This special issue of Journal of Business Communication focuses on an area of major interest at the workplace, namely meetings. In specific, the special issue investigates how meetings as complex social events can be understood as an interactional joint achievement of all involved participants. Hence, the special issue focuses on researching social relations, emotions, identity construction, decision making, and the social organization of meeting talk. It does so by both investigating meetings in public and private organizations and studying traditional face-to-face meetings and virtual team meetings. The special issue explores these topics by approaching them from empirical studies of meetings based on transcripts of authentic interaction. This microanalytical approach contributes to understanding the interactive and dynamic nature of workplace interaction. Thereby, the different articles in this special issue shed light on questions of efficiency, leadership, and group dynamics in meetings. The current introduction presents some of the main characteristics of meetings as described in previous research and the main approaches to meeting interaction used in this issue. After a short overview of traditions that have dealt with meetings (first section), the qualitative, microanalytical approach adopted in the special issue is presented in more detail (second section). In the third section, the main characteristics of meeting talk as described in previous studies within this tradition are presented in detail. The introduction ends by shortly presenting the six contributions to this special issue on "meeting talk."


Credit risk evaluation is an important decision process to financial institutions. Feature (variable) selection is a key step to many credit evaluation problems and it is often used as a dimension reduction technique to process credit data. However, the traditional correlation-based feature selection (CFS) is a linear analysis method when calculating the correlation coefficient and it cannot deal efficiently with nonlinearly correlated variables. This paper presents an improved approach of nonlinear correlation-based feature selection—Gebelein's maximal correlation-based feature selection (GCFS), based on analysis of CFS and Gebelein's maximal correlation (GMC), to realize the data reduction. Furthermore, an integrated model, GCFS-ANFIS model, is presented combined GCFS with Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The proposed model has been applied to credit evaluation based on the data collected from a set of Chinese listed corporations, and the results indicate that the performance of the GCFS-ANFIS model is much better than the ones of the other classic methods.


Introduction: The Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory (SCDNT) states that nurses work with "nursing systems": Partly compensatory, Wholly compensatory and Supportive-educative. For the latter, printed health instructional resources are important. The efficacy of the programs of the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare (MPH & SW) of Paraguay depends on the readability of those informational aids. However, there are no studies about the readability of these health educational resources in the country. Objective: To analyze the readability of printed health educational resources published by the MPH & SW, applying the Gunning Fog Index (GFI). Methods: A corpus of 49 health informational resources, published by the MPH & SW between 2003 and 2018, was identified. From these, by random multi-stage sampling, 250 paragraphs were selected. The GFI of each one was calculated. The mean of GFI of these paragraphs was compared with a "gold standard", designed for the Paraguayan Spanish, based on a sample of opinion articles of national newspapers. Results: The mean of GFI calculated was 20.50, which can be read as a "normal" difficulty level on the gold standard scale developed with newspaper opinion articles. Conclusion: The paragraphs studied, on average, have comparable readability levels with opinion articles of national newspapers. Since the schooling Arévalos Ramírez, Romina Elizabeth ; Martínez-Mercado, Arnaldo ; Vera Almirón, Yenny Gabriela ; Báez Larrea, 1 2 1 Nelson David ; Báez Larrea, Nelson Federico ; Paniagua Cristaldo, Dina Raquel 1 1 2 Carrera de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional del Este, Minga Guazú, Alto Paraná, Paraguay. Universidad Nacional del Este, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Minga Guazú, Alto Paraná, Paraguay. Correspondencia: Romina Arévalos email@example.com Linguistic legibility of printed informational materials, disclosed by the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare, Paraguay, applying the Gunning Fog Index http://dx.doi.org/10.8004/rspp.2019.diciembre.53-57 Esta obra está bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución 4.0 Internacional. Recibido el 03/10/2019; aprobado para publicación el 30/10/2019 Editor responsable: Miriam Espínola-Canata Rev. salud publica Parag. | Vol. 9 N° 2 | Julio Diciembre 2019 54 year average of the country's population is low (8.4 years), the efficacy of the printed health educational resource for self-care purposes is not guaranteed.


The new Global Burden of Disease study commenced in 2007 and is the first major effort since the original 1996 GBD study to produce systematic and comprehensive estimates of the burden of diseases and injuries. It will also update the comparative estimates of the burden of risk factors. While the original 1996 GBD study produced 1990 estimates for 107 diseases and injuries and ten risk factors for eight world regions, the new study will produce 1990 and 2005 estimates for 150 diseases and injuries and more than 40 risk factors for 21 regions of the world. Important changes will be made to the scope and nature of the estimates for mental disorders and illicit drug use. More disorders are being considered because of significant advances in pidemiological research. The original study contained estimates for nipolar depression, bipolar disorder, panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, post traumatic stress disorder and illicit drug use. The new estimates will include the mental disorders covered in the original study plus eating disorders (both anorexia and bulimia), dysthymia (as well as major depression), generalised anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia, specific phobia, separation anxiety disorder, pervasive developmental disorders (autism and Asperger's disorder), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder. This document focuses on the ADHD preliminary dataset.


Portugal Abstract We study the role of time-reversal symmetry on the dynamical response of nonlinear optical systems that behave as unidirectional ("one-way") devices. It is shown that lossless nonlinear materials, despite being nonreciprocal, are typically time-reversal invariant. This property raises an apparent paradox because time-reversal invariant systems are forcibly bi-directional. Here, we present a solution for this conundrum, and theoretically explain why the "one-way" behavior can indeed be compatible with the time-reversal invariance. It is found that in the time-reversed problem the incident waves have a variation in time that is generally incompatible with the adiabatic approximation. Due to this reason the adiabatic approximation fails to predict the bi-directional nature of nonlinear system. We discuss the implications of this finding in the performance of practical nonlinear "one-way"


Preterm birth represents an interruption to the normal development of maternal identity and is considered a highly stressful event for adult mothers. However, no research has investigated whether or how preterm birth affects the adolescent mother's transition to motherhood. The current study aimed to explicate the experience of being a mother for adolescent women who experienced a preterm or term birth in Australia. This Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Study analyzed interviews with 14 primiparous, English-speaking adolescent mothers (15-19 years; 10 preterm and 4 full term) who participated in three interviews over a 12-month period. Findings suggested few differences in the experience of being a mother due to infant birth status. Instead, the experience of being a mother was fundamentally about transformations to the self. The young women constructed themselves differently as a result of being mothers. Changes included moving away from delinquent behaviors, development of internal resources, growth of a positive view of self, gaining meaning in their lives, and reconciling idealized and actual notions of self and other. This research adds to our understanding of how motherhood shapes the adolescent women's lives, while also challenging our assumptions about the impact of preterm and full-term birth for adolescent mothers.


The use of different experimental methods (reflectivity, absorption, photoconductivity and cathodoluminescence) allowed us to confirm the existence of the deep donor-like state of iron and present allocation and properties of the iron states in Cd1-yFexTe (0 < x < 0.05) at 300 K and 77 K in the forbidden gap energy range. It was concluded that the increase in width of the forbidden gap with the change of temperature from 300 K to 77 K leads mainly to the rise of the energy distance between the donor-like iron state 5 E and the bottom of the conduction band.


A hybrid particle‐mesh method was developed for efficient and accurate simulations of two‐phase flows. In this method, the main component of the flow is solved using the constrained interpolated profile/multi‐moment finite volumemethod; the two‐phase interface is rendered using the finite volume particle (FVP) method. The effect of surface tension is evaluated using the continuum surface force model. Numerical particles in the FVP method are distributed only on the surface of the liquid in simulating the interface between liquid and gas; these particles are used to determine the density of each mesh grid. An artificial term was also introduced to mitigate particle clustering in the direction of maximum compression and sparse discretization errors in the stretched direction. This enables accurate interface tracking without diminishing numerical efficiency. Two benchmark simulations are used to demonstrate the validity of the method developed and its numerical stability. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In this Comment, we show that the expression for as proposed by R. Breban, R. Vardavas, and S. Blower, Phys. Rev. E 72, 046110 (2005) is incorrect and we reveal the underlying conceptual mistake.


Human endeavours throughout the ages have been the driving force of global development. It is also evident that these efforts in return has resulted in damage to the environment we are living in, mainly in terms of carbon emissions. Higher the number of carbon footprints, higher the disturbance to atmospheric equilibrium resulting in health problems, global warming and climate change. Vehicle emissions is one of the key contributors in this vicious cycle. Therefore, in the mission of accomplishing sustainable development goals and environmental sustainability while ensuring a green growth, adoption of 'green car' concept could bring about a healthy revolution. Hence, it is worth while identifying the challenges in 'green car' usage. Although many studies have been conducted on assessing the consumer knowledge and attitudes on 'green cars', studies observing the association between these components are lacking. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to describe and compare the factors associated with knowledge and attitudes about the 'green car' concept among bank officers of Colombo district, Sri Lanka. In a descriptive cross-sectional study, with a two-stage sampling process, non-probability sampling was used in the first stage to select the study venue and stratified sampling in the second stage to select the individual subjects within the venue. Using a self-administered questionnaire, knowledge and attitudes were assessed. Knowledge against socio-demographic factors were compared using independent sample t-test, attitudes against socio-demographic factors and knowledge against attitudes were compared using Chi-square test; both at a significance level of p<=0.05. In a sample of 300, the response rate was 95.6%. Majority (54%) had a high level of knowledge, but knowledge on 'green car' identification and electric car recharging was poor. The most important factor considered when buying a vehicle was cost, while the most important factor discouraging buying an electric car was recharging issues. Although most had eco-friendly attitudes, bank officers with a higher level of knowledge had more pro-environmental attitudes. Majority (55%) were willing to by a 'green car' vehicle as their next vehicle. In conclusion, knowledge of bank officers on 'green car' concept was at a satisfactory level and a higher level of knowledge was associated with more eco-friendly attitudes. However, most of them were uncertain about 'green cars' replacing conventional cars overtime.


This paper points out the mistakes in the solution of a class of extremum in some calculus books,analyses the mistaken reasons,carefully studies the relationship between variables,and gives the correction.


The main objective of this research is to provide a detailed perspective of the operational risk in the case of commercial bank. The research is based on the main regulations and procedures in the field of the operational banking risk, and it presents the method commercial banks use to manage operational risk The case study presents the results of the research performed at the Romanian Commercial Bank, Cluj County Branch, with examples of operational risk management. Both from the theoretical approach and the description off operational banking risk quantification, the results of this study emphasize the importance of operational banking risk measurement and the identification of major issues that need improvement.


Determining the size of a maximum independent set of a graph $G$, denoted by $\alpha(G)$, is an NP-hard problem. Therefore, many attempts are made to find upper and lower bounds, or exact values of $\alpha (G)$ for special classes of graphs.
This paper is aimed toward studying this problem for the class of generalized Petersen graphs. We find new upper and lower bounds and some exact values for $\alpha(P(n,k))$. With a computer program we have obtained exact values for each $n 3k$, the conjecture is valid. We checked the conjecture with our table for $n < 78$ and it had no inconsistency. Finally, we show that for every fix $k$, $\alpha(P(n, k))$ can be computed using an algorithm with running time O(n).


This paper explores the conditions for local dynamics and the uniqueness of a steady state in the money-in-utility-function, and transaction-costs models with recursive utility. When a money demand depends only on nominal interest rates and a monetary Brock-Gale (BG) condition holds around a steady state, the steady state is locally stable. Even in the case of the general money demand function, the local stability is sometimes possible. Furthermore, when a money demand function exists and the BG condition holds globally, the steady state is unique.


A new method of inserting an eco-sustainable hydrophilic system into an anti-reflection (AR) system was developed and its applicability to photovoltaic systems was determined. We created a TiO2 nanoparticle composite with a densely multi-layered AR system top layer to demonstrate its eco-sustainable, hydrophilic performance and to act as a low refractive index material, which is essential for AR. The hydrophilic system displayed the lowest reflectance and a remarkable contact angle reduction to 0 degrees under UV light irradiation. The annealed hydrophilic system (the eco-sustainable system) exhibited the highest photodecomposition activity of 100% within 90 min by effective separation of electron–hole pairs using SiOx nanoparticles inside the TiO2 layer as trap levels. The successful AR, hydrophilic, and eco-sustainable characteristics of the simplified system composed of only two materials, TiO2 and SiOx, are anticipated to contribute to the enhancement of photovoltaic system efficiency.


Two new species of Campsicnemus are proposed from the Marquesas (C. rim nobates and C. uncleremus), which are related to the previously described Campsicnemus scurra Parent from Nuku Hiva in the Marquesas. All are water skaters on pools and streamlets. All three species are described and illustrated and a key to the known Campsicnemus of the Mar quesas is provided.


A patient with Hodgkin's disease is described who developed chronic myelogenous leukemia 8 1/2 years after the start of radiation therapy. This therapy was fractional and was administered to most of the patient's skeleton. The radiation was an important factor in the development of leukemia. The presence of positive reactions to the antileukemic fluorescent antibodies may be consistent with the hypothesis that viruses are concerned with human leukemia.


The low temperature specific heat CP and magnetic susceptibility of the amorphous alloys FexNi80−xP14B6 (x=3,5,7) have been determined. For x=3,5 their behavior is consistent with a spin‐glass regime, while for x=7 a mictomagnetic regime is observed. The amorphous alloys Ni78P14B8 and Ni80P12B8 show no bulk magnetic order, but CP at low temperatures contains a constant contribution attributed to magnetic clusters, the concentration of which is consistent with previous magnetization measurements.


The percentage of dependent children living in lone-parent families has more than tripled in Britain over the last 30 years. Though there is much diversity within this lone-parent population, there are common experiences and characteristics. Lone-parent families tend to be headed by women, to be poor, on benefits and experience problems with ill health and disability. This paper examines lone parenthood in the context of the experience of justiciable problems (problems for which there is a potential legal remedy), drawing upon a large-scale survey of 5,611 people representative of the population of England and Wales. The survey included 223 lone parents, who were likely to be female, to be living in rented accommodation, to be on a low income, to be economically inactive and to be in receipt of benefits. Lone parents were significantly more likely than others to have experienced a justiciable problem. Lone parents sought advice for their problems more often than others, particularly from solicitors, even after controlling for problems experienced. Lone parents were more likely than others to receive legal-aid funding. Lastly, lone parents found trying to resolve problems particularly stressful, though they tended to believe that their life had improved as a consequence of doing so.


Objective: This study provides a brief description regarding prevalence, diagnostic tools and medical treatment of kidney stones in Sialkot, Pakistan. Method: The study was carried out in the Department of Urology, Amina Hospital Cantt, Sialkot. Data was recorded on questionnaires by interview of 50 patients of kidney stones involving 30 males, 17 females and 3 child by filling questionnaire after random collection of data in district Sialkot. Result: The prevalence of kidney stones in Sialkot was 60% in males, 34% in females and 6% in child. The most recommended diagnostic test was ultrasound (96%) and percentages for rest of diagnostic tests were 58% urinalysis, 10% KUB X-Ray and 2% IVP. Renal profile were 92% urea, 56% uric acid, 92% creatinine, 38% sodium, 10% calcium and 30% chloride. From sample size of 50 patients, tamsulosin (80%) was highly recommended along with ciprofloxacin (68%), diclofenac sodium (64%), citro soda (56%), tripsin along with chymotrypsin combination (chymotrip forte) (44%),diclofenac sodium with misoprostol combination (osteotec) (22%), omeprazole(32%), nelbuphine (14%), distalgesic (8%), furosemide (6%), paracetamol (4%). Conclusion: The kidney stones prevalence is more in male gender as compared to female gender with percentages of 60% in males and 34% in females along with 6% in child. The most prevalent diagnostic test was ultrasound (96%) and most recommended medicine was tamsulosin (80%).


Develops a new objective measure of the levels of investment/performance in information technology (IT) by companies from different industries. This measure, called the Relative Information Technology Index (RITI), is then utilized to examine the relationship between IT investment, on the one hand, and company′s control, governance and ownership structure on the other. The empirical results suggest meaningful relationships between IT investment/performance and management ownership and the ratio of outside to inside directors on the board.


Fuligocandins A and B, cycloanthranilylproline derivatives isolated from the myxomycete Fuligo candida, were synthesized efficiently by a Meyer―Schuster rearrangement, which gave Z-isomer with high selectivity. The absolute stereochemistry at C-11a of the natural products was determined to be S by comparison of the optical rotation of the natural products with synthetic counterparts derived from L-proline. This report is the first total synthesis of optically active fuligocandin B.


Block chain is widely known as the underlying technology powering bitcoin. However, with the wide usage of technology, the block chain based smart contracts are being used to serve a wide range of data set such as financing, purchasing, leasing, sale and management of property transactions. This research embarked on determining the applicability of smart contract in the real estate industry. The researcher explored the usage of smart contract in management of property, purchasing, leasing and sales. Data was collected using secondary data from different articles and journals. From the findings revealed that, the real estate industry is transforming fast and there is need to have all the data in one place to reduce cases of fraud and simplify the title deed record process. Smart contract eases the lack of trust between the buyer and seller since with block chain, data is more transparent and there is accurate record keeping. It also provides an opportunity for auto-confirmation by the land registries and enhances transparency. It was further revealed that with smart contracts, several entitles can modify the database including tenants, owners, investors and lenders. Recommendations indicate the real estate industry should adopt block chain due to its usefulness and ability to create a difference


The Kyrgyz Republic holds one of the first positions in the world in terms of mortality and morbidity of brain stroke. Open sources provide data from the Kyrgyz Republic on the analysis of morbidity and mortality, and medication treatment of patients with various forms of brain stroke, but there are almost no studies on primary disablement and subsequent rehabilitation measures, which are based on setting a rehabilitation diagnosis and defining the goals of rehabilitation. The purpose of this study is to analyze problems in making a rehabilitation diagnosis for persons with disabilities with the consequences of brain stroke, based on the examination of the records of 3 medical and social expert commissions (MSEC) of the Kyrgyz Republic, out of 27 existing commissions. The authors present the results of a 2018–2019 study of the medical and rehabilitation documents of 328 persons with primary disablement in order to determine the rehabilitation diagnosis in these documents as a basic tool for the formation of a clinical rehabilitation route. Despite the availability of regulatory documents, clinical guidelines on the management of stroke patients, there is no evidence of a rehabilitation diagnosis in the documents reviewed, which affects the effectiveness of rehabilitation of persons with disabilities with the consequences of brain strokes. The authors recommend a set of measures to eliminate the barrier revealed and to develop rehabilitation services. Such rehabilitation services could be triggered by introducing the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health into the field of rehabilitation.


Recently the home video Cassette Recorder (VCR) has remarkably come into world-wide use. However, complicating the situation are three different kinds of television standards: NTSC, PAL and SECAM, and the specifications of their chrominance signal are different from each other.


A viscous-inviscid interaction technique is presented in which a finite-differenc e inverse boundary layer procedure is iteratively combined with a relaxation s olution of the full mtential equation far the a nalysis of turbulent separated flow. This p rocedure is applied to the t ransonic shock induced separated flow experimentally measured by Bachalo and Johnson. Converged results have been obtained and favorable cornoarison with ro coordinate surface r adius t distance from coordinate to body surface measured perpendicular to coordinate surface experimental data shows that this method is capable of resolving the d etailed f eatures of this Strongly interacting flow. These interaction u velocity component parallel to coordinate surface


ABSTRACT This article takes on participation not as taking part in cultural activities per se but in cultural policy-making, by studying the transformation and institutionalisation of participatory processes. Focusing on Switzerland, a federalist country where local and private actors play key roles in cultural policy, several processes by which different actors participate in local cultural policy-making are explored. Top-down procedures, such as formalised mandatory consultation procedures or the inclusion of cultural actors in administrative expert committees, coexist with bottom-up grassroots initiatives that can complement or even supplant traditional participatory processes. Furthermore, certain alternative modes and concepts of participation, such as the "cultural council", circulate between different cases, across levels of state and in time. Participatory processes in cultural policy-making need to be seen as public policies in their own right, which can aim to depoliticise policies and procedures. Furthermore, actors need certain resources in order to participate, and venues aimed at opening participation do so in a restrained framework, focusing mostly on artistic and cultural elites rather than encourage larger citizen participation.


Abstract Networks have been widely employed to represent interactive relationships among individual units in complex systems such as the Internet of Things. Assignable causes in systems can lead to abrupt increased or decreased frequency of communications within the corresponding network, which allows us to detect such assignable causes by monitoring the communication level of the network. However, existing statistical process control methods for unweighted networks have scarcely incorporated either the network sparsity or the direction of interactions between two network nodes, i.e., dyadic interaction. Regarding this, we establish a matrix-form model to characterize directional dyadic interactions in time-independent unweighted networks. With inactive dyadic interactions excluded, the proposed procedure of parameter estimation achieves higher consistency with less computational cost than its alternative when networks are large-scale and sparse. Using the generalized likelihood ratio test, the work derives two schemes for monitoring directed unweighted networks. The first can be used in general cases whereas the second incorporates a priori shift information to improve change detection efficiency in some cases and estimate the location of a single shifted parameter. Simulation study and a real application are provided to demonstrate the advantages and effectiveness of proposed schemes.


An interpretation of Leviticus 20, updated for publication. In addition to classical methods of exegesis, it also uses other approaches, particularly those from cultural anthropology. The study first clarifies the scholarly prerequisites for an interpretation of the text, working on the assumption that Leviticus 17-26 is an integral part of the Priestly Source ("P" text). The text itself is examined in both its synchronic and diachronic aspects and identified as a reader and sermon which reflects internal Jewish conflicts in the post-exile community. The whole of the formulaic content of the death sentences contained in Leviticus 20 is analysed thoroughly and discussed against the background of the thesis of "social death" (H.-P. Hasenfratz). Within the text complex of Leviticus 11-22, Leviticus 20 is concerned with irreversible impurity, which leads to exclusion from Israel, and the concluding interpretation of Israel as a people sacred to YHWH. The study closes with a theology of Leviticus 20 and a preview of the history of capital punishment in later Judaism.


4,4-Ditritio-(-)-nicotine (5) of high specific activity (4.7 Ci/mmol) has been synthesized from (-)-nicotine via the readily prepared 4,4-dibromocotinine (3). Scatchard analysis of the binding of 5 to the crude mitochondrial fraction of whole rat brain revealed a Ka of 4.7 X 10(6) M-1 and 13 fmol of binding sites/mg of protein.


The article presents one of the concepts of the performance of keeping up the movement of a gantry behind the load. For reaching this solution, a PID controller has been applied. The worked out control algorithm has been implemented and tested employing a 3D Crane 3D. The results of experimental research have been compared with the findings of numerical simulations.


Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are popular in many applications, such as automatic speech recognition, control theory, biology, communication theory over channels with bursts of errors, queueing theory, and many others. Therefore, it is important to have robust and fast methods for fitting HMMs to experimental data (training). Standard statistical methods of maximum likelihood parameter estimation (such as Newton-Raphson, conjugate gradients, etc.) are not robust and are difficult to use for fitting HMMs with many parameters. On the other hand, the Baum-Welch algorithm is robust, but slow. In this paper, we present a parallel version of the Baum-Welch algorithm. We consider also unidirectional procedures which, in contrast with the well-known forward-backward algorithm, use an amount of memory that is independent of the observation sequence length.


This contribution reports about a method to perform an accelerated aging test for metaloxide varistors used for overvoltage protection in inverter-fed drives. In this new and so far uncommon application the varistors have to withstand several thousand transients per second which is, compared to conventional applications with not more than some hundred transients per year, a very hard electrical stress for the material. Therefore, the known aging characteristics of metal-oxide varistors are not valid anymore, and the aging performance has to be investigated. In this report different outcomes of specially adopted accelerated aging tests will be presented as well as rules for interpretation of the test results. Finally, a first approach of a definition of acceleration factors under different test conditions and for pass and non-pass criteria is made.


Objective: To correlate Mx protein (Mx) levels in lysed blood leukocytes with the clinical response to interferon (IFN) beta-1b (IFNβ-1b) in relapsing–remitting MS (RR-MS) patients for monitoring treatment. Background: Intracellular Mx expression is exclusively induced by the type I IFNs (IFN-α, -β, and -ω) or by viruses and is strongly increased under IFN treatment. Quantitative determination of Mx allows objective assessment of biological effects of IFN. Methods: Mx protein levels were measured in blood leukocyte lysates from IFNβ-1b-treated RR-MS patients by ELISA and correlated to clinical parameters, including relapse rate and clinical deterioration. Results: In stable IFNβ-1b-treated MS patients, Mx levels were significantly increased compared to patients with or without immunosuppressive treatment. In IFNβ-1b-treated MS patients during relapse, Mx levels were significantly lower than during stable phases of the disease. Mean values of Mx (MVMx) over time of treatment in patients with a reduction of relapse rate were significantly higher than in patients without response. Conclusion: Mx levels in lysed blood cells may represent a useful surrogate marker for IFNβ-1b activity corresponding to the clinical response during treatment of MS.


Abstract Although relatively understudied, the role of affordable and acceptable housing in the accelerating global competition for talent is of utmost importance, especially if highly skilled migrants are to be absorbed into the permanent labour force. This paper concerns the housing of skilled Indian migrants in the Helsinki metropolitan area in Finland, and contributes to the literature on international migration and the housing of ethnic minorities. It presents a case study on how to analyse migrants' housing pathways, examining the meaning of housing in the transnational lives of this relatively affluent migrant group. The results show that homeownership is a not a simple indicator of commitment to the host society, and that those responsible for national housing policy need to ensure the supply, quality and reasonable price of accommodation in order to fulfil the housing needs of skilled migrants.


An approach of generalized analytic functions of a complex variable to the axially symmetric problem of a deformable drop in an extensional viscous incompressible flow under the zero Reynolds number assumption is presented. The velocity field and pressure in and out of the drop are represented in terms of four generalized analytic functions. When the drop and ambient flow have equal viscosities, integral representations for the velocity, vorticity, and pressure balancing the velocity and stress boundary conditions are obtained based on the generalized Cauchy integral formula. In this case, steady shapes of the drop for different capillary numbers are found by minimizing the norm of the normal velocity over the interface and are shown to have rounded endpoints. The obtained steady shapes satisfy the kinematic condition with high accuracy and are very close to spheroidal shapes. The second part of this work constructs an analytical solution to the problem with the deformable spheroidal drop that balances th...


1. Entamoeba aulastomi and Hexamita sp. from Haemopis sanguisuga have been cultivated in inactivated horse-serum diluted 1 : 10 in 0·5 NaCl solution + solid sterile rice-starch, and upon an inspissated horse-serum slope covered with the liquid medium + sterile rice-starch. Cysts of E. aulastomi appeared on or after the 9th day from subcultivation, but cysts of Hexamita have not appeared in the cultures. 2. The amoeboid phase of E. aulastomi divides by a simple direct method, without the formation of a spindle. There is no equatorial plate. It was not possible to count the number of chromatin granules. 3. The mature cyst is quadrinucleate, though occasional octonucleate cysts are found. Chromatoids are present but are absorbed before hatching. A. large glycogen vacuole is present in the uninucleate cyst. The nucleus divides by the formation of a delicate spindle but no chromosomes were found. 4. E. aulastomi are not harmed by being kept at 2° C. but they die out in the 2nd subculture if kept at 30° C. and within 24 hours if kept at 37° C. The cysts also are killed at 37° C. 5. If treated with N/20 HCl all amoebae are killed in less than 10 min. but the cysts are unharmed.


An efficient and selective approach to the synthesis of selenide ethers containing one or two geminal C-Se bonds from readily available diselenides and phenylacetic acids was developed. Compounds containing one C-Se bond were prepared by employing air as the oxidant under metal-free conditions, whereas compounds having two geminal C-Se bonds were formed via the FeCl3/O2/Cs2CO3 system. Moreover, 1,2-diphenyldisulfane also could be smoothly converted into the corresponding sulfur ether product under the standard reaction conditions.


The fiber's maturity impacts the fiber's downstream processing and yarn and fabric quality, and therefore is an important cotton quality and processing parameter. The results from this research show that the cotton fiber maturity has positive correlations with fiber cross sectional (or secondary wall) area and weight (or mass). To better characterize the overall maturity of a cotton sample, new concepts and definitions of cotton fiber Maturity Ratio by number, by area, and by weight are introduced. From this small set of test results, on average, the Maturity Ratio by area is about 8% higher than the Maturity Ratio by number, and the Maturity Ratio by weight is about 14% higher than the Maturity Ratio by number. The results also showed that different Maturity Ratios may rank the overall sample maturity differently. The impact of sampling and sample preparation methods on Maturity Ratio results is also discussed. The findings may be more important for cotton breeders in breeding selections.


In this ar ti cle we briefly re view the mo lec u lar exciton the ory and ap ply it to photosynthetic light har vest ing sys tems. We de rive ex pres sions for exciton re lax ation rates us ing per tur ba tion the ory in Hilbert space rep re sen ta tion and show how the Forster equa tion can be ob tained from a gen eral re lax ation rate ex pres sion in case of well lo cal ized excitons. A de tailed anal y sis of the exciton level struc ture and wavefunctions of the ring struc ture is pre sented for di ag o nal and nondiagonal dis or der. We con clude that the lat ter plays only a mi nor role in light-harvesting sys tems. We em pha size the re lax ation rate de pend ency on square of the en ergy gap, which makes the high fre quency modes par tic u larly im por tant for the exciton re lax ation. We found a rea son ably good agree ment be tween the mea sured and cal cu lated re lax ation rates in photosynthetic pur ple bac te ria.


Abstract|THE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF RELATIONSHIP WORK MINISTRY OF AGRICUL- TURE OFFICIAL TITLE PROMOTION Alexander Philip Undergraduate Program, 2011 Gunadarma University http://www.gunadarma.ac.id Key Words: Performance As- sessment Work, Promotions Position, Rating Scale, AB- STRACT : Assessment of work performance is an activ- ity that can evaluate employee held various development- related actions for the future. Assessment of job perfor- mance can provide motivation for employees to further the company used as a basis for program mutation positions and salary increases. Companies must be able to adapt to envi- ronmental changes that occur in order to provide a better impact for the company concerned in maintaining the via- bility of their business to achieve the expected goals. Pro- motion is the process of moving employees from one position to another position higher. Promotion of duty and respon- sibility of a higher authority. Promotion will be followed with less job responsibilities and a higher authority than the position previously followed. And in general promotion also followed by increases in income and other facilities. But the campaign itself actually has a value for the promotion of such recognition is a testament to his achievements. Based on the description above, it can be seen that has shown a strong and close relationship between work performance appraisal and promotion. Penamaan File: 10208085


Date Presented 03/31/2022
 The purpose of this study was to understand the experiences of public school teachers who work with OTs who provide support in a multitiered system of support (MTSS) framework, also known as response to intervention (RtI). A qualitative study with a transcendental phenomenological approach was conducted with 13 teachers from four different regions of the United States. Teachers described their experiences with OT MTSS as satisfactory, efficient, and effective.
 Primary Author and Speaker: Lou Ann Hintz
 Contributing Authors: Tina Fletcher


Shorts similar absorbent garment having curved leak-proof flap has a gasket similar to fit. Of the absorbent garment chassis to form the first and second leg openings with curved cut-out of the chassis. A first portion of the second anti-leak of the flap is coupled to the first and second leg openings around the periphery of the curved cut-out in a stretched state, to form a refined seam. Is coupled to the second portion of the leg elastic members have leakage protection flap, it is possible to produce a still larger gasket effect. Results produced absorbent garment has a comfortable fit gasket similar satisfactory stylish look with a new aesthetic and around the leg openings.


This paper presents a new concept for a 1-by-N-switch, which can be used in tree-structured optical networks. Although the switch works with any large displacement actuator, a new curved electrode electrostatic actuator for linear motion of up to 180 /spl mu/m has been designed. No tilting mechanism is needed, and the mirror surface is smooth and easily coated with highly reflecting materials. A 1-by-4-switch has been fabricated using classical low cost micromechanical technologies like surface and bulk micromachining.


Changes in the concentration of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) were determined over short (hours to days) and medium (weeks) time scales during summer in a shallow, polymictic lake in subarctic Quebec, Canada. CDOM fluorescence (F CDOM ) decreased linearly from mid-June until early August, consistent with the zero-order kinetics expected for photodegradation of organic matter in a regularly mixed lake in which most of the photochemically-active radiation is absorbed by CDOM. A major rainfall event then resulted in a sharp increase in F CDOM back to levels recorded at the start of the study. These changes showed that CDOM concentrations were controlled by the balance between catchment inputs and subsequent photodegradation processes within the lake. Shorter term changes in CDOM concentration were monitored by measuring the penetration of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) using a Satlantic TACCS system moored near the center of the lake and set to monitor down-welling 380 nm irradiance at 10 min intervals. The diffuse attenuation coefficient K d (380) decreased by 12 % during the deployment indicating increased penetration of UVR and the change paralleled the drop in F CDOM over the same period. Many of the daily records showed a significant decline in K d (380) in the near-surface waters over the course of the morning and early afternoon indicating diurnal photobleaching of CDOM, and an increase later in the day consistent with the breakdown of the diurnal thermocline and entrainment of deeper waters. The results illustrate the short and medium term dynamics of CDOM, the importance of diurnal stratification and mixing for photochemical processes, and the variability that aquatic organisms must experience in UV exposure in their natural environment.


An optical method for measuring carrier concentration and mobility in n-type semiconductors is presented. The method depends on an accurate knowledge of the free electron effective mass,(M), as a function of temperature and dopant concentration. These values are not generally available in the literature. Measured values for M in HgCdTe, for example, are rare and, according to several authors, significantly higher than calculated values in the literature. M for n-type HgCdTe, InSb, GaAs, and Si were measured using Faraday rotation and van der Pauw testing over the range 77 K < T < 296 K. Good agreement was obtained with available published values of M in InSb and GaAs. M in HgCdTe was found to be on the order of 90 percent higher than calculated values at 296 K. The specific results have ben sent to the open literature for publication and consequently cannot be included for republication here. Faraday rotation and absorption can be combined with a constant, C, to yield carrier mobility. C was measured in the above materials at selected wavelengths. With M and C for a material known, carrier concentration and mobility can be determined from Faraday rotation and absorption measurements alone.


In order to reduce corrosion on the Cu surface in post-chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) cleaning, controlling the state of inhibitor layers is indispensable. In this study, to investigate the behavior of inhibitor layers in the cleaning process, Cu–benzotriazole (BTA) layers on CuOX were analyzed by electrochemical measurements and surface analysis. Electrochemical measurements revealed that Cu(I)–BTA can prevent corrosion more efficiently than Cu(II)–BTA, and surface analysis revealed that the Cu(I)–BTA layer is thin, whereas the Cu(II)–BTA layer is bulky. The Cu(I)–BTA layer is effective in preventing corrosion of the Cu surface.


Essential steps of making mathematics model with dynamic programming are expatiated in detail as well as essential elements of dynamic programming model.Then,two kinds of basal algorithms to solve dynamic programming model are analyzed.Finally,By several examples,the two kinds of basal algorithms is realized with mathematica software.


By using ethyl acetate and water as extractant,oligoprocyanidins were extracted from grape seeds.Some factors affecting extraction process,such as water content in extractant,soaking time,property and pretreatment of raw materials were studied,so that the optimum conditions of extraction were obtained.The structure of the extract was determined by IR,and the spectrogram is accordant to standard product.


Development and performance evaluation of the hydrogen generator by autothermal reforming process for emergency PEM fuel cell using methanol from process waste were carried out. Supply of gaseous hydrogen has been a technical barrier for its wide application. As a result, conventional reformer has either a separate heat source such as a catalytic combustor or a parallel process in the same reactor to generate heat. The later device is called ATR (Autothermal reforming). Typical product gas of ATR still contains a large amount of carbon monoxide that poisons electro-catalyst of the MEA. In the present study, we used the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide as a parallel exothermic reaction in the same reactor as the reformer. The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide releases water vapor and gaseous oxygen with enormous heat. The heat sustains the reforming reaction and the oxygen is used to recombine the carbon monoxide by oxidation. By parametric study, at the condition of 200oC and the rate of methanol to 40% of hydrogen peroxide is 4 to 1, the Carbon monoxide contents are reduced by less than 800 ppm. Using the present concept we could reduce the concentration of carbon monoxide in the product gas of the reformer by more than 80%. At that carbon monoxide contents, we can be possible to load the methanol-hydrogen peroxide ATR system without any devices.


Primary adrenal lymphoma (PAL) is an infrequent malignant disease and there is no consensus classification or specialized treatment for it. However, PAL has been observed to have worse prognosis compared with other extrarenal malignant lymphomas and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma presents as the most common subtype of PAL.


Lenvatinib is the FDA-approved targeted drug for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the efficacy is modest due to drug resistance. Tumor kinome re-wiring governs drug resistance in resistant cancer cells, which is an obstacle for efficient cancer therapy. Therefore, identification of the kinases critical for this rewiring process in HCC is crucial. Upon mass spectrometry analysis using a lysine-targeted sulfonyl fluoride probe named XO44, CDK6 was identified to be the most upregulated kinase in lenvatinib-resistant HCC cell lines. Lentiviral-based overexpression and knockdown approaches were performed to characterize functional roles of CDK6 in regulation of cancer stemness and lenvatinib resistance. The upregulation of CDK6 in lenvatinib-resistant HCC cells is found to be mediated by the ERK/YAP signaling cascade. CDK6 is crucial in the regulation of acquired lenvatinib resistance via augmentation of cancer stemness and the overexpression of CDK6 led to poorer patient survival. We identified a novel noncanonical pathway of CDK6 in which it binds and regulates the activity of GSK3β, leading to activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. CDK6 inhibition by CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib or CDK6 degradation by proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) is highly synergistic with lenvatinib in vitro. Interestingly, palbociclib not only exerts the maximal growth suppressive effect with lenvatinib in lenvatinib-resistant HCC xenografts and Trp53KO/MYCOE-induced HCC models but also reshapes the tumor immune microenvironment. CDK6 blockade impedes the lenvatinib-induced activation of the ERK/YAP/CDK6/β-catenin signaling cascade. Targeting CDK6 with palbociclib in combination with lenvatinib may be a novel therapeutic strategy against HCC.
 Citation Format: Carmen Oi Leung, Yang Yang, Karl Kam So, Qian Zhao, Terence Kin Lee. Broad-spectrum kinome profiling identifies CDK6 upregulation as a driver of lenvatinib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1746.


Polarisation-mode-dispersion (PMD) induced penalty is investigated for an optical signal in a PMD medium under fast polarisation scrambling. A phenomenological model for the timing jitter penalty is proposed and is verified by computer modelling. The Q penalty from pulse distortion is complementary to the Q penalty from timing jitter.


Functionalization of the indole benzene ring was achieved by using an organocatalytic enantioselective Friedel–Crafts alkylation/lactonization reaction of hydroxyindoles with a variety of substituted methyleneoxindoles. This reaction was applicable to indoles substituted with the hydroxy group at different positions of the benzene ring, and the corresponding pyrrolodihydrocoumarins were obtained in moderate to high yields (37–99%) with high stereoselectivities (up to 99% ee and >20:1 dr) in most cases. A scale-up reaction and derivatization of the representative products were also carried out to investigate the usefulness of this protocol.


The article has inspected to the histories of the democratic centralism of CPC's for more than 80.On the one hand,explains the Party's situation of the democratic centralism relating the group's enterprise development condition closely,thus strengthening the entire Party to persist perfect democratic centralism self-consciousness,on the other hand,according to the spirit of 16th NCCPC 4th Plenary Session of 16th NCCPC,provides the theory supporting.


WASHINGTON The hotly debated MX missile program overcam e another challenge yester day as the House voted 217-208 to approve $2.1 billion to p roduce the first 21 o f the in tercontinen tal nuclear weapons. After an hour-long debate in w hich MX advocates said the Reagan adm inistration has made sincere ef forts in arm s contro l and opponents rem ained deeply skeptical, m em  bers defeated an am endm ent by Rep. Joseph P. Addabbo, D-N.Y., to strip the production m oney from a $247 billion defense spending bill. The vote was the closest call that the program has had this yeai in the House. M em bers had approved production by a 13-vote margin in a military authorization bill in July and had freed im pounded m oney for the p ro ject by 53 votes in April. Earlier in the afternoon, I he ad ministration chalked up ano ther m ajor gain in its strategic m oder nization program by turning aside, 247-175, an effort by Addabbo to prevent the Air Force from en tering into m ulti-year con tracts for B IB bom bers. It was ano ther indication that the long-debated and once-canceled program will con tinue at full scale. In the MX debate, Rep. Albert Gore, D-Tenn., a leader o f m oderate D em ocrats w ho have been key players in negotiations w ith the ad ministration, ticked off 15 conces sions he said the W hite House made in its arm s-control postu re in re tu rn for support for the MX. "The p residen t so far has lived up to his end of this unp receden ted bar gain, and the C ongress must live up to its end," G ore said. But opponents re iterated their view that the giant, 10 w arhead missiles are dangerous to the nuclear balance and that the nation's treasury could not afford the ul tim ate $27.5 billion cost for 100 MX "Peacekeepers." Addabbo w anted to strip $438.7 million in advance p rocurem ent item s for the B-l from the bill and thus p revent the Air Force from being able to com m it itself to bom b er purchases several years in ad vance. Addabbo, chairm an of the House defense appropriations subcom m it tee, said the B IB was not ready for advance procurem ent because the first plane will not fly for a year and operational testing will not he com  pleted until after that. By approving multi-year spend ing, he argued, "Congress will be locked into this program and will lose fiscal con tro l" over it. But Rep Jack Edwards, R-Ala., and o th er advocates replied that a Reagan adm inistration pledge to hold the total cost o f the 100-plane B IB program to $20.5 billion in 1981 dollars was contingent on ap proval o f the multi-year feature. "If you give them that excuse to get ou t from u nder that blanket, 1 can't tell you how m uch the B-l w ould cost," Edwards said.


Modern approach to rail traffic control on major corridors implies centralized train and traffic control. In such approach, the main role in traffic management has railway dispatcher. With the aim of reducing the dispatcher's workload while simultaneously raising the performance level and increasing the efficiency of the dispatcher's work, with a goal of greater efficiency in the process of traffic control, adequate decision support systems are being developed. Within this paper, a model of the dispatcher support system in decision-making in the railway traffic control process based on the application of artificial intelligence is presented. The proposed model of fuzzy logic based dispatcher support system in decision-making should, to a certain extent, decrease the possible negative impact of different distractors and factors of unfavorable circumstances from the working and traffic environment on the performance of the dispatcher's work.


The goal of this research is to detect Surface Electromyography (SEMG) signal froma person's arm using Myo Armband and classify his / her performed finger ges-tures based onthe corresponding signal. Artificial Neural Network (based on the machine learning approach)and Principal Component Analysis (based on the feature extraction approach) with and withoutFast Fourier Transform (FFT) were selected as the methods utilized in this research. Analysisresults show that ANN has achieved 62.14% gesture classifying accuracy, while PCA withoutFFT has achieved 30.43% and PCA without FFT has achieved 48.15% accuracy. The threeclassifiers are tested using SEMG data from a set of six recorded custom gestures. Thecomparison results show that the ANN classifier shows higher classifying accuracy and morerobust rather than the PCA classifier's classi-fying accuracy. Therefore, ANN classifier is moresuited to be implemented in classifying SEMG signals as hand gestures.


Childhood tuberculosis cases in the year 2020 increased compared to cases in 2013. Meanwhile, childhood tuberculosis has received less attention in the current tuberculosis epidemic. Researches show that tuberculosis closely related to socio-economic position, but only few researches studied in childhood tuberculosis. This research aims to study socio-economic positions as risk factor of childhood tuberculosis. This research is a case control study carried out in six primary health centres which have the highest cases of childhood tuberculosis in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia. Samples of this research consisted of case sample and control sample. The case samples were all children with tuberculosis in the research study, which were 73 children and the control samples were 73 children who did not suffer from tuberculosis. Data collection was carried out by interview based on questionnaires, which then analysed using chi square. The results show that low socio-economic positions increase the risk of childhood tuberculosis in children. Furthermore, the mechanism included the presence of household contacts as well as low knowledge of tuberculosis transmission and prevention. In conclusion, childhood tuberculosis control program should be elaborated with socio-economic position intervention.


The special energy structure of China's rich coal, meager oil and little gas determines the main energy consumption from coal, energy utilization efficiency is low and seriously polluted. Facing double pressure of rising international oil prices and increasing foreign oil dependency, the development of new coal chemical industry is the trend to accelerate the optimization of energy structure in China and development of low carbon economy. New coal chemical industry plays more and more important role in the sustainable development of energy in our country. In this article, the chances and challenges of development new coal chemical industry in china was introduced.


Hyperfine quenching rates of the lowest-energy metastable 3 P 0 and 3 P 2 states of Mg, Ca, Sr, and Yb atoms are computed. The calculations are carried out using ab initio relativistic many-body methods. The computed lifetimes may be useful for designing novel ultraprecise optical clocks and trapping experiments with the 3 P 2 fermionic isotopes. The resulting natural widths of the 3 P 0 - 1 S 0 clock transition are 0.44 mHz for 2 5 Mg, 2.2 mHz for 4 3 Ca, 7.6 mHz for 8 7 Sr, 43.5 mHz for 1 7 1 Yb, and 38.5 mHz for 1 7 3 Yb. Compared to the bosonic isotopes, the lifetime of the 3 P 2 states in fermionic isotopes is noticeably shortened by the hyperfine quenching but still remains long enough for trapping experiments.


BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Colostrum and breast milk are not only highly nutritious but also a source of maternal antibodies for infants. We explore maternal awareness and barriers in use of colostrum and breast milk.
METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study included mothers of children aged 3 years or less who visited primary care centers in urban and peri-urban areas of Lahore, Pakistan, between December 2020 to March 2021.
RESULTS: A total of 384 mothers were included in the study, mean age was 28 years. 47% (n=179) had primary or secondary school education. Higher maternal education (p=0.05) and age were associated with better knowledge about the benefits of colostrum. Reasons for not giving colostrum among mothers without formal education (42%) were "it's not clean milk", while 38% of mothers with higher education give a reason they could not feed because find it difficult due to C-section. Use of supplemental feed was noted across all educational levels, 60% mothers with no educational background preferred bovine milk, whereas 79% of highly qualified ones preferred formula milk (p=0.00). The use of formula milk was more frequently observed in families with 100,000 PKR per month and above (p=0.00). 80% of mothers were unaware that bovine milk in infants can lead to anemia.
CONCLUSION: There is inadequate knowledge, among mothers of all educational levels with reference to colostrum use and the relationship between consumption of bovine milk by infants and iron deficiency. Measures to improving maternal nutritional awareness and optimize infant feeding practices during antenatal visits are needed.


To probe the peculiar excitations spinons and magnetic monopoles in the quantum spin ice candidate Pr2Zr2O7, we studied the low-temperature thermal Hall conductivity (\k{appa}xy) and thermal conductivity (\k{appa}xx) of Pr2Zr2O7 single crystal with magnetic fields applied along the [111] axis. The magnetic field dependencies of \k{appa}xx suggest the roles of magnetic excitations in thermal conductivity, that is, the emergent magnetic monopoles can transport heat at T>1.4 K and spinons mainly scatter phonons at lower temperatures. The finite \k{appa}xy was observed at low fields of several Tesla and was discussed to be related to the magnetic excitations, including magnetic monopoles as well as spinons.


Digital library is the developing direction of traditional library in the future, there are large quantity of research on this in china and abroad.Aiming at current situation of research,this paper discusses some relevant problems in constructing digital library,such as the storage of digital information,normalized retrieval standard, the construction of large number digital resource, design and safty of network, representation of multimedia information, ownership of knowledge and work,and the data model of digital library and so on.


Fegley states in his introduction, that 'with more than 2.5 million Sudanese killed in conflicts over the past 50 years, such an inquiry [as the present study] has become increasingly relevant and urgent.' (pp.xv–xvi). Chapter 1 of this book starts with the conquest of Sudan by Mohamed Ali Pasha in 1820–21, 'which signaled the advent of administration on levels higher than previous tribal norms . . . , states were loose entities with ill-defined borders and highly personal modes of rule' (p.1). Tribalism was indeed the only existing form of government prior to the so-called TurkuEgyptian rule. Judging by later developments, the Turku-Egyptian conquests, by the Egyptian Khedive Ismail in southern Sudan the 1860s, were the ones which brought about the conflicts of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, the results of which the Sudan is facing at present. Even under Turku-Egyptian rule it was quite clear that while the Muslim north was moving towards Arabization, in the non-Muslim south, as well as other non-Muslim regions, 'African culture, local languages and Christianity were encouraged to flourish . . . to the exclusion of anything Arab or Islamic'. Following the Islamist Mahdiyya which ruled Sudan during 1885–98, Sudan, was under Anglo-Egyptian rule (1889–1955). British 'officials predominated in southern Sudan; [often referred to as ''Bog Barons''], they were drawn by the colonial office from army officers with African experience' (p.9). Consequently Sudan was in fact partitioned even during the Condominium and when it achieved independence, on 1 January 1956, civil war was the result. 'In August 1955, four months before independence, Equatorial units of the Sudan Defense Force . . . rebelled to protest their transfer to garrisons under Northern [Muslim-Arab] Officers' (p.17). In the second chapter, Randall Fegley deals with attempts at regionalization and decentralization of Sudan, which was the topic of his PhD thesis. Now he compares Sudan with other countries (pp.37–76). He states rightly that 'as both African and Arab leadership tends to be personal and multifunctional, the establishment of decentralized institutions is particularly difficult in Sudan' (pp.43–4). Adding religion to ethnicity, it becomes in fact an impossible mission and suggests that Sudan might have been better off if its southern borders had been north of the Nilotic region, thus leaving the Shilluk, Dinka, Nuer and others to remain as they were. If the south achieves its dream, ratified in the recent referendum, and has its own independent state, the two 'Sudans', might be at long last moving in the right Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 47, No. 6, 961–969, November 2011


Objective:To compare the shape, diameter and mi croencapsulation rate of microcapsule made by single coacervation with those by complex coacervation. Methods: Ketoconazole was used as the core and the gelatin - acacia gum was used as the sealing material. The microca psules were prepared by single coacervation and complex coacervation, respective ly. The shape and diameter of the microcapsule prepared were observed under micr oscope, the quantity of ketoconazole in the two kinds of microcapsules was measu red by UV spectrophotometry and their microencapsulated rates of the two microca psules were determined. Results: Appearance of these microca psules was white powder prepared by either single coacervation or complex one. T he diameter and microencapsulated rate of microcapsule prepared by single coacer vation were 32.20μm and 56.11%, respectively, while were 7.99μm and 83.42% by complex coacervation, respectively. Conclusion: When ket oconazole microcapsule is prepared by the phase separation - coacervation, comp lex coacervation is better than single one.


Introduction: The potential for Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in healthcare is immense, revolutionizing the delivery of medical services and improving patient outcomes. ICT efficiently manages health information, facilitating electronic health records (EHRs) and streamlined communication among healthcare professionals, leading to significant changes, especially in underserved areas.Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study took place between March and April 2023 among healthcare professionals in Kericho County, Kenya. Participants were selected using simple random sampling and completed a self-administered questionnaire. Data on the ICT status of health facilities were collected using a checklist. The qualitative component involved key informant interviews with a health record and information department officer. Collected data were entered into Excel and analysed using R software for quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data.Results: The study engaged 201 participants. Findings showed a 67.66% [95% CI=0.607, 0.741]; p-value<0.0001, uptake of ICT among healthcare workers. Those with computer training were approximately 10 times [OR = 10.867, 95% CI=3.121, 40.99] more likely to utilize ICT in service delivery than those without IT training. Operating at least one healthcare database was associated with over 2 times [OR=2.552, 95% CI=0.7475, 8.7195] higher likelihood of ICT uptake compared to those without this skill. Health facilities with eHealth platforms showed, on average, 38% higher [OR=1.386, 95% CI=0.7661, 2.223] utilization of ICT than those without.Conclusion: IT training for personnel is crucial, ensuring they can operate preferred health management and information systems (HMIS) within the sector. The presence of an IT department and the use of ICT for administrative purposes significantly affected the general uptake of ICT in health facilities. Additionally, infrastructure such as roads, power, and security had a significant association with ICT compliance. Improving these supportive elements will considerably enhance ICT uptake in healthcare.


Malignancies of the immune system are primarily represented by the malignant lymphomas and a smaller number of nonlymphoid neoplasms that originate from cells involved in antigen presentation and processing. The ability to correctly diagnose tumors of the immune system, which in many instances show little morphological variation, requires the careful application of both immunologic tumor markers and molecular (DNA- or RNA-based) tumor markers. The application of modern immunologic techniques and concepts has permitted the development of a conceptual framework that may be used to decipher the morphological diversity of these neoplasms and has shown the relationship of lymphoid and mononuclear phagocytic neoplasms to the normal immune and hematopoietic systems. In recent years, an increasing number of mouse monoclonal antibodies have become available for use in paraffin sections, eliminating the need to perform immunohistochemistry on frozen tissue sections. Lymphoblastic malignancies (LBL) are neoplasms of precursor T and B lymphocytes. They may present clinically as either lymphoblastic lymphoma or acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), and morphologically the T and B-lineage varieties of LBL are indistinguishable. The ability of the cells to form follicles correlates with the presence of dendritic reticulum cells (DRC), which can be identified in frozen and paraffin sections by using monoclonal antibodies reactive with CD21, CD23, CD35, or clusterin. Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HD) is an unusual neoplastic disorder because the neoplastic cells represent only a minority of the cells present in the tumor mass.


Ayanlar Hoyuk (Gre Hut), located 30km west of Şanliurfa, was discovered during surface surveys conducted in 2013. Ayanlar Hoyuk dated to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic Period, is a large- scale mound like Gobekli Tepe and Karahan Tepe, covering an overall surface area of 14 hectares. It was learned recently that three artefacts dated to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic period which are held by Şanliurfa Museum were brought from Ayanlar Hoyuk. The artefacts in Şanliurfa Museum and the finds recovered from Ayanlar Hoyuk during a surface survey have been identified as having characteristics similar to those from Kortik Tepe, Gobekli Tepe, Nevali Cori and Karahan Tepe. Consequently, Ayanlar Hoyuk should be dated between the early Pre-Pottery Neolithic Period B (EPPNB) and the mid-Pre-Pottery Neolithic Period B (MPPNB).


In some cases, convection heat transfer is a major source of thermal loss from a cavity receiver used in a solar dish application. As indicated in the previous study (Paitoonsurikarn et al, 2004), the presence of the wind can greatly affect the magnitude of the convection loss. However, the real effect at a cavity aperture also depends on the interaction between the wind and the dish structure. The present simulation investigates the relation between the magnitude of the freestream wind and that of the wind immediate to the cavity aperture at various wind directions. The configuration of the dish used in the study is that of the 20 m 2 dish currently used in the solar ammonia thermochemical demonstration plant at the ANU. The incidence angle is varied azimuthally, and ranges from -90 degree to 90 degree, corresponding to the wind normally incident on the back of the receiver and the back of the dish, respectively. It is found that the near-aperture velocity is the greatest when the incidence angle is equal to 0 degree, i.e. where the wind is parallel to the aperture plane. Interestingly, the near-aperture velocity magnitude versus the wind direction obviously shows a symmetrical behaviour. Simple correlations to estimate the magnitudes of the normal and parallel velocity components at the aperture from the free-stream wind speed and direction are proposed. The present results could be employed in conjunction with a combined convection correlation for convection loss prediction in the future work.


Superficial lymphangiomas are either cavernous type, diffuse or circumscribed (circumscriptum). Lymphangima circumscriptum (LC) is a rare benign condition characterized by the appearance of persistent clusters in the skin and subcutaneous tissue which may contain fluctuant cysts1. The first reported description ofLC was done by Fox and Fox2 in1878. They named it as lymphangiectodes2. The term LC is first used by Morris3 in1889. Complete surgical excision is the main treatment. Here we are reporting a case of lymphangioma circumscritum of the thigh in a six-year old girl.


The amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique is widely used in mapping of wheat as high polymorphism rates are obtained and the procedure is relatively simple. In this study the AFLP markers were targetted to wheat chromosome regions of interest, especially those in which random mapping approaches located relatively few markers. Results showed that the combination of bulk segregant analysis and AFLP markers could target new markers to regions of interest in wheat, and as a result, additional markers were identified for the dough mixing time and noodle colour traits. The new markers for noodle colour were closer to this trait than the markers previously identified by random procedures. As a result, their association with the trait was more significant, an aspect that is important for selection efficiency. In order to improve genome coverage, it was found that regions of chromosomes containing telomere sequences could be targetted using AFLPs combined with a telomere sequence anchor primer.


abstract Last year's anti-war demonstrations shook the world. It was a force de resistance of over a million people worldwide. People gathered on almost every continent to show their support for humanity and the survival of the complexities of democracy and to denounce neo-imperialism disguised as democracy. The war was clouded in an atmosphere of salvation: saving the women from Saddam Hussein. Yet any one of us knows quite clearly that the only loses in a war being waged by a patriarch are the women and their children. So much was and still is at stake. Here in Durban, whilst the reasons for the march were in solidarity with the rest of the global marchers, the religious and cultural differences were being played out on the streets. Women were being divided from women. The sisterhood and the women's movement was being fractured along religious lines. The only losers again, were the women and their children.


Nanoparticle uptake by aquatic organisms (such as fish) with concerns about possible side effects of nanoparticles (NPs) has been associated. The aim of this study was to assess toxicological effects of grass carp in the exposure of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) for 60 days. The research in the form of a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 3 replications and grass carp in a continuous flow system exposed to 0 (control), 0.1, 0.3, 0.8 and 2.4 mg/liter ZnO-NPs. Juveniles with an average weight of 20 grams were divided between 15 tanks (2015). With increase of concentration nanoparticle growth performance and feeding efficiency decreased. Lower dose of zinc oxide nanoparticles can improve the length and weight growth. By increasing the amount of zinc oxide nanoparticles nutritional factors, including specific growth rate, condition factor, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio decreased. Our studies showed that the measurement of growth factors in fishes can be used as an instrument to assess the toxicity of nanoparticles ZnO.


The multivariate statistical process monitoring methods represented by the partial least squares method are widely used in quality control and fault diagnosis. However, the existing partial least squares method has certain shortcomings in application. In order to enhance the nonlinear processing ability of system monitoring, a locally linear embedding enhanced partial least squares (LLEEPLS) model is proposed to enhance the local retention ability. By integrating the advantages of partial least squares and local linear embedding, the LLEEPLS model not only has the capability of PLS to extract the maximum correlation information between process variables and quality variables, but also enhance the local retention ability of PLS to keep the local structural information of the sampling data. The simulation of S-curve three-dimensional data shows that the LLEEPLS model can keep the local and global features of the original data better. And the results of TEP simulation verify the performance of LLEEPLS method for the quality-related fault diagnosis is better than that of the existing PLS model.


The revolving economy is the most advanced economic development mode.It is not only the requirement for the sustainable development strategy but also conform to the ideas of harmony society.In order to realize the objective of society of circulation type in China in 50 years,the following actions should be taken i.e.1,taking resources-saving as the basic state policy;2,growing the scientific ideas of administrative achievement and practicing green GDP accounting system;3,the law and regulation system for circulation of economy practiced in all-round way;4,making and practicing the proper incentive policy on the basis of co-ordination of department and institutions;and 5,exploring and innovating the practical mode of revolving economy and making expansion.


This study provides an analysis of Pakistan's bilateral trade in Economic Corporation Organization (ECO) region. The main purpose of this study is to assess the determinants of bilateral trade flows using the gravity trade model. Panel least square regression has been applied over the period of 1995 to 2015. Two types of gravity models have been estimated: traditional gravity trade model and modified gravity trade model. The study has identified income, population, distance, adjacency, area, landlockedness, continent and terrorism as the main drivers of Pakistan's bilateral trade flows with ECO countries. It is suggested that policies in Pakistan should focus on improving economic growth; offer incentives to Pakistani people to engage more in trade flows; improve transportation to trade with ECO countries; and take measures to eradicate terrorism.


As early as at the end of the 19th century, shortly after mathematical rules describing fluid flow—such as the Navier–Stokes equations—were developed, the idea of using them for flow simulations emerged. However, it was soon discovered that the computational requirements of problems such as atmospheric phenomena and engineering calculations made hand computation impractical. The dawn of the computer age also marked the beginning of computational fluid mechanics and their subsequent popularization made computational fluid dynamics one of the common tools used in science and engineering. From the beginning, however, the method has faced a trade-off between accuracy and computational requirements. The purpose of this work is to examine how the results of recent advances in machine learning can be applied to further develop the seemingly plateaued method. Examples of applying this method to improve various types of computational flow simulations, both by increasing the accuracy of the results obtained and reducing calculation times, have been reviewed in the paper as well as the effectiveness of the methods presented, the chances of their acceptance by industry, including possible obstacles, and potential directions for their development. One can observe an evolution of solutions from simple determination of closure coefficients through to more advanced attempts to use machine learning as an alternative to the classical methods of solving differential equations on which computational fluid dynamics is based up to turbulence models built solely from neural networks. A continuation of these three trends may lead to at least a partial replacement of Navier–Stokes-based computational fluid dynamics by machine-learning-based solutions.


This book attempts to revisit Singapore's urban experience since her independence three decades ago, and unfold the planning and development process behind its successful urban transformation. Topics covered by the chapters include: visionary planning; local planning; IT in planning practice; planning industrial estate development; urban conservation; recreation planning; and planning urban transportation.


The Oligocene Shaigalu member of the Khojak formation (Oligocene – Miocene), exposed in the Pishin basin, is dominated by sandstone with minor interbedded shale. Detailed petrographic analysis of the sandstones was carried out in order to determine mineral composition and provenance. Petrographic studies based on modal analysis of detrital modes revealed that the sandstones of the Shaigalu member of the Khojak formation in the study area are mostly composed of lithic fragments, quartz and minor proportion of feldspar. Among the main detrital modes, the quartz constitutes 5-50 %, feldspar 1-2 % and lithic fragments 23-75 %. These sandstones can be classified as lithic arenites with only one sample from Nisai section (Eocene) as quartz arenite having 94 % quartz. These sandstones are mostly fine grained, subrounded and moderately to well sorted, however a few samples are medium to coarse grained. These sandstones are compositionally immature and can be classified as lithic arenite. The QFL ternary plots show that the sandstones of the Shaigalu member of the Khojak formation were derived from recycled orogen, which probably derived from the early Himalaya highlands and Sulaiman thrust fold belt.
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Serial changes in serum CK and CK-MB activites have been widely used to estimate myocardial infarct size in experimental animal and human. We studied the possibility of enzymatic estimation of myocardial infarct size with serum LDH and LDH, activities in patients with acute myocardial infarction, in whom estimation of infarct size was difficult by analysis of serum CK and CK-MB time-activity curves. Serial determination of serum enzymes were performed in 21 patients with AMI. We developed the nomogram to estimate cumulative total CK and CK-MB release by serum LDH, after acute myocardial infarction in 15 patients,, and evaluated the reliability of the nomogram in 6 patients with acute myocardial infarction. The results were as follows: 1) Singnificantly close correlations were observed between cumulative total CK release and serum LDH and LDH, activities obtained 24-hourly for 7 days after the onset of acute myocardial infarction (r=0.694 to 0. 865, p<0.01). Especially, serum LDH and LDH, activities obtained day 2 after acute myocardial infarction and cumulative total CK release observed close correlation (r=0.819, p<0.005; r=0.807, p<0.005). 2) Significantly close correlations were observed between cumulative total CK-MB release and serum LDH and LDH, activities (r=0.642, to 0.918, p<0,05). Especially, serum LDH and LDH1 activities obtained day 2 after acute myocardial infarction and cumulative total CK-MB release observed close correlation (r=0.833, p<0.005: r=0.851, p<0.005). 3) Significantly close correlations between calculated actual total CK and CK-MB release and mean total CK and CK-MB release predicted by nomogram with serum n LDH activities were observed (r=0.842 to 0.973, p<0.05 n=6). 4) Significantly close correlations between calculated actual total CK and CK-MB release and mean total CK and CK-MB release predicted by nomogram with serum LDH, activities were observed (r=0.821 to 0,943, p<0.05, n=6). In summary, the total CK and CK-MB nomogram requiring a few blood samples were useful in late estimation of myocardial infarct size in patients whose infarction occurred 2~3 days prior to admission.


Abstract. This paper presents the Modular Assessment of
Rainfall–Runoff Models Toolbox (MARRMoT): a modular open-source toolbox
containing documentation and model code based on 46 existing conceptual
hydrologic models. The toolbox is developed in MATLAB and works with Octave.
MARRMoT models are based solely on traceable published material and model
documentation, not on already-existing computer code. Models are implemented
following several good practices of model development: the definition of model
equations (the mathematical model) is kept separate from the numerical
methods used to solve these equations (the numerical model) to generate
clean code that is easy to adjust and debug; the implicit Euler
time-stepping scheme is provided as the default option to numerically
approximate each model's ordinary differential equations in a more robust
way than (common) explicit schemes would; threshold equations are smoothed
to avoid discontinuities in the model's objective function space; and the
model equations are solved simultaneously, avoiding the physically unrealistic
sequential solving of fluxes. Generalized parameter ranges are provided to
assist with model inter-comparison studies. In addition to this paper and
its Supplement, a user manual is provided together with several
workflow scripts that show basic example applications of the toolbox. The
toolbox and user manual are available from https://github.com/wknoben/MARRMoT (last access: 30 May 2019; https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3235664). Our main
scientific objective in developing this toolbox is to facilitate the
inter-comparison of conceptual hydrological model structures which are in
widespread use in order to ultimately reduce the uncertainty in model
structure selection.


As facilities are growing airtight because of the curtailment of energy and skyscraperlization, resulting to the lack of ventilation inside facilities and the increasing diffusion of interior material using multi-chemicals, deepening the pollution in indoor air conditions. In this research estimation on the concentration of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) and formaldehyde(HCHO)-an indoor pollution cause that occurs in newly built apartment-is presented as preliminary information. Among the factors making a structure, volatile organic compounds and formaldehyde emitted from construction finishing materials have big influence on air pollution of the interior. Construction finishing materials are mostly used together with adhesives or other materials rather than they are used alone. This paper has carried out an experiment to investigate emission from construction materials, focusing on wallpaper and PVC floor plates that are used as finishing materials for bedrooms. According to each construction method, five sample specimens were made and the subjects of analysis were (VOCs) such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m,p-xylene, stylene and p-dichlorobenzene, and HCHO. Based on the change of emission of the five cases by time and the emission rate of each individual VOC, this paper compared and analyzed the emission characteristics between single material and composite material. To compare the data of construction materials with the result from the application to prediction-equation, we investigated the emission characteristics of the experimental material constructed at the apartment with the change of time and compared the end result with our prediction. The result of interior finishing materials is in case of volatile organic compound, initial emission factor and first-order decay coefficient of Composite material is 1.5~4-times as high as wallpaper. In case formaldehyde, initial emission factor of wallpaper+Water glue+Non-woven fabric+adhesive is 2-times as high as wallpaper and first-order decay coefficient of wallpaper is a little higher than excluding wallpaper+Water glue+Non-woven fabric. To estimate indoor density, a preliminary reducing model was used, estimated values resulted a lower standard rather than surveyed values, but the R² was over 0.9, a high correlating relation.


We reviewed our 11-year experience with 96 patients treated for salivary gland tumors originating in the parotid gland (72 patients, 75%), submandibular gland (11 patients, 11%), and minor salivary glands (13 patients, 14%). The most common histology was pleomorphic adenoma, 57% of the total (77% of the benign tumors). The distribution of patients according to the histology and the site of origin are summarized.Survival in patients with malignant tumors differed significantly according to the histological grade and clinical stage. Postoperative irradiation was useful in the local control of tumors with a high grade of malignancy and suspicion of microscopic residual disease. Chemotherapy for unresectable or recurrent carcinomas had a poor response rate (33%) and short response duration (8 to 12 weeks).


Mobile Adhoc Network is a self-configuring network in which the nodes can communicate with other node without getting help from the network infrastructure. For forwarding packets each node in the network can work both host and router. Various routing protocols like Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Adhoc On demand Distance Vector, Destination Sequence Distance Vector (DSDV) and Routing Information Protocol (RIP) have been proposed. In this work the performance comparison of DSR and RIP routing protocols has been made by considering fault node and without fault node. The simulation is done to analyze different parameters of routing protocols like average delay, throughput, average jitter, number of packets enqueued and dequeued etc., using EXATA Network Simulator version 5.1.


Biological degradation of pesticides may be enhanced by using a suitable carrier that sustains microbial growth. The char matrix (TRB Char) was evaluated as a biocarrier, and is produced by three sequential cocurrent gasifications of coal. The nature of TRB Char and the large pores provides an ideal matrix for mixing, drying, and retaining liquid wastes. The macropore structure of TRB Char is also ideal for microbial growth. Plate counts were conducted to monitor the extent of microbial growth following 20 and 504 hours of growth. Additionally, electron micrograph scans showed location of microbial growth on the char particle. By 21 days 10{sup 8} colony forming units per gram of bacteria had grown. The electron micrographs showed that the macropore structure of TRB Char is an ideal shelter for microbial growth throughout the char particle. TRB Char could serve as a biocarrier for pesticide degradation.


1. From the Beginnings : GG is Gonna Whip Everybody. 2. Celebrity, Tricks, and Culture: Float like a Butterfly, Sting like a Bee. 3. Trickster Queers the World: I Don't Have to Be What You Want Me to Be. 4. The Irony of Global Cultures: No Viet Cong ever Called me Nigger. 5. Coming Home to the Heart of Darkness: When we were Kings. 6. Trickster Bodies and Cultural Death: You'll Die One Day So Better Get Ready. Ali and the World: A Chronology. Notes. Acknowledgments. Index.


We have compared and analyzed the theoretical possibility for the extreme reduction in the linewidth enhancement (α- factor) in strained layer quantum-well (QW) lasers for AlGaInAs and InGaAsP material. Valence band structure and optical gain in both types of QWs under compressive strain have been calculated using 4×4 Luttinger-Kohn Hamiltonian. The Luttinger parameters of these quaternary materials were determined from the linear interpolation between the values of their respective binaries. The α-factor has been calculated as the ratio of the carrier induced change in real component of the complex refractive index to that in imaginary component of the refractive index. We have used Kramers-Kronig relations to calculate the refractive index change due to carrier induced. The α-factor was up to 1.5 times smaller in AlGaInAs QW than in InGaAsP QW lasers. The material modal differential gain is found to be approximately 1.38 times larger and material carrier induced refractive index change is 1.16 times smaller in the former material than the latter, respectively.


Clinical efficacy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with anti‐CD20 (Rituximab)‐mediated B‐cell depletion has garnered interest in the mechanisms by which B cells contribute to autoimmunity. We have reported that B‐cell depletion in a murine model of proteoglycan‐induced arthritis (PGIA) leads to an increase in Treg cells that correlate with decreased autoreactivity. Here, we demonstrate that the increase in Treg cells after B‐cell depletion is due to an increase in the differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into Treg cells. Since the development of PGIA is dependent on IFN‐γ and B cells are reported to produce IFN‐γ, we hypothesized that B‐cell‐specific IFN‐γ plays a role in the development of PGIA. Accordingly, mice with B‐cell‐specific IFN‐γ deficiency were as resistant to the induction of PGIA as mice that were completely IFN‐γ deficient. Importantly, despite a normal frequency of IFN‐γ‐producing CD4+ T cells, B‐cell‐specific IFN‐γ‐deficient mice exhibited a higher percentage of Treg cells compared with that in WT mice. These data indicate that B‐cell IFN‐γ production inhibits Treg‐cell differentiation and exacerbates arthritis. Thus, we have established that IFN‐γ, specifically derived from B cells, uniquely contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmunity through prevention of immunoregulatory mechanisms.


Recently Gimon and Johnson and Dabholkar and Park have constructed type I theories on K3 orbifolds. The spectra differ from that of type I on a smooth K3, having extra tensors. We show that the orbifold theories cannot be blown up to smooth K3{close_quote}s, but rather {bold Z}{sub 2} orbifold singularities always remain. Douglas{close_quote}s recent proposal to use D-branes as probes is useful in understanding the geometry. The {bold Z}{sub 2} singularities are of a new type, with a different orientifold projection from those previously considered. We also find a new world-sheet consistency condition that must be satisfied by orientifold models. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}


Background Diagnosis of anaphylaxis is clinically based and usually straightforward. However, data on the epidemiology of anaphylaxis, particularly the most profound and life‐threatening form such as anaphylactic shock are limited and thought to be under‐reported.


Because of the complex boundary condition for the folded waveguide traveling-wave tube (FWTWT), there is no accurate circuit fields for FWTWT from now on. It is very difficult to compute the alternating current (AC) space-charge fields which are the key to study the nonlinear beam-wave interaction of FWTWT. In this paper, a new method is investigated. It is show that the scalar potential which results from AC space-charge is very similar between disk-loaded waveguide and FWTWT. Both slow-wave structures are simulated by Maxwell software based on the same dimensions.


Development of a fistula between the main renal vessels after nephrectomy has heretofore been a rare occurrence, but its increasing frequency would seem to result from increased interest in detection of this fistula. The authors present a rare case of arteriovenous fistula following partial nephrectomy. Renal hyper tension following nephrectomy, also quite rare, developed in this case.


This article presents theory and rationale for game-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (GB-CBT), an integrative group modality for treating elementary school-aged children who have been sexually abused. GB-CBT incorporates evidence-based elements from cognitive-behavioral therapy, play therapy, and group therapy. The model's curriculum contains topics that have been demonstrated to be effective for treating child sexual abuse, including communication skills, emotional expression skills, psycho-education about child abuse, exposure and processing of sexual abuse, and self-protection and coping skills. Treatment is delivered in a fun and engaging manner utilizing developmentally appropriate games (DAGs) as the primary therapeutic technique. GB-CBT was designed to address behavioral problems and symptoms typically associated with child sexual abuse and aims to enhance children's knowledge of abuse and self-protection skills.


Ten years ago the prehistoric soil of Europe was literally riddled with 'pit dwellings' in which our ancestors slept and cooked, huddled together like soldiers in a bell tent. I suppose it was wraithes from Tacitus and Xiphilinus combining in the minds of 16th century antiquaries with more exact travellers' tales of the earth lodges of the Red Indians that caused this overcrowding of the pits. For the holes in the ground are there right enough: it is only in the last ten years that Bersu and Paret have evicted their human occupants to make room for the pigs and weevils these would properly accommodate. Thanks to them we realize that neither Stone Age Danubians nor Iron Age Britons were housed in subterranean silos or semi-subterranean sties. But it is only fair to remark that Laszlo and Marton in Hungary and Schuchhardt in Germany before the first world war had identified commodious houses built above the ground on a frame of stout posts. Today it is plain that such farm houses were normal from the beginning of the new stone age wherever excavators' technique is adequate for their recognition, and it is to their description that I must devote most of this sketch.


Widespread use of microwave technology requires quantitative scale-up models. Currently, microwave models are typical qualitative in nature. This work focuses on rendering models quantitative and e...


Two lobate ctenophores, Bolinopsis infundibulum and Mnemiopsis leidyi, occur in the North Sea. Stomach contents of field-collected B. infundibulum were recorded and clearance rates for cladocerans and copepods calculated. In starvation experiments, daily body carbon losses of 2.2 and 1.2% and total carbon content losses of 76 and 63% were observed for B. infundibulum (after 68 days) and M. leidyi (after 67 days), respectively.


For some time we've observed growing forces that have finally led to a tipping point in the world of brands – demonstrating that emotional engagement is now the dominant driver of purchase decisions and brand loyalty across virtually all brand categories. The result of this shift is a growing polarization among brands – in a…


This paper investigates the problem of Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation using a 2D novel smart antenna array configuration that was recently presented by the authors in [1]. The proposed 2D novel configuration overcomes the drawback of uniform linear array (ULA) which cannot detect signals arriving at grazing incidence. The proposed 2D novel array configuration is able to resolve signals arriving from narrowband plane wave sources close to the array endfire. The proposed array configuration comprises of doubly crossed uniform linear arrays (ULAs) so that the size and computational load of the proposed array is identical to that of a 2N-element conventional ULA. MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) is used as a tool of radio signal detection and estimation. A comparative study between ULA and the proposed 2D novel array is carried out in terms of effect of SNR (signal to noise ratio), number of scatterers, and number of snapshots.