Most of feudal dynasties tended to penetrate central powers to border regions, making their legal systems localized and institutionalized for the political attempt of stabilizing border regions under the control of central government. Stability and order are necessary conditions for the normal operation of society, where a set of rules are required. Laws particularly civil laws are products of ethnic spirit, so all ethnic groups should have their respective laws. Since the feudal empires neglected such ethnic issues, the convergence of civil laws developed much slower than criminal laws, yet the convergence and diversification coexisted in this slow evolution.


With the emergence of new social attitudes and styles over the last ten years or so, many of the more old‐established menswear retailers found themselves losing business to the trend‐setters. But Homes have built their product range on "life style", based on a belief that the Hornes customer is an individual and not a demographic category. This article discusses the management approach of an organisation which has grown from a loosely structured family firm into a company with a 1976 turnover of more than £10m.


ObjectiveTo investigate the level and effect of serum eosinopnil cation protein (ECP) and total IgE (tIgE) in infants with severe eczema.The levels of ECP and tIgE in serum of 31 infants with eczema and 25 normal infants were measured by immunofluorescence with pharmacin UniCAP detecting system.The level of serum ECP and tIgE of infants with eczema[ECP(54.63±23.25)μg/L, tIgE( 56.00 ±22.47) μg/L] was obviously higher than that of normal infants [ECP(7.39±1.57)μg/L,tIgE(17.11± 6.69 ) μg/L] (P0.01 ). And the level of ECP was positively related with that of tIgE in infants with eczema(r=0.72, P0.01).[Conclusion]ECP and tIgE may be involved in the pathogenesis of eczema in infants.


Aim: 1.To determine the prevalence, etiopathogenesis and clinical manifestations of oculomotor nerve palsies, 2. an analysis of incidence of various ophthalmic manifestations carried out. Methods: The present clinical study comprises of patients who attended the ophthalmology out – patient department and patients who are admitted in neurology department. 36 newly diagnosed cases of isolated oculo motor nerve palsy or paralysis seen in Gov. Gen. Hospital, Vijayawada during the period of two and half years ,were included in the study. Inclusion of Criteria is Patients with isolated third cranial nerve palsy were included in this study. Exclusion criteria is Patients with Myasthenia gravis, Myopatheies and Thyroid Ophthalmopathy were excluded in this study. Obeservation: There were 36 patients with isolated third cranial palsy. The mean age was 54.6 , maximum patients i.e. 16(44.4%)were in the age group of 4-60 years.The male and female ratio was 3:2, all the patients has unilateral involvement. Pupil was involved in 28% of cases, pupil was spread in majority of the cases72% with vascular aetiology , when compare to others. Pupil was involved in more than 50% of the cases, with head trauma.The commonest cause vascular micro angiopathy (42%) which was either due to uncontrolled diabetes mellitus or systemic hypertension or combination of both. The aetiology was undetermined in 28% of the cases in spite of neuro imaging have been done in all cases. Head trauma was accounted for 19% of the cases. Other causes 16% include par nasal sinus diseases (4) cases and Tubercular meningitis (2)cases. Spontaneous recovery occurred in 75% cases over period of 6 months. Vascular lesions had the best recovery rates (80%). Poor recovery 43% was seen in all cases with head trauma. All cases associated with Para nasal sinus disease recovered with treatment. Causes of paralysis still remain undetermined in some cases, but the prognosis for these cases is good. Conclusion: The prevalence of isolated oculoomotor nerve palsies are maximum in the age group of 41-60 (44.4%) The incidence of male and female ratio was 3:2.Vascular diseases were play a major role (41%) in the etiology of oculo motor nerve palsies. Head trauma (19.4%) accounts the most second common cause for oculomotor nerve palsies. The etiology was undetermined in (28%) of the cases in spite of neuro imaging been done in all the cases. Vascular lesions had the best recovery rates (80%) in cases over a period of 6 months. In head trauma cases poor recovery rate about (43%). Vascular micro angiopathy (41%) cases were either due to uncontrolled diabetes mellitius or systemic hypertension or both. All cases with associated par nasal sinus diseases recovered with treatment.


Studies indicate that the quality of the doctor–patient relationship moderates the effect of pharmacotherapy. To enhance the quality of the therapeutic relationship in the pharmacotherapy of depression, we developed a brief manual with interactive materials for residents in psychiatry and their patients. In a pilot study at a psychiatric university hospital's outpatient department, we compared patient-centered treatment parameters of a first patient group treated as usual and a second patient group treated using the manual. The study had no influence on the choice of medication. In the manual group, patient satisfaction with the doctor–patient relationship increased significantly at the three-month follow-up. Depression parameters declined in both groups, without group differences. Continuation of antidepressant medication at six months was higher in the manual group. In conclusion, a simple intervention using written materials for doctors prescribing antidepressants improved doctors' and patients' satisfaction with treatment.


The amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) constitutes a limiting step in sodium reabsorption across distal airway epithelium and controlling mucociliary clearance. ENaC is activated by serine proteases secreted in the extracellular milieu. In cystic fibrosis lungs, high concentrations of secreted neutrophil elastase (NE) are observed. hNE could activate ENaC and contribute to further decreased mucociliary clearance. The aims of this study were (i) to test the ability of an engineered human neutrophil elastase inhibitor (EPI-hNE4) to specifically inhibit the elastase activation of ENaC-mediated amiloride-sensitive currents (INa) and (ii) to examine the effect of elastase on cell surface expression of ENaC and its cleavage pattern (exogenous proteolysis). Oocytes were exposed to hNE (10–100 μg/ml) and/or trypsin (10 μg/ml) for 2–5 min in the presence or absence of EPI-hNE4 (0.7 μm). hNE activated INa 3.6-fold (p < 0.001) relative to non-treated hENaC-injected oocytes. EPI-hNE4 fully inhibited hNE-activated INa but had no effect on trypsin- or prostasin-activated INa. The co-activation of INa by hNE and trypsin was not additive. Biotinylation experiments revealed that cell surface γ ENaC (but not α or β ENaC) exposed to hNE for 2 min was cleaved (as a 67-kDa fragment) and correlated with increased INa. The elastase-induced exogenous proteolysis pattern is distinct from the endogenous proteolysis pattern induced upon preferential assembly, suggesting a causal relationship between γ ENaC cleavage and ENaC activation, taking place at the plasma membrane.


In his influential paper, "The Tragedy of the Commons," Garrett Hardin (1968) concluded that freedom of the commons brings ruin to all. The dynamic game literature verifies that this ecologist's pessimistic view is theoretically supported, but several counter examples have been found. In this study, we show that, under a set of standard assumptions in economics, any resource use, sustainable or unsustainable can be a consequence of a dynamic game involving a common property resource, as long as the path is induced by a Lipschitz continuous dynamical system. This result implies that there are many possibilities for the fate of the commons. ––––––––– We are grateful to Jun-ichi Itaya, Tapan Mitra, Katsuhiko Hori and the participants in the economic department seminar at Hokkaido University in 2009 and the Japanese Economic Association Meeting at Hokkaido University in 2012 for their helpful comments to the earlier version and the present paper. K. Akao gratefully acknowledges the financial support of MEXT Kakenhi (18078004, 19530161, 23330065).


Significance The identical recurrent somatic heterozygous missense mutation in the DNA-binding domain of transcription factor YY1 is found in a third of insulin-secreting pancreatic tumors. This mutation alters sites involved in DNA contact and changes the DNA sequence motif that is bound, resulting in significant alteration of gene expression. Among genes showing markedly increased expression are two, an adenylyl cyclase (ADCY1) and a Ca2+ channel (CACNA2D2), that are involved in cAMP and Ca2+ signaling, processes known to play a role in insulin secretion. Expression of these genes in a pancreatic β-cell line causes increased insulin release. These findings provide evidence for neomorphic effects of this mutation, and demonstrate a role for altered transcription factor specificity in neoplasia. Insulinomas are pancreatic islet tumors that inappropriately secrete insulin, producing hypoglycemia. Exome and targeted sequencing revealed that 14 of 43 insulinomas harbored the identical somatic mutation in the DNA-binding zinc finger of the transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1). Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) showed that this T372R substitution changes the DNA motif bound by YY1. Global analysis of gene expression demonstrated distinct clustering of tumors with and without YY1T372R mutations. Genes showing large increases in expression in YY1T372R tumors included ADCY1 (an adenylyl cyclase) and CACNA2D2 (a Ca2+ channel); both are expressed at very low levels in normal β-cells and show mutation-specific YY1 binding sites. Both gene products are involved in key pathways regulating insulin secretion. Expression of these genes in rat INS-1 cells demonstrated markedly increased insulin secretion. These findings indicate that YY1T372R mutations are neomorphic, resulting in constitutive activation of cAMP and Ca2+ signaling pathways involved in insulin secretion.


Huaibei city is the plain region of population dense,and the conflict of people with soil stands out,especially in the areas of coal mine as land subsidence.The way to resolve the problem is reclamation.The article analyzed the reclamation mode of Huaibei city to offer gists for farther exploitation and suggested the reclamation join with peasant's allocation and development of economy zone,and with urbanization to reach to synthesis exploitation.The article offered several methods of synthesis exploitation for reference.


The author states the purpose of this book as : "(T)o provide students and colleagues, especially systematic theologians, with a synthesis of the theologies in the NT that will enable them to see the diverse unity of the NT" (xvii). This should be commended, because of recurrent criticism from the ranks of systematic theologians that NT scholars do not always provide the necessary and relevant information upon which to ponder systematic theology. Although the book is not as voluminous as many others on the subject, given the size of the subject matter, it still is considerable in terms of its declared purpose. Although Matera refers to many prominent authors and reflects on many influential positions, he does not go into technical detail of interest mostly to NT scholars. This would also be the reason for his relatively few footnotes and quite thin bibliography.


Abstract This paper examines the relationship between rhythm, place, and race. It argues that Roland Barthes' concept of idiorhythmy is useful for understanding the politics of rhythm in relation to race. The paper explores how rhythm has been used to think about the interrelatedness of place and mobility – adding dynamism to place. I analyze reactions to the performance of Stravinsky's Le Sacre du Printemps to demonstrate how rhythm has been culturally and politically encoded through discursive and conceptual links to geographical imaginaries of place. The paper also explores how rhythm has been used to locate Black people in White western thought, and how it has been mobilized in Black and anti-racist thought. The concept of idiorhythmy is used to suggest the radical possibility of places of other rhythms, outside of the dominant rhythms of the world. Throughout the paper, it is argued that an understanding of rhythm is useful for delineating the interplay between place, race, and power.


In view of problems about forming the Hedonic price model for housing,the concepts of individual and extensive attributes of house are put forward in this paper.Combing with the principle of Hedonic price model,a two-step modeling thought is then proposed,which counteracts the weakness of lacking in dynamic characteristic of price model and perfects the setting-up and applying of Hedonic model.


Introduction and purpose: Different bearing surfaces have been used to prevent osteolysis, such as alumina-alumina. We present here an analysis of the results of a prospective multi-center study of complications related to the use of alumina-alumina bearings. Materials and methods: In 4 hospitals 319 cups with hydroxyapatite stems and alumina-alumina bearing surfaces were implanted with a mean follow-up of 5.6 years (range: 3–8). The mean age of the patients was 52.7 (range: 14–70). Alumina wear was calculated by means of a special program. Results: Revision was performed of 5 cups and 2 stems. In one hip with a horizontal acetabular angle (35°) and a thin alumina liner (size 50/32), an acetabular liner fracture occurred 36 months after surgery. The probability of not undergoing revision due to any cause was 96.9% (CI 95%:94.7–99.1%). None of the patients reported any type of noise. All the non-revised cases showed good results both on clinical and X-ray exam at the end of the follow-up. The difference between the center of the head of the femur and the center of the head of the cup at 6 weeks after surgery was −2.45+0.53 mm, with no further changes seen during the follow-up. Conclusions: These data suggest that the prosthetic alumina-alumina bearing surface has excellent results over 5 years and that alumina fractures are infrequent. No changes were seen in terms of the penetration of the femoral head in any case. Longer follow-ups are necessary to determine if the reduction of wear translates into less osteolysis and loosening.


Indonesia has become an important part in the flyway of migratory birds due to the existing of high variety of habitat types that support for their life.Until now, the migratory birds records from Natuna Regency, which is the border area of Indonesia located in the South China Sea, are limited. This study was aimed to determine distribution and stopover habitat of migratory birds in the Natuna Regency area. The study was conducted in 2011 and 2013.Result from observations showed 14 species of migratory birds that belongs to five district birds families were identified in this area.They were Ardeidae (two species), Charadriidae (four species), Scolopacidae (six species),Laridae(one species) and Hirundinidae (one species).Southern Bunguran area has the highest record of migratory birds than other regions in Natuna. The migratory bird used four types of stopover habitat in Natuna Regency. i.e mangrovs, coastal, lakes / wetlands and other open areas.


The debate on big government and small government has always been a central issue in political reform, however, there has not been much research on the relationship between size of government and the effectiveness of government policies. This paper using a panel data set of 40 OECD and non-OECD countries from 1996 to 2004 will analyze and compare how the size of the government affects the effectiveness of government policies. Assuming the relationship between the size of the government and the effectiveness of the government's policies are affected by the level of modernity and economic development, dividing OECD and non-OECD countries, the results were significant. In OECD countries the critical hypothesis that the relationship between government size and the effectiveness of government policies is an inverted U-shape rather than a linear one was confirmed. In non-OECD countries the analysis did not produce robust results. According to the analysis, for OECD countries, those that have modern and developed economic institutions, the effectiveness of government policy increases with size of the government until the specific critical point. Past this point, the size of the government has adverse effects on the effectiveness of government policy.


We introduce low temperature/pressure Ag-Ag direct bonding method for a high-temperature die-attachment structure, which joins SiC dummy chips and direct bonded copper (DBC) substrates. The process uses "nano-volcanic eruption of Ag" caused by stress migration at 250 °C. Neither joining paste nor solder is required. The bonding achieved a die-shear strength over 110 MPa. Only a pre-sputtered Ag thin layer on the surface of dummy chips and DBC substrates can realize bonding with a low pressure (1.0 MPa) provided by a simple bonding jig at 250 °C. The formed Ag joint has a joint layer thickness of less than 4 μm, whose density is similar to that of bulk silver. This feature realizes the ultra-high bonding strength as well as an ideal electric/thermal performance. The SMB technique is well compatible with the current die-attachment process for power-devices. This breakthrough achievement will bring a bright future to the development of next generation power devices with ultra-high performance and reliability.


In this paper, we define and investigate a notion of parallel transport on finite projective modules over finite matrix algebras. Given a derivation-based differential calculus on the algebra and a connection on the module, we construct for every derivation X a module parallel transport, which is a lift to the module of the one-parameter group of algebra automorphisms generated by X. This parallel transport morphism is determined uniquely by an ordinary differential equation depending on the covariant derivative along X. Based on these parallel transport morphisms, we define a basic set of gauge invariant observables, i.e. functions from the space of connections to the complex numbers. For modules equipped with a Hermitian structure, we prove that this set of observables is separating on the space of gauge equivalence classes of Hermitian connections. This solves the gauge copy problem for fuzzy gauge theories.


Starting with morphology,the relationship of architecture group and water environment were considered as research object.The study was outspreaded from four aspects that how to layout building group,organize skyline profile,dominate build intensity and architecture height.Some detailed method and feasible approach about building group plan and design in water spaces were brought forward.


Objective: Peripheral neuropathy is a chronic diabetic microvascular complication strongly associated with poor glycemic control and also with worse prognosis. We aimed to evaluate the predictors of development and progression of peripheral neuropathy in a cohort of high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes. Design and method: In a prospective study, 477 type 2 diabetic patients had the presence of peripheral neuropathy determined by clinical examination at baseline and during a mean follow-up of 6 years. Clinical-laboratory data were obtained at study entry and throughout follow-up. Aortic stiffness was assessed by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) at baseline. Multivariate Cox analysis examined the independent predictors of development or progression of peripheral neuropathy. Results: At baseline 136 patients (28%) had peripheral neuropathy, and during follow-up 97 patients (20%) either newly developed or worsened peripheral neuropathy. Patients who developed/progressed peripheral neuropathy were taller, had longer diabetes duration, greater prevalences of other microvascular complications and hypertension, higher aortic stiffness, and poorer glycemic control than patients who did not developed/progressed neuropathy. After adjustments for baseline neuropathy prevalence and age, increased aortic stiffness (cf-PWV > 10m/s) was a predictor of development/progression of peripheral neuropathy (HR: 1.99; 95%CI: 1.28–3.04; p = 0.002). Other independent predictors were mean glycated hemoglobin (p = 0.014), presence of nephropathy (p = 0.013), arterial hypertension (p = 0.033) and dyslipidemia (p = 0.044), body height (p = 0.031), and female gender (p = 0.044). Conclusions: Increased aortic stiffness at baseline predicts future development or progression of peripheral neuropathy, independent of diabetic metabolic control, suggesting a physiopathological link between macro and microvascular abnormalities in type 2 diabetes.


Stereoselectivity is an important consideration in the risk assessment of pharmaceuticals. Chiral separation, enantioselective analysis and asymmetric synthesis technology is rapidly improving, principally driven by the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore it may be reasonable to expect manufacturers to carry out toxicological testing using the individual pure enantiomers of chiral compounds and to justify whenever chiral products are manufactured as the racemates. There are numerous examples in the scientific literature of individual enantiomers displaying different biological effects. Differential metabolism of chiral compounds has been demonstrated for a wide variety of pharmaceuticals; however, differential effects can also result from other factors. The most obvious difference between enantiomers is intrinsic toxicological effect (pharmacodynamics), where one enantiomer has a different mode of action from another or may even be non-toxic. A better understanding of when stereoselective pharmacokinetic and bio-availability investigations are needed or not needed can be obtained by exploring the relationships that exist between the separate pharmacokinetic parameters of enantiomers and racemates. The present work throws light on one of the most important aspect in bio-availability studies, i.e. the effect of the analytical method (stereospecific vs. non- stereospecific) on the statistical power of the bio-availability and bio-equivalence trials. Bicalutamide (BCT) is a non-steroidal antiandrogen used for the treatment of prostate cancer. BCT as such is a racemic mixture, but most of its pharmacological activity is attributed to its R enantiomer. 50mg dose of BCT was monitored using stereospecific as well as non-stereospecific liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric analytical methods. The data revealed that the absolute bio-availability of Bicalutamide tablets is primarily due to R enantiomer. S enatiomer contribution to the bio-availability is negligible, due to its rapid clearance. Interestingly, data revealed that pharmacokinetic parameters for Bicalutamide enantiomers do not follow dose proportion kinetics. Based on the above facts, it may be courageous enough, to state that single enantiomer drug based on R enantiomer for Bicalutamide is promising.


This report describes the educational milieu in urban schools. The report is based upon studies of student performance in urban schools and the conditions that contribute to performance. The purpose of the study is to identify factors and processes that facilitate or impede effective systemic reform, particularly reforms in math and science education. The review describes the urban context of educational reform and examines literature related to current reforms and effective strategies for teaching inner-city youth. The report presents conclusions and discusses the implications of research on reform in mathematics and science in urban schools.


The target will be affected by the solar radiation, the earth radiation and the earth's reflected solar radiation during the flight. Due to the closeness of the earth to the target, the spatial position of the target has a great influence on the received radiative heat flux. At present, in many studies on the radiation characteristics of the target, researchers regard the earth as a black body with uniform temperature for equivalent replacement, which will cause certain errors in the calculation results. Therefore, based on the radiation transfer theory and spherical model, this paper analyzes the spatial position relationship between the target and the earth and the sun under different attitudes, calculates the angular coefficient relationship between solar radiation, earth radiation and the earth's reflected solar radiation, and build a simulation model of heat flux received by space target. The simulation results show that for the shadow environment, the target is only affected by the radiation of the earth. The model constructed in this paper can achieve refined modeling of the earth with higher accuracy than traditional methods. For environments with solar radiation, although the introduction of the sun compresses the effect of Earth's radiation, the effect of Earth's albedo needs to be considered in Earth modeling because the target receives a large amount of Earth-reflected solar radiation.


— In this report we have discussed the theoretical aspects of the flow transformation, occurring through a series of bifurcations. The parameters and their continuous diversion, the intermittent bursts in the transition zone, variation of velocity and pressure with time, effect of roughness in turbulent zone, and changes in friction factor and head loss coefficient as a function of Reynolds number for a transverse flow across a cylinder have been discussed. An analysis of the variation in the wake length with Reynolds number was done in FORTRAN.


In concert and especially in teaching practice, Edvard Grieg's Violin Sonata in F Major op. 8, which was written in 1865, is labelled as his youthful composition. Considering the time when it was created, it is an undisputed fact, but such a term has negative connotations and may also make one's attitude towards artistic explorations within the piece shallower. It is worth to mention here that it was this very Sonata in F Major that attracted the attention of the great Ferenc Liszt.
In his article, the author attempts to point to different sources which inspired Grieg during the initial period of his creative life. These influences can be divided into national ones (Norwegian) and European ones (based on the firm roots of the European musical heritage). There is no doubt that the composer is another link in the great Romantic tradition, both in terms of composition technique and form, as well as regular studies at the Conservatory in Leipzig. However, the matters related to the national element are much more difficult to look at using a comprehensive approach. While experiencing and analysing Norwegian folk music, one needs to consider to what extent Grieg's music draws from it. In this aspect, the author discusses the issue of how well Grieg knew the music from his home country as well as objective obstacles in reflecting its idiom in artistic music. Norwegian folk instruments as such, in this case – the violin: hardingfele, seem an interesting element.
These diverse influences were present throughout the whole period of Grieg's creative work and can be seen already in his youthful Sonata in F Major – even though sometimes they are barely noticeable because of not having a mature form. Nevertheless, the awareness of rich- ness and many layers included in this composition should stimulate performers to study it in a diligent and in-depth way.


We examined the light absorption properties and light‐dependent rates of photosynthetic electron transport (ETRRCII) and 14C‐uptake in phytoplankton of the Canadian Subarctic and Arctic Ocean. Our results reveal high variability in the light‐saturated, chlorophyll a‐specific rate of 14C‐uptake (PChlamax; 0.7 to 8.0 mg C mg chl a−1 h−1) , and the light‐dependant efficiency of 14C‐uptake (αChla; 0.01 to 0.09 mg C mg Chl a−1 h−1 [μmol quanta m−2 s−1]−1). Variability in PChlamax correlated with light availability in the stratified water‐column, while both PChlamax and αChla were correlated to the degree of nitrate depletion in the mixed layer. For all samples, we observed that 14C‐uptake rates reached light saturation at lower irradiances than ETRRCII, leading to significant, light‐dependent de‐coupling of carbon fixation and photosynthetic electron transport. For samples taken from within the mixed layer, we found that the conversion factor from ETRRCII to carbon fixation was strongly correlated to the magnitude of non‐photochemical quenching, as derived from fast repetition rate fluorometry (FRRF) measurements. This correlation supports recent findings from the Subarctic Pacific Ocean, and has the potential to improve FRRF‐based estimates of phytoplankton carbon fixation. Our observations reveal distinct environmental regulation of phytoplankton light absorption, electron transport and carbon fixation in phytoplankton assemblages within and below the shallow summer mixed layer, and will help to inform more robust predictions of future primary production in a rapidly changing Arctic Ocean.


Solid solution between nonmagnetic narrow gap semiconductor FeSi and diamagnetic semi-metal CoSi gives rise to interesting metallic alloys with long-range helical magnetic ordering, for a wide range of intermediate concentration. We report various interesting magnetic properties of these alloys, including low temperature re-entrant spin-glass like behaviour and a novel inverted magnetic hysteresis loop. Role of Dzyaloshinski-Moriya interaction in the magnetic response of these non-centrosymmetric alloys is discussed.


Using the condensation approach, the whole stiffness matrix of structural system is derived based on shear-bending storey-post mechanical model. The Jacobi method is applied to find the natural frequency and mode of vibra-tion of structure. The degenerate bilinear hysteretic loop segments are used as storey-post restoring force model. The program of the elasto-plastic earthquake response analysis of tall building structures is designed with the equations derived in this paper. The comparison of the calculating results of an example structure shows that the agreement between the results given by this paper and other methods is good.


Homosexual contact is one of the main transmission routes of the HIV-1 epidemic in Shenzhen. Several subtypes of HIV-1 are prevalent among men who have sex with men (MSM) simultaneously, which provides favorable conditions for the formation of a unique recombinant form (URF). Here, we reported two unique recombinant forms of HIV-1 (LS10525 and LS13740) infected through homosexual contact in Shenzhen. Phylogeny and recombination analysis based on the nearly full-length genome indicated that LS10525 was a second-generation recombinant strain composed of CRF07_BC and CRF59_01B, and LS13740 was a second-generation recombinant strain composed of CRF07_BC and CRF55_01B. The emergence of the novel structure of URFs urgently needs to surveil the HIV-1 epidemic in the population.


The activities of the devotion to the community it aims to provide a supply of knowledge and skills to the teachers and students of SMP 4 Tapung Hilir regencies of Kampar Riau Province. The material covered in the training delivery activities of writing of scientific writing paper. This activity was carried out in junior high Country 4 Tapung Hilir regencies of Kampar Riau Province with the number of participants 14 teachers. The results of these activities are the teacher has the ability to write scientific papers especially in research action class (PTK).


Teaching Evaluation 1. Shows genuine interest in children Outstanding ___________ Satisfactory ___________ Needs Improvement _________________ 2. Teaches with a positive approach ___________ ___________ ________________ 3. Shows patience and understanding ___________ ___________ ________________ 4. Has control of group ___________ ___________ ________________ 5. Follows policies & procedures ___________ ___________ ________________ 6. Well prepared for daily activities ___________ ___________ ________________ 7. Works from a plan sheet ___________ ___________ ________________ 8. Plans a variety of age-appropriate activities ___________ ___________ ________________ 9. Collects materials in advance ___________ ___________ ________________ 10. Able to adjust ___________ ___________ ________________ 11. Maintains records & files of children in orderly manner ___________ ___________ ________________ 12. Observes significant behavior of children as individuals and as a group ___________ ___________ ________________ 13. Uses appropriate and positive discipline ___________ ___________ ________________ 14. Interacts appropriately with children at all times ___________ ___________ ________________


On a cold winter's day, a 52-year-old man presented with a 3-year history of fatigue and gait disturbance. He had previously been diagnosed with Steinert's disease (type 1 myotonic dystrophy) through genetic testing showing cytosine–thymine–guanine repeats in the dystrophia myotonica–protein kinase gene. He sometimes found it difficult to sit up in bed because of weakness …


In a quirky report from New Delhi (Journal of the Indian Association of Paediatric Surgery 2014; 19(2): 70–75) Gemellus learnt a little of one small controversy in the surgery of Hirschsprung's Disease in the young (19 boys, 1 girl; aged newborn to 6 years). The surgeons were attempting to answer the question as to which technique was superior:near-total laparoscopic (Group A) or partial laparoscopic (Group B) mobilization of the rectum before colo-anal anastomosis. These techniques are, of course, the modern equivalent of Swenson's 1948 operation. Interestingly patients were excluded if the aganglionic segment continued proximal to the splenic flexure. The main issue was whether more minimal transanal rectal dissection after near-total laparoscopic mobilization (Group B) with its reduced anal stretching would improve postoperative function. In summary the results of the two techniques were not different but Gemellus notes that in 50% of both groups perineal excoriation was observed but did not last more than a few months. All patients required Hegar dilators for three months but then were free to manage without. By reading this report Gemellus learnt that giant strides (mistyped as giant's rides) have occurred with the laparoscope in this paediatric patient group.


Self-transmissible plasmids conferring mercury resistance were exogenously isolated from the bacterial populations of sugar beet roots (rhizoplane) and leaves (phyllosphere) into a Pseudomonas putida recipient. Fifty rhizoplane plasmids and 29 phyllosphere plasmids (60–383 kb) were purified. Numerical analysis of plasmid DNA restriction enzyme digest patterns identified five distinct groups. Three of these plasmid groups were isolated from sugar beet crops grown at the same site over three consecutive years, demonstrating their established presence. Each group of plasmids comprised individual isolates with structural additions or deletions. The frequency of exogenous isolation correlated with factors likely to influence plant growth, bacterial activity and the physiological state of donors prior to sampling. All plasmids investigated conferred narrow spectrum mercury resistance with a reductase detoxification mechanism. None of the plasmids conferred resistance to a range of antibiotics, other heavy metals, or to UV, and following transfer to recipient bacteria the range of carbon source utilisation was not altered. This is the first report of the persistence of Pseudomonas spp. plasmid structural types isolated over several years from a terrestrial habitat.


This thesis reviews the archaeological heritage of the Weald Moors, a wetland of low-lying, peat-based farmland in North Shropshire, dominated by the Iron Age 'marsh-fort' of Wall Camp; lithic scatters, Bronze Age metalwork deposition and a high number of burnt mounds also characterise the area. Analysis was made of the published and unpublished literature, geomorphology, and archaeological records, and the palaeoenvironmental history was contextualised within the area of the North Shropshire Wetlands. Environmental samples, taken proximal to Wall Camp, were dated and analysed for coleopteran remains. The conclusions are that the peat, although it is known to be wasted in certain areas, preserves an early Holocene record (8550-8300 cal BC - 6370-6220 cal BC), and contains an insect fauna associated with reed-bed and fen-carr; microscopic charcoal is also present, although the origin is currently unknown. The organic deposits of the Weald Moors contain considerable potential for further investigation despite their desiccated condition viz. the Mesolithic presence on the Weald Moors and the possibility of environmental manipulation; the environment contemporaneous with metalwork deposition and burnt mounds; and the purpose of Wall Camp, including its relationship with contemporary marsh-forts, both locally, e.g. the Berth, and nationally, e.g. Sutton Common.


In the 1980s, the afternoon soap operas of US broadcast television featured 'supercouples', romantic pairings that both kept with conventional gender roles and defied traditional expectations. These stories brought a broadened audience to daytime soap opera and made the genre especially profitable for the television networks. They also helped to address viewers' uncertainties about a world changed by the women's liberation movement, embracing the 'liberation' of young women free to embark on romantic adventures with the men they loved, but removing any sense of patriarchal injustice, offering instead a fantasy space apart from ongoing social problems of gender inequality.


Given the numerous news reports and articles describing unprecedented rates of self-inflicted deaths among U.S. active-duty personnel, with figures by 2012 exceeding those of soldiers killed in combat in Afghanistan, military suicide has become an issue of burning relevance for today's U.S. military Rising rates have also been recorded in other countries, including Japan, where the number of suicides among members of the Self-Defence Forces has remained higher than the national or civilian average since 2003. Moreover, in the case of Japan, it would not be the first time that officials were confronted with data indicating an increase in suicides among military personnel.


In the nearly three and a half decades since Frank Malina founded Leonardo, it has been the leading organ in analyzing and clarifying the interrelationships between art, science and technology historically and in our own time. Today those interrelationships are more complex than ever: technology has tended to dissolve the boundaries between creative fields. Composers of music find that they have to write software to fully exploit the potential of the computer to aid in composition: for example, using genetic code for an underlying musical structure. Visual artists discover untapped energy in sound and electrostatics that can produce a new kind of imaging. Scientists move into the world of art by hanging electron microscope images of cells in an art gallery. A mathematician makes paintings by layering geometric shapes of different eras. In this way, artists venture into technology and scientists venture into art. The technologies, formerly separated as drawing, printing, photography, film and sound, come together into one great communication system. Millions of human beings take part in that system, using it for a host of practical and recreational purposes, and—most importantly for our purposes—engaging in activities once the domain of artists and specialists. Indeed, this is a remarkable confirmation of Moholy-Nagy's belief that all humankind has a biological necessity to create. How fascinated he would be to see all using the same tools and globally transmitting the results. Leonardo is superbly situated to meet the needs of these new artists as it has met the needs of the pioneers. When Leonardo went on-line it immediately positioned itself to lead the way in cyberspace as it has done for over 30 years in hard print. In the breadth and diversity of its coverage, the imagination of its articles, the integrity of its activities, it truly honors its namesake. It can only be called "Leonardo," the name it has proudly held for three decades. As I write this, however, I learn of the attempt to usurp that name, the name that has symbolized the organization's work from the beginning, and thus tear it loose from its traditions and identity. This is a struggle that must be won by Leonardo. Regardless of the greed and crassness of the commercialism we see on television and the Internet, advancements in science and technology are producing a new body of artists that promise a 21st-century renaissance in art. Leonardo is the natural organization to monitor, record and encourage that renaissance. Artists everywhere must rally to help Leonardo confront this undeserved threat.


A narrow beam 87.5‐kHz sonar is being used to quantitatively estimate scattering strength as a function of range and time in the upper ocean. The sonar is aimed horizontally from the bottom of FLIP. Backscattered intensity will be used to estimate horizontal zooplankton patchiness on a scale of 10's–100's of meters. During a fall 1978 cruise, the sonar system and a multiple opening‐closing plankton net, towed from a second ship, will simultaneously measure zooplankton patchiness. The objectives of this effort are to determine whether the sonar provides a consistent picture of plankton patchiness, whether there is significant change in the scales of patchiness from night to day, and whether a specific category of organisms can be identified as being primarily responsible for the scattering.


Ousman Kobo's book is a comparative history of Wahhabi movements in Burkina Faso1 and Ghana2 from their origins in the late colonial period through their expansion, decline, and later transformation in the first fifty years of independence. In the footsteps of Lansiné Kaba's pioneering study,3 the author uses the term "Wahhabism" in a nonreified and neutral sense, against the narrow and derogative inflection given by some local detractors. Kobo refers to Wahhabism to broadly name a new turn in Islamic reform in the decisive context of West Africa's sociopolitical transformations in the midto late twentieth century. Going beyond generic conceptualizations, Unveiling Modernity in TwentiethCentury West African Islamic Reforms offers thickly descriptive and diachronic analyses of a number of Wahhabiinclined leaders and organizations in Ouagadougou and BoboDioulasso (with a focus on Mossi society) as well as in Tamale, Kumasi, and Accra. Through these case studies, the book sheds light on West African Wahhabis' plural yet congruous quest for spiritual purity and social reform as they imagined and tried to implement it locally. Two main themes run through the book. The first emphasizes the local, indigenous origins of Wahhabi reformism in its West African version, contrary to the view that it was a mere translation of contemporary Middle Eastern influences. Wahhabi ideas actually emerged from impassioned local religious contestations over Islamic orthodoxy and specifically Sufi rituals, paving the way for the rise of separate, Sunnaoriented communities.


Nowadays Analytics are embedded into our daily life. A large number of analytical models are developed so far to enhance the qualitative relationships among the covariates. When modelling features are small, a mathematical model itself describes the relationship among the elements of the domain. Research suggests that a simple algorithm without convincing the performance and accuracy of the statistical analysis with a large volume of data is more accurate than a sophisticated algorithm with little data. A Diabetes data set from 1999 to 2008 with 101676 distinct records were taken and statistical techniques were applied to the data sets, and we noted that both interpretability and justifiability are balanced against statistical performance. This analysis of a large clinical database assessment informs the future directions which might lead to improvements in patient safety.


A 1-kW axially magnetized permanent-magnet linear alternator and the control strategy are investigated for free-piston Stirling engines (FPSEs). To meet the requirement of FPSE applications, the power densities of axially magnetized and radially magnetized structures are compared, and the shape of the stator end tooth is studied to reduce thrust fluctuation. Moreover, the thermal field of the proposed alternator is investigated for the appropriate selection of insulation class. The equivalent method is used to simplify the thermal modeling of slot coils. Due to the complex control of the FPSE, the stroke control strategy is investigated. Energy storage devices are employed to provide transient power supply and reduce voltage ripple. The hardware structure and voltage control scheme are discussed and validated by Matlab/Simulink. The prototype alternator and controller were designed and tested, and satisfactory experimental results were obtained.


Although commercial MR fluids exist for quite some time now and the feasibility as well as the advantages of the MR technology have been demonstrated for several applications by a variety of MR actuator prototypes, a sustainable market break-through of brake and clutch applications utilizing the shear mode is still missing. Essential impediments are the marginal knowledge about the durability of the MR technology. To overcome this situation, a long-term measurement system was developed for the durability analysis of MR fluid formulations within a technical relevant scale with respect to the volume of MR fluid and the transmitted torque. The focus of the presented series of measurements is given to the analysis of temperature induced effects on the durability. In this context four different failure indicators can be distinguished, namely an apparent negative viscosity, deviations in torque data obtained from different measurements as well as a pressure increase and a drop in the on-state torque. The measurement data of the present durability experiments indicate a significant dependency of the attainable energy intake density on the temperature. The aim of such durability tests is to establish a reliable data base for the industry to estimate the life-time of MR devices.


In this paper the orthogonal pulse shaper function derived from Hermite polynomial function for a multiple access ultra wide band communication...


"The One-Millionth Weihe River Map" compiled in 2005 reveals that the areas around bridges are the typical nodal points on the Weihe River.Using the measured data along with the map and other relevant information,this paper concludes that the main river channel becomes narrow as side shoals build up around the bridges.The main river channel leans toward one side of the bank,and curved waterway develops up and down the bridges,which imposes great eroding force to the bank.The maximum discharge by the bridges neither bears the flood with return period of 100 years or over if the roughness coefficient n=0.025 nor bears the flood with return period of 30 years if n=0.035.The gradient around the bridges becomes smaller than that of others on the river,generally leading to the turning of the river bed and the piling-up of sands,hence smaller gradient and lower water flow speed.The bridge areas in the urban quarter of Baoji City,especially the area around the Wolongsi bridge,become the greatest threat to the city when flood occurs.


In the recent years, it has been debated whether the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature should be cited as 'Anonymous' or as having an 'author', i.e. the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. This question is addressed here, starting with the meaning of the term 'anonymous' in common language as well as in the Glossary of the Code : in both cases, it designates a work which does not contain, in its original edition, any information about the name(s) of the person(s) responsible for its authorship. A collective body like the Commission is not a person, and therefore not eligible as an 'author' in the sense of the Glossary of the Code . The Code is a text that provides Rules for the regulation of zoological nomenclature, and the format of bibliographic references in publications is not a matter of nomenclature but of editorial policy, and therefore out the scope of the Code . It is suggested that a flexible attitude be adopted. This question should be left at the discretion of authors and editors and the Code should not interfere with it. Several possible formats for the citation of the Code are presented. This paper also proposes a distinction between two categories of 'anonymous' works.


A CFD simulation was performed to evaluate the performance of a novel multiregime gas–solid fluidized riser reactor that was designed to maximize the propylene yield from the catalytic cracking process. Simulation results of the industrial-scale riser reactor show the coexistence of different regimes in the reactor. Also, both the outlet product compositions and the reaction rate vectors indicate that the cracking reactions mainly take place in the feed injection section. The product quality and distribution demonstrate the superiority of this novel process technology. The results of the CFD simulations are in good agreement with the test run results of a real industrial FCC reactor.


Instrumentation, especially for transverse beam size, has a vital role in linear collider development and operation. If strongly integrated into the control system, it can provide powerful optimization and stabilization feedback. Through the widespread use of transverse beam size monitors of sufficient precision and speed, some subsystem tolerances may be relaxed, ultimately providing cost reduction. A new class of beam size monitor must be developed for monitoring the collider's sub‐micron bunches. We first review some examples of instrumentation and it's use from the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) and then describe some planned beam size monitors in the SLAC complex.


This study reviewed researches from psychology, management engineering, sociology and practical reports to understand the characteristics and dynamics of online community that lie over many domains. This study identified and visualized the hierarchical structure of online community attributes and suggests online community construct as a result. As the notion of community is originated from geographical groups, and with the belief that geographical community shares identical characteristics with online community, this study reviewed researches about geographical community as a start-point. Then the study approached through three main perspectives (1) online community attributes, (2) sense of online community and (3) challenges of online community. The challenges in online community that are hard to be controlled by designers (communication, motivation, leadership, and technology) are considered as external factors. With socio-technical perspective, this study defined member, interaction, shared goal and relationship as main attributes of online community. Based on the reviews on sense of place and sense of community, the sense of online community is defined as compound attributes of membership, needs fulfillment, influence and emotional connection. The integration of online community attributes with sense of online community induced extending the definition of online community attributes. This study proposes an online community construct that encompasses the previously reviewed frameworks. Also this study found that online community construct includes other dimensions such as cognitive, affective, behavioral and challenging perspectives.


The imaging FTIR spectrometer was invented 25 years ago. Only recently, however, with the development of infrared focal plane array technology and high speed microprocessors, has the imaging FTIR spectrometer become a practical instrument. Among the class of imaging spectrometer instruments, the imaging Fourier transform spectrometer enjoys a great advantage in terms of calibratibility, sensitivity, broad band coverage and resolution flexibility. Recent experience with the LIFTIRS instrument is summarized. As a concrete example of the acquisition, calibration, and comprehension of the data from an imaging Fourier transform spectrometer, the case history of a geological sample is discussed in great detail. In particular, the importance of principle component analysis to imaging spectroscopy is especially emphasized. It is shown how the various spatial/spectral constituents within a sample can be detected, located, identified and quantified.


【Objective】To explore minimally invasive treatment of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage patients with the dynamic changes of the serum level of MMP-9 and the relationship between cerebral edema.【Methods】 120 cases of patientsonset within 24 hours with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage were selected, conventional dehydrationwas used to reduce intracranial pressure, control blood pressure after admission, nutritional support, such as treatment, the treatment methods were divided into different minimally invasive treatment group 60 cases, internal medicine conservative treatment group of 60 cases, respectively, in the hospital days 1, 3, 7, 10, 14 from fasting venous blood serum concentration of MMP-9 determination; 60 cases of clinical patients with high blood pressure were used as the control group, on day one, fasting venous blood serum concentration of MMP-9 was determined by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent(ELISA). 【Results】Serum level of MMP-9 in patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage after the onset of the days1, 3, 7, 3 d levels were especially obvious after the onset, then gradually presented the reduced trend, but was still higher than 14 days after onset of hypertension group levels(8.98±6.32) ng/mL, with significant difference(P 0.01); Minimally invasive treatment group after the onset,the serum level of MMP-9 in the day one was obvious increased, after minimally invasive treatment for the 3 d gradually reduced(52.42±16.40) ng/mL, and internal medicine conservative treatment group(99.38 ±25.75) ng/mL, with significant difference(P 0.05).【Conclusion】Early onset of patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage and the serum level of MMP-9 began to rise, after the onset of 3d reached the peak, graduallypresented the reduced trend since then, the day after next day was still in the high level; Intracranial hematoma by minimally invasive drainage clearance, relieve pressure, relieve cerebral edema, decrease serum levels of MMP-9, MMP-9 may be involved in the pathogenesis of acute brain edema.


The advantages of different road pavements from an environmental viewpoint and energy consumption have become an important part of the planning process for highway projects in many countries. In this paper knowledge about fuel efficiency of different road pavements has been compiled. The energy consumption of the traffic itself on a road over its lifetime is of overwhelming importance. Depending on the traffic volume, the energy use for construction, maintenance and operation of the road is less than 2 to 5% of the energy used by the traffic itself. Therefore it is legitimate to focus on how different road pavement surfaces affect the fuel consumption of vehicles driving on it. Based on the knowledge available it can be concluded that the differences between pavement types as such (asphalt or concrete) are not significant. More important for the fuel efficiency are pavements in good condition with good surface characteristics (both asphalt and concrete). Optimal maintenance of the roads is therefore the means to limit fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emission. In general there is a need for a global consideration: To find the best balance between protecting the environment (limiting greenhouse gas emission), saving energy, reducing traffic noise and ensuring good driving safety and comfort. For the covering abstract see ITRD E121480.


While school counselling is well established in secondary schools in Aotearoa New Zealand, there have been few resources available to establish a complementary research base. This article reports on a small survey study that investigated the perspectives of young people who had used school counselling services during the two weeks of the online survey. The survey replicated one strategy employed within a much larger evaluation study of the counselling services in three schools in Glasgow, Scotland. In focusing on only one research strategy— student self-report via survey— the study makes a small contribution to discussion of evaluation practices for school guidance counselling in New Zealand. As in the larger Glasgow study, young people in the small sample in this study evaluated school counselling as helpful across a number of dimensions of their lives.


The four earlier articles in this themed section are based on presentations at a workshop convened to explore challenges in using qualitative longitudinal methods for policy-related research, with particular focus on data analysis and interpretation. Together, they provide useful pointers to the scope of qualitative longitudinal approaches, and extensive discussion of management and analysis of the particular and complex data produced. Readers who are interested in pursuing themselves a qualitative longitudinal approach to policy-related social research will want also to look to a wider literature to enhance their understanding of issues to be taken into consideration, and to explore the range of methods and options. The aim of this review article is to provide some ideas about the kind of literature likely to prove helpful. The bibliographic references for this review article are supplemented by the guide to sources which completes this themed section.


The investigation relates to a "DRAFT FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A SMALL BUSINESS PRODUCTION COLOR CEMENT BLOCKS AND MARKETING IN THE PROVINCE OF SANTA ELENA" for the purpose of investing through the production of concrete blocks colors for the construction industry and society in general.
The research was based development through methods such as historical, inductive, deductive and analytical synthetic; techniques were also necessary as the survey, interview, observation and literature, which were used along with it.
To develop the technical study of micro, location, location, capacity of the project, it will be located in the Province of Santa Elena, in La Libertad, in the Barrio September 25 at Avenida Carlos Espinoza Larrea identified S / N Av Jose Luis Tamayo, which will have an infrastructure to produce the product and market it to the construction sector.
Microenterprise to implement the project will require an investment of USD 20,131.58, amount that will be funded with 60% equity representing $ 12,131.58 while the remaining 40% will be financed with a credit of $ 8,000.00 for a term of two years with an interest rate of 12% annually.
In terms of costs for the first year of the project will be $ 66,262.68 and $ 71,557.09 worth of revenue generated by the sale of concrete block colors were levied.
In the financial evaluation, the following results were obtained: The NPV is positive of $ 55,355.13 which ensures a yield or return on the value of the company at the end of its useful life. The capital recovery period will be in 2 years 12 months and 30 days. The cost benefit ratio obtained is 1.50 which means that for every dollar invested 0.50 cents profit is obtained, it should be noted that according to the sensitivity analysis shows that this project supports 15% increase in costs and a decrease in revenue of 14% which indicates that the project is feasible to implement it.
Finally Microenterprise "DON LEO EU" will be established to operate legally and its name will Microenterprise "DON LEO EU". Province of Santa Elena, in La Libertad, in the Barrio September 25 at Av Carlos Espinoza Larrea S / N Av Jose Luis Tamayo, which produce and sell cement block colors. Regarding the administrative organization of micro, this will include the Manager, legal, secretarial, concierge, production and sales, who will be involved in the implementation of this investment project.


The current quality detection methods for building materials concrete are inaccurate in the processing results of sound waves and amplitude signals, resulting in low accuracy of the propagation velocity and wave velocity dispersion in the detected concrete, and inaccurate quality strength detection results, so based on ultrasonic tomography technology The characteristics of the design of construction materials concrete quality inspection methods. Collect ultrasonic velocity and amplitude signals, and eliminate the abnormal signals in the collected sound velocity and amplitude; make full use of the ultrasonic tomography technology in the internal propagation of the medium, and the characteristics of digital imaging, complete the image transformation, establish the concrete mathematical model, output the internal image of concrete, and complete the concrete quality detection. Experimental results: The proposed construction material concrete quality inspection method, when inspecting the construction material concrete, the dispersion of the propagation velocity and the wave velocity in the detected concrete, compared with other inspection methods, the construction material concrete quality inspection method The result is more accurate.


Male factors leading to infertility account for at least half of all cases of infertility worldwide. In this study, we used multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) probes for chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X and Y to evaluate the aneuploidy incidence in sperm cells. The study group included 12 males with infertility and oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OATs). FISH revealed a significantly higher incidence of sperm aneuploidies compared with controls. By comparing the incidence of the disomy in the OAT group, the highest incidence was the sex chromosome disomy, followed by the disomy of chromosomes 13, 21 and then 18. The nulisomy incidence in the OAT group was higher for sex chromosomes, followed by the nulisomy of autosomes 13, then 21 and 18. In conclusion FISH may be considered as an additional assay for the evaluation of spermatozoa beside standard analysis, thus playing an important role during proper diagnosis and treatment of infertility. As in these days, for patients with OAT, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is frequently used, it is important to inform the patients if they might have an increased risk of aneuploidies in embryos.


A high-frequency (HF) small-signal model is presented that is capable of describing accurately the MOS transistor (in saturation) at frequencies beyond the cutoff frequency. The model is carefully compared to other models. It is shown how all the circuit elements of the model can be measured. This measurement method uses S-parameter measurements, computer-controlled calibration techniques of the test setup and network analyzer, mathematical transformations of the S-parameters to other linear parameters, and extraction routines to fit the data towards the HF model. The model is finally used in the design of an HF optical transconductance amplifier to prove that this model is much more accurate than the classical models at higher frequencies. >


: It continues to be questioned about the issues in the effectiveness of government internal audit in recent years. It is due to many reports of corruption cases which generally come from outside the government, and none of which comes from internal audit agencies as government internal control apparatus. This study is to examine and analyze the effectiveness of government internal audits and what factors that influence the effectiveness of internal audit. This study identifies the factors as management support, auditee perceptions on internal audit function, organizational independence, and the competency of internal audit staff. This study is conducted in Aceh Province by taking a sample of 15 inspectorates in Aceh Province with the respondents of 332 government internal auditors who work in it. Primary data is collected through questionnaires that are sent directly to internal auditors. Data are analyzed by a mean test and multiple linear regressions. The study results show that government internal auditors in Aceh still carry out their duties effectively. This disputes the issues that say internal audit is not effective. The factors that influence the effectiveness of internal audit are the existence of high management support, positive auditee perceptions on internal audit function and audit staff competency, while organizational independence is the factor that does not influence the effectiveness of internal audit.


If everything is manufactured [in digital texts], then everything must be considered. -Katherine Sarafian, Pixar Animation Studios (222) THIS ARTICLE EXAMINES HOW Wl DESCREEN, analog filmmaking strategies such as letter- boxing have become commonplace in digital texts such as online advertising, Web-based film series, and even digital animation films from Pixar. The various delivery platforms as- sociated with new media texts must address the spatial and aesthetic challenges presented by the various aspect ratios necessary to ac- commodate many monitor/screen shapes and sizes. The online and digital texts analyzed in this article use cinematic techniques (such as letterboxing) in an effort to reproduce film/ video poetics and thus present their products in terms of highbrow consumption strategies. Further, many video games, regardless of whether they are of first-person shooter or sport genres, deploy cut-scenes or "cinematics."1 These techniques ape cinematic tropes in order to blend (or mask altogether) the transition between transtextual choices such as video games based on films or televised sports (e.g., The Godfather or the Madden football fran- chise, respectively). Because online content faces many challenges- different operating systems, monitor sizes, screen resolutions, and monitor widths, not to mention download speeds- it seems that content producers want to achieve MIVI (Maximum Instantaneous Visual Impact) (Garfield 77), and the panache of letterboxing is useful to colonize monitor space. By colonization, I assert that the shift in aspect ratio and its demarcating effect within screen space requires some visual shift on the part of the viewer.2 Colonization occurs when Academy ratio proportions are transformed without input from the viewer into a letterboxed or widescreen visual field. Pixar Animation Studios provides an intriguing and unique example of how aspect ratios must be negotiated when shifting between analog and digital formats. Pixar recomposes each film it produces for home video outlets. Although most films shot in the Cinemascope aspect ratio (2.35:1) must undergo significant aesthetic metamorphoses and are often released into home video formats as "full screen" via pan-and-scan, Pixar's texts are digital blanks. The mise-en-scene^ of a Pixar film exists only in digital form. There is no soundstage or cinematographerto consult with regard to framing aesthetics. Digital mattes are composed in both formats from the first storyboard with the home-video release in mind. Pixar's dualformat digital production strategy is the digitextual solution to a problem faced by early experimental uses of widescreen in such films as The Big Trail (1930) and The Bat Whispers (1930). * The Big Trail and The Bat Whispers were shot in both wide and Academy ratios simultaneously. This process of concurrent production with multiple formats had recently been deemed necessary with the advent of sound filmmaking where multiple versions of films were produced in various languages to facilitate distribution to overseas ancillary markets. The Big Trail was filmed in two cinematographic formats, but it was also shot (with different casts) in at least four other languages to compensate for the European markets on which Hollywood relied so heavily in the silent era (Crafton 428-29). In an American Cinematographer article from 1930, Arthur Edeson comments on the formal differences between the wide (70mm) version (which Edeson shot) and Lucien Androit's Academy ratio version of The Big Trail. Edeson states, In working on such a picture as The Big Trail, 70 millimeter is a tremendously important aid for the epic sweep of the picture demands that it be painted against a great canvas. Grandeur gives us such a canvas to work with, and enables us to make the background play its part in the picture ___ The background thus plays a vitally important role in the picture- a role which can only be brought out completely by being shown as 70 millimeter film can show it. …


No specific vaccine is available for protection against leprosy, because the causative organism, Mycobacterium leprae, has not been cultured in vitro. J. M. M. Fernandez in 19391 suggested that B.C.G. vaccination might confer some protection because of the possible existence of a common antigen in B.C.G. and M. leprae. There followed several small trials of B.C.G. vaccination against leprosy, and although there was some suggestion of protection none was on a large enough scale or well enough controlled to withstand critical analysis. The present uncertainty about the value of B.C.G. vaccination against leprosy recalls the doubts about the value of B.C.G. against tuberculosis before the trials undertaken by the Medical Research Council in Britain in 1956. Therefore the first


By using a class of piecewise continuous Lyapunov function and the method of analysis, the stability of impulsive Volterra intergrodifferential equations was studied.


PURPOSE: To oxidize aromatic compds. having oxidizable alkyl groups by proceeding oxidation reaction in water or admixture of water and an org. solvent in the presence of a specified solid catalyst. CONSTITUTION: The objective oxidation is carried out by reacting aromatic compds. of the formula (where Y is oxidizable alkyl; (n) is 1-5; T is a 1-24C hydrocarbon group, and may be aliphatic groups, two of R linked to two of O supported on C adjacent to aromatic nucleous form satd., unsatd. or aromatic ring having 5-8 atoms together with O) with an oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide, oxygen, etc., in the presence of a solid catalyst having active phases and containing a metal element such as tin, germanium, tellurium or copper combined with palladium, in water or admixture of water and an org. solvent, preferably under 1-100 bar at 50-120°C. COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO


The viewpoint of such principles of secure and reliable, advanced technology, friendly to environment and abstemious, practical technologies should be satisfied during disseminating and applying new technologies for power grid construction at present is put forward. Thirteen new design technologies for power grid construction including compact transmission, ten new execution technologies including DC converting station and those should be emphatically paid attention to are introduced in details. Considering the actual condition in dissemination and application of new technologies for power grid construction at present, the mechanism of exchanging new technologies for power grid construction, the mechanism for basic research and achievement reserve and the mechanism of comprehensive assessment for application of new technologies should be established.


The main proposal of this study was to evaluate the impact of the Bolsa Familia conditioned public cash transfer program on the school presence among the children from 5 to 14 years, in the states of Pernambuco, Ceara, Sergipe and Paraiba. The work uses both primary and secondary (PNAD, 2005) to build two different control groups used for propensity score estimative matching with children from families that received income from the federal program. For all studied groups the impact of the Bolsa Familia was positive, in other words, the results indicate that the program increases the school presence by 5,6 points. But the results still suggest that the impact of the Program is differenced by gender, being much effective for girls than for boys, what, probably, is related to the gender difference in the opportunity cost of human capital investment in Brazil rural Northeast.


In northern Australia, cattle genotypes are predominantly Bos indicus-derived and the extensive nature of the production systems mean they are commonly dehorned at 5-9 months of age. Dehorning at this age is permitted without the use of anaesthetics or analgesics. To adopt pain relief management, producers must be convinced it is effective and practical. We examined the effects on welfare of the administration of a local anaesthetic and/or a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) during the dehorning of Brahman heifers (animal ethics approval RH245/08). Weaners, 5-7 months-old, were allocated to four treatments (n=15/group): Sham dehorn (S); Dehorn only (D); Dehorn + local anaesthetic (cornual block) + NSAID (LA/NSAID); and Dehorn + NSAID (NSAID). Blood samples were taken, via jugular venipuncture, 20min before treatment then 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 24, 48 and 72 hours and 2, 4 and 6 weeks post-dehorning. Liveweights were recorded fortnightly for 8 weeks. Counts of behaviour during dehorning showed LA/NSAID vocalised (mean±s.e; 1.6±0.9) and struggled (1.9±0.9) less (GLM, P<0.05) than D (12.1±2.3 and 6.3±1.5, respectively) or NSAID (14.5±2.5 and 8.3±1.7). Repeated measures ANOVA of plasma cortisol concentrations showed that after 30 min, NSAID were higher (74.5 nmol/L) compared to S (56.4 nmol/L), while D (66.8nmol/L) and LA/NSAID (68.0nmol/L) were intermediate, not differing from either (P<0.05; s.e. = 4.41). All samples taken after 7 hours post-dehorning were not different from control. LA/NSAID lost (P<0.001, s.e. = 1.4) more liveweight post-dehorning (13.9kg) than the NSAID (9.0kg) and D (8.3kg) groups, both of which lost more than S (4.1kg). We conclude that, although local anaesthetic reduced behavioural responses to dehorning, other indicators of stress and pain (plasma cortisol and weight loss) indicated that local anaesthetic and/or analgesic treatments did not improve welfare, which contrasts with findings for Bos taurus calves.


s I write this review, in the fall of 1998, it is almost impossible to avoid encountering the rhetoric of "cyberspace" or electronic communications networks, if only in the form of television commercials, most notably for AT&T's and MCI's Internet services. Over the course of the last year, these multinational telecommunications companies have begun to produce advertisements celebrating computer-mediated communication in explicitly utopian terms. Typically, such advertisements stress the obsolescence of physical appearance and bodily markers of difference: cyberspace, the imaginary site of social interactions conducted through networked computers, is a "place" where gender, race, and physical disability cease to matter, we are told. At the same time, MCI's most recent ads, for its Worldcom system, end by announcing that "now the world is officially open for business." These ads also boast of MCI's proprietary ownership of a world-spanning segment of the Internet, celebrating the fact that users can now depend on one company to connect them to any place on the globe. This assertion of ownership, however, contradicts the more utopian claims of the virtual communitarians (such as


Marrus claudanielis, a new species of deep-sea physonect siphonophore, is described from material collected by the ROV TIBURON, off California (eastern North Pacific), and the submersible JOHNSON-SEA-LINK II, off New Jersey (western North Atlantic). Marrus claudanielis is extremely fragile and all observed specimens autotomized some of their parts during observation or collection, due to the strong contraction of the stem. The siphosomal elements, the nectophoral and bracteal canals, and the pneumatophore were all deep red in life. This species is distinguished from other Marrus species by the undivided apico-lateral ridges on the nectophores, and the hook-shaped arc of enlarged ectodermal cells, including nematocysts, overlying the distal branches of the bracteal canals.


. Exploiting enzyme promiscuity: Many enzymes exhibit catalytic promiscuity, which is the ability of an enzyme to catalyze an alternative reaction (or reactions) in addition to its biologically relevant one. These promiscuous activities may serve as starting points for both natural and laboratory evolution of new enzymatic functions. Recent advances in the study of enzyme promiscuity in the tautomerase superfamily, a group of homologous proteins with a characteristic β - α - β structural fold and a conserved catalytic amino-terminal proline, are discussed in this Minireview.


The geomorphologic evidences of tectonic activities in the Lesser Garhwal Himalaya along the North Almora Thrust (NAT) in the Quaternary period have been documented. The northern flank of Almora Nappe marked by NW-SE to WNWESE trending tectonic plane in Central Kumaun is called the North Almora Thrust (NAT). The continuous tectonic movements have resulted in the development of numerous N-S trending transverse faults along the NAT. One significant section at Srinagar along the thrust plane has been chosen for the study. The Alaknanda River is a significant parental river of Ganga and forms an 11.5 km long and 2.5 km wide valley, locally known as the Srinagar Valley in Garhwal Himalaya.


The problem that lays the foundation of this dissertation is thatcomposite structure in steel and concrete is said to have bettercharacteristics than used in practice. The purpose of this report is ...


Abstract The paper proposes a method to determine the threshold for the iteration stopping criterion based on minimum absolute values of Logarithm Likelihood Ratios (minabsLLR), for turbo codes. The method is based on the simulation of a small number of frames at the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) wanted for Genie stopper benchmark criterion and the use of a constant, deduced from simulations, which depends on the approximate frame error rate (FER). We used the least squares approximation to provide a formula for the threshold, which depends linearly on SNR. For a representative set of lengths, the coefficients of the previous approximation are also approximated by a linear function, using the least squares method. This approximation depends linearly on interleaver length. By using the proposed method, the number of iterations is reduced up to 3 for small and medium SNRs.


Abstract : Experimental results indicate that the apparent activation energy for the steady state or minimum rate creep of silver is not independent of stress and temperature at temperatures well in excess of half the melting point. At sufficiently high temperatures there is a transition from a region in which the apparent activation energy is about 43.8 Kcal/mole, roughly equivalent to that for self diffusion (45 to 46 Kcal/mole), to one in which it is 65 or more Kcal/mole. The higher value of apparent activation energy is extended to lower temperatures at greater values of stress. (Author)


This article examines the strategies initiated by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) to elicit compliance with its disarmament policies from belligerents in Liberia's 1989–96 civil conflict. I propose to tackle the task within a linked and holistic four‐fold approach. First, I situate ECOWAS's intervention in Liberia from 1990 to 1997 within the changing context of international perceptions of multilateral organisation involvement in civil wars. ECOWAS's intervention had different diplomatic phases. The first phase under the Standing Mediation Committee lasted from May 1990‐June 1991, The Committee of Five Process from June 1991‐August 1992, and the Committee of Nine Process from September 1993‐July 1997. Second, I analyse the background for the collapse and the dynamics which fuelled the war in Liberia. Third, I make an empirical analysis of ECOWAS's strategies to elicit compliance from faction groups. I conclude by discussing the impact and lessons of ECOWAS's strategies in Liberia. ...


The invention discloses an enthalpy probe for diagnosing a thermal plasma, which comprises an outer tube, a water in and water out separation tube, an inner tube and a first base, a second base and a third base, wherein the first base, the second base and the third base are all cylinders and hermetically welded together end to end, and the water in and water out separation tube is located between the inner tube and the outer tube and respectively provided with gaps with the inner tube and the outer tube to respectively form a water inlet passage and a water outlet passage; the ends of the outer tube, the water in and water out separation tube and the inner tube are respectively hermetically welded on the inner walls of the first base, the second base and the third base, and the inner tube is communicated with the third base to form an air pumping and sampling passage; the lateral walls of the first base and the second base are respectively provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, and the water inlet passage and the water outlet passage are respectively provided with a water inlet temperature measurement platinum resistor and a water outlet temperature measurement platinum resistor; an air pumping and sampling temperature measurement platinum resistor is arranged inside the third base; and a corundum outer cover is arranged outside the outer tube, and the end of the corundum outer cover is hemispherical. The invention is easy and simple to handle and convenient to disassemble, poor working conditions and high temperature resistance property are considered both in the material selection and the design, and the interference on the plasma can be reduced during the measurement.


ABSTRACT Since Kubler-Ross drew popular attention to psychological and ethical issues in the management of dying patients, a flood of books and articles on the subject has appeared. This book is one of the better ones. It grew from a conference on the management of dying patients at the University of Rochester College of Medicine, a school that has a strong tradition for producing thoughtful studies in psychosomatic medicine. The contributors come from a variety of backgrounds, and they give an unusual richness. Playwright Robert Anderson writes a moving autobiographical account of his responses to his wife's lingering illness and death. Psychohistorian Robert Jay Lifton has a conceptually fuzzy but interesting essay on man's need for a sense of transcendence and immortality. Clergyman Nathaniel Whitcomb writes briefly about ethical issues such as "the right to die." Psychiatrist George Engel describes clinical "signs of giving up" among the grieving and the dying,


A brief description of the resistivity method is given, stressing the points which are of particular importance when working on glaciers. The literature is briefly reviewed.


The present invention provides a method to mitigate rapid hydration by thirst and drinking beverages turmeric high transparency. Container of the invention is characterized in that the beverage package turmeric, turmeric osmolarity of the beverage 800mOsm / kg or less, containing particles of turmeric extract turmeric drinks per 500ml of 3 ~ 50mg curcumin.


1. Experiments indicate that the adult mussel Mytilus californiaus is heterosmotic, yet potentially euryhaline to a considerable degree, although sperm, eggs and larvae are highly stenohaline toward dilution of the environment.2. The tissue-chloride content is close to 1 per cent by wet weight, varying only slightly with season. Mature males show slightly higher chloride values than do the mature females, due to the higher chloride content of testicular tissues than of ovarian tissues.3. Mussels can survive for indefinite periods the sudden and continued exposure of their tissues to sea water diluted by 50 per cent (Cl conc. 0.94 per cent) or water concentrated to half again its normal value (Cl conc. 2.73 per cent to 2.8 per cent). Below or above these two respective extremes, sudden immersion is fatal.4. Within the limits of the physiologically tolerated range indicated, the concentrations of tissue chloride are adjusted to concentrations of chloride in the environment, with maintenance of an approximat...


Trousseau syndrome is the phenomenon in which an occult visceral malignancy is the underlying cause of an unexpected thrombotic event. Trousseau syndrome has a well-established association with advanced primary pancreatic and pulmonary malignancies and others like prostate, stomach, colon, and hematologic malignancies can be associated. Here we report a case from whose initial presentation we thought that it was stroke, but later she developed DVT in both legs and after investigation it was suspicious of carcinoma gall bladder.

Keywords: DVT- deep vein thrombosis, VTE- venous thromboembolism, trousseau syndrome.


Since 1979, Iran has witnessed important socio-economic and institutional changes and has been affected by significant economic and political upheavals. These years have witnessed a succession of oil booms and busts, external war, trade sanctions and of course, more recently, heightened internal strife within the state. After 25 years, however, Iran's political outlook seems opaque to most observers and the economic record is equally lacklustre with many Iranians experiencing a considerable retrogression in their living standards by regional and international standards.1 Since the second half of the 1990s and with the surfacing of a reformist faction within the ruling hierarchy, Iranian state has been beset by a divisive political struggle with different political factions openly competing for political and legislative supremacy. Partly as a consequence of this and partly because of Iran's ability to live off its oil rent, the agenda for economic reform has often been put on the back burner, postponing the largely overdue modernization of Iran's ailing economy.2 In this paper we argue that without fundamental economic and political reform the long term prospects of the Iranian economy will not be bright. First, we offer


Abstract In the Nidovirales order of the Coronaviridae family, where the coronavirus (crown‐like spikes on the surface of the virus) causing severe infections like acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The contagion of this virus categorized as severed, which even causes severe damages to human life to harmless such as a common cold. In this manuscript, we discussed the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus into a system of equations to examine the existence and uniqueness results with the Atangana–Baleanu derivative by using a fixed‐point method. Later, we designed a system where we generate numerical results to predict the outcome of virus spreadings all over India.


This article examines the contribution of women to the armed struggle led by the Peruvian Communist Party, Shining Path. By incorporating women's emancipation into its revolutionary platform, the Maoist party that took up arms against the Peruvian State in 1980 was able to attract a significant female militant presence. However, contradictions emerged between its challenge to traditional gender roles in Peruvian society and the lived experience of women who participated in the group's activities. Indeed, Shining Path female activists have primarily been mobilised in activities related to propaganda, logistics, military intelligence, medical care and reproductive and sexual health, thus limiting the gains otherwise produced by the armed struggle.


PURPOSE
To describe an adaptable and extensive method for orbitotomy in the dog.

METHODS
An adaptable three-step technique for orbitotomy was developed and applied in nine consecutive cases. The steps are zygomatic arch resection laterally, temporalis muscle elevation medially and zygomatic process osteotomy anteriorly-dorsally. The entire orbit is accessed with excellent exposure and room for surgical manipulation. Facial nerve, lacrimal nerve and lacrimal gland function are preserved. The procedure can easily be converted into an orbital exenteration.

RESULTS
Exposure of the orbit was excellent in all cases and anatomically correct closure was achieved. Signs of postoperative discomfort were limited, with moderate, reversible swelling in two cases and mild in seven. Wound infection or emphysema did not occur, nor did any other complication attributable to the operative procedure. Blinking ability and lacrimal function were preserved over follow-up times ranging from 1 to 4 years.

CONCLUSIONS
Transfrontal orbitotomy in the dog offers excellent exposure and room for manipulation. Anatomically correct closure is easily accomplished, postoperative discomfort is limited and complications are mild and temporary.


[Objective]The aim of this experiment is to study the effects of different concentration of ammonia on the antioxidant capacity and the meat quality of broiler chickens.[Method] The study has adopted a single factor completely randomized design.A total of 400 21-day-old Arbor Acres(AA) male broilers were randomly divided into 4 respiratory chambers,and each chamber was a treatment with 4 replicates,and 25 broilers in each replicate.The following concentrations of ammonia were set in different groups:3 mg·kg-1(control group),(25±3),(50±3),(75±3) mg·kg-1 respectively.The respiratory chambers controlled the environment with full-automation.The entire experimental period was 21 days:the starter phase was 21-31 d,and the later phase was 32-42 d.Broilers were provided ad libitum access to feed and water in nets.The antioxidant capacity of blood and muscle,and meat quality were determined at 32 d and 42 d of age.[Result](1) Antioxidant capacity:At 21-31 d of age,with ammonia concentration increasing,the activity of SOD showed a quadratic increase(P0.05),and the activity of T-AOC(total antioxidation capacity) and the content of MDA(malondialdehyde) showed a linear increase(P0.05) in serum.The activity of CAT(catalase) and the content of MDA in the breast muscle showed a linear increase trend(0.05P0.10),and the activity of T-AOC showed a linear decrease(P0.05) in breast muscle.The activity of T-AOC showed a linear increase trend(0.05P0.10) in thigh muscle of broilers,and the activity of SOD(superoxide dismutase) of broilers in 75 mg·kg-1group was higher than in others(P0.05).The activity of CAT in liver showed a linear decrease trend(0.05P0.10),the content of MDA showed a linear increase(P0.05).At 32-42 d of age,with ammonia concentration increasing,the activity of GSH-Px(glutathione peroxidase) showed a quadratic decrease(P0.05),and the activity of CAT showed a linear decrease in serum of broiler(P0.05).The activity of SOD in serum in the 50 mg·kg-1 group was lower than that in the control(P0.05).The activity of CAT showed a linear increase(P0.05),and activity of T-AOC showed a quadratic decrease in breast muscle(P0.05).The activity of GSH-Px showed a quadratic increase(P0.05) in thigh muscle of broilers.The activity of SOD in thigh muscle of broilers exposed to 75 mg·kg-1 was significantly higher than other groups(P0.05).With ammonia concentration increasing,the activity of T-AOC in the liver showed a quadratic increase trend(0.05P0.10).The activity of GSH-Px showed a linear decrease in liver(P0.05).(2) Meat quality:At 21-31 d of age,with ammonia concentration increasing,the shear force and the values of b* showed a linear decrease(P0.05),on the contrary,the values of L* showed a linear increase in breast muscle(P0.05),but the values of L* in the thigh muscle showed a linear decrease(P0.05),and the values of a* and p H 24 h showed a quadratic increase(P0.05).The values of b* showed a linear decrease trend(0.05P0.10).At 32-42 d of age,with ammonia concentration increasing,the shear force and the values of a* showed a linear decrease(P0.05),but the values of b* and p H 24 h showed a linear increase in breast muscle(P0.05).The values of L* in breast muscle of broilers exposed to 50 mg·kg-1 were significantly higher than the other groups.The values of p H 45 min in thigh muscle showed a quadratic increase trend(0.05P0.10).[Conclusion]The result suggested that,ammonia in broiler houses adversely affects on antioxidant capacity and meat quality.Moreover,the adverse effects of ammonia could be worse with increased concentration and exposure period.


This paper presents a full custom design of an energy-efficient and high-performance Add-Compare-Select (ACS) unit. The ACS circuit is a main building block in a stateparallel architecture based Viterbi decoder implementation. The proposed ACS circuit is implemented in 90 nm CMOS using static logic. A standard ACS circuit is also implemented for comparison purposes. The proposed ACS circuit provides high throughput rate at 617 Mbps with relatively low energy requirement. By using full-custom design paradigm, both ACS blocks are designed with fewer transistors and the resultant layouts occupy smaller areas.


Using simplified PC-SAFT we have modeled gas solubilities at high temperatures and pressures for the gases methane and carbon dioxide in each of the three polymers high-density polyethylene (HDPE), nylon polyamide-11 (PA-11), and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). In general the results are satisfactory, using in most cases a single, temperature-independent value of the binary interaction parameter. In the cases of methane in HDPE and PVDF, a temperature-dependent binary interaction parameter was required. New pure component polymer parameters for PA-11 and PVDF were obtained using a recently developed prediction scheme which does not rely on binary experimental data.


The energy levels of lithiumlike bismuth are shown to be accurately described in a representation-independent manner when all diagrams involving one and two photons, with the exception of the two-loop Lamb shift, are evaluated. Comparison with the experimental value of the 2p{sub 3/2}-2s{sub 1/2} splitting then shows that, assuming three-photon effects are negligible, the contribution of the two-loop Lamb shift is 0.175(39) eV.


A microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based structure capable of operating mechanically as a directional acoustical sensor is presented. The structure, fabricated through the commercially available SOIMUMPS foundry process, consists of two circular discs attached to a central suspension beam, fixed at both ends. The design of the structure resembles other directional MEMS microphones that mimic the directional hearing organ of the parasitoid fly, Ormia ochracea. Modal analysis and mechanical acoustic directionality analysis using both laser Doppler vibrometry and finite element modelling have been implemented. It is demonstrated that this coupled MEMS structure exhibits an acoustic directional response, with a one-to-one relationship between the relative vibration amplitudes of the two coupled discs and the angle of sound, from −75° to +60°.


Arthritis is a form of joint disorder that involves inflammation of one or more joints. Pain, which can vary in severity, is a common symptom in virtually all types of arthritis. The present study is a comparative study between rheumatoid arthritis and polyarthritis with respect to various parameters such as RF, CRP, ESR and VAS. As results, the comparison between these types of arthritis is statistically significant (p < 0.05) between RA and PA with respect to RF, CRP, ESR and VAS. The relationship among these parameters was also found to be correlated. Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, polyarthritis, correlation and statistical significant Cite this Article: Parth Sarthi, Jay Praksh, Hom Nath Dhungana, et al. A Comparative study between rheumatoid arthritis and polyarthritis with respect to rheumatoid factor (RF), (C-reactive protein) CRP, (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) ESR and VAS (visual analogue scale). Research and Reviews: Journal of Medical Science and Technology (RRJoMST) . 2015; 4(1): 5–7p


In this paper, we propose an ASP system for shopping path analysis and a cloud based system with the necessary analysis service for marketing strategies that combines sales data with shopping path data. This paper explains a recommendation system based on position information or an application that calculates a basic marketing indicator using shopping path data by introducing a framework of ASP for shopping path analysis. Because the proposed ASP service is built on a cloud based system, the users can easily access the service through the web based interface and perform large-scale data processing using the computational resources of the cloud based system at low cost.


Purpose – This paper aims to introduce the concept of admiration for members of other countries as an emotion related to people's perceptions of, and preference for, products that originate from the admired country. It also aims to examine the longitudinal effects of animosity.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected by asking members of an internet consumer panel in the USA to complete an online questionnaire. A total of 300 questionnaires were received and 20 were eliminated for extremeness. Panel members were aged 18 and above and the average age of the sample was 44; 60 percent of the participants are female.Findings – The effects of animosity on the preference for foreign products attenuate over time. Admiration is positively related to a preference for a product from an admired country over a product from another country. Admiration was found to be positively related to Japanese product judgments.Originality/value – The paper extends the work of Klein, and suggests that animosity can be dis...


Cross section and analyzing power measurements are presented for /sup 12/C(p,p') inelastic scattering to the first excited 2/sup +/ state at E/sub x/ = 4.44 MeV in /sup 12/C at bombarding energies of 122, 160, and 200 MeV. The angular range up to theta/sub c.m./ = 156/sup 0/, corresponding to a momentum transfer of approx.1100 MeV/c, was measured. An analysis using the distorted-wave t-matrix approximation with density dependent interactions has been carried out. Calculations using different representations of the effective t matrix demonstrate that measurements at large momentum transfer are sensitive to the off-shell behavior of the interaction. We find, however, that other input parameters to the model, such as distorting potentials or transition densities, are also important.