gted, if not by the germ described by Koch ? Sanitation removed wsedIsposing causes, and 80 gave protection, providing no nidus in hih the cholera-geim might grow; but it did not remove the poiso. )Dr. BALARD said there might be a cholera-germn ; but this was a ydifficult qestion, and there was no proof that cholera was produoed by the introduction of a germ. Dr. Cutningham had shown that in India cholera (lid not spread as other infectious diseases did. When cholera broke out in India, the plan adopted was to move the troops. In the face of the Indian experience, it was very difficult to place cholera in the same class with fevers, or other diseases known to be contagious There was a strong distinction between them ; the public should know this, and shotld not be afraid of removing cases of cholera. Mr. D. DAVIES (Bristol), President of the Section, said that the came of cholera was destnrctible by chemicals. His first experience of the disease was in the Bristol workhouse, where, in a few days, 146 pomona died. Above and beyond sanitation, there was something portable in water which communicated the disease. Cleanliness and cholera might go together. If cholera was brought into a town or district capable of spreading it, it would make its ravages felt. This was proved by his experience of the epidemics in Bristol in 1849 and 1866. He gave up the germ-tlheory altogether, but the use of quan. tities of sulphate of iron in the main drains of Bristol during the epidemic showed that the disease was, as he had said, portable, but that it could be destroyed by the use of chemicals. Dr. A. J. MACARTHUR (Edinburgh) said that cholera was very much dependent for its existence on local conditions, more particularly on the state of the water-supply. He gave as an illustration that, in the epidemic of 1866,while St. Morrance, although under the same sanitary condition with respect to want of drainage as the neighbouring town of Pittenweern, escaped a visitation of cholera, Pittenweem suffered sererely: the only difference in outward condition being that the water'supply of St. Morrance came from a loch in the neighbourhood, whereas Pittenweem was supplied with water from wells which were much cnontaminatedPJ Mr. F. M. CORNE}R (London) recited the reparations made last year in Poplar, to arrest cholera. Precisely the same lines were followed as those of Dr. Budd and Mr. Davies at Bristol, in 1866. They included skilled nurses, instructed specially at once to take charge of cases; to isolate others; and, where necessary, to take into their homehospital cases requiring removal; the systematic disinfection of drains, and of all inlets from the house and surroundings; and attention to early diarrhcea. He referred to the experience of the Post-office in 1866 in preventing both diarrhoea and cholera by simple astringent remedies, including sulphuric acid lemonade as a pleasant summer dransLhtDr. PArIN said that Dr. Pringle's paper was a most valuable contribntion, and should be printed and sent to the Cholera Congress in Rome. There was such a thing as cholera among monkevs. In one distTict, cholera was due to the consumption of drinking water containing a mass of infusoria. He did not like the use of the term germ as indicating the origin of the disease, he would rather call it cholera. influence. He could understand contagion. Surgeon-Major PRIN'GLE had had tbirty years' service in India, and had had cholera without knowing how he got it. Local and personal influences were most important in the causation of the disease. With regard to the dejecta, the burial, and the use of Aloule's earth-closets had been advocated ; but Pasteur had stated that worms carried the disease-matter to the surface. It would be better to cremate the dejecta. The isolation of crews of vCssels attacked by cholera was of the greatest importance. He hoped that Dr. Paine's paper would be made public, if only to show that we were prepared to spend much in amen ing the conditions known to be important in the propagation of the disease.


Objective: To study the bioequivalence of cefpodoxime oral suspensions in healthy volunteers. Methods: Twenty normal volunteers were enrolled in a randomized crossover study. Each volunteer was given a single oral dose of 200 mg cefpodoxime suspension (test preparation) or cefpodoxime tablet (reference preparation) for comparison. The plasma concentrations of cefpodoxime were determined by microbiologic assay. Results: The pharmacokinetic parameters of cefpodoxime suspension and cefpodoxime tablet were: tmax(2.8±0.5) and (3.1 ±0.5) h respectively; Cmax(2.85±0.55) and (2. 55±0.62) mg/L, t1/2 (2.2±0.2) and (2. 3±0.3) h; AUC0-t(16. 56±3.96) and (14.79±3.77) mg·h·L-1. The relative bioavailability of cefpodoxime oral suspension was 115.0% ± 27.1% . Conclusions: Cefpodoxime suspensions and cefpodoxime tablet are bioequivalent.


The efficiency of charge transfer at the interface of transition metals loaded on TiO2 as well as the active reduction site undoubtedly define the kinetics of H2 production. Here, we report the interfacial charge process of various transition metals (Fe, Ni, Cu, and Au) embedded in mesoporous core‐shell nanostructures, which provides further insight into the photocatalytic H2 evolution. Au was found to be the most active cocatalyst for the H2 evolution. Au nanoparticles (NPs) collect electrons and become a very efficient reduction site, promoting both charge separation and H2 evolution. The scavenging capacity of Au was found to be the highest compared to other NPs. Cu(I), which is as active as Au, but at a higher loading, also shows an ability for electron scavenging and acts as an active site under UV excitation, or rather injects electrons into the TiO2 conduction band under visible excitation. Ni(II) NPs were found to be involved in charge‐carrier separation through hole collection and their contribution to hydrogen evolution is expected to be limited to visible absorption and electron injection. The same behavior occurs with Fe(III), however, it is less efficient for H2 generation due to the weak charge‐carrier lifetime. We show that only Cu(I) could compete with noble metals such as Au, presenting electron‐scavenging behavior. Understanding the charge‐carrier dynamics will help design a very efficient system for photocatalytic H2 generation system.


A time-dependent variational principle is used to dequantize a second-order quadrupole boson Hamiltonian. The classical equations for the generalized coordinate and the constraint for the angular momentum are quantized and then analytically solved. A generalized Holmberg–Lipas formula for energies is obtained. A similar J(J + 1) dependence is provided by the coherent state model in the large deformation regime, by using an expansion in powers of 1/x for energies, with x denoting a deformation parameter squared. A simple compact expression is also possible for the near-vibrational regime. These three expressions have been used for 44 nuclei covering regions characterized by different dynamic symmetries or in other words belonging to all the known nuclear phases. Nuclei satisfying the specific symmetries of the critical point in the phase transitions O(6) → SU(3), SU(5) → SU(3) have also been considered. The agreement between the results and the corresponding experimental data is very good. This is reflected in very small root mean square values of deviations.


Phase transitions below ambient temperature in the heptanoic anhydride–urea inclusion compound have been investigated using X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry; one of these phase transitions (at ca. 179K on cooling) is associated with a change in the mode of three-dimensional ordering of the heptanoic anhydride guest molecules with no detectable change in the host (urea) structure, and represents the first reported example of this type of phase transition for urea inclusion compounds.


cratering is a ubiquitous on and small bodies in the solar for impact craters on the provide a valuable opportunity to constrain planetary-scale impact event. In particular, reconstruction of shock pressure in the shock-metamorphosed minerals leads to a clue to understand a partition of the impact energy and cratering mechanism on Earth.


A concept is presented for a microwave radiometer in space to measure soil moisture and ocean salinity as part of an 'Earth Probe' mission. The measurements could be made using an array of stick antennas. The L-band channel (1.4 GHz) would be the primary channel for determining soil moisture, with the S-band (2.65-GHz) and C-band (5.0-GHz) channels providing ancillary information to help correct for the effects of the vegetation canopy and possibly to estimate a moisture profile. A preliminary study indicates that an orbit at 450 km would provide coverage of better than 95 percent of the earth every 3 days. A 10-km resolution cell (at nadir) requires stick antennas about 9.5-m long at L-band. The S-band and C-band sticks would be substantially shorter (5 m and 2.7 m, respectively).


Mechanical alloying is applied to prepare Nd-Fe-B and Sm-Fe-TM-type permanent magnets (TM: transition metals). Starting from elemental powders, the hard magnetic phases are formed by milling in a planetary ball mill and a successive solid-state reaction at relatively low temperatures. For Nd-Fe-B, the magnetically isotropic particles are microcrystalline, show a high coercivity (up to 20 kOe for ternary alloys and above for Dysubstituted samples) and can be either used for making bonded magnets or compacted to dense isotropic magnets by hot uniaxial pressing. Magnetically anisotropic samples are formed by die-upsetting. With regard to grain size, magnetic properties, compaction and formation of anisotropy, the mechanically alloyed material is comparable with rapidly quenched Nd-Fe-B. The mechanical alloying process has also been applied to prepare magnetic material of 3 new Sm-Fe-TM phases. In Sm-Fe-V with the ThMn12 crystal structure, coercivities up to 11.8 kOe, in Sm-Fe-Zr with the PuNi3 crystal structure coercivities up to 14.8 kOe and in A2-phase Sm-Fe-Ti giant coercivities up to 64 kOe (at room temperature) were achieved.


Abstract A Bronsted acid catalyzed cascade radical addition/cyclization of arylacrylamides with ketones was described. The reaction tolerates a series of functional groups, such as nitro, methoxyl, carbonyl, bromo, chloro, fluoro, and trifluoromethyl groups. γ-Peroxyketones were also prepared using N -arylsulfonyl-acrylamides as substrates under acid-catalyzed conditions.


A general method has been developed for determining the developing magnetohydrodynamic flow in the entrance region of a parallel-plate channel. Closed form solutions are obtained. Numerical results are presented for the development of velocity distribution, pressure drop, and magnetohydrodynamic entrance length at different Hartmann numbers. At large Hartmann numbers, the magnetic field effect becomes dominant and the magnetohydrodynamic entrance length becomes negligible. Also, the pressure drop is enhanced by the magnetic field. Comparison of results with direct numerical analysis shows excellent agreement.-


General purpose, efficient numerical ordinary‐differential‐equation (ODE) methods, combined with the employment of a predictor–corrector procedure, are introduced for solving the underwater acoustic parabolic wave equation. The formulation and theory of applicable ODE methods and a PCm procedure are outlined. Some results of ODE solutions for sound propagation from shallow to deep water with a sloping rigid bottom are included. The merits of ODE methods are discussed.


more or less in a straight line of strike, and its distance across at right angles to the bedding is perhaps scarcely a quarter of that occupied by parts of the so-called inversion of the Tanol and metamorphic rocks of the Northern Punjab. The dip angles in these last, too, are greatly lower than those along the Pir Panjal. Except for the uppermost beds being the most metamorphosed, it may be doubted whether any one would feel compelled to invoke the aid of an inexplicable inversion in order to contradict very ordinary and self-evident structural facts. That inversion is frequently present in disturbed districts, no field-geologist would deny; but where its presence is unnecessary to explain the facts, this need not be asserted on insufficient evidence, nor does there seem to be any conclusive reason why metamorphism need always, or only be assumed to have acted vertically upwards. If the relative position of the rocks could have been explained by simple inversion, and if the unconformity at the base of the TanolInfia-Trias group, which could not have escaped participation in the overthrow, had no existence; it would have been a very simple matter to assign conjectural places to each of the groups older than the fossil-bearing Trias. Geological difficulties are not to be solved, however, by losing sight of the conditions presented to observation. The riddles of the northern Punjab may be doubtless read when ample time and patient labour have been devoted to recording each geological feature upon large-scale maps and in carefully made sections; till this can be done, it will be wiser to put forward the mere speculations of cabinet geology accompanied by ample reservations, and to refrain from accepting theories as facts.


The book is a question and answer form of significant information on cooperation in the field of justice and home affairs. Its topic refers to community police, judicial matters and even to training and education. The authors are from different parts of policing organizations and besides even from ministries and the Prime Minister's Office.
It is a very useful reference book for anyone interested in this topic.


Plant extracts have long been used in commercial agriculture as
anti-microbial tools in food safety applications. These offer growers and
agrobiologists many unique benefits which include their eco-friendliness. This
work reviews the situation of Biofungicides reconnaissance in reference to
fungal disease of cowpea. Twenty different pathogens were associated with
various fungal diseases of cowpea and, only the species of Colletotrichum was found to have the virulence and propensity of
afflicting a 100% infection on a single susceptible cowpea crop. Plant families
under the affliction of Colletotrichum were analyzed. The different forms of botanicals so far availed for use as
potential biofungicidal were identified. Eighteen plant families were found to
represent the entire plants and plant materials agrobiologically screened
within a range of thirteen years and found to habour large spectra of species
containing substances of biofungicidal potentials. Current position in the use
of Botanicals to combat agricultural pests and disease is 7% of the total
cowpea disease management options.


................................................................................................................................................................... 10 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................... 12 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE .............................................................................................................................. 14 1. Human mammary gland epithelium ........................................................................................14 1.1 Cytokeratin expression in normal human mammary gland............................................................................... 16 1.2 Mammary gland stem/progenitor cells.............................................................................................................. 18 2. Breast cancer stem cells ............................................................................................................21 3. Basal phenotype breast cancer .................................................................................................23 3.1 Identification of basal phenotype breast cancer with immunohistochemistry................................................... 23 3.2 Identification of basal phenotype breast cancer with gene expression microarrays .......................................... 25 3.3 Prevalence of basal phenotype tumors in sporadic breast cancers .................................................................... 26 3.4 Association of the basal phenotype with BRCA1 in hereditary and sporadic tumors....................................... 27 3.5 Morphological features and histological type of basal phenotype breast cancer............................................... 29 3.6 Clinicopathological and biological characteristics of basal phenotype breast cancer ....................................... 30 3.7 Association of basal phenotype breast cancer with HER-2 status..................................................................... 32 3.8 Genetic alterations in basal phenotype tumors .................................................................................................. 33 3.9 Prognosis of basal phenotype breast cancer ...................................................................................................... 33 3.10 Treatment of basal phenotype breast cancer ................................................................................................... 35 4. HER-2 oncogene in breast cancer............................................................................................36 4.1 Methods in the assessment of HER-2 status...................................................................................................... 38 4.1.1 Detection of HER-2 gene amplification by FISH...................................................................................... 39 4.1.2 Detection of HER-2 gene amplification by CISH ..................................................................................... 40 AIMS OF THE STUDY ................................................................................................................................................. 42 MATERIALS AND METHODS ................................................................................................................................... 43 1. Tumor samples and cell lines ...................................................................................................43 1.1 Study I ............................................................................................................................................................... 43 1.2 Study II.............................................................................................................................................................. 43 1.3 Study III ............................................................................................................................................................ 44 1.4 Study IV ............................................................................................................................................................ 44 2. Immunohistochemistry (I,II,IV)...............................................................................................45 2.1 The optimization of basal phenotype breast cancer detection (I) ...................................................................... 46 2.2 Double immunostaining of CK5/14 and Ki-67 (IV) ......................................................................................... 47 2.3 Interpretation of the immunohistochemical stainings (I,II,IV).......................................................................... 48 3. In situ hybridization (I-IV) .......................................................................................................48 3.1 Dual-color chromogenic in situ hybridization (dc-CISH, III) ........................................................................... 49 3.1.1 Pretreatment............................................................................................................................................... 49 3.1.2 Hybridization............................................................................................................................................. 49 3.1.3 Detection of the hybridized probes............................................................................................................ 50 3.2 Fluorescence in situ hybridization (III) ............................................................................................................. 50 3.3 Scoring of dc-CISH and FISH samples (III) ..................................................................................................... 51 4. Statistical methods (I-IV)..........................................................................................................51


A semi-Markov process method for obtaining general counting statistics for open quantum systems is extended to the scenario of resetting. The simultaneous presence of random resets and wave function collapses means that the quantum jump trajectories are no longer semi-Markov. However, focusing on trajectories and using simple probability formulas, general counting statistics can still be constructed from reset-free statistics. An exact tilted matrix equation is also obtained. The inputs of these methods are the survival distributions and waiting-time density distributions instead of quantum operators. In addition, a continuous-time cloning algorithm is introduced to simulate the large-deviation properties of open quantum systems. Several quantum optics systems are used to demonstrate these results.


In order to meet the need of the new developing situation of the higher education, the university library must make the reform of the managerial system. This paper expounds the basic principles of the development of the university library, puts forward the targets and measures for deepening the reform of the university library, that are practicing and perfecting the library director's responsibility system, practicing the all-staff's appointment system, practicing the objective management responsibility system and building a librarian ranks with higher quality.


Helping children to learn about the health and wellbeing needs of a beloved pet, or a favourite type of animal, through role-play, games and visits, can open up the prime and specific areas of learning.


Disputes of teacher employment can be resolved not only by way of appeal,but personnel disputes arbitration and lawsuit.Lawsuit of personnel disputes is deficient since personnel relationships are complicated.Along the development of personnel system,personnel relationship between teachers and schools will probably turn to labor relationship or administrative relationship.The difference of these two possibilities is that we should apply private law or public law to resolve disputes between teachers and schools.


A delayed SEIRS epidemic model with pulse vaccination and nonlinear incidence rate is proposed. We analyze the dynamical behaviors of this model and point out that there exists an infection-free periodic solution which is globally attractive if 𝑅1l1, 𝑅2g1, and the disease is permanent. Our results indicate that a short period of pulse or a large pulse vaccination rate is the sufficient condition for the eradication of the disease. The main feature of this paper is to introduce time delay and impulse into SEIRS model and give pulse vaccination strategies.


The utility model discloses a multipurpose purification post integrated module. Two integrated hole sets are arranged on the upper portion of an integrated board, each hole set consists of a water inlet hole, a first water outlet hole and a second water outlet hole, and the first water outlet hole of the first integrated hole set is communicated with the water inlet hole of the second integrated hole set. Four purification post connecting hole sets are arranged on the lower portion of the integrated board, each connecting hole set consists of a first water inlet hole, a second water inlet hole and a water outlet hole, the first water inlet holes and the second water inlet holes of two of the four connecting hole sets are communicated with the first water outlet hole and the second water outlet hole of the first integrated hole set, the water inlet holes of the two connecting hole sets are communicated with the water outlet holes of the first integrated hole set, the first water inlet holes and the second water inlet holes of the other two connecting hole sets are communicated with the first water outlet hole and the second water outlet hole of the second integrated hole set, the water inlet holes of the two connecting hole sets are communicated with the water outlet holes of the second integrated hole set by connecting holes inside the integrated board, and at least one purification post is arranged below the integrated board. The multipurpose purification post integrated module is smart in conception and can realize series connection, parallel connection or series and parallel mixed connection of a plurality of purification posts conveniently and accurately.


This article argues that the structures of spectatorial complicity offered in Lars von Trier's films illustrate how entwined cinema, sexuality, and the political can be. Antichrist and Nymphomaniac are especially apt films through which to explore the question of spectatorial complicity since both incite strong feelings through scenarios of sex and sexualized violence. Both films assail the viewer with scenes that might be difficult or pleasurable to watch, and which have an uncertain relationship to these apparently socially-engaged themes. The politics of these films depends upon the generation of an intense and perversely destabilizing affective relationship with the spectator.


The utility model discloses an intelligent low power consumption power supply adaptor which can be used for providing multiple power supply or charging ways for products such as a notebook computer, digital equipment, a mobile phone, a walkman, an MP3 or an MP4 and the like. The intelligent low power consumption power supply adaptor comprises a switch power circuit, a control circuit and a standby low power consumption control circuit, wherein the control circuit comprises a charging switch connected with an output end of the switch power circuit, an output module connected with an output end of a charge switch, and an MCU microcomputer control circuit connected with an output end of the output module; and the standby low power consumption control circuit comprises a standby turn-off circuit connected with an output end of the MCU microcomputer control circuit, and an auxiliary power supply connected with the output end of the MCU microcomputer control circuit. The intelligent low power consumption power supply adaptor has the standby power consumption which is less than 0.5W, is applicable to various different output ports, and can display the charging state.


The introduction of "teacher as a researcher" is an important symptom of elementary and secondary school teachers becoming main force of educational research.Generally the educational meaning of "teacher as a researcher" includes: producing educational knowledge to solve the realistic problem in the teaching process;transforming educational notion and theory into practical power;improving teacher's professional development in the reform to benefit the return of the main body of teachers.


The frontier of 1935 is the social boundary where meet two great classes of Americans those who have and those who want. It is a frontier which, like every other frontier, separates this from that. The this and the that of 1935 make a line of cleavage upon which the American future rests. The this and the that of yesterday were geographic zones; for the old historic frontier separated the occupied areas of the United States from the region next beyond, which, though capable of being farmed, was yet in virgin state. The new frontier differs from the old in that on either side


The world has been gripped by a pandemic which is highly contagious in nature called the coronavirus. The Covid- 19 virus started spreading from China to various parts of the world since the end of 2019 and reached India in January 2020. With social distancing as the primary measure identified to curb the pandemic, many nations announced lockdown. India too followed the same. The government announced the lockdown guidelines which included closing down of shops, private and commercial establishments along with stoppage of all passenger means of transportation. With only essential products like groceries, vegetables, medicines and fruits available, the citizens experience panic with regards to stocking up products needed for survival. So also, restrictive movements led to the dominance of digital platforms like social media in the lives of people. Social media usage grew multi fold specially in the urban and semi urban areas.


. We consider a price-maker company which generates electricity and sells it in the spot market. The company can increase its level of installed power by irreversible installations of solar panels. The electricity price evolves as an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process, whose drift is negatively impacted by the current level of the company's installed power. The company aims at maximizing the total expected profits from selling electricity in the market, net of the total expected proportional costs of installation. This problem is modeled as a two-dimensional degenerate singular stochastic control problem . We find that the optimal installation strategy is triggered by a curve which separates the waiting region , where it is not optimal to install additional panels, and the installation region , where it is. Such a curve is the unique strictly increasing solution of a first-order ordinary differential equation. Finally, we show numerically the dependence of the optimal installation strategy on the model's parameters.


Successful deterrence, it is argued, requires a combination of military capabilities and bargaining behavior that enhances a defender's credibility without provoking a potential attacker. Hypotheses on the political and military conditions under which extended-immediate deterrence is likely to succeed or fail are formulated and tested by probit analysis on fifty-eight historical cases. The empirical results indicate that (1) the military capability of the defender to deny the potential attacker a quick and decisive victory on the battlefield enhances deterrence; (2) a policy of reciprocity in diplomacy and military actions by the defender contributes strongly to deterrence success; and (3) a past record of backing down under pressure or intransigence in confrontations with the potential attacker increases the likelihood of deterrence failure.


The objective of this paper is to present the response measurements of a deepwater Tension Leg Platform a significant earthquake which occurred approximately 9.4 miles away from this platform. The geological aspects are not discussed. The dynamic tension levels resulting from this quake are minor, they are far less than the extreme tensions under storm and hurricane conditions. There is a small increase in mean tendon tension which might be the result of some very minor subsidence. The accelerations are primarily in the vertical direction with maximum amplitude of about 0.005 G.


Exhibition at Chelsea Space, London, 22 January - 9 March 2013
The exhibition featured two 3-channel video installations by STURTEVANT and video works and objects by SECONDEDITIONS.
The project explored concepts of 'reflection and symmetry' and resulted from a correspondence between STURTEVANT (1924-2014) and SECONDEDITIONS initiated in 2002.


Abstract We present simultaneous observations of continuum (3.5 and 1.3cm) and water maser line emission (1.3cm) carried out with the VLA-A toward the high-mass object IRAS 23139+5939. We detected two radio continuum sources at 3.5cm separated by 0"5 (~2400 AU), I23139 and I23139S. Based on the observed continuum flux density and the spectral index, we suggest that I23139 is a thermal radio jet associated with a high-mass YSO. On the other hand, based on the spatio-kinematical distribution of the water masers, together with the continuum emission information, we speculate that I23139S is also a jet source powering some of the masers detected in the region.


A plant disease diagnosis method based on color histogram invariant features, is evaluated on pear diseases. The employed fuzzy-like classification method is tested with five different normalization methods applied on Red-Green-Blue (RGB), Hue-Saturation-Lightness (HSL), Hue-Saturation-Value (HSV) and $\mathbf{L}^{\ast}\mathbf{a}^{\ast}\mathbf{b}$ format. Three metrics (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy) are used to assess the success of each normalization method. The experimental results show that the success in the disease recognition can be improved by up to 4% if appropriate color normalization is employed.


Molecular diffusivity and solubility of oxygen are basic parameters in the interpretation of all oxygen mass transfer data. When these values are measured incorrectly or by some undefined method, the error incurred necessarily appears in any analysis of mass transfer processes in absorption apparati; a detailed analysis carried out on the basis of suspect values is obviously pointless. A typical process is submerged aerobic fermentation, where fermentation broths are mostly multicomponent non-Newtonian mixtures for which experimental data and useful correlations of diffusivities and solubilities are scarce. The publication of a new, rapid method for measuring these quantities understandably attracts a considerable amount of interest. In recent years, Ho et al. suggested a number of such methods'-6 based on analyses of steady-state andlor un-steadystate oxygen diffusion through a thin layer of test solution on the surface of a membrane-covered oxygen probe. The methods'-4 based on the analysis of the steady-state signal of the probe received some critic^"^ for the values which the authors denoted as diffusivity ratios were in fact permeability ratios. The permeability ratio is equal to diffusivity ratio only if the solubility of oxygen in the test solution and in water are the same. This is the case of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) where the solubility remains practically unchanged up to about 2 wt% CMC. The diffusivities the authors measured in CMC solutions using the steady-state method' and those obtained using recently published un-steady-state method6 differ significantly not only in absolute values (differences to 40%) but also in trends of dependence on CMC concentration (Fig. 1). In one report,* they noted an increase of DL while in another article,6 the decrease with increasing CMC concentration. For this reason we performed following analysis of validity of the methods576 presented. To sum up, our objections are as follows:


A new genus and new species of Australian orthotyline is described: Warrumiris viridis gen. nov. et. sp. nov. The species is widespread in Australia, mostly in arid and semi-arid regions of the continent. The species is associated with two species of the scrophulariaceous genus Eremophila. The species has highly autapomorphic male genitalia, with the aedeagus mostly membraneous with elongate lobal sclerites. The significance of the male genitalia is discussed.


Temporal study of seaweeds was carried out between on February 2015 and November 2015 at Kampung Jawa Darat and Kampung Sungai Buntu at Pengerang, Johor, Malaysia. The research objectives were to study the diversity of seaweed and to determine the presence of fungal endophyte in the seaweed. The diversity of seaweed in the sampling site was calculated by using quadrat with 25 meter line transect by 3 replication for each site. The specimen were identified and processed in laboratory and kept for reference in the Algae Herbarium, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. The specimen for fungal endophyte isolation was collected randomly by choosing the complete thallus, transferred into sterile zip-lock plastic bag and kept in freezer until used. From this study, a total of 29 species have been successfully identified including 12 species of Chlorophyta, 2 species of Phaeophyta and 14 species of Rhodophyta. From February to November 2015, the number of species highly varied and a significant change in community structure was noted. Kampung Sungai Buntu shows the highest diversity throughout the study compared to Kampung Jawa Darat. Eighteen seaweed species were screened for the presence of fungal endophyte, Sargassum polycystum shows the highest number of fungal endophyte. This study documented the seaweed diversity in two sites at Pengerang, Johor that accommodates fungal endophytes.


Five new species of soldier beetles from the subfamilies Cantharinae and Silinae, Lycocerus elzbietae sp. nov., L. jonasi sp. nov., Rhagonycha acarigera sp. nov., Sucinorhagonycha groehni sp. nov. and Podosilis gedaniensis sp. nov., are described from Baltic amber. A female of Electronycha prussica Kazantsev, 2013 is described and illustrated for the first time. Attribution of Podistra (Absidia) kloevedali Fanti & Damgaard, 2018 to the genus Podistra Motschulsky, 1838 and to the subgenus Absidia Mulsant, 1862 is discussed.


It is important to compare and analyze digital camouflage from different countries to promote the continuous development of a camouflage combat uniform. This effort should lead to developing a camouflage pattern suitable for the domestic environment and expand its performance of night camouflage. Th...


Gear drives are critical components in mechanical power transmission system that has fascinated the attention for intensive explore of researcher and engineers. They are advantage over belt, rope and chain drives. Gears are most commonly used for power transmission in all the modern devices. They have been used extensively in the high-speed marine engines. Gear design has evolved to a high degree of perfection, the constant pressure to build less expensive, quieter running, lighter weight, reliable, less cost and more powerful machinery has lead to steady change in gear design. Today, the most significant new gear developments are in the area of materials. The objective of the present work is to focus on investigating the effects of face width, gear ratio, normal module, speed and helix angle on compressive stress of steel alloy(40 Ni2 Cr1 Mo28) helical gear for marine applications.


This examines the existing evidence on the concepts of citizen involvement, co-production and co-regulation with a view to understanding the extent to which the citizen can be brought into the process of regulation, especially at a local level, and how such participation can be achieved.


Data security has been a major concern as that of the faster processing of data. As the capability of data processing is being evolved, the attacks on these devices for the extraction of data also have been increasing day by day. The purpose of this work is to optimise the security of current crypto coprocessors with the help of Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) as key generator. The integration of LFSR with Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) will enhance the security when considering hash algorithms that have hardcoded keys which can be extracted through back tracing. By making the key input of the AES random, the device will be less prone to hardware attacks and back tracing the algorithm to extract the key value and thereby the data will be difficult. Here AES with 128-bit block size and key size is integrated with the 128-bit LFSR. All the simulations and implementations are done on Xilinx-Vivado.


The research investigated workers' awareness and perceptions of safety and legislation in the food industry
of Zimbabwe as a strategy to minimize occupational accidents. The research adopted a descriptive survey
design focusing on three purposively selected companies in the food manufacturing sector in Harare. A
sample size of 122 workers representing 10% of the total labourforce was selected through stratified
random sampling for questionnaires. Results of the survey revealed that most workers were not sure if their
work environment was safe and less than half of these workers were aware of safety and health legislation
in Zimbabwe. This scenario presents a challenge to improvement in safety and health at workplaces due to
workers' ignorance of prescribed legislative standards and practices. A massive collaborative campaign
must be done to ensure that workers are aware of safety and health laws and their application in order to
minimize occupational incidences.


ABSTRACT The long-range orientational order of liquid crystals (LCs) makes them excellent responsive materials for amplification and transduction of various biochemical events occurring at their interfaces. LC interfaces have been vastly explored for sensing of various macromolecules such as endotoxin, proteins, and disease markers. LC-based sensors possess several advantages over conventional methods in terms of not requiring intensive labour, label-free detection, and low-cost fabrication. However, the first challenge is to ensure the specificity of LC response towards a particular analyte. The second challenge is to design sensing platforms for the detection of small molecule analytes with equal selectivity and sensitivity. In this regard, aptamers have emerged as promising recognition probes due to their high binding affinity towards small molecules, high stability over antibodies, and fast response. The integration of aptamer-based sensing with LC interfaces has enabled the detection of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) targets, biologically important toxins, environmental pollutants, heavy metal ions, etc., with applicability in clinical samples. In this review, we recapitulate the recent advancements in the design of aptamer-based LC biosensors for the detection of DNA targets (by DNA hybridization), various biomolecules, and metal ions. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


A route for the stereoselective synthesis of N-(β-L-aspartyl)-α-D-glucopyranosylamine, a part structure of the nephritogenic glycopeptide, was developed by using 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl azide as a key intermediate.


An intelligent fuzzy controller is designed for the controlled objects which have the characteristics of time-delay nonlinear and variable parameters. The controller is composed of mindlike intelligent integral and two-dimensional fuzzy control. A regulating device is proposed for the valves that are always out of control. The device has the structure of a double-loop cascade control system and can realize intelligent switching. A number of simulations and practical applications show that the intelligent switch and intelligent fuzzy cascade reheated steam temperature control system which are configured and realized by using the CLC-04 programmable regulator have better controllability, anti-jamming, and robustness than that of a PID cascade system and a robust state-feedback cascade system.


BsiE I is a type H restriction endonuclease from a thermophilic Bacillus circulans strain isolated from soil. BsiE I in 11 culture was purified by using a DEAE sephacel column, enzyme eluted out at the flow through was loaded onto a heparin sepharose column. The bound BsiE I was eluted out at 0.4 - 0.5 M NaCl. BsiE I together with various known enzymes were used to cleave pACYC 184. The recognition sites ofBsiE I were mapped to positions 759, 1256, 1950, 2429 and 3683. Using a computer program 'Rezyme' written by D.R. Clark, we found that close to these positions, there is a common sequence of CGRYCG. The predicted numbers and sizes of fragments generated by cleavage of Ml3mpl8, pBR322, pUC19, pACYC177 and pACYC 184 at the sequence CGRYCG all match with that of BsiE I digestion on these DNAs (Fig. 1).


With a history dating back to the era of Prophet Muhammad ( صلى الله عليه وسلم ) , Muslims in Kerala, the second largest community in the state, mark their centuries-evolved social and religious imprints in the south-western tip of India. Among the organisational platforms, Samasta (founded on 1926) led by traditional Sunnī Shāfiʿī scholars claims the largest number of followers and is deemed as a religious authority by the masses for setting their beliefs up and finding fatwas for their religious queries. In light of the manuscripts of fatwas, publications and interviews, this study scrutinises the genesis, craft, methods and legal bases behind fatwas of Samasta. Besides, it conducts a case study of three fatwas on marriage to cross-check the peculiarities specified in the craft of fatwa and analyse the matters surrounding the issuance of a fatwa in Kerala. This study concludes that the influence of 'past' is evident in the 'present' legal interpretation of Samasta scholars.


A unique field-effect transistor with an active channel composed of aptamers designed to bind to the Zika virus was fabricated. To immobilize the aptamers in the device channel, we used gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), a 20–40 nm thin film of sputtered gold (Au film), and a molecular sieve material zeolite. The aptamers were functionalized with a thiol end group that enabled them to bind with gold and most other materials. In the case of aptamer/AuNP, when Zika was added to the channel it reduced the channel conductivity from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4.4\times 10 ^{2}\text{S}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/cm to 3.7 S/cm. The gate field effect clearly showed that the aptamer/AuNP channel is p-type with a relatively large transconductance of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$300~\mu \text{S}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{V}_{DS} =2\text{V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) compared to the Zika/aptamer/AuNP channel (also p-type) but with lower transconductance of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2~\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula> S (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{V}_{DS} =2\text{V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). There was large amount of charge trapping (~1015 cm2) in Zika/aptamer/AuNP channel. In other cases of aptamer/Au film and zeolite channels, there were large changes in the channel conductance when Zika was added. Aptamer/Au and aptamer/zeolite channels were both n-type and their conductivities increased when Zika was added. Combination of AuNP and zeolite biosensing FETs can be used to design complimentary bio-FET sensors. We show that the gate voltage in FET biosensors can be used to increase their sensitivity (24 times in Zika/aptamer/AuNP), selectivity and dynamic range (by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> or more).


Can group-based parenting programmes reduce early child behaviour problems at reasonable cost? : A cost-effectiveness analysis of a Swedish RCT


The integration of protocols from different layers enables efficient wireless communications. Wireless sensor networks WSNs represent the core of the internet of things IoT. The growing number of nodes composing these networks requires effective node synchronisation and a correct network organisation in order to ensure data delivery to the destination nodes. This paper presents a cross-layer approach that integrates a synchronous TDMA MAC protocol with a smart routing approach, oriented to guarantee efficient communications of a set of wireless devices in the IoT. First, both approaches are detailed and individually tested by comparing them to similar approaches in the literature. Then, the cross-layer integration is described and tested, showing that both protocols are able to enhance the network performance when working together.


The study examined unmet need for family planning uptake among currently married women in Northcentral and Northwest of Nigeria. Attempt was made to investigate unmet need for family planning uptake among currently married women in both regions. The study utilized secondary data. Secondary data were extracted from 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) dataset. Out of the 38,948 currently married interviewed, the study employed sample of 16,564 comprising 5,347 for northcentral and 11,217 for northwest. The analysis were done in three stages of univariate, bivariate and multivariate levels. The result showed evidence of higher age of respondents, higher education among currently married in northcentral than northwest. The number of children ever born (CEB) among currently married in both regions were six plus respectively. For both regions unmet need for family planning uptake increased with religion. The result of the multivariable analysis regarding unmet need for family planning uptake, the logistic analysis shows factors such as age, education, religion, occupation, ceb, desire for more children, wealth index and knowledge of family planning as the variables determined unmet need for family planning uptake in Northcentral while age of respondents, occupation ,wealth index, place of residence, ceb, desire for more children and women autonomy  determined unmet need for family planning uptake in Northwest than Northcentral. The study concluded that currently married women in Northcentral and Northwest showed differentials on unmet need for family planning. Currently married women in Northcentral exhibiting more unmet need for family planning and less unmet need in Northwest. Religion, education, wealth index, women autonomy, children ever born, knowledge of family planning and desire for more children were the most important variables explaining the differentials on unmet need for family planning among currently married women in Northcentral and Northwest of Nigeria.


The movement of people within states and across state borders has occurred for hundreds of years. Research examining how, when, and why domestic populations perceive of positive or negative impacts from the rise or fall of immigration is examined in the following sections. Within the literature on public opinion and immigration, various themes, immigrant groups, and domestic populations are examined; public opinion in receiving countries tends to be limited to North America, western Europe, and Australia. The first theme examines the impact of immigrant types—certain immigrants are viewed more favorably than others. The frames used by elites and the news media help to develop the notion of deservedness or usefulness of immigrant types. How often the immigration issue is in the news or in the political sphere, along with the tone of the coverage, heightens the salience and can influence public opinion on immigration. The second theme examines the role of economics at the personal, regional, or national levels. This research examines more than just personal or national economic context; it also examines additional underlying attitudes and beliefs about racial and ethnic groups, such as group threat and proximity to immigrant groups, that may be active or latent and influence public opinion on immigration. The third theme examines when and how public opinion on immigration influences other policy areas, such as individual preferences for further integration in the European Union (EU), or support for welfare and other redistributive programs sponsored by the state. The fourth theme is how and when public opinion on immigration changes—what explains periods of slow and steady support or opposition, versus periods of rapid or volatile changes to public opinion on immigration. There are a few recurring points of interest across the several broad themes outlined above: (1) perceptions of positive or negative impact of immigrants in the receiving country, (2) perceptions of the number of immigrants compared to domestic populations in receiving country, and (3) the current salience and context of the immigration issue in the receiving country.


Abstract Following the assignment of the 1329 and 1224 cm−1 infrared bands to chain-folded conformations in nylon 6.6 by Koenig et al. examination of the infrared spectra of positively birefringent and negatively birefringent spherulitic films has been made. The spectra indicate extensive regular folding in negative spherulites but fewer folds or less regular folding in the positive spherulite structure. The assignment of the infrared fold bands to modes of vibration of the repeat unit is discussed with reference to the spectra of films with varying extents of N deuteration (normal 6.6, disordered regions deuterated, N deutero 6.6, disordered regions hydrogenated). Electron micrographs of negative spherulites are analyzed with the infrared and previous evidence. We suggest they are built up of single-crystal lamellae of 0.2 to 0.3 μ lateral dimensions packed with a preferential orientation of the lamellae planes parallel to the radial direction but otherwise randomly oriented.


Three 125,000 DWT double hull tankers are currently under construction for ARCO Marine, Inc. at Litton Avondale Industries in New Orleans, LA. These Millennium Class tankers are being built to transport crude oil from Valdez, AK to Cherry Point, WA. The design satisfies the requirements of OPA 90 and incorporates a unique structural design philosophy intended to enhance the structural performance of the vessel. This paper will illustrate how the Owner's experience with previous vessels in Gulf of Alaska trade is reflected in the structural design of the new ships. The human elements of safety, inspection and maintenance are discussed and the influence of these factors on the structural arrangement is highlighted. In concert with these human factors are structural design improvements that have been implemented to specifically address fatigue and stress cracking with the intent of reducing repair requirements. These topics are presented in a discussion that follows the structural design from concept, through design and analysis and into the construction of the vessels. Lessons learned throughout the process are presented. 1 ARCO Marine, Inc., Long Beach, California 2 MCA Engineers, Inc., Costa Mesa, California 3 John J. McMullen and Associates, New York, New York 4 Litton-Avondale Industries, Avondale, Louisiana


This paper presents a .NET framework as the integrating software platform linking all constituent modules of the fault diagnosis and failure prognosis architecture. The inherent characteristics of the .NET framework provide the proposed system with a generic architecture for fault diagnosis and failure prognosis for a variety of applications. Functioning as data processing, feature extraction, fault diagnosis and failure prognosis, the corresponding modules in the system are built as .NET components that are developed separately and independently in any of the .NET languages. With the use of Bayesian estimation theory, a generic particle-filtering-based framework is integrated in the system for fault diagnosis and failure prognosis. The system is tested in two different applications — bearing spalling fault diagnosis and failure prognosis and brushless DC motor turn-to-turn winding fault diagnosis. The results suggest that the system is capable of meeting performance requirements specified by both the developer and the user for a variety of engineering systems.


There is growing evidence for the role of environmental influences on children's information-processing biases for affectively salient stimuli. The goal of this study was to extend this research by examining the relation between parental criticism (expressed emotion-criticism, or EE-Crit) and children's processing of facial displays of emotion. Specifically, we examined the relation between EE-Crit and children's sensitivity in detecting facial displays of emotion. We also examined a neural marker of sustained attention, the late positive potential (LPP) event-related potential component (ERP). Participants were 87 children (ages 7–11 years; 53.3% female, 77.8% Caucasian) and their parents (ages 24–71; 90% female, 88.9% Caucasian). Parents completed the Five-Minute Speech Sample to determine levels of EE-Crit toward their child. Children completed a morphed faces task during which behavioral and ERP responses were assessed. Although there were no group differences in sensitivity in detecting facial displays of emotion, we found that children of parents exhibiting high, compared to low, EE-Crit displayed less attention (smaller LPP magnitudes) to all facial displays of emotion (fearful, happy, sad). These results suggest that children of critical parents may exhibit an avoidant pattern of attention to affectively-salient interpersonal stimuli.


JEADV 2006, 20, 999–1032 © 2006 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 1009 nodules that recovered with pigmentation were associated with tramadol treatment. Biopsy could navigate and give useful information about the nature of nodules of course, but the patient refused biopsy. We did not stop to give anastrazole or zoledronate to the patient, and the nodules disappeared leaving a brownish-coloured area on the skin. No new lesions were appeared thereafter. In summary, pain treatment with tramodol can be associated with subcutaneous nodules, and usually responds well to cessation of drug. Therefore, it is important to include side-effect of tramadol in the differential diagnosis of subcutaneous nodules.


— This study aims to explain the background of the Ngejot Tradition itself. To find out the values contained in the Ngejot Tradition and the use of the Ngejot Tradition in historical learning to instill religious value in students. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research method, data collection methods through interviews, observation. Data Analysis Techniques through the stages of data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. The results showed that (1) the background of the Ngejot Tradition in Lenek Village, as an expression of gratitude to the almighty God and to strengthen the relationship of friendship between the people of Lenek Village (2) the character values that exist in the Ngejot Tradition namely, religious , discipline, love peace, responsibility, care for the environment (3) how to utilize the Ngejot Traditions in learning history to instill religious values in students by linking the Ngejot Traditions and inculcation of religious values in every learning activity both in the classroom or outside, using a contextual learning model, with a demonstration method.


The vertically oriented postcard features a soldier on horseback carrying a flag in the foreground and the background insert includes a line of soldiers in outline and a portrait of a man and a woman in oval monochromatic insets.


Objective: To explore the possible mechanism of vascular remodeling and biomechanic characteristics of left common iliac vein by studying the morphology and the changes of elastic compositions of the compressed left common iliac vein(LCIV) and adjacent segments. Methods: Eighty cadavers fixed with formalin(male 42, female 38)were randomly selected, the transverse diameter (wafering), the intravenous band within the compressed LCIV and angle between LCIV and RCIA (right common iliac artery) were observed and measured. The compressed segments together with its distal and proximal segments in 18 samples were then removed, dehydrated, embedded in paraffin, sliced and stained with Messon technique. As a control, the corresponding portions in the opposite side to the compressed portion were removed and the above processes were operated. After that the structure changes (SM, EF, CF, thickness of vein wall) were observed and analyzed with the Beihang CM-2000B Biomedical Image Analysis System. Results: Compared with right side, the venous wall of the compressed LCIV was collapsed and its thickness became thinner (P0.05). Compared with the proximal and distal portions compressed as well as the right, the transverse diameter of the compressed LCIV increased obviously (P0.01), the relative content of smooth muscles reduced and the relative content of elastic fibers and collagen fibers increased (P0.05). Conclusions: The LCIV compressed by the RCIA results in derangement of hemodynamics, which might improve vascular remodeling development including the change of mechanic structures in the vein wall and intravenous band formation. Those changes lead to further derangement of hemodynamics and abnormity of histology. It is those transformation of morphology and hemodynamics might be the possible pathogenesis of the iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS) and the deep venous thrombosis.


* Daniel M. Landers, Social Problems in Athletics, published by University of Illinois Press. Urbana, Chicago, London, 1976, pp. 251. Exceptionally much is recently being said and written about the developmental trends in contemporary sport. We have in mind here above all scientific exchange of opinions, constantly introducing new values into the general social science of sport. One such example was the conference dealing with ''Sport and Social Deviance&dquo; which was held at State University College at B:~,clcpo~, New York. The publication under discussion here is the outcome of the scientific discussion conducted at that


Gastric cancer is one of the common malignant tumors, and the early diagnosis is not satisfactory. Research in recent years has shown that abnormal expression of some LncRNAs in patients with gastric cancer can be used as markers for diagnosis, treatment and prognostic monitoring of gastric cancer. This article reviews the recent progress of long non-coding RNA as a diagnostic marker for gastric cancer.


In this context, the goal of this chapter is to analyze the characteristics of the federal civil service in its interaction with actors and institutions of the political system during the 2004–2014 period. The study reveals two main findings: (1) a diversity of bureaucratic formats coexist in the country, both formally and informally; and (2) the relationships between the administration and the political system vary according to the predominant bureaucratic format.


Following the collapse of the Roman empire, as Europe spiraled into the Dark Ages, scribes cloistered themselves in drafty monastic settings in Ireland. There they copied and transcribed the remnants of Irish, Greek, Roman, and Christian literature and, according to Thomas Cahill (1995), saved civilization. Of them Cahill wrote: "These were happy human beings, occasionally waspish, but normally filled with delight at the tasks their fate had set for them. They did not see themselves as drones. Rather, they engaged the text they were working on, tried to comprehend it after their fashion, and, if possible, add to it, even improve on it"(p. 163). To suggest that over the past 50 years, the editors and writers of the International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, wherever they may have cloistered themselves, might save civilization is a flight of grandiosity that would make even Napoleon blush. However, the Journal, its writers, and its editors have done much to keep the story of group therapy, and the work of therapists and researchers alive. In the realm of ideas, they tread in the footprints left by those monastic scribes and by the ancient shanachie, rawis, and griots. The storytellers who, first by word of mouth, and later by the written word, carry forward, from generation to generation, the stories and myths of the tribe. Those stories keep the ancestors alive, pass on knowledge, add new knowledge, and give identity to the group and to its members. This has been the gift of the Journal to the American Group Psychotherapy Association (AGPA) and to psychotherapy in general. Like the ancient artists drawing on the walls of caves, they have made their mark, physical and psychic, that generations yet unborn may reflect on, learn from, and build on. In this fiftieth anniversary edition, editors from the past to the present reflect on the Journal, and on their work as its editors. "These were [and


The application of parameter design method to the development of aluminum electrolytic capacitor is presented. The design principle of the properties, (including dissipation factor and capacitance) and cell diameter of the capacitor is discussed. A normalized function is built and used as a desirable criterion for alternative schemes comparing. It抯 proven that the parameter design method is effective in hindering the deterioration of the properties.


The purpose of this paper is to gain insights into the exact mechanisms through which migration enhances the innovative performance of multinational firms and fosters Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). We develop a formal model showing that migrants may help firms to increase the perceived quality of their products at the host country of investment. This can be done by patent an invention that permits the customization of products in order to meet foreign quality standards. We focus on a very specific type of migrants: Those who cross borders and patent an invention (migrant inventors). The structural estimation of our model using high-dimensional PPML 2SLS confirms our theoretical priors at both the intensive and the extensive margins. A placebo test reveals that non-inventor migrants are not a good instrument to capture the effect of patents on FDI. Additionally, a structural PPML gravity estimation shows that both patents and migrants inventors fosters Greenfield FDI, with a larger impact on the intensive margin. Our estimations also reveal certain sectoral heterogeneity.


In spring 2001 the Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol
Characterization Experiment (ACE-Asia) made
extensive measurements from land, ocean, air and
space platforms. A primary objective was to
quantify the interactions between aerosols and
radiation. This talk presents illustrative results from
each type of platform, with initial assessments of
regional aerosol radiative forcing obtained by
combining satellite and suborbital results.


Nitrogen rate effects on the grain composition of nutritionally enhanced corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids have not been widely studied. Field experiments were conducted at two Illinois locations and two Ohio locations in 2006 and 2007 to determine if hybrids containing NutriDense (ND) genetics respond to N rates differently than yellow dent (YD) corn hybrids for grain yield, protein and oil content. Twelve ND hybrids and five YD hybrids were evaluated across eight environments at five N rates that varied from 0 to 269 kg ha -1 . There were only two hybrid x N rate interactions across eight site-year environments. The YD hybrids' average grain yields were greater than the ND hybrids in seven of the eight environments (9.6 vs. 8.8 Mg ha -1 ). The grain protein and oil content ofND hybrids were greater than the YD hybrids in three of four environments. Averaged across environments and N rates, protein content was 78 and 86 g kg -1 for the YD and ND hybrids, and oil content was 53 and 56 g kg -1 for YD and ND hybrids, respectively. Grain yield and protein increased and grain oil decreased slightly as N rate increased from 0 to 269 g ha -1 . Nitrogen rates needed to optimize yield and grain quality ofND corn hybrids are similar to those recommended for YD hybrids.


White Saviors and Magical Negros are well-established cinematic archetypes that have been identified, analyzed, and subsequently labeled as unadvisable storytelling tropes due to their innate cultural arrogance and racially offensive undertones. The following paper classifies a related cinematic phenomenon the author calls the White Fanatic. By analyzing three recent films in which white lead characters suffer existential crises and demand relief from Magical Natives, the paper makes the case that the White Fanatic represents a colonial mindset shared by filmmakers who continue to emphasize the experience of European colonizers at the expense of Indigenous peoples.The three films included in this analysis are Zama (2017), directed by Lucrecia Martel; The Lost City of Z (2016), directed by James Gray; and Embrace of the Serpent (2015), directed by Ciro Guerra. The author concludes that such stories are more sensitive to Native cultures than previously accepted versions of the White Savior. However, the essay calls for greater Indigenous representation that is uncorrupted by fanatical white protagonists.


This contribution presents a knowledge-based model of the agents' mutual awareness (social knowledge) and justifies its role in various classes of applications of the concept of multi-agent systems. A tri-base acquaintance model (3bA) has been formalized and designed in order to limit explosive communication space in multi-agent systems. As a formal model of agent's social behaviour knowledge and agent's cooperation neighbourhood knowledge, the 3bA model approach provides MAS designers with knowledge structures and knowledge maintenance mechanism. Applications of the 3bA model to the following areas are commented: production planning, supply chain management, coalition formation and intrusion detection. The study concludes with a unifying view on social knowledge structuring.


Urbanization is a contemporary global trend resulting from population growth and migration in search for job opportunities, better education, infrastructure and security. It raises the concentrated demand for food, energy and construction materials at specific locations and leads to the establishment of a rural-urban gradient with targeted flows of basic natural and human resources reflecting major changes in ecosystem services. In developing countries like India, China and Nigeria will account for 35% of the projected growth of the world's urban population between 2018 and 2050 (UN DESA, 2019); in this process, cities may eventually occupy an area equivalent to 7 percentage of the world's arable land, compared with 3percentageduring 2005 (Angel et al., 2005). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 12 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Aim: Outcome after anterior cervical spine procedure strongly depends on the mode of surgery used. Among other factors, the position of the surgeon is crucial for the achievement of an optimal result, as different pathologies require different approaches. We conducted the present study to demonstrate two different positions of the surgeon during the Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) procedure and to compare the consecutive outcomes depending on the approach used. Methods: Data of patients undergoing ACDF procedure at the Department of Neurosurgery at Sana Hospital Duisburg, Germany, were retrospectively analyzed according to the position of the surgeon. Two different approaches were used: the surgeon was positioned either at the Top (T) or at the Shoulder (S) of the patient. Duration of surgical procedure, symptom relief and complication rates were compared between the two approaches using students t-test. Results: A total of 193 patients were identified for the present study; 120 received a (S) and 73 a (T) ACDF approach. The median number of accessed levels was 2, most patients complained from cervical radiculopathy (57.7%). Following surgery, symptoms improved in 33.1% of all patients (p<0.001). Complication rate was low, 14% of all patients required a second surgery. There was no difference in length of surgery, symptom relief or complication rates between the two surgical groups. Conclusion: Both approaches are equally safe and feasible. Outcome following ACDF procedure did not differ between the two methods applied. However, the approach differed depending on the underlying pathology and thus, the position of the surgeon should be taken into account and communicated to the surgical team including nurses and anesthetist prior to the surgical procedure.


The use of free and open source software is increasing and there is currently a tendency towards more openness in the provision of open source software. However, libraries that are used in conjunction with the software may affect the final license selection of the open source software and special caution is needed by software developers. Existing tools provide the means to extract license information from software projects, but this information has not been utilized towards recommending licenses that do not cause license violations. In this paper, we present our work towards the recommendation of licenses that satisfy the license compatibility requirement taking into consideration the licenses of third party libraries used in the software project. We have employed a dataset of 160 open source software projects to compare license compatibility using license extraction techniques implemented in different tools, i.e. Nomos and Ninka, whereas we have integrated the license extraction process in the findOSSLicense open source license recommender system, in order to recommend licenses that do not cause violations. The evaluation results and a small scale user study demonstrate the added value of the approach for the software developers in being better informed about license compatibility.


We study the massless limit in synchrotron radiation and one-photon pair creation in magnetic field. In this limit Schwinger critical field $H_0=m^2c^3/(e\hbar)$ tends to zero, so two characteristic quantum parameters $\eta=H/H_0,\;\chi=\eta E/mc^2$ are infinite, and the standard approximations used in analytical calculations fail. Applying Schwinger's proper time methods we derive simple expressions for synchrotron radiation spectra emitted by massless charges of spins $s=0,\,1/2$ and the pair creation probability distribution in the quasiclassical (high Landau levels) regime exhibiting simple scaling properties and possessing universal spectral shapes.


Breast abscess is a significant cause of morbidity especially in young women of childbearing age. These abscesses are associated with physical, psychological disturbance, and long-term cosmetic consequences.

This was a prospective study that involved seventy cases of breast abscesses to identify etiological agents and their susceptibility patterns.

Lactation was a risk factor in almost two-third of all cases. Others were diabetes mellitus, extremes of age, immunocompromised conditions, and tuberculosis. The most common bacterial isolate was Staphylococcus aureus (83.3%), almost half being methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Others included coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Enterococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Candida spp., and acid-fast bacilli.

The treatment of all such microorganisms is different, signifying that microbial diagnosis plays a pivotal role in management of such abscesses.


The clause is about problems in legal relations during a modern practice of purpose, the organization and manufacture of examinations and goods researches during customs purposes, scientifically-methodical maintenance and professional preparations of the expert staff.


Because of ultrasound images' low quality, fully automated segmentation of breast ultrasound (BUS) image is a challenging task. In this paper, a novel segmentation method for BUS images which is fully automatic without any human intervention is proposed. By incorporating empirical knowledge and characteristics of breast structure, a ROI is generated automatically. Then two newly proposed lesion features: phase in max-energy orientation (PMO) and radial distance (RD), combined with the commonly used intensity and texture feature, are extracted. Then the new feature set is used to distinguish lesion region from the background by a trained ANN. The proposed segmentation method was tested on a BUS database composed of 60 cases. We use the manually outlined lesions by an experienced radiologist as the golden standard and evaluated the performance by both area error metrics and boundary error metrics. Quantitative results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed fully automatic BUS segmentation method.


We report a case of malignant melanoma of the cervix uteri with multiple lung metastasis diagnosed in a 39-year-old female patient. The patient presented persistent cough with scanty sputum as the first symptom, and no pigmented lesion of the anus, vulva, or skin. The chest film showed multiple varied nodules and masses at both lungs. Pathology of the bronchoscopic biopsy via LB6 showed malignant melanoma. Cytology of the uterine cervix smear revealed malignant melanoma. Colposcopy showed a 0.5×0.8×0.5-cm sized, pigmented lesion on the anterior lip of the cervix. Pathology of the biopsy showed malignant melanoma. Brain computed tomography showed multiple metastasis of the brain. We review the literature and discuss the clinical manifestation, radiographic evaluation, and adjuvant therapy of metastatic melanoma.


The perioperative management of patients on long term OAT is an open issue. The problem is the prevention of both the thromboembolic (TE) and the hemorrhagic complications. The therapeutic options are: 1) discontinuation of OAT with an INR target <2.0 at the scheduled time and its resumption after surgery, 2) substitution of OAT with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in the perioperative period. We report on 477 consecutive patients who underwent elective surgery in 7 FCSA centers (November 2001 to August 2003). Major and minor surgery and other minor procedures were carried out in 68, 206 and 203 patients respectively; median age 72 years (25–97); 279 males, 198 females. The aim of the study was to evaluate the complications occurring during and within 2 months after surgery with the different modalities of prophylaxis. Indications for OAT./bold] Low and intermediate TE risk patients: secondary prophylaxis of venous thrombosis (VT) 75; non valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) 225; aortic mechanical or biological valves 58, dilatative myocardiopathy 8, valvulopathy 10; myocardial infarction 3; coronary artery by-pass graft 4; stroke 4. High TE risk patients : mitral mechanical valve, mechanical valves + AF or previous TE 53, AF + ≥ 2 other risk factors (arterial hypertension, dilatative myocardiopathy, previous TE, biological heart valve) 6; intracardiac thrombosis 1.

Results: LMWH therapy: Nadroparin (Seleparina®) and enoxaparin (Clexane®) in 394 and 28 patients respectively. Comments . One patients with high thromboembolic risk died because of sudden cardiac arrest 13 days after a procedure. TE events (0.6%) occurred in 2 patients with mechanical aortic valve and valvulopathy respectively and treated with s.i.d dose. Incidence of major bleeding is higher in patients treated with LMWH b.i.d but it is in accordance with the data reported in the literature.

Table I
| Therapy | no OAT | LMWH (s.i.d.) | LMWH (b.i.d.) |
|:---------------------------------------- | ------ | ------------- | ------------- |
| s.i.d.=single in die; b.i.d.= bis in die |
| Dose (U/kg) | | 60.6 (±12.8) | 65.9 (±17.4) |
| Patients-number | 55 | 329 | 93 |
| Complications | | | |
| TE n (%) | | 2 (0.6) | |
|     arterial | | 2 (0.6) | |
|     venous | | | |
| Bleeding n (%) | | 9 (2.7) | 7 (7.5) |
|     major | | 4 (1.2) | 3 (3.2) |
|     minor | | 5 (1.5) | 4 (4.3) |


Intuitive thinking is a very important thinking method of creative thinking;it is the source of creativity and the foundation of creative thinking.It was put forward that graphic designers must take visual psychology as a base point to explore the role,expression,and cultivation of intuitive thinking in graphic creation,in order to improve the success rate of graphic creation.


Mintang 93-730 selected from the crossing between Chuan 57-416 and CP57-614,is a new sugarcane variety with early maturity,high cane yield,high sucrose content,strong rooting ability,strong tolerance and wide adaptability.The results of planting tests conducted at different sites for several years showed that its mean cane yield was 94.972 t/hm2,sucrose content in the cane was 15.39% from November to February,and sugar yield was 14.594 t/hm2,being 1.48%,0.36 percent and 4.40% higher than those of the check variety,respectively.


During production periods, abundant by-products of the dead bird in broiler industries require an adequate alternative treatment to prevent harmful effects from direct disposal in the open environment. This study evaluates compost's efficiency and physicochemical properties produced from coped dead broiler carcass with cattle manure and rice straw. Four treatments were conducted, which illustrated different proportions of broiler carcasses 0% (P0), 1% (P1), 3% (P2), and 5% (P3) in the cattle manure compost. The physicochemical analysis, including color, odor, texture, moisture content, total organic carbon, total organic (C) matter, total nitrogen (N) content, C/N ratio, phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K), were defined in this research. The result of the physicochemical composition on this research has filled up the Indonesian compost standard SNI:19-7030-2004 except in the total N, total P, and C/N ratio content.


Abstract This paper presents a juxtaposition of the understanding of objects in Jean-Luc Nancy's postdeconstructive realism and Graham Harman's object-oriented ontology, particularly with reference to their respective notions of touch. Nancy incorporates a tension between the phenomenological accounts of touch and embodiment given by Merleau-Ponty, who focuses on the relationality of the flesh, and Levinas, who focuses more on non-relational alterity. Furthermore, Nancy does not accept the anthropocentric assumptions whereby phenomenology accounts for objects insofar as they correlate to human existence. Following the deconstruction of sovereign humanity, Nancy approaches what Derrida calls "post-deconstructive realism," accounting for touch with regard to the relationality and alterity of all objects, human and nonhuman. However, abjuring the metaphysical interiority posited by panpsychists, Nancy admits that his philosophy cannot account for the discrete, atomistic differences between beings. Graham Harman agrees with much of Nancy's philosophy, but he criticizes Nancy on this point, offering a corrective supplement in the form of his object-oriented ontology, which avoids panpsychism while nonetheless accounting for the discrete differences between objects.


The PV-wind-storage microgrid plays an important role in solving power supply problems. Energy storage system is an important element to be considered when the optimal economic operation of microgrid is carried out due to the high cost and discount. To achieve reliable and economic operations of a PV-wind-storage microgrid, the lifetime characteristics of energy storage system also need to be fully investigated. In this paper, low pass filter is used to determine the power of super capacitor and battery, than established battery life quantitative model according to the equivalent cycle life curve. Considering the lifetime characteristics of energy storage system, a optimization to minimize power generation cost and to maximize the useful life of hybrid energy storage system has been achieved via the particle swarm optimization (PSO). The simulation results show the proposed method can optimize the system operations and has good optimization results.


The present paper presents a new family of eco –refrigerants as an alternative solution for the replacement of pollutant refrigerants such as CFC's, HFC's and HCFC's. The family of eco – refrigerants proposed here is obtained by blending various hydrocarbons, namely R290 and R600. Being a blend of two natural substances without toxicity, the ODP is zero and the GWP is negligible, they are more environmental friendly, having improved thermodynamic properties compared to other refrigerants available in the market. Their good compatibility with the materials and lubrication oil of common vapor compression refrigeration systems (VCRS), make them a viable and advantageous solution to substitute nowadays HCFC's except the fact that this eco-refrigerants family has an increased risk of explosion and demands specific safety conditions. The use of this new family of eco–refrigerants, obtained by blending R290 and R600, in small scale VCRS dedicated to domestic, commercial or air conditioning applications is suggested.


The utility model discloses an adjustable welding tool and relates to the technical field of welding toolings. The adjustable welding tool comprises a positioning pin which is used for supporting a workpiece; the positioning pin is arranged on a flexible plate; the upper end surface of the flexible plate is provided with an L-shaped pressing plate; the flexible plate is compressed and fixed on a welding workbench through a locking bolt due to a horizontal plate of the L-shaped pressing plate; a vertical plate of the L-shaped pressing plate is fixedly connected onto a supporting seat with a clamping cylinder; the supporting seat is hinged to a clamping arm which is driven by the clamping cylinder to rotate; the clamping arm is connected with a snapping and pressing head which is matched with the positioning pin in a compressing mode; a limiting block which is fixed on the welding workbench is arranged beside at least one lateral end surface of the flexible plate; the flexible plate is connected with the limiting plate through an adjusting bolt; an open washer which is snapped to the adjusting bolt is arranged between the limiting block and the lateral end surface of the flexible plate. According to the adjustable welding tool, the position of the positioning pin which is used for supporting the workpiece can be adjusted and accordingly the accuracy requirements of the welding tool are reduced, the manufacturing cost is reduced, the adjustment is convenient and rapid, and accordingly the working efficiency of workers is greatly improved.


In recent years,many big,famous and multinational corporations came to invest in China.On the hand their investment brought the great positive influence on boosting the economic development of China.On the other hand,it brought us the proclems of tax avoidance conducted by these companies.Facing the problems,which has became a current hot topic in our work,we should perfect our tax legal system,improve our management and reduce the amount of tax avoidance.


This paper proposes an architecture of dynamically reconfigurable arithmetic circuit. Dynamic reconfiguration is a technique to realize required functions by changing hardware construction during operations. The proposed circuit is based on a complex number multiply-accumulation circuit which is used frequently in the field of digital signal processing. In addition, the proposed circuit performs real number double precision arithmetic operations. The data formats are single and double precision floating point number based on IEEE754. The proposed circuit is designed using VHDL, and verified the correct operation by simulations and experiments. Keywords—arithmetic circuit, complex number, double precision, dynamic reconfiguration


The paper investigates and identifies the commercial and residential building,analyzes the reasons for the cracks in the project from the construction process,the raw materials,and the mix proportion,points out the respective treatment schemes and the consolidation measures for the bearing beams by combining with the identification conclusion according to the relative regulation,and achieves better effect,so as to have the direction for similar projects in future.


Elec. & Comp. Eng. Dept. , University of Patras, 265 00 Patras, Greece, email@example.com Abstract-To address the need of modern manufacturing plants to quickly respond to market requirements by designing competitive products and modifying existing ones, evolving IEC standards like 61499 and 61804 define a methodology to be used by system designers to construct distributed industrial control applications. New generation IEC compliant Engineering Support Systems (ESSs) are highly required to support the whole development process. In this paper we present an IEC-compliant ESS that we have under development. This ESS is based on our 4-layer architecture and helps the control engineer to automate the development process of distributed control applications. To be close with the latest trends in CASE tools development, the proposed ESS is a merging of a well-known general-purpose CASE tool and a custom Function Block design tool. The issue of portability is addressed, implementation details are considered and an example of using our tool is presented.


The net data exchange between ISP,like CTC、CNC、CERNET,almost all pass through Beijing Internet Exchange Center,so the bottlenecks between different ISP networks always exist and high accessing speed to resources of exports LAN is hardly realized for the users of different networks.This article describes a few solutions to common use.The first way is Dual-mode domain.It requires other network service providers to apply for a domain name provided by the analytical services,campus network servers hosted by service providers and the use of the services to provide the public and IP.The second way is reverse agent.It is also known as the Web server acceleration.It is busy through the Web server and the Internet to increase between a high-speed Web server buffer(that is,web reverse proxy server) to reduce the actual Web server load.This programme will place reverse proxy server in one or more front-end Web servers or directly at the entrance to the network.When the network users to access a Web server,the reverse is in fact the visit of the proxy server network IP,then reverse proxy server logic as Web server.The third approach is to use smart domain technology with NAT.According to automatic client IP address to judgement,the network users access to education for internal analysis to education network server IP address, the network user access to public networks,analytical IP address and then configuration NAT server,the internal network and public network are connective in a dual-card structures,and the network are set in public network IP and internal network IP.At the same time in the card of public network connecting bundled on a number of public networks IP for internal server IP address conversion.The article mainly researches and explains the third way,and effectively solves the problem which the users of different ISP networks can not access to campus resources in high speed.


For the algebras (cid:2) in the title of the paper, a classification of simple modules is given, an explicit description of the prime and completely prime spectra is obtained, the global and the Krull dimensions of (cid:2) are computed.


Objective:To evaluate the efficiency of B-ultrasound diagnosis for fundus examination and its effective rate for retinopathy.Methods:From June 1,2007 to March 8,2008,B-ultrasound and fundus examination were carried out on 112 premature infants,fundus examination was golden standard,then the results were recorded and analysed.Results:13 eyes were diagnosed as retinopathy by B-ultrasound among 224 eyes,11 eyes were identified by indirect ophthalmoscope,the sensitivity was 25%,specificity was 98.9%,positive and negative predictive values were 84.6% and 84.4%,respectively.Conclusion:B-ultrasound isn't an effective method in the screening of retinopathy,which can be used to follow up in some special conditions,but the technique should be enhanced continually because of its simple and safe operation.


Sickert - the new English art club and the "London impressionists" Sickert - prelude to exile Sickert abroad 1898-1905 Sickert in Camden Town Sickert - return to London and relationship with Gore birth of the Fitzroy Street Group Camden Town painting the Allied Artists' Association and the expansion of the Fitzroy Street Group London scenes in Camden Town painting the Fitzroy Street Group in 1910 - "Manet and the post-impressionists" at the Grafton Gallery formation of the Camden Town Group 1911 - the first two exhibitions of the Camden Town Group expansion of the Camden Town Group - first ideas 1912 - members' activities the third Camden Town Group exhibition and the second post-impressionist exhibition 1913 - one-man exhibitions by members of teh Camden Town Group art politics and the Fitzroy Street Group in 1913 "post-impressionists and the futurists" at the Dore Galleries formation of the London Group factions and Sickert's resignation.


Issues related to old age and ageing are an imperative topic in a society of long life, concerning everyone. Wherever possible, the age-related issues should also be adequately addressed and integrated into school education. This article gives an overview of perceptions of students in regard to external and self-images of old age, as conceptions from students are an important starting point for the development of teaching approaches. So far, there is an insufficient research situation in Germany regrading images of old age of children and adolescents. Guideline-supported individual interviews with 10 ninth graders (Mage = 15.2 years) were conducted and analyzed in order to get an insight into prevalent conceptions of old age and ageing in this age cohort. The students' ideas result in a comprehensive category system. In summary, our investigation has shown that students do not hold one-sided positive or negative images of old age in general, although some aspects like the physical condition and exercise capacity are seen more negatively than for example the characteristics of older persons. Teaching approaches for biology lessons and other subjects, deducted from the students' perceptions, are given in the discussion.


: To provide experience and case support for the financial innovation of the China Pilot Free Trade Zone and financial geography research, this article analyzes the development process from "tax haven" and spatial agglomeration, primary offshore center and spatial reorganization, to developed offshore center and strengthening of spatial agglomeration of the British Virgin Islands by literature review and case study. The study showed that the international political and economic environment provided the possibility for the establishment of the offshore financial center, the unique natural and cultural-economic conditions provided the basis for the establishment of the offshore financial center, and the continuous improvement of laws and regulations guaranteed the sustainable development of the offshore financial center. Based on this analysis, China should actively explore the feasibility and implementation plan of establishing separation- infiltration type offshore financial centers in the free trade zones in Shanghai, Guangdong, Tianjin, and other places, and establishing a tax haven offshore financial center in Sansha City, South China Sea; gradually improve the policy and legal system; and effectively control financial risks


Contents 1. Introduction 1.1. Notation for position, displacement and strain 1.2. Rigid-body displacement 1.3. Strain, rotation and dilatation 1.4. Compatibility of strain 2. Traction and stress 2.1. Equilibrium of stresses 3. Transformation of coordinates 4. Hooke's law 4.1. Equilibrium equations in terms of displacements 5. Loading and boundary conditions 5.1. Saint-Venant's principle 5.1.1. Weak boundary conditions 5.2. Body force 5.3. Thermal expansion, transformation strains and initial stress 6. Strain energy and variational methods 6.1. Potential energy of the external forces 6.2. Theorem of minimum total potential energy 6.2.1. Rayleigh-Ritz approximations and the finite element method 6.3. Castigliano's second theorem 6.4. Betti's reciprocal theorem 6.4.1. Applications of Betti's theorem 6.5. Uniqueness and existence of solution 6.5.1. Singularities 7. Two-dimensional problems 7.1. Plane stress 7.2. Airy stress function 7.2.1. Airy function in polar coordinates 7.3. Complex variable formulation 7.3.1. Boundary tractions 7.3.2. Laurant series and conformal mapping 7.4. Antiplane problems 8. Solution of boundary-value problems


In order to maximize capture wind energy,we designed a L2 norm optimal robust speed controller based on dissipative system theory framework,which effectively overcomes the uncertainty of variation of system parameters.Therefore,a load observer was designed to overcome bad effect of rotor torque variation,which can accurately observe rotor torque and compensate the dynamic changes of the rotor torque,realize wind speed tracing control and improve the wind energy conversion efficiency.Taking a 1.5mw direct-driven permanent-magnet wind turbine as an research object,the results of simulation experiment show that this control strategy can effectively achieve the maximum wind power tracking control,and has strong robustness for unknown disturbances of wind speed fluctuation,provides a basis for optimization design of wind turbine.


Two studies investigated how discrepancies between implicit and explicit self‐esteem are related to mental and physical health. We found that, compared to congruent self‐esteem, discrepant self‐esteem was related to more anger suppression, a more depressive attributional style, more nervousness, and more days of impaired health. The result applies not only to fragile (high explicit, low implicit) self‐esteem, but also to damaged (low explicit, high implicit) self‐esteem. These findings show that high implicit self‐esteem is not necessarily advantageous. In individuals with low explicit self‐esteem having high implicit self‐esteem was related to more health problems than having low implicit self‐esteem. Taken together the results suggest that discrepancies between implicit and explicit SE are detrimental to mental and physical health. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.