A tubeless siphon apparatus has been set up to measure extensional flow. In this apparatus the liquid is continuously drawn into a capillary and, after steady flow has been established, the tube is raised above the liquid surface. With viscoelastic liquids the flow continues and a column can be lifted from the reservoir. At the capillary entrance an oscillating bead of excess liquid collects, which interferes both with the flow and the measurements. This can be minimized by careful control of the liquid column height. For homogeneous solutions the column is symmetrical and tapers steadily from the liquid surface to the capillary entrance, with no bulging. Preliminary results show tensile viscosities 103 times that of the Trouton coefficient 3ηS0, where ηS0 is the zeroshear‐Rate shear viscosity, and having a very strong dependence on deformation rate. A concentration‐stretch‐rate‐reduced variable scheme is proposed.


As little as 5 years ago few would have supported the idea of a postal marketing department in the Post Office. Not many more would have seen the need for any real effort to sell our services and many would have questioned whether we had anything to sell. Even today we are sometimes asked "Why try to promote sales when you have a monopoly?" Yet nowadays we have, not only a Headquarters Department, but regional and local sales forces as well. We have mounted a substantial market research programme and subject our markets to close analysis; we have extended our range of services and facilities and offer contract terms to many customers, and need to fulfil customer requirements and respond to market and economic conditions are crucial elements in our planning. The main impetus for this change of emphasis was provided by the 1969 Post Office Act under which the Post Office ceased to operate as a Government Department and became a nationalised industry. Its duty was defined as the exercise of its powers to provide services and carry out associated functions so as to meet the social, industrial and commercial needs of the country. But it was also required to pay its way, and in separating it from some of the day to day supervision by Government and Parliament, one of the aims of the legislation was to give Post Office management greater freedom to innovate, to use commercial criteria for gauging efficiency and to develop the service along business lines. The obligation to make the most efficient use of the resources vested in the Corpora-


The complete reclaimed texts of art critic and political journalist Elizabeth McCausland intended for photographer Berenice Abbott's 1930s seminal book Changing New York


A multiple locally 1-D (MLOD) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for inhomogeneous coupled transmission lines and stability analyses are presented. The method is aptly called the MLOD coupled line (CL)-FDTD method. Various split matrices are proposed, and the corresponding update equations are formulated and discussed. All the proposed split matrices yield implicit electric field update equations with tridiagonal or block tridiagonal matrices on the left-hand sides. For more efficiency, the block tridiagonal matrices for implicit electric field may be reformulated and replaced with tridiagonal matrices for implicit magnetic field. The stability analysis is first performed using the von Neumann method in the Fourier domain. It is shown that the von Neumann method alone may not be sufficient to ascertain stability for inhomogeneous media. To include media inhomogeneity, the two-media reduced-matrix stability analysis is proposed. It allows us to efficiently analyze the key stability characteristics in inhomogeneous media and is useful for quick detection of any potential instability that is not apparent via the von Neumann method. The stability characteristics with variation of media parameters are also investigated and discussed. The numerical results are provided to validate the stability and accuracy of the proposed MLOD CL-FDTD method with various split matrices.


Executive functions, language and learning skills in children born at 23-25 weeks' gestation in the 1990s : a Swedish national prospective follow-up study


ABSTRACT Nursing education relies on nurses to supervise students in practical skill learning during their clinical placement periods, yet literature is sparse regarding what this supervision actually entails. The study aimed to explore the learning actions that characterised nurses' and students' interaction during supervision of peripheral vein cannulation attempts on patients in hospital, and how these learning actions influenced the students' practise. In this study, 38 video-recorded attempts of the practical skill peripheral vein cannulation conducted of nine nursing students were analysed. Of the 38 attempts, 10 were successful. In successful and failed attempts both, students and nurses primarily engaged in learning actions that informed, reminded, or corrected the students; students and nurses rarely engaged in learning actions characterised by reflection and discussion. A surface approach to learning was insufficient for most students to successfully insert a vein cannula during their clinical placement.


were mostly smallfarmers and their womenfolk, and they were of African origin. Measurements included intervals, axes, and amplitudes and three indices of left heart involvement Morris's index of left atrial disease, Estes' scorefor left ventricular hypertrophy, and the Sokolow-Lyon criteria. Their distributions are compared with data from similar epidemiological studies and provide values for an ethnic group for which there are few population-based reports. The strikingfeature of these tracings was the high proportion with evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy, particularly among those of men. The relation between certain electrocardiographic characteristics and age, body build, arterial pressure, and heart rate was investigated by multiple regression analysis, and this showed that little of the variation of most electrocardiographic measurements was explained by these variables.


Results of a study of plasma lipids levels and lipoprotein pattern modification during digestion in sea bass indicate that, after feeding, non-esterified fatty acids are rapidly delivered in plasma, while triglycerides reach a maximum concentration only 24 h later. The time-course change of the lipoprotein pattern shows a relationship between their concentration and the lipid class carried.


The Guatemalan Family Planning Association (APROFAM) uses family planning promoters to dispense contraceptives in villages. APROFAM has found it can only work through local people who are respected in the community and by offering services other than family planning. This is because the Indian communities are suspicious of persons who come from the city and talk about limiting the size of their families. This suspicion comes as no surprise. The Indians who make up 55% of Guatemalas population live in fear of the ruling Ladinos of Spanish descent whose army forces them to serve in civil defense militia and to spy on their own villages. Indians who refuse are dealt with harshly; crops and homes are destroyed and people are massacred. Juan and Lucinda Yool were part of an APROFAM experiment to assess the effectiveness of training couples to work together as family planning promoters. Over 6 months APROFAM monitored the work of 33 couples in which the spouse had attended a 3-day training course alongside 33 couples in which the spouse helped with sales but did not have any training. The trained group increased sales by nearly 30% while the control group hardly increased sales. Many Indians go to the government health centers only in an emergency. The family planning promoters can treat anemia parasites and diarrhea the ailments most common to women and children. The couple covers 22 villages although only 5 get monthly visits as each one entails a walk of at least 3 hours. Other villagers visit them when they come to town for the weekly markets. Sephora de Leon a coordinator for APROFAM gives advice in the towns hospital clinics in the mornings and visits mountain villages in the afternoons setting up and running Mothers Clubs. A network of 75 of these clubs exists throughout the country. The Clubs bring women together to learn skills so that they can earn a little money or produce articles for their families. After several weeks of meeting the possibility of family planning in introduced carefully.


Materials problems exist with both active and inactive battery components. These problems are identified for the battery systems in contention for electric vehicle propulsion, and fall under the general categories of low ratio of practical to theoretical energy density, active component capacity losses, corrosion of inactive components, inadequate separator materials, unavailability of hermetic seals, and restricted availability or high cost of certain materials. Current research to solve some of these materials problems is outlined, and opportunities for materials improvement are suggested.


A goethite-based catalyst was evaluated using in-situ X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy during methane oxidation under increasing reaction temperature. Determination of rank by median absolute deviation (DRMAD), evolving factor analysis (EFA), and multivariate curve resolution (MCR) were used to detect the species present in the catalyst during the reaction and determine their concentration profiles and their pure spectra. The reactants and reaction products were monitored on-line by mass spectrometer. The goethite-based catalyst was active for methane oxidation, with CO2 and H2O as the main products. DRMAD and EFA were useful to determine the number of chemical species present in the catalyst structure during reactions. The catalyst presented phase transition during the reaction from goethite to maghemite according to XANES spectra determined by MCR. On the other hand, it was verified that the catalyst presented phase transition from goethite to wüstite in the process in the absence of the oxidant (O2).


Background: Metabolic syndrome has always been linked with obesity and a sedentary lifestyle due to induction of metabolic derangements. Orexin A and B are recently discovered hypothalamic neuropeptides. Orexin A regulates appetite, food intake, and energy expenditure.

Aims and Objectives: Metabolic fuel detectors regulate energy balance at peripheral and central levels. The aim of this study is to assess association of serum orexin levels with metabolic risk markers in women of reproductive age group (RAG).

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the campus of King George Medical University (KGMU), Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, INDIA. One hundred and fifty apparently healthy women of RAG, that is, 20–40 years of age were randomly selected. Fasting serum orexin and serum insulin levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and weight, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, and blood pressure were estimated in women.

Results: The results show that serum orexin levels have significant positive correlation with fasting blood glucose, weight, BMI, and waist circumference along with a weak negative correlation with serum insulin level.

Conclusion: In the present study, serum orexin levels significantly correlate with weight, BMI, fasting blood glucose, and weak negative correlation with serum insulin levels. Serum orexin levels did not correlate with the lipid profile of women of RAG.


Open tin mining on tropical Bangka Island, Indonesia exposed heavy metals that had become a major cause of land degradation and severe local_global environmental damage. The goal of this study is to accelerate the remediation of degraded ecosystems in tin mined land, and thereby promote sustainable land use and environmental productivity. To the tailings of a former tin mined on Bangka Island, we applied an organic amendment comprising compost and paramagnetic humus at dosages of 0%, 5%, and 10%, and analyzed the results using a factorial completely randomized design (FCRD). We found the soil from the former tin mining site to be acidic (pH 5.34) and dominated by sand particles (88%) with a very low cation exchange capacity. The soils also had a very low nutrient content (available and total-N, P, K, Ca, Mg), high toxicity levels of Zn, Cu, B, Cd and Ti, as well low toxicity levels of B, Zn, Cu, Ti, Cd. Organic soil amendments of organic paramagnetic materials and compost can improve soil quality by increasing the pH, the high availability of P and K and the cation exchange capacity, as well as maintain low toxicity. The growth (high, diameter, biomass, top-root ratio) of the exotic pioneer plant Reutealis trisperma increases the quality of soils to which proper soil amendments have been applied. The overall concept and appropriate technology for rehabilitating the ecosystem of degraded tin-mined land in tropical regions which serve as the world's lungs, will strongly contribute to the development of a healthy and sustainable environment for all life on this planet.


The legal uncertainty created by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is becoming so common, it's starting to go unnoticed. In yet another recent example, Poland's data protection authority (DPA), UODO ("Urząd Ochrony Danych Osobowych" in Polish), fined a European company over €220,000 for failing to comply with a GDPR requirement that companies provide individuals with privacy notices. As Eline Chivot and Daniel Castro write for Techdirt, this case hasn't drawn considerable attention but could have considerable implications for many other European companies. The Polish decision shows that compliance may not be enough to protect companies from GDPR fines. Companies cannot interpret unclear regulations, so they will continue to face unpredictable decisions. Even if a company appeals a decision, it will take time before the final outcome establishes jurisprudence.


N-acetyl cysteine, glutamine and arginine may be essential to the ability of InmunoNutril@ to enhance antioxidant defences in rats challenged with endotoxin 53, 45A. 1994 Novel functions of vitamin Bg 53, 625, 1994 The effect of amino acids upon the pathways of 15NH4C1 conversion to urea in isolated sheep hepatocytes 53, 197A, 1994 The effect of dietary glutamine on the structure of the gastrointestinal mucosa of rats undergoing an acute-phase response to tissue injury 53, 44A, 1994 The effect of excessive amounts of branchedchain amino acids on amino acid utilization in growing pigs 53, 108A, 1994 The effects of amino acids on iron and zinc dialysability in vitro 53. 22A, 1994 Acute-phase protein response


Prospective epidemiologic observations were made over a three-year period on children living in an area where superficial pyoderma is prevalent. Most children (81%) developed skin infection. There was no sex predilection. There was a tendency for more frequent episodes of pyoderma in children 2 to 5 years of age as compared to older children. Disease was often noted on exposed body surfaces, especially on lower extremities. Serial cultures on 15 untreated lesions indicated that spontaneous healing occurred over a range of 2 to 23 days (mean 9.6 days). Group A β-hemolytic streptococci and staphylococci were most commonly isolated organisms. These two bacterial genera coexisted in most instances; however, data are presented to suggest a primary role for streptococci and a subsidiary one for staphylococci in pathogenesis of pyoderma.


In the present era skill development has become vital for sustainable economic growth and eradication of unemployment especially for nations like India with emerging opportunities. With the emergence of new technologies and innovations in different parts of the world, it has become an essential for the governments to prioritize skill development to respond to the constantly changing dynamics of the world. The need of the hour is to provide a platform for skill development to the youth population. A country like India the challenge emanating from the demographic dividend would be to meet the labor market aspirations of the people at large and the youth in particular. Several studies have predicted that by 2020, India is set to become the world's youngest country with 64 per cent of its population in the working age group. Skill development can, therefore, be seen as the need of the hour. For this purpose the central government and state governments have taken many initiatives. Some of the important initiatives are Skill Development Programmes, Hunar, B. Voc courses, Subsidized loans to unemployed youth at low rate of interest, Industrial training Institutes, Promotion of small scale industries and cottage industries, Training for making domestic items at small scale. Training for growing spices, vegetables, bee keeping, dairy farming, call centre jobs etc. To achieve this purpose the government has started special institutes, skill development centres like Industrial training Institutes, Community Colleges Kaushal vikas Kendras. In addition to these many industrial authorities and private bodies, banks etc. have also started training of youth to eradicate unemployment and to meet the demands of the industries. Some of these bodies are ICICI, Kirloskar, Raymonds, NIIT, and Indo Danish Tool Room etc. All these initiatives are in co-ordination of each other and sometimes overlap also.


Bariatric surgery (BS) is usually considered when other weight-loss treatments have failed, and remains an effective long-term treatment for severe obesity and its related medical complications [...].


Timely and accurate estimation of acreage and production of horticulture crops is necessary for deciding how much, where and when to export these commodities in the national and global markets. Remote sensing has been one of the methods adopted, in addition to conventional sampling methods, for improving the estimates. Parametric image classification algorithms have been used by many researchers for identification and area estimation of horticulture crops. But these algorithms result in several unclassified pixels leading to over/underestimates. This study has been undertaken to estimate the area of two horticulture crops (i.e., mango and coconut) of Hesaraghatta hobli of Bengaluru urban district using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) on Google Colaband Random Forest (RF) algorithms on Google Earth Engine (GEE). Remotely sensed data acquired by the Multi-Spectral Instrument (MSI) onboard Sentiel-2A satellite was used. Spectral signatures of horticulture crops and other associated cover types have been generated to identify the cover types and for selecting appropriate band combinations. Two different band combinations were used for area estimation of selected horticulture crops: i) Near-InfraRed (NIR), Red, and Green all three having a spatial resolution of 10 m, ii) Red edge-3, Short-Wave InfraRed1 (SWIR1) and Short-Wave InfraRed2 (SWIR2) having 20 m spatial resolution. Area estimates of horticulture crops and associated cover types were validated with respect to ground truth and statistical reports from Karnataka State Directorate of Horticulture (KSDH). It was found that the CNN model performed better than RF using NIR, Red, and Green band combination with an overall accuracy of 84%, but it failed to give similar accuracies with Red edge 3, SWIR1, and SWIR2 band combination. We attempted transfer learning using the trained CNN model at two different study areas far away from the study area and found encouraging results.


The synthesis of N-tert-butylamides using SO42−/CexZr1−xO2 catalysts under solvent-free conditions is reported. The methodology has several advantages such as reusability of the catalyst, solvent-f...


Chiral separation of felodipine was studied by high performance liquid chromatography on the chiral stationary phase of silica gel coated with cellulose 3-(4methylbenzoate).The influences of the volume of isopropanol,flow rate and column temperature on the separation of felodipine were investigated.And the influences of increasing the injection volume and sample concentration on the separation of felodipine were also studied by simulating the preparation and separation conditions.The chiral recognition mechanism of felodipine was discussed by the chromatographic theory and thermodynamic theory.The baseline separation of felodipine was available in the mobile phase of hexane/isopropanol(90∶10) with a flow rate of 0.8mL/min and the column temperature of 30℃.


In a reciprocating compressor, highly impulsive pressure fluctuations induced by a reciprocating piston give rise to serious noise and vibration problems. A muffler is frequently used to reduce this impulsive noise, but also has adverse effects on compressor performance due to additional pressure drop and heat transfer of refrigerants through it. Therefore, the flow and acoustic performances of mufflers used in a compressor should be considered simultaneously. In this study, both of flow and acoustic performances of mufflers are investigated using computational fluid dynamic techniques by solving full three-dimensional


PurposeE-commerce live streaming (ELS) has become a new and important shopping channel. Although previous studies have provided insightful findings on how to engage consumers in ELS, limited effort has been made to explore the role of factors of live streaming rooms. Based on the literature on space perception and the retail environment, this study aims to develop a theoretical model to examine how perceived distance and perceived depth affect consumers' affective and cognitive perceptions and then further impact product attitude in ELS.Design/methodology/approachThis study collected 414 valid survey responses to test the proposed research model. Survey data were analyzed using partial least squares (PLS)-structural equation modeling. The PLS Multi-Group analysis (PLS-MGA) was used to test the consistency of the research model across different product types and watching durations.FindingsThe results suggest that environmental factors of a live streaming room (i.e. perceived distance and perceived depth) can impact consumers' attitudes toward the product in the live streaming via both cognitive and affective routes. These effects keep consistent across different product types and watching durations.Originality/valueThe paper focuses on the environmental perspective, which is unexplored in previous literature on ELS. It highlights the importance of the space design of live streaming rooms.


Delta Connection Inc. is a profitable, growing business, generating over US$3 billion in annual revenues, and employing five regional airlines to operate 430 modern jet aircraft for Delta Air Lines and the SkyTeam alliance. This case study looks at the challenges Delta faced when integrating two acquired regional airlines into the core business.


The invention discloses a control method for a special steel coiling side guide short stroke broken line, and belongs to the technical field of automatic control of hot continuous rolling coiling side guide. In the method, a coiling side guide acts for two times during the process where a band steel head penetrates through the coiling side guide, that is when the band steel head reaches the coiling side guide for heat detection, a control system controls a first short stroke to enable the coiling side guide to act for the first time, when the band steel head is near to a pinch roll, the control system controls a second short stroke to enable the coiling side guide to act for the second time. According to the method provided by the invention, scrap steel caused by unstable width value of the band steel head is avoided, the accuracy control of the position of the special steel side guide is realized, and coil shapes are guaranteed.


The cauliflowers using single package with fresh-keeping film were put in cold storage of 2-3 ℃,RH 85%-95% after irradiation of 500,1 000 and 2 000 Gy and the antiseptic effect and storage quality were studied.The result showed that high energy electron beam could control the propagation of pathogenic microorganism effectively,and alleviate the putrefaction and deterioration of cauliflowers during storage.The dosages of 500 and 1 000 Gy could restrain respiration intensity observably,relieve the harmful effects of weight loss and malondialdehyde(MDA)accumulation on storage quality of cauliflower,and then slow down the decline of nutritional quality.At 60 d,the treatment of 1 000 Gy had the best preservation effect in the study.The weight loss and MDA content were 8.56% and 1.84 nmol·g-1 respectively,lower than the control notablely(P0.05).The vitamin C content and soluble protein content were maintained at 33.14 mg·100 g-1 and 102.38 mg·100 g-1 respectively at the 50 d,both of which reached extremely significant level compared with the control at the same time(P0.01).2 000 Gy had undesirable effects on product quality although it could control the propagation of pathogenic microorganism commendably.The respiration intensity increased quickly,and the content of vitamin C and reducing sugar decreased rapidly during storage.According to the results above,the sensory and nutritional quality maintain the highest standard in 2-3 ℃ cold storage for 60 d treated with 1 000 Gy.


Background/Purpose: Helicobacter pylori infection has been suggested as a culprit of various extragastrointestinal (GI) disorders. It is debatable whether H. pylori infection exacerbates or triggers the pathogenesis of psoriasis. This meta-analysis aimed to explore the association between psoriasis and H. pylori infection. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search of the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was performed from inception through October 2017. The inclusion criterion was observational studies evaluating the association between psoriasis and H. pylori infection. The pooled odds ratio (OR) of H. pylori infection and their 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random-effects meta-analysis to compare risk between psoriasis patients and controls. The between-study heterogeneity of effect-size was quantified using the Q statistic and I2. Results: Data were extracted from nine observational studies involving 1546 individuals. Pooled result demonstrated an increased H. pylori infection in psoriasis compared with controls (OR=1.58; 95% CI: 1.02–2.46, P=0.04, I2=64%). Subgroup analysis showed an increased risk of H. pylori infection in psoriasis measured with H. pylori IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (OR=3.11; 95% CI: 1.85–5.20, P<0.01, I2=10%) but not active infection measured with urea breath test (OR=0.88; 95% CI: 0.61–1.27, P=0.49, I2=0%). Conclusion: This meta-analysis has shown an increased H. pylori infection in patients with psoriasis. H. pylori infection in the past could play a role in the abnormal immunological cascade in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Further studies to elucidate the inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of psoriasis are warranted.


Richard Albert's book offers a crucial systematization of constitutional amendments, their forms, procedures and scope. In doing so, it provides important insights on the theory and the practice of constitutional amendment design, the difficulty they face and the varieties of unamendability, amongst other things. This contribution seeks to apply Richard Albert's analysis to the case of the European Union, where the existence of a fully-fledged Constitution has long been contested. It claims that this analytical framework can help to better understand the functioning of EU "constitutional amendments", i.e. Treaty revisions, and their limits, in a context where they have remained substantially understudied.


Epidemiological scenario of malaria differs fromstate to state and region to region and the data of acountry cannot represent the situation in different re-gions. One should have a clear knowledge about thedynamics of malaria in a particular region so that pre-vention and management strategies can be planned ina better way. If we look at the epidemiological trendsof India there is a trend towards increasing proportionof


An investigation on contemporary college students' aesthetic orientation and its influencing factors has been conducted by adopting the approaches of interview,questionnaire,networks and field research.It shows that:1)contemporary college students' aesthetic taste of sports culture mainly involves the beauty of body,the beauty of movement and the beauty of spirit.2)Contemporary college students generally appreciate the beauty of movement from six aspects:jumping,vacated rotation,speed,flexibility,rhythm,fluency,wit and courage;the general appreciation of the beauty of spirits includes indomitable perseverance,tolerance of pain,persistence,sedation,wonderful collaboration,competition friendship,and vitality;and the general appreciation of the beauty of body includes shape,strong body and muscles.3)There is significant difference in college students' aesthetic ability in terms of gender and grade,but no significant difference in terms of major.4)Both sports participation and the professional capability of PE teachers are the important factors that influence college students' aesthetic ability.


Munich and the Free State of Bavaria have been the German center for technology in general and information technology and computer engineering especially in the past 20 years. The Deutsches Museum is a living witness of the tradition for technology development in Munich. Symposium attendees will have the opportunity to witness the history of computing in Germany and Europe during a visit to the Computer Science section of the Deutches Museum. Today, the Technische Universität München and the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München as well as the University of the Army and the University of Technology offer studies in informatics, bioinformatics, informatics and economics, computational science and engineering and other topics closely related to computer architecture. .


Platinum nanoparticles were grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on highly oriented pyrolitic graphite substrates and characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy. Unexpectedly, as the nominal Pt thickness std is increased from 0.1 to 20 nm, the mean diameter sdmd of the Pt nanoparticles follows the power law dm ~ t 1/Z with a dynamic exponent Z= 4.7± 10 %. This growth law is found to be valid for incident kinetic energy sKEd of the ablated species involved in the growth process ranging from 4 to 130 eV/ at. We also show that the shape of isolated Pt nanoparticles can be greatly influenced by KE. Our results point out that PLD Pt nanoparticles nucleate and grow on the substrate rather than being formed in the ablation plume.


The villager autonomy has brought more responsibilities and duties to village - level family planning work. However, the overall quality of the current village functionaries is not high enough to suit the work demands. For this reason, it is urgent and important to give them necessary training and to solve compensation problems for them as well.


In the present study the effects of endotoxin tolerance on hemorrhagic shock were investigated with particular focus on hepatic alterations. The following questions were addressed: (i) does hemorrhagic shock induce cytokine formation and heat shock response in the liver; and (ii) does endotoxin tolerance alter these reactions. Endotoxin tolerance was induced by repetitive daily injections of LPS for 5 days. Hemorrhagic shock was induced by hypovolemia (MAP 35 ± 5 mmHg). After 3 h, the animals were resuscitated by re-infusion of homologous blood. m-RNA was isolated from liver biopsies and the mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70) were determined by RT-PCR. TNF-α was measured by ELISA in serum samples and in the supernatants of whole blood cultures. It was found that endotoxin tolerance reduced mortality caused by hemorrhagic shock from 80% to 20%. In parallel, TNF-α production in response to LPS in vivo and in vitro was significantly decreased. During hemorrhage and after resuscitation. increased mRNA levels were detected in hepatic biopsies for TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 and HSP-70, with highest levels immediately after re-infusion. Endotoxin-tolerant rats produced significantly lower levels of TNF-α, while no differences were found for IL-10 and HSP-70. Within 30 min after reperfusion, significantly higher levels of IL-6 mRNA were found in hepatic biopsies from tolerant rats; these differences disappeared 2 h after reperfusion.


Adam Liszt was born on 16 December 1776 in Nemesvolgy, Hungary and married Maria Anna Lager, who was born on 9 May 1788 in Krems. Her father, Matthias, was a successful baker with a lovely house and his wife was Franziska Romana Schumann (1757-1797) the daughter of a clock maker. Both of them originated from humble Austrian stock. Adam and Maria married in Unterfrauenhaid on 11 January 1811 and their only child, Ferenc, was born on 22 October 1811 at Raiding in Hungary when his father was an inspector of sheep on the Esterhazy estate in Eisenstadt in the employ of Prince Nikolaus Esterhazy. Previously, Adam was in great favour with the royal household playing the cello in the Court Orchestra and having Haydn and Hummel as occasional conductors. Adam also played the violin, piano and the guitar and was close to the Prince being a regular guest at important social events such as sea trials and parties. But in 1809, Adam took the job of looking after the sheep on the estate. It has been suggested that this was a demotion but the facts now seem to be that the health inspector of sheep paid better and that is why Adam applied for the job.


The paper displays the inference of a new multivariable adaptive controller, which minimizes an expense function, incorporating input framework, yielding more set points. It gives an adaptive system which ensures minimum variance of parameters. Under the direct adaptive control scheme, minimum variance control is applied to find the control law to make the output track a desired reference signal. It tracks the pre-defined set-points. This signal transforms with those wanted speed from claiming response and they penalizes an unreasonable control action. Simulation study is also made to verify the developed results. The  temperature  control  system  is  increasingly playing  an  important  role  in  industrial  production. Recently, lot of researches is going on temperature control systems with various control strategies.  The temperature control system based on fuzzy self-tuning is adopted in this paper. The simulation results show that the validity of the adopted strategy is more effective to control temperature in industrial grinding.


Application of deconvolution of digital images in macroscopic measurement is studied. On the basis of measuring the point spread function of the system, a method of transformation of spectrum space is used in order to obtain clearer images, without the geometric blurring in traditional microscopy, and the width of one-dimensional line can be precisely measured. The technique is used to evaluate the surfaces of steel plates applied in osteopathy, and the scratches scaled in 10μm are measured accurately and easily. The technique makes great sense in the development of corresponding measurement.


High-intensity work of the inspiratory or expiratory muscles of breathing evokes reflex changes in cardiovascular function, collectively termed the respiratory metaboreflex. The sympathetically mediated pressor response and tachycardia are accompanied by a redistribution of cardiac output characterized by reductions of blood flow to inactive muscles in favour of the working muscles. Interestingly, it is established during loaded breathing in dynamic exercise that the respiratory muscles prove greedy, grabbing the lion's share of the redistributed blood flow and 'stealing' flow from active locomotor muscles. Blood pressure and heart rate responses to increased inspiratory workload are attenuated in young adult females compared with young adult males. This observation is consistent with the widely recognized sex differences in cardiovascular control, generally attributed to the actions of oestrogen on autonomic control and/or peripheral effects of the sex steroid on the vasculature (Joyner et al., 2015). It is increasingly evident that cardiovascular advantage in females is dramatically lost after the menopause. In this issue of The Journal of Physiology, Leahy et al. (2023) expand our appreciation of the respiratorymetaboreflex in meticulously performed studies in young and older male and female participants, exploring the influences of age and sex on heart rate and blood pressure responses to inspiratory pressure threshold loading (60% of maximum inspiratory pressure) to task failure. Young females were tested in the mid-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, and older females were postmenopausal (>6 months since last menstrual cycle). The authors hypothesized that the pressor response to inspiratory loading would be increased in older participants. Moreover, given the decline in sex steroids in the postmenopausal state, it was reasoned that sex differences expected in young adults would be fully resolved in older adults. The findings of the study are clear cut. Carefully controlling for relative workloads between groups the authors report that: (i) ageing is associated with an increased pressor response to inspiratory loading in both sexes, expressed within the considerably shorter time to task failure in older participants compared with young adults; and (ii) the respiratory metaboreflex is attenuated in young females compared with young males, but elevated pressor responses to inspiratory loading in older participants are equivalent between male and female participants. Studies of this nature are, understandably, limited in their capacity to proffer complete mechanistic insight. The authors reasonably conclude that the equivalent elevated pressor responses to inspiratory loading in older male and female participants relate to reduced sex hormone concentrations in postmenopausal females. It is plausible that loss of oestrogen relieves an inhibitory influence on reflex-mediated sympathoexcitation, with wider ramifications for blood pressure homeostasis, consistent with the widely appreciated increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity in postmenopausal females. It is also likely that the precipitous decline in sex steroid signalling after the menopause disrupts adrenoceptor control of the vasculature, which, alone or in combination with changes in sympathetic nervous outflow, can readily explain the robust cardiovascular responsiveness of older participants. Additional studies are required to probe these issues. An obvious issue worthy of pursuit is whether hormone replacement in postmenopausal females blunts the respiratory metaboreflex. Interestingly, and consistent with the general reasoning of Leahy et al. (2023) in the consideration of their findings, oestrogen replacement in postmenopausal females lowers the pressor response to isometric hand-grip exercise (Fadel et al., 2004). Additionally, one wonders whether the potentiated metaboreflex in ageing is driven by afferent mechanisms. The authors consider but largely discount this premise with fair reasoning. However, age-related decline in muscle architecture and metabolism, 'inflammaging' of muscle and/or loss of oestrogenic signalling in muscle after the menopause that can elaborate redox imbalance and oxidative stress might be at least part players. Conceivably, alterations at the level of stimulus (and/or conduction and integration of the same) could contribute to potentiated responses. However, it appears that the contribution of type III/IV afferents to the exercise pressor response is unaltered by ageing, but efferent mechanisms differ between young and older participants, with a greater contribution by vasomotor mechanisms in older participants (Sidhu et al., 2015). It remains to be determined whether a similar scenario applies to the respiratory metaboreflex. On that front, there is a startling deficit in our understanding of the role of phrenic afferents in the control of breathing and blood pressure. Another notable gap in the knowledge base is the dearth of studies seeking to characterize the physiology of healthy older males and females. It is therefore particularly pleasing to see further evidence of a response to The Journal's call to action ensuring a wider appreciation of human physiology across the lifespan (O'Halloran, 2020). Whatever the mechanism(s) of the potentiated metaboreflex in older males and females, the findings of Leahy et al. (2023) remind us of age-related remodelling and emerging vulnerability of the cardiovascular system. Documenting the full portfolio of responses across a wide demographic, delineating the underlying mechanisms and designing effective interventions to mitigate adverse outcomes will be important to pave a successful path to healthy ageing and increased healthspan.


The present work intends to evaluate the tractability of a pharmaceutical effluent by Pycnoporus sanguineus, Schizophyllum commune and heterogenic photocatalysis, using TiO2 as catalyser. It was evaluated enzymatic activity of Laccase, manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidase, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and toxicity to Artemia salina. It was used the solid culture medium with agar and potato to fungal growth (5 days), however there was a variation: the substitution of distilled water to in natura effluent to induction enzymatic. The bioremediation treatment were done with in natura effluent, sterilized effluent and induction on solid medium and the combined treatment were done with initial biologic treatment before photocatalytic treatment and the opposite of. The highest COD increasing in 48h of fungal treatment were using S. commune and the highest laccase production (17.00 U mL‐1) were by Pycnoporus sanguineus in 96h of treatment and manganese peroxidase production in 24h of treatment (2.00 U mL‐1). In general, the combined treatment showed COD decreasing and enzymatic production smaller than the biological treatment. In all treatment forms, there was no increasing of toxicity to Artemia salina, indicating environmental viability to biological treatment.


This article attempts to clarify the role of supervisors in guiding postgraduate research students and the challenges and complexities encountered in the process of supervision. In the analysis and interpretation of data, it became evident that supervision of postgraduate research students varies enormously, depending on the subject area, the background and needs of the student, and the work patterns and personalities of both the student and the supervisor. 1. BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION upervision of postgraduates is viewed as the normal path for entry into the research and academic community. The preparation for, engagement in and successful emergence from the postgraduate research uniquely epitomizes the transition from non-academic to academic status. The rite of passage represented by the postgraduate research process is the very point at which the academic system reproduces itself. Effective research supervision is at the centre of successful postgraduate research, yet it is a teaching learning process poorly comprehended. Grant (2003:25) is of the opinion that students experience the process as complex and unstable. Supervision of postgraduate research is a process involving complex academic and interpersonal skills. These skills range from guidance of title selection, research methodology, data collection techniques, data analysis and interpretation, conclusion and recommendation and finally publication of the research product. In the process of research supervision, there are times where the supervisor becomes confused and irritated with the progress of the student. The student on the hand is upset with the guidance he receives from the supervisor. Some of the students even go to an extent of throwing in the towel. 2. METHODOLOGY IN THE STUDY In this study, a qualitative approach was followed. Denzin and Lincoln (1999:166) state that qualitative research is multi-method in focus, involving an interpretive, naturalistic approach to its subject. It affords uncontrolled observation. The researcher does not attempt to manipulate the programme or its participants for purposes of the evaluation. It is ground discovery-oriented, explanatory, expansionist and descriptive. It is also process oriented and affords valid, real and deep data. It assumes a dynamic reality and looks at things holistically. (Baxter & Tight, 2001:65). In this research, 40 respondents who participated in the study were randomly sampled from their institutions of Higher Learning (See table 1.1 for respondents who are consisted of students and supervisors). From the 20 respondents, 10 were registered for Masters whilst the other 10 were for Doctoral studies. The remaining 20 respondents were supervisors who are more knowledgeable and experienced in postgraduate research supervision. All respondents are from the following countries in the African continent; Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland. Each country was represented by 08 respondents (04 students and 04 supervisors apiece). Table 1.1 is comprised of both male and female respondents who were fully involved when collecting data. For data collection, both interviews and questionnaires were used as research instruments for the study. S College Teaching Methods & Styles Journal – November 2008 Volume 4, Number 11 26 Table 1.1: Respondents (students and supervisors) Country Number of Respondents % Students Supervisors Total BOTSWANA 4 4 8 20 % LETSOTHO 4 4 8 20% NAMIBIA 4 4 8 20% SWAZILAND 4 4 8 20 % SOUTH AFRICA 4 4 8 20% 20 20 40 100 3. FINDINGS OF THE STUDY Various complexities and challenges were identified in the study (See figure 1.1 for supervisors' views regarding challenges encountered during the supervision process). Figure 1.1 Supervisors' views regarding challenges 3.1 Supervisory Relationship Dinham and Scott (1999), Knowles (1999) and Wisker and Sutcliffe (1999) view the relationship with supervisors as a key factor in study success. The most important ingredient in supervision is the healthy relationship between the two parties namely, supervisor and student. This relationship is compared to a rite of passage, an apprentice or marriage in community of property. In each of these relationships, many factors contribute to its 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% Quality of intake Plagiarism Corrections Language proficiency Supervisors' expertise College Teaching Methods & Styles Journal – November 2008 Volume 4, Number 11 27 success. Here, too, the student-supervisor relationship is affected by many issues requiring the supervisor to devote the undivided attention. The supervisor may have so many students all with different personalities, diverse cultures, research constraints and different research needs and interests. The relationship between the two parties should purely be of pedagogic nature and not familial or intimate relationship. Any personal relationships that may alter this pedagogic relationship may constitute a conflict of interest. Research conducted shows that female students are reportedly most affected by interpersonal relationship factors while male academic factors were more prominent (Seagram, Gould & Pyke, 2000, and Lussier, 1998). About 80% of the female students mentioned that male supervisors who lack professional etiquette force these postgraduates into sexual relationship (See figure 1.2 of students' views pertaining supervisory challenges). Open and frank discussions are encouraged between the supervisor and the student from the onset to avert potential squabbles which might be detrimental to the study. 3.2 Quality Of Intake In South African institutions of Higher Learning, the Honours degree is a prerequisite for Masters Registration. The Honours degree follows after the first undergraduate degree which has duration of three years. Some of the junior degrees have a programme of 4 years. In such cases, Honours is inbuilt and the student can register for Masters on successful completion of the programme. Although there are admission requirements which may range from Honours degree, average pass mark of 65% and Recognition of Prior Learning, there are exceptional cases which may be considered. In this study, 86% of supervisors reported that students who do not meet the requirements struggle in the completion of their Masters' programme. Where there is a structured Masters, students finish their course work but encounter serious problems in writing their dissertations. (See figure 1.1 of supervisors' views regarding supervisory challenges). As a result, such students end up being deregistered or given certificates for postgraduate diplomas. Chairpersons of Higher Degrees Committee are supposed to take this issue of quality seriously during the selection process to avoid high dropout rates. 3.3 Supervisor's Expertise During the interviews, it became evident that supervisors for postgraduate research students are appointed by the relevant director in the Faculty in consultation with the Dean. In some institutions, the Head of Department or the Higher Degrees Committee is in charge of appointment of these supervisors. Prior appointment of the supervisor, the concerned committee ensures that it assigns a competent and well grounded supervisor who will be able to guide the student to completion of the study. This supervisor should also have research interests appropriate for the research. Knowledgeable supervisors provide guidance to students in the choice of a researchable topic, problem identification, research design and methodology, data collection techniques, data analysis and interpretation and even recommendations. An expert is the first port of call for guidance in all matters of sound research practice. In general, supervisors should monitor student progress and ensure that they perform adequately. They should also help to keep their research students on track and on time, and also develop an expectation of timely submission. However, there are instances where supervisors may claim to be knowledgeable in certain research areas. Unfortunately students who are allocated to them suffer academically because they do not receive proper guidance at all. In this research, 74% of postgraduates complained about supervisors who cannot advice them about the nature and techniques of research, and about the required standard for the qualification. Although these supervisors are supposed to be accessible to postgraduate research students at appropriate times when advice is sought, they are hardly available. Instead they even provide destructive criticism as feedback of the student's work. (See figure 1.2 for further details). This discourages students in conducting their research. College Teaching Methods & Styles Journal – November 2008 Volume 4, Number 11 28 3.4 Corrections And Feedback Supervisors give written as well as oral feedback on any submitted work within a reasonable period of time after submission. This kind of feedback normally contains constructive criticism which enables the candidate to be aware of potential shortcomings. It is the responsibility of the student to seek and accept advice. This does not mean a slavish adherence to a supervisor's ideas but to accept that supervisors do have expertise in research supervision and that their advice should be taken into account. During the interviews, 69% (as reflected in figure 1.1) of supervisors indicated that 77% of postgraduate students are adamant in making corrections. There are instances whereby they ignore the changes required by the supervisor. Instead of effecting corrections to the supervisors' satisfaction, they still submit the same work without effecting corrections or make minor corrections. This is frustrating to the supervisor who spends sleepless nights trying to make sense of what is written by the student. Once the supervisor realizes that he is reading the same work that he marked without corrections being effected by the student, it results in unnecessary conf


Among the third world countries from Asia and Africa, power quality is one of the biggest problem still persists because unaffordable high tech solutions. Voltage control problem due to an adequate reactive power compensation and its improper control results in frequent cascade tripping of electrical supply system. In this paper efforts are made to provide a low cost solution to provide exact reactive power compensation at load end by thyristor binary switched capacitor with transient free switching of capacitor bank. A microcontroller based table top model has been developed and results are obtained. It shows excellent results which are plotted.


Feed formulation is a technique to be
learnt and refined by experience. To date
numerous descriptions have appeared
on the topic in nutrition textbooks. The
exercise, even when taught over and over
again, is difficult to cornprehend especially
by the beginners.


This research paper describes a solution diversity analysis of the final projects completed in an undergraduate engineering computing course. The course was taught by four different professors using three distinct instructional approaches. One professor used a distributed-expertise model, and the other three used traditional content-delivery methods. A distributed expertise model is a pedagogical approach where students specialize in different topic areas within the broader course subject. In the traditional sections, students were free to choose any application of computational thinking in which they were interested for their final project. Based on an analysis of the final projects submitted by students, these projects had a high diversity of applications but the computational tools that students selected for their analyses were very similar across all projects. In the distributed-expertise section, students were given a very scaffolded design problem as their final project. Each group of four students completed the same challenge; however, the ways they pieced together their distributed knowledge to solve the problem varied widely between groups. In other words, there was low solution diversity in application and a high diversity of processes used to solve the problem. This case study explores how the solution diversity of students' final project submissions varied across both the distributed-expertise section and the lecture-based and problem-based sections, and the ways in which the instructional models and final project prompts did or did not afford solution diversity in the final projects.


Free-lance professionals'work seems to be free,open and flexible,but they are confronted with great pressure in real life.Since most of them are not CPC members,it is greatly important to gradually improve the social security measures so that they can put into full play their contributions for the social stability,development and harmony.


The present study deals with the investigation of erstwhile undocumented fifty four samples of West Bengal honey from ten different floral origins sesame (Sesamum indicum), hizal (Barringtonia acutangula), mustard (Brassica spp.), drumstick (Moringa oleifera), litchi (Litchi chinensis), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.), karanza (Pongamia glabra), khalsi (Aegiceras corniculatum), goran (Ceriops decandra) and bain (Avicennia officinalis) for its quantification and comparison of antioxidative capacity by chemometrics. The average total polyphenol and flavonoid content of honeys varied from 9.9 ± 0.6 (bain) to 44.7 ± 2 mg (hizal) gallic acid equivalent and 5.12 ± 0.23 (drumstick) to 19.4 ± 1.38 (bain) mg of quercetin per 100 g respectively. Dark brown hizal honey with ABS450 value of 2055.6 mAU exhibited the most potent DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenger (IC50 = 23.92 ± 1.12 mg/mL) and a FRAP (ferric reducing ability of plasma) value of 381 ± 1.9μM Fe (II).


Objective:To summary the clinical experience of nursing care for duodenal nutrition tube application after the radical resection for esophageal cancer.Methods:Fifty-four esophageal cancer patients were observed which were early given intestines nutrition support therapeutical by duodenum nutrition tube after operation.Results:Among the 54 esophageal cancer patients with duodenum nutrition tube,eight patients felt throat pain and discomfort,duodenum nutrition tube was jammed in one case,abdomen expansion was occurred in four cases,diarrhea was occurred in one case,no other significant complications were occurred;malnutrition had been improved.Conclusions:Application of duodenal nutrition tube is safe and reliable,easy to implement,it will decrease the postoperative complication and the quality of life can be improved dramatically.


We study the scaling limit of essentially simple triangulations on the torus. We consider, for every $n\geq 1$, a uniformly random triangulation $G_n$ over the set of (appropriately rooted) essentially simple triangulations on the torus with $n$ vertices. We view $G_n$ as a metric space by endowing its set of vertices with the graph distance denoted by $d_{G_n}$ and show that the random metric space $(V(G_n),n^{-1/4}d_{G_n})$ converges in distribution in the Gromov-Hausdorff sense when $n$ goes to infinity, at least along subsequences, toward a random metric space. One of the crucial steps in the argument is to construct a simple labeling on the map and show its convergence to an explicit scaling limit. We moreover show that this labeling approximates the distance to the root up to a uniform correction of order $o(n^{1/4})$.


While in charge of the Laboratory of Bacteriology of the Indiana State Board of Health, in 1907, I had the opportunity of examining the brains of thirteen animals sent to the laboratory by health officers of the state. The disease from which these animals were suffering when they died or were killed was diagnosed by competent veterinarians or by physicians as hydrophobia or rabies. In making the examinations my aim was to prove the presence or absence of Negri bodies and to note in what proportion of cases in which the bodies were found was the subdural inoculation of a rabbit or guinea-pig productive of the symptoms of rabies. My method for determining the presence of the bodies was the smear method as used and described by Williams and Lowden. 1 In the preparation of these smears the technic is as follows: A small piece of the gray matter of


5G promises to offer a single network platform that can be optimized for several vertical industries and applications. It is envisioned that this optimization will be achieved through advanced network orchestration functionalities. Video streaming accounts for the vast majority of mobile traffic, hence optimizing performance and Quality of Experience (QoE) for video traffic becomes crucial for the next generation (5G) mobile networks. In this paper, we focus on video streaming applications based on MPEG-DASH (Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP), a technology that dynamically adapts to changing network conditions by requesting content in chunks encoded at different bitrates, and which is used by major streaming services like Netflix and YouTube. The adaptation process of DASH clients may be speeded up by using the recently standardized MPEG-DASH SAND (Server and Network-assisted DASH) protocol, which envisions the presence of a DANE (DASH-Aware Network Element) in the network providing real-time network bandwidth information to DASH clients. However, when DASH clients do not request the content at the bitrate recommended by the DANE, i.e. they ignore SAND messages or purposely request content at higher bitrates, bandwidth may end up being used in suboptimal way and end users will likely end up receiving poor playback experience, especially on shared bottlenecks. In this paper, we address this issue by combining SAND with network orchestration, where we use advanced SDN (Software Defined Networking) capabilities to have the network enforce the bandwidths selected by the DANE for each individual DASH client, and we demonstrate this concept in the state of the art 5G testbed of the H2020 TRIANGLE project.


The effects of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ on the adult β-cell have been well described: a reduction of insulin secretion and content and death of the cell. For this reason and because these cytokines may be released from activated lymphocytes and macrophages that infiltrate islets in insulin-dependent diabetes, they have been implicated in the pathophysiology of this form of diabetes. As to whether the human fetal β-cell, which differs from the adult β-cell in not releasing insulin in response to the nutrient glucose and not being adversely affected by the toxin streptozotocin, is similarly affected is unknown. To examine this question we cultured monolayers of a single cell suspension of human fetal pancreas in the presence or absence of 1000 U/mL of these cytokines for 7 days. Chronic insulin release was enhanced for the first 2 days of culture, but unchanged thereafter. Acute insulin release in response to the secretagogue theophylline (10 mM) was enhanced on day 7, but not ...


Rhododendron liboense, a new species of the Ericaceae from Libo County, Guizhou, China, is described and illustrated. This species is related to R. huianum Fang in having inflorescence terminal, corolla pink, broadly campanulate, ovary densely white glandular hairy, stigma capitate, but differs by having leaves narrower, 1.6-2.8 cm broad, inflorescence axis 1-3 cm long, flowers 7-9 in number, ca. 8 cm in diameter, calyx shorter and smaller, only 1-2 mm long.


Mathematic is often perceived as difficult subject by most students, even from engineering background. However, previous studies have shown that technology has proven to help students learn mathematics in a fun and easy way. In this study, we developed a learning tool with the objective to determine the prospect of learning engineering mathematical courses using an interactive learning tool developed with Maple 2016. We also measure the inclination of using the tool as part of teaching and learning in classroom. There are 40 Students from 2 different classes took part in the study. They are in the fourth semester of engineering program at a selected local university. The process starts by briefing the students on how to use the tool. Students are then answering several questions on a selected topic from vector calculus chapter. Later, they were given a set of two-part questionnaire. The first part was used to investigate the students' perception on the learning tool. The second part was used to evaluate the students' willingness in using the tool in classroom for solving vector calculus problems. While the tool require some improvements, students are likely to use it as part of learning in classroom.


All platinum group element (PGE) abundances of a standard rock JP-1 are determined by isotope dilution method (for Ru, Pd, Os, Ir and Pt) and external calibration method (only for Rh) using ICP-MS combined with a fire assay preconcentration technique. The errors range 13–25% (2σ; n = 5), which are comparable with those by the similar methods combined with chemical separation of PGE (Pearson and Woodland, 2000; Meisel et al., 2001). Large deviations between our data and preferable values proposed by the Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ) are observed for Os and Ir. The scattered Os data might be indicative of heterogeneity of Os in JP-1. From various viewpoints, it seems likely that our Ir data are much more reliable than the preferable values proposed by GSJ.


Dual active bridge (DAB) converters are becoming one of the most reliable interfaces due to their high voltage range, easy realization of zero voltage switching (ZVS), galvanic isolation, etc. To meet specific consumer requirements in DC microgrids, DAB converters operate with different topologies. In this paper, a finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC)-based power sharing control is proposed when DAB converters are in different structures which are input series-output series, input parallel-output parallel, input parallel-output series, and input parallel-output parallel connecting structures. By analyzing the power balance relationship of the input port and output port, it determines the variable (input voltage/current or output voltage/current) which should be controlled to realize the power sharing. And then the cost function is designed based on the control strategy. Besides, this paper proposes a Kalman filter based parameter estimation method for the DAB converter. In this case, it guarantees the robustness of the MPC algorithm. Finally, the simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Study of the revolving fund plus model as an effort to alleviate poverty in batu tourism area . General aim of this study is to build a proper institution which able to enlarge an opportunities to the poor to become an integral part of the tourism sector. Specific aim of this first year study are: to describe the tourism economic structure in research area of Batu; to describe the relationship intensity between tourism industry and the local economy; to identify the capacity of economic resources of the poor households in term of education level, skills, and capital accessibility; and to identify the social capital and the existence and the nature of local institutions.Analysis unit of this study are : the tourism business unit, the tourists; and the poor household.This study found that : The tourism sector has significance role in the economic structure of Batu. The relationship between tourism industry and local economy is high. Man power, local fruits and vegetable are the main production input for the tourism businesses. Education level of the poor household members is not so low. However, for high level positions in modern tourists industry was mostly filled by people from other area. The role of formal economic institutions such as banks and cooperative business unit in study are not significant for the poor. In order to gain additional capital, the poor mostly rely on the traditional capital accumulation revolving system (Arisan). Beside Arisan, social capital of the poor is also accumulated trough social and religious gathering.


Although the Interface Hypothesis (IH) posits that structures involving an interface between syntax and discourse may be vulnerable to permanent residual optionality (Sorace, 2011, 2012), several studies have found that nearnative learners are able to acquire discourse knowledge to a nativelike level in relation to Spanish CLLD (Slabakova et al., 2012 and more) and similar structures in other languages. While the research on L2 acquisition of CLLD has used several methodologies such as acceptability judgment tasks, sentence selection tasks, and sentence completion tasks, the discussion is still missing data from production tasks. Three groups of learners (nearnative, advanced, and intermediate) responded to questions that required either CLLD or contrastive answers (focus fronting and/or clefts) on a production task. The data collected for the present study shows a tendency toward convergence between Spanish native speakers and very advanced learners of Spanish as a second language. The data also found the complete convergence of one of the eighteen learners. While the data from the most advanced learners as a group could be seen as evidence for permanent optionality, the individual data from the mentioned participant challenges the claims made by the supporters of the IH.


The solution of the principal economic task, proposed by the new Party Program, i.e., the creation of the material and technical basis of communism, presumes the achievement of considerable superiority in labor productivity over the economically more advanced capitalist countries.


In this study, active control of free and forced vibration of rotating thin laminated composite cylindrical shells embedded with two magnetostrictive layers is investigated by means of classical shell theory. The shell is subjected to harmonic load which is exerted to inner surface of the shell in thickness direction.  The velocity feedback control method is used in order to obtain the control law. The vibration equations of the rotating cylindrical shell are extracted by means of Hamilton principle while the effects of initial hoop tension, centrifugal and Coriolis accelerations are considered in the vibration equations. The differential equations of the rotating cylindrical shell are converted to ordinary differential equations by means of modified Galerkin method.  The displacement of the shell is obtained using modal analysis. The free vibration results of this study are validated by comparison with the results of open literature. Also, the validity of the forced vibration results is proved by comparison with the fourth order Runge-Kutta method's result. Finally, the effects of several parameters including circumferential wave number, rotational velocity, the whole orthotropic layers thickness, magnetostrictive layers thickness, length, the amplitude and exciting frequency of the load on the vibration characteristics of the rotating cylindrical shell are investigated.


We have studied the surface geometry and shadows of Schwarzschild black hole with a halo containing the quadrupolar and octopolar terms. We found the quadrupole term makes the Schwarzschild black hole prolate for the quadrupole strength $\mathcal{Q}<0$ and oblate for $\mathcal{Q}>0$, and the octopole term makes shadow stretch upward for the octopolar strength $\mathcal{O}<0$ and stretch downward for $\mathcal{O}>0$. The shadow of Schwarzschild black hole with halo stretches and squeezes along the horizontal direction for $\mathcal{Q}<0$ and $\mathcal{Q}>0$ respectively. Meanwhile, black hole shadow shifts upward for $\mathcal{O}<0$ and shifts downward for $\mathcal{O}>0$. We exhibited the light rays that form the shadow boundary to explain the emergence of the extraordinary patterns of black hole shadow with the quadrupole and octopole terms. From the observable width $W$, height $H$, oblateness $K$ and distortion parameter $\delta_{c}$ of black hole shadow, one can determine the quadrupole and octopolar strengths of Schwarzschild black hole with halo. Our results show that the quadrupolar and octopolar terms yield a series of interesting patterns for the shadow of a Schwarzschild black hole with halo.


We have demonstrated the effectiveness of 3D resection specimen scanning for communicating margin results. We now address the corresponding surgical defect by debuting 3D defect models, which allow for accurate annotations of harvested supplemental margins.


Recent Los .Alamos investigations suggest that a liquefied noble element may be the long sought medium for a nuclear-excited laser or flashlamp. This report suggests research needed tc confirm this finding and to provide a basis for design and applicatio-t studies. Quantitative and qualitative information are needed on the nature and behavior of the excited species, the effects of impurities and additives in the liquid phase• under nuclear excitation, and the existence and magnitudes of nonlinear effects. Questions that need to be addressed and the most approptiate types of facilities for this tisk are identified.


Rainfall estimates from the KDIX (Fort Dix, New Jersey) WSR-88D radar (Fig.1) show several locations that received heavy precipitation. While most the radar coverage area received at least one inch of rain, excessive rainfall occurred from southeastern Berks County to northwestern Chester County in Pennsylvania, and also across southern New Castle County and northern Kent County in Delaware. A third area of excessive rainfall was found from Philadelphia County in Pennsylvania to western Ocean County in New Jersey, including much of Burlington County. The majority of the excessive rainfall, particularly over New Jersey, occurred in just a 4-hour period during the late afternoon and early evening hours, approximately from 2200 UTC (600 pm EDT) to 0200 UTC on 13 July (1000 pm EDT on 12 July.)


The perfect molding must have unity and variety,so "unity and variety" is the rule that the tractor molding design have to observe.To get unity from the variety and to get variety from the unity are indispensable two aspects about tractor's perfect molding."To get unity from the variety" mainly embodies three aspects,that is,unity and harmonization of tractor line type,color and main scales."To get variety from the unity" mainly shows contrasts of tractor's line type and color,and outstanding points of tractor's molding.


Algorithmic game theory studies computational and algorithmic questions arising from the behavior of players in strategic situations. The computational aspects of game theory became subject to closer scrutiny in the last two decades. One reason for this is certainly the advent of large scale communication networks – most prominently the Internet. Modern technology allows to monitor, evaluate, and influence the behavior of interacting agents in large systems. One may think of many (future) applications including distribution of goods and services in auctions, allocation of resources, routing of data packages, or regulation of vehicle traffic. One of the main contributions of game theory is the ability to predict how these games will be played. The most commonly used solution concepts are equilibrium concepts that describe which strategies will be adopted by players. One of the central challenges in algorithmic game theory is to characterize the computational complexity of such equilibria. Results in this direction yield important indicators if game-theoretic solution concepts are plausible outcomes of competitive environments in practice. Furthermore, computational complexity is of practical importance if one desires to predict or influence the outcome of a strategic situation in a large-scale environment. In this work, we answer fundamental complexity theoretic questions about several equilibrium concepts. We investigate the complexity of problems regarding the existence, recognition, and computation of Nash equilibria, strong equilibria, and sink equilibria. Probably the most prominent solution concept in (non-cooperative) game theory is the Nash equilibrium – a strategy profile, from which no player can profitably unilaterally deviate. A refinement of Nash equilibria is the concept of strong equilibrium – a strategy profile, from which no coalition wants to jointly deviate. We also study the dynamics that emerge when players iteratively play best responses. That is, in each time step one of the players chooses his optimal strategy given that strategies of the other players are fixed. We identify games in which this process converges to an equilibrium and study the duration of


Please cite this paper as: del Rosal et al. (2011) Pandemic H1N1 influenza‐associated hospitalizations in children in Madrid, Spain. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 5(6), e544–e551.


We provide a systematic study of sesquilinear hermitian forms and a new proof of the calculus of some exponential sums defined with quadratic hermitian forms. The computation of the number of solutions of equations such as TrFt/Fs (f (x)+v.x) = 0 or Tr Ft/Fs (f (x)) = a allows us to construct codes and to obtain their parameters.


The aim of this paper is to identify the gaps of confined space risk assessment tools practised by Industry Code of Practice for Safe Working in Confined Space in Malaysia (ICOP 2010) comparing with the requirements of International Standard of Risk Management-Risk Assessment Technique (ISO 31010). There are 5 parts of Risk Assessment Element under the ICOP 2010, namely Part 1: The work to be undertaken, Part 2: The range of possible methods which can be used, Part 3: The present hazards, Part 4: Details of the actual method to be used for the particular work and Part 5: Procedure for rescue and emergency services will be analysed to identify the gaps. The list of risk assessment tools based on selected Journals including Checklist, Risk Scale, Risk Calculation, Ishikawa 5 Steps, Risk Estimation, Flexible Risk Assessment, Bowtie Risk Assessment, Hybrid Risk Assessment, Three Steps Construction Job Analysis and Risk Assessment Model will be mapped as a proposed Risk Assessment tools for ICOP 2010. The final outcomes of the review will help to improvise the existing Risk Assessment under the ICOP 2010 to be more operationally effective and can help to reduce the numbers of confined space accidents in Malaysia.


47Background: Several studies report dense infiltration of tumour-infiltrating T cells and natural killer cells to be associated with an improved prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC); but whether these associations differ by tumour location remain unknown. This study investigated the prognostic impact of immune cell infiltration in CRC, with particular reference to the anatomical subsite of the primary tumour. Methods: Immunohistochemical expression of CD3, CD8, FoxP3, and CD56 was analysed in tissue microarrays with tumours from 557 incident CRC cases from a prospective population-based cohort. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were applied to determine the impact of biomarker expression on 5-year overall survival (OS), in the entire cohort and in subgroup analysis of right colon, left colon, and rectum. Results: In the entire cohort, dense infiltration of all the investigated immune cells correlated significantly with an improved 5-year OS in both univariable and multivariable analysis, adjusted ...


Based on static laser writing data, we show that the writing characteristics of Te and Te-alloy films, which have a variety of crystalline structures and void densities, can be well explained by combining a two-regime hole opening model with the well known reversible (crystalline to amorphous transition) writing process.


Introduction. Primal Representations - Three-Month-Old Tina. Containment -Maternal Music and Paternal Worlds With Three-Month-Old Frida. What Does a Baby Understand? - Eight-Month-Old Karen. An Infant's Experience of Mother's Depression - Sixteen-Month-Old Beate. The Infant "Within " the Adult - Interacting With Monica. The Living Fossil - Tristan's Urvergessen. Classical Concepts Revisited I - Primal Represssion. Classical Concepts Revisited II - Infantile Sexuality. Classical Concepts Revisited III - Transference. Mother-Infant Psychoanalytic Treatment - Does it Work? Epilogue.


The significance of being an intellectual when taken prisoner and sent to a concentration camp by the Nazis is rarely discussed – instead, the importance of being either a Jew or a political prisoner (say, a German communist) is highlighted. By contrast, Jean Amery's recollections of being tortured and sent to Auschwitz concentrate on his self-understanding as an intellectual. What difference does the identity and outlook as an intellectual make in the extreme circumstances found in Auschwitz? The paper discusses Amery's views on this question, invoking that of others who have also addressed it, like Primo Levi and Theodor Adorno.


Fuzzy mathematics and grey correlation method were used to build evaluation model of karst ecosystem health,with the indices consisting of structure and functions,sustainable use of capacity and dynamic change.Three karst areas including Guilin,Kunming and Bijie area were selected for case study,and results indicated that Bijie area which is in sub-health status ranked the last while Guilin and Kunming is in the change between first and second as the health state.The advantages and disadvantages between the two methods can provide a scientific basis for programming and protecting of karst ecology.


Objective To explore the strategy for management of unexpected gallbladder carcinoma after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Method A retrospective clinicopathologic study was performed on 14 patients with unexpected gallbladder carcinoma discovered during or afer laparoscopic cholecystectomy from 1997 to 2001. Results There were 12 women and 2 men, with a mean age of 65.4 years. Of these patients ,the preoperative diagnosis was gallbladder polyps in 1 case, and gallstone cholecystitis in 13 cases(92.8%). Six patients underwent complete laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 7 patients were converted to an open procedure and the other one received only tumor biopsy under laparoscopy. Postoperative TNM staging: stage 0, 1 case; stageⅠ, 4 cases; stage Ⅱ, 3 cases; stage Ⅲ, 3 cases; and stage Ⅳb, 3 cases. By the end of 80 monthes of the follow-up period, 5 patients were still alive; the survival time was over 36 months in 4 cases and the longest survival was 68 months. Conclusions Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is not suitable for gallbladder carcinoma. Frozen-section examination is recommended for suspected lesions during LC. For cases with invasion deeper than the muscular layer, a conversion to open surgery or a secondary radical surgery is indicated in order to achieve better prognosis.


Massive stars briefly pass through the yellow supergiant (YSG) phase as they evolve redward across the H-R diagram and expand into red supergiants (RSGs). Higher-mass stars pass through the YSG phase again as they evolve blueward after experiencing significant RSG mass loss. These post-RSG objects offer us a tantalizing glimpse into which stars end their lives as RSGs and why. One telltale sign of a post-RSG object may be an instability to pulsations, depending on the star's interior structure. Here we report the discovery of five YSGs with pulsation periods faster than 1 day, found in a sample of 76 cool supergiants observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite at a two-minute cadence. These pulsating YSGs are concentrated in an H-R diagram region not previously associated with pulsations; we conclude that this is a genuine new class of pulsating star, fast yellow pulsating supergiants (FYPSs). For each FYPS, we extract frequencies via iterative prewhitening and conduct a time-frequency analysis. One FYPS has an extracted frequency that is split into a triplet, and the amplitude of that peak is modulated on the same timescale as the frequency spacing of the triplet; neither rotation nor binary effects are likely culprits. We discuss the evolutionary status of FYPS and conclude that they are candidate post-RSGs. All stars in our sample also show the same stochastic low-frequency variability found in hot OB stars and attributed to internal gravity waves. Finally, we find four α Cygni variables in our sample, of which three are newly discovered.


This paper presents a method to track human body parts in 3D video sequences for character animation production. A voxel-based Local Shape Histogram descriptor is first extracted as geometric features. A graph-based Multiple Objects Tracking scheme is then used to track these features. Finally, the evaluation against a publicly available real 3D video database demonstrates the performance.


The Category Test ( C T ) has been found to be the most sensitive test of brain damage of Halstead's Neuropsychological Battery (Reitan, 1 9 5 5 ) . The original factor analysis on the test by Halstead (1947) suggested that this test is primarily a measure of abstraction abil~ry D~ffe t ing levels of ability to abstract may reflect differences in intellectual ability as suggested by Knights and Tymchuk (1968) in noting that intelligence is related to over-all error on the children's CT. The present srudy examined correlations among performance on the seven subsets of the C T and performance on the subtests and four f3ctors1 (Cohen, 1957) of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) . Twenry-nine adults between the ages of 16 and 35 yr. served as Ss (M,,, = 23 yr.). Fifteen Ss were staff members of a rehabilitation center and 1 4 were clients, none of whom had been diagnosed as suffering from a neurological problem. The WAIS and the C T were administered to all Ss in random order on alternate days. Since we wished to compare performance on the individual subtests of the WAIS, the differing ages of Ss were dealt with by converting taw scores on subtescs to scaled scores according to age as prescribed by Wechsler (1955) . A verbal toral ( V T ) , performance total ( P T ) , and a full scale total (FST) were achieved by adding the respective values and totals. Product-moment correlations were calculated between the total error and for each subset error score on the C T and each WAIS subtest, WAIS totals and Cohen's factors. C T subsets 1 and 2 appeared to be relatively independent of intelligence. Of the 18 coefficients calculated for subset 3, 1 4 were significant ( p = .05). Eighty-eight of the remaining 9 0 coefficients (for subsets 4 to 7 ) were significant ( p < .05) . The WAIS FST appeared to be the best predictor of C T performance, its highest correlations being with subset 6 and the total error scores ( r = -.90, 3 7 ) . Of the 20 correlations 19 between C T subsets 3 to 7 and Cohen's four factors were significant (@ = . 05 ) . Total error score on the C T produced correlation with the factors of verbal comprehension ( .84) , perceptual organization ( .72), memory ( 1.00), and general intellectual functioning ( .76) . These data are not consistent with use of the C T to differentiate organicity independent of intelligence. REFERENCES COHEN, J. A. A factor-analytically based rationale for the Wechsler Adult lntelligence Scale. Journal of Consulring Psychology, 1957, 21, 45 1-459. HALSTEAD, W. C, Brain and intelligence. Chicago: Univer. of Chicago Press, 1947. KNIGHTS, R. M., & TYMCHUK, A. S. An evaluation of the Halsread-Reitan Category tests for children. Cortex, 1968, 4 , 403-414. REITAN, R. M. Investigation of the validity of Halstead's measure of biological intelligence. A.M.A. A~chives of Netdrology and Psychiatry, 1955, 73, 28-35. WECHSLER, D. Manual for the Ivechsler Adult lntelligence Scale. New York: Psychological Corp., 1955. Accepied Decem bes 2, 1970.


A general situation assessment search strategy, based on the representation of situation transfer graph, is proposed, and the process of situation assessment is looked upon that of identification and search of situation path in the graph. In the proposed algorithm, Bayesian path classifier is used to classify target situation that is probably reached, Parzen window algorithm is used to modify the conditional probability density of each situation path, and the search in situation graph is realized via the improved depth-first search algorithm. In the experiment, the method had been successfully applied in the running state assessment system of Hydro-generators of Hydroelectric Simulation System of Jilin Fengman. The performance takes precedence over that of the traditional method.


ESSENTIAL or iodiopathic hematuria, while not an uncommon condition, and not attended by any marked mortality, is nevertheless alarming to the patient, and has a marked tendency to recur. The pathology of the condition, as shown in a case in which the kidney was removed, consisted of hemorrhagic patches in the cortex of the kidney. The etiology of the condition is obscure. In one case it was invariably associated with some acute infection, as "a cold in the head" in another case it began following rough harvesting operations, such as riding a "binder." Attacks nearly always recur at stated intervals, especially during periods of mental excitement or strain. The onset is insidious, there usually being no pain or frequency, and only slight burning. The first thing noticed is the passing of blood. The diagnosis is made by the cystoscope. Bright blood is seen in the efflux from the mouth of the ureter, on the affected side. A pyelogram is normal. Long-continued examination has ruled out tuberculosis and malig...


--Prior to European settlement of North America, Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) bred throughout much of the continent in tall trees near productive shallow-water f eshwater bodies. Ospreys need exposed locations to build their large nests, often in dead tops of older trees or snags in beaver swamps. Historical nest sites are poorly documented, but timber extraction and shoreline development have undoubtedly removed many preferred nest trees, likely causing population declines. Widespread use of persistent organochlorine pesticides after 1945 caused dramatic declines of breeding ospreys. Since bans on these toxins were imposed in the 1970s, most populations have increased at average rates up to 15% per year. Ospreys have adapted well to nesting on a wide range of artificial substrates, and in some areas up to 70% of nests are now on such structures. In many areas nowadays, up to 80% of tree nests occur within 500 m of open water. It is difficult to know what this figure was historically since more recent forest management often retains trees in shoreline buffer zones primarily for recreational and landscape reasons. Other important factors currently affecting breeding ospreys are: nest predation from raccoons (Procyon lotor) and Great Horned Owls (Bubo virginianus), degradation and loss of foraging areas, human disturbance and Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) population increases. Forestry guidelines protecting Osprey habitat vary considerably among regions. Maintaining nonintervention buffer zones around Osprey nest trees results in substantial lost profit for foresters, yet the ecological basis for such zones is often unclear. Systematic studies of breeding Ospreys in relation to different forestry practices, and associated activities, are needed to provide more consistent, realistic and integrated conservation advice to resource managers.


neuropeptide mRNA expression Claire Thornton, Alessandro Sardini and David Carling From MRC Cellular Stress Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Du Cane Road, LONDON W12 0NN, United Kingdom. Running Title: AMPK regulates neuropeptide mRNA expression Address correspondence to Claire Thornton, MRC Cellular Stress Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Du Cane Road, LONDON, W12 0NN, United Kingdom. Tel: +44 (0)20 8383 2097, Fax: +44 (0)20 8383 8514, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com.


The invention belongs to the field of gas sensitive materials, and particularly relates to a high-molecular gas sensitive material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The invention provides the high-molecular gas sensitive material which is a composite material having a conductive network structure and prepared from electro-woven nylon nanometer fiber films modified by conductive fillers. The high-molecular gas sensitive material disclosed by the invention can be used for solving the problem of impossible coexistence of high responsibility and good reversibility and is quite high in responsibility, response rate, resilience speed and recycle rate.


In modern electronic warfare, the complexity of electromagnetic environment makes it more and more difficult to identify the emitter. Because of the uncertainty of battlefield situation, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of radar signal is different, which affects the accuracy of emitter identification process. Normally, the amount of the received emitter signal may be small, so the selection of classifier has a great impact on the recognition result. Traditional support vector machine (SVM) has high classification accuracy and strong generalization ability for small sample data, which can solve this problem well. Considering the different contribution of features to individual recognition, we propose an improved SVM algorithm with weight optimization, and apply it to the problem of individual recognition of emitter under the condition of different SNR. The correctness and validity of the algorithm are verified by simulation experiments.


Denmark provides a good example for testing the contemporary meaning of social class. Income differences are relatively contained while the redistributive policies of the Welfare State, public services and taxation play an important role, even though traditional inequalities (in terms of economic wealth, life expectancy or access to secondary education) still persist. The paper analyzes the mechanisms through which inequalities and class distinctions are translated into other types of categorization, in the case of the city of Aalborg, an old industrial town and a bastion of trade-unionism that has recently embraced a turn toward post-industrial economic development. The paper scrutinizes both the representations of the city and of its social subdivisions as they appear in the printed media, and the actual perception of social divisions as they are collected from a series of interviews with the inhabitants of Aalborg. Beyond their differences, these two different sets of data highlight the persistence of 'class talk', but also the tendency to dissimulate its assumptions: class-based inequalities are thus perceived indirectly and in a fuzzy way.


It is critical to ensure that network policy remains consistent during state transitions. However, existing techniques impose a high cost in update delay, and/or FIB space. We propose the Customizable Consistency Generator (CCG), a fast and generic framework to support customizable consistency policies during network updates. CCG effectively reduces the task of synthesizing an update plan under the constraint of a given consistency policy to a verification problem, by checking whether an update can safely be installed in the network at a particular time, and greedily processing network state transitions to heuristically minimize transition delay. We show a large class of consistency policies are guaranteed by this greedy heuristic alone; in addition, CCG makes judicious use of existing heavier-weight network update mechanisms to provide guarantees when necessary. As such, CCG nearly achieves the "best of both worlds": the efficiency of simply passing through updates in most cases, with the consistency guarantees of more heavyweight techniques. Mininet and physical testbed evaluations demonstrate CCG's capability to achieve various types of consistency, such as path and bandwidth properties, with zero switch memory overhead and up to a 3× delay reduction compared to previous solutions.


Experiments were conducted in a scramjet direct-connected wind tunnel facility with a combustion heater,which supplies Mach 2.7 airflow with a total temperature of 1 337 K.The drags of struts with different heights(H=37.5,71 mm) and sweepback angles(0°,30°,45°) were studied by a thrust-measuring system.Experimental results in cold flow indicate that,the drag of strut rises with increase of height and declines with increase of sweepback angles.The drags of struts under combustion condition of different fuel equivalence ratios were investigated.It is found that the drag of strut under combustion condition is less than that in cold flow,and declines with increase of fuel equivalence ratio.


We describe a novel Geometric Localized Routing (GLR) protocol in Disruption (Delay) Tolerant Network (DTN). Although DTNs do not guarantee the connectivity of the network all the time, geometric location information still could be used to make routing decisions in a store and forward way. Geometric planar spanners, especially local Delaunay triangulation can also be used in DTN to provide a good routing graph with constant stretch factor and shorter paths during communication. In this work, we design local distributed solutions to extract spanning trees from Local Delaunay Triangulation Graphs in the direction from source to destination. Our protocol resorts to flooding packets along the trees and with high probability packets are delivered with low delay. Through experimentation, we have shown that the proposed routing protocol achieves higher delivery ratio with lower delay and limited storage requirement than the benchmark epidemic routing protocol.


Objective To analyze the clinical diagnosis and treatment of the patients with hyperthyroid heard disease in our hospital in the past four years,to enhance preventive consciousness,and to discuss the reasons of misdiagnosis.Methods The clinical manifestations and curative effect of thirty patients with hyperthyroid heard disease in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed,regarding clinical manifestation,treatment and prevent.Results the misdiagnosis rate of hyperthyroid heard disease was 16.7%.in all 30 patients with antithyroid drugs treatment,22 cases were cured,7 cases were improved and 1 case was dead.Conclusion Patients in the early stage and the young patients with hyperthyroid heard disease can fully recover after proper treatment.on the contrary,patients in the long stage and the older patients were poor prognosis.The key to cure hyperthyroid heard disease is the early diagnosis,avoiding misdiagnosis and appropriate treatment.


'According to informational semantics, if it's necessary that a creature can't distinguish Xs from Ys, it follows that the creature can't have a concept that applies to Xs but not Ys.' (Fodor, 1994, p. 32) There is, indeed, a form of informational semantics that has this verificationist implication. The original definition of information given in Dretske's Knowledge and the Flow of Information (1981, hereafter KFI), when employed as a base for a theory of intentional representation or 'content,' has this implication. I will argue that, in fact, most of what an animal needs to know about its environment is not available as natural information of this kind. It is true, I believe, that there is one fundamental kind of perception that depends on this kind of natural information, but more sophisticated forms of inner representation do not. It is unclear, however, exactly what 'natural information' is supposed to mean, certainly in Fodor's, and even in Dretske's writing. In many places, Dretske seems to employ a softer notion than the one he originally defines. I will propose a softer view of natural information that is, I believe, at least hinted at by Dretske, and show that it does not have verificationist consequences. According to this soft informational semantics, a creature can perfectly well have a representation of Xs without being able to discriminate Xs from Ys.