Pathfinding approaches that work for console games fail to meet the challenges of online games due to the distinct requirements of online games. This paper proposes an implementable heuristic approach for online game pathfinding so as to increase the efficiency and overall performance of the game systems. With a distributed structure, the heuristic approach first pre-computes paths among non-overlapped polygons, stores them in a data management system, and then provides upon online request the paths between any points in the map by employing a dynamic reference point adjustment strategy.


The complex circumstellar environments associated with several of the most luminous cool supergiants provide evidence for episodic high mass loss events. The origin of the high mass loss is not understood but circumstantial evidence strongly suggests that large scale surface activity and magnetic fields are responsible. I briefly review the observational evidence from multi-epoch imaging and spectroscopy for the high mass loss events and instabilities in these stars. New results from high-resolution AO near and mid-IR imaging of VY CMa, IRC +10420 and μ Cep is also presented.


Dealing with irregular domains, graph signal processing (GSP) has attracted much attention especially in brain imaging analysis. Motor imagery tasks are extensively utilized in brain-computer interface (BCI) systems that perform classification using features extracted from Electroencephalogram signals. In this paper, a GSP-based approach is presented for two-class motor imagery tasks classification. The proposed method exploits simultaneous diagonalization of two matrices that quantify the covariance structure of graph spectral representation of data from each class, providing a discriminative subspace where distinctive features are extracted from the data. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated on Dataset IVa from BCI Competition III. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms two state-of-the-art alternative methods.


Recent studies show that adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells have potential clinical applications. However, the mechanism has not been fully elucidated yet. Here, we investigated the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor‐treated adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells infusion on a liver fibrosis rat model and elucidated the underlying mechanism.


Peak Discharge Dinamyc System (SDDP) is a program which apply to calculate peak of discharge a catchment area with area and rain fall intensity as parameters, with limited to maximal 50 km2 area and 100 mm/hour rain fall intensity. This program is develop by using System Dinamyc Stella version 9.0.2. Steps taken are, first by calculate runoff cooeficient use Bridge-Branch method and then calculate peak discharge with rational method. This program is tested on sub-catcment Makassar, East Jakarta and compare the result of the program with manual calculation, and concluded that no deviation between those 2 methods, and even more the SDDP program provide prediction of peak discharge with variable C value and data of calculation peak discharge with SDDP program presented in graphic and tabulation as well.


"In a culture where working hours consume most of the day, a new business model emerges and attempts to revolutionize the world of business, claiming to give a better life those willing to embrace the new model, the Multi-level marketing o best known as network marketing. This thesis seeks to analyze the new market model with all the flaws and benefits, focusing the analysis in the global company Nu Skin. All of this aiming to help those interested in the MLM companies, and to remove the blindfold given by such companies that publicly state that the ""Sponsor"" will work less an earn more than in a traditional working model. The thesis will seek to explain this phenomenon employing a descriptive investigation model, using interviews, polls, and theory to further explain the reality of the company."


As for the self-developed six speed dry dual clutch transmission(DDCT),the coordinating control strategy of engaging the target-gear clutch in advance to decrease the rotation difference between the synchronizer drive and driven part and the position servo control strategy of shifting fork shaft were proposed based on the particularity analysis in the pre-shift process,in order to improve the pre-shift quality of DCT.Firstly,the pre-shift process was subdivided,the shift resistance in pre-shift process of dry DCT was calculated,and the coordinating control strategy of engaging the target-gear clutch in advance to decrease the rotation difference between the synchronizer drive and driven part was proposed.Then,the control strategy based on fuzzy PID and target position closed-loop tracking of shifting fork shaft was proposed.Finally,the preshift process simulation model was built on the MATLAB/Simulink software platform and bench test was carried out.The results show that the proposed control strategy makes the pre-shift time decrease by 43% and the sliding friction work of synchronizer reduce by 85.34%,in contrast to the control strategy with no target-gear clutch engaging in advance.The pre-shift actuator can accurately track the target position of shifting fork shaft determined by the upper layer controlstrategy,which verifies the effectiveness of the upper layer control strategy.


The study of the effect of obstacles on flow and dispersion in the atmospheric boundary layer is one of the most important topics in atmospheric dispersion research. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods are increasingly used to predict concentration fields near buildings in an operational context, but extensive validations are still needed. In this paper, we analyse the effect on flow and dispersion due to the presence of a building array placed in the atmospheric boundary layer. The main aim is that of improving our current knowledge of the application of CFD methods to new case studies and contributing to the standardisation of CFD modelling practise in a wider context. Our analysis is based on the experience gained by the comparison of CFD numerical simulations, obtained with the commercial CFD model FLUENT, with wind tunnel data sets from the MUST experiment. INTRODUCTION Flow patterns around buildings have a strong influence on pollutant dispersion from sources placed within the urban area. The prediction of ground-level pollutant concentrations is important for the assessment of the impact of existing sources on people health and the environment. Traditionally, information about flow and pollutant concentrations has been obtained using field and wind tunnel experiments. In the MUST (Mock Urban Setting Test) (Yee, E. and C.A Biltoft, 2004) experiment, a large outdoor field study which has been reproduced in wind tunnel, it was attempted to simulate an urban boundary layer by the construction of a regular array of shipping containers in near-neutral atmospheric conditions. Recently, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has become an attractive tool to predict concentration fields near buildings, but at present there are not yet best-practice methodologies for using CFD as an operational tool. In this paper, we simulate the MUST experiment using the CFD code FLUENT (FLUENT 6.2, 2005). CFD simulations are performed using both the k–ε and the Reynolds-Stress turbulence models. The present work is part of our current research within the COST 732 Action (2005-2009), devoted to the study of the effect of obstacles on flow and dispersion in the real urban environment and to the standardization of CFD modelling practise for atmospheric applications. The work may be considered a verification of the efficiency of the Protocol and the Best Practice Guidelines (BPG) of the COST 732 Action and an assessment of their applicability. Here we present and discuss CFD simulations results for the mean velocity components and for turbulent kinetic energy using 0° and -45° approaching flow conditions. Pollutant dispersion results within the same array is presented and discussed in Di Sabatino, S. and R. Buccolieri (2007). METHODOLOGY Description of wind tunnel experiments (MUST) The wind tunnel data set used in this paper contains flow and dispersion data measured within an idealized urban roughness. The wind tunnel experimental setup originates from the Mock Urban Setting Test (MUST), an extensive field test carried out on a test site of the US Army in the Great Basin Desert in 2001. 120 standard size shipping containers were set up in a nearly regular array of 10 by 12 obstacles. The wind tunnel measurements within a scaled


Monitoring of the controlled parameters allows the owner of the management process of the information-educational system currency to identify, in a timely manner, existing deviations and take corrective actions to reduce the risk in performance quality. Firstly, why constant updating of the information-educational system is so important? Secondly, what is meant by information-educational system, and what quality indicators can describe it as effective and efficient? The paper has revealed one of the educational management approaches to the performance quality of information-educational system in the self-learning organizations. The information-educational system is viewed as a complex dynamic structure, hierarchically associated with various informational components and causal relationships, and interacting with a variety of internal and external components. Note that its main meaning is contained in the available content which should be adapted to the requirements of the environment. Therefore, updating of the information-educational system content can be monitored only through reference points which should be subject to control and monitoring. Hence we make the conclusion about the necessity to assess the quality of content for the complex dynamic system through identification of its reference points and substantiation of parameters of their variation. The paper suggests using a robust approach to identify the cost of quality of the information-educational system performance by introducing the concept of quality loss function. This approach includes methods of planning the experiment and is a fundamentally new tool to assess the opportunity for improving quality while reducing the cost of its assurance. The author has introduced the concept of robustness in relation to educational systems, describes the stages of designing information-educational system, and presents a model of robust design of its contents.


Due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) or COVID-19 pandemic, the education sector in Malaysia opted for the practice of online communication as a new norm. However, even during the pandemic, teachers in Malaysia are obliged to involve with professional development (henceforth, PD) activities for at least 42 hours annually. This article is prepared from a preliminary study to report the motivating factors and barriers on teachers' PD activities during Malaysia's Movement Control Order (henceforth, MCO). Also, this article studied the prevalence and trend of the teachers' online communication during the period. A survey was conducted as a pilot study on 35 teachers from Sri Laksamana Primary School (henceforth, SLPS) in Melaka. The data gained were analysed descriptively using the SPSS software. In general, the results indicate that teachers are motivated to involve with online PD activities by getting rewarded with annual performance evaluation marks, which is beneficial for their career mileage. Next, the most significant barrier for their online PD is time limitation due to other workloads. In conclusion, even though the teachers are well-accepting online PD activities, teachers should be given a higher portion of evaluation marks regarding their annual PD involvement than the current five per cent portion. Next, the school's administrators should act on teachers' work distribution issues that became the main challenge for effective online PD, thus creating a favourable working ecosystem.


This dissertation argues that satire, or more specifically "railing," provided the writers of the English Renaissance with a means of making epistemological change perceptible through poetry. Chapter 1 traces the beginnings of railing in John Skelton's satiric attacks on Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, arguing that the paradoxes and inconsistencies of Skelton's poems are an attempt to explore how the centralized Tudor state was turning reason into a decentralized political force that could both legitimize and resist the truth claims of the ruler. Chapter 2 examines the verse satires of John Donne, in which Christian figuralism allows Donne to see individual morality as something involved in larger social and economic forces. In "Satyre 3," railing becomes a way to articulate a problem that arises from the Christian-figural viewpoint: how can you discern the true religion if historical forces emanate from everything and everyone? Next I turn to Edmund Spenser, whose satiric poetry in The Shepheardes Calender, Mother Hubberds Tale, and The Faerie Queene interrogates the emerging gap between human thought and the natural world. Spenser uses the limitations of satire and complaint, with their focus on the world as it is, to gesture at a higher possibility for poetry that imagines how the world could or should be. The final chapter examines how Shakespeare's As You Like It expands on the socially transformative promise of art that Spenser depicts in The Faerie Queene. Jaques, the play's satirist, tries to use


Drawing from a set of 79 sheets of architectural and construction drawings of the Presidio St. Maria de Loreto Del Espirito Santo La Bahia project, showing perspective drawing.


molybdates Er3+/Yb3+ ions co-doped were obtained by hydrothermal synthesis, and self-supported luminescent films based on bacterial cellulose were prepared with these particles. Up-conversion process was observed and the materials were intended for studies at different temperatures.


This paper examines the need for comprehensive legislation for the EEZ which is consistent with the Law of the Sea Treaty and reviews a recent legislative proposal which addresses many of the problems associated with existing policies.


v List of Figures ix List of Tables x Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Larger Context 1 Local Context 12 Purpose Statement 15 Research Questions 16 Scope 18 Specialized Vocabulary 20 Limitations 21 Chapter 2: Literature Review 23 Theoretical Framework 25 Writing Theory 25 Skill Transfer 27 How Learning Happens 28 Themes from the Literature 29 Student Learning 29 Faculty's Role 33 Differing Contexts 34 Supporting Students 37 Areas of Weakness 38


Deep-water traction currents of internal-wave and internal-tide origin are well developed on modern sea floor. They can not only produce sedimentary structures of cm-size but also build large-scale sediment waves of km-size. Moreover, most of these sediment waves migrate upslope. In ancient stratigraphic record, small-scale sedimentation units of internal-wave and internal-tide origin have been recognized but large-scale sediment waves of internal-wave origin have not. Based on detailed studies, different kinds of internal-wave and internal-tide deposits have been recognized in the clastic rocks of the middle-upper Ordovician in the Central Tarim Basin. Four basic sedimentary microfacies and five identical successions of internal-wave and internal-tide deposits have been recognized and summarized. These microfacies are ⑴bi-directional cross-laminated very fine-grained sandstone microfacies, ⑵unidirectional cross-bedded and bi-directional cross-laminated medium- to fine-grained sandstone microfacies, ⑶alternating sandstone and mudstone microfacies, and ⑷oolitic limestone and sandy oolitic limestone microfacies. The vertical successions include ⑴symmetrical graded succession consisting entirely of cross-laminated sandstone, ⑵normal graded succession consisting of cross-laminated sandstone, ⑶normal graded succession consisting of medium scale cross-bedding and bi-directional cross- laminations, ⑷symmetrical graded-couplet succession, ⑸mudstone-oolitic limestone-mudstone succession. More importantly, based on detailed studies of seismic profiles, the authors discovered large-scare sediment waves of upslope migration developed in the continental slope facies of the middle-upper Ordovician. The characteristics of these sediment waves are similar to those of the sediment waves well developed on modern seafloor. According to the theory of internal wave, the origin of these sediment waves can be explained satisfactorily.


ABSTRACT Exploring new wild plant species of economic importance with tolerance to harsh environmental conditions in arid countries may be a viable option to improve forage yield. The present study was conducted during two consecutive years and aimed to investigate the nutritional values of eleven selected wild fodder species, six annuals, and five perennials. Detailed analyses of the nutritional values during two different seasons for perennials and two different growth stages for annuals are presented. The results showed that most studied plants have high nutritional values compared to earlier studies on taxonomically related species growing in different arid areas. The mean content of dry matter, ash, crude protein and lipids was 27, 13, 14, and 3.5%, respectively. Neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose were 44, 26.5, 6.2, 20.2, and 13.7%, respectively. The studied species showed means of 43 and 49% for in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) for perennials and annuals, respectively. In general, there were slight differences between the 2 years for both perennials and annual species and significant differences among different seasons for perennials and between growth stages for annuals. The study strongly recommends further detailed experimental studies on A. graecizans, Boerhavia diffusa and Cymbopogon schoenanthus, which showed more crude protein, a low fiber content and high IVDMD, as unconventional forage crops in arid lands.


Acknowledgments Introduction 1. What Difference Does Head Start Make? 2. Is Bilingual Education a Good Idea? 3. Does Class Size Matter? 4. Is Social Promotion a Problem? 5. Does More Money Make Schools Better? Conclusion Notes Suggested Readings Index


Speculativeness and instability of short-term capital flows would have an enormous impact on a country's financial stability and economic development. The paper summarizes the "push pull" impact of Chinese short-term capital flows mainly is: Domestic and foreign interest-rate spread, expected exchange rate, domestic capital market prices and domestic prices in commodity markets, and gains a profound economic analysis. The paper makes an empirical study on relationship between Chinese short-term capital flows and its impact factors with monthly data from January 2004 to March 2009, and we find that there is a positive correlation between the interest-rate spread, capital market prices, commodity market prices and short-term capital flows, and a negative correlation between the expected exchange rate and short-term capital flows; the expected exchange rate is the greatest contribution of short-term capital flows.


To the Editor. — I read with interest the Letter From Beijing by Dr Ma 1 entitled "One Child, One Family," published in the March 24/31 issue of JAMA . It put forth a convincing argument why it is essential for China to implement the one-child policy. But I am afraid that the Chinese phonetic translation used by the author for one child, one family, do sheng zi nu , is not exactly correct. Du (not do) sheng zi nu means "only son, only daughter," not "one child, one family." The Chinese phonetic translation for one child, one family is yi jia yi hai .


Background: This study examined the possibility of a linear, inverse association between physical activity and the number of self-reported cardiovascular comorbidities in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: The sample included 561 persons with MS who completed demographic, cardiovascular comorbidity, disability status, and physical activity self-report assessments, and then wore an accelerometer for 7 days. The data were analyzed using bivariate correlation and multiple linear regression analyses. Results: Bivariate correlation analysis indicated that there were statistically significant, inverse associations between the number of self-reported cardiovascular comorbidities and objectively measured (r = –0.192, p = 0.0001) and self-reported (r = –0.151, p = 0.0001) physical activity. The first multiple linear regression indicated that objectively measured physical activity was significantly associated with the number of self-reported cardiovascular comorbidities (B = –0.003, SE B = 0.001, β = –0.128), even after controlling for confounding variables. The second multiple linear regression indicated that self-reported physical activity, too, was significantly associated with the number of self-reported cardiovascular comorbidities (B = –0.011, SE B = 0.004, β = –0.114), even after controlling for confounding variables. Conclusion: Physical activity was associated with the number of self-reported cardiovascular comorbidities, independent of disability status and other possible confounding variables, in persons with MS.


There are many applications where high heat transfer removal rate in a limited tight space are required. The applications include mini and micro-scale channels flows in compact heat exchangers. The increase in heat transfer rate often requires the significant increase in fluid velocity and therefore the increase in the pumping power. One option is to utilize Phase Change Materials (PCM). This study contributes to the further understanding of performance enhancement of an improved heat transfer fluid by studying the optimal ratio of heat removal rate to the fluid pumping power. PCMs have the unique characteristics that can increase the thermal capacity of heat transfer fluids by providing latent heat capacity at a temperature different than the melting point of the carrier fluid. The ratio of heat transfer rate (Q) to fluid pumping power (P) is about twice as that for using pure water without PCM particles. The effectiveness factor (compared to water without PCM) is also doubled. It has been observed that as Re decreases the effective factor increases and Q/P ratio increases, which is also true if the concentration of PCM increases. In this experimental study focuses are on the heat transfer enhancement effects for very low Reynolds number (Re < 180 of pure water velocity) and PCM concentration slurry flow of 10% to 20%. Experimental investigations relevant to PCM slurry flows are carried out. Experimental results indicate that PCM slurry's heat transfer coefficient and apparent specific heat are affected significantly by the phase change process and the slurry mass fraction. It is found that the Q/P ratio primarily is a function of Reynolds number.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


The progress in aerospace field requires a new NiAl matrix composite that can stand against wear and decrease the energy dissipation through decreasing friction. In this study, the tribological behavior of NiAl–1.5 wt% graphene composite is investigated at room temperature under a constant load of 12 N and different sliding velocities. The results show that the friction coefficient and wear rate increase with increasing sliding velocity from 0.2 to 0.4 m/s due to the adhesion between the sliding bodies and tearing of the graphene layer. The friction coefficient and wear rate tend to decrease at a sliding velocity of 0.6 m/s as a result of severe plastic deformation and grain refinement of the worn surface. However, at 0.8 m/s the friction coefficient reaches a minimum value and the wear rate increases and changes the wear mechanism to fatigue wear. It can be concluded that various wear mechanisms lead to different tribological performance of NiAl–1.5 wt% graphene composite.


Objective Explore endoscopic surgery elder patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps of the operation and treatment experiences and curative effect. Methods 45 patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps in elderly patients with practice endoscopic sinus surgery and follow-up,Clinical analysis. Results Cure rate of 71. 1% ,improvement rate of 22. 2%. Conclusion Nasal endoscopic surgery for elder patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps is safe and effective.


There are two methods for Symplocos laurina propagation: clonal reproduction and sexual reproduction,which play significant roles in forest regeneration.Point pattern analysis,based on spatial mapped points of individuals' distribution,was employed to obtain spatial pattern of ramets and sexual seedlings of S. laurina in different habitats,as well as the relationship between them.The results showed that densities of ramets and sexual seedlings in different habitats had the same order,ie evergreen broadleaved forestsbamboo forests needle broadleaved forests.In habitats with abundant water and fertility and lower light,such as in an evergreen broadleaved forests or a bamboo forests;clonal ramets took advantage in terms of number and clonal propagation was dominant. In habitats with a lack of sufficient nutrition and with stronger sunshine,the densities of both ramets and sexual seedlings were high;and sexual seedlings had much more individuals than ramets.The seedlings of S.laurina clumped in bamboo forests and needle broadleaved forests.The distribution pattern varied with the increase of scale from clumping distribution to random distribution in an evergreen broadleaved forests.The relationship between ramets and sexual seedlings were almost significantly positively correlated with each other in bamboo forests and needle broadleaved forests.The relationship also changed with the increase of scale in an evergreen broadleaved forests,with positive association on the smaller scale,and negative association on a larger scale.This indicates that scale is an important factor in controlling the spatial distribution pattern of S.laurina seedlings.


A wide experimental program on different types (welded and bolted) of beam-to-column connections has been carried out at the Material and Structures Test Laboratory of the Instituto Superior Técnico of Lisbon The experimental tests have been performed on specimens representative of frame structure beam-to-column joints close to the ones typical of European design practice. In this paper the results obtained from the experimental tests on two alternative connection solutions, namely top and seat with web angle (TSW) and fully welded connections (WW), designed for the same beam-to-column joints are presented. Six experimental tests have been executed on six (three welded and three bolted) different series of specimens, for a total of 36 tests. The test program was planned with the aim of assessing the comparative behaviour of bolted and welded connections, and for defining the effect of the column size and of the PZ design on the behaviour of the two types of connection, varying the applied loading history. In addition the accuracy of the "component method" of the Eurocode 3 Annex J in predicting stiffness and strength of the connections is evaluated through the comparison with experimental monotonic results.


1 Why has Willard Motley become a forgotten man of American literature? His first novel, Knock on Any Door, appeared in 1947. A Chicago novel in the naturalistic tradition of Dreiser, Farrell, and Wright, Knock on Any Door tells the story of Nick Romano, "an altar boy at twelve...dead in the electric chair at twenty-one."[1] I It was an instant success. According to Robert E. Fleming, in the only book-length study of Motley to date, "Two weeks after publication, Knock on Any Door had sold forty-seven thousand copies; after two years, Appleton-Century reported three hundred fifty thousand copies in print" (Motley 61). In 1949, Knock on Any Door was made into a film staring Humphrey Bogart and John Derek. By the time of its seventeenth paperback printing, the novel could boast sales of 1,500,000 books. Motley's second novel, We Fished All Night, published in 1951, did not fare nearly so well. The critical consensus was that Motley "had spread himself too thin" (Fleming, "Motley" 118). We Fished All Night is indeed a sprawling, panoramic novel, not unlike Dos Passos's U.S.A in its attempt to explore all aspects of life in a post-war America. By concentrating on three characters rather than a single protagonist, as he had done in his first novel, Motley was able to write a novel that, as a document of the times, recommends itself in several ways: as one of the few American war novels to emphasize the life of the returning soldier; as a brilliant and detailed picture of machine politics in the Big City (again Chicago); as a discussion of post-War labor union agitation and Communism; as a depiction of the plight of minorities; and as a portrait of the frustrated artist. It may be true, as Fleming observes, that "he had taken up too many themes and thus had done justice to none" ("Motley" 118), and the novel is structurally flawed in many ways, but We Fished All Night nevertheless remains a novel waiting to be rediscovered. Despite the limited success of this novel, the author of a reference book on American writers could state as late as 1953 that Motley possessed a "household name" (Hughes 197). Motley was to publish only two more novels. Let No Man Write My Epitaph (1958) is a sequel to Knock on Any Door. It records the lives of Nick Romano's illegitimate son and younger brother following his execution. The novel expands Motley's view of the corrupting influences of the modern city, evident in the naturalistic tone of his first novel, by including a frank discussion of drug abuse. Let No Man Write My Epitaph, while not nearly the smash of Knock on Any Door, was successful enough to be filmed, with a cast that included James Darren, Shelley Winters, Burl Ives, and Ella Fitzgerald. Motley's final novel, published posthumously as Let Noon Be Fair in 1966, takes place in Mexico, Motley's adopted home, and portrays "the adverse effects America [has] had on Mexico," the ways in which "the United States is exploiting Mexico both economically and culturally" (Fleming, "Motley" 120). Let Noon Be Fair clearly shows Motley's desire to be a committed novelist, and while it thus looks back to his roots in the "proletarian writers of the thirties,"[2] it also looks far forward to a concern for the welfare of the third world that is still growing today. So why do these books go unread and unexamined? It could be because Motley is often a clumsy writer. Much of the criticism leveled at the loose construction of We Fished All Night is fury warranted, but then U.S.A. can hardly be called a "tightly-knit" work. It could also be because Motley, to his detriment, honed his style as well as his disposition on the works of Dreiser, Farren, and Wright. It could also be because he seems to have arrived after his proper time period, or because all four of his novels are massive volumes, thick with documentary, almost scientific, detail. I believe, however, that there is another, more deeply seated reason why Willard Motley is neglected, why he has not received the recognition that he deserves. …


Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria are biological agents that can suppress
plant disease development and growth promoter. The objective of this research
was to study of isolate Pseudomonads fluorecens who has the most excellent in
suppressing the development of chili plants to wilt disease and spur growth. This
research was conducted in the Laboratory Health Plant the Faculty of Agriculture
Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" East Java and in the Agricultural
Land Ketimang Village, Regency Wonoayu, District of Sidoarjo using
Randomized Block Design (RBD). This study is a factorial experiment (two
factors). The first factor is kinds isolate Pseudomonads fluorescens with four (4)
levels: Control / distilled water (P0), isolates Pf B (P1), isolates Pf 122 (P2) and
isolates Pf 160 (P3). The second factor is the concentrate with three (3) levels,
Concentration 1011(K1), Concentration 1010 (K2), and Concentration 109 (K3)
The results showed that treatment of Pf 160 is the most excellent in promoting
the growth of chili in the land, than suppressing the development of wilt disease,
followed Pf 122 and Pf B. Concentrasion 1011 best in spurring growth and yield of
chili plants in the land.
Keywords: Pseudomonas fluorescens, growth, concentration


Increasing the use of rail to move export and import containers within Australia has been a policy challenge for some time. In Sydney, this issue is particularly poignant with Port Botany sitting right next to the country's largest airport and less than 10 kms from the CBD. Most of the Port's container movements are by road so further contributing to the already significant levels of road congestion on the M5 and across the local suburbs. Rail moved 317,000 containers (as measured by TEU) in 2009/10, the largest number ever moved at the Port but its market share was a modest 19 per cent, down from a high of 25 per cent at the beginning of the decade. In 2010/11 mode share fell further to 14 per cent. This paper discusses the modelling of a charge on none rail containers as a possible policy solution. A Freight Infrastructure Charge (FIC) was proposed in the Brererton FIAB Board report (Freight Infrastructure Advisory Board) in 2005 and would be levied on import and export containers transported by road to and from the Port of Botany in Sydney. By raising the cost of using road relative to rail, a FIC could encourage more containers to be transported by rail. The revenue raised could be used to fund additional rail infrastructure thereby enabling rail to carry more freight. This paper presents a model that was developed in 2006 to predict the impact of a FIC. The model disaggregated the catchment of Port Botany into 21 zones. For each zone, the share of import and export containers using road and rail was estimated. For rail, the share using each intermodal terminal was also determined. Tariff data was used to develop a cost function for moving containers by road and rail. The cost function was used in a two stage logistic choice model. The first stage of the model attempted to explain the variation in intermodal terminal share. The results were then fed into the second stage of the model which explained the variation in the rail-road share across the zones. The estimated model was used to predict the impact of introducing a FIC set at various levels. To improve accuracy, the forecasting model pivoted off the base road and rail shares for each zone. The model also took into account the ability of rail to carry the additional traffic by calculating a set of inter-modal congestion costs. It was concluded that to achieve a target 40 per cent rail share in 2021, a FIC of $120 per TEU was needed.


The aim of this laboratory-based study is to report ICU-acquired candidemia incidence rate and the circulating Candida spp. in a university tertiary care hospital for the first time in Egypt. This study was conducted between January 2013 to December 2017 at the Ain Shams University Specialized Hospital located in Cairo. The incidence rate and species distribution as well as antifungal susceptibility testing of isolated Candida spp. against fluconazole, voriconazole, caspofungin, and micafungin were determined. During the study period, a total of 50 proven candidemia episodes were recorded. The incidence rate is 3.3 cases/1,000 ICU admission-year amounting to a burden of 33.33 cases/100,000 inhabitants-year (95% CI 32.97 – 33.70). Out of the 50 isolated Candida species, C. albicans accounted for (26%) while non-albicans species accounted for 74%. The rank order of Candida spp. isolated was C. krusei 14 (28%), C. albicans 13 (26%), C. parapsilosis 10 (20%), C. tropicalis 8 (16%), and C. glabrata 5 (10%). The antifungal susceptibility testing revealed that all isolated Candida spp. exhibited variable resistance rates to the four tested antifungal agents where low rates of resistant isolates were observed for caspofungin (24%) while the high rates were observed for fluconazole (50%). The results obtained indicated that the incidence rate of candidemia and the emergence ratio of non-albicans Candida spp. is the highest compared to neighboring countries in Middle East.


The outbreak of Covid-19 in late 2019 had a significant impact on all industries worldwide, including the construction business. This review paper aims to explore the impacts of Covid-19 on the construction business and to identify survival strategies for construction businesses during this pandemic. The study is based on selected articles to achieve its objectives. The review reveals several impacts of Covid-19 on the construction business survival, including financial difficulties, project delays, problems with material resources, and increased construction costs. To mitigate these impacts, several strategies have been identified that construction companies can adopt. These include adhering to guidelines from government authorities and the WHO, effective communication with customers, flexible human resource management, prioritizing technology, emphasizing health and safety aspects, being knowledgeable and prepared for the pandemic's impact, exploring new markets, and taking advantage of financial assistance provided by the government and banks. Ultimately, this study aims to provide beneficial insights to society, particularly for construction companies and researchers.


Two short presentations were made. The first was by Kelvin Harr of the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERl) on the use of heat flux transducers (HFTs) in the residential monitoring program. The second was by Mark Modera, for Joe Klems of Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, on the development of a largearea, high-sensitivity HFT for measuring heat flow through the walls in the Mobile Window Thermal Test facility, a room-sized portable calorimeter. The panel discussion was loosely based on the distributed problems and issues outlined in Table 1 of the Overview in this volume. Harr is managing a five-year monitoring program on passive solar-designed residences. The HFTs being used are from the Valley Research and Development Laboratory. Two hundred sensors were purchased at extra cost as a set with a uniform calibration constant. The laboratory used a guarded hot plate to calibrate. SERl has checked the calibration over time and found the sensors to be maintaining calibration. The HFT heat flux measurement compares favorably with that of several thermocouple rakes built into the wall. No systematic study has been done on the HFT or on its mounting on the wall. According to Modera's report, a large area (0.7 m^) for measuring 1 to 100 W/m^ has been designed, built, and calibrated with a guarded hot plate. The wall, ceiling, and floor area of a room-sized calorimeter will be covered with the sensors to measure heat flow. Fine resistance wires of Alloy 270 nickel are laid out on either side of a well-characterized thermal insulation fiberglass board. The electrical resistance of the wire is a function of the temperature. The resistance difference is accurately measured by a Wheatstone bridge driven with an A-C signal, which is synchronously detected. Compared with the thermopile, this method is more economical, noise immune, and insensitive to contact electromotive force. The sensitivity is on the order of 37 mV/W/m2.


Abstract Synthesis of dimeric substituted ester derivative of pyridinium salt with flexible linker units under conventional/silica supported approach. Solid-phase approach is much superior to the conventional method due to nontoxic, solvent free, easy work up procedure, and lesser reaction period. Synthesized dimeric ester derivative of pyridinium salts is showed excellent catalytic response for the preparation of oxizinone derivatives under conventional/approach. Graphical Abstract


This paper analyses the evolution of the carbonation depth on the basis of experimental results obtained from an extensive experimental campaign which was carried out on some already existing r.c. structures of an important Italian motorway infrastructure, such as viaducts, bridges, overpasses, tunnels and retaining walls. The experimental results have been compared with the theoretical ones to highlight the influence of the environment and the concrete quality of the concrete on carbonation


Technology Navigator is an online tool, developed by IEEE volunteers, which enables students, faculty and professionals in engineering and the sciences to discover engineering content and events relevant to them, including conferences, publications, standards, and published articles. Tags and related tags, often based on a shared "market language," are filtered across multiple disciplines and industry sectors. This provides "contextualized discovery" for users to chart their path through the overwhelming amount of resources available through IEEE Xplore. For experienced professionals and volunteers, the Technology Navigator tool is useful in discovering gaps and convergences in areas of interest, which were previously hidden in discipline silos. It also points out opportunities for collaboration in emerging and expanding areas. This paper examines the rationale for this tool and its usefulness to students and faculty in light of ABET 2000 engineering accreditation requirements. It also focuses on the challenges data population and maintenance by IEEE volunteers.


This paper mainly introduced the method of image identification by BP neural network,including the algorithm design and hidden node selection of BP neural network.The results show BP neural network with strong adaptability can identify the basic points of an image more accurately.


Blind), a book of short stories by Carlos Fuentes, I im mediately perceived the attractive influence that, in addition to delighting us with his stories, transmitted some thing that a newcomer seldom does: the yearning to write. My fa vorite story in that collection, "Un alma pura" (A Pure Soul), moved me and made me identify with the characters, con structed very consciously on the basis of the device of the word and the intimate, melancholy tone sometimes produc ed by a story narrated in the second person. Starting then, I became Fuentes at a Distance


As a result of studies carried out from 1987 to 1990 in the Roztocze Upland, the occurrence of 19 centipede species has been found. Among the most frequent and numerous species there were Lithobius mutabilis, Lithobius curtipes, Lithobius cyrtopus, Strigamia acuminata.


Synechococcus picocyanobacteria are ubiquitous and abundant photosynthetic organisms in the marine environment and contribute for an estimated 16% of the ocean net primary productivity. Their light-harvesting complexes, called phycobilisomes (PBS), are composed of a conserved allophycocyanin core from which radiates six to eight rods with variable phycobiliprotein and chromophore content. This variability allows Synechococcus to optimally exploit the wide variety of spectral niches existing in marine ecosystems. Seven distinct pigment types or subtypes have been identified so far in this taxon, based on the phycobiliprotein composition and/or the proportion of the different chromophores in PBS rods. Most genes involved in their biosynthesis and regulation are located in a dedicated genomic region called the PBS rod region. Here, we examined the variability of gene sequences and organization of this genomic region in a large set of sequenced isolates and natural populations of Synechococcus representative of all known pigment types. All regions start with a tRNA-PheGAA and some possess mobile elements including tyrosine recombinases, suggesting that their genomic plasticity relies on a tycheposon-like mechanism. Comparison of the phylogenies obtained for PBS and core genes revealed that the evolutionary history of PBS rod genes differs from the rest of the genome and is characterized by the co-existence of different alleles and frequent allelic exchange. We propose a scenario for the evolution of the different pigment types and highlight the importance of population-scale mechanisms in maintaining a wide diversity of pigment types in different Synechococcus lineages despite multiple speciation events.


A finite method analysis model is established for high speed grinding wheels by using APDL(ANSYS Parametric Design Language).The objective of optimum design is to minimize the difference value between the maximum circumferential stress component and the minimum circumferential stress component.The problem is performed on how to optimize the shape of the grinding wheel based on it.The optimized cross-sectional shape and stress distributions of the grinding wheel are obtained.As a result,both the maximum circumferential stress component and the range of circumferential stress components reduce greatly.


A new single element Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) with two ports is presented in this papers. By placing the two feeding plates perpendicular to each other, polarization diversity is employed using one common radiating plate with successful provision of two isolated feeding ports. Isolation between the two ports is achieved by introducing a slot on the ground plane. This single element PIFA can act as two separate antennas and covers the frequency band from 2.35 GHz to 2.80 GHz, therefore having applications in WLAN (2.45GHz) and LTE band (2.5 GHz -2.7GHz) for diversity and MIMO applications.


The estimation of losses caused by joule's effect in the power stage is an ineluctable step during the conception of a inverter. Indeed, this estimation permits us to better evaluate the switch's performances, well dimensioning the heat sink and to optimize the DC/AC inverter efficiency. In this paper, we propose then a modelization study of a DC/AC inverter power stage, as well as the realization of the inverter. In conclusion, we will present some experimental and simulation results. Mots cles: Pompage PV - Convertisseur DC/AC - IGBT - Moteur asynchrone - PWM - Microcontroleur.


Taking gold deposits of Paishanlou and Bamudi as examples this paper summarizes geological characteristics of the ductile shearing zone's mylonite type gold deposits in north margin of the North China platform as follows:(1)occurrence of the deposits in mobile belts at terrain boundaries where multi-tectonics took place;(2)gold concentration by ductile shearing with mineralization confined in mylonite and the gold deposit associated with the ductile sheared mylonite;(3)the auriferous laminar assemblages consisting of fine quartz and pyrite;(4)ore bodies occurring as lenses with the auriferous laminar assemblages conformable with the mylonitic foliation;(5)ore components appearing to be the products of recrystalization instead of the simply crack filling materials and indicating that the ore is the product of rejuvenated ductile shearing;(6)weak sericitization,chloritization and carbonation.Then the ore-searching directions are pointed out.


Forced marriage in the United States is a hidden issue for a growing number of children and young people. Being trapped in a marriage severely impacts a person's well‐being, with long‐term psychological and physical ramifications. Forced marriage increases the likelihood of domestic violence and sexual abuse, depriving victims of autonomy. To lessen the number of forced marriages, this Note proposes emulating a United Kingdom statute. The statute provides a comprehensive approach with tailored programs and services to serve the needs of victims of forced marriages. Adopting this statute will create uniform law, making forced marriages illegal federally.


The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between psychological contract breach as it is perceived by employees, the comprehensiveness of silence and the moderating effect that abusive supervision has on the relationship between psychological contract breach, silence, and indirectly on employee well-being. This study revealed support for the negative relationship between psychological contract breach and employee well-being. Quiescent silence was found to mediate the negative relationship between psychological contract breach and employee well-being. Abusive supervision was found to be a strengthening moderator in the negative relation between psychological contract breach and quiescent silence.


This paper presents a novel robotic arm system, named PAPRAS (Plug-And-Play Robotic Arm System). PAPRAS consists of a portable robotic arm(s), docking mount(s), and software architecture including a control system. By analyzing the target task spaces at home, the dimensions and configuration of PAPRAS are determined. PAPRAS's arm is light (less than 6kg) with an optimized 3D-printed structure, and it has a high payload (3kg) as a human-arm-sized manipulator. A locking mechanism is embedded in the structure for better portability and the 3D-printed docking mount can be installed easily. PAPRAS's software architecture is developed on an open-source framework and optimized for low-latency multiagent-based distributed manipulator control. A process to create new demonstrations is presented to show PAPRAS's ease of use and efficiency. In the paper, simulations and hardware experiments are presented in various demonstrations, including sink-to-dishwasher manipulation, coffee making, mobile manipulation on a quadruped, and suit-up demo to validate the hardware and software design.


Tomato is one of the most important vegetables grown for their edible fruits with abundant vitamins that are essential for human diet. The constraint posed by soils low fertility has been a major production challenge in the tropics. This limitation can be resolved by adequate fertilizer application which increases the yield of crops. Hence, this study sought to determine the influence of NPK 15:15:15 fertilizer rate on the growth and fruit yields of tomato. This study was established at the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (7° 15' N and 3° 25' E). A variety of tomato (BESKE) was raised in the nursery for five weeks before being transplanted into 15 kg bag of sterile soil with NPK (15:15:15) applied at different rates (60, 90 and 120 kg N/ha; 400, 600 and 800 kg/ha) 3 weeks after planting. Data collected was on plant height, number of leaves/plant, number of branches/plant, number of flowers/plant, fruit yield/ha and average fruit weight per hectare (ha). The data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using SAS edition 9.0 and significantly different means separated using LSD and Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) at a probability level of 5%. NPK 15:15:15 application at 60 kg N/ha is suitable for tomato (beske) production as it best influences the growth and yield parameters (fruit yield of 9.8 t/ha). A calibrated rate of 34.2 kg N/ha of NPK 15:15:15 with an estimated fruit yield of 11.2 t/ha is also recommended for further studies.


This paper considers an SEIS epidemic model that incorporates a varying total population size.Obtain the asymptotical stability and Hopf bifurcation and stability limit cycle,excess the chaos by the parameter's change and the effection to chaos area of susceptibles increase or decrease and computer simulation near the end of the paper.


In this study, a new method is developed for analysing rotor vibration due to harmonic excitation, in particular, to excitation with frequency multiple of rotational speed, with aim at a computer aided designing for unbalance vibration. vibration due to balls or blades passing. and so on. This new technique, developed by expaning the concept of quasi-modal transformation. is more applicable than the usual modal one. The quasi-modal transformation is characterized by mode synthesis of the following two mode shapes. One is a mode shape obtained by undamped critical speed analysis of rotor shafting restricted at its bearing points. The other is a deflection mode shape caused by forced displacement on the bearing points. Only this new method is effective especially to the analysis of harmonic vibration response of rotor with multi-level shafting. The effectiveness is demonstrated by a 3-disc rotor, and an X-ray tube unitincluding a casing.


Reinforcement learning guided with language instructions can potentially improve efficiency and better align with overall system design goals. This article introduces a hardware-friendly architecture for training reinforcement learning equipped with natural language instructions.


Four new species of black flies, Simulium (Gomphostilbia) leelabitense sp. nov., S. (G.) barioense sp. nov., S. (G.) pauhatense sp, nov., and S. {G.) charlesi sp, nov. are described from reared adult, pupal and mature larval specimens collected from Bario, Kelabit Highlands, Sarawak, Malaysia. Simulium (G.)parnhiyangum Takaoka and Sigit is recorded for the first time from Sarawak. It is striking that S. (G.) barioense sp. nov. has the greater and varied number of pupal gill filaments (16 in female and 13 in male) and the much shortened cocoon.


This is an investigation of certain socio-moral judgments held by adolescents with regard to property. Specifically it will be an attempt to see whether high school juniors differ in their judgments on the act of stealing from a large corporation and stealing from a private individual. Observations of the behavior of adults in our industrial society would seem to indicate that this is a problem of major concern. Industrial concerns report each year that tremendous quantities of goods mysteriously disappear from factories and cannot be accounted for. All around us former G.I.'s wear


The effect of various rare‐gas diluents on the operating parameters of the XeCl laser has been investigated. The laser was electron‐beam pumped at an excitation rate of ≊3 MW/cm3 and a pulse duration of 50 nsec. Contrary to previous results we found that the intrinsic efficiency, small‐signal gain, and absorption were independent of the rare‐gas diluent. The intrinsic efficiency was ≊ 4%, the small‐signal gain was 0.18 cm−1, and the absorption coefficient was between 0.04 and 0.05 cm−1. A saturation intensity of 3 MW/cm2 was obtained from a modified Rigrod analysis of the data.


Rapidly dissolving pharmaceutical dosage forms are prepd. by freezing an aq. soln. (I) contg. partially hydrolyzed gelatin or dextran, drug, and other adjuvants in a container jacketed with a cooling tube by introducing (I) as a small droplet into a cooling medium selected from trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, dichloromethane, diethylether or fluorotrichloronethane, which is inert and immiscible with (I) and also has higher density and lower freezing-point than (I), and freez-drying the frozen (I) to provide a network of the gelatin or dextran carrying the drug.


Septic shock is a leading cause of mortality in intensive care units, but can be difficult to distinguish from non-infectious conditions in critically ill patients admitted with clinical signs of acute inflammation. Procalcitonin (ProCT), the precursor of the hormone calcitonin, is composed of 116 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 13 kDa. In contrast to many pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 beta) that rise and decline in the early course of sepsis, serum ProCT is increased in patients with sepsis and those with systemic inflammation, correlates with the mortality and severity of illness, and remains elevated over a relatively long period of time. Hence, ProCT appears as an important marker of sepsis. In response to microbial infections, ProCT may play a causative role in the tissue damage because treatment with ProCT-neutralizing antiserum increases animal survival in the animal models of sepsis. Conversely, an anti-inflammatory effect of the ProCT has also been reported in humans stimulated with endotoxin. Awareness of the clinical effects of ProCT has led to increased interest in understanding its regulation and biological role. In this review, we first describe the biological characteristics of ProCT and then discuss its impact on the clinical medicine.


Abstract The role of pseudosymmetry for the spontaneous strain in tris-sarcosine calcium chloride (TSCC) crystals has been investigated through Mn++ EPR spectra as a function of temperature and externally applied uniaxial stress. The on-axis fine-structure splittings are a sensitive measure of the pseudosymmetry, and the spontaneous strain in improper ferroelastic TSCC crystals can be attributed to the anisotropic expansion or compression of the lattice. Although macroscopically insignificant, the off-axis splittings yielded evidence for a collective molecular mechanism to become significant toward higher temperatures. An anomaly was observed at To ≃ 10°C, indicating the lock-in transition of the modulated structure above this temperature. However, the lattice remained as paraelectric and ferroelastic throughout from the ferroelectric transition up to the decomposition temperature.


Disclosed a water-sensitive hot melt adhesive composition based on sulfonated branched copolyester polymers for use with articles such as paper products, disposable nonwoven products, tapes, labels and packaging materials. The adhesive composition includes about 10 % to about 90 %, by weight, of a sulfonated polyester copolymer or a blend of one or more sulfonated polyester polymers; about 0 % to about 80 %, by weight, of a tackifying resin; about 0 % to about 40 %, by weight, of a compatible plasticizer; about 5 % to about 50 % by weight of a polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight greater than 2000 and a melting point greater than 50 DEG C; and about 0 % to about 3 % by weight of one or more antioxidant. The adhesive maintains the article in an assembled condition by providing adequate adhesive bond strength during normal use, but dissolves in the presence of water thereby permitting the article to be recycled or otherwise disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner.


The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolism ofpurine nucleotides in developed resistance to narcotic effect of ethanol. Results: Resistance to narcotic effect of ethanol, developed within a seven-day alcoholization, is accompanied by activation of purine catabolism which is manifested by the increase of adenosine and uric acid levels as well as by the increase in activity rate of the basic adenosine-metabolizing enzymes (i.e. 5-nucleotidase and adenosinedeaminase) in the brain. This effect was more often observed in the structures of the brain cortex. Acute alcohol-induced effect leads to the decrease in adenosine level as well as the majority of its catabolites against the increase in concentrations ofpool of ADP+AMP and uric acid in the brain cortex structures of animals with no preliminary contact with ethanol. At the same time acute alcohol intoxication did not significantly change the level of the main metabolites of purine metabolism in the brain of rats stable to narcotic effect of ethanol. Conclusions: Resistance to hypnotic effect of ethanol, developed within a seven-day alcoholization, is accompanied by activation ofpurine catabolism and accumulation of adenosine in the cerebral cortex. The results obtained speak in favor of adaptive changes in metabolism ofpurines which take place along with the development of stability to narcotic effect of ethanol.


The development of digital technology in the industrial era 4.0 distorts tax cuts and collections in the e-commerce marketplace. This study provides an overview of conditions in the field of compliance and voluntary intentions of e-commerce marketplace platform providers and individuals and / or entities to register as PPN PMSE taxpayers and tax collectors. In addition, it can also find out a review of the juridical aspects of the applicable regulations if the taxpayer provides the domestic e-commerce marketplace platform application if it is determined as a PMSE VAT Collector. The method used is qualitative research using an ethnographic approach which is considered appropriate for social science research based on questionnaire data, interviews and other documentary data. The level of compliance of companies providing the e-commerce marketplace platform is divided 1) the level of compliance based on deductions, deposits and reporting related to corporate tax itself where there is an attempt to comply as a form of obligation of the taxpayer. 2) the level of compliance based on the voluntary intention to register to be appointed as a PPN PMSE collector, which is still very low. In the juridical aspect, it is only found that the additional obligation lies in the collection of PPN PMSE on intangible Taxable Goods or Taxable Services from outside the Customs area whose transactions are carried out within the Customs area.Keywords: Compliance; e-commerce marketplace; PPN; PMSE; Taxpayer


1 Determinant lines 1.1 (Fredholm operators). Let X, Y be real Banach spaces and denote their dual spaces by X * , Y *. A bounded linear operator D : X → Y is called Fredholm if it has a closed image and if its kernel and cokernel (the quotient space Y /im D) are finite dimensional. Equivalently, there exists a bounded linear operator T : Y → X such that the operators T D − id X and DT − id Y are compact. The Fredholm index of a Fredholm operator D : X → Y is the integer index(D) := dim(ker D) − dim(coker D). the space of Fredholm operators of index k. Thus F k (X, Y) is an open subset of L(X, Y) with respect to the norm topology and is invariant under addition of compact operators. If D ∈ F (X, Y) and T ∈ F (Y, Z) are Fredholm operators then index(T D) = index(T) + index(D). If D : X → Y is a bounded linear operator then D has a closed image if and only if its dual operator D


Previous research has found reduced mortality from aggravated assaults, attributed to medical care improvements. However, aggravated assault has limitations as a longitudinal measure of injuries from violence. The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) can address this by providing estimates of serious injuries from criminal victimization. Their lethality trend is not compatible with the previous finding across 1973 through 1999, remaining stable rather than falling. After 1999, both Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)-and NCVS-based measures indicate increases in lethality. The trend differences raise serious problems of data choice for the researcher.


cultural matters. His descriptive anecdotes are refreshing, whether drawn from personal observation or culled from a wide range of little-used sources. His decision to cover 2,000 years instead of just the fourteen centuries of Islam is refreshing as well, since it affords the space for a fuller delineation of the pre-Islamic period than is usually granted by general writers. One might similarly applaud his allocation of two-thirds of the book to the pre-Napoleonic period, reversing the common practice of Middle East textbook writers who burden the reader with disproportionate specificity when they reach the last two centuries. Though this is not a textbook in structure, it could be used as such in courses that do not depend on a text for painstaking political narrative. Withal, there are signs throughout that Bernard Lewis is, as should be expected, a man of his generation, notably in his use of catchphrases coined or favored by long-departed scholars: Vladimir Minorsky's "Iranian intermezzo," Adam Mez's "renaissance of Islam," Ahmad Amin's "dawn and noon of Islam," David Ayalon's "gunpowder empires." Phrases such as these were characteristic of a generation that strove to capture the pulse of Middle Eastern history through broad generalization rather than systematic theorizing. Prudently, Lewis eschews such usages in the modern period, where they so often embody tendentious opinions. Individual historians will, of course, question Lewis' choice of emphasis here and there. He is not really up to date in premodern social and economic history, but his coverage of matters pertaining to Russia and Islam's northern frontier is generous. He ponders relations between Europe and the Middle East extensively, but only summarily considers relations with lands to the south and east. He discusses colonialism with insight, but ignores entirely (and not too surprisingly) the "Orientalism" hypothesis. In these and a dozen other particulars, the choices he has made will not please everyone, but such choices must be made if a general history is to be kept within acceptable bounds. With respect to the Arab-Israeli conflict, readers who habitually associate Bernard Lewis's name with pro-Israeli positions might be surprised (and chastened) to read that in 1948 "great numbers of Palestinian Arabs in the Israeli-held areas fled or were driven from their homes" or that "the wars of 1948 and 1973 were unmistakably launched by the decision of Arab governments; those of 1956 and of 1982, by Israel . . . . As more information becomes available [about the war of 1967] . . . it seems that the participants were like characters in a Greek tragedy, in which at every stage the various actors had no choice but to take the next step on the push to war" (pp. 364—65). Judicious, sensible statements such as these reflect the conscientiously balanced, historiographical approach that is in evidence throughout the book. To be sure, readers who are familiar with Lewis's other writings will find certain favorite themes: ruminations on Ottoman decline, the three types of inequality characteristic of Judeo-Christian-Muslim religion, and so forth. But it would be disappointing not to find such things in a general work by one of the giants of Middle Eastern historical scholarship. This is, after all, not simply an excellent general history of the Middle East. It is Bernard Lewis's excellent general history of the Middle East.


This paper demonstrates by experiment and data analysis that polyolefine insulation may undergo re-cross-linking by small dose of electron irradiation. It also makes discussions on related issues concerning the irradiation process.


Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: In this study we examined whether highly proficient bilinguals with superior proficiency in L2 have higher anticipatory control in the oculomotor domain compared to low proficiency bilinguals. Design/methodology/approach: We examined this in a task that had no conflict and did not require inhibitory control for target discrimination. Participants were instructed to programme a saccade towards a target only when the colour of the starting circle changed from one colour to another. Therefore to be fast, as well as accurate, participants should have prepared saccades in anticipation of this task. The task was simple enough to extract anticipatory behaviour in the oculomotor domain. Data and analysis: Thirty high proficiency and thirty low proficiency Hindi–English bilinguals participated in this study. We calculated saccade latency and also the number of anticipatory saccades in an eye-tracking study. Apart from this we did regression analysis to examine if language proficiency predicted anticipatory control. Findings/conclusions: Highly proficient bilinguals were overall faster compared to the less proficient bilinguals. Additionally, highly proficient bilinguals also made a greater number of anticipatory saccades than the low proficiency group. L2 proficiency also significantly correlated with saccade latency as well as with the number of anticipatory saccades. These results thus demonstrate that higher proficiency in language use leads to better anticipatory control in the oculomotor domain. Originality: This is the first study that shows the effect of language proficiency on anticipatory control in the oculomotor domain. Significance/implications: The results have significance for theories related to bilingualism and its effects on action control.


A new type of Infrared Radiation Pyrometer using a fused fiber coupler is made, and its characteristics are investigated theoretically and experimentally. This pyrometer can be applied to measure the flush temperature of a small area on ceramics (PSZ) when it is irradiated with CO2 laser. In this pyrometer, the infrared rays radiated from the object are accepted by an optical fiber, and divided into two parts and transmitted to the two types of infrared detectors by a fused fiber coupler. The temperature is obtained by calculating the ratio of the output voltages from these two detectors. The characteristics of this pyrometer are as follows. It is possible to measure the temperature with controlling the disturbance of the emissivity. When the object has a surface of uniform temperature, the measuring temperature does not depend on the size of the object. In the case when the object has the distribution in temperature, it is possible to estimate the maximum temperature correctly from the experimental results


The numerical integration of the posterior in Bayesian analysis leads to a class of multivariate integration problems where the integrand has a dominant peak. As Monte-Carlo integration is inadequate, various techniques have been proposed in the literature, involving substantial reformulation with additional analysis, or transformations requiring additional problem parameters. We resort to a black-box approach provided by the ParInt multivariate integration package, which is layered over MPI to run on a distributed system, and utilizes adaptive task partitioning with load balancing to keep high-error subregions distributed over the processes. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated by detailed test results for Bayesian integrals arising as posterior expectations in linear modeling and for cross-classifications in medical data.


The well-being of people, industry and economy depends on reliable, sustainable and affordable energy. The analysis on energy consumption model, especially on electricity consumption model, plays an important role in providing guidance that makes energy system stable and economical. In this paper, clustering based on electricity consumption model is imposed to categorize consumers, and Sparse Principal Components Analysis (SPCA) is employed to analyse electricity consumption model for each group clustered. Experimental results show that our methods can automatically divide a day into peak times and off-peak times, so as to reveal in detail the electricity consumption model of different types of consumers. Additionally, we study the relationships between social background of consumers and their electricity consumption model. Our experimental results show that social background of consumers has impact on their consumption model, as expected, but cannot fully determine it.


In the text the author analyses the differing types of quantity control exercised over bus and coach operations. Whilst each system is classified as lying at or between the two extremes of either arbitrational or discriminatory and franchise control, the author maintains, I believe correctly, that the crucial issue is really protectionism versus market control. As a result the discussion concentrates on the issues of quantity control, since quality control was found, understandably, to be a more or less general feature of the international system (although the actual method of control varied considerably). The author highlights that a country/State's position between the two extremes is not fixed over time, and this leads to perhaps the most interesting discussion in the text, the way in which countries that have a predominantly franchise system (such as Switzerland) do not appear to be moving towards deregulation/privatisation as compared with movements in that direction by countries which had or have essentially arbitrational systems (such as the UK and USA). Notwithstanding the need to explain the origins of each licensing system within an historical context, the author gives a convincing explanation of the different attitudes towards deregulation throughout the world. By its nature The Country Bus is much more fun to read. Yet Regulation should not be dismissed as simply a first step towards a gazetteer of world licensing systems, since the discussion, even though I am not altogether convinced by its economic framework, does contribute significantly to our understanding of the diverse nature of bus operations worldwide. Corinne Mulley University of Newcastle upon Tyne


We study manifestations of the two mechanisms of lasing without inversion in the nonlinear dynamics of an inversionless double- scheme laser. We show that either of the two mechanisms can provide only continuous wave lasing whereas their coexistence and interplay cause both a Hopf bifurcation of the non-lasing regime and an instability of the continuous wave oscillation leading to multifarious nonlinear dynamics of such a laser.


The study analyzes the legal nature of the tsar's power as a result of a long civilizational and cultural genesis of the Russian statehood with its source and fundamental features. There are four of them: succession autocracy, legal unlimitedness, tsar's supremacy and sanctity. The study of the proposed problem takes into account the opinions of foreign and Russian authors, who laid the methodological foundations for the study of Russia as a kind of cultural and historical type with it own unique features. Each of these features describes the special aspects of tsar's power, preserving it as a whole, since the diminution of any of its properties leads to the loss of understanding the tsar's power as a legal phenomenon, significantly different from any other versions of the supreme power. The study involves many foreign and Russian authors, who formed the methodological basis of research in Russia as a kind of cultural and historical type, which has its own unique features that persist today.


.....:..,.. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION. CHAPTER 2 -FINITE MEMORY RECURSIVE SOLUTIONS FOR THE Equilibrium analysis of type Markov processes..................................... 6 2.1 State Space Expansions-Level Entrance Direction Information........... 6 2.2 Existence of Finite Memory Recursive .Solutions for the Equilibrium Probabilities................................... ..................................... .10 2.3 Resolution of an Associated Boundary Value Problem....................... 20 2.4 Relationship between Finite Memory Recursive Solutions and Matrix Geometric Solutions........................... .......................... ............. 28 2.5 Conclusions ............... ............................ ............... ................ 34 CHAPTER 3 -FINITE MEMORY RECURSIVE SOLUTIONS FOR THE TRANSIENT. ANALYSIS OF G/M/l TYPE MARKOV PROCESSES........ .........................35 3.1 Transient Analysis of G/M/l type Markov Processes ....... ................ ..35 3.2 Extensions to Level Dependent G/M/l type Markov Processes...........41 3.3 Numerical Considerations............. ........................................................ . 4 2 3.4 C one lus ions.............................................. ................... ............................ 46 CHAP PER 4 -FINITE MEMORY RECURSIVE SOLUTIONS FOR THE EQUILIBRIUM AND TRANSIENT ANALYSIS OF M/G/l TYPE MARKOV PROCESSES......... ............... .............47 4.1 Finite Memory Recursive Solutions for the Equilibrium and Transient Probability Distributions..................... ........................... ....... .47 4.2 Conclusions ........................................................ .................................. ....... 48 CHAPTER 5 -CONCLUSIONS.................. .......................... ........................ ...... 49 LIST OF REFERENCES 50


This paper proposes a technique, Apprentice, for constructing, incrementally and primarily passively, a knowledge base for operations automation. It blends machine learning and knowledge elicitation techniques similar to those recently proposed by the knowledge acquisition community. Apprentice allows operators to understand what an autonomous system is doing and why, and then repair or extend the underlying knowledge base as necessary to meet the wide range of operating conditions that characterize complex systems operations. The four phases of Apprentice's knowledge building technique are presented followed by a brief discussion of the advantages of this approach.


What the patient experiences is a central pillar of healthcare quality - but much needs to be done to bring it to the forefront of the agenda, writes Helen Mooney.


In this paper, we propose a mathematical model on deforestation due to human population using a system of stochastic difference equations. Then we include the control variable to the system of difference equations. First, we analyze the controllability of the proposed model. We can see that the desired objective can be achieved by manipulating the chosen control variables. And then we analyze that the model is controllable at the origin.


An expression was derived and a nomograph was produced for obtaining the uranium concentration of a uranyl nitrate solution directiy from a speciflc gravity reading made at temperatures of 10 to 50 deg C. The free acid content (normality) of the uranyl nitrate solution must also be known before the nomograph can be used. Data are presented of experimental determinations in order to compare the results obtained from the nomograph and the equations derived. (N.W.R.)


openly in the political process. In any case, defining women's place in Iranian society has been considered an urgent matter after the revolution and the formal socializing agents have been among the first to be controlled so as to adhere to the traditional orientation toward women. By examining the elementary school books which are prepared by the central ■ government, it is possible to see how far the values toward sex roles being pro pagated by the religious clergy have been formally transmitted to the generation of the revolution. Because the books are prepared and distributed by the central government and all students use the same books, it can be said that this is a study of formal sex role socialization patterns within the educational system for the whole Iranian society. The universe consisted of elementary school books for the first through the fifth grades, including books dealing with the Persian language, social sciences, religion and science. Art and mathe matics books were excluded because no sex roles were presented. The data were collected by means of content analysis of the roles being played by whom in the books and by comparing the role presented to a standard of traditional roles constructed from the responses of four judges who are Iranian family sociologists, two males and two females. The roles and activities were listed from both


Physicians' relationships with their patients can add meaning and a sense of perseverance to their work. However, the use of electronic health record systems (EHR) contributes to feelings of career burnout by inserting a technological barrier that stagnates the formation of physician-patient relationships. Cumbersome EHR designs can prevent efficient medical documentation and often structure clinical notes without the narrative quality that natural communication takes, which leads to an oversight in documenting potentially relevant social details. Narrative medicine, a model of medical communication that fosters empathetic and culturally competent relationships through critical self-reflection, can aid physicians in finding meaning in their daily clinical experiences. This project aims to perform a literature review over the use and implementation of narrative medicine in order to create a standardized definition that acknowledges the predominant differing views in the field. Clarifying the necessary components of narrative medicine will expedite its inclusion in standard medical practices. Furthermore, the standardized definition can be used to inform potential EHR design changes and future training to incorporate narrative medicine into daily medical practice. These changes will include updates to current free-text abilities and novel discussion questions designed to help physicians engage patients in discussion and reflect on their clinical experience. Any design suggestions will take into account the efficiency of documentation and subsequent financial implications. Continued study in healthcare communication and documentation will ensure that patients are receiving a high quality of care while maintaining physician well-being and lowering rates of career burnout.


This paper introduces a new approach of an electronic cane for navigation through the environment, using only vision system to help the blind people. By computing weights between already stored images and the real scene of the environment. The system gives advices for the blind person to select the right direction. This advice depends on a weighted topological map in the form of an appearance graph. Navigation on this graph involves Importance value from one node to other until the goal node is reached. Where a mono camera cane-held gives information in front of the blind person. The system will give a wide range indoor navigation and may be used to outdoor navigation. The identification of different scenes to the blind person has done with in a session. These sessions divide the image database into parts like bedroom, corridor,….etc. The proposed scheme employs SIFT features to represent scene containing many objects in the environment.


The novel method of observation and controlling of Bose-Einstein condensation in the system of spatially and momentum-space indirect excitons in coupled quantum wells using in-plane magnetic and normal electric fields is proposed. Fields are used for exciton dispersion engeneering. In the presence of in-plane magnetic field ground state of spatially indirect exciton becomes also indirect in the momentum space. Manipulation of electric field magnitude is used for tuning to resonance of transition of "dark" long-life spatially and momentum-space indirect exciton in condensate into spatially and momentum-space direct exciton in radiative zone, with phonon creation, and with subsequent recombination of the direct exciton in radiative zone. Recombination rate of indirect excitons in condensate according to proposed scheme sharply rises at resonance. As a result besides enhanced spectral narrow photoluminescence connected with recombination of direct exciton in radiative zone with specific angular dependence, almost monochromatic and unidirectional beam of phonons appears. An opportunity of obtaining of "phonon laser" radiation on the basis of this effect in considered.


The article reflects on Aristotle's Poetics, 4.1448 b4-19. It examines how the definition of man as a mimetic animal (b5-9) is underestimated in educational praxis, and then, according to Aristotle, points to mimesis as the core of the understanding/learning processes. Arguing a revaluation of mimesis as necessary to educational praxis, the article presents a project delivered through this principle in a multi-ethnic school context.


Spot blotch and common root rot, caused by the fungal pathogen Cochliobolus sativus, are important barley diseases in many production areas of the world. The interrelationship between these two diseases was investigated in a series of controlled environment studies. Strong correlations were detected for barley reactions to both diseases. Large differences in disease reactions were observed among genotypes for each disease. No genotype was immune to both diseases, but the genotype WI 2291 was universally susceptible. Our results suggest that resistance to C. sativus in the subcrown internodes and leaves involve similar defence mechanisms. Such information would be useful to plant breeders because testing for spot blotch reaction requires less time than screening for common root rot resistance.


Experimental results obtained from two years study(1999~2000) revealed that the introduced silage maize cultivars (Keduo No.4 and Keduo No.8) appeared a good adaptation to oasis in Jingtai county, Gansu province, The fresh yield was 139 125 kg/hm~2 for Keduo No. 4 and 127 200 kg/hm~2 for Keduo No. 8 respectively. It is concluded that these two cultivars could be extended into practice based on their high production potentiaL and fine quality.


Amidoxime functionalized hydroxyapatite (HAP) composites were prepared and characterized by means of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. The adsorption characteristics of the adsorbent on uranyl ions were studied, and the effects of solid–liquid ratio, pH value, ionic strength, temperature, equilibrium time and other factors on the adsorption process were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, the adsorption capacity of the modified HAP material can reach 889.7 mg/g. The adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics data show that the adsorption of U(VI) by amidoxime (AO) functionalized hydroxyapatite is a spontaneous exothermic process, and the adsorption equilibrium can be reached within 30 min, which is in line with the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model. AO-co-HAP has a very good selectivity for U(VI). The desorption rate of U(VI) can reach 97.88% in 0.15 M acid solution. Compared with the traditional separation method, this adsorbent has a wider range of raw materials and a lower cost of waste liquid treatment, so it has an excellent practical application value.


We report muon spin relaxation $(\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{SR})$ and magnetization measurements, together with synthesis and characterization, of the Li-intercalated layered superconductors ${\mathrm{Li}}_{x}\mathrm{HfNCl}$ and ${\mathrm{Li}}_{x}\mathrm{ZrNCl}$ with/without cointercalation of THF (tetrahydrofuran) or propylene carbonate. The three-dimensional superfluid density ${n}_{s}{/m}^{*}$ (superconducting carrier density/effective mass) as well as the two-dimensional superfluid density ${n}_{s2\mathrm{D}}{/m}_{\mathrm{ab}}^{*}$ [two-dimensional (2D) area density of superconducting carriers/ab-plane effective mass] have been derived from the $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{SR}$ results of the magnetic-field penetration depth ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathrm{ab}}$ observed with external magnetic field applied perpendicular to the 2D honeycomb layer of HfN/ZrN. In a plot of ${T}_{c}$ versus ${n}_{s2\mathrm{D}}{/m}_{\mathrm{ab}}^{*},$ most of the results lie close to the linear relationship found for underdoped high-${T}_{c}$ cuprate (HTSC) and layered organic BEDT (bis(ethylenedithio)) superconductors. In ${\mathrm{Li}}_{x}\mathrm{ZrNCl}$ without THF intercalation, the superfluid density and ${T}_{c}$ for $x=0.17$ and 0.4 do not show much difference, reminiscent of $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{SR}$ results for some overdoped HTSC systems. Together with the absence of dependence of ${T}_{c}$ on average interlayer distance among ZrN/HfN layers, these results suggest that the 2D superfluid density ${n}_{s2\mathrm{D}}{/m}_{\mathrm{ab}}^{*}$ is a dominant determining factor for ${T}_{c}$ in the intercalated nitride-chloride systems. We also report $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{SR}$ and magnetization results on depinning of flux vortices, and the magnetization results for the upper critical field ${H}_{c2}$ and the penetration depth $\ensuremath{\lambda}.$ A reasonable agreement was obtained between $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{SR}$ and magnetization estimates of $\ensuremath{\lambda}.$ We discuss the two-dimensional nature of superconductivity in the nitride-chloride systems based on these results.


In the present study, we computationally investigate the splitting of CO2 to carbon monoxide and oxygen in an atmospheric pressure microwave (MW) plasma torch. We demonstrate different stages of CO2 conversion while using 2D and 1D models. For both models, we use identical sets of chemical reactions, cross sections, power profiles and dimensions of the plasma region. Based on the real MW plasma torch device, we first constructed two-dimensional geometry and obtained results using the 2D model. Then, the 1D plug-flow model was employed. With 1D model we expected to obtain the results close to those we already had from the 2D approach. However, we revealed that the gas temperature and plasma species behaviour in 1D model was quite different from those obtained with the 2D code. We revisited the 2D results and found that the reverse (upstream) gas flow near the central electrode was responsible for the observed discrepancies. In 2D model, the residence time of a certain portion of gas was much longer. When the flow rate in 1D model was adjusted, the reasonable agreement between both models was achieved.


Seven first row transition metals were deposited on various commercial TiO2, SiO2, and Al2O3 supports to create monoand bimetallic catalysts that were compared in the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide using ammonia at low temperatures ranging from 373-523 K. The catalyst with the highest activity both in the absence and presence of water in the feed was 20 wt.% Mn/Hombikat TiO2 synthesized from a nitrate precursor and calcined below 673 K. Under those conditions, it was capable of achieving 100% NO conversion at 393 K. Numerous surface characterization techniques were used to identify the surface properties that result in highly active and selective low temperature SCR catalysts. The deposition of manganese as MnO2, the ease of reducibility of the metal oxide, and the symmetric deformation of ammonia coordinated to Lewis acid sites at 1167 cm, were all found to be important for good catalytic performance. No synergistic effects were observed from combinations of the three most active transition metals. However, MnOx-NiO/TiO2 had an extended lifetime relative to MnOx/TiO2 in feeds containing SO2. The extensive data collected from in-situ FTIR experiments in the presence of NO and NH3 were used to propose a reaction mechanism for MnOx/TiO2 that begins with the coordination of NH3 over Mn +4 species and proceeds through the formation of bridged nitrates. A combination of potentiometric titrations and UV/Vis spectroscopy were used to quantify the reduction of V to V after the addition of oxalic acid as the solution is aged. After approximately four hours, the aging vanadium oxalate solution reaches steady state, and the final distribution of the vanadium present is 89% V and 11% V. TiO2 supported monolayer catalysts synthesized from the aged (V) vanadium oxalate solution consistently outperformed catalysts made from freshly prepared (V) vanadium oxalate solutions. Surface characterization revealed that surface acid sites increase in strength and vanadia reduces more easily in catalysts synthesized from aged vanadium oxalate solutions, which enhances reaction mechanism depends upon acid sites and redox operation.


CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) have been shown to effectively prevent graft versus host disease (GvHD) when adoptively transferred in murine models of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and phase I/II clinical trials. Critical limitations to the clinical application of Treg are the paucity of cells and limited knowledge of the mechanism(s) of in vivo function. In physiologic conditions Treg regulate immune responses during inflammation. We hypothesized that inflammatory conditions in GvHD modify Treg characteristics and function. To test this hypothesis, we primed Treg with irradiated (3000 cGy) peripheral blood from acute GvHD (aGvHD) affected mice for 20-24 hours and then transferred these cells in a mouse model of GvHD where allogeneic T cell depleted bone marrow (TCD BM) from C57BL/6 mice was transplanted into lethally irradiated (8 Gy) BALB/c recipients together with 7.5x105 to 1x106 /animal donor derived conventional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (Tcon). C57BL/6 Treg primed with irradiated aGvHD peripheral blood were injected at day 0 after HCT for preventing GvHD or at day +7 or +8 as GvHD treatment. Their adoptive transfer resulted in improved survival in comparison to unprimed natural occurring Treg when used for both GvHD prevention (p=0.01) and treatment (p=0.04). Moreover treatment with irradiated aGvHD peripheral blood-primed Treg did not impact graft versus tumor effects in a mouse model of T cell mediated tumor killing. BLI demonstrated that injected allogeneic Tcon completely cleared previously infused luc+ A20 tumor cells even in the presence of primed Treg (primed Treg + Tcon + A20 vs A20 alone p 0.05) demonstrating that serum from aGvHD animals is required for Treg priming and function. We further tested the ability of several inflammatory cytokines that are normally secreted during GvHD such as IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-12 and TNFα to induce similar in vitro Treg activation. We found that TNFɑ selectively activated Treg without impacting CD4+ FoxP3- T cells. TNFɑ-primed Treg have increased expression of activation markers such as CD69 (p In summary, our study demonstrates that Treg respond to TNFɑ acquiring an activated status resulting in increased function. As TNFɑ is produced by several immune cells during inflammation, our work elucidates aspects of the physiologic mechanisms of Treg function. Furthermore TNFɑ priming of Treg in vitro provides a new tool to optimize Treg cellular therapies also allowing for the use of a reduced cell number for GvHD prevention and treatment. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Preface Introduction: Islam in the Middle Eastern Studies: Muslims and Minorities 1. Sufism and Foreign Rule in Africa: Politics and Piety 2. The Andijan Uprising Reconsidered 3. Faction Struggles among the Bukharan Ulama during the Colonial, the Revolutionary and the Early Soviet period (1868-1929): A Paradigm for History Writing? 4. "Majorities" and "Monorities" in Modern South Asian Islam: A Historian's Perspective 5. The Politics in a Partition riot: Calcutta in August 1946 6. Muslims in Western Europe: Socio-historical Developments and Trends 7. Comment 1: Symbiosis and Conflict: Reflections on Andalusi History and Historiography 8. Comment 2: A Discussion including the Middle East


ABSTRACT Lung cancer has traditionally been classified based on tumor histology. However, with the advent of targeted therapies, the utility of this classification scheme in guiding clinical decisions is limited. Several studies have consistently highlighted the molecular heterogeneity underlying lung cancers. Using gene-expression data, investigators have classified adenocarcinomas (LUAD) into "bronchoid", "squamoid", and "magnoid" subtypes, and squamous cell cancers (SQCC) into "primitive", "classical", "secretory", and "basal" subtypes. Further, next-generation sequencing data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), have confirmed the reproducibility of these subtypes, and have also facilitated a study of the mutational, gene copy-number, and epigenetic features underlying these tumors. Similarly, it has also shown large cell lung cancer can be subdivided based on the molecular features. It is conceivable that classifying cancers based on common transcriptional features and biological themes identify may identify subgroups of patients at risk for recurrence following surgical resection. Disclosure: R. Govindan: Consultant for: Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, Merck, Bayer, Covidien, Bristol Myers-Squibb, Genentech (Roche), Mallinckrodt Honoraria received. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


[PROBLEMS] The optical axis adjustment is easy and also provide a light emitting device and its manufacturing method which can be suitably performed. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS light emitting unit has a first base 6 and a second substrate positioned between the (7), wherein the first substrate and the second substrate, one is a convex curved top, the other is formed of a depression-like is configured with a slope adjustment element 27 and the light emitting element (9). The second light emitting device by the base 7 of the front side (7c), the support surface of the first fixed portion 34 is in contact with the (5a) is located fixed to the adjustment with respect to the support surface, the tilt adjustment section (27) has a second fixing portion 29 is fixed to the adjustment of the inclination (9) is formed. The second substrate 7 is here formed of a light-transmitting material, and the first fixing portion 34 and the second fixed portion 29 is fixed by the light having transmitted through the second substrate (7).


A method of isolation of crystalline inclusions of plant cells is described. The crystals consist mainly of calcium oxalate in plants grown under normal conditions, but when calcium is replaced by magnesium, barium, or strontium in the culture solution these elements substitute for calcium in the crystals ; even under normal conditions magnesium occurs in the crystals to the extent of about 2 per cent. The crystal morphology varies in the species examined from raphides to complex conglomerates and X-ray diffraction demonstrates an association of raphides with calcium oxalate monohydrate whilst other solitary forms and conglomerates are associated with calcium oxalate 2*25H20. On this basis the species examined can be divided into three groups.


Purpose – Understanding one's decision-making style is crucial for administrators to build their effective administration, problem-solving in various situations, and to know the gears of their decision-making engine to navigate the complex road of organizational challenges and opportunities.
Design/Methodology/Approach – The authors received 189 valid questionnaires from healthcare and agricultural administrators, working in their respective healthcare and agricultural institutions in Jammu & Kashmir, India, which were then put to statistical analysis by employing quantitative descriptive survey approach, using SPSS 26.0.
Findings – Results imply versatility among healthcare and agricultural administrators in their decision-making styles in different contexts. Also, significant variations on such styles between the two groups of administrators were found to exist.
Practical Implications – The outcomes of the study will not only ensure a match between an administrator's cognitive functioning and the characteristics of their work but also raise their awareness of their decision-making style (DMS). This self-awareness will enable them to evaluate the practicality of their DMS to take precautionary measures when their style may not be the most suitable for a given situation.
Originality /Value – Decision-making is one of the most critical duties of an effective administrator, however, little is known about their DMSs particularly in professional institutions, which may aid in their decision-making ability.