NEW INSIGHTS INTO A CHEMical process that can cause microorganisms to aggregate could have implications for preventing harmful biofilms from forming. The process is chemotaxis, or chemically induced movement. Generally considered a method for scattering cells, chemotaxis has now been shown to cause cells to gather in tight groups. The discovery was made by professor of molecular biology Jeffry B. Stock and physics professor Robert H. Austin of Princeton University and colleagues { Science , 301 , 188 (2003)}. The researchers first created bacteria-sized chambers and mazes out of silicon. After placing Escherichia coli and the marine bacterium Vibrio harveyi into the mazes, they were surprised to find that the cells clustered in dead ends and confined spaces. The cells gathered, Stock and coworkers found, by releasing a come-hither scent of amino acids. E. coli secreted mainly the chemoattractant glycine, yet Stock expects that the amino acid lure varies with cell type and ...


The current study presents an innovative concept of antigen-specific cells micro-incubator, rapid purification of tumor cells (TCs) on shear horizontal surface acoustic wave (SH-SAW) sensors. With the specific antibodies conjugated onto the surface of the SH-SAW sensors can be used to specifically recognize the TCs in the clinical body fluids. The novel micro-incubator was developed for incubation process in the purification process when a relatively large amount of bio-sample was required. Large amount of clinical bio-samples (> 100 ml) can be flowed efficiently within a short period of time (less than 60 minutes). First, the mixture of colorectal adenocarcinoma HCT-8 and medium was simulated blood of patients. In addition, successful demonstration for detection of cells has been achieved by performing on-chip identification.


Modern high-tech warfare has made the soldiers in the battlefield more dangerous, more complex injuries, but also caused a great difficulty in immediate treatment. In order to use intelligent control technology to treat the wounded in the battlefield, this paper briefly summarizes the characteristics of modern war and the status quo and development focus of intelligent treatment of the wounded, and put forward a kind of Intelligent Rescue System (IRS), offer a new idea of intelligent treatment for the future war. IRS is a new wearable vital signs monitoring device. It consists of two parts, including a core Vest and an elbow-like elastic band. It realizes the real-time monitoring of the vital signs of the soldiers wearing the equipment through a variety of sensors, realizes the real-time grasp of the soldiers' situation in the rear of the battlefield and the remote rescue start through a wireless transceiver. The transceiver with a unique code can reduce the error rate of the information needed in the rear and make rescue more accurate and efficient.


The reference room in journal editorial departments of colleges and universities has lots of journals of many colleges and universities.The exploitation of these valuable resources and the improvement of the utilization ratio,not only plays an important part in promoting teaching,scientific research,personnel training in colleges and universities,but also is a channel of realizing the value of the journal.


In the 1990s, researchers proposed a methodology called genome-wide association to systematically correlate markers with traits. These studies sample large pools of cases and controls, measure their genotypes at on the order of one million markers, and try to correlate variation (SNPs, CNVs, indels) in their genotypes with their variation in phenotype, tracking disease through the population, instead of pedigrees.


A 1-parameter variation of Hodge structures corresponds to a holomorphic, horizontal, locally liftable map into a classifying space of Hodge structures. In this paper it is shown that such a map has a limit in the reductive Borel-Serre compactification of the classifying space. The boundary component in which the limit lies is a union over possible polarizations of classifying spaces of Hodge structures on the primitive parts. It is discussed which boundary components can contain such limit points.


Soil samples on Xiaojiang watershed water-level fluctuation zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area were collected for the study.By simulation incubation and chemical analysis,the basic physical-chemical properties of soils and the changing forms of heavy metals(Fe2+,Mn2+,available Cu and Zn)were examined in continuous anoxic conditions.The results showed that flooding increased the contents of the Fe2+,Mn2+,available Cu.The contents increased on average from 58.88,35.26,0.96 mg/kg to 1 383.8,782.7,1.73mg/kg,respectively.After 15days' flooding,the contents of available Zn in both Gaoyang and Yanglu increased at the rates of 12.18% and 10.15%,but the other forms decreased at the rates of 7.12%and 3.69%.After 30days' flooding,the contents of available Zn increased with the increment rate ranging from 10.9%to 46.6%.The changing form of heavy metals were influenced by the basic physical and chemical properties of soils.


Chronic twice daily systemic administration of nicotine (1 mg [2 μmol]/kg, sc) over 10 days to rats produced a significant increase in the apparent Bmax for cortical nicotinic receptors. Similar results were obtained whether the labeled ligand employed was [3H]methylcarbamylcholine ([3H]MCC) or [3H]cytisine: Rats were treated twice daily for 10 days with the cholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine (25 μg [64 nmol]/kg, sc) to indirectly activate nicotinic receptors. This regimen inhibited cortical cholinesterase activity by about 51%. Binding analysis of physostigmine‐treated rat cortical tissue indicated that while the Bmax for muscarinic receptors was significantly reduced, there was no change in the binding parameters for neuronal nicotinic receptors. In the next series of experiments, chronic twice daily intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of 30 μg [108 nmol] of MCC, like nicotine, also produced a significant increase in the Bmax for cortical nicotinic receptors. MCC treatment also produced a small but significant increase in the apparent Kd. Twice daily icv injection of 6 μg [23 nmol] of the competitive nicotinic antagonist dihydro‐β‐erythroidine hydrobromide (DHBE) for 10 days did not itself alter the apparent Bmax for cortical nicotinic receptors. In a separate group of rats 6 μg [23 nmol] icv of DHBE preceded by 15 min the icv injection of 30 μg [108 nmol] of MCC. This regimen was administered twice daily for 10 days. Under these conditions the DHBE produced a significant 44% inhibition of the MCC‐induced increase in Bmax. Antagonist pretreatment also blocked the small MCC‐induced increase in Kd. Thus, direct activation of the agonist binding site of the neuronal nicotinic receptor following chronic administration of nicotine or the acetycholine‐like MCC leads to receptor up‐regulation. Indirect activation through cholinesterase inhibition was not effective in this regard. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


This Article offers a critical assessment of the English Law Commission's revision of the law governing criminal attempt in England. An important opportunity for a much needed extensive reform was missed, and the experience should prove insightful to other legal systems – including that of the United States. The author delineates four oversights by the Law Commission in its treatment of attempt liability. Part I of the Article demonstrates that the Commission's effort to clarify the distinction between criminal conduct and (non-criminal) mere preparation is inadequate and can only be achieved by more radical reform. Part II shows that the Commission missed an opportunity to limit the application of the law of attempt to exclude discrete inchoate offenses. Part III takes up the subject of mens rea to show that the Law Commission tries to "eat its cake and have it too," by adhering to a linguistic concept of attempt as "trying," yet inevitably departing from it. Part IV demonstrates that the nature of inchoate liability as proposed by the Commission renders its failure to introduce a defense of abandonment into the laws of attempt an oversight.


Lattice distortion is considered to be one of the four core effects in a multicomponent high-entropy alloy. However, their effect is least understood from experiment and theoretical standpoints. The present investigation revealed a unique way to understand this effect by combining experiments with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A small amount of Al and Si were carefully added to the whole-solute matrix of Cantor alloys. The different-sized atomic species introduces a huge lattice distortion in the matrix, leading to a simultaneous improvement in yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and percent elongation. An extensive DFT simulation indicates that a lattice distortion is prominent in an Al-containing alloy, whereas Si does not induce a lattice distortion. However, Si leads to severe interlayer lattice distortion, caused by the displacement of Si, during twinning. This leads to the improvement of YS, UTS, and ductility. Lattice distortion and its variants play significant effects on the mechanical properties of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) in terms of local lattice distortion, providing an uneven energy landscape for the movement of line defects or interlayer distortion. The inherent nature of local lattice distortion in HEAs leads to the wavy or tortuous dislocation, unlike a straight dislocation in conventional alloys. The movement of the wavy type of dislocation through a distorted or defective lattice requires large stress, resulting in a pronounced effect on solid solution strengthening. This local lattice distortion also dictates the degree of the interlayer distance distortion in the vicinity of atoms, leading to an increase or decrease in stable stacking fault energy that decides the deformation mode via slip or twinning.


Context. The low-metallicity interstellar medium (ISM) is profoundly different from that of normal systems, being clumpy with low dust abundance and little CO-traced molecular gas. Yet many dwarf galaxies in the nearby universe are actively forming stars. As the complex ISM phases are spatially mixed with each other, detailed modeling is needed to understand the gas emission and subsequent composition and structure of the ISM. Aims. Our goal is to describe the multi-phase ISM of the infrared bright low-metallicity galaxy Haro 11, dissecting the photoionised and photodissociated gas components. Methods. We present observations of the mid-infrared and far-infrared fine-structure cooling lines obtained with the Spitzer/IRS and Herschel/PACS spectrometers. We use the spectral synthesis code Cloudy to methodically model the ionised and neutral gas from which these lines originate. Results. We find that the mid- and far-infrared lines account for ∼1% of the total infrared luminosity LTIR, acting as major coolants of the gas. Haro 11 is undergoing a phase of intense star formation, as traced by the brightest line, [O iii ]8 8μm, with L[O III]/LTIR ∼ 0.3%, and high ratios of [Ne iii]/[Ne ii ]a nd [Siv]/[S iii]. Due to their different origins, the observed lines require a multi-phase modeling comprising: a compact H ii region, dense fragmented photodissociation regions (PDRs), a diffuse extended low-ionisation/neutral gas which has a volume filling factor of at least 90%, and porous warm dust in proximity to the stellar source. For a more realistic picture of the ISM of Haro 11 we would need to model the clumpy source and gas structures. We combine these 4 model components to explain the emission of 17 spectral lines, investigate the global energy balance of the galaxy through its spectral energy distribution, and establish a phase mass inventory. While the ionic emission lines of Haro 11 essentially originate from the dense H ii region component, a diffuse low-ionisation gas is needed to explain the [Ne ii], [N ii], and [C ii] line intensities. The [O iii ]8 8μm line intensity is not fully reproduced by our model, hinting towards the possible presence of yet another low-density high-ionisation medium. The [O i] emission is consistent with a dense PDR of low covering factor, and we find no evidence for an X-ray dominated component. The PDR component accounts for only 10% of the [C ii] emission. Magnetic fields, known to be strong in star-forming regions, may dominate the pressure in the PDR. For example, for field strengths of the order of 100 μG, up to 50% of the [C ii] emission may come from the PDR.


The present invention is a teller paper money processing apparatus and system, the teller paper money processing apparatus comprising: a banknote out port unit, receiving banknotes deposited and discharging bills; bill discriminating unit identification, and identification of the authenticity of banknotes identifying the denomination of bills; bill classified storage unit, according to the classification stored corresponding bill denomination banknotes; banknote paper money transport unit port side, out of the paper money transfer withdrawal slot between the unit and the bill discriminating unit identification; cassette-side paper money transport unit to the paper money bill classified storage unit and the paper money discriminating between transfer unit identification; logic control unit, receives an external bill sent to the teller terminal processing instruction, and controls the bill processing instructions in accordance with the corresponding operation unit. Synchronization problems to solve teller terminal side of the bill dealing with transaction data processing.


The present invention provides a position nearest channel gather supplement method-based regularized data processing method and device. The method comprises the steps of partitioning the azimuth angles and grouping the offsets to obtain the offset groups of which the sequential offset increment is i; aiming at each to-be-regularized offset group offset , taking the channel gather of the offset as the input of a first branch, and taking the offset and the offset as the input of a second branch; aiming at the input of the second branch, extracting the head cmp corresponding to each offset, connecting with the input of the first branch, and obtaining the absolute value of the offsets of all data; summing the offset and the half of the offset increment i, and then subtracting the merged offset to obtain an absolute value and give to a channel head tr; sorting according to the channel heads cmp and tr, and giving a sorted channel head character SEQ_TRC_IN_GATHER to the channel head T1; merging the first channel of each channel corresponding to the channel head character T1 with all channels of the residual other offsets within a regularization offset range.


A novel mapping of embedding music to Rn space and a new kernel-based clustering method is presented.First,Analyzing melody contours from a huge music dataset,we translate music datasets to strings with an alphabet including only eight letters.Second,a string kernel is obtained by mapping music strings to high dimension Rn space using contiguous substrings embedding method.Several data points gotten using mountain method on the music kernels are used as initial points of kernel clustering methods,for example K-means method.Finally,Performances of three string kernels on five music datasets are evaluated by the kernel K-means algorithm.


To carry out the estimation and reliability research of post-earthquake traffic travel time, which has the great influence for efficient allocation of relief materials. By analyzing the relationship among floating vehicle trajectory, target path and road network path, the intermediate parameters of converting floating vehicle trajectory data into target path travel time were defined and improved. In addition, the road damage identification method relying on lane detection is applied for evaluating the damage of road after the earthquake through the image information. Then, Bayesian average adaptive kernel density estimation method was used to estimate the distribution of post-earthquake road travel time, and a new formula for calculating the reliability of road travel time after earthquake was proposed. According to the example simulation and analysis, the proposed post-earthquake road travel time distribution estimation and its reliability are verified. The results show that when the threshold value is determined, the travel time of the path before the earthquake is the most dependable, and with the increase in the earthquake damage index, the travel time of this road section becomes increasingly unreliable. However, after the earthquake, the peak probability density of road travel time distribution weakens, and the overall probability shifts to the direction of long time.


Every year, Tashilhungpo Monastery celebrates the Summer Grand Summons Ceremony (called Ximoqenbo in Tibetan) in the eighth month of the Tibetan calendar. All the monks and lay people of the Xigaze area get together to watch Chammo, which is a kind of sorcerer's dance. It is also a Tantric ritual


Cyanobacteria are promising organisms for the sustainable production of various biotechnological interesting products. Due to their energy production via photosynthesis, the cultivation of cyanobacteria expands the CO2 cycle. Most cyanobacteria form biofilms on surfaces in their natural environment by surrounding the cells with a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that hold the cells together. These special growth properties need special reactors for cultivation. By immobilizing cyanobacteria on carriers, systems currently established in industry could also be used for biofilm formers. Various artificial carriers for immobilized growth of cyanobacteria and microalgae have already been described in the literature. However, the use of waste materials or natural biodegradable carriers would be more sustainable and is, therefore, the focus of this study. Dried Luffa cylindrica, zeolite, and corn stalks were investigated for their use as carriers for cyanobacteria. L. cylindrica was shown to be an excellent natural carrier for (i) Anabaena cylindrica, (ii) Nostoc muscorum 1453-12a, and (iii) Nostoc muscorum 1453-12b. Higher or at least similar growth rates were achieved when cyanobacteria were cultivated with L. cylindrica compared to submerged cultivation. Additionally, the production of EPS and C-phycocyanin was increased at least 1.4 fold in all strains by culturing on L. cylindrica. The improved growth could be explained on the one hand by the high surface area of L. cylindrica and its properties, and, on the other hand, by the release of growth-promoting nutrients from L. cylindrica to the medium.


When a high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT) is driven by a terahertz (THz) field and magnetic field,plasma oscillation appears in the channel of the HEMT.We have investigated the effect of the THz field and magnetic field on the current characteristics of the HEMTs.The results show that the peaks of the responsivities of the HEMT exhibit blueshift as the magnetic field increases.We may tune the frequencies of the plasma oscillation by changing the magnetic field.


A challenge that Austroads member agencies and local governments face is ensuring that decisions regarding countermeasures are sound and will result in the most cost effective safety outcome. While there is a large pool of general knowledge captured in best practice references, a significant focus of this work is on higher cost solutions. In contrast, there is no stand-alone road environment engineering safety toolkit that succinctly outlines low cost, high return counter-measures that could be easily implemented to address safety deficiencies. Further, knowledge of recent successes is often not effectively shared. The "Road Safety Engineering Toolkit" will provide practitioners with easy access to information that will assist them identify deficiencies and implement high return and generally lower cost measures that will improve road safety. The paper summarises the work undertaken to date and provides details of the proto-type toolkit, including functionality, the user experience and sample information. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E213694.


Advanced Nurse Practitioner candidate in Urology, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland, Galway Correspondence Sinead Hahessy, Lecturer/Programme Director, School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland, Galway. Email: email@example.com Advanced nurse practitioner (ANP) roles are continuing to emerge and evolve worldwide, including in the Republic of Ireland. Progress has been influenced by a number of factors which include; affording opportunities for nurses to advance their careers while remaining in clinical practice; health care cost containment; improving access to care; continuity of patient care and due to limits on junior doctors working hours. Confusion related to the definition of the ANP role, a multitude of role titles, what the role entails and what differentiates it from other specialist roles has impeded its overall development. This has led to difficulties in measuring clinical impact, and leads to conflicting conceptualizations of the role. This article focuses on the application of two domains of advanced practice as identified by Hutchinson et al. and applies the components of those domains of practice to an emerging advanced practice role in urology. The purpose of the article is to provide a tentative professional development framework for the advanced practice urology nursing role involved in managing a caseload of patients diagnosed with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) focusing on autonomous practice and improving systems of care. These domains of practice are discussed in cognisance of the needs of the population, the demands on the health care organization, and within the defined framework of advanced nursing practice in Ireland.


The start process of multi-cylinder diesel engine has been experimental investigated in this paper. With a fixed injection duration, the start experiment is performed with different injection timing. Then, with a fixed injection timing, the experiment of the starting moment is performed with different injection duration. Based on the above experiment data and the calculation method, the matching strategy for the transmission system is put forward as well as corresponding injection strategy.


Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate whether baseline insulin resistance (IR) modify weight change associated to glycemic index (GI) of the diet. Method: This is a secondary analysis of a randomized GI intervention according to baseline HOMA-IR. Middle-aged (25–45 years), non-obese (BMI 23–29.9 kg/m2) women were randomized to low or high GI diets matched on total energy, macronutrient composition, and fiber content. Both groups received dietary counseling based on a small energy restriction (100–300 kcal/day). Women were classified in two groups according to their baseline HOMA-IR: IR (n = 64) and non-IR (n = 121). Results: At baseline, IR and non-IR groups had similar BMI (26.7 vs. 26.3 kg/m2; p = 0.21), but the IR group presented with higher waist circumference (82.7 vs. 80.8 cm; p = 0.02) and showed greater weight loss after 12 months of follow-up (–1.6 vs. –1.1 kg; p = 0.01), mainly among those in a high-GI diet (–2.1 vs. –1.0 kg; p = 0.005) compared to the non-IR group (–1.4 vs. –0.8 kg; p = 0.04). Conclusions: The high-GI group showed statistically significant higher reduction in body weight, mainly among those women with baseline IR . Low-GI diet did not facilitate weight loss neither in IR women nor in non-IR women.


discussion of the mode of action of ara-C does not include reference to its incorporation into RNA, a finding that may be of critical importance. Although IUdR and BUdR are indeed incorporated into cellular DNA, not only is it not true that FUdR is similarly incorporated, but also the references cited for this are incorrect (p. 86). Although Dr. Becker interprets Table X (p. 95) to show that a placebo in the treatment of herpes keratitis produces effects similar to those obtained with IUdR, the data clearly show IUdR to have a 72% success rate relative to a 24% success rate with placebo. An extensive Table of


Attaching and effacing Escherichia coli (AEEC) cause enteric infections in humans and animals. Attaching indicates the intimate attachment of bacteria to the enterocyte, and effacing relates to the localized effacement of brush border microvilli. Enteropathogenic (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) infections are characterized by the formation of attaching and effacing (AE) lesion on the intestinal epithelial cells. Therefore, they are often grouped together as AEEC. Development of multiplex PCR allowed us to type five of the most important genes implicated in the formation of the AE lesion. A total of 60 AEEC strains isolated from diarrheal patients were investigated by multiplex PCR for the presence of the insertion site of locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) and LEE-related (eae, tir, espA, espB, and espD) genes. Associating the results of LEE genes typing in the AEEC strains, three different pathotypes are determined: eae γ -tir γ -espA γ -espB γ -espD γ (O157:H7), eae β -tir β -espA β -espB β -espD β (O26:H11), and eae α -tir α -espA α -espB α -espD α (O55:H6). These results indicate that AEEC are a heterogenous groups of organisms.


Objective:To explore the cloning and expression of HPV16 E7 protein from laryngeal carcinoma. Methods: HPV16 E7 gene was amplified by PCR. The amplified fragment was inserted into the plasmid pET28a (+) digested with BamHⅠand Hind Ⅲ. The recombinant plasmid pET28/E7 was transformed into E.coli JM109 which was selected with ampicillin. HPV16 E7 recombinant protein expression in the E.coli BL21(DE3) was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Results: The prokaryotic recombinant plasmid pET28/E7 was successfully constructed. The BL21(DE3) transformed recombinant plasmid pET28/E7 had expressed HPV16 E7 recombinant protein effectively. Conclusion:The construction of the prokaryotic recombinant plasmid pET28/E7 and the successful expression of the recombinant protein HPV16 E7 pave way for the profound research of the biological properties and the transformational mechanism of the HPV16 E7 protein on the specific cells.


This paper introduced to supply chain knowledge management content,on the basis of this,discusses the knowledge management in the supply chain in the role and significance of supply chain knowledge management,points out the difficulties and problems,aiming at these difficulties and problems,put forward corresponding settlement countermeasure.


Automotive industry is become a fast development sector in nowadays. This is causing the rise of the car interior demand that running better physically even mechanically. Even it is a good news, car interior producer should be aware to the environment problem that caused by interior car which made from e-glass or s-glass. One of the way out is using natural fiber composite. The new potential fiber to substitute the synthetic fiber is cantula fiber. In this paper will discuss about value chain analysis of cantula fiber. Based on cantula fiber mapping, there are four actors. They are farmers, cantula fiber industries, cantula fiber derivative product industries, and consumers. Cantula utilization in Indonesia is still on the low classification. Hence, cantula usage to produce the car interior is become a new innovation and increase the value added in that value chain.


INTRODUCTION Gastric cancer is the fourth most common human malignancy worldwide, with upwards of 980,000 new cases per year, representing 9% of new cancer cases [1]. Its frequency is mirrored by a highly significant mortality rate, estimated at 750,000 annually, making it the second most frequent cause of cancer-related death (after lung cancer) worldwide [1]. This year, an estimated 21,520 adults in the U.S. will be diagnosed with gastric cancer and 10,340 deaths will occur from this disease [2]. These figures reflect the difficulty in detecting the disease at an early stage; most people with gastric cancer are diagnosed after the cancer has already spread to other parts of the body. Thus, the 5-year survival rate is poor, estimated in Europe at 20%– 30% [3, 4]. The percentage is similar in the U.S. (28%), although this improves to 60% if the disease is detected at an early stage, but improved 5-year survival rates depend on the stage of the cancer detected during initial surgery [5]. In Japan, where mass screening approaches have been successfully applied since the 1960s, the 5-year survival rate approaches 50%–70% [6]. THE CHALLENGE FOR ONCOLOGISTS: NEW THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES FOR ADVANCED GASTRIC CANCER Standard approaches to treat gastric cancer involve the use of surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy. For advanced gastric cancer, chemotherapy regimens consisting of cisplatin in combination with fluoropyrimidines and anthracyclines are the standard of care [7]. One of the clear needs of the gastric oncology community is to develop new approaches to treat locally advanced unresectable or metastatic gastric cancer. TeysunoTM/S-1 is an oral chemotherapeutic formulation consisting of tegafur, a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), as well as two modulators of 5-FU metabolism, gimeracil and oteracil. The principle of this drug formulation is to provide higher levels of active metabolites of 5-FU in tumors than in normal tissue, thus rendering 5-FU more effective at lower concentrations and with fewer associated side effects. Tegafur, an antimetabolite, is converted to 5-FU by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6 enzyme in the liver. Gimeracil (5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine) is a dihydropyrimidine


Far ultraviolet spectra contain numerous electronic transitions of CO and H2. In the course of analyzing FUSE data on O and B stars in the Cep OB2 and OB3 Associations, we detected absorption features from Rydberg bands of CO toward HD203374A. While the B − X (0−0), C − X (0−0), and E X (0−0) bands were seen in Copernicus and ORFEUS spectra before, a larger number of higher-energy (shorter-wavelength) bands was observed for the first time. Absorption in these higher-energy bands leads to CO photodissociation. Thus, it is important to measure their oscillator strengths, which are key ingredients in theoretical modeling of CO photochemistry in interstellar environments. A comparison of our astronomically derived oscillator strengths with laboratory measurements is presented. We also compare H2 results with optical observations of CH for all our FUSE targets. While it has been known that CH and H2 abundances track each other very well in diffuse molecular clouds, we show that local conditions, gas density and the strength of the ultraviolet radiation field, control the dispersion in the relationship between CH and H2. Results on the correspondence between CO and H2 for these sight lines are also given.


This paper discusses the history of hours of service regulations for U.S. motor carriers and investigates the changes to individual carrier profitability and productivity from the last major change to those regulations in 2003. The results of the analysis indicate that operating ratio worsened and sales per employee improved, and return on assets and return on equity were unchanged due to hours of service changes. The implications of these results given the recent changes to hours of service regulations in 2011 are also discussed.


Rainfall‐runoff models are used to project the impact of climate change on water resources. Often, models are parameterized over historical climate prior to simulating runoff under changed climates. An increasing body of literature indicates that this assumption of model parameter invariance to climate can introduce significant simulation biases as projected climate deviates from historical climate. One way to consider the effect of climate on model parameterization is to regionalize model parameters using historical data and use that information to project parameters' probable distribution under a changed climate. These approaches, termed trading space‐for‐time (TSFT), have shown promising results when simulating mean annual runoff, but their ability to reproduce time varying daily runoff response remains unexplored. Here, we design experiments to identify possible ways to account for the influence of climate on model parameters by building upon a recently developed Whittaker‐biome‐based TSFT framework. We perform 35 experiments, each representing different hypotheses regarding how model parameters may be altered with climate. We test these hypotheses for seven watersheds across the conterminous United States that undergo significant climate change between 1980–1990 and 1999–2009. Our results show that updated parameters for the best experiment increased median Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency for the two most climate‐impacted watersheds in our analyses from 0.37 to 0.35 to 0.64 and 0.49, respectively. Improvements in simulation performance for watersheds transitioning from the boreal forest and the woodland/shrubland biomes to the temperate seasonal forest biome were attributed to altered snow and routing parameters, respectively.


Tetraphenylphosphonium 5-nitrotetrazolate (2) was prepared by metathesis of sodium 5-nitrotetrazolate dihydrate (1; NaNT) with tetraphenylphosphonium chloride in acetone. The new compound was fully characterized by vibrational (IR, Raman) and NMR (1H, 13C, and 14N) spectroscopies, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry. Attempted synthesis of 2-methyl-5-nitrotetrazole (2-MeNT) by methylation of 1 with dimethylsulfate at reflux from acetonitrile failed, and crystals of an explosive compound with the formula (NaNT)2(H2O)2CH3CN (3), NT = 5-nitrotetrazolate, formed. X-ray diffraction techniques were used to determine the crystal structure of 2 and 3. Compound 2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with four molecules in the unit cell and unit cell parameters a = 7.7413(4) A, b = 13.624(1) A, c = 21.252(1) A, and V = 2241.5(2) A3, whereas 3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Ama2 with four formula unit in the unit cell and unit cell parameters a = 14.805(6) A, b = 9.908(4) A, c = 8.940(3) A, and V = 1311.4(1) A3. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:35–44, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20509


The Silk Road was a key channel for trade and cultural exchange between China and the West in ancient times, and one of the gems of the early exchange was glass products. The composition and properties of glass from the East and the West often differ greatly because of the different production processes, but the problem of glass identification has been an ancient challenge. For the analysis of the composition and origin of ancient glass products, this paper is a mathematical approach to model design, avoiding the duplication of labor into this area. This paper uses chi-square test and correspondence analysis to first determine which factors are significantly correlated with glass products, and then further determine the correlation with the factors. The use of box-line plots allows for a very visual analysis of the statistical patterns of the presence or absence of chemical composition content on the surface of artifact samples. For predicting the chemical composition content before weathering, the approximate chemical composition content was first estimated based on the average rate of change of each chemical composition before and after weathering, and then a multiple linear regression model was used to correct for the chemical composition content. It was finally concluded that the weathering of glass surface was significantly correlated with glass type, and high potassium glass was not easily differentiated, while lead-barium glass was easily weathered; the silica content changed most significantly before and after weathering of high potassium glass, with an average change rate of 25.98%, and the silica and lead oxide content changed most significantly before and after weathering of lead-barium glass, with average change rates of 29.75% and 23.77%, respectively.


LiNbO3 thin films with well-developed grains were fabricated by spin-coating on SiO2(111) substrates. Annealing in static air and oxygen atmosphere was performed at 400° C 500° C 600° C for 3 h. The films obtained were characterized by thin film XRD, scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis. Electrical characterizations of the films pointed to ferroelectricity via hysteresis loop. The influence of oxygen atmosphere on crystallization, morphology and properties of LiNbO3 thin films is discussed.


The results of studies of materials under extreme thermal and plasma-beam loads, carried out to justify existing technological solutions in the design of thermonuclear reactors, are presented. The study of materials under plasma and beam loads and the intensifying heat transfer of in-vessel cooled components of fusion devices is reported. Tests of limiter and divertor mock-ups irradiated with high heat fluxes in electron beam and plasma facilities are described. Methods for cooling in-vessel components using advanced approaches with dispersed gas-liquid flow for heat removal, including at loads of up to 15 MW/m2 have been developed and tested.


The S-matrix invariant is known to be complete for translation invariant topological stabilizer models in two spatial dimensions, as such models are phase equivalent to some number of copies of toric code. In three dimensions, much less is understood about translation invariant topological stabilizer models due to the existence of fracton topological order. Here we introduce bulk commutation quantities inspired by the 2D S-matrix invariant that can be employed to coarsely sort 3D topological stabilizer models into qualitatively distinct types of phases: topological quantum field theories, foliated or fractal type-I models with rigid string operators, or type-II models with no string operators.


Using centerline velocity and concentration decay, predictions of previously published free and confined jet models were compared with 171 experiments from 29 independent investigations. Agreement in the absence of a secondary flow was good, but observed core lengths were much smaller than predicted when a secondary flow was present, the average error being in excess of 250%. New correlations of the difference in predicted and measured velocity and concentration core lengths vs secondary to primary velocity were developed, which reduced the average error by nearly an order of magnitude. These correlations were independent of the density variations between primary and secondary streams.


The single-particle spectral properties of the two-dimensional t-J model in the parameter regime relevant to cuprate high-temperature superconductors are investigated using cluster perturbation theory. Various anomalous features observed in cuprate high-temperature superconductors are collectively explained in terms of the dominant modes near the Mott transition in this model. Although the behavior of the dominant modes in the low-energy regime is similar to that in the two-dimensional Hubbard model, significant differences appear near the Mott transition for the high-energy electron removal excitations which can be considered to primarily originate from holon modes in one dimension. The overall spectral features are confirmed to remain almost unchanged as the cluster size is increased from 4x4 to 6x6 sites by using a combined method of the non-abelian dynamical density-matrix renormalization group method and cluster perturbation theory.


As Web services are becoming omnipresent on the Web, quality of Web services (QoWS) support and management is becoming a hot research topic. Several frameworks for Web service selection have been proposed to support clients in selecting suitable Web services. They are very often based on a middle-tier component to make the selection decision. These solutions suffer very often from scalability problems. To deal with this issue, we propose in this paper a new architecture for Web service selection based on a federation of cooperative brokers. Each broker of the federation manages the Web services within its domain and cooperates with its peers by exchanging information about Web services, such as reputation and QoS, to better serve client requests. We have developed a prototype of the architecture and we have conducted experiments using three broker selection policies mainly ldquorandomrdquo, ldquoround-robinrdquo, and ldquocooperative brokersrdquo to evaluate the degree of fulfillment of clientspsila requests. Preliminary results show that the best results are obtained by using the cooperative brokerspsila policy.


An adjustable bent housing for controlled directional drilling of well holes. The bend angle of the housing can be conveniently adjusted upon release of the locking nut which is threadably mounted to the motor casing. The locking nut engages an adjusting ring having splines to lockingly engage both the motor casing and the adjustment sub. The adjustment sub and motor casing are lockingly engaged against axial displacement by threads and a plurality of locking balls. An end portion of the outer surface of the motor casing and an end portion of the inner surface of the sub have an angle offset from the central axis to allow angle adjustment. The adjusting ring and locking nut are mounted to the coaxial portions of the components to simplify machining and ensure a clean locking engagement. Adjustment of the bend angle is accomplished by loosening the locking nut to disengage the adjusting ring and allow rotation of the motor casing relative to the universal housing sub.


Background: Urothelial carcinoma relapse occurs in the majority of high staged tumors with no improvement in the survival of patients receiving therapy. Mechanisms of urothelial carcinoma should be widely searched to determine the molecular factors and signals responsible for cancer progression, relapse and treatment resistance. Aim: the aim of this work is to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of FOXO1A and p63 in urothelial carcinoma and investigate their correlation with the prognosis. Methods: Seventy formalin fixed-paraffin blocks of patients of urothelial carcinoma were analyzed for FOXO1A and p63 expressions by immunohistochemistry. Results: FOXO1A was mainly located in the cytoplasm and nucleus of urothelial carcinoma, whereas p63 was detected in the nucleus. There was a highly positive significant correlation between FOXO1A expression and p63 expression in urothelial carcinoma (r 0.32). However, no significant correlation was found between the patients' age or sex and the expression of FOXO1A or p63. There was a significant increase in the expression of FOXO1A and p63 among low grade carcinomas compared to high grade tumors (p0.02, 0.01, respectively). There was a highly significant increase in the expression of FOXO1A and p63 among tumor stage pTa of the studied cases of urothelial carcinoma compared with higher tumor stages (p<0.001 for both). Conclusions: FOXO1A and p63 are useful prognostic markers for urothelial carcinoma. Overexpression of FOXO1A and p63 in urothelial carcinoma predict better prognosis. Keywords


This paper is not intended to prove pre-Illinoian glaciation in southeastern Ohio, but to present certain data that bear on the problem. These data, if taken with other known and published information, may eventually prove a greater extent of glaciation than heretofore recognized. Major purposes of the paper are to stimulate others to look for additional evidence and to encourage discussion. Many isolated glacial erratics in northern and eastern Kentucky, beyond the Illinoian ice border, are generally recognized as evidence of pre-Illinoian glaciation. Two of the boulders are large. One at 720 feet elevation is estimated to weigh 3 tons, and the other at 925 feet elevation is estimated to have weighed 16 tons before it was blasted into fragments (1). The smaller pebbles and cobbles weighed from a few ounces up to 3 pounds (2). They probably mark the southern extension of a pre-Illinoian ice lobe, which occupied southern Ohio and northern Kentucky, the tentative boundary of which has been drawn by Jillson (2). In southeastern Ohio erratic boulders have been described by Patton and Hicks (3). Many large cobbles several inches in diameter have been found southwest of Cambridge, Ohio, by C. H. Moses of Muskingum College at New Concord, and he continues to discover additional cobbles each year in the same area. The writer has observed and collected rounded and subangular cobbles and pebbles of local rock and a few foreign cobbles of rotted rock at elevations from about 1000 to 1040 feet elevation. These occur in many localities within the Muskingum Valley, as: 5 miles northwest of New Philadelphia, near Winfield, 6 miles south of New Philadelphia, 10 miles east of New Philadelphia, and 10 miles north of Cambridge. The shape and composition of the rocks indicate that they have been transported, but examination of the sites excludes transportation by man. All erratics are at elevations too high to allow ice rafting as an explanation of their positions. No pre-Illinoian glacial till has been found in Ohio. It is to be expected that erosion during the long interval of time since the retreat of the first ice sheet would remove the early till. It is quite probable that such has been accomplished, leaving scattered erratics as remnants of the till. Old till, deeply leached, with a thickness of 35 feet is found in northern Kentucky south of Cincinnati. High-level cobbles have been found at 990 and 1020 feet elevation near Chester, W. Va., by Frank Leverett (4) and Paul Kuegle. Leverett also found gravel at an elevation of 1020 feet east of Freedom, Pa. The writer visited both locations in company with Paul Kuegle and John Chase, and found additional samples. The granite pebbles are deeply decayed. The granite cobble, about 8 inches in diameter found near Chester by Leverett and Kuegle, has a deep rind of weathering extending over an inch inward from the outside surface. The elevation, location, and deep weathering of the cobbles indicate deposition during a pre-Illinoian glaciation. Leverett (4) has described outwash deposits along the Allegheny and upper Ohio Rivers as far south as Bellaire, Ohio, as due to a pre-Illinoian ice sheet. Drainage was across the col at New Martinsville, W. Va., but the former drainage was resumed after the ice sheet retreated. The cutting through of the major preglacial divide at Killbuck and Port Washington, and the reversal of northward drainage are results of pre-Illinoian glaciation, and prove that this early ice sheet entered northeastern Ohio. It may very probably have extended far into southeastern Ohio as well.


This paper proposes a novel phase control technique of microwave signals using a Fractional-N PLL (F-PLL) synthesizer. In the proposed F-PLL synthesizers, a cyclic shift of the control data of the frequency divider (FD) is controllable by the Load Enable (LE) signals. LE is a standard signal implemented with a commercial PLL IC. Therefore, a phase control is possible without using the PLL IC having a dedicated control circuit. Thus, the proposed technique is effective for cost reduction of active phased array antenna (APAA) equipment. The proposed technique was confirmed by measurement with C-Band F-PLL synthesizers. The measured phase difference error from a designed value is ±2° or less.


Since the 1980s,communicative approach,which is welcomed by our foreign language teaching profession,has gradually replaced translation method.But it turned out that the communicative approach bore little fruits as a result of non-English-major learners' uneven English competence.So the change took place from the communicative approach back to grammar-translation method.It should be noted that the re-employed translation method is not only based on the traditional translation method,also integrates the positive elements of communicative approach,therefore it can effectively enhance learners' language learning competence.


The importance of MICP is widely recognized as a means to characterize the porous network of reservoir formations and to understand how it controls the fluids flow and its use for a quantitative evaluation of the sealing capacity of a rock. This poster proposes a flowchart for the integration of MICP data into multi-well projects at field or basin scale in order to characterize rock facies in terms of porous network and to model their sealing efficiency in terms of the maximum hydrocarbon column height needed to overcome the Capillary pressure forces. The modeling takes into account the type of Hydrocarbons and the pressure and temperature conditions prevailing during migration. The Purcell method is the core of the process, by which the pore throat size distribution (PSD) of a rock sample is derived from the MICP measurements; it is devoid of any user bias and does not requires any assumption about the distribution; its results can be confidently benchmarked against permeability measurements. The integration of PSD together with regularly sampled logs allows its prediction over the complete logged interval of any well, even the uncored ones. The predicted PSD is the foundation for modeling the sealing capacity of the varied rock facies; it is also an invaluable input for advanced facies characterization. A field example illustrates the flowchart of the process of MICP, how the resulting PSD is integrated with the logs, upscaled at log resolution and how the sealing efficiency is modelled. In order to evaluate the sealing potential of the rocks, it is critical to determine the pressure required to form a connecting filament of nonwetting fluid through the largest connected pore apertures of the rock. The objective of the method proposed here is to derive, from MICP drainage curves, the pore aperture at which porous network is fully connected and to predict it, at basin scale, over the entire logged (cored and uncored) intervals of a possibly very large number of wells. Sealing efficiency is the height of the Hc. column needed to overcome this pressure. The proposed methods are: 1. Loading and presenting MICP curves in the format of well logs. Performing QC and conformance correction. 2. Extracting the Pore Throat Size Distribution and the contribution to permeability of each class of pore size, by PURCELL method, 3. Extracting the critical pore aperture (and all other characteristics of Porous Network known to be derivable from MICP) 4. Integrating PSD with core measurements and log data and predicting the PSD over uncored intervals, by means of k-NN algorithm. 5. Upscaling, from plug scale to Log scale and Bed scale, the results of prediction 6. Simulating Fluid properties (interfacial tension and density) as a function of subsurface Pressure and temperature conditions. 7. Computing the height of the hydrocarbon column which may be trapped by a given rock facies. Selected References Katz, A.J., and A.H. Thompson, 1986, Quantitative prediction of permeability in porous rock: Physical Review B, v. 34/11-1, 8179(R). Katz, A.J., and A.H. Thompson, 1987, Prediction of rock electrical conductivity from mercury injection measurements: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 92/B1, p. 599-607. Nokken, M, and R. Hooton, 2008, Using pore parameters to estimate permeability or conductivity of concrete: Materials and Structures, v. 41/1, p. 1-16. Pittman, E.D., 1992, Relationship of porosity and permeability to various parameters derived from mercury injection-capillary pressure curves for sandstone: AAPG Bulletin, v. 76/2, p. 191-198. Purcell, W.R., 1949, Capillary pressures Their Measurement using mercury and the calculation of permeability. Transactions, AIME, v. 186, p. 39-48. Schowalter, T.T., 1979, Mechanics of secondary hydrocarbon migration and entrapment: AAPG Bulletin, v. 63, 723-760. Smith, D.A., 1966, Theoretical considerations of sealing and non-sealing faults: AAPG Bulletin, v. 50, p. 363-374. Swanson, B.F., 1981, A simple correlation between permeability and mercury capillary pressures: Journal of Petroleum Technology, v. 33., p. 2488-2504. Walls, J.D., and J.O. Amaefule, 1985, Capillary pressure and permeability relationships in tight Gas Sands: SPE 13879 (presented at 985 Low Permeability Gas Reservoir, Denver, CO, May 19-22). Winland, H.D., 1972, Oil accumulation in response to pore size changes, Weyburn field, Saskatchewan: Amoco Production Company Report F72-G-25, 20p. (unpublished). Winland, H.D., 1976, Evaluation of gas slippage and pore aperture size in carbonate and sandstone reservoirs: Amoco Production Company Report F76G-5, 25p. (unpublished).


In this paper, we report on a novel method for measurements of atmospheric temperature profiles during daytime from 2 km up to 15.3 km with a vertical resolution between 0.3 km to 2.2 km by lidar (light detection and ranging) using Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering. The spectra of Rayleigh-Brillouin scattered light are measured by scanning a laser (λ = 355 nm) over a 12 GHz range and using a single Fabry-Perot interferometer as frequency discriminator. Temperature is derived by analyzing the measured Rayleigh-Brillouin spectra with an analytical line shape model and assuming standard-atmospherical pressure conditions. Two exemplary temperature profiles resulting from measurements over 14 min and 27 min are shown. A comparison to radiosonde temperature measurements show reasonable agreement. The temperature difference reaches up to 5 K within the boundary layer and is smaller than 2.5 K above. The statistical error is calculated with a maximum likelihood estimator and varies between 0.15 K and 1.5 K.


The essence of teaching is the kernel problem of teaching theory.Exploring this is so much meaningful in theory and practice.Educators,home and abroad,have been researching and discussing it for a long period,put forward many worthy ideas,and expose kinds of limitations,either one-sided or simple.The author tries to completely analyze the essence of teaching and comes to the conclusion that teaching is done under certain opinion,the aim of it is to realize the individual socialization,cultural realization and individualization,the value orientation is to search reality,kindness and beauty,and it is a process of the informational communication,processing,organizing and meaning construction according to the activities of the carefully organized dialogue between teacher and student asked by the new subject standard.


ABSTRACT The arrival of Europeans, and later Americans, to California in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries led to complex social and economic turmoil for Native Americans. Throughout this period, Native Americans found myriad ways of resisting colonial influence and maintaining traditional ways. In this article, we explore how two places considered "remote" by colonial powers (San Clemente Island and the Coso Range in the Mojave Desert) served as ideal locations for those seeking to remove themselves from the colonial system. Although local cultural and economic circumstances were different, both locations were less desirable to Euroamerican settlers until relatively late in time. Using the ideal free distribution model as a theoretical framework, this article argues that the remoteness of these areas allowed Native cultures to continue in traditional ways until the 1850s on the Channel Islands and the 1870s in the Coso Range.


In situ synchrotron radiation diffraction and confocal light microscopy is used to study fragmentation and buckling of thin brittle Ta layers with thicknesses of 50 nm, 100 nm and 200 nm on polyimide substrates. Synchrotron‐based stress measurements confirm that cracking leads to relaxation of tensile stress. Simultaneously, compressive stress arises in transverse direction, which finally leads to buckling. This behavior can be explained quantitatively by a two‐dimensional shear lag model. It is well established that the properties of the coating‐substrate interface determine the processes of coating fragmentation and delamination. A possible approach for influencing and controlling these processes is given by the incorporation of a ductile interlayer. It can be observed that the presence of Cu interlayers with thicknesses of 5 nm, 20 nm and 50 nm reduces the fracture strength of brittle Ta coatings on polyimide substrates, whereas the resistance to buckling is increased significantly.


Optical nanoantennas convert near field to directional far-field radiation. Digital holography allows the characterization of the 3D directivity of scattering antennas, but also reveals heating induced by near field plasmonic confinement


The content of IgE was measured over time in 14 children with periarteritis nodosa. No significant relation was established between allergic reactions in the anamnesis and IgE elevation in periarteritis nodosa. A relationship was discovered between the rise of IgE content and disease activity, the intensity of the clinical manifestations, vascular ones in particular. During a remission of periarteritis nodosa, the content of IgE remained within normal in all the children.


66 patients with Sneddons syndrome and 29 patients with primary antiphospholipide syndrome has been examinated. Clinical picture of Sneddons syndrome was characterized by combination of cerebrovascular disturbances (ischemic disturbance of cerebral circulation, primary disturbance of cerebral circulation) with skin change in the form of livedo. In some patients there were thromboses of peripheric veins, ischemic heart disease, spontaneous abortions or intrauterine fetus death in women, thrombocytopenia. In 64% of patients with Sneddons syndrome there were revealed antibodies to phospholipids cardiolipin and/or lupus anticoagulant, and this indicates that these cases belong to primary antiphospholipide syndrome. Clinical manifestations in 29 patients with primary antiphospholipide syndrome were similar to those in Sneddons syndrome except for the absence of livedo.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical features and related factors of nosocomial infections during immunosuppressive therapy for children with severe aplastic anemia(SAA).METHODS Seventy-six cases with SAA were treated with immunosuppressive therapy in our Department of Pediatry from Jan 2000 to Aug 2007.Studies about the clinical features and related factors including the infection time,infection sites and the drug treatment have been done on the 76 cases mentioned above during two months since they started immunosuppressive therapy.Changes of peripheral blood were also analyzed after they received antithymocyte globulin(ATG)and got infections.RESULTS The most common infection site was upper respiratory tract,then the oral mucus,lungs,gastrointestinal tract,and the perianal region.Their incidence was respectively 67.3%,16.3%,10.2%,4.1% and 2.1%.There were significant differences in different infection sites(P0.05).The peripheral leukocyte count,lymphocyte ratio and platelet all decreased after SAA children received ATG and got infections and had significant differences compared with before treatment(P0.05).The above indices and neutrophil were decreased after infection,but without significant differences in comparison with before infection(P0.05).CONCLUSIONS Children with aplastic anemia get nosocomial infection easily during immunosuppressive therapy,but we can control these infections effectively if we use the broad-spectrum antibiotics combined with G-CSF.


I n contrast to the long bones, the spine consists of complex anatomic shapes. On plain radiographs, all three-dimensional shapes are projected, so that unrelated features will be superimposed and create images that may be confusing to interpret. The well-known ''teardrop'' on an anteroposterior projection of the pelvis is, in fact, a projection of the superior margin of the obturator foramen and the inner and outer tables of the pelvis. An example from the spine is the well-known, ''Scottie dog'' sign in which the ''neck'' is ''broken'' in the case of a defect of the pars interarticularis; the dog, however, is not an anatomic reality, but rather reflects


Wireless sensor networks have wide range of advantages which made it to use in various range of applications. The major constraint in such application lies in the limitation of energy resource. The sensors are often equipped with tiny and irreplaceable batteries. Due to the battery resource constraint, it is important to operate nodes in an efficient way. It arise the need of energy efficient routing algorithms to prolong the network lifetime. This paper reviews the various energy efficient techniques for Wireless


Abstract This paper shows that when a road is being used by two groups of users at different time periods, the standard self-financing result no longer holds under a uniform tolling regime. The cost of an optimal road may be lower or higher than the revenue from the efficient uniform toll. However, the self-financing (with or without surplus) seems to be the exception rather than the rule, and the deviation from self-financing may be quantitatively significant. As a consequence, when pricing is not discriminating between groups of homogeneous users, road users should not usually pay the full cost of road provision.


The significant effect of drift on the radial and latitudinal dependence of cosmic rays for consecutive solar minimum periods is illustrated. Compared with the integral radial gradient observed in 1976, the calculated value seems too small. A detailed comparison will however have to await the forthcoming solar minimum. The same applies to the latitudinal gradient which is as yet inconclusive about drift effects. Searching the literature for observations related to the IMF polarity reversal, distinct differences were found in neutron monitor response functions for consecutive solar minimum periods, and also in the annual variations of cosmic rays observed before and after polarity reversals. Whether drift is the predominant effect is however not yet clear. Better correlation was found between variations in the cosmic ray intensity and solar activity parameters over a much wider range of heliolatitude during 1970-80 compared to before this period.


The amyloid‐β protein precursor, a type 1 transmembrane protein, gives rise to the amyloid β‐protein, a neurotoxic peptide postulated to be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Here, we show that soluble amyloid β protein accelerates amyloid precursor protein complex formation, a process that contributes to neuronal cell death. The mechanism of cell death involves the recruitment of caspase‐8 to the complex, followed by intracytoplasmic caspase cleavage of amyloid precursor protein. In vivo, the levels of soluble amyloid β protein correlated with caspase‐cleaved fragments of the amyloid precursor protein in brains of Alzheimer's disease subjects. These findings suggest that soluble amyloid β protein–induced multimerization of the amyloid precursor protein may be another mechanism by which amyloid β protein contributes to synapse loss and neuronal cell death seen in Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 2003;54:781–789


The hybridization of DNA with reversible cellular automata techniques is an open area of research. This paper has focused on reversible cellular automata technique and DNA cryptographic operations which are used for compressing and encrypting together for an image. Usually, the image encryption techniques have more focused towards the providing security while there is a still room for an improvement in computational speed. An efficient approach for achieving higher information security at fast speed can be termed as "image encryption using hybridized DNA cryptography and reversible cellular automata". The algorithm mechanism is such that the original image is measured by measurement matrices in two directions to achieve compression and encryption simultaneously. Then DNA sequence operations are performed on the resultant image for further security. These DNA sequence operations include DNA addition and subtraction using DNA coding rules. The sequences worked under the control of 2D logistic map. Hence, the proposed technique is capable of providing security quickly as compared to existing technique.


Abstract : Recently there has been considerable interest in the chemistry of tetraalkyl orthosilicates, particularly with respect to the deposition of SiO2 insulating films using tetraethyl orthosilicate and other larger members of the homolog. Most of these studies were carried out on solid surfaces and often involved the interaction of various silicate molecules with hydroxyl groups on the surface. To date, very little information is available on the thermochemistry and the stabilities of the whole class of Si(OR)4 molecules, where R equals alkyl. For example, what is the strength of the RO-Si(OR)3 or the R-OSi(OR)3 bond? To our knowledge, no such information is available in the literature today. In order to understand the basic thermochemistry of the Si(OR) 4 molecules, we have recently investigated the kinetics of thermal decomposition of tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in the gas phase by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry.


The initial acceleration of a rigid rod rotating around one end, and the time required for the rod to fall onto a horizontal table, is compared with the acceleration and falling time of a free particle originally placed on the rod. The conditions under which the rod falls faster than the particle are established. Three cases are identified. The third case, in which the particle catches up with the rod, has not, to the author's knowledge, been published previously.


: Objective To observe the changes of nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and wet to dry weight ratio (W/D) in the canine pulmonary tissues perfused with improved Euro-Collins solution (iECS), providing a molecular insight into the preservation of the donor lung. Methods Six dogs were anesthetized to perform pulmonary perfusion with iECS at 4 ℃ and the isolated lungs were stored at 4 to 8 ℃ for 0, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240 min respectively, and the tissue samples of donor lung were subsequently taken for the measurement of NO, SOD, MDA contents and W/D at the appointed time points. Results The comparison of control and experimental groups did not reveal any significant differences in NO, SOD, MDA contents and W/D(P0.05), but it was noted that NO and SOD contents tended to drop while MDA level and W/D rose as the duration of preservation was lengthened. Conclusion Mannitol can not only increase osmotic pressure but also help clearout oxygen-free radicals the production of which may also be inhibited by PGE1 injection prior to the perfusion and increased glucose content in EC.


Starting from racemic γ,δ-unsaturated esters (la-d) twelve bicyclic γ-lactones with the cyclohexane system substituted with various number of methyl groups were synthesized. The esters mentioned were subjected to the alkaline hydrolysis and then to iodolactonization to furnish the corresponding iodolactones (3a-d). The reduction of these compounds with tributyltin hydride gave the saturated lactones (4a-d) whereas the dehydrohalogenation with DBU yielded their unsaturated analogues (5a-d). The structures of all lactones obtained were established by their spectral ( 1 H NMR, IR) data. For two of them the crystal structures were determined.


John Stuart Mill and Sir Charles Wood are the British thinkers to whom I wish to pay special tribute in this paper. I must begin, however, by recalling that in London 30 years ago, I was accused of propounding a 'natural law of white minorities' and of being unduly deterministic in my prediction that the then still proposed Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, to be entrusted mainly to a white minority, could not succeed. It availed little to reply that my hypothesis of 'Imperial inertia', as I called it, and my forecast for the Federation, were made in the hope that the Federal constitution and its mode of implementation might be modified before it was imposed in 1953 by the government of the United Kingdom. I also urged that the key concepts 'partnership' and 'trusteeship' should be closely defined—it will be remembered that the Federation was formally dedicated to interracial partnership—and that careful regard should be given to what I termed 'external partnership', 'internal partnership', 'external trusteeship' and 'internal trusteeship', and to the important, dynamic relations between these concepts and policies, relationships which were scarcely recognized.


A quadrature sampling technique is proposed for fiber Bragg grating sensor demodulation. By using zero-crossing triggers of a double-pass Mach-Zehnder interferometer, a phase variation which is linear against Bragg wavelength variation could be extracted.


Objective To observe the improvement of eyesight,retinal disease and Chinese-medicine symptom in patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) after taking the prescription of Zhixuesanyu Mingmu Tang,and to evaluate its effect on NPDR.Methods Fifty-six NPDR patients with Qi and Yin Deficiency and vein stasis by Chinese medicine (106 eyes) were divided into groups moderate NPDR (n=15 cases,29 eyes;n=12 cases,24 eyes in its control group) and severe (n=13cases,23 eyes;n=16 cases,30 eyes in its control group)based on the degree of retinopathy.Besides basic treatments,treatment group were given Zhixuesanyu Mingmu Tang,1 dose/d,in 2 times,averaging 12 weeks.Eyesight,dilated fundus photography,fluorescence fundus angiography and Chinese medicine syndrome indicators were observed and compared between groups before and after treatment.Results In moderate NPDR group,there was significant difference in eyesight,synthesis efficacy and TCM symptoms between 2 groups after 12 weeks of treatment (P0.05),and in severe NPDR group,so was there (P0.05).Conclusion Zhixuesanyu Mingmu Tang in moderate and severe NPDR patients with Qi and Yin deficiency and vein stasis can improve eyesight,TCM symptom and retinal lesions.


AbstractThis paper describes an experimental investigation on the resistance and failure mode of four precast concrete frames. Each frame comprised a middle beam-column joint, a double-span beam, and two side columns. Two parameters, namely, reinforcement detailing in the beam-column joint and dimensions of the side columns, were investigated in the experimental program. Frame specimens were loaded on the middle joint by a vertical servohydraulic actuator, and corresponding horizontal reaction forces were recorded through load cells connected to the side columns. Experimental results and observations indicate that precast concrete frames were capable of developing compressive arch action (CAA) at the initial loading stage. However, frames with smaller side columns exhibited shear failure in the side joint. This hindered the development of catenary action in the bridging beam. By increasing the dimensions of the side columns, significant catenary action developed in the frames, and eventually flexural fail...


Objective
To investigate the relationship between gastric mucosal atrophy with intestinal metaplasia and chronic gastritis, and to evaluate the therapeutic effect of combined drug therapy on chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia.

Methods
One hundred and fourteen patients who were diagnosed with chronic gastritis with atrophy and intestinal metaplasia by endoscopic pathological biopsy at our hospital from February 2014 to September 2015 were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (treated with Weifuchun tablets alone; n=56) and a combination treatment group (treated with Weifuchun tablets combined with compound allantoin and multi-vitamin B tablets; n=58). Six months after treatment, gastroscopic biopsy was performed to assess the degree of mucosal inflammation, atrophy, and intestinal metaplasia. SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistical analysis.

Results
After treatment, gastroscopic biopsy revealed that atrophy was reversed in ten (17.24%) cases in the combination treatment group and three (5.36%) cases in the control group, and the cure rate of atrophy was significantly higher in the combination treatment group than in the control group (χ2=3.983, P=0.046); and that intestinal metaplasia was reversed in 20 (34.48%) cases in the combination treatment group and eight (14.29%) cases in the control group, and the cure rate of intestinal metaplasia was significantly higher in the combination treatment group than in the control group (χ2=6.272, P=0.012). After treatment, the degree of atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in the combination treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group (χ2=14.856, P=0.002; χ2=11.469, P=0.009). The degree of atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in the combination treatment group was significantly reduced after treatment compared with before treatment (χ2=41.970, P=0.000; χ2=32.253, P=0.000). The degree of intestinal metaplasia in the control group was significantly reduced after treatment compared with before treatment (χ2=8.949, P=0.03), but atrophy showed no significant improvement (χ2=4.308, P=0.230).

Conclusion
Appropriate drug therapy is useful to treat atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in chronic gastritis. Combined Weifuchun tablets, multi-vitamin B tablets, and compound allantoin have significantly better therapeutic effect than Weifuchun tablets alone, especially in some cases.

Key words:
Chronic gastritis; Atrophy; Intestinal metaplasia; Compound allantoin; Combined therapy


A new approach is presented for relaxation-based topology optimization which does not require the homogenization assumption. In this approach the material distribution remains continuous throughout the design region and is represented using B-spline finite elements. No artificial restrictions are applied, and regions of intermediate density are penalized using the SIMP method. The generation of high-definition models are made possible by the refinement of the interface between solid and void with adaptive meshing techniques. This new technique is utilized in the generation of structures which satisfy prescribed stiffness requirements while minimizing mass. This is particularly important in aerospace applications where mass is the most prevalent figure of merit when analyzing deployment cost. Examples illustrate the difference in structures when: stiffness requirements are modified, multiple materials are considered and compliant mechanisms are desired.


The traditional theory of educational economics believes that teachers′education level is valuable:more educa- tion generally means higher pay,which would result in better incentive for teaching.However,this is not true in developing countries.How the teachers play their role in teaching is a critical issue for addressing the relationship between the teachers' performance and the teaching quality.It is then important to analysis teaching incentive from the perspective of teachers′ca- reer development.The data from the Chinese countryside show that the teachers′pay in the countryside is largely dependent on their teaching years and rank, not related significantly to their teaching quality.The present paper proposes that better career development could improve the teaching quality through teachers′incentive and teaching effort.


There is growing clamor in developed countries for CBTA(carbon motivated border tax adjustments) on imports from countries that are not subject to climate policy to address carbon leakage and competitiveness issue. The paper uses a general equilibrium model to simulate potential impacts of CBTA on different developing countries from a perspective of competitiveness.The simulation results show that CBTA affects competitiveness of different producers,their market shares and outputs,and the impacts are not neutral.CBTA results in a shift of industrial output towards non-industrial output and a relocation of production across countries,which results in carbon leakage among countries.It is likely for developing countries to cooperate on global carbon emission reductions.


We discuss the consequences of liberalization on capital market performance. Greater autonomy is expected to bring efficiency, profit and augmented welfare. In some cases, this higher autonomy has also been connected to episodes of fraud. We discuss the role a regulatory activity can play into such a scenario. In order to do it, we focus on factors such as volatility and performance of capital markets, and we analyze the hypothesis that the capital markets' functioning is conditioned by the regulatory activity. We analyze firms' strategies by studying the specific case of Enron. This analysis allowed us to relate firms' behaviour, motivation and strategies with the necessity of a regulatory process on capital markets, in order to achieve an environment of confidence where the market can fulfil its objectives. Our results point out for the existence of a positive relationship between our proxy of the regulatory activity and the level of stock market index. Our results also pointed out for the existence of a negative relationship between the conditional volatility modelled by GARCH models and the growth rate of that regulatory index. The use of autoregressive process had the objective to include in the model the expectations formed in the capital market in previous periods.


The extinction properties of the Be shell star HD 200775 caused by dust in the bright reflection nebula NGC 7023 are discussed on the basis of direct observations of HD 200775. Reddening curves obtained between 5500 and 6800 A by a Reticon linear array are found to differ from any simple curve, lacking diffuse interstellar features except at 6284 and possibly 5780 A and exhibiting a very broad band structure. IUE spectra between wavelengths of 1250 and 3200 A reveal a UV reddening curve in which the 2175-A absorption is weak and the 1540-A feature is absent, although a rapid rise typical of the average extinction curve is present at wavenumbers greater than 6/micron. Comparison of the extinction curve of HD 200775 with that of the shell star Theta 1 Orionis reveals the form of the diffuse absorption bands at 2175 and 1540 A. A three-component dust model consisting of fine grains accounting for UV absorption, large grains for the optical and a volatile mantle responsible for the diffuse absorption features and broadband structure is suggested to account for the observations.


Premature and very low birthweight (VLBW) infants are susceptible to numerous injuries during, and after parturition. If these injuries are neurological in nature, they can result in long-term cognitive and motor skill deficiencies. Cerebral hemorrhaging is a disease that has disastrous consequences on preterm and VLBW infants, and the mechanism for this type of hemorrhaging is currently not known. Bleeding in the ventricle region of the brain is termed intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and occurs in 32% of infants with birth weights less than 1500 grams and born prior to 32 weeks gestation[1]; 75% of these will experience long-term neurological disabilities[2]. A lack of tissue structure of the cerebral vasculature in early stages of development is a possible underlying cause for such high occurrences of IVH[3,4,5]. Mechanical characterization of neonatal vasculature could show structural underdevelopment as the underlying cause of IVH and provide valuable insight into neonatal vascular development. We previously characterized the mechanical properties of whole umbilical cord arteries and found a correlation between vessel stiffness and gestational age[6]. Considerations of the helical structure of late term umbilical cord vessels prompted a revisit of the characterization of the vessels with altered testing methods. To negate the effects of the vessels' tortuous structure on stiffness values, we tested axial and circumferential small strips of human umbilical cord artery at various gestational time.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


Objective
To explore the relationship between micro RNA and protein C deficiency in children with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction.

Methods
From December 2013 to April 2016, 53 children with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction underwent Rex shunt and received postoperative follow-ups. There were 32 boys and 21 girls with an age range of 0.9-12.6 years. Blood samples were collected pre- and post-operatively. Eighteen blood samples from children with inguinal hernia pre-operatively were used as control group 1. Serum concentration of protein C was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). As compared with control group 1, children with a lower pre- and post-operative level of protein C, not caused by postoperative decreased hepatopetal blood flow or family factors, were regarded as study group. Furthermore, the same amounts of blood samples from children with inguinal hernia were used as control group 2. Firstly the level of activated protein C (APC) was compared between study group and control group 2. Then the expressions of miR-204-5p, miR-211-5p, miR-218-5p, miR-802, miR-124-3p, miR-506-3p and protein C mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR and compared between two groups. Lastly the correlation between the expressions of protein C mRNA and miRNA was analyzed.

Results
There was 6 children in study group (4 boys and 2 girls, 3.1-12.6 years old) and 6 children with inguinal hernia (6 boys, 2-5 years old) was used as control group 2. The level of APC was significantly lower in study group than that in control group 2 [(4 102.33±154.35) vs. (5 357.42±479.49) pg/ml, P<0.01]. The expressions of miR-124-3p and miR-506-3p were significantly higher in study group than that in control group 2 (P<0.05) and the expression of protein C mRNA was significantly lower in study group than that in control group 2 (P<0.05). A significant negative correlation existed between the expressions of miR-211-5p, miR-802, miR-124-3p and miR-506-3p and the expression of protein C mRNA in study group (P<0.05).

Conclusions
The high expressions of miR-124-3p and miR-506-3p were correlated with deficiency of protein C in children with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction. And it may suppress the expression of protein C mRNA.

Key words:
micro RNA; Anticoagulant protein; Extra-hepatic portal venous obstruction


The study's main aim is to find out how advanced learners of
English whose mother tongue is Turkish are dealing with collocations and
where these learners' main errors stem from. In order to have a basic insight
into the sources of error, the learners' written works will be exploited. The
students are at the department of langugage teaching education and they will
be the prospective teachers of English. This paper attempts to investigate these
students' written works to figure out to what extent they make use of
collocations, their sources of errors and mistakes.


We conclude on the basis of a theoretical analysis of mean distances between compound states with fixed J/sup ..pi../ of a number of deformed nuclei and by using other existing experimental data that the projection K of the total spin of a neutron resonance is not a good quantum number. Expressions are obtained for the neutron strength functions of s resonances with fixed J/sup ..pi../ in deformed nuclei, and on the basis of comparison with corresponding experimental values it is concluded that all projections K in the wave function of the neutron resonance are equally probable.


A strain of Candida albicans was found to have an associative temperature profile with respect to growth, thermal death and yield on glucose. The ARRHENIUS plot of sustained exponential growth displayed two branches in the supraoptimal temperature range with the optimum temperature for growth around 33 degrees C, the final maximum temperature for growth around 38 degrees C and the initial maximum temperature for growth around 42 degrees C. The yield on glucose was temperature dependent in the supraoptimal range and declined linearly to zero between the optimum and the initial maximum temperature for growth.


The partial basic solution vector based domain decomposition method (PBSV‐DDM) is well suited for solving large‐scale finite periodic electromagnetic problems.In this work, a new implementation scheme is developed to improve the efficiency of the PBSV‐DDM. A set of orthogonal polynomials is introduced to approximate the transmission condition between adjacent subdomains, which results in solving for the polynomial coefficients instead of the dual unknowns. The major advantages of the proposed method are: (i) the computational cost and the memory requirement for the PBSV matrix are decreased significantly; (ii) the computational efforts of the matrix‐vector multiplication during iterations can also be reduced greatly; (iii) in contrast with the rank‐revealing matrix factorization based DDM, this method does not need to explicitly produce the entire PBSV matrix in advance. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:357–361, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25734


HepatoBiliary Surg Nutr 2023;12(2):229-231 | https://dx.doi.org/10.21037/hbsn-23-47 We read with great interest the multicenter study from De Pastena and colleagues dealing with the prediction of clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) after distal pancreatectomy (DP) (1). The study aimed to develop two scores. One was solely based on preoperative data. The second one relied on both preoperative and intraoperative data. The entire cohort (n=1,336) included 339 patients in a development cohort and 997 patients represented the validation cohort. Interestingly, an internal-external validation technique was used. The preoperative distal pancreatectomy-fistula risk score (D-FRS) encompassed two variables, pancreas thickness and common pancreatic duct size, both measured on preoperative imaging at the pancreas neck. Predictive performances of this score were compelling in terms of calibration using the internal-external validation approach (AUC =0.73). This score also allowed good stratification of patients in 3 groups at distinct estimated risks of CR-POPF (<10%, 10–25% and >25%). Regarding the second D-FRS including pancreas thickness and common pancreatic duct size on imaging along with body mass index, soft pancreas texture and operative time, performed well with a high internal calibration (AUC =0.85) but no external validation could be carried out due to missing data in the validation cohort. The authors should be commended for this study bringing the first validated risk score for CR-POPF after DP, the so-called D-FRS. Recently, another similar score has been published but without external validation (2). Such a clinical risk score is of paramount importance for preoperative risk assessment and patient information. Moreover, it helps in building perioperative mitigation strategies for early detection and treatment of CRPOPF. These strategies include developing preoperative preventive tools, taking intraoperative decisions (i.e., use of intraoperative drains and vascular coverage techniques) and following postoperative standardized monitoring pathways (3-7). Finally, this score could be used for patient risk stratification for future randomized controlled trials. The clinical relevance of pancreas thickness in risk assessment of POPF after DP should be underlined. While intuitively meaningful, this was rarely reported in previous published studies (2,8,9). Such a point raises questions regarding the appropriate definition of a thick pancreas and which transection technique should be preferred (10). On a methodological standpoint, the internal-external validation technique used should be highlighted as a gold standard approach and should be preferred to a pure external validation (11,12). Unfortunately, owing to missing data, the second score based on preoperative and intraoperative variables could not be validated and performances between the two scores could not be compared. Finally, one potential limitation warrants discussion. According to the ISGPS definition, POPF is retrospectively graded based on the magnitude of required postoperative French Editorial Commentary from the ACHBPT


Past experience with crisis-driven odor investigations has shown that there is an odor impact priority ranking which is definable for virtually every malodor issue; whether from natural or synthetic source. An accurate definition of such odorant priority ranking is, in turn, critical to the development of accurate and objective instrument-based methods for odor assessment and monitoring relative to that source. This paper reports on the results-to-date relative to the Carthage Bottoms Area Odor Study; a test case undertaken by the Missouri DNR to evaluate the concept of odorant prioritization by MDGC-MS-Olfactometry. The ultimate goal of this study was to explore the utility of odorant prioritization as a first step toward the translation of sensory-only odor monitoring protocols to sensory-directed but instrument based alternatives. The Carthage Bottoms Area was selected by the Missouri DNR for this exploratory effort based upon a number of factors: including; (1) an intermittent but long-standing unresolved odor issue with respect to downwind citizenry; (2) a uniquely complex, diverse and densely co-located source industry mix within the combined Bottoms Area; (3) limited past success in point-source differentiation utilizing sensory-only protocols and (4) a past history of cooperation between citizenry, community officials, industry leaders and regulatory agencies in the exploration and implementation of technologies targeting enhanced mutually beneficial co-existance. MDGC-MS-O odorant profile and prioritization results are presented for SPME collections taken near and at-distance downwind as well as reference upwind with respect to the combined Bottoms Area.


Over the past 15 years, therapeutic temperature management (TTM) has become an increasingly important goal of care in critically ill patients with acute brain injury. TTM (initially defined as cooling to 32oC−34oC) was used with increasing frequency to treat patients with postanoxic/hypoxic encephalopathy caused by catastrophic events such as neonatal asphyxia or cardiac arrest (CA). In the case of CA, using TTM was supported by the results of 2 randomized controlled trials and 45 nonrandomized (mostly before/after) studies. Guidelines from the American Heart Association and European Resuscitation Council have recommended the use of TTM for postanoxic injury after witnessed CA since 2003, and after an initially slow uptake, especially in the United States, application and implementation of these guidelines increased significantly in recent years, with growing consensus on the importance of TTM.

However, this trend is currently under threat. In 2013, a large randomized controlled trial by Nielsen and coworkers reported that outcomes in patients with CA cooled to 33oC were not better than in patients cooled to 36oC, leading to a highly contentious debate in the TTM field. Strong opinions on this issue range from accepting the results of the Nielsen study and changing the target temperature to 36oC to staying with a target of 32oC−33oC because of perceived problems with the trial. We support the latter view and have criticized the Nielsen study in these pages for possible selection bias, up to 4-hour delays in initiation of cooling, prolonged (average 10 hours) time …


We present the results of simultaneous observations of the transitional millisecond pulsar (tMSP) candidate CXOU J110926.4–650224 with the XMM-Newton satellite and the MeerKAT telescope. The source was found at an average X-ray luminosity of LX ≃ 7 × 1033 erg s−1 over the 0.3−10 keV band (assuming a distance of 4 kpc) and displayed a peculiar variability pattern in the X-ray emission, switching between high, low and flaring modes on timescales of tens of seconds. A radio counterpart was detected at a significance of 7.9σ with an average flux density of ≃33 μJy at 1.28 GHz. It showed variability over the course of hours and emitted a ≃10-min long flare just a few minutes after a brief sequence of multiple X-ray flares. No clear evidence for a significant correlated or anticorrelated variability pattern was found between the X-ray and radio emissions over timescales of tens of minutes and longer. CXOU J110926.4–650224 was undetected at higher radio frequencies in subsequent observations performed with the Australia Telescope Compact Array, when the source was still in the same X-ray sub-luminous state observed before, down to a flux density upper limit of 15 μJy at 7.25 GHz (at 3σ). We compare the radio emission properties of CXOU J110926.4–650224 with those observed in known and candidate tMSPs and discuss physical scenarios that may account for its persistent and flaring radio emissions.


The balance of the steel-wire ropes in multi-rope frictional hoist is an important problem in the frictional hoist research.It is expounded the factors influencing the multi-rope tension balance including the deviation of the rope groove diameter,rigidity deviation,length deviation and wiggle of the steel rope.The adjustment method of the multi-rope tension balance is proposed.


The invention provides a method and a device for identifying adjacent pseudo-random code confusion, which relate to the field of communication. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring first position information of a mobile station when the mobile station establishes a call with a reference base station in which a reference sector is positioned, and second position information of the mobile station after the mobile station establishes switching with an adjacent base station in which an effective non-reference sector is positioned during the call; and determining that the adjacent base station has adjacent PN confusion if the deviation between the first position information and the second position information is greater than a threshold and a dropped call occur in the mobile station after the mobile station establishes the switching.


The influence of doping on valence and metal-insulator transitions in the spinless Falicov–Kimball model is studied by the well-controlled numerical method. Two types of doping are examined, and namely, the substitution of rare-earth ions by non-magnetic ions that introduce (i) one or (ii) no additional electron (per non-magnetic ion) into the conduction band. It is found that the first type of substitution increases the average f-state occupancy of rare-earth ions, whereas the second type of substitution has the opposite effect. In both cases valence changes are accompanied by a doping induced insulator-metal transition. The results obtained are used to describe valence and metal-insulator transitions in the samarium hexaboride solid solutions.


This research examines the hypothesis that criminal activity has increased behavior among knowledgeable young people in Lagos state, Nigeria, in response to the unequal employment opportunities in the public sector. The tool that was used for the purpose of data collection was the questionnaire. Through the use of techniques including simple random sampling and sophisticated sampling, 1900 individuals overall and four geographical regions were selected accordingly. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences analyzed the acquired data. According to the study, uneven access to work prospects is a key factor contributing to the rise in juvenile delinquency in Lagos. The study's findings indicate that the disparity in hiring practices for open positions in the broader public sector is the cause of the rise in criminal activity among educated Nigerians in Lagos. Consequently, the report recommends that the hiring process in various government entities follows legal procedures and that a supportive business climate that promotes small and medium-sized firms be created.


By studying the main weather phenomena causing variation of Urumqi airport's visibility,the impact of airport's visibility aviation were analyzed.A simply statistical model of assessment of the impact and benefit was made.


This paper describes the design of multifunction second order voltage-mode filter using the voltage differencing differential difference amplifier (VDDDA) as active element. The internal construction of VDDDA based on the 0.25um TSMC CMOS technology is used for simulation and testing. The proposed filter is sort of three inputs-single output (TISO) multifunction filter. It consists of single VDDDA, single resistor and two capacitors that is suitable to fabricate into monolithic chip. The filter can provide five standard functions namely, lowpass (LP), bandpass (BP), highpass (HP), band-stop (BS) and allpass (AP) responses, in the same circuit topology. Each filter response can be selected by digital method. The natural frequency and quality factor can be electronically tuned that is attractive for micro-computer or microcontroller controllability. The proposed filter was supplied by ±1.25 V source. The simulated results using PSpice simulation agree well with expected theoretical analysis.


The effect of radiation on the superconducting transition temperature (T/ sub c/), upper critical field (H/sub c2/), and volume-pinning-force density (F/ sub p/) were discussed for the three kinds of superconducting material (elements, alloys, and compounds). 11 figures, 3 tables, 86 references. (auth)


Polyvinyl acetate emulsion with active group was prepared by emulsion polymerization with using PVOH as a protective colloid.And a kind of contact fast curing waterborne adhesive for wood was synthesized,in which component A was the polyvinyl acetate emulsion and component B contained macromolecule polymer with hydrazide group,thus,the fast bonding for wood is achieved.The effects of the contents of PVOH and hydrazide group on performance of the adhesive were studied.The results showed that the best proportion for this adhesive were as follows,PVOH content was 4.5% in component A and hydrazide group concentration was 0.8mol/L in component B.