This project is on automatic wheelchair for physically disabled people. A dependent user recognition voice system and ultrasonic and infrared sensor systems has been integrated in this wheelchair. In this way we have obtained a automatic wheelchair which can be driven using voice commands and with the possibility of avoiding obstacles by using infrared sensors and down stairs or hole detection by using ultrasonic sensors. The wheelchair has also been developed to work on movement of accelerometer which will help for the person whose limbs are not working. Accelerometer can be attached to any part of body of physically disabled person which he can easily move like head, hand etc. It has also provision of joystick for disabled person who can easily move his/her hand. Electronic system configuration, a sensor system, a mechanical model, voice recognition control, accelerometer control and joystick control are considered.


In the low rise structure designing,the short pile with anchor pole droven by static pressing is taken according to the shallow layer of soil on site in this paper.The pile work can be implemented parallelly with the coustruction of upper structure by small pile driving equipment,so this approach can short on the period of the construction and facilitate the construction.the approach can make full use of the bearing capacity of the shallow layerof soil and give good comprehensive economic effect.This paper discusses the design approach and construction method of this kind of pile.


Spectral energy dissipation of random waves due to salt marsh vegetation ( Spartina alterni fl ora ) was analyzed using fi eld data collected during a tropical storm. Wave data (signi fi cant wave heights up to 0.4 m in 0.8 m depth)weremeasuredoveratwo-dayperiodalonga28 mtransectusing3pressuretransducers.Thestormpro- duced largely bimodal spectra on the wetland, consisting of low-frequency swell (7 – 10 s) and high-frequency (2 – 4.5 s) wind-sea. The energy dissipation varied across the frequency scales with the largest magnitude observed near the spectral peaks, above which the dissipation gradually decreased. The wind-sea energy dissipated largely in the leading section of the instrument array in the wetland, but the low-frequency swell propagated to the subsequent section with limited energy loss. Across a spectrum, dissipation did not linearly follow incident energy, and the degree of non-linearity varied with the dominant wave frequency. A rigid-type vegetation model was used to estimate the frequency-dependent bulk drag coef fi cient. For a given spectrum, this drag coef fi cient increased gradually up to the peak frequency and remained generally at a stable value at the higherfrequencies. Thisspectralvariation wasparameterizedbyemployinga frequency-dependent velocity attenuation parameter inside the canopy. This parameter had much less variability among incident wave conditions, compared to the variability of the bulk drag coef fi cient, allowing its standardization into a single, frequency-dependent curve for velocity attenuation inside a canopy. It is demonstrated that the spectral drag coef fi cient predicts the frequency-dependent energy dissipation with more accuracy than the integral coef fi cient.


Now neural networks are used in several domains. One important application is the diagnosis process. This paper by using the neural networks can be taken a step in the diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Of the many ways such as interviews, patient records, relevant articles, books psychiatric. Etc. Parameters of this disorder have been identified. After identifying the parameters of bipolar disorder, the implementation of neural network models are discussed. MLP and RBF have models that used in this paper. At the end, the comparison between the results of the two models is done. And conclude the MLP model with the lower error (13.33%) than RBF model, can diagnosis the bipolar disorder.


Interplanetary (IP) shocks are mainly responsible for the sudden compression of themagnetosphere, causing storm sudden commencement (SC) and sudden impulses (SIs)which are detected by ground-based magnetometers. On the basis of the list of 222 IPshocks compiled by Gopalswamy et al. (2010), we have investigated the dependence ofSC/SIs amplitudes on the speed of the coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that drive the shocksnear the Sun as well as in the interplanetary medium. We find that about 91% of the IPshocks were associated with SC/SIs. The average speed of the SC/SI-associated CMEs is1015 km/s, which is almost a factor of 2 higher than the general CME speed. When theshocks were grouped according to their ability to produce type II radio burst in theinterplanetary medium, we find that the radio-loud (RL) shocks produce a much largerSC/SI amplitude (average 32 nT) compared to the radio-quiet (RQ) shocks (average 19 nT). Clearly, RL shocks are more effective in producing SC/SIs than the RQ shocks.We also divided the IP shocks according to the type of IP counterpart of interplanetaryCMEs (ICMEs): magnetic clouds (MCs) and nonmagnetic clouds. We find that theMC-associated shock speeds are better correlated with SC/SI amplitudes than thoseassociated with non-MC ejecta. The SC/SI amplitudes are also higher for MCs than ejecta.Our results show that RL and RQ type of shocks are important parameters in producing theSC/SI amplitude.


Promoting low-carbon development (LCD) is one of the basic requirements of building new-type urbanization with Chinese characteristics. Research on the formulation of low-carbon city development roadmap (hereinafter referred to as the "Roadmap") is a necessity for systematic control of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and the construction of low-carbon cities. Based on the actual conditions of cities as well as the regional and national development strategies, the Roadmap panoramically describes the strategic objectives, development plans, and key sectors' initiatives for the transformation of city development through planning techniques and solutions. Generally, the formulation of a low-carbon roadmap involves six steps: understanding the present situation of GHG emissions; analyzing the future emission scenarios; setting LCD targets; developing action plans for key sectors; assessing mitigation potential of low-carbon technologies/projects; and proposing measures for implementation. This paper, based on th...


Objective To evaluate the curative effect and post-operative satisfactory in middle aged patients with myopia after monovision(MV)LASIK.Methods Sixty-four myopic patients(128 eyes,≥45 years old)were selected to take LASIK,and were randomly divided into two groups according to the eyes being treated,35 cases(70 eyes)received MV LASIK as MV group(3 cases could not tolerate try-in of MV contact lens and exited)and 29 cases(58 eyes)received common LASIK as full correction(FC)group(1 case exited for thinner cornea).In MV group,try-in of MV contact lens,near added precise detection,relative accommodation between positive and negative,and examination of amplitude of accommodation were made to get the exact near addition and design the corrected diopter for both eyes before operation.The visual acuity,asthenopic sympotom due to near-distance work and satisfactory rate were observed after operation.Results After following up for 1 year,in MV group,the distance vision of main eye ≥1.0 was 27 eyes(93.1%),near vision of non main eye ≥1.0 was 25 eyes(86.2%)and the satisfactory rate was 93.1%;In FC group,the distance vision≥1.0 was 43 eyes(93.5%),the near vision ≥1.0 was 12 eyes(26.1%),and the satisfactory rate was 73.9%.The score of asthenopic symptom due to near-distance work of MV and FC group were 3.02±2.02,5.93±2.96 at 6 months post-operatively,respectively,and 3.24±2.14,5.52±2.83 at 1 year post-operatively,respectively.There was statistical significance between two groups(P0.05).Conclusion MV LASIK may be a valuable option for middle age myopic patients,which can relieve the asthenopic symptom due to near-distance work.


Impact of the cone algorithm parameters Ecut, Eseed, R on the efficiency and characteristics of the reconstructed jets in p-p collisions at the energy sqrt s = 200 GeV is studied. The PYTHIA Monte Carlo generator is used for event generation. The dependence of dijet production fraction on the parton transverse momentum at different algorithm parameters is analyzed. The dependence of reconstruction efficiency of parton energy in dijet events and two leading jets in N-jet events on Ecut, Eseed, R is studied. Monte Carlo results are compared with predictions made in the framework of z-scaling and experimental data obtained at RHIC. The independence of the slope parameter beta of the scaling function, on the algorithm parameters over the energy range ETJet=25-60 GeV is found. The strong dependence of the invariant cross section and the slope parameter on the algorithm parameters with decreasing of ETJet for ETJet<25 GeV is observed.


A response spectra (shock spectra) is the response of a series of single‐degree‐of‐freedom systems of given damping to a shock or vibratory motion as a function of the frequencies of the systems. An oscillographic galvanometer can be considered a single‐degree‐of‐freedom system having a rotational response to an exciting current. If the exciting current is made proportional to the amplitude of a motion, the response of the galvanometer to the current will be proportional to the response of a single‐degree‐of‐freedom system to the motion, provided their natural frequencies and damping properties are the same. A commercial galvanometer‐type oscillograph has been obtained having twelve undamped galvanometer elements with natural frequencies in the range between 10 and 2500 cps. Damping by electrical means has been made adjustable between 2% and 50% of critical. Associated circuitry has been constructed so that electrical playback of recordings of shock and vibratory motions can be conveniently analyzed. Cali...


It is important to know the key problem of the emerging intelligent transportation systems –relative position, especially in the collision warning and speeds advisory. However, the commercial Global Satellite Navigation Systems (GNSS) receiver cannot up to the standard of these purpose. Fortunately, using Cooperative Positioning (CP) techniques to share the GNSS measurements between vehicles can largely improve the performance of relative positioning in a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). But in urban environments, the reduced quality or complete unavailability of GNSS measurements challenge the effectiveness of any CP algorithm. In this paper, a new improved tight CP technique is proposed which adds the measurements from low cost inertial sensors. In the enhanced CP method proposed here, vehicles communicate their GPS measurements and inertial measurement unit (IMU) data, and each vehicle fuses local GPS and IMU measurements and those of the neighbours. Experimental results show that the new tight integration CP method can enhance the relative positioning in low GPS coverage environment, such as in very dense urban areas and tunnels.


Federated database systems have special requirements w.r.t. integrity maintenance. For instance, it must be possible to express inter-database dependencies in an adequate language and the federated system must be able to enforce such constraints. In order to support these demands, we present an approach where we integrate the active rule paradigm into a federated database framework. Thereby, a very exible way of expressing integrity constraints involving multiple component database systems is provided. Furthermore, active rules (ECA-rules) are a powerful mechanism for specifying enforcement of constraints in case of violation. ECA-rules can be seen as a fundamental communication mechanism which can be used by different transaction models. For enforcing constraints the existing local mechanisms (e.g. triggers) of the component database systems can be employed. In case this is not possible, an additional layer has to be introduced which realizes the active rule mechanism for the component database system.


Abstract : A new high temperature testing system was designed with capabilities of fast heating/cooling, minimum effective heating zone focusing only on specimen gauge length area. The tension/compression testing can be performed in air, vacuum, or inert gas environment at high temperatures up to 1700 degrees Celsius while the displacement of a specimen measured by a new Argon laser interferometry system. The target specimens are ceramics, metals, intermetallics, composites including carbon/carbon composites. The furnace is infrared image furnace with gold plated elliptical reflectors to create a focused effective high temperature zone.


The invention relates to a method for performing a welding process of at a welding point (125) to be welded together workpieces (121, 122), wherein measured values of the to be welded together workpieces (121, 122) are recorded at the welding point (125) (204) and at least one characteristic value of the detected measured values is determined (205), wherein the determined at least one characteristic of a sheet thickness and material combination to be welded together workpieces (121, 122) depends, wherein based on the determined at least one characteristic of a reference curve from a variety is selected from different reference curves (206), wherein the different reference curves respectively characterize a welding process for different sheet thicknesses and / or combinations of materials, the welding process to be welded together workpieces (121, 122) is controlled according to the selected reference curve (208).


A bismuth citrate precursor has been used to yield bismuth trioxide with single-crystalline one-dimensional (1D) morphologies in the temperature range of 400°-600°C. The growth process of the nanorods has been investigated using a series of experiments wherein different polymorphs of Bi 2 O 3 are developed along with the nonstoichiometric bismuth oxides. The nonstoichiometric oxides are generated in situ and facilitate the formation of metastable polymorphs and 1D nanostructures of Bi 2 O 3 .


The effect of first language transfer on second language acquisition and learning has been a major theoretical concept in second language research and pedagogy since the 1950s. In order to give a historical perspective, the authors offer a brief presentation of some of the major topics from the broad spectrum of issues that have been examined by the applied linguistics research community during the past six decades and some significant developments in neuroimaging and cognitive science that have allowed researchers to investigate the role that first language plays in transfer to second language during neural activity and cognitive processing. The paper concludes with some pedagogical implications for second language instructors.


Powder indexing (i.e., cell determination of a crystal from its powder indexing diffraction pattern) is known as a comparatively difficult stage among various procedures required in ab-initio structure determination. Although there are already a lot of algorithms and softwares including classical Ito, Treor and Dicvol, they fail often in finding the true solution. Therefore, in powder indexing, it is supposed that crosscheck of solutions is necessary using several softwares. In order to change this tedious and error-prone situation in powder indexing, we developed a new algorithm and software Conograph. At present, the initial development of the graphical user interface of Conograph has been finished. Although there might remain some bugs in the program of Conograph, the success rate of Conograph until now is already close to 100 per cent, and the failure occurs only when the quality of the diffraction pattern is so poor that the de Wolff figure of merit does not rank solutions appropriately. Our test data include all types of the Bravais lattices and diffraction patterns from characteristic X-rays, synchrotron, neutron spallation sources and reactor sources. We also tested Conograph with difficult cases including large unit cells. Even for two-phase data, it has always succeeded in finding the correct lattice constants of the main 1st phase. Finally, we mention theoretical aspects of the new algorithm; as indicated in our title, in powder indexing, the number of solutions (i.e., lattice constants) is not always unique (but proven to be finite theoretically) similarly with other stages in ab-initio crystal structure determination. However, even in cases that two different lattice constants have the completely same peak positions, Conograph is designed to detect both of them as solutions. That is, Conograph can pick up all the lattice constants having the best figures of merit at most in a few minutes. We shall present the algorithm and performance of Conograph.


Abstract Motivation While there are software packages that analyze Boolean, ternary, or other multi-state models, none compute the complete state space of function-based models over any finite set. Results: We propose Cyclone, a simple light-weight software package which simulates the complete state space for a finite dynamical system over any finite set. Availability and implementation Source code is freely available at https://github.com/discretedynamics/cyclone under the Apache-2.0 license.


Bacillus velezensis was isolated from roots of Lactuca sativa var. crispa and has been shown to be inhibitory of mycelial growth of Pythium spp. root rot pathogens. The bacterium was prepared in a suspension concentrate formulation and tested for control of root rot and growth promotion in hydroponically-grown vegetables. Initial results indicated that the suspension concentrate was effective in controlling root rot when applied directly to seedlings of L. sativa . This eficacy was, however, nulliied when the formulation was applied as a suspension to raise these seedlings. This formulation, when applied as a drench treatment to seedlings of Brassica campestris var. chinensis, increased growth of this vegetable. The bacterium produced indole-3- acetic acid (IAA).


identifying minimal residual disease (MRD) and complete remission (CR) with incomplete platelet recovery or incomplete blood count recovery (CRp/CRi) as independent prognostic factors for inferior long-term outcomes in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Ourunderstandingoftheirresultswouldbenefitfromclarificationof two points. First, given that the majority of the MRD-positive patients were in the CRp/CRi group and accounted for approximately one half of that group, we wondered whether the outcomes for CRp/CRi MRDnegativepatientsapproximatedthoseforpatientsinCRorwereinter


Abstract A review is presented of the ways in which electron gas theory has been used to obtain interionic potentials in solids. The strengths and limitations of such non-empirical potentials, and of the methods used to generate them, are emphasized. After minor modifications, many of the functionals derived from electron gas theory turn out to be much more successful and much more widely applicable than might have been expected, given their underlying assumptions.


ABSTRACT In a thermonuclear fusion reactor Tokamak (ITER), the interaction of materials with the plasma to impact the creation of dust formed of beryllium (Be), tungsten (W) and carbon (C), result of erosion of the walls of the vacuum chamber by the plasma varying in size from a few nanometers to tens of microns and are highly reactive chemically.  In case of loss confinement, absorption of these microparticles could then result in consequences for the health of workers.


Most orthopaedic surgeons base their decision to treat subcapital fractures of the hip on a set of guidelines. Garden1 in 1971 provided a simple system of grades to guide surgeons. The system is based on displacement of the fracture fragments and relies on the survival of live osteocytes in a compromised, if not totally disrupted, vascular bed. The most displaced fracture—Garden type IV—has no intact nutrient or neck vessels. Only the vessel of the ligamentum teres may survive. Two additional conditions affect the vitality of the displaced femoral head: patient age and the time lapse since fracture. While intra-osseous vessels may not be affected by age, extra-osseous vessels are. Osteocytes do not survive long in the complete absence of a blood supply. Although a few dying osteocytes have been observed within intact femoral head trabeculae for up to 3 weeks after a sub-capital fracture, they appear to be fatally harmed after 12 hours of ischaemia.2 After subcapital fracture, there are no completely reliable techniques to determine whether the femoral head is alive or dead. Even intravital tetracycline labelling and technetium-methylenediphosphonate radionuclide imaging,3 is not completely 'fool-proof'. Therefore many surgeons do not attempt to treat this fracture by reduction and pinning and opt, from the outset, for an arthroplasty. Preoperative contemplation and planning should bear in mind the acetabular labrum and the posterior capsule. If a monopolar replacement is chosen, the capsule of the hip should be carefully preserved and, in particular, the acetabular labrum. The labrum increases the dimensions of the acetabular space and reduces the likelihood of postoperative dislocation. In patients who are likely to be sitting in bed or in a wheelchair, an anterior approach will reduce the risk of hip dislocation. The converse is true following a posterior approach. The patient's level of activity must also be considered. It influences the choice of arthroplasty. Few people at high risk for subcapital hip fracture are tennis players, but if an individual is very active, a total hip arthroplasty (THA) is better able to withstand hard work and heavy-duty sports, such as skiing, than other treatment options.4 Blood transfusion increases the risk of wound infection and should be avoided if at all possible. Among patients who have had surgery for intracapsular fractures of the hip, the overall risk of wound infection is about 4.5%. It is about 7.0% in those who are transfused in contrast with only 3.71% in the non-transfused.5 Hence a 'less-blood-losing' operation would seem particularly advantageous in this type of surgery, although it is best to avoid blood transfusions in any type of surgery. The above-listed caveats influence the decision on the best choice of femoral head replacement.


ABSTRACT Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)-Poly(L-lactide) (PLA) polymers, with different molar ratios of HEMA/lactide (1/4 and 1/8), were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization. The thermal degradation behavior and kinetic parameters of these obtained HEMA-PLA polymers were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Pyrolysis-Gas chromatography/Mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). It was found that the activation energies of thermal degradation of the polymers increased as the residue weight was decreased, indicating that the mechanism of thermal decomposition changes during the process progress. The results showed that the random chain scission proceeded at lower temperature, and subsequently the specific chain scission did so. Moreover, the results revealed that thermal stability of PLA was increased by the copolymerzation of HEMA. In addition, Py-GC/MS analysis showed that the main decomposed products obtained from the HEMA-PLA polymers were HEMA, lactide, dimer, trimer and tetramer.


A model has been developed to evaluate the performance of tanks using analytic hierarchy process. This approach evaluates the relative performance of a particular system with respect to another system. The approach uses the qualitative information given by the experts in tank warfare and technology to determine the relative rating of tanks. The methods is useful where adequate data for rigorous analysis are not available.


Title : Effect of donor cell type on the in vitro development of buffalo somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos Name and Degree : LIZ SIMON Ph.D. in Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics Name of the : Dr.C.VEERAPANDIAN, Ph.D. Chairman Professor and Head, Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Madras Veterinary College, Vepery, Chennai 600 007. University : Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University. Year : 2005 Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) is an important technology which has immense potential application in animal production and pharmaceuticals. Research works on SCNT in Bubalus bubalis were limited and with the objective of optimizing various aspects of SCNT in buffaloes, experiments were carried out on maturation of oocytes, donor cell type, fusion, activation and culture of NT embryos. A total of 2,982 oocytes retrieved by slicing method from a total of 662 buffalo ovaries collected from the Chennai slaughter house were utilized for the study. A recovery rate of 4.5 oocytes and a yield of 3.43 good quality oocytes (A,B and C grades) per ovary were recorded. The supplementation of cysteamine (100 μM) and Epidermal Growth Factor (10 ng/ml) to the maturation media, TCM 199 with FBS, FSH, LH and Estradiol, significantly (P<0.01) improved the maturation rate (mean  SE) based on extrusion of the first polar body, when compared to the control (77.59  1.08 vs. 63.872.00 per cent). In the experiment designed to standardize the electrofusion protocol, two DC pulses of 1.4 1.6 kV/cm for 35 μsec, for fetal fibroblasts (FF) and adult skin fibroblasts (AF) and similar pulses for 25 μsec, for cumulus (C) were found to give the best fusion and development rates. The NT embryos activated at 24 h post maturation (hpm) had better developmental rates than those activated at 30 hpm. The fusion at 24 hpm and activation at 28-30 hpm gave better fusion and development rates compared to fusion and immediate activation at 24 hpm. In another experiment, in which reconstructs were made with different donor cell types and their fusion and development rates (per cent, mean  SE) were compared, the contemporary cumulus (FC, 41.00  1.80) cells had significantly (P<0.05) lower fusion rates compared to FF (52.6  2.98) and AF (46.9  1.80). The cleavage rate was the highest in FF (42.27  3.10) followed by FC (39.3  3.87) and AF (35.07  2.93). However the reconstructs with FC showed the maximum development rates to 4,  8 and  16 cell stages (25.47  3.97, 11.68  2.38 and 2.62  1.05) followed by FF (24.84  2.84, 7.97  1.66 and 2.17  0.72) and AF (15.51  2.36, 2.53  1.06 and 0.66  0.46, respectively). The sex of the FF had no influence on the development rates and 2-5 cell passages in the preparation of karyoplasts were found to give better results compared to 6-12 passages. The mean cleavage and progression to further development stages were found to be the best in G1/G2, followed by TCM 199 and the least in SOFaa medium. In G1/G2 alone 12.19  5.66 and 1.75  1.49 per cent (mean  SE) developed to morula and blastocyst stages respectively. The transfer of a total of 16 embryos to six healthy recipients on fourth or fifth day of estrous cycle did not result in any conception. In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that FF, AF and C cells could be successfully reprogrammed and developed to preimplantation embryos and FC cells would be the most ideal karyoplast for SCNT in water buffaloes. An electrofusion regimen of two DC pulses of 1.4 1.6 kV/cm for 35 μsec and fusion at 24 hpm followed by activation at 28-30 hpm were suitable for buffalo SCNT. The development of NT embryos was best supported by G1/G2 followed by TCM 199 media.


The need for on-line analysis of power systems stability vis-a-vis postulated disturbances is felt more than ever before in modern energy control centers. The lack of a general practically implementable analytical method, makes it necessary to consider special classes of contingencies each with its own particular a priori characterization amenable to on-line analysis. In this paper a particular class of disturbances, namely faults near generator terminals, are considered; these are regarded to be "worst-case" conditions. The effects of breaker operation and the load model are taken into account. Two stability indexes are defined depending on the load model. Their computation for individual faults involves evaluation of straightforward algebraic expressions and is thus extremely fast. Simulation results are presented which demonstrate the discrimination capability of the indexes and the validity of the overall approach.


In this article we present a novel model-driven system testing methodology for service-centric systems called Telling TestStories, its tool implementation and the underlying model validation mechanism. Telling TestStories is based on tightly integrated but separated platform-independent require- ments, system and test models. The test models integrate test data tables and encourage domain experts to design tests. This process is supported by consistency, completeness, and coverage checks in and between the requirements, system and test models which guarantees a high quality of the models. Telling TestStories is capable of test-driven development on the model level and pro- vides full traceability between all system and testing artifacts. The testing process of the Telling TestStories methodology comprises model development, model validation and system validation. The model development and the system validation are managed by the Telling TestStories tool and the model validation is managed by the SQUAM tool. All process steps, the underlying artifacts and the tools for implementing the process steps are presented by an industrial case study. Keywords-Model-Driven Testing; System Testing; Model Val- idation; Testing Methodology; Testing Tools; Service-Oriented Architecture;


An original approach to the use of binomial coefficients of Pascal's triangle in terms of spatial geometry. Elements of Pascal's triangle are considered as parameters dimensional linear spaces. An algorithm for forming a square and a triangle in spaces of different dimensions. The proposed formula for the relationship between the parameters of these figures in linear spaces of different dimensions and binomial coefficients.


The present invention relates to energy modulation of nerves. In some embodiments, nerves surrounding arteries or leading to organs are targeted with energy sources to correct or modulate physiologic processes. In some embodiments, different types of energy sources are utilized singly or combined with one another. In some embodiments, bioactive agents or devices activated by the energy sources are delivered to the region of interest and the energy is enhanced by such agents.


The response of potential waste forms should be determined for extreme transportation environments that must be postulated for environmental impact analysis and also for hypothetical accident conditions to which packagings and contents must be subjected for licensing purposes. The best approach may be to test materials up to and beyond their failure point; such an approach would establish failure thresholds. Specification of what denotes failure would be defined by existing or proposed regulations or dictated by requirements developed from accident analysis. Responses to physical and thermal insults are the most important for licensing or analysis and need to be thoroughly characterized. Others in need of characterization might be responses to extreme chemical environments and to intense and prolonged radiation exposure. A complete characterization of waste-form responses would be desirable for environments that are considered extreme for transportation accidents but which may be typical for processing or disposal environments. In addition, the characterizations that are performed must be completed in laboratory environments which can be readily correlated to accident environments and must be meaningfully conveyed to a transportation impact analyst. As an example, leaching data as commonly presented are not usable to the analyst and are obtained under conditions that are not directly applicable to conditions of most transportation accidents. Transportation analysts are in need of data useful for calculating environmental impacts and for licensing of packagings. Future waste form development programs and associated decisions should consider the needs of transportation analysts. (ERA citation 06:002044)


In this article, a brief introduction of the current world container fleet and order-book, as well as the development course to large scale for containership is given. Based on the order-book, those main types of containership in current fleets and the reasons to be popular are analyzed. Also, the design trend of containerships at raising container loading, high speed of handling, environment protection and low maintenance cost is analyzed.


Abstract : Government and contractor acquisition personnel are frequently directed by their superiors to trust one another and others with whom they have contracts. Unfortunately, relatively little thought may have been given to what trust consists of or what an act of trust must entail. This paper considers what is involved when one chooses to trust another person, under what circumstances trust may or may not be appropriate, and the consequences of trusting or not trusting. The paper concludes with brief suggestions concerning the ways in which trust might be incorporated into the source selection process.


Yanan Style is an outcome of the realistc spirit of the CPC. in the period of Yanan. The realistic spirit is a distinctive feature and the key content of Yanan style. It mainly embodies in such respects: Seeking the fundamental realities of Yanan in order to practice self-reliance and painstaking efforts; Seeking the thought route of reality in order to make the Marxism popular in China ; Seeking the historic status and function of the people in order to maintain close ties with the masses and serve the people wholeheartedly; Seeking the developing regularity of Anti-Japanese war in order to drive the Japanese invaders away first; Seeking the rule of power in part in order to do well in the "great project" of Party building. Today it is still very important to carry forward the realistic spirit in the forming process of Yanan style.


[Extract] "Prehistory of Australia" is the loosely-termed third edition of "A Prehistory of Australia" which originally appeared under Mulvaney's sole authorship in 1965 and in a revised form in 1975. The book joins a growing number of syntheses of pre-European Aboriginal history based largely on archaeological data, including three editions of Josephine Flood's popular "Archaeology of the Dreamtime", White and O'Connell's classic "A Prehistory of Australia, New Guinea and Sahul" and Harry Lourandos' recent "Continent of Hunter-Gatherers".


High-quality employment is the key for the newgeneration of migrant workers to live in cities and finally become citizens. Based on the survey in the Pearl River Delta, the paper analyzes the effect of professional values and social capital on the employment flow of migrant workers using binary Logistic model. Results show that self-development-oriented professional values and social capital can significantly promote stability in employment, changing jobs frequently is highly related to professional values and the amount of social capital. As a result, the new generation of peasant workers should form selfdevelopment-oriented professional values and broaden the way to accumulate social capital. Keywords—New generation of migrant workers; Social capital; Employment flow; Professional values


Oral squamous cell carcinoma metastasizes commonly to the lung, brain, skin, and occasionally to the bones such as vertebra and ribs. However, spread to the dorsal vertebra with cord compression is an extremely rare presentation. This case highlights this rare entity which was managed surgically. It enabled in ameliorating patient's distressing pain and restoring quality of life.


Abstract : This is the first of a series of reports describing the results of test firings conducted to determine the performance of low-cost ablative materials which are candidates for use as thrust chamber and nozzle liners for MCD (Minimum Cost Design) Booster engines. This report describes the test of Haveg 41, an ablative composed of phenolic resin and asbestos fibers.


The master graduation project focusses on accelerating the transition towards the circular economy. Specifically it is a design for an intervention on an existing building on the Marineterrein making it into start-up incubator in a way consistent with the thought frame of the Circular economy. The project is a exploration of the role of the architect within the proposed circular economy. In depth research is conducted into blockchain technology by a startup Circularise to explore how this technology could stimulate the transition towards a circular economy within the Built Environment industry. The design is intended to combine the whole Marineterrein into a transition campus by fulfilling the necessary program and urban function needed. The design is built up by a set of modules that is made out of elements that are all leased by a number of manufacturers. Main conclusions can be found within the emphasis on the standardized sizes and easy connections of these elements and the effect that these decisions have on the design. Other conclusions include 1) the need of the continues involvement of the architect within the project by creating policies for the use of the building by the start-ups and pro-actively stimulate the living lab function of the building and 2) the need for a 'creative' architect to combine the different element into 'good' architecture instead of just a combination of different element. The latter conclusion is incorporated in this design by finding a set of design principles to guide the design found in the history and context of the Marineterrein and the concept of the circular start-up incubator.


Cross-sections of leaf blades and petioles of different strawberry genotypes
 exhibiting different levels of resistance to Chaetosiphon fragaefolii were
 studied using the paraffin method, and staining with safranin, crystal violet
 and light green. Besides thicker cell walls of the cortex collenchyma in the
 more resistant genotypes, and a proportionally wider collenchyma than
 parenchyma in the cortex, their midribs are also encircled by a ring of more
 intensely stained lignified cells forming a physical ring. This stain
 reaction of cells to safranin and crystal violet occurs also in lateral
 vascular bundles, as well as in leaf palisade tissue. The tissue
 cross-sections of the sensitive genotypes revealed a predominance of green on
 the cellulose cell walls and protoplasts due to the reaction to light green
 SF, while stain reactions to safranin and crystal violet were not evidenced.
 [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 31043]


In this paper we present our experience with developing telehealth applications using smartphones in conjunction with a mobile service provisioning middleware platform named Odin. Common requirements for mobile telehealth applications include the need to support multiple stakeholders, high levels of connectivity between users, real-time interaction, bidirectional communication channels for exchanging diverse data types, computationally intensive processing and security. Meeting these needs is a non-trivial task in mobile execution environments given the limitations of mobile devices and wireless and mobile networks. Odin enables a separation of concerns between application functionality and resource management governing mobile devices and wireless networking. Using Odin, application developers can rapidly develop telehealth applications without needing to address underlying complexity. We describe development of an Odin-based monitoring application that meets many of the aforementioned requirements associated with mobile telehealth. Based on evaluation, results for smartphone power consumption, network bandwidth usage, and communication latency suggest that Odin is an appropriate platform for general telehealth applications.


Shortage of power series used in nonlinear is pointed out.Nonlinear transfer function method based on Volterra series is discussed.This method indicates that general response of feebleness nonlinear circuit is decomposed into N rank responses.Every rank respond is expressed by nonlinear transfer function,and every rank component is explained by harmonic method,which makes a feebleness nonlinear circuit question equal to a linear circuit question,and also simplifies the research on nonlinear system.As an example,a CS MOSFET amplification circuit is calculated in which the solution steps are is simple and clear.The nonlinear transfer function method has high utility value.


Based on the understanding of the theory of Error-analysis,this paper presents a teaching practice on college English writing.By collecting,analyzing and classifying non-English majors' practical writing problems,namely language difficulties,the teaching activity tries to offer them a systematic instruction in the hope to improve their writing ability in a relatively short period of time.The paper also analyzes the positive and negative psychological effects that the teaching activity may put on the students.


Abstract The parent materials of Tirau silt loam (a moderately leached yellow-brown loam/Humic Andosol) at the Reference Site near Tirau have been established with the aid of a correlation line carried westwards over the Mamaku Plateau from Rotorua where the individual tephras can be identified. However, supplementary laboratory tests were needed to establish the identity of some tephras that have been removed by erosion over an intermediate part of the correlation line. In addition to air-fall tephras, several beds of loessial material were recognised. These have originated from rhyolitic tephras that were erupted towards the end of the last glaciation, and lie immediately above the tephras from which they have been derived. Although the tephras recognised are all rhyolitic, frequent additions of andesitic ash from sources to the south have altered the physical and chemical properties of the soil so that it resembles a yellow-brown loam rather than the expected yellow-brown pumice soil. No evidence has b...


Three concepts from sociology—dichotomy and two extensions, dialectic and dialogic—are considered here as social-psychological tools for career practitioners who analyse and investigate career patterns, career motivations and career pathways, whether at career start or at further points of transition. These terms have macro-social applications not discussed here, but the present focus on individual career agency and capacity shows how these concepts can illuminate drivers for change or stability in individual life course and career development. Applying these terms to how career theory accounts for the positive interaction of individuals within the networks of their lives adds additional insight into why and how individuals change—or do not change—careers, and what constrains or enables their personal and occupational paths in the contemporary employment environment.


I use a structural matching model, North Carolina public school data, and a survey of teachers' career plans to analyze schools' and teachers' behaviors in the teacher transfer market. Results show that mid-career teachers with better pre-service qualifications are the most eager to search, different types of teachers and schools have different search strategies, and the market is turbulent, characterized by search friction and large movements of teachers to better, worse, or comparable schools. The market is not as stable and orderly as it may first appear. Simulations show that simple policies to direct teacher transfers are at best inefficient. Jel codes: I24; J48; J62


Regioregular poly(3-hexyl thiophene) (rr-P3HT)-based star polymers were synthesized by a crosslinking reaction of the linear rr-P3HT macroinitiator and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) crosslinker through Ru-based atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), where the rr-P3HT macroinitiator was prepared by Grignard metathesis method (GRIM) followed by end functionalization of the ATRP initiator with chlorophenylacetate (CPA) to the rr-P3HT. Relatively high molecular weight of the star polymers were obtained (Mp = 8,988,000 g/mol), which consisted of large numbers of the rr-P3HT arm chains radiating from the EGDMA-based microgel core. The yield of the star polymers were strongly affected by the added amount of the EGDMA crosslinker. The crystalline structure of the rr-P3HT by intermolecular π-π stacking interaction gradually decreased as the star polymer formed, which was confirmed by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and electro-optical analyses. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011


The article focuses on pond water quality parameters which are important for the overall growth and development of fishes. It's true that many parameters are interconnected and thus require a great deal of data to be understood. Data modelling in this article will fill in the gap caused by lack of advance technology to many farmers. The authors efforts are highly appreciable.


Abstract : The purpose of this research is to explore if and why acquisition personnel serving as contract specialists express antipathy toward becoming warranted contracting officers. If the research finds that antipathy exists, the researcher desires to gain an understanding of what it will take to motivate current and future Army contract specialists to become contracting officers and thus possibly future leaders in the Army's Acquisition Workforce. It is a well-known perception that there is a shortage of contracting officers in the U.S. Army Acquisition Corps. This perception has had an injurious impact on numerous Commands and agencies in terms of providing timely goods and services. These shortages are in part due to an aging workforce and the retirement of numerous contracting personnel, and the reduction in numbers of contracting personnel in the 1990s from the drawdown of the Cold War. Also affecting this shortage is competition with our industry partners for personnel with identical skill sets to provide support to the Services. The results of this research will show a variety of data, since there currently are four generational groups of contract specialists in the workforce.


Submitted for the MAR11 Meeting of The American Physical Society Surface states localization induced by single adatoms at metal surfaces SIMONA ACHILLI, Dept. Material Science, University of Milan Bicocca, MARIO ITALO TRIONI, CNR – National Research Council of Italy, ISTM — The perturbation introduced at metal surfaces by the adsorption of a single adatom affects the surface states. Due to their two dimensional character, localized bound states could result at energy lower then the pristine surface states. The extent of such a localization depends on a variety of aspects such as the attractive strength of the adatom induced potential, the adsorption distance, the nature of the surface state. We investigate this effect through a density functional theory approach that accounts for the semi-infinite character of the substrate and which reproduces the experimental surface states and the surface projected energy gap. The results obtained for different kind of adatoms (both magnetic and paramagnetic) on metal surfaces are discussed, focusing on the localization of the Shockley state and of the image states for different adsorption configurations. The spin splitting of the localized bound state will be also analyzed for magnetic adatoms. Simona Achilli Dept. Material Science, University of Milan Bicocca Date submitted: 19 Nov 2010 Electronic form version 1.4


. The fourth industrial revolution is especially present in manufacturing processes. However, many technological solutions used in this area can also be successfully used on other levels. One of them is the armed forces. In the article, the authors analysed a process of the soldiers functioning in the course of the daily routine to indicate that it is possible to apply simple solutions in the field of electronic data collection and obtain measurable benefits. This is also how the main aim of the study was defined. The authors made a detailed analysis and evaluation of the selected process, pointing to its imperfections and proposing a solution that would optimize its most important parameters (time, reliability). The proposed solution, involving the use of proximity recorders made it possible to solve the research problem, i.e. to answer the question: is it possible and justified to support selected processes of the functioning of soldiers in a sub-unit with the use of modern logistics 4.0 tools? This allowed to verify the research hypothesis that the use of simple tools using new technologies can significantly im-prove the functioning of the examined process. The following research methods, tools and techniques were used: literature analysis, synthesis, observational method, statistical analysis, comparison and inference. The article consists of an introduction and then a review of the literature. The main part is a statistical study. Based on this, a possible solution to the identified shortcomings was proposed. The article ends with a summary and final conclusions.


If there be a disease which is difficult of detection, of frequent occurrence, a common cause of suffering and death, and as to the treatment of which opinion is divided, it must deserve the most careful consideration of every practitioner. All this may he truly said of effusion into the pleural cavity. Effusion most commonly occurs as the result of inflammation of the pleura. Pleurisy may exist without any affection of the lung substance, but it is most frequently met with in conjunction with


Coverage is an essential issue in the underwater wireless sensor network(UWSN).In the virtual force algorithm(VFA),the "virtual" force is constructed as a sensor deployment strategy to enhance the coverage after an initial random placement of sensors.In the sensor field,each sensor behaves as a "source of force" for all the other sensors,which can be either attractive or repulsive.Based on the conception of virtual force,a virtual force area of sensor nodes is constructed and a fast virtual force algorithm(FVFA)is proposed.Difference from the VFA,the FVFA is a simplifying self-organization algorithm,which can improve the coverage rate effectively when deploying the small-scale UWSN.


Diagnostic device having a cell analysis system capable of executing a standardized immune monitoring panel. The system can include an automated and integrated specimen sampling method through the continuous flow process. The device may include a probe washer station, the scheduler, cassette autoloader, bar code systems, and / or the containment zone common boundary surface. For devices and flow cytometer quality assurance, improved optimization trials have been proposed. The proposed method for analyzing a population separated to measure the instrument performance and / or sample characteristics. Such methods may also be used to measure the sample and / or operating characteristics, may be used populations separated.


Who would not rejoice to find a magic bullet that we could fire into obese people to make them permanently slim and healthy? In the United States about a third of adults are obese—that is, have a body mass index (weight(kg)/height(m)2)) above 27.1 The diagnosis can be made with reasonable accuracy by anyone. Obese people appear "chunky" and usually have some abdominal protuberance with or without unsightly thighs. Tens of billions of dollars are spent on diets, pills, spas, or special foods and advice on behavioural change. Any scientific discovery that deals with food intake or obesity quickly becomes a "hot item" for the media. The best seller list usually contains a book giving recommendations for a new diet or mixture of diet and behaviour that assures successful weight control. Medical authorities, particularly public health officials, warn the public of the rising prevalence and hazards of obesity.

A recent editorial in the New England Journal of Medicine documented the failures of current treatment and questioned the benefits of weight loss while reminding us of the strong correlation of obesity with disorders such as hypertension and diabetes.2 Since current treatment so often fails, only a magic bullet would allow us to perform an experiment to determine the full benefit of weight loss. Are we on the brink of finding a drug which will solve the problem?

### Summary points


Wood‐decay fungi are important in forest ecosystems and play an important role in nutrient and carbon recycling. The scope of this research was to identify wood‐inhabiting and wood‐decay macrofungi and determine their ecology. We sampled standing trees and dead wood of oak and hornbeam in the northern forests of Iran, specifically in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces. We assessed the influence of field slope, elevation, site direction and the height of fungal sporocarp position on the tree. The species of wood‐inhabiting and wood‐decay fungi belonged to 11 families: Polyporaceae; Stereaceae; Ganodermataceae; Physalacriaceae; Agaricaceae; Xylariaceae; Pluteaceae; Coprinaceae; Strophariaceae; Pleurotaceae; and Hydnaceae. The most common fungal species identified belonged to the Polyporaceae and Ganodermataceae and predominantly grew on trees growing on a slope of 20%, at an altitude of 700–900 m, 0–3 m from the ground a southwesterly site direction and the northern sides of both tree species. These results indicated that field slope was the most important factor in determining fungal sporocarp abundance.


At present,the traditional testing techniques for power cables are no longer sufficient for cable after installation tests and reliability of daily operation.Therefore,engineers pay more attention to research and investigation of cable PD(partial discharge) testing.The techniques for on-line and off-line monitoring of power cables by PD testing are being used and popularized.


InSb films were deposited on both mica and glass substrates using thermal evaporation and subjected to FA or RTA. Crystallinity, composition and electrical properties were investigated. High Hall electron mobility as high as 25,000 cm2/(Vs) was obtained with the capped InSb film by keeping the In:Sb ratio after RTA at 520°C for 30 sec or more without adopting epitaxial growth on glass.


The invention provides an intelligent remote control LED (light-emitting diode) vaginal instrument which comprises a vaginal instrument body and a remote controller. The vaginal instrument body comprises an LED component, a quartz cover, a fixing part, a vibration device, a control circuit, an operating display module, a sealing component, a timer, a heating component, a temperature sensor, a wireless transmitting and receiving module, a power supply, a charging circuit, an interface, a shell and a protection sleeve. The LED component comprising a plurality of ultraviolet, infrared, visible light or white light emitting diodes is positioned in the quartz cover, both the LED component and the quartz cover are fixed on the fixing part, and the remote controller comprises a wireless transmitting and receiving module, an operating display component, a power supply and an electronic circuit. The vaginal instrument is characterized in that the remote controller and the vaginal instrument body realize wireless communication through the operating display component, the electronic circuit and the wireless transmitting and receiving modules, so that all working states of the vaginal instrument are displayed, and a temperature control function, a vibration function, a timing function and a prompting function of the vaginal instrument body are realized through the control circuit, the heating component, the temperature sensor, the vibration device and the timer. A wireless remote control function and the temperature control function are added based on a traditional vaginal instrument, comfort of a user is improved by humanized design, and the vaginal instrument is more convenient to operate.


Creative writing instructors who shake their heads and wonder why their students are not performing as expected can find answers in an unexpected source: neuroscience. Neuroscientists have proven that when an individual is stressed or threatened, a part of the brain stem called the Reticular Activating System (RAS) will shift control from the cerebral cortex to the limbic system. When the limbic system is in the ascendant, behavior is instinctual, based on the fight-or-flight response, or the result of deeply engrained training. Without significant input from the cerebral cortex, the individual is temporarily deprived of the ability to perform nuanced analysis and creative thought. Moreover, the individual is rarely aware of this shift and often attributes the resulting inability to perform her or his usual creative thinking as a lack of willpower, character or ability. What is typically thought of as writer's block or other forms of writing resistance is the result the cerebral cortex being temporarily unavailable. Common forms of writing resistance can be categorized within the three instinctual responses the limbic system relies on: freezing (momentary paralysis), followed by the choice of fighting or fleeing. It is imperative that instructors understand the neurological causes of resistance, recognize resistance in its many guises, and find ways to help students relax in the writing classroom and during out-of-class writing so that their creative cerebral cortex can reengage.


Sixty patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, 48 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and 30 healthy individuals (a control group) were examined. Modified procedures for enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and immunofluorescence (IF) assays with an immobilized magnetic sorbent (MS) based on catalase as an antigenic matrix were used to detect catalase antibodies (Ab). The application of immobilized MSs and a photoelectric digital display attachment to a fluorescence microscope permits measurements of Ab to soluble antigens (catalase) in the IF assay. Nevertheless, for detection of catalase Ab in laboratory practice, preference should be given to EIA using a MS as a more sensitive procedure.


In the past decade several satellite borne synthetic aperture radars (SAR) have been put into orbit. A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) not only records the intensity of the returned signal, but also the phase history of the backscattered radar signal and is processed to high spatial resolution images. To observe the structure of tropical cyclones at the sea surface RADARSAT 1 and ENVISAT ASAR Scan SAR images (400 x 400 km coverage) are the preferred datasets used. Together with optical imagery that yield information on the cloud tops they yield the possibility to investigate the three dimensional structure of tropical cyclones. The intensity images are calibrated and information on wind speed is derived. In addition sea surface features relating to cloud structure and rain rate are analysed. We give an assessment on the possibility to retrieve wind speed from SAR using the CMOD algorithms.

In addition we have been investigating the following features in SAR images of hurricanes:

- Wavelength and Direction of Boundary layer rolls for information of mixed boundary layer depth - Radius of maximum wind speed - Sea State in terms of wavelength and -direction

These image parameters are related to parametric models of hurricanes and validated by aircraft measurements from the national hurricane center (NHC). The work aims at the improvement of prediction of the cyclone track, intensity and sea state in such high wind speed conditions.


Vanderbauwhede and van Gils, Krupa, and Langford studied unfoldings of bifurcations with purely imaginary eigenvalues and a nonsemisimple linearization, which generically occurs in codimension three. In networks of identical coupled ODE these nilpotent Hopf bifurcations can occur in codimension one. Elmhirst and Golubitsky showed that these bifurcations can lead to surprising branching patterns of periodic solutions, where the type of bifurcation depends in part on the existence of an invariant subspace corresponding to partial synchrony. We study the stability of some of these bifurcating solutions. In the absence of partial synchrony the problem is similar to the generic codimension three problem. In this case we show that the bifurcating branches are generically unstable. When a synchrony subspace is present we obtain partial stability results by using only those near identity transformations that leave this subspace invariant.


Adipocyte fatty acid‐binding protein (A‐FABP) is up‐regulated in regenerated endothelial cells and modulates inflammatory responses in macrophages. Endothelial dysfunction accompanying regeneration is accelerated by hyperlipidaemia. Here, we investigate the contribution of A‐FABP to the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction in the aorta of apolipoprotein E‐deficient (ApoE−/−) mice and in cultured human endothelial cells.


Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis (NEH) is a rare, self-limited, neutrophilic dermatosis characterized histologically by a neutrophilic infiltration around the eccrine coils and necrosis of the eccrine glands. It occurs most commonly in patients undergoing chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia and other malignant disease, but, other associations, such as infections, drugs or even in generally healthy individuals. We report a case of 45-year-old Korean woman with numerous erythematous papules on her trunk after treatment with intravenous administration of placental extracts. The hisopathological findings were compatible with neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis.


Objective: To determine the enhancement effects of caffeine on chemotherapy of transplanted osteosarcoma in Fischer 344/N rats. Methods: Osteosarcoma-bearing Fischer 344/N rats were treated with cisplatin 2.5 mg/kg(Group DDP), caffeine 90 mg/kg× 2 d(Group caffeine),and cisplatin 2.5 mg/kg plus caffeine 90 mg/kg× 2 d(Group DDP + caffeine), and the control group was treated with normal saline in the same volume. All drugs were given by intra-peritoneum injection with micro-pump, in the rate of 0.5 ml/h. The tumor volume was measured and evaluated. The tumors were stained in TUNEL, and PCNA was detected with immunohistochemistry. The tumor growth inhibition rate, PCNA index and apoptosis index were calculated, and the survival time were recorded. Results: The tumor inhibition rate was -0.5219±0.1429 in control group, 0.0362±0.0957 in Group DDP, -0.4193±0.1345 in Group caffeine, and 0.3646±0.1313 in Group DDP + caffeine (P<0.01). PCNA index was 0.4587±0.1312 in control group, 0.1847±0.0535 in Group DDP, 0.4381±0.0706 in Group caffeine, and 0.0314±0.0231 in Group DDP + caffeine (P<0.01). Apoptosis index was 0.0008±0.0005 in control group, 0.0077±0.0060 in Group DDP, 0.0011±0.0003 in Group caffeine, and 0.0295±0.0069 in Group DDP+ caffeine (P<0.01). And the survival time was (33.63±4.63)d in control group, (52.13±11.74)d in Group DDP, (35.63±5.15)d in Group caffeine, and (55.13±16.23)d in Group DDP + caffeine(P<0.01). Conclusion: Caffeine could enhance the anti-tumor effect of cisplatin in rat osteosarcoma.


As public awareness about sustainability grows and as higher education advances sustainability more comprehensively, geographers have an opportunity to take a role in sustainability education. This article examines (1) what constitutes sustainability education, (2) how geographic concepts and Geographic Information System (GIS) are relevant to sustainability education, and (3) how geospatial thinking can be incorporated into the sustainability curriculum using GIS. This research proposes five geospatial inquiries that students can make to explore sustainability issues using GIS, which are spatial distribution, spatial interactions, spatial relationships, spatial comparisons, and temporal relationships. Definition, examples, and uses of these five geospatial inquiries supported by GIS are provided.


Abstract Risk from the "natural event system"; of hurricanes varies greatly along the U.S. coastline, and so do the property and lives at risk. Damage potential from storm surge in the Miami area is less than a third that of the Tampa area. However, damage potential from winds in the Boston and New York areas exceeds that of either the Miami or Tampa areas. Passage of time since the great hurricane disasters near the turn of the century and improvements in the warning system may make coastal dwellers underestimate the likelihood of a hurricane catastrophe. But population growth near the coast has been more than three times the national average, and 10 of 58 coastal segments 50 miles in width more than doubled in population between 1960 and 1970. Twenty‐two segments increased by more than 25,000 people with six increasing by 150,000. Legislative response to the growing hazard has varied as widely as risk but is not clearly correlated with risk.


SUMMARY This paper proposes overloaded multiple input multiple output (MIMO) bi-directional communication with physical layer network coding(PLNC)toenhancethetransmissionspeedinheterogeneouswireless multihopnetworkswherethenumberofantennasontherelayislessthanthatontheterminals.TheproposedoverloadedMIMOcommunicationsystem appliesprecodingandrelayfilteringtoreducecomputationalcomplexityinspiteofthetransmissionspeed.Aneigenvector-basedfilterisproposed fortherelayfilter.Furthermore,weproposeatechniquetoselectthebestfilteramongcandidateseigenvector-basedfilters.Theperformanceof theproposedoverloadedMIMObi-directionalcommunicationisevaluatedbycomputersimulationinaheterogeneouswireless2-hopnetwork.The proposedfilterselectiontechniqueattainsagainofabout1 . 5dB at the BER of 10 − 5 in a 2-hop network where 2 antennas and 4 antennas are placed on the relay and the terminal, respectively. This paper shows that 6 stream spatial multiplexing is made possible in the system with 2 antennas on the relay.


Alan Millar meets Leon Daniels, Transport for London's surface transport managing director, who talks about Borismasters, low-emission and zero-emission buses-- but first also wants to share his Olympic experiences.


This article provides an analysis of modern high-precision armament (artillery), is standing in service with Ukraine and USA. The main specifications of high-precision munitions, the principle of their action and application are given.
Modern barrel artillery, with high firepower, rate of fire, maneuverability and the ability to solve a wide range of combat tasks, retains a leading position in the armament system of militarily advanced countries.
High fire properties of barrel artillery are provided by constant improvement of all components of its subsystems. In terms of combat potential, the most modern artillery systems 2C19 (Ukraine), CAESAR (France), and PzH2000 (Germany) are 4-5 times higher than the artillery systems developed in the 1960s and 1980s.
And yet, despite the obvious improvement in artillery, the number of guns involved, the consumption of shells and the time of the main combat missions still remain significant. Thus, to defeat the enemy's battery at ranges from 15 to 20 km, you need to involve an artillery division (18 guns), and the cost will be 600-800 shells.The firing time is 6-8 minutes.
Widespread introduction of the latest scientific and technical achievements in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation has led to the emergence of qualitatively new means of armed strugg. First of all, we are talking about high-precision weapons, the mass use of which allows you to solve problems of operational and sometimes strategic nature.
Keywords: high-precision armament, high0precision munitions, artillery systems, specifications, possibilities.


Results of ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of protonated water clusters H+(H2O) n n=2,3 are presented. The simulations are based on Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics with ab initio forces obtained from density functional theory. Stationary points on the potential enery surfaces of these clusters are discussed and in particular the performance of the chosen approximation to the exchange correlation functional has been considered. Infrared spectra are obtained from trajectories at 80 K and 270 K and are compared with experimental spectra generated by molecular beam experiments. While the terminal hydrogen stretch frequencies are perturbed only weakly, vibrations of the hydrogen bonded protons are red shifted strongly and broadened. The trajectories generated are interpreted in terms of molecular rearrangements. In the case of H5O2 + a coupled rotational-translational motion leads to an intermolecular rearrangement, while for H7O3 + a simple umbrella motion describes the reaction coordinate best.


Several CFD snow drift models were proposed in the literature. These models include various assumptions and scaling laws representing the mass exchange, the transport and diffusion of particles and the feedback on the air flow. The validations of such existing models were conducted over a partial set of data. This is one of the reasons why we carried out a series of experiments using the low temperature wind tunnel at Shinjo Branch of Snow and Ice Studies (CES : Cryospheric Envi- ronment Simulator), NIED in Shinjo, Yamagata Prefecture Japan. The first experiments we undertook allowed to characterize the used snow regarding the wind action. We placed an ultra-sonic anemome- ter and a snow particle counter at the end of the wind tunnel, and by increasing gradually the wind velocity until the snow entrainment start and we continued until attaining a significant snow fluxes and gradually decreasing the velocity until the transport vanished. We determined the threshold friction velocity. This procedure was conducted twice to evaluate the uncertainty of the determination. Sec- ondly, and for three wind tunnel velocity (5.5 m/s, 7 m/s and 9 m/s) and using a snow depth sensor we measured the mass exchange rate at the base along the flow each 0.5 m and afterwards, we con- ducted the same experiments by measuring the basal wind velocity and mass fluxes each 1 m from the ground. Finally and at the end of the wind tunnel, where the steady state is clearly attained and using an ultrasonic anemometer and a snow particle counter, we explored the vertical velocity and mass flux evolution. These data are analyzed to explore the macroscopic scaling law relating the mass exchange to the air flow velocity and the mass fluxes and the relation between the horizontal mass flux and the mean velocity. Since these data cover a significant range of flow velocity and include the determination of grain characteristics, the threshold velocity, the erosion fluxes, the air flow and snow fluxes at the interface between the air and the snow at rest, along the flow in the unsteady phase and the vertical snow fluxes and wind velocity profiles in the steady phase, it is a good opportunity to use these data to conduct an international benchmark between available snow drift CFD numerical mod- els.


Objective To explore the application value of continuously individualized health education for patients undergoing percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage with long-term indwelled tube. Methods 82 patients undergoing percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage with long-term indwelled tube were randomly. divided into control group and experiment group 41 patients were assigned to each group with clinical observation of 3 months. Patients in experiment group received continuously individualized health education during the process of drainage tube placement and follow-up after discharge, while patients in control group were provided with regular health education and discharge guidance. Patients' knowledge of indwelled tube drainage, their satisfaction degree toward nurses' work and catheter nursing after discharge between these two groups were evaluated. Results Patients' knowledge level in experiment group is 87.80%, which is apparently higher than that of control group. Their satisfaction degree toward nurses' work is better in experiment group. Furthermore, drainage-related complications in experiment group is lower than that of control group. Conclusion Continuously individualized health education can improve patients' understanding on drainage tube and their ability of self care toward drainage tube. It also increases patients' satisfaction degree and reduces drainage-related complications.


Keywords: Lifestyle, Straighten Hair
This study examines the lifestyle of consumers in the decision of the hair straightening Faculty of Economics, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, viewed from the Activity (Activities), Interest (Interest), Opinion (Opinion), by lifting the title "Analysis of consumer lifestyles in hair straightening decision" (Study on Student University of Malang Campus III).
Formulation of the problem in this research is that consumers with what lifestyle decisions hair straightening at Muhammadiyah University of Malang Campus III, Views of Activities, Interests, and Darin Opininya.Tujuan this study was to determine the lifestyle of consumers in the decision of the hair straightening at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang , judging from the activity with 9 indicators, interest with 9 indicators, pedapat with 9 indicators.
This study uses cluster analysis with three stages. The first stage is to classify 27 variables to determine the valid and realibelnya using factor analysis with the level of validity realibel above 0.30 and 0.60. Then proceed with cluster analysis. In the second stage of the calculation of group preference, from the cluster was formed six clusters that included the type of consumer lifestyle. Phase three is the grouping of respondents based on the similarity of the answers through the process step by step the results of which cluster I, which as many as 36 people (26%) of 135 respondents, cluster 2 consists of 23 people (17%) of 135 respondents, cluster 3 as much as 22orang (16 %) of 135 respondents, cluster 4 as many as 29 people (I23%) of 135 respondents, cluster 5 comprised 24 (18%) of 135 respondents and cluster 6 consists of 1 person (0%) of 135 respondents.
From these results we can see the cluster I and cluster 4 which is dominant, for cluster 1 is the type of rah-rah and cluster 4 is the type of hedonist. From that group they are known to have received information from electronic media, like the crowds, happy with new products and shopping.
Based on the above conclusions, the author can implement that for product promotion Rebonding more likely on the type of lifestyle rah-rah and hedonist. For the promotion of this product Rebonding entertainment places such crowds in the mall and the woman is the biggest consumer.


Abstract: This study examines the effect of audit committee characteristics and board diversity on the performance of companies in Indonesia. In addition, this research also explores the effect of the audit committee's characteristics and the board's diversity on the company's performance in various age classifications. The study involves 170 samples of primary and secondary sector firms registered on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2014 to 2020, analyzed by data panel regression analysis. The study's main findings disclosed that the audit committee's size and the competence of the financial audit committee are positively influencing the market-based firm performance. However, it does not significantly affect the audit committee's meeting frequency regarding the market-based strong performance. Furthermore, the study discloses that foreign and board gender positively influences market-based firm performance. Such findings benefit policymakers in developing appropriate governance mechanisms in the Indonesian market as a developing country. To the best author's knowledge, this study is the first to comprehensively analyze the association between audit committee characteristics and board diversity on market-based firm performance. Furthermore, no previous study conducted additional analyzes based on firm age in the Indonesian context.


Objective we studied the effect of the Purine mucleoside Valaciclovir on anti duck hepatitis virus(DHBV) in vivo to provide an experimental basis for clinical treatment of patients with hepatitisB.Methods The Chongqing duck hepatitis B virus model was treated with Valaciclovir once a day for a month at the doses of 50mg.kg -1 、100mg.kg 1 、200mg.kg -1 of body weight per day. Serum DHBV DNA was detected four times in the course of the treatment,ALT and AST in serum and DHBV DNA in liver were detected simultaneously.Results Valaciclovir could signsificantly lower the serum DHBV DNA level. Serum ALT of several ducks in serum rose slightly during the treatment,but became normal after 1 week stopping Valaciclovir. Examination of DHBV DNA in liver with Southern Blot indicated Valaciclovir could inhibit DHBV DNA replication,but could not completely eliminate DHBV SC DNA.Conclusion The study confirms the safety and potent antihepaticviral activity of Valaciclovir in vivo.


The invention and innovation of RFID technology changed the world and many sectors (such as logistics, railways, healthcare, and so on) are now deployed with RFID technology instead of using barcode systems. With the numerous advantages, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) got many expectations in the healthcare sector. The main objective of this research work is to implement the RFID technology in Specimen collection in the healthcare sector and the IoT (Internet of Things) network supports the transaction while the specimen test box is being delivered. The system uses a Sparkfun RFID reader to read/write patient information to the Gen2 RFID tag, which is attached to the test tube collected from the patients. When the test box is delivered to another laboratory, we develop an IoT network to know the box's temperature, humidity, and GPS location instantly, with the help of an NB-IoT shield. The major advantage of the combination between IoT technology and RFID is that the management of test box overall condition becomes much easier. To summarize, this method is highly competent in identifying the location of medical devices in real-time and reduces the time-consuming of data logging than the barcode system.


Between 10 and 20% of teenagers have a chronic illness:1 an ongoing health condition that lasts at least 3 months, and for which a cure is unlikely. Research suggests that teenagers with chronic illnesses are more likely to also have low mood and develop depression than their healthy peers.2


We propose a new comprehensive solution to global interconnect optimization. Traditional buffering algorithms mostly insert repeaters on a net-by-net basis based on slacks and possibly guided by global wires. We show how to integrate routing congestion, placement congestion, global timing constraints, power consumption, and additional constraints into a single resource sharing formulation. The core of our algorithm is a new buffered routing subroutine. Given a net and Lagrangean resource prices for routing, timing, placement, and power, it computes a buffered global route. The resource sharing framework provides a special multiplicative price update for fast convergence. Our algorithm is fast enough for practical instances. We demonstrate experimentally on 7nm microprocessor units that it significantly improves timing while reducing netlength and power consumption in an industrial design flow.


OBJECTIVE To research the state,trait anxiety status of Guangdong university students and its influencing factors.METHODS 660 university students from 10 universities in Guangdong were surveyed through the tool of STAI,a total of 650 questionnaires were retrieved(94.2%),and 624 of them were eligible(96.0%).RESULTS There was a significant difference between the level of anxiety state(39.76 ± 9.78)of Guangdong college students and that of national norms(P = 0.000)but no significant difference between the trait anxiety(42.96 ± 7.59)and the norms(P﹥0.05),and did not exist significant gender and sole-child differences(P﹥0.05);There were significant differences in state,trait anxiety between whether were poverty-stricken,had physical defect,satisfied with appearance,major,school willing to communication,regular life and association members(P﹤0.05);all of the 8 influencing factors were included in the regression equation except the dimension of poverty-stricken,explaining 18% of state anxiety and 22.7% of trait anxiety.CONCLUSION There are not significant differences between the status of the state and trait anxieties between Guangdong college students and the national norms;poverty-stricken,physical defect,communication,regular life and association members,satisfactory with appearance,major and school are the influencing social and psychological factors of university students of Guangdong.


Design, development, and testing of a comprehensive and automated classification system for single and multiple partial discharge (PD) source identification based on the relationship between the variation of phase resolved partial discharge (PRPD) patterns and the sources of PD is proposed. The proposed system consists of feature extraction methods and classifier algorithms that are implemented for recognition of partial discharge patterns. Once the PRPD patterns are recorded, features generation algorithms are applied on the collected data. For single PD source identification, twelve high performance, applicable feature extraction techniques on PRPD patterns are employed to extract features. In order to present a comprehensive classification system, 10 well-known algorithms for the classification of PD sources have then been used. To evaluate the performance of the classification system, three laboratory test setups are designed and built to simulate various types of PD activities. The first test setup includes test cells which are designed to model common sources of PD in air, oil, and SF6. Using this setup, the application of automated classification system on different sources of PD in different HV insulation media is investigated. The second and third test setups are designed to test the classification system on identification of different sources of PD in oil-immersed insulation and power transformer cellulose insulation under both electrical and thermal stresses, respectively. In many practical situations, the interest lies in the identification of multiple, simultaneously activated PD sources in insulation. Multi-source PDs sometimes results in partially overlapped patterns, which makes them hard to be identified by single source identification techniques. To further enhance the proposed classification system, a novel algorithm to identify Multi-source PDs is developed and appended to the system. To evaluate the performance of this


In this paper, we present an empirical analysis of the topological properties of PTN based on the bus networks data of Shijiazhuang from 1996 to 2008. As a result, we find that the PTN is a small-world, accelerated growing network and a hybrid between a scale-free and a random network. To explain the results, we propose a simulation model based on accelerated growth and nonlinear preference rules to show a possible evolutionary mechanism for PTN. Numerical simulations show that the model performs well in reproducing basic topological properties of the real-world PTNs. The results can help us to understand the evolution mechanism of PTN as well as other evolving transportation networks. INTRODUCTION Recent years have witnessed an upsurge in the study of complex systems that can be described in terms of networks (Boccaletti et al. 2006). Public transport networks (PTN) can be mentioned as an important example of these evolving complex networks. There has been a substantial amount of interest in the topological properties and evolutionary processes of PTNs among researchers in different scientific fields (Sienkiewicz and Holyst 2005; Gao et al. 2005; Lu and Shi 2007; Xu et al. 2007; Ferber et al. 2009). These studies made careful analysis of various PTN instances using empirical, simulational, and theoretical tools and revealed the general features of PTN such as small-world, scale-free, and hierarchically-organized. However, most of these studies viewed networks from a static perspective, so it was difficult to capture and explain the evolution mechanism of PTN. In this paper, we will use complex network theory to analyze the topological properties of PTN from a temporal perspective. An empirical analysis ICCTP 2009: Critical Issues in Transportation Systems Planning, Development, and Management ©2009 ASCE 1084


AUTHOR'S ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is to examine rates of domestic abuse, abuse during pregnancy and the health effects of abuse among Native American women. This study is a combined retrospective-prospective exploratory study that examines individual and cumulative physical, sexual and emotional abuses experienced during childhood and adulthood. Thirty pregnant Native American women from one urban clinic participated in the study. Data collection included prenatal and postpartum chart reviews as well as personal interviews. The majority of study participants (90%) reported having experienced some type of abuse, including childhood abuse (physical: 27%; sexual: 40%; either: 47%), sexual abuse as adults (40%; 17% current partner), abuse by an intimate partner (87%; 70% current partner), battering during pregnancy (57%; 33% current pregnancy). Seventy percent of participants had experienced multiple abuses. An Abuse Events variable was created to examine the effects of cumulative abuses. Significant relationships were found between increased abuse events and chemical dependency, depression, increased preterm birth/low birth weight (PTB/LBW) risk scores and child abuse. Significant relationships were found between current abuse and decreased birth weight and inadequate prenatal care; between childhood abuse and chemical dependency; and between battering during pregnancy and increased Index of Spouse Abuse scores. Perceived cultural acceptance of violence against women was significantly related to current abuse, battering during pregnancy and increased abuse events. Other relationships of clinical, but not statistical significance were found between various types of abuse and inadequate weight gain, sexually transmitted diseases and substance use during pregnancy, suicide attempts, depression, PTB/LBW and miscarriage. The results of this study indicate that Native American women may be a population at great risk of abuse and health problems including substance abuse, suicide and pregnancy complications. Overall rates of abuse and health problems and risks are interpreted using a model of abuse and dysfunction that includes an historical analysis of Native cultures and the intergenerational Post Traumatic Stress Disorder caused by historical and current abuses of Native American peoples. Culturally specific nursing interventions are discussed. Further research to examine culturally specific forms of abuse and to expand the current study are recommended. (Abstract Adapted from Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1994. Copyright © 1994 by Diane Kay Bohn; University Microfilms International) Violence Against Women Violence During Pregnancy Partner Violence Domestic Violence Effects Domestic Violence Victim Spouse Abuse Victim Spouse Abuse Effects Spouse Abuse Injury Adult Female Adult Pregnancy Adult Victim Female Victim Physical Health Native American Female Native American Victim Native American Adult Minnesota Urban Environment Child Abuse Effects Child Abuse Victim Child Sexual Abuse Effects Child Sexual Abuse Victim Child Female Child Victim Child Physical Abuse Effects Child Physical Abuse Victim Sexual Assault Effects Sexual Assault Victim Spouse Abuse Rape Rape Effects Rape Victim Long-Term Effects Juvenile Female Juvenile Victim Native American Child Native American Juvenile 06-01


Five healthy brewer's draymen with 4-10 years of occupational experience were studied in the laboratory during horizontal lifting work, which simulated an order filling task at a brewery. The subjects performed lifting from left to right and were instructed to choose the weight of a case which they preferred for normal 8-hour piece-rate work. The subjects chose about half as heavy a case as in previous studies of vertical lifting. They also showed a great interindividual variation in the choice of the weight (6-17 kg), although intraindividual variation was slight. When the lifting rate was doubled, the average weight chosen was only lower by 11%, although the subjects performed 74% more work. Physiological measurements and ratings of perceived workload were made with 67, 100, 133, 167 and 200% of the individually preferred weights. Heart rate increased with increased case weight, but remained below l00 beats/min. Oxygen uptake and pulmonary ventilation also rose with increased case weight and lifting rat...


With the advent of IoT, and the growing demand of infotainment, the number of data sources transmitting at high data rates for long duration is increasing rapidly. It results an ever increasing level of associated Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) in our surroundings. The transmission powers from the near-field sources like mobile phones along with the duration of sessions are the crucial factors to accurately assess the harmful effects of EMR exposure from these devices. In order to limit and balance the EMR exposure from these sources, this paper, proposes short-range multi-hop packet forwarding technique with cognitive channel allocation for newer technologies of LTE. Theoretical analysis presented here, establishes bounds on the permissible channels and matching data rates to be used by the nodes to balance the duration of transmission maintaining the safe limit of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). Based on this strategy, algorithm is developed for multi-hop packet routing with channel selection using cognitive radio. Extensive simulation studies on 5G New Radio (NR) band show significant improvement in energy efficiency with nearly balanced transmission duration and SAR reducing the near-field heating effect throughout the network.


Objective:To screen out suspected risk factors associated with neurosis,such as personality disorder,life events,parental rearing behavior,and to explore degree of their associations.Methods:A case-control study was carried out among 100 cases with neurosis and 200 controls without mental disorder,matched by gender and age(±3 years).The Life Events Scale(LES),Parental Rearing Style Questionnaire(EMBU),Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire(PDQ-4)were self-reported by the subjects.Results:Single factor analysis showed that there were statistical differences(P0.05)between case and control groups in negative life event(22.5 vs.2.5),paternal rejection [(40.4±14.1)vs.(35.4±7.9)],paternal overprotection[(29.1±7.5)vs.(28.2±5.6)],maternal rejection rearing behavior[(40.4±13.7)vs.(36.8±8.5)],and overall personality disorder[(29.8±14.1)vs.(17.1±13.0)].Using non-conditional logistic regression analysis,the potential protective factor was positive events(OR=0.92,95% CI:0.87~0.98),and the potential risk factors included negative live events(OR=1.06,95% CI:1.04~1.08)and overall personality disorder(OR =4.84,95% CI:2.24~10.49).Conclusion:Positive life event may be a protective factor for neurosis,while negative life event and personality disorder may be risk factors.


Organophosphate hydrolase has great potential in removal of organophosphate compounds.An organophosphate hydrolase MPH was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3).Experiments were designed to optimize the parameters for fermentation of MPH.Inexpensive lactose was used as an inducer of expression of the MPD gene,which is under the control of a trc promoter.Composition of the culture medium,lactose concentration,induction phase and metal ions were tested,L9 orthogonal test was designed to determine the optimal carbon and nitrogen source and lactose concentration.Fed-batch culture process of E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET29a-mpd were carried out to produce recombinant MPH in 7L Bioengineering autocontrol fermentor.The final cell density and concentration of MPH fusion were 12.65g(DCW)/L and 14.56% respectively.


We show an implementation of a spectrally resolving single-shot polarimeter, without any moving parts and few functional components. The functional principle and the setup as well as optimizations of the system will be presented.


Titanium oxide films were prepared by ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD), where the films were synthesized by depositing titanium atoms and simultaneously bombarding with an Xe/sup +/ ion beam at an energy of 40 keV in an O/sub 2/ environment. The results show that titanium oxide films exhibit rutile type structure with [100] orientation. The surface energy of titanium oxide and titanium films prepared by IBAD were measured by the contact angle method. The results show that titanium oxide films with [100] orientation exhibit surface energy with dispersion component, /spl alpha/=5.79 (dyne/cm)/sup 1/2/ and polar component, /spl beta/=2.94 (dyne/cm)/sup 1/2/. The protein adsorption properties on low temperature isotropic pyrolytic carbon (LTI-carbon) and titanium oxide films with [100] orientation were studied by the radioisotope labeling method. The results show that there are less human fibrinogen (HFG) adsorbed on the surface of titanium oxide films between adsorbed HFG and proteins in solutions. In HSA/HFG (human fibrinogen) binary system, less HFG is adsorbed on titanium oxide films. The relationship between adsorption and surface energy was discussed. It can be concluded that the titanium oxide films with [100] orientation are better than those of LTI-carbon from a blood compatibility point of view.


We present a new algorithm for graph partitioning based on optimization of the combinatorial isoperimetric constant. It is shown empirically that this algorithm is competitive with other global partitioning algorithms in terms of partition quality. The isoperimetric algorithm is easy to parallelize, does not require coordinate information, and handles nonplanar graphs, weighted graphs, and families of graphs which are known to cause problems for other methods. Compared to spectral partitioning, the isoperimetric algorithm is faster and more stable. An exact circuit analogy to the algorithm is also developed with a natural random walks interpretation. The isoperimetric algorithm for graph partitioning is implemented in our publicly available Graph Analysis Toolbox [L. Grady, Ph. D. thesis, Boston University, Boston, MA, 2004], [L. Grady and E. L. Schwartz, Technical report TR-03-021, Boston University, Boston, MA, 2003] for MATLAB obtainable at http://eslab.bu.edu/software/graphanalysis/. This toolbox was used to generate all of the results compiled in the tables of this paper.


Active learning (AL) aims to actively label training data for supervised learners to efficiently improve accuracy of the trained models. However, traditional AL techniques ignore model fairness, which is an important social norm in modern machine learning applications. In this paper, we propose the first fairness-aware active learning technique for decoupled model called D-FA2L. It labels data that receive disagreed predictions from the decoupled models, and we hypothesize it can simultaneously improve model fairness and model accuracy. We present theoretical justification of D-FA2L, proving it can reduce model unfairness under proper conditions. In experiments, we show D-FA2L can reduce model unfairness effectively, and the reduction is more efficient than both classic and state-of-the-art AL techniques on three data sets. In the meantime, D-FA2L is able to maintain similar improvement rate on model accuracy.


Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and photogrammetry have been widely used to reconstruct a photo-realistic 3D model of physical bridges for documentation of cultural bridges or remote bridge inspection. However, the optimal image overlap for photogrammetric bridge reconstruction that can trade off the model quality and overall mission time has not yet been studied. In this paper, a comparative experiment was conducted on a real girder bridge with three typical overlap configurations being implemented to capture corresponding UAV image sets, based on which bridge models were reconstructed using a commercial photogrammetry software package. Time consumption and the quality of reconstructed bridge models of these three experimental cases were compared and analysed. The results showed that the configuration of 66.7% forward overlap and 50% side overlap is the optimal overlap configuration for the reconstruction of a variety of bridge components, which can result in the minimum number of images while saving the overall mission time for image acquisition and processing. The overlap recommendation may also be applicable to the 3D reconstruction of other types of bridges and buildings with similar structural components.


Both color and health promoting properties are desirable characters of fruits. Seven fruit species and their cultivars with distinctive colors (white, green, orange, red and dark red) were used to evaluate their pigment contents as well as their hydrophilic antioxidant capacity (HAC) and lipophilic antioxidant capacity (LAC) in the present study. Significantly higher levels of anthocyanins (759.4 mg/kg), and phenolics (3 254.7 mg/kg) were found in a dark red-fleshed cultivar of Chinese bayberry than the other fruits, whereas the highest total carotenoid content (19 551.3 μg/kg) was found in a red-fleshed loquat cultivar. Chlorophylls were only detected in kiwifruit. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (HAC+LAC), measured by peroxyl radical scavenging capacity (PSC), was the highest (31.14 mmol TE/kg) in the dark red-fleshed Chinese bayberry and the lowest (10.34 mmol TE/kg) in a white-fleshed peach. HAC was significantly correlated with the contents of anthocyanin (R^2=0.97) and total phenolics (R^2=0.84), while LAC was only correlated with carotenoid content (R^2=0.92). Content of vitamin C, the well-known water soluble antioxidant, was found to have a poor correlation with HAC values. Such results indicate that both dark red-fleshed fruit species with high anthocyanin contents and orange-fleshed fruit species with high carotenoid content are good sources of natural antioxidants.