The term subjectivity has been used in several different ways in studies of modality. This paper argues for a new treatment of the notion of subjectivity in the analysis of English modals.
We give a brief survey of different approaches to subjectivity in the literature on English modals, where we also examine how subjectivity has been applied to modality in German. We argue that the concept of subjectivity should be linked to the relationship between semantics and pragmatics in the interpretation of modals. We propose that uses of modals should be called subjective if they involve primary pragmatic processes as argued by Recanati (2004). Further, we will argue that the relationship is not the same for all modals, but varies for each modal.


Through dynamic thermogravimetry,the pyrolysis curve of ultra-low density plant fibre-based foaming materials(ULD materials),which were treated by fire-retardant with different dosage based on weight of oven dried fiber as 0,30%wt and 40%wt respectively,was studied.The result showed the pyrolysis curve experienced five stages and the deflagration stage was key stage to control fire spread,furthermore,the ideal purpose of fire-retardance was achieved under dosage as 40%wt.The experimental data were treated by supposing the reaction order of ULD materials pyrolysis to be 0.5,1,1.5 and 2,respectively.The appropriate reaction order of 0.5 or 2 was obtained by minimizing the difference between the calculated and measured data.Reaction kinetics equations were established and indicated that more stable is the reaction velocity,less is the reaction order.


LA CRISE DE L'ETAT AUX ETATS-UNIS. By Roger Pinto, Professeur i la Facult6 de Droit de Lille. 1951. (Paris: Librairie G~n~rale de Droit & de Jurisprudence.) Not infrequently, foreign scholars (as distinct from that objectionable category of writers who produce books about foreign countries after a six weeks visit) have given a more pentrating analysis of another country than its own nationals. De Tocqueville's "Democracy in America" is the most celebrated example. Professor Pinto's study is a remarkably careful, well-documented and incisive analysis of certain significant developments in the contemporary constitutional structure of the United. States. While it surveys the three branches of government, its most important part is the analysis of the change in the ideology and function of the Supreme Court. The analysis is carried to the middle of the year 1950. The author's thesis is that while the states have by no means lost their significance or relative autonomy, the advance of Federal power has been steady and inexorable. This has been partly accompanied and partly caused by what the author calls "the end of the government of judges." The historic break in the attitude of the Supreme Court which from 1936 onwards has, by and large, abandoned its former claim to control Federal legislation by ruthless invalidation of social and economic legislation through an extremely reactionary and prejudiced interpretation of the Constitution, and has shifted its attention to the strengthening of the constitutional provisions forbidding national and civic discrimination, is by now familiar. But there is no other analysis which is as detailed and up to date as that of Professor Pinto. He gives, moreover, some interesting reasons for the differentiation between those clauses of the Constitution which guarantee the basic freedom of the person and those which are concerned with economic and social regulation. The author also analyzes the unquestionable decline in the personnel and prestige of the Supreme Court in recent years and concludes that altogether the Supreme Court has ceased to occupy the central and dominating position which it held until a few years ago. In that the author may have gone too far. At the time of writing, the Supreme Court is about to decide whether President Truman's seizure of the steel industry is constitutional or not. Its decision-the only way out of the hopeless tangle of conflicting parties and views-will, for better or worse, have once again a decisive influence on the future of government in the United States.


In this paper, we investigate revival and super revivals of nonlinear coherent states while generating these states through the interaction of coherent states of a generalized isotonic oscillator with the nonlinear media during time evolution. We construct the f-deformed generalized isotonic oscillator which is a non-isochronous partner of the generalized isotonic oscillator. We connect these two nonlinear oscillators through deformed ladder operators. The generalized isotonic oscillator possesses linear energy spectrum whereas f-deformed generalized isotonic oscillator exhibits nonlinear energy spectrum. The presence of the cubic nonlinearity in the f-deformed oscillator motivates us to study revivals, super and fractional revivals of coherent states which are nonlinearly evolved. We also investigate time-dependent expectation values of uncertainties in certain canonically conjugate variables and demonstrate that at revival and super revival times the uncertainty relation attains its minimum value.


For the sake of the quality of mortar pad for the turbine,to solve the series of quality prob lems such as surface bubbles,cracks,internal grouting not dense or appearing hierarchy,combining with the construction characteristic of mortar pad for the turbine,studied and analyzed construction strategies of mortar pad.The study result shows that taking prevention measures such as environmen tal protection,personnel training,foundation digging,mould fixing,pour and maintenance of mortar,can improve success rate of mortar pad,which provides technology guarantee for creating excellence axial vibration index of the steam turbine.


The author of the paper discussed the reference station building technology research of GPS,including the concept of GPS reference station network,function technology index,type choiee and their excellent shortcoming analyses,GPS having built fun- damental reference station network process,and having looked into the distance to build Shandong Province consults reference station net prospect.


A production process includes several sub-processes (working areas) that are responsible for performing the different tasks required to accomplish the mission of the process. Thus, it is important ...


ABSTRACT Human cytomegalovirus is a widespread pathogen of major medical importance. It causes significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals, and congenital infections can result in severe disabilities or stillbirth. Development of a vaccine is prioritized, but no candidate is close to release. Although correlations of viral genetic variability with pathogenicity are suspected, knowledge about the strain diversity of the 235-kb genome is still limited. In this study, 96 full-length human cytomegalovirus genomes from clinical isolates were characterized, quadrupling the amount of information available for full-genome analysis. These data provide the first high-resolution map of human cytomegalovirus interhost diversity and evolution. We show that cytomegalovirus is significantly more divergent than all other human herpesviruses and highlight hot spots of diversity in the genome. Importantly, 75% of strains are not genetically intact but contain disruptive mutations in a diverse set of 26 genes, including the immunomodulatory genes UL40 and UL111A. These mutants are independent of culture passage artifacts and circulate in natural populations. Pervasive recombination, which is linked to the widespread occurrence of multiple infections, was found throughout the genome. The recombination density was significantly higher than those of other human herpesviruses and correlated with strain diversity. While the overall effects of strong purifying selection on virus evolution are apparent, evidence of diversifying selection was found in several genes encoding proteins that interact with the host immune system, including UL18, UL40, UL142, and UL147. These residues may present phylogenetic signatures of past and ongoing virus-host interactions. IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus has the largest genome of all viruses that infect humans. Currently, there is a great interest in establishing associations between genetic variants and strain pathogenicity of this herpesvirus. Since the number of publicly available full-genome sequences is limited, knowledge about strain diversity is highly fragmented and biased toward a small set of loci. Combined with our previous work, we have now contributed 101 complete genome sequences. We have used these data to conduct the first high-resolution analysis of interhost genome diversity, providing an unbiased and comprehensive overview of cytomegalovirus variability. These data are of major value to the development of novel antivirals and a vaccine and to identify potential targets for genotype-phenotype experiments. Furthermore, these data have enabled a thorough study of the evolutionary processes that have shaped cytomegalovirus diversity.


AbstractA 71 year old male presented with the symptoms, physical findings, radiographic, and bronchoscopic picture of a bronchogenic neoplasm with obstructive pneumonia. The initial biopsy with corresponding immunohistochemistry revealed a poorly differentiated neoplasm with an antigenic profile of sarcoma. The subsequent partial pneumonectomy revealed a polypoid squamous cell carcinoma with immunohistochemical, histological, and electron microscopic confirmation. The discrepancy between the initial biopsy interpretation and final results was addressed. (The JHistotechnol 10:273, 1987.)


Direct electroless nickle plating on the AZ31 magnesium alloy in an alkaline plating bath through two steps was investigated.The morphology,the phosphorus content,microstructure and corrosion resistance of the electroless nickle coating obtained were studied by SEM,EDS,XRD and electrokinetic polarization curve in 3.5% NaCl solution.Results shown that advance electroless nickle films were crystal coatings.And the platings from second step were non-crystalline coatings and have better corrosion resistance than advance electroless nickle films.


Inoculation of corn mesocotyls with Helminthosporium maydis (susceptible combination) at the same time or at intervals up to 45 h after inoculation with H. carbonum (resistant combination) suppressed the expression of resistance to H. carbonum. This occurred even when the ratio of H. carbonum to H. maydis spores was as much as 100:1. When inoculated at 60 h after H. carbonum, H. maydis was unable to suppress resistance expression and was also unable to establish a susceptible disease interaction.


This paper presents a computational framework for quasi‐static brittle fracture in three‐dimensional solids. The paper sets out the theoretical basis for determining the initiation and direction of propagating cracks based on the concept of configurational mechanics, consistent with Griffith's theory. Resolution of the propagating crack by the FEM is achieved by restricting cracks to element faces and adapting the mesh to align it with the predicted crack direction. A local mesh improvement procedure is developed to maximise mesh quality in order to improve both accuracy and solution robustness and to remove the influence of the initial mesh on the direction of propagating cracks. An arc‐length control technique is derived to enable the dissipative load path to be traced. A hierarchical hp‐refinement strategy is implemented in order to improve both the approximation of displacements and crack geometry. The performance of this modelling approach is demonstrated on two numerical examples that qualitatively illustrate its ability to predict complex crack paths. All problems are three‐dimensional, including a torsion problem that results in the accurate prediction of a doubly‐curved crack. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A structure is described which yields uniform polarization in the emitted light from an array of GaAs lasers. The exterior cleaved faces define a standard Fabry‐Perot structure, and a 2‐μ air space within the cavity inclined at the Brewster angle provides the necessary discrimination in gain between orthogonal modes to produce TE polarization (within ± 3°) for all lasers in the array.


The electrical and tribological properties of multicomponent surface alloys (stainless steel (SS)-Cu) formed on copper substrate with a low-energy (20-30 keV) high-current (10-30 kA) electron beam (LEHCEB) of microsecond pulse duration (2-4 μm) have been investigated. Formation of surface alloys has been performed using deposition of SS films by means of magnetron sputtering followed by a LEHCEB liquid-phase mixing. A thickness of formed SS-Cu alloys was ranging from 1 to 10 μm. Investigation of properties of copper electrodes with SS-Cu alloy at the surface showed almost three times increase in the electrical strength of vacuum insulation (1 MV/cm) compared with that for initial copper electrodes (0.35 MV/cm). The reached electrical strength of vacuum insulation appear to be close to that for electrodes made of SS. Moreover, scratch tests revealed the significant improving of adhesion of coating to a substrate for surface alloys compared with that for the magnetron deposited coating.


Wikileaks is one of the most radical phenomenons in the context of openness and openly available information. Unlike Open Data and related initiatives it does not respect governmental interest of confidentiality. Administrative institutions that are trying to retain information from the public are the aim of Wikileaks and other whistleblower platforms which want to create a maximum of transparency in the public discourse.


The problem of a reliable simulation of relief condition of a fluid (flow rate, pressure and temperature) is a preliminary and fundamental step to the calculation of dispersion effects. The evaluation of the mass discharged from pipelines in cases of leaks or abnormal operating conditions is largely based on the use of commercial simulators for safety analysis like PHAST or more specialized codes developed for oil&gas transportation such as OLGA and Ledaflow. However all these codes use a simplified thermodynamic approach since physical and transport properties are calculated on the basis of fixed fluid compositions and stored in tables. To avoid these limitations vapour-liquid equilibrium and fluid dynamics equations should be coupled and solved at the same time. This paper presents the implementation of two-fluid model fluid dynamics equations in a process simulator (XPSIM) providing an integrated tool which allows the simulation of vapour-liquid flows taking into account also the changes in the chemical composition. Since in this field experimental data are almost not available the validation of simulations is very difficult and different results are to be expected with different codes. The first case considered is the fast discharge of a rich CO2 mixture obtained in a small experimental flow-loop: the simulated results are described and compared with experimental values. The second case presents the results of the depressurization of a pipeline used to transport a hydrocarbon fluid with high hydrogen sulfide content in the case of an emergency through a control valve.


The effect of a salicylaldimine Schiff base (1,4-Bis[2-(2-hydroxybenzyliden amino) phenoxy]butane) on the corrosion behaviour of mild steel in 0.1M HCl media were investigated by using potentiodynamic polarisation, linear polarisation, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance and SEM methods. Potentiodynamic polarisation measurements indicate that studied Schiff base was acting as cathodic type inhibitor. All electrochemical measurements show that inhibition efficiencies increase with increase in inhibitor concentration. This reveals that inhibitive action of inhibitor was mainly due to adsorption on mild steel surfaces. It was found that adsorption of these inhibitors follows Temkin adsorption isotherm. The results of SEM and EQCM measurements indicate that Schiff base is adsorbed on metal surface and metal is protected against corrosion.


The goal of the paper is to outline a multiagent robotic system employed in the task of material handling in an unstructured, indoor environment. In the research described, manipulators, observers, vehicles, sensors, and human operators are considered to be agents. Alternatively, an agent can be a general-purpose agent. Mobility is considered to be essential-if an agent is not mobile, it must be possible for it to 'piggy-back' on another agent which is mobile. In addition there is a central station which is stocked with a variety of additional sensors, means of illumination, special effectors or tools, that the agents can employ depending on the environment, task and the outcome of the execution of the task. Some possible applications of such a material handling system and examples of the tasks and environments are outlined.<<ETX>>


Determinant annihilates guilty albatross. Absolute error is observable. Analysis of the composition of 17 manuscript collections containing Mosquito Control In Panama: The Eradication Of Malaria And Yellow Fever In Cuba And Panama... pdf free texts of poetry facetiae leads to the conclusion that a set of a priori bisexuality strictly selects the quantum-mechanical photoinduced energy transfer, opening up new horizons.


For a digital video recorder system,as a new kind of c ontrol method,is progressively used in safety protection,industrial management a nd every field which are with relation to them.The article,according to a design example,discusses and analyses design thought of the digital video recorder syst e m,system form,equipment configuration and the connection of the system and part network and puts forward some strategies for the design.


HIV-1 cell-to-cell spread is thousands fold more efficient than cell-free infection; yet the nature of the infectious material transferred at the junction remains poorly documented. We found that HIV-1 T cell-associated infectivity mostly resides at the cell surface in a viral biofilm. Initially described for HTLV-1, a viral biofilm is defined as extracellular viral particles aggregated within a scaffold of extracellular matrix (ECM) components exposed at the surface of infected cells. Using a combination of microscopy techniques, we report the presence of HIV-1 biofilms at the surface of HIV-1 infected T cells (chronically infected T cells lines as well as primary CD4+ T cells infected in vitro with HIV-1 laboratory strains as well as primary isolates). Importantly, we show that CD4+ T cells isolated from HIV-1 patients produce a viral biofilm as well. We partially characterize the composition of HIV-1 biofilm in ECM components and unravel their contribution to HIV-1 transmission. We show that HIV-1 biofilm is transferred both between T cells and during dendritic-cell (DC)-mediated trans-infection and confers viral particles with an increased infectivity as compared to their cell-free counterparts. This increased infectivity is preserved in the presence of antiretroviral treatment and neutralizing antibodies. Our findings hence identify HIV-1 biofilm as a new infectious entity central for the efficiency of HIV-1 cell-to-cell transmission. This new mechanism of intercellular transmission might be shared by other viruses and will require appraisal in the design of future therapeutical strategies.


Ghanaian universities' curricula, which have provisions for industrial training (IT), have not made the expected impact on graduates to meet the expectations of the construction industry. This paper assesses the perceptions of undergraduate construction students on IT in Ghana, its challenges and possible measures to overcome them. The study employed a structured questionnaire survey of 185 final year construction students of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana. Data analysis was based on mean scores of factors evaluated and the t-test was used to assess the significance of the differences between students' performance before and after undertaking IT. Students are of the perception that IT exposes them to real work environment and increases their job prospects among others. Students' satisfaction level with their performance on personal attitude, communication and work attitude significantly improved after undergoing IT. Students are, however, not satisfied with their departments' involvement in IT, particularly, with regards to placement and monitoring. Stressful placement processes and financial strain on students are some of the challenges identified. Keywords: Industrial training, perception, construction graduates, Ghana.


This paper outlines the features of the 85Rb vapor cell atomic clock, the coherent population trapping (CPT) resonance in an 85Rb/87Rb mixed vapor cell, and the results of the frequency stabilities of a pilot system. The experiments were performed with a sealed vapor cell containing a natural mixture of Rb isotopes and a buffer gas. Excitation of the CPT resonance was accomplished using a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser modulated at 1.5, 3.0, 3.4 and 6.8 GHz, which corresponded to the full- and half-ground-state hyperfine frequencies of 85Rb and 87Rb. The results show that the CPT resonances at both 85Rb and 87Rb can be observed separately. The frequency stabilities of the output signals for each CPT resonance were <10x10-12/day for 85Rb and <6x10-12/day for 87Rb. In addition, the RF modulation signal power for 85Rb was 1.1 dB less than that of 87Rb, which was 3.4 GHz.


With the development of television and computer technologies, more and more people employ non-linear technique in making TV programmes nowadays. But the difference in field processing between non-linear technique and TV usually cause some problems which often bring about bad on a TV screen. This essay deals with the problem, analyzies it and tries to get a solution.


The invention relates to a processing method of a ginkgo leisure food. The processing method comprises the following specific steps: soaking core-free ginkgo kernels, then autoclaving, and quick-freezing for crystallizing; and then deep-frying in vacuum and at a low temperature, and adding seasonings after deoiling to obtain the ginkgo leisure food, wherein the core-free ginkgo kernels are obtained through three procedures of shelling, hulling and coring of normal ginkgo, and the three procedures are free from sequence limitation. The processing method is simple in operation, short in production period, low in requirements on factories and equipment, and low in energy consumption, maintains complete shapes and no nutrient loss of ginkgo, and also keeps an original flavor of ginkgo.


The effects of two commonly used doses of the opioid fentanyl (50 and 100 μg/kg) on the electrophysiological outcome following global cerebral ischemia were studied in rats. The somatosensory evoked responses (SSER) and EEG activity were utilized to assess neurophysiological outcome. Prior to ischemia, there was no difference in the latency of the cortical peak of the SSER between groups. During the ischemic period, SSER and EEG activity were abolished in both groups. During the reperfusion period, however, the cortical peak of the SSER returned within 30 min in the animals anesthetized with 50 μg/kg of fentanyl, whereas in the animals anesthetized with 100 μg/kg fentanyl the cortical peak did not return by 60 min. This suggests that the animals anesthetized with a high dose of fentanyl are more susceptible to ischemic damage and that a high dose of fentanyl may exacerbate neurological damage following an ischemic insult to the brain.


This study aims to determine whether the application of inquiry learning method can improve student learning outcomes in class XII MIPA I Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Medan 2019/2020 Academic Year. This research is a classroom action research study consisting of 2 cycles. Each cycle consists of 4 stages, namely planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data collection techniques used were observation and test. The test consists of pretest, posttest Cycle I, and posttest Cycle II and observation includes the activities of teachers and students. The results showed an increase in student learning outcomes. The improvement process can be seen starting from the initial test with the breakdown of 49 students obtained by 15 students (30.61%) who received complete scores, while 34 students received incomplete grades. In the first cycle post-test, it increased to 30 students (61.22%) who received complete marks, while 19 students (38.78%) received incomplete grades. In the Post Cycle II out of 49 students, 47 students (95.91%) received complete marks, while 2 students (4.09%) received incomplete grades. Thus it can be concluded that the application of inquiry learning method can improve student learning outcomes in the subject of Civics Education majoring in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Medan in 2019/2020 Academic Year.


Elastic and viscous component of the shear modulus of solutions of styrene-butadiene diblock copolymers in ethylbenzene and toluene have been determined using a torsional pendulum. The solutions exhibit three distinguishable concentration regions : Above a limiting concentration, a continuous micelle structure exists established by polystyrene domains with the polybutadiene chains directed outward, the domains themselves forming a kind of lattice. Below this limiting concentration, an intermediate state is present where fluctuating domains form a short range order made up by randomly distributed insular lattice structures. At sufficiently low concentrations, however, these structures disappear and the solutions turn to the state of molecular dispersion.


Two-dimension gel electrophoresis (2DE) technique was used to identify differential protein spots between Bombyx mori eggs from normal sexual reproduction and those from parthenogenetic reproduction.After these protein spots were analyzed by MALDI-TOF-TOF MS,a large number of short peptide sequences were obtained.Alignments with sequences in a constructed cDNA library and in predicted protein database of Bombyx mori led to the identification of a phosphatidylinositol glycan protein (PGL) of which expression was up-regulated significantly in the process of parthenogenesis.In order to elucidate the function of PGL protein in Bombyx mori parthenogenesis,the full-length PGL protein gene was obtained by means of 5'-RACE.Bioinformatic analysis showed that this gene contains 1 038 nucleotides and encodes 345 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 39.516 kD and pI of 5.845.Moreover,the encoded protein harbors a conserved domain GPI8.Prediction of signal peptide showed that the probability of signal peptide was 0.997,suggesting its identity as a secreted protein.Functional domain prediction indicated that the protein has various functional sites including casein kinase Ⅱ phosphorylation,N-glycosylation,and protein kinase C phosphorylation sites.According to PGL protein's physical and chemical properties and its structural and functional domains,it is suggested that PGL protein participates in the process of Bombyx mori parthenogenesis and plays important roles in it through cell signaling pathway.


Liquid metal when filling sand casting mould while pouring it out from ladle at the first moment comes across the sprue/gate system of the mould the purpose of which is to transfer liquid metal and feed the mould recess. The materials presently used for the elements of the sprue/gate systems are based on ceramics or the mixtures based on paper pulp. In this study the use of alternative mineral additions such as expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite, and microspheres as the fillers to paper pulp acquired from waste-paper for the use for the elements of mould sprue/gate systems or also other applications for the contact with liquid metal are presented. Experimental mould tube shapes made on the basis of the paper pulp based mixture patented by the authors were poured over with liquid metal. For the comparison, ceramic shapes and commercially available cellulose shapes were investigated in the same way. In order to compare the crystallization processes, a measurement of the cooling off liquid metal was carried out for all the analysed tube samples. From the so obtained metal samples metallographic microsections were made to compare cast iron microstructures. The results obtained from the investigations carried out have shown that the patented paper pulp based mixture may well be applied as an alternative material used for the elements of the sprue/gate systems for disposable sand moulds.


0. Introduction. In this paper, we study systems of linear partial differential equations in n(•†3) variables of rank (=the dimension of the solution space) n+2. The case n=2 is treated in [SY 1] and [SY2]. Here we would like to mention our motivation. Let D be the symmetric domain of type IV of dimension n(•†3), ƒ¡ be a transformation group acting properly discontinuously on D, X be a quotient variety of D under ƒ¡ naturally equipped with the structure of orbifold, ƒÎ be the projection of D onto X and finally let ƒÓ be the inverse map ƒÎ -1 : X• ̈D, which is called the developing map of the orbifold X. We think there should be a system of linear differential equations (E) defined on X such that the solution of the system gives rise to the map ƒÓ. It is called the uniformizing differential equation of the orbifold X. Since D can be thought of as a part of a non-degenerate quadric hypersurface


Dark Holds No Terror is the second published novel of Shashi Deshpande. Saru, the protagonist of the novel is a well-educated doctor. This study is about her relationship with her parents, brother, how her life changes before and after marriage. Throughout the novel, she suffers mentally, physically and spiritually. She was a neglected child since her childhood. This paper focus on how the protagonist deal with the problems and finally discovers her real identity.


The drive for a more accurate and easily "reconfigurable" on-orbit simulation has spawned the development of "robotic" mockups for use in extravehicular activity (EVA) training. While it is apparent that no technique can exactly mimic the test space environment, this article describes work in progress at the University of Maryland to incorporate actively controlled mockups, capable of simulating free-floating satellites and robotic systems, into a neutral buoyancy environment. A set of potential requirements for robotic training devices is outlined, and the strengths and weaknesses of several candidate configurations are compared. Free-floating satellites between 125 and 1,000 kg were successfully simulated using the baseline admittance controller running on a serial manipulator.


Only one-third of urban mothers interviewed twice, a year apart, answered correctly both times about when during the menstrual cycle a woman is most likely to become pregnant. Classroom discussions about contraception, attendance at family planning clinics, and discussions with one's mother about contraception are not positively associated with knowledge about pregnancy risk. Those using methods other than the pill or IUD are more knowledgeable about pregnancy risk--perhaps because they have a greater need to know.


IPsec/ESP is used to secure end-to-end communications. This document
lists the requirements Diet-ESP should meet to design IPsec/ESP for
IoT.


We propose a new algorithm for updating a Cholesky factorization which speeds up Projective Dynamics simulations with topological changes. Our approach addresses an important limitation of the original Projective Dynamics, i.e., that topological changes such as cutting, fracturing, or tearing require full refactorization which compromises computation speed, especially in real-time applications. Our method progressively modifies the Cholesky factor of the system matrix in the global step instead of computing it from scratch. Only a small amount of overhead is added since most of the topological changes in typical simulations are continuous and gradual. Our method is based on the update and downdate routine in CHOLMOD, but unlike recent related work, supports dynamic sizes of the system matrix and the addition of new vertices. Our approach allows us to introduce clean cuts and perform interactive remeshing. Our experiments show that our method works particularly well in simulation scenarios involving cutting, tearing, and local remeshing operations.


Objective:To investigate the clinicopathologic features,differential diagnosis and biological characteristics of anaplastic ependymoma.Methods: Three cases of anaplastic ependymoma,clinical and pathologic data were reported and the related literature were reviewed.Results: The tumour was commonly found in the ventricles of the brain system,most clinical manifestations were intracranial hypertension.The tectology diagnosis may advance based on the cell density,the nuclear fission is active,blood vessel's false chrysanthemum shape group and stove area necrosis.Immunohistochemical staining for GFAP was positive.Conclusion: Anaplastic ependymoma is with rapid growth,poor clinical course,biological behavior should be defined as malignant.


Objective To evaluate the early results of Fontan procedure with extracardiac conduit on beating heart.Methods Nine patients(5 males and 4 females) age ranged from 3 to 9 years old.There were 5 children with single ventricle,2 children with tricuspid atresia,and 2 children with double outlet of right ventricle.They received Fontan procedure with extracardiac conduit on beating heart.Results There were no early death,and no arrhythmia evidence.The oxygen saturation was obviously improved.But significant pleural effusion was performed in all patients.Conclusion Fontan procedure with extracardiac conduit has good early results for complex congenital heart diseases.


espanolCaso clinico: Se describe un paciente de 4 anos con neurofibromatosis tipo 1 (NF-1) y vasos retinianos tortuosos de primer, segundo y tercer orden que terminaban en forma de sacacorcho. Discusion: Los pacientes con NF-1 pueden tener anomalias retinianas vasculares. EnglishCase report: We report a 4-year-old patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) who had tortuous retinal vessels of first, second and third order which ended in a corkscrew appearance. Discussion: Vascular retinal abnormalities can be present in patients with NF-1.


Writing process research has attracted significant attention in English composition studies. However, much less research exists on the relationship between foreign language (FL) and first language (L1) writing processes. This study focuses on whether university students studying a FL (in this case German) at an American university use the same processes and writing strategies in FL and L1 writing in two different genres (letter and article). Using a computerized tracking device, individual writing sessions were analyzed through statistical techniques and individual case studies. Statistical results provided evidence that students wrote less, but revised more, when writing in the FL than in the L1. In their L1, students tended to revise less in the letter genre than when writing an article. The author advocates using the computer for writing process research, given that it is an unobtrusive and efficient method of data collection and because it provides researchers with an easy way to replicate research and to share data.


We present a discrete choice model based on agent interaction. The framework combines the features of two well-known models of word-of-mouthcommunication (Ellison and Fudenberg, 1995 and Bala and Goyal, 2001).Interaction structure is a regular periodic lattice with decision-makers interacting only with immediate neighbours. We investigate the long-runequilibrium) behaviour of the resulting system and show that for a largerange of initial conditions clustering in economic behaviour emerges andpersists inde?nitely. The setup allows for the analysis of multi-option environments. For these environments we derive the distribution of optionpopularity in equilibrium.


In this study, the author examines the title of Juridical Analysis of Guidance Cases Accompanied by Other Crimes (Research Study in the Batam District Court) with the formulation of the problem namely How is the legal arrangement of the Guidance Case Accompanied by Other Crimes and How are the implementation, factors and constraints along with solution in the Case of Guidance Accompanied by Other Crimes (Research Study in Batam District Court)? The problem approach in this study uses a normative and empirical juridical approach. The data used are primary data and secondary data. The method of collecting data in this study is to use library research and field research. Data analysis uses qualitative data analysis. In a murder case that is accompanied by a criminal offense is regulated in article 339 of the Criminal Code. The trial process carried out by the Judge at the Batam District Court is in accordance with the Criminal Procedure Code, but the judge still faces obstacles in carrying out the trial. The results showed that, the Batam District Court was appropriate in applying the sentence to the murder case accompanied by other crimes despite the obstacles of the victim's family during the trial process. Therefore the authors suggest that further enhance the security system and increase cooperation with other agencies to minimize criminal acts.


This current paper aims to analyze two major issues-fashion American dream and the representation of body politics in contemporary popular culture-in Tyra Banks's young adult novel Modelland, along with her television phenomenon America's Next Top Model. America's Next Top Model is a hit reality television show in the United States. Founded by Afro-American supermodel Tyra Banks, this show aims to select potential girls and shape them into America's future super models. The show has been extremely successful not only in the United States but also around the world, and it just finished airing its 19th cycle. Modelland is a teenager fantasy novel written by Tyra Banks and published in 2011. It is a novel about how Tookie, a girl with bizarrely-unique looks, goes through a series of trials in a modeling boarding school with her friends who also have certain physical flaws, and how they finally become confident models at the end of the story.In the first part of the paper, I will analyze the cultural phenomenon since the 90s-postfeminism. I will point out how postfeminism finds its base in the consumerist society and how young girls intend to shape their subjectivity and achieve self-actualization through commodities and the fashion industry. I also seek to go beyond previous mainstream feminist discourses-which usually criticize postfeminism in terms of neoliberal economy-by revealing the linear narrative structure and the hidden "American Dream" (and its possible disillusion) in both the show and the novel. The second part of the paper will move toward a discussion on the representations of models's bodies-from the representation of ethnical bodies to the showcase of "freaky" bodies. In both her television shows and her novel, Tyra Banks consciously utilizes the slogans and concepts of the previous wave of body politics and attempts to make us believe that the previous body politics and struggles have already "passed," and that all kinds of traumatized and marginalized bodies can be easily liberated now. She also tries to make us believe that any type of bodily flaws, including bizarre eye colors, over-sized forehead, plus-sized or petite bodies, even illnesses such as albinism, can become spectacles in the fashion industry as long as they can be commodified, domesticated and eventually framed into the consumerist society. Young girls start to proudly display their bodily flaws as long as their "freaky bodies" can be turned into cultural capital. What this popular cultural phenomenon reveals is a kind of position which I term "post-body politics." This article will eventually conclude with the "myth" and danger of post-body politics.


The aim of research is comparison the self-efficiency and the confrontation with stress strategies in women having addicted husbands (in curing) and normal women in Isfahan in 2014.This review is a descriptive and correlation research according to subject and goal. The reviewed sample includes 100 women with addicted husbands and 100 normal women that referred to abuse centers in Isfahan and chose according to available sampling technique. The participants completed the sherer self-efficiency questionnaire (SES, 1982) and confrontation with stressful situations (clss, 1990) and personal information questionnaires. This research used Gotman reducing to half and Kronbachalfa techniques for stability of tools. The tools showed good validity and stability. This research has used Pearson correlation and multi variable variance analysis statistical techniques. The results showed that quantity of F in variance analysis with P=0/35% is meaningful and define that the average of avoiding confrontation mark is higher in women with addicted husbands than normal women and it shows women with addicted husbands use more avoiding techniques than women with normal husbands. Difference between the average of self-efficiency in two groups of women with addicted husbands and normal husbands is meaningful with P<0/003,T=3/02. So the hypothesis is confirmed and defines that the average of self- efficiency mark in normal women is higher than women with addicted husbands.


The wave-packet convergent close-coupling approach is used to calculate integrated target excitation and ionisation cross sections in bare beryllium-ion collisions with the 2ℓm states of atomic hydrogen (where n, ℓ and m are the principal, orbital angular momentum and magnetic quantum numbers, respectively). The calculations are performed at representative projectile energies between 10 keV/u to 1 MeV/u. The calculated cross sections for collisions with H(2s) are compared with recent theoretical results. Generally, good agreement is observed for the n-partial excitation and total ionisation cross sections. However, a significant discrepancy is found for excitation into the dominant n=3 states at 100 keV/u, where the target excitation cross-section peaks. We also present the first calculations of the excitation and ionisation cross sections for Be4+ collisions with H(2p0) and H(2p±1).


We present a linear active cochlear model that includes the outer hair cell (OHC) forces, which are delivered onto upstream and downstream basilar membrane (BM) segments through Deiters' cells (DCs) and their phalangeal processes (PhPs). Due to the longitudinal tilt of the OHC towards the base and the oblique orientation of the PhP towards the apex, each BM segment receives both feed-forward and feed-backward OHC forces. Transverse BM fibers are actively coupled longitudinally through these bi-directional OHC forces, included in a cochlear model for the first time. We present simulation results that demonstrate large amplification and sharp tuning, and we analyze the underlying mechanism.


As public-private enterprises launch transformations to address value deficiencies there is a growing need for practical and validated knowledge to guide their journey. For the specific instance of transformation to manufacturing in a global enterprise, the on-going knowledge exchanges between the Tennenbaum Institute research network and a variety of global enterprise stakeholders continue to provide knowledge that is of value to enable and accelerate today's complex public-private enterprise transformations.


Distributed Knowledge Management Systems (DKMS) are often faced to heterogeneous environments associated with the absence of shared vocabularies. DKMSs realise Knowledge Flows between autonomous Knowledge Nodes as parts of social networks. Schwotzer models the KNs' individual policies for input relevance and output strategy as Knowledge Ports. Topic Map Technologies are well suited for the semantic integration of distributed, heterogeneous knowledge. But current implementations base on pure naming approaches to Subject Identity in connection with the use of shared vocabularies. Maicher's SIM Approach helps to use Topic Map Technologies for the semantic integration of distributed, heterogeneous knowledge in the absence of shared vocabularies. To detect Subject similarity it exploits the Topics' usage in the current context. Our contribution is the liaison of the Knowledge Port Approach and the SIM Approach. This leads to DKMSs which significantly better deal with the absence of shared vocabularies.


Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) is a central piece of 5G telecommunication systems and is essential to satisfy the challenging low-latency demands of future applications. MEC provides a cloud computing platform at the edge of the radio access network that developers can utilize for their applications. In [1] we argued that edge computing should be transparent to clients and introduced a solution to that end. This paper presents how to efficiently implement such a transparent approach, leveraging Software-Defined Networking. For high performance and scalability, our architecture focuses on three aspects: (i) a modular architecture that can easily be distributed onto multiple switches/controllers, (ii) multiple filter stages to avoid screening traffic not intended for the edge, and (iii) several strategies to keep the number of flows low to make the best use of the precious flow table memory in hardware switches. A performance evaluation is shown, with results from a real edge/fog testbed.


To assess the thrombinspecificityof tripeptidechromogenic substrates,we determinedthe Michaelis-Menten (K), catalytic(I#{231}5), and specificity (kat/l) constantsforS-2238 (H-DPhe-Pip-Arg-p-nitroanilide), Chromozym-TH (Tos-Gly-ProArg-p-nitroanilide), and Spectrozyme-TH (H-D-hexahydrotyrosyl-Ala-Arg-p-nitroanilide) with high-puritythrombinpreparations. Human and bovine a-thrombins, prepared by essentiallythe same procedure, wereeach>95% inthe form of the enzyme (a-thrombin) and had a specific fibnnogenclottingactivity>2000 kilo-clottingunitsper gram of protein (kcu/g). In contrast,human yand bovinep-thrombins,made bycontrolledpassageof a-thrombinthroughtrypsinagarose, were >98% of their respective forms and had fibrinogenclottingactivity <1 kcu/g. With the tnpeptide chromogenic substratesthese fourthrombinformsat pH 7.8 and 23#{176}C had K valuesof 1.6 to 16 mol/L, Ic valuesof 35 to 130 s and kcat/Km ratiosof 4.7 to 52 L mo11 s1. Althoughi#{231}, for an individualsubstrate was slightly higher for bovine than for human a-thrombinsand althoughl values for the nonclotting forms (human yand bovine 13-thrombins) were higher than for clotting forms (a-thrombins), we found no major differencesamongthe kineticvaluesfor the three substrates.


The behavior of the vegetative nucleus during pollen grain development and germination in Tropaeolum majus was examined using epifluorescence microscopy stained with 4', 6-di-amidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). The vegetative nucleus exhibited gradual elongation and overall length association with the simultaneously elongated generative cell during pollen development. The elongated vegetative nucleus and generative cell in the mature pollen grains appeared in a paired structure that was stable against physically squashed pollen rupture. Electron microscopy showed that the ultrastructural relationship between the vegetative nucleus and the generative cell was discontinuous with rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) often located in the interface and Golgi bodies appeared remarkably around the generative cell. However, the vegetative nucleus became spherical after pollen hydration and the association between the vegetative nucleus and the generative cell disintegrated markedly during pollen germination. These results suggest that the elongation of the vegetative nucleus and the physical association between the vegetative nucleus and the generative cell in the pollen grains of T majus may play an important role in pollen, especially the generative cell development.


Background The mechanisms responsible for acute renal failure in sepsis are not understood. Measurement of tissue ATP might help to understand this process but, in the large animal, it is hampered by major technical difficulties. Objective To develop a technique to monitor ATP in the kidney of a large mammal during the induction of septic shock and then circulatory arrest. Methods Implantation of a custom-made phosphorus coil around the left kidney. Induction of septic shock by intravenous E. coli administration. Acquisition of 31P magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopic data at 3-tesla before and during septic shock over several hours. Induction of euthanasia and measurement of the same 31P signal immediately and thirty minutes after circulatory arrest. Results Clear reproducible 31P MR spectra were obtained before and after the induction of septic shock and euthanasia. They indicated limited changes in ATP during septic shock. An expected rapid and dramatic decrease in ATP occurred with euthanasia. Conclusions It is possible to sequentially monitor renal bioenergetics in a large mammal during septic shock using an implanted custom-made phosphorus coil and 3-tesla MR technology. This technique offers a novel approach to the investigation of septic renal failure.


It consists of a low-adhesion material (3) comprising a mold surface (6), Y La In the low-adhesion material Thus, the beam from the low-adhesion material (3), due to the ionic radius and number of sites per unit area lower than Y Thus, it is by the low-adhesion material (3) having a low adhesion and excellent shape retention than Y The mold for molding a resin having a low-adhesion material and the excellent releasing property and shape retention with excellent shape retention while using adhesion to a basic substance is less than Y Low-adhesion material, an antifouling material


The generation of entanglement between three identical coupled cavities, each containing a single three-level atom, is studied when the cavities exchange two coherent photons and are in the N =2, 4, and 6 manifolds, where N represents the maximum number of photons possible in any one cavity. The combined states of the atom and the photon in a cavity is given by a qutrit for N = 2, a five-dimensional qudit for N = 4, and a seven-dimensional qudit for N = 6. The conservation of the operator Nˆ for the interacting three-cavity system limits the total number of tripartite states to only 6, 18, and 38, rather than the usual 3³ = 27, 5³=125, and 7³ = 343 states for N =2, 4, and 6, respectively. The deterministic generation of entanglement from general initially unentangled tripartite states is studied in the limit of large hopping strength, where all the solutions are analytic and given in terms of exponential functions. Several types of resulting tripartite entanglement are analyzed in order to obtain maximally entangled states.


The following approach to the study of geodesic ellipses and hyperbolas is instructive, and leads to a generalisation in Riemannian geometry.


The manifestation of diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor (DLGNT) is unspecific. A timely diagnostic is difficult due to the presence of immune inflammation. An early diagnosis is essential to correct the treatment and reduce the volume of central nervous system damage. We would like to share the clinical case of child with DLGNT.


Photographs of a performance of The Magic Flute by the Salzburg Marionette Theater are accompanied by a short biography of Mozart, the story of the opera, and a history of the puppet theater.


Ove Hoegh-Guldberg and Hans Hoegh-Guldberg give the tourist icon 50 years to live, and count the ecological and economic costs.


The invention discloses a high-yield viticulture method. The high-yield viticulture method includes plowing a plurality of planting furrows in to-be-planted cultivated land, wherein planting areas are arranged among the planting furrows; applying fertilizer in the planting regions to form nutrient soil mixed layers; planting grape seedlings on the nutrient soil mixed layers; fully watering after planting, overlaying crop stalks and straw around the grape seedlings; firstly applying sprouting fertilizer 10-15 days before blooming, secondly applying fruit strengthening fertilizer at first intumescence stages of young fruits, and thirdly applying 20-30 kilograms of compound fertilizer and potassium sulfate per mu 3-5 days after falling of blossoms; organizing flower spikes and removing auxiliary spikes, and spraying urea and superphosphate onto surfaces of grape leaves for 3-5 days of each week; sleeving paper bags outside the fruit clusters during growth of grapes, wherein air holes are formed in bag bodies. The planting furrows are formed in the to-be-planted cultivated land, so that irrigation water can be arranged reasonably; the crop stalks and the straw are covered around the grape seedlings, so that soil temperature can be maintained and nutrition can be increased; the paper bags are sleeved outside the fruit clusters, so that worms and birds are prevented from eating the grapes and yield is guaranteed.


Speech enhancement (SE) that reduces the noise effect plays an important role in the current widespread audio applications such as speech recognition, speech-based information retrieval and voice control. Among the various speech enhancement techniques, denoising auto-encoder (DAE) employs the well-known deep learning process to learn the transformation from noisy data to the respective clean noise-free counterpart, and it has been shown to be very effective in reducing the noise component as well as introducing little speech distortion. In this paper, we primarily investigate the influence of the training data with different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for DAE in the corresponding SE capability. The major finding from our evaluation experiment is that the DAE trained via highSNR data provides significantly better improvement in speech quality for the noisy testing data over a wide range of noise levels, when compared with the DAE trained via either of multi-SNR data and matched-SNR data. This result somewhat disagrees with the common and instinctive sense that the model created with multi-SNR training data behaves well on average for the testing data at an arbitrary noise level, and the matched-condition model should give the optimal performance. However, we give the possible explanations about the above finding, and explore some advantages of using simply high-SNR training data to prepare the DAE for speech enhancement. These advantages include a smaller amount of training data being required, a simpler DAE structure with fewer hidden layers and higher adaptability to other noisy situations. 關鍵詞:語音強化、時頻圖、降噪自動編碼器。


The authors suggest a new object of research by universal evolutionism, in which complexity growth is exhibited. It is singularity of biosphere-social evolution, transition of the World System to a stabilization and its consequences. The authors aim: to present this object as the general factor, which sets a transformation direction of social system now; to supplement knowledge toolkit of auto-complexifying and self-upcoming systems; to imagine the strategy of the future attitudes of man with engineering. The authors suppose by an indirect complexity index of the World System the Earth population N, which depends on a level T of engineering development. I. Dyakonov has shown: in the last 120000 years in the history there were eight phase transitions (bifurcations). It is essential, that each phase of evolution is shorter previous almost in the same number of times. A moment t*, called by Dyakonov a singularity of the history therefore is inevitable, when the last phase duration works for zero. It means, that after a moment t*«2064 year in character of historical process the unprecedent changes are inevitable. A. Panov has proved: 19 phase transitions (bifurcations) to complexity increase on the Earth, including on 8 in the history, to the law satisfy. The authors mark, that the singularity is known in relativistic physics. In synergetics it name as a mode with a peaking: long duration quasistationary stage on start and superfast growth near to a final moment t*. The peaking is possible in opened nonlinear systems with strong positive feedback. The authors conclude 1: complexity growth in a system accelerates it evolution, sequentially reducing it characteristic stages. The authors analyse of demographic model by H. von Foerster et al., hypothesis by S. Kuznets, concept by M. Kremer, model by A.V. Korotaev et al. The analysis results in a conclusion 2: self-development mechanism of the World System is a mutual determination of auto-complexifying and self-development on a principle of a cyclical causality: N-—T. But for whose account the auto-complexifying is reproduced? The answer results in a conclusion 3: growth of complexity (N) leads out the World System from a mode of auto-complexifying (mode with a peaking) to stabilization (N^const), i.e. the complexity growth transforms the system in self-restricting. But by virtue of interdependence NT it threatens with stagnation of technological growth T. The authors discuss idea of a technological singularity, which J. von Neumann and St. Ulam, V. Vinge, R. Kurzweil and other put forward. And there conclusion 4 is suggested: techno-singularity is a probable mechanism of maintenance of knowledge (T) production in futurum, when the stabilization of the World System will set in. The conclusion 5: the techno-singularity versus the stabilization of the World System is a new theme. Developing it, the authors put forward a six hypothesises concerning the scripts of the future.


Process variations due to lens aberrations are to a large extent systematic, and can be modeled for purposes of analyses and optimizations in the design phase. Traditionally, variations induced by lens aberrations have been considered random due to their small extent. However, as process margins reduce, and as improvements in reticle enhancement techniques control variations due to other sources with increased efficacy, lens aberration-induced variations gain importance. For example, our experiments indicate that lens aberration can result in up to 8% variation in cell delay. In this paper, we propose an aberration-aware timing-driven analytical placement approach that accounts for aberration-induced variations during placement. Our approach minimizes the design's cycle time and prevents hold-time violations under systematic aberration-induced variations. On average, the proposed placement technique reduces cycle time by ~ 5% at the cost of ~ 2% increase in wire length


Research question: Is there an association between common socio – cultural variables and congenital malformation? Objectives: To determine the rate of congenital malformation at birth in hospital deliveries and its association with socio- cultural factors. Study design : Cross- sectional. Setting: J.N. Medical College Hospital and Mohanlal Gautam Rajkiya Hahila Chikitsalaya (District hospital), Aligarh. Participants: All newborn babies (including still births) delivered in the two hospitals and their mothers. Study variables: Social class, religion, consanguinity of marriage, age of mother, parity, urban rural status, history of viral illness, drug intake and tobacco use during pregnancy. Outcome variables: Congenital malformations at birth. Statistical analysis: Chi- square test. Results: The overall prevalence of congenital malformations was 2.8%, being 1.6% in live births and 15.6% in stillbirths. Social class, consanguinity of marriage, parity, urban or rural status and history of viral illness during pregnancy were significantly associated with the date of congenital malformation. Conclusion: Certain socio- cultural factors are associated with congenital malformations and can be used in screening during ante- natal period.


Whereas the topic of how anthropologists link intimate written information gathered in the field with public production of knowledge in academic format – the so-called "writing culture" (an expression originated in Clifford and Marcus 1986) –, seems all but exhausted today, little attention has historically been given to the place and goals of sketching as part of that meandering process. The present contribution discusses the ontological and social conditions for the production and reception of knowledge-in-the-field sketches, on drawing as practice and as materiality, and on its bordering with writing.


An investigation of the developmental capabilities of excised leaf primordial apices of set III frond primordia and set II cataphyll primordia of Osmunda cinnamomea L. in sterile culture is reported. Apices of set III-F under the influence of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% sucrose exhibited progressive increases in final leaf height, and those exposed to sucrose concentrations up to 10% showed progressive enhancement of pinna pair number. Apices of set II-C under the influence of 2% and 4% sucrose followed the same trend of set III-F apices exposed to 2% and 4% sucrose, but those exposed to the higher sucrose concentrations exhibited progressive inhibition of crozier development and reduced number of pinna pairs All apices failed to regenerate a sizable portion of the petiole None of the isolated apices developed into shoots, and none of the leaves produced sporangia These findings are discussed in relation to the known events of leaf development in cinnamon fern, and their application to problems of fern leaf carbohydrate nutrition, regeneration, and determination.


Introduction Magnetic fields are ubiquitous in the universe (Parker (1979); Zeldovich et al . (1983)). Their interaction with an electrically conducting fluid gives rise to a complex system–a magnetofluid-whose dynamics is quite distinct from that of either a non conducting fluid, or that of a magnetic field in a vacuum (Cowling (1976)). The scales of these interactions vary in nature from metres to megaparsecs and in most situations, the dissipative processes occur on small enough scales that the resulting flows are turbulent. The purpose of this review is to discuss a small fraction of what is currently known about the properties of these turbulent flows. We refer the reader to several recent reviews for a broader view of the field (Biskamp (2003); Galtier (2008, 2009); Lazarian (2006); Lazarian & Cho (2005); Muller & Busse (2007); Kulsrud & Zweibel (2008), Bigot et al . 2008, Sridhar 2010, Brandenburg & Nordlund 2010). The electrically conducting fluid most commonly found in nature is ionized gas, i.e. a plasma, and its description in terms of all its fundamental constituents is extremely complex (see e.g. Kulsrud (2005)). In many circumstances, however, these complexities can be neglected in favour of a simplified description in term of a single fluid interacting with a magnetic field. Formally, this approach is justifiable when the processes of interest occur on timescales long compared with the light-crossing time, and on spatial scales much larger that any characteristic plasma length.


Analysis of the brief history of the 18-year stay of the United States and NATO in Afghanistan shows that all threats (military- political related to drug trafficking, export of terrorism and Islamic fundamentalism) come from this country. Special attention should be paid to the processes taking place in this country and around it in the near future. Otherwise, the situation in the near future may radically change, unfortunately, first of all, to the disadvantage of the countries of the region and Russia.


ABSTRACT Background: Often, a principal's responsibilities include making decisions about the appropriateness of educational programmes to adopt in their school. Recommendations about programmes can be conflicting; so, a principal may need to search for evidence to inform their decision. Purpose: The purpose of this small-scale study was to clarify how school leaders search for, and use, evidence to inform programme adoption. We sought to answer three research questions: (1) how do principals search for evidence, (2) how do they use common sources and (3) what sources do they consider most useful? Sample: Twelve elementary school principals or vice-principals in Ontario, Canada participated in the study. Design and methods: In telephone interviews, the participants described how they would respond to a fictional decision-making scenario and rated different sources of evidence. Responses were analysed in depth, using a mixed-method approach, which involved coding principals' interview responses for themes and conducting a dual scaling analysis of their ratings of the usefulness of possible sources. Results: Principals report valuing formal sources of evidence such as reports and articles. However, in practise, findings indicated that they would turn to people first. Conclusions: School leaders prefer curated evidence from local educators to inform their decisions about the appropriateness of educational programmes for potential adoption.


Preface About the contents of this volume Introduction 1. Papers by Kolnai What is Politics About? A Note on the Meaning of Right and Wrong Erroneous Conscience Addendum to "Erroneous Conscience" Are There Degrees of Ethical Universality? The Concept of Practical Error Actions and Inactions Agency and Freedom The Indispensability of Philosophy 2. Papers about Kolnai's work (i) Introductory The Ethical Theories of Aurel Kolnai, John Beach Kolnai's Mature Political Philosophy, Lee Congdon (ii) Politics and Utopia The Democratic subversion of political Liberty and Participation, John P. Hittinger Liberty, Equality, Nobility: Aurel Kolnai and the Moral Foundations of Democracy, Daniel J. Mahoney Aurel Kolnai: A Political Philosopher Confronts the Scourge of our Epoch, Pierre Manent Aurel Kolnai and Utopia, David Wiggins (iii) Ethics Aims in Games and Moral Purposes, Lorand Ambrus-Lakatos Kolnai and Kant on (Human) Dignity, Zoltan Balazs Kolnai's Dissertation "Der ethische Wert und die Wirklichkeit": a "Completion" of Scheler's Value-Ethics, Francis Dunlop The Nature and Scope of Ordinary Morality: Some Reflections in the Spirit of Aurel Kolnai, M.W.F. Stone (iv) Feeling and Emotion Is Love Intertwined with Hatred?, Andreas Dorschel Kolnai's Idea of Emotional Presentation, Thomas Norgaard Aurel Kolnai's "Disgust": A Source in the Art and Writing of Salvador Dali, Robert Radford About the contributors to this volume Index.


Ofloxacin is a commonly used quinolone antibiotic both in adults as well as children. It is generally safe and well tolerated. Rarely, neurological and psychiatric adverse reactions are reported to occur with ofloxacin. We report a case of a child who developed delirium after ofloxacin treatment, that resolved after medication discontinuation and treatment with low dose olanzapine.


This research was supported by a grant AGL2009-06955 from 'Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion' of Spain, grant 219262 ArimNET_ERANET FP7 2012–2015 Project PESTOLIVE 'Contribution of olive history for the management of soilborne parasites in the Mediterranean basin' from Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), grant AGL2012-37521 from 'Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad' of Spain, grant AGR-136 from 'Consejeria de Economia, Innvovacion y Ciencia' from Junta de Andalucia, and the European Social Fund.


Recently, new interest in terrorism and psychological factors related to supporting the war on terrorism has been growing in the field of psychology. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of various socio-political attitudes on the level of agreement with military and humanitarian counterterrorism interventions. 270 Italian participants responded to a news article concerning measures against terrorism. Half of the participants read an article regarding a military intervention while the other half read about a humanitarian intervention. They then evaluated the other type of intervention. Results showed that military intervention was supported by people with high authoritarian, dominant, ethnocentric attitudes and by people who attach importance to both positive and negative reciprocity norms. Instead, none of these variables was correlated with humanitarian intervention. Finally, there was a considerable influence of media on the acceptance of both interventions.


This paper introduces the results of the development of a new mobile Digital DC-arc Welding Machine (DDWM). A simple PI controller is applied to the DDWM to control the output welding current tracking the constant setting current. Furthermore, a hot-start function, an anti-stuck function, a standby mode and an intelligential circuit breaker (ICB) are included in the DDWM. The DDWM increases welding quality and saves more power energy than a conventional welding machine. Because the DDWM is changed from ready mode into the standby mode automatically after 2 minutes interval from this unload start. Then the DDWM is changed into ready mode automatically since it is reused to weld. Mover, the DDWM increases welding quality, productivity and reduces costs of welding. So, the DDWM can have a great of contribution to the mobile welding industries. The effectiveness of the DDWM was proven by the experimental results and durable test.


The most prominent lyric words in Wen Tingjun's lyric poems are those describing women.He creates many different women images with precise gentle images,which established his position in lyric poems.His unique artistic charm is revealed by his image combination pattern and creative perspective so that the reader can see the women's living conditions and their emotional world at that time.


Fusaric acid-resistant regenerants were selected in vitro by using the tissue culture system of tomato. The callus tissues were induced from the leaf explants of tomato and subcultured in a MS (0.01mg/l IAA and 0.1mg/l BAP) medium. After incubation for two weeks, a lot of green spots were produced in the callus tissues. The tissues were cut into small callus clumps so as to contain one green spot and transferred to a MS medium (0.1mg/l IAA and 1.0mg/l BAP) containing 50μg/ml fusaric acid. Fusaric acid-resistant regenerants were effectively developed from enlarged green spots and rooted in a hormone-free MS medium. For examining the resistance in regenerants at one month after transplantation to soil, their upper branches were cut and dipped in the solution containing 300μg/ml fusaric acid. In the branches of regenerants grown in the absence of fusaric acid, the resistance was fully maintained and expressed.


The projectile-like fragments produced by 80.6 MeV ~(16)O on ~(27)Al were measured using the large area position sensitive ionization chamber. The energy spectra, angular distributions, contour plots of d~2σ/dΩdE in the E-θ plane of the reaction products from Li to Na and the Z-distribution were obtained. The cross sections of the quasi and deep inelastic scattering were introduced. A brief discussion of the experimental results is also given.


One aspect of the invention relates to a method for opening a side opening, closed pivot door of a motor vehicle from the inside. The vehicle includes a motorized door operating mechanism for opening the hinged door. According to the method occurs in response to an occupant-side first operating action to an initial opening of the closed pivot door without driving the swinging door by the door drive motor. After the initial opening of the hinged door is checked whether a second operating action of the occupant for further, the opening width of the opened swing door opening is present magnification of the swing door. In response to determining a second operating action, the swing gate is driven using the motor door drive for further opening of the door after the hinged door has been opened without initial drive of the swinging door by the door drive motor.


Prostate cancer is an androgen-dependent disease, and androgen blockade is the primary treatment for metastatic prostate cancer. However, the tumors become resistant within a relatively short time. The recurrent tumors, surprisingly, typically overexpress androgen receptor and a subset of androgen-regulated genes including prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The mechanism for this reactivation is unknown, but alternate therapies that target androgen receptor or other pathways are needed. There is good evidence that vitamin D reduces risk for prostate cancer. Increased exposure to sunlight (our primary source of vitamin D3) is correlated with a decreased incidence of prostate cancer. A more recent study comparing exposure to sunlight and vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms in advanced prostate cancer patients and controls showed that increased VDR activity decreased risk for prostate cancer. The active form of vitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, abbreviated 1,25(OH)2D, is produced by sequential hydroxylations of the 25 and 1 positions in vitamin D3. In a large study of nearly 20,000 men, the risk of subsequently developing a more aggressive form of prostate cancer was higher in men with low levels of 25(OH)D. Almost all prostate cancer cell lines and primary prostate cancer cells express VDR, and most are inhibited by 1,25(OH)2D. 4-6 1,25(OH)2D-mediated growth inhibition in various types of cancer has been associated with G0/G1 accumulation, 7-11 and, in some cases, with apoptosis. 1,25(OH)2D also reduces invasiveness of DU145 prostate cancer cells, and reduces expression of MMP-9 and cathepsins, proteases that facilitate motility and invasion. Although most prostate cancer cells contain VDR, the extent to which they are growth inhibited varies greatly. The androgen receptor-positive LNCaP cells are much more responsive than the androgen receptor-negative PC-3 or DU145 cells and somewhat more responsive than some other androgen receptor-positive cell lines such as LAPC-4 and 22RV1. A report by Zhao et al. showed that the growth-inhibitory effects of 1,25(OH)2D in the androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell line LNCaP were reduced by treatment with the androgen receptor antagonist Casodex, although Casodex has some growth inhibitory actions of its own. We sought to determine whether this response was a general phenomenon in prostate cancer cell lines, as well as to determine the basis for this differential action. We found that other cells derived from the LNCaP lineage showed the same response, but two other independently derived androgen receptor-containing cell lines (LAPC-4 and 22RV1) did not. Activation of a transiently transfected VDR-responsive reporter was unaffected by treatment with Casodex, so the effect was indirect. Although combined Casodex and 1,25(OH)2D treatment inhibits the growth of LNCaP cells to the same extent as Casodex alone, an examination of some of the effects of 1,25(OH)2D (down-regulation of bcl-2, down-regulation of c-myc, and Go/G1 arrest) revealed that each of these responses was only partially inhibited. The question arises as to whether antagonist-bound androgen receptor has a unique function. In androgenindependent C4-2 cells, a derivative of the androgendependent LNCaP cells, 1,25(OH)2D does inhibit the growth of the cells in medium depleted of androgens. However, this line exhibits some hormone-dependent androgen receptor activity, and PSA is expressed in the absence of androgens. Under these conditions, Casodex partially reverses the growth inhibition caused by 1,25(OH)2D, suggesting a unique function for the antagonist-bound receptor. In an analysis of 1,25(OH)2D action in LNCaP cells, we found that an androgen-induced gene that inhibits cell growth (AS3/APRIN) was also induced by 1,25(OH)2D. 16 Moreover, Casodex reduced induction by 1,25(OH)2D. In contrast, AS3 is not induced by either androgens or 1,25D in 22RV1 cells and there is no Casodex reversal of 1,25(OH)2D-mediated Dr. Weigel is with the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. Please address all correspondence to: Dr. Nancy Weigel, Professor, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Phone: 713-798-6234; Fax: 713790-1275; E-mail: email@example.com. doi: 10.1301/nr.2007.aug.S116–S117


In this paper, a study of ground and power bounce effect in small digital CMOS circuits is proposed. First, a simplified model of digital CMOS circuit and its operation are analyzed. Then, an analytical method for computing the ground and power bounce, based on differential equations, is detailed. Finally, the effect of ground and power bounce is studied through simulations in two different simulators - Pspice and Matlab.


We address the multicast problem in cognitive radio networks, where secondary users exploit channels temporarily unused by primary users (i.e., spectrum opportunities). The existence of a communication link between two secondary users depends not only on the transmission power of the secondary transmitter and the distance between these two users, but also on the occurrence of spectrum opportunities. This dependency on the occurrence of spectrum opportunities complicates the construction of an efficient multicast tree in cognitive radio networks. By taking into account this dependency, we propose a low-complexity approximation algorithm with bounded performance guarantee for constructing the minimum-energy multicast tree, which transforms the multicast problem into a directed Steiner tree problem. We also demonstrate this dependency by studying the impact of the traffic load of the primary network on the minimum-energy multicast tree.


Extended self-similar (ESS) process, as a generalized fractional Brownian motion (fBm) process, characterizes rough surfaces by a series of extended Hurst exponents instead of one single Hurst parameter that is used in the fBm process. So the ESS process is able to provide more clues about the local roughness of the surface at different scales. In this paper, the ESS process is applied to modelling the sea clutter frequency spectrum, for the reason that (a) for coherent radar, the signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR) can be promoted effectively by Fourier transform (namely in frequency domain); (b) through Fourier transform, the self-similarity in time domain can be held in frequency domain in statistical sense. Then based on X-band real sea clutter data, the extended self-similarity and the local roughness of the sea clutter frequency spectrum at different scales are analyzed. The results show that at some specific scales the extended Hurst exponents are sensitive to the existence of a target. And this sensitivity is propitious to promoting the performance of detecting weak moving target within sea clutter. (4 pages)


The effect of 5 actinomycete strains on growth of four mycorrhizal fungi of pine at different pH values was tested in laboratory media. Both inhibition and stimulation of growth was distinctly dependent upon the pH of the medium. In general the actinomycetes introduced to 7-days old fungal cultures more often stimulated than inhibited the fungi. This was not observed when the media were inoculated with both organisms simultaneously.


Abstract : We present information on timber harvesting and planting, federal timber assistance programs, and federal tax provisions that affect the industry. We were specifically asked to identify (1) timber harvesting, planting, and seeding levels from 1986-88, (2) available federal timber assistance programs and their costs over this period, (3) federal income tax provisions which apply to the timber industry, and (4) projections of future timber harvesting and employment both nationally and regionally over the next 50 years.


This chapter describes the ancient topography of Epicnemidian Locris, its frontiers, its total area in Antiquity. The largest polis of Epicnemidian Locris, Thronium, with perhaps c.142.664sq km, is comparable with Cleonae or Phlius in the Peloponnese or the medium-sized Boeotian poleis such as Haliartus, Coroneia, Copae or Lebadeia. The longitudinal or transverse valleys of Epicnemidian Locris enable us to differentiate a series of areas within the region into which topographical description is divided. To sum up, in the western part of Epicnemidian Locris, between the Middle Gate of Thermopylae and the left bank of the river Latzorema, are three settlements: Psylopyrgos/Alponus, Roumelio-Platanakos/Nicaea and Paliokastro Anavras. To deepen our knowledge of the size and distribution of the Epicnemidian settlements we can apply the models developed in the field of Spatial Archaeology to Epicnemidian Locris, in particular the nearest neighbour model . Keywords: Epicnemidian Locris; polis ; Thermopylae; Thronium; topography


Comparative literature is defined as an empiric discipline within literary studies that focuses on the comparison between a literature and other literature(s) or other forms of human expression. Nowadays, due to the clash between the two trends existing in the discipline —the historical and the theoretical ones—, comparative literature is immersed in a process of theoretical and practical renewal that forces the search for a new field of study and that directly affects its relation with the reception of literary texts and translation..


By writing a series of profound pieces after he found out that he had a terminal illness, Oliver Sacks, MD, the renowned neurologist and writer, taught us much about how to live and die.


Froom, P., Elmalah, I., Braester, A., Aghai, E. & Quitt, M. (2002) Clodronate in myelofibrosis: a case report. American Journal of Medical Sciences, 332, 115–116. Sivera, P., Cesano, L., Guerrasio, A., Camaschella, C. & Mazza, U. (1994) Clinical and haematological improvement induced by etidronate in a patient with idiopathic myelofibrosis and osteosclerosis. British Journal of Haematology, 86, 397–398.


A dry semipermeable membrane, which is adapted to separate solutes from solutions by reverse osmosis methods, is prepared by a process which comprises casting a film from a casting solution containing a cellulose derivative, a first additive, and a suitable amount of an organic compound with an organic solvent as the balance of the casting solution; evaporating a portion of said organic solvent from said cast film; dipping the partially evaporated film in water to extract the remainder of said organic solvent and drying the extracted film.


The article is devoted to a detailed analysis of the problem of designing graphic geoportal interfaces. The authors formulated the basic points for solving problems in this field, having given the rationale and detailed description of each of them. The emphasis is made on the flexible arrangement of the design and development of interfaces, aiming at the future realities, at the human centricity of the interface design process, at the need for cross-platform adaptive web interfaces, at the preference to use proprietary and third-party software modules over the implementation of spatial data management systems. Lists of basic functional and quality requirements for graphical interfaces of geoportals are given. The geoportal "Natural and cultural heritage of Mordovia" is presented as an illustrative example of the various implementation of graphical user web interfaces. An experimental assessment of the effectiveness of measures to improve geoportal graphical interfaces is given. It is shown that properly over-thought interfaces of geoportal systems can contribute to solving various kinds of problems in many fields.


An investigation on Power Quality Enhancement of Unity Power factor rectifier is sought in this paper. The rapid growth of non linear devices has resulted in degradation of power quality. On long run these distortions in low, medium and high power devices will be a matter of concern on our pace to a smart grid. The devices when connected to the distribution side can bring about distortions to input supply due to their non linearity. Active and passive power factor strategies exist in the current system. The Buck-Boost-Type rectifier in discontinuous mode and the effect of feedback on the Power Quality is dealt in this paper using simulation results. A hardware prototype with power factor correction has been implemented.


The issues about the characterization of rough surfaces are always of concern to tribologist. Because the statistical parameters used conventionally are not ideal to characterize rough surfaces, it is very necessary to investigate the new characterization methods and characterization parameters. In this paper, the fractal geometry is applied, and a roughness parameter called the characteristic fractal parameter τ* is put forth by combining fractal dimension D and scale coefficient C. Its definition, geometric meaning and mathematical express are given. Four surfaces with different roughness formed by turning, milling, grinding and sandpaper polishing machining are characterized with the characteristic fractal parameter τ*. And the results of characterizing these surfaces are compared with that of Ra . It is proved that the characteristic fractal parameter is not only more objective but also more sensitive to characterize rough surfaces than the conventional characterization parameter Ra .Copyright © 2005 by ASME


In this study we have obtained some sufficient conditions for the Taketa inequality namely dlðG Þ�j cdðGÞj for finite solvable groups G.


This study examines the rheological behavior of reconstituted spray-dried mucilage isolated from the cladodes of pitahaya (Hylocereus undatus), the effects of concentration and its relationship with physical properties were analyzed in reconstituted solutions. Drying process optimization was carried out through the surface response method, utilizing a factorial 23 design with three central points, in order to evaluate yield and rheological properties. The reconstituted mucilage exhibited non-Newtonian shear-thinning


A measurement of the cross section for the inclusive production of isolated prompt photons in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy {radical}(s)=7 TeV is presented. The measurement covers the pseudorapidity ranges |{eta}{sup {gamma}}|<1.37 and 1.52{<=}|{eta}{sup {gamma}}|<1.81 in the transverse energy range 15{<=}E{sub T}{sup {gamma}}<100 GeV. The results are based on an integrated luminosity of 880 nb{sup -1}, collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Photon candidates are identified by combining information from the calorimeters and from the inner tracker. Residual background in the selected sample is estimated from data based on the observed distribution of the transverse isolation energy in a narrow cone around the photon candidate. The results are compared to predictions from next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations.


This article presents strategy for navigation of a wheeled mobile robot in unstructured environments with obstacles. The vehicle has two wheels independently to control the angular velocity. This work deals with mobile robots modelling then control strategies and simulation results. Simulation results recommends fuzzy logic controller for the wheeled mobile robot motion in unstructured environments.


We consider the monomer-dimer surface reaction without surface diffusion for various dimer adsorption mechanisms, described below. After a dimer impinges ``end on`` at an empty site, its bottom atom remains there while its top atom searches {ital N}{ge}1 sites, either in a {ital local} neighborhood ({ital N}-local models), or {ital randomly} located on the surface ({ital N}-random models), to find a second empty site. If one is found, the dimer can then adsorb dissociatively. The {ital N}-local models have a reactive window of finite width in the relative impingement rates, bordered by poisoning transitions, whereas the {ital N}-random models exhibit true bistability. As {ital N} increases, the reactivity is either strictly or effectively confined to relative impingement rates close to the stoichiometric ratio. We precisely analyze the limiting behavior as {ital N}{r_arrow}{infinity}.


Detailed studies on Bursaphelenchus xylophilus are provided in this contribution. Comparative observations between field and cultured populations of this species demonstrated significant size differences: cultured specimens overall displayed larger size in all morphometric parameters. A principal component analysis (PCA) of the individuals undergoing moulting allowed their separation in four groups namely J2-J3, J3-J4, J4F-F, and J4M-M; gonad length mean values of these four groups made possible to distinguish the non-moulting groups J2, J3, J4F, J4M and adults. Seven Bursaphelenchus species (B. hellenicus, B. leoni, B. pinasteri, B. sexdentati, B. teratospicularis, B. tusciae and B. xylophilus), associated with Pinus pinaster in Portugal, were charaterized, including biometrical measurements and ratios as well excised spicules observed under SEM; furthermore, B. hellenicus, B. pinasteri, B. sexdentati, B. tusciae and B. xylophilus were characterised on the basis of their ITS-RFLP profiles. B. sexdentati and B. xylophilus were the only species found in high numbers in some of the samples.


Since its release in 1998, director Peter Weir's The Truman Show has been the focus of numerous studies. In this report, the film is uniquely placed within a perceptual media effects framework (predominantly citing Davison 1983, Neuwirth and Frederick 2002, and Leone, Peek, and Bissell 2006) so as to identify first, second, and third-person effects representations within its text. Consisting of both a written textual analysis as well as an audio supplement, the report identifies three subjects within The Truman Show: Truman, participants of the film's reality show, and said program's viewing audience. Ultimately, the report's written component provides scenic evidence arguing that Truman is representative of second-person effects traits, the reality show's participants display varied second and third-person traits, and the program's viewing audience represents second-person effects. Lyrically, the audio supplement is primarily told from Truman's perspective and is meant to be a reflexive piece that documents Truman's transition from a second-person to a first-person effect representative. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my gratitude for everyone involved in the conception and implementation of this project. Most notably included in this list are: Dr.


What I wÃ1⁄4l say now is to be understood of those women who, fleeing from the modest demeanor that is their obÃ1⁄4gation, Uve in ease, loosening the reigns of their nature so that it may run uncontrollably free; not of the prudent withdrawn ones, whose honor is their destiny and who have been the credit and glory of nations and monarchies. This presupposed, I agree with Saint Maximus that the wicked woman is the torment of the home, the destruction of man, distress for the tranquÃ1⁄4, captivity in Ufe, continual harm, voluntary war, a domesticated beast, poison disguised, and a necessary evÃ1⁄4.


It has been recognized for some time that primitive man's relationship to the world was somewhat different from our own. His relationship is usually referred to by us as one of "participation" since he apparently lacked the strong sense of personal identity which characterizes modem man, and saw himself as much more a part of the world around him. His sense of identity lay in his relationship to his gods as established through ritual, which is the essence of his religion and which is eventually systemized into what we recognize as myth. The importance of myth and ritual to the life of the primitive cannot be overstressed. Mircea Eliade states in Cosmos and History that, "among primitives, not only do rituals have their mythical model but any human act whatever acquires effectiveness to the extent to which it exactly repeats an act performed at the beginning of time by a god, a hero, or an ancestor."1 The primitive's sense of what is real and of his own identity were intimately associated with ritual. Eliade remarks that, "An object or an act becomes real only insofar as it imitates or repeats an archetype. Thus, reality is acquired solely through repetition or participation; everything which lacks an exemplary model is 'meaningless,' i.e., it lacks reality . . . he (the primitive) sees himself as real, i.e., as 'truly himself,' only, and precisely, insofar as he ceases to be so."2 The transitional nature of the medieval mind accounts at least in part for the peculiar mixture of myth, legend, and history in earlier English histories. Probably all of the romances as well as the histories have both mythical and modem elements since the very concepts of history and hterature as written expression require a degree of modem sensibility. One of the characteristics of the earliest hterature is a lack of interest in form as such. Since the myth is considered simply to be "true," to impose a form upon it would be, to the mind of the primitive, a violation of reality. It therefore follows that in primitive hterature there is much that we would


Density peaks clustering (DPC) is an efficient and effective algorithm due to its outstanding performance in discovering clusters with varying densities. However, the quality of this method is highly dependent on the cutoff distance. To improve the performance of DPC, the gravitation-based clustering (GDPC) algorithm is proposed. However, it cannot identify the clusters of varying densities. We developed a novel density peaks clustering algorithm based on the magnitude and direction of the resultant force acting on a data point (RFDPC). RFDPC is based on the idea that the resultant forces acting on the data points in the same cluster are more likely to point towards the cluster center. The cluster centers are selected based on the force directional factor and distance in the decision graph. Experimental results indicate superior performance of the proposed algorithm in detecting clusters of different densities, irregular shapes, and numbers of clusters.


This volume comes at a time of real energy surrounding Classical subjects and their place within UK education. The product of two Classics in Communities conferences, in 2013 and 2015 respectively, the book aims to be a practical toolkit to its reader; covering the full breadth of issues from education policy in various countries, to starting and running a successful Latin scheme in local schools, to online learning and digital resources. Yet its aims fall short of the mark in some respects, and the lack of a clear audience (is it for academics, teachers, 'non-specialist' teachers, students, everyone?) means that it struggles to find the right balance in the topics under discussion, even though the book is full of high-quality contributions. The varied content in the book has been arranged into three sections: 'Education Policy and the Effect on Provision', 'Finding and Taking the Opportunities to Deliver Classics for All' and 'Classics in the Future'. The initial chapters of the first section, by S. Hunt and E. Searle, set the tone for the book, providing a detailed overview of the political and practical changes to the subject within the UK education system (primary, secondary and, to a degree, HE). J. Bulwer, E. Matters and P. da Cunha Corrêa ensure the reader has a more global perspective, outlining the current situation for Classical subjects in Europe and internationally. Indeed, Hunt continues to provide a second highly informative and engaging chapter about Latin teaching in the US, where communicative approaches have flourished; in the position of student rather than teacher, Hunt discusses his experiences of this different pedagogical approach – a teaching style largely absent in the UK. Da Cunha Corrêa's discussion of a university outreach scheme in a Brazilian school is similarly useful, providing a grounding in an entirely different education system to that of the UK. It is this type of reflection that is the real strength of the book. In many chapters (though by no means all) we are not just hearing about an innovative project or a change in policy, but a detailed discussion of why it was introduced, the effects it had and the difficulties it faced: the authors embrace the opportunity this book has presented to reflect on their practice, project, experiences or ideas. The second section of the book, 'Finding and Taking the Opportunities to Deliver Classics for All', is about developing Classical subject provision in practice, with a range of projects under discussion. This section's great success is in having contributions from individuals outside of academia, providing a refreshing viewpoint that is all too frequently missing; though the section is not exclusively non-academic, it is the contributions by school teachers such as J. Maguire, O. Sanchez and R. Darby that shine here. Much of the content is perhaps what one would expect, setting up Latin or Classics in schools where it has not previously been offered, but it is their observations and (again) their reflective approach that elevate the discussion. This is not to dismiss the more traditional university outreach schemes that are presented in this section, which are interesting and challenging in their own right, but if sustainability is the key to developing Classical subjects in schools (which surely it must be), then it is the teachers' insights which are of most value. Furthermore, some key issues are raised by these contributors. Sanchez, in her case study on introducing Latin into her own school in Tower Hamlets, London, raises the THE CLASSICAL REVIEW 668


Nonlinear dynamical behavior of an ion with finite temperature in a driven plasma ion-sheath has been studied by a numerical solution of fluid equations. Using the concepts of the nonlinear dynamical system theory, the conditions under which the dynamical behavior of the ion becomes chaotic have been investigated. The numerical results have revealed that there is an order-chaos-order transition in the isothermal plasma ion-sheath due to the external oscillating electric field. In the case of an adiabatic ion-sheath, even with a strong external electric field, no chaotic motion has appeared.


The sharp division, not to say chaos, of opinion on whether the native English suffix -dom is dead or is active and freely available for forming nouns is illustrated by the following thirteen representative views, all but one of which are of the twentieth century.