Energy-shaping control methods have produced strong theoretical results for asymptotically stable 3D bipedal dynamic walking in the literature. In particular, geometric controlled reduction exploits robot symmetries to control momentum conservation laws that decouple the sagittal-plane dynamics, which are easier to stabilize. However, the associated control laws require high-dimensional matrix inverses multiplied with complicated energy-shaping terms, often making these control theories difficult to apply to highly-redundant humanoid robots. This paper presents a first step towards the application of energy-shaping methods on real robots by casting controlled reduction into a framework of constrained accelerations for inverse dynamics control. By representing momentum conservation laws as constraints in acceleration space, we construct a general expression for desired joint accelerations that render the constraint surface invariant. By appropriately choosing an orthogonal projection, we show that the unconstrained (reduced) dynamics are decoupled from the constrained dynamics. Any acceleration-based controller can then be used to stabilize this planar subsystem, including passivity-based methods. The resulting control law is surprisingly simple and represents a practical way to employ control theoretic stability results in robotic platforms. Simulated walking of a 3D compass-gait biped show correspondence between the new and original controllers, and simulated motions of a 16-DOF humanoid demonstrate the applicability of this method.


A 75-year-old woman was anaesthetised for repair of a left inguinal hernia. She had a history of hypertension and an hiatus hernia. Her baseline readings before anaesthesia were: arterial blood pressure 125/80 mmHg, pulse rate 90 beats/minute and an oxygen saturation 91 YO breathing air. After pre-oxygenation and with the application of cricoid pressure, a sleep dose of thiopentone was administered followed by suxamethonium to facilitate tracheal intubation. She was transferred to the operating threatre and attached to a Manley Blease ventilator supplied by an Ohmeda Excel 410 anaesthetic machine. The gas flows were set with oxygen at 2 litres/minute and nitrous oxide 4 litres/minute with 0.5% isoflurane. Monitoring comprised an ECG, noninvasive blood pressure, pulse oximeter, an inspired oxygen analyser and a capnograph. It was noted that with these flow settings the inspired oxygen analyser showed only 23-25% oxygen and the pulse oximeter an oxygen saturation of 92-9470. The gas flows were changed to 4 litres/minute of oxygen and 4 litres/minute of nitrous oxide; the oxygen analyser then registered 35-36%. A fault was suspected with the analyser so it was changed, but the readings were unaltered. The patient's lungs were ventilated through a Mapleson D system with the same gas flows and the analyser then registered 39-42Oh oxygen. The ventilator was changed and another brought back into the system but this led to decreasing inspired oxygen concentrations. The capnograph throughout all this time showed an end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration of 5-6.2%, and with gas flows of O,:N,O of 2:4 litres/minute it showed an expired nitrous oxide concentration of 8O-82%. The pipelines were disconnected at this stage and cylinder gases supplied with hand ventilation until senior help arrived. The difficulties were demonstrated to a consultant and it was found that with gas flows of O,:N,O of 2:4 litres/minute, the inspired oxygen concentrations at both the common gas outlet of the anaesthetic machine and the inspiratory limb of the ventilator were now only 16%. The patient's oxygen saturation decreased to 90% at this stage and the inspired mixture was changed to oxygen 2 litres/minute and air 4 litres/minute, with 1 % isoflurane. The analysers now registered 34-36% oxygen and the pulse oximeter showed 93-95% oxygen saturation. It was decided to carry on since the operation was nearly complete and reject the machine afterwards. The machine was removed from the operating theatre and examined by an Ohmeda service engineer. He found that there was a leak at the top of the oxygen Rotameter which it was believed could be cured with the application of silicon grease, and this was done. However, our equipment unit was not satisfied with this and the machine was removed to their workshop where, the following day in the presence of an official from the Department of Health, the top of the Rotameter block was removed and the '0' ring at the top of the oxygen flowmeter was found to be split in two (Fig. I). Thus oxygen was leaking out of the system and an hypoxic mixture was being delivered. The '0' rings are made of an antistatic fluorocarbon, viton, and are supposed to be changed annually as part of a routine service, but although this machine had been serviced the previous week the rings were not changed. Ohmeda, having discovered this fault, were informed and the other nine similar machines in the operating theatre suite were examined but none had a faulty '0' ring. The leak around the '0 ring was made worse by back pressure from the ventilator and interestingly this particular operation was being performed in the day case operating theatre where the ventilator had not been used Fig. 1. The Split '0' ring.


New York's big modernist event in the fall of 1989 was the opening of the exhibition 'Picasso and Braque: Pioneering Cubism' at the Museum of Modern Art, the swan song of retiring Director of the Department of Painting and Sculpture, William Rubin.1 Now was the culminating moment for Rubin to present his version of the formation of that foundational style of twentieth-century art, when two men heroically 'pioneered' Cubist form. This view of artmaking has long been associated with MoMA, which has stood for an unchanging canon of artists who singlehandedly (or, as in this celebrated case, collaboratively) created the greatest artistic achievements of modern art through personal 'genius' alone. Thus Rubin's narrowing the phenomenon of Cubism to the interaction of two men, despite the scores of artists and critics who participated in and theorized its manifestations, and his rigid focus on the biographies of Picasso and Braque, with little reference to social or historical issues, was thoroughly consonant with the version of modern art that unfolds in the display of MoMA's permanent collection.2 To celebrate this unprecedented two-man Cubist retrospective,3 in November 1989 Rubin assembled 25 Picasso and Braque scholars from France, Germany, England, Russia, and America in a fourday closed-door symposium, the proceedings of which were published last fall as a companion volume to his exhibition catalogue.4 A number of the essays raise issues quite new to Cubism studies, looking at ways Cubist art practices relate to French nationalist politics before the First World War, to issues of gender, to a plurality of cultural meanings and valences.5 Such complex historical considerations have been taken up only recently in this field, both encouraging in itself and appropriate as part of any dialogue on Cubism and its meanings.6 The pluralism of Rubin's concept, however, was largely defeated in the event itself. The discussions accompanying each paper disclose more succinctly than one would have thought possible the restricted terms of discourse at MoMA, its extraordinary deafness to voices in the street and beyond, and the remarkable comfort with which Cubism's procrustean bed can be shared by old-fashioned formalists like Rubin and cryptoformalists like Yve-Alain Bois and Rosalind Krauss. The symposium's closed doors beautifully symbolized the exclusion of art historians of broader expertise than 'Picasso and Braque', not to mention historians of other aspects of Modernism who might have disturbed the focus on Cubism as a dialogue of two.7 The event's reductive discourse elegantly demonstrated how Rubin could nod in the direction of cultural studies even as the discussion proceeded along the well-worn formalist path, albeit with some semiotic twists and turns. This discourse was thoroughly in tune with the sort of event Rubin wanted, if the introduction to his catalogue can be taken as evidence. There Rubin has appropriated and decontextualized the importance of anarchist theory for an understanding of Picasso and his circle,8 by assimilating his cultural politics into an evocation of artistic temperament, a politics of essentialism. Thus in Rubin's introduction Picasso is declared to be 'anarchic by instinct', and his 'subversion of Western art' in the service of


If you work in the health, housing or social services fields, and you visit clients in their homes to provide services, you can make use of our Health, Housing & Social Services Referral Scheme.


The biotechnology has advanced with the pass of the years, to preserve and improve exemplary of the representative breeds throught methods such as: freezing of semen conventional and sexing, production of conventional embryos and fertilization in vitro FIV, among others. In the Colombian corporation of agricultural research (CORPOICA), started with the production of embryos by the conventional method with the breeds Romosinuano and "Blanco Oreginegro" (BON), making crosses with the different breeds such as: Angus, Piemontese y Holstein. The marketing of the final product is through a catalogue with the information obtained of the databases of them animals, used for the embryos and semen production. For the freezing of semen, began a new service by the corporation to external to the entity CORPOICA farmers wishing to bring their animals to collection and freezing, in this case was carried out with the Brahman and Simmental breed animals.


The Citroën model "DS 19" did not have the model redesign itself, however it was created as a Brand. The Brand "DS" was inspired by the companies that were strictly concerned with modifying the machines coming directly from the factories by adding them aesthetic in terms of performance. This article is based on the research of Citroën cars, forgotten by many people, where the model "DS 19" will have appearance and proposal of more dynamic, innovative and modern design. Design), Powerful Engine Perspectives, Combination Trends (Land + Air, Flying Cars), Design Creation: Automotive


The EU has become a loose kind of social federation. Yet the political support for a distinct social policy agenda of the EU remains doubtful. This paper re-examines the cases both for concerted efforts in social policy and for the EU level to play an indispensable role. A theory and policy of "laboratory federalism" is suggested that takes into account that the EU has yet to build consensus as regards its role in social policy matters. The corresponding method of social policy coordination, laboratory standardization, is contrasted to the Open method of Coordination adopted at the Nice Summit.


A water-balance instrument cluster that included distributed snow-depth measurements and vertical profiles of soil temperature and volumetric water content was deployed in summer and fall of 2007 at the Southern Sierra Critical Zone Observatory (CZO), at an elevation of 1,600-2,000 m. The CZO is co-located with the Kings River Experimental Watersheds, a U.S. Forest Service integrated watershed research site. Instruments were deployed to capture both northand south-facing aspects, as well as differences in canopy cover across the instrument cluster.


Science and technology increasingly developed today, is a new - cloud computing is a new technology, put forward by the study of cloud computing most came up from the cloud structure. For specific to give full play to the advantages of cloud computing, this paper for the use of cloud computing in information resource sharing management issues related to the corresponding elaboration, make the development of information resource sharing management more explicit, to show the readers the cloud computing technology and features in the future.


The surface of the semiconductor device having a substrate onto two different different films than two is formed on the substrate film on the formed chemically, grinding resistance during grinding when flattened by the mechanical polishing is provided in close proximity to the surface of the semiconductor device to be polished strain gage to be detected by. In addition, the end of the polishing process is determined based on the change amount of the detection signal obtained from the strain gauges.


Due to their high energy and power density, excellent efficiencies and long life time lithium ion batteries have become the dominating energy storage technology for the new generation of Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) and full electric vehicles (EV). However, there is still considerable improvement needed to achieve extended driving range and to reduce significantly the cost of battery packs. For these reasons, the development of new high capacity, safe and lower cost cathode materials is necessary.


Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are the two most important anthropogenic greenhouse gases. The near-infrared nadir spectra of reflected solar radiation measured by SCIAMACHY on-board ENVISAT contain information on the vertical columns of these gases which we retrieve using a new version of the scientific algorithm WFM-DOAS (version 1.0). Our main data products are column-averaged dry air mole fractions (XCO2 in ppm and XCH4 in ppb) determined by simultaneous measurements of the dry air mass obtained from oxygen (O2) for carbon dioxide and CO2 for methane. The SCIAMACHY data set is unique because of the high sensitivity of the near-infrared measurements with respect to concentration changes in the atmospheric boundary layer. This sensitivity is a pre-requisite to get information on regional surface sources and sinks which are currently only poorly constrained globally by atmospheric measurements. We present a short overview about the processed data set covering the time period 2003-2005.


Objective To observe the effects of pulmonary stretch reflex on heart rate in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)in rats.Methods Eighteen Wistar rats were randomly and averagely divided into 2 groups,control group and model group.The chronic obstructive pulmonary disease model was established by passive cigarette smoking plus intratracheal insti11ation of lipopolysaccharide.When the lung stretched and deflated,the electrocardiogram of two groups was recorded and heart rate was counted.Results The heart rate slowed down in both groups when the lung continuously dilated or deflated,and it was slower in control group than model group when the lung dilated(P0.05) but no significant difference when the lung deflated.(P0.05).Conclusion Pulmonary stretch reflex can reduce heart rate.COPD will weaken the effect of pulmonary stretch reflex on heart rate of rats.


This article concerns with a stylistic analysis on a poem in terms of Systemic Functional Linguistics and Verbal Art Semiotics. The writing uses library research, qualitative data, documentary study, descriptive method, and intrinsic objective approach. The semantic analysis results in both automatized and foregrounded meanings. Then the automatized meaning produces lexical cohesion and in turn, it produces subject matter. Meanwhile, the foregrounded meaning produces the literary meaning and in turn, it creates theme. Finally, the analysis indicates that the subject matter is about the human characteristics, the literary meaning is about parental sadness and happiness, and the theme is about hereditary experience.


Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas that is emitted from wastewater treatment plants. To reduce emissions of N2O from swine wastewater treatment plants, we constructed an experimental aerobic bioreactor packed with carbon fibres (ca. 1 m3 bioreactor) as an alternative to conventional activated sludge treatment. The N2O emission factor for the aerobic bioreactor packed with carbon fibres (CF) was 0.002 g N2O-N/g TN-load and the value for the typical activated sludge (AS) reactor was 0.013 g N2O-N/g TN-load. The CF treatment method achieved more than 80% reduction of N2O emissions, compared with the AS treatment method. The experimental introduction of a CF carrier into an actual wastewater treatment plant also resulted in a large reduction in N2O generation. Specifically, the N2O emission factors decreased from 0.040 to 0.005 g N2O-N/g TN-load following application of the carrier. This shows that it is possible to reduce N2O generation by more than 80% by using a CF carrier during the operation of an actual wastewater treatment plant. Some bacteria from the phylum Chloroflexi, which are capable of reducing N2O emissions, were detected at a higher frequency in the biofilm on the CF carrier than in the biofilm formed on the AS reactor.


This manuscript introduces the measurements of the snow surface features on the Antarctic ice sheet with the terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and the SnowMicroPen (SMP) and tries to approach the wind-packing process. First of all I would like to express my sincere respect for authors' effort to obtain the valuable data under harsh conditions. I am quite sure that these measurements and the deduced facts are informative and important to recognize the change in the snow surface features. However, I have got the impression that explanations and the deduced conclusions described here remained qualitative and look wishy-washy. This manuscript needs more polite explanations and robust concluding for the publication. Presumably, at this stage, this manuscript will be more suitable for the "Letters" than the "Article". I suggest followings comments are also taken in to account. Page 2, line 12: Height of the SPC sensor needs to be shown in order to recognize the drifting snow flux introduced below properly. Page 2, line 19: It looks wind speeds at 1 m and 3.5 m are shown together without


We present the first results from a series of Chandra observations carried out with the aim to examine the origin of X-ray emission in main-sequence late B-type stars. X-ray detections of late-B and early A-type stars have remained a mystery as none of the two major theories for stellar X-ray emission applies in this spectral range: while O- and early B-type stars drive strong winds that are subject to instabilities, late-type stars produce X-rays as a result of magnetic dynamo action. Since any dynamo works only in the presence of a convective zone, early-type stars are not magnetically active. We use high spatial resolution X-ray observations to enlighten the prevalent speculation that previously unknown late-type or low-mass companion stars are the sites of the X-ray emission, instead of the B-type primaries. Here we present the results for HD 1685, HD 113703, HD 123445, HD 133880, and HD 169978. Adaptive optics observations have recently revealed at least one faint object near each of these B-type stars (at separation of 1 6 00 ). Four of the new infrared objects show infrared colors and magnitudes typical for low-mass pre-main sequence stars, and are likely true companions to the 10-50 Myr old B-type stars. These multiple systems are now resolved for the first time in X-ray light. We uncover that four of the new companions are X-ray emitters, and the fifth one is likely to be a weak X-ray source below the detection limit. Three of the B-type primaries are X-ray dark down to the detection limit of Lx 10 28 erg/s. But we do detect X-ray emission from the position of HD 1685 A and HD 169978 A. The latter one indeed is a spectroscopic binary. The characteristics of all X-ray sources are compatible with those of typical young late-type stars: hard X-ray spectrum (kT > 0:5 keV) and high X-ray luminosity (log Lx 29:::30 erg/s). Spectroscopic observations in the infrared will solve the question whether the one remaining X-ray detected B-star in our sample, HD 1685 A, also has an even closer companion or whether this is an intrinsic X-ray emitter.


Successful engineering of complex software systems require humans to engage collaboratively in multiple critical process elements. This paper identifies those necessary process elements and defines WinWin, a collaborative process model that addresses the process elements. It briefly describes a process support system for the WinWin model.


Submitted for the DPP10 Meeting of The American Physical Society Improvement of the numerical matching technique for resistive MHD stability analysis1 M. FURUKAWA, Grad. Sch. Frontier Sci., Univ. Tokyo, S. TOKUDA, RIST — We have developed a new numerical matching technique for linear stability analysis of resistive MHD modes [1]. This technique utilizes an inner layer with a finite width, which is in contrast to the asymptotic matching where the inner layer is taken to be infinitely thin. This singular nature of the asymptotic matching introduces some practical difficulties. For example, the accurate numerical calculation of the so-called matching data is not easy. In the new matching technique, we solve the MHD equation including (excluding) plasma inertia and electrical resistivity in the inner layer (outer region) as in the asymptotic matching. However, those difficulties are removed since we do not need to tackle the singularity head-on if the inner-layer width is finite. In this study, we improve our technique by correcting the outer-region solution in a successive manner, where the plasma inertia and resistivity are taken into account. The ideal MHD solution in the previous study [1] serves as the zeroth-order solution. [1] M. Furukawa, S. Tokuda and L. -J. Zheng, Phys. Plasmas vol.17, 052502 (2010). 1This work was supported by KAKENHI(19760595). Masaru Furukawa Grad. Sch. Frontier Sci., Univ. Tokyo Date submitted: 15 Jul 2010 Electronic form version 1.4


respectively symbolizing the pope's mortality and transience in life create a problem: if the pope represents the church when he is alive, what happens to the church when he "returns to being a man"that is, what happens when he dies? (p. ). The solution reflects, in part, the growing power of the cardinals. As Paravicini-Bagliani writes, "The message of these rites is clear: the pope's body is destined to die, but through the entire period of the vacancy, the corpus Ecclesiae (body of the church) is entrusted to an institutional body, the 'body of the cardinals' (corpus cardinalium)" (p. ). Only having established the development and significance of these rituals and their relation to ecclesiastical reform can Paravicini-Bagliani make sense of the development of papal medicine. He remarks that it was not until the papacy of Innocent IIIwhich ushered in the thirteenth centurythat we have anyone identified as a "papal doctor." Parallel to the emergence of the rituals that emphasized the mortality and transience of the pope's body was a medical responseone that sought to preserve the health of the pope, even prolong it by administering elixirs of potable gold. Unfortunately, the sections on medicine in The Pope's Body may be difficult to grasp for those who do not have much background in medieval history. Whereas in the chapters on rituals, Paravicini-Bagliani not only describes but also analyzes his information, his writings on medicine are more purely descriptive. I suspect that this may be because there is so little historical literature to draw upon concerning the interplay between medicine and religion. Nonetheless, it is something of a disappointment that Paravicini-Bagliani leaves so much to the reader's imagination in the sections on the care of the body after being so rhetorically powerful in the first  pages of his book. Criticism aside, this is an important work, and readers of English are fortunate that they have only had to wait a few years between the  Italian original and David Peterson's  translation. It is a testament to Peterson's skill as a translator that he remains true to Paravicini-Bagliani's words without sacrificing fluidity. We can only hope that in the context of this work may come more studies into medieval medicine and religion.


The first application of a carbene precursor as both an organocatalyst and a ligand for transition-metal catalysis in asymmetric boration reactions is presented.


In the plastic industry for mold making, pocket milling is applied. The surface finish of the mold affects the quality of the plastic product, especially for toys. This can be achieved by minimising the surface roughness of the mold. To get a good quality product with a better production rate, the selection of the best combination of parameters in pocket milling is necessary. Multi-response optimisation can be applied for selecting such parameters which are suited for fulfilling the objective. In this study, one of the toy mold designs is selected as a pocket profile on which, two tool trajectories, viz Follow Periphery (FP) and Zigzag (ZZ), are applied for generation of pocket by varying Speed (S), Feed (F) and Step Over (SO). Box–Behnken Response Surface Methodology is applied to find the experimental runs. Two conflicting objectives minimising Surface Roughness (SR) and maximising Material Removal Rate (MRR) are obtained by applying Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA). Conformational experiments were conducted for the random set of Pareto results obtained from MOGA for both the tool trajectories to validate the model. From the analysis, it is observed that the FP tool path strategy is well suited to generate the pocket to get minimum SR and maximum MRR as the error percentage between the predicted and test results observed is 0.8085% for SR and 0.9236% for MRR.


Unique place-names are essential for scientific fieldwork in Antarctica. This shorter contribution describes how duplication of place-names in British Antarctic Territory has been avoided by the systematic naming of geographically related features according to groups of associated ideas. One such theme, commemorating pioneers in the development of photogrammetry, recognizes the important contribution of photogrammetry to Antarctic mapping and research.


The intrinsic proton buffering power (beta 1) of individual rat hippocampal and neocortical neurones maintained in culture has been investigated using the fluorescent dye 2', 7'‐bis(carboxymethyl)‐5, 6‐(carboxyfluorescein) (BCECF). The steady‐state intracellular pH (pH1) was estimated to be 7.03 +/− 0.04 (n = 22) in Hepes‐buffered media and beta 1 estimated from the addition and removal of weak bases was ca 10 mM (pH unit)‐1 at pH1 values near to 7. Estimates of beta 1 made from butyric acid challenges were inconsistent with estimates made at the same pH1, using NH4Cl withdrawal. However, estimating beta 1 with butyrate in the presence of the monocarboxylate ion transport inhibitor alpha‐cyano‐hydroxy‐cinnamate (CHC) yielded beta 1 values commensurate with those measured using NH4Cl. Application of CHC alone lead to a rapid fall in pH1, suggesting a significant contribution of the monocarboxylate transporter to pH1 regulation. beta 1 was also estimated from a step increase in extracellular P(CO2). This yielded a value of 11 mM at an average pH1 of 7.1, which is similar to that of the other estimates reported here. beta 1 was found to increase with decreasing pH1: each unit drop in pH1 increased buffering power by about 60%. Blockade of pH1 regulation did not significantly affect estimates of beta 1. The change in buffering power with pH could be closely modelled from the known concentrations of free amino acids and organic phosphates.


The ultra-wide band characteristic basis function method (UCBFM) is an efficient approach for analyzing wide band scattering problems because ultra-wide characteristic basis functions (UCBFs) can be reused for any frequency sample in the range of interest. However, the errors of the radar cross section calculated by using the UCBFs are usually large at low frequency points. To mitigate this problem, an improved UCBFM is presented. Improved UCBFs (IUCBFs) are derived from primary characteristic basis functions and secondary level characteristic basis functions (SCBFs) by applying a singular value decomposition procedure at the highest frequency point. This method fully considers the mutual coupling effects among sub-blocks to obtain the SCBFs. Therefore, the accuracy is improved at lower frequency points because of the higher quantity of current information contained in the IUCBFs. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method is accurate and efficient.


U.S. citizens participate directly in rulemaking---a deliberate agenda-setting process designed to elicit, sort, and clarify fact and opinion from a wide variety of interested parties. The rulemaking process offers a directness and scope for public participation unavailable in other policy-making processes [1].


Beltway buffers are operating system I/O paths optimised for high-throughput network applications. The key architectural feature of Beltway buffers is that all I/O takes place in long-lived, allocation-free, shared ringbuffers. Advantages of this design are (1) improved throughput through system-wide copy, context-switch and allocation avoidance and judicious use of the data cache, (2) transparent integration of peripheral hardware and (3) simplicity and familiarity due to comprehensive use of the POSIX file interface for accessing streams.


In MIMO-OFDM systems, a phase tracking scheme is affected by intercarrier interference (ICI) and cochannel interference (CCI) caused by residual frequency offset. In this paper, we propose a feedback phase tracking scheme to eliminate the effect of both ICI and CCI for MIMO-OFDM systems. The proposed scheme estimates the amount of residual frequency offset in the frequency domain, and compensates for it in the time domain. Thus, the effect of ICI can be reduced. Furthermore, we consider two ways for multiple channel estimation to eliminate the effect of CCI. First is the method that employs midambles. Second is the one that reuses a preamble. Thus, the channel estimation is carried out several times within the packet, and the effect of CCI can be reduced. Simulation results show the proposed scheme can compensate for residual frequency offset and CCI more accurately, and improve the PER performance.


We present a simulation based investigation of the dependence of the device characteristics on the quantum well width in AlGaAs/GaAs quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) through the ensemble Monte Carlo technique. The simulations on two dierent standard Al0:3Ga0:7As/GaAs QWIPs with quantum well widths of 36 and 44 A have shown that the gain in the former is considerably higher, which is due to much longer lifetime of the photoexcited electrons as a result of lower capture probability in the device. We discuss this observation by the investigation of the electron scattering rates in these structures through realistically evaluated scattering mechanisms between two and three-dimensional states in the multi-quantum well structure.


In this paper, we propose a periodic structure that is capable of alternating between absorption and radiation mode. The designed periodic structure consists of an array of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$6\times 6$ </tex-math></inline-formula> square shaped unit cell. Each unit cell consists of a multi-layered structure, with dimensions of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.5\lambda \times 0.5\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The resonators are placed on the top layer and the feeding network is designed and implemented on the bottom layer. The ground layer is sandwiched between the two dielectric substrates. All resonators are connected to a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$50\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> feed-line using the corporate feeding technique. To achieve broadband absorption, lumped resistors are inserted into the resonators. The proposed metasurface structure achieves broadband radiation, with low RCS and high gain, in the propagation direction whereas broadband absorption is achieved, when it is exposed to a free space plane wave. Moreover, the metamaterial absorber has stable absorptivity for an incident angle of (0°–30°). To verify the in-band absorption and radiation of the proposed design, a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$6\times 6$ </tex-math></inline-formula> periodic array of resonators has been fabricated and experimentally verified in an anechoic chamber. The measured results validate the performed simulations.


Attention is drawn to the fact that improvements are possible in the field of lighting. Research was undertaken to develop an in-situ electronic corrector for headlamps so as to improve comfort and safety. An electronic device was designed, the aim of which is to eliminate the black hole effect when switching from full headlights to dipped headlights. This device has not been marketed yet. (TRRL)


I n 2007, only 1.2% of insured people received treatment from dental clinic of community hospitals in Nonthaburi. This survey aimed to study insured people's attitude and the marketing mix that insured people considered for dental clinic choosing. The total of 400 insured people were selected through the simple random sampling from insured people in dental clinic of 5 community hospitals. A tool to collect data was a structured questionnaire with reliability 0.96. The findings were as follow: most of insured people were female, their incomes were less than 10,000 bahts/month. The convenient day was Saturday or Sunday at the time interval 04:30–08:30 p.m. The marketing mix that insured people gave precedence were 1) the price that lower than of private dental clinics or private hospitals 2) the personality, the human relations and the capacity of the dentists and 3) making appointment if they needed continued treatment. Thus, low service charge rate or extra service charge, appointment system, equality of service quality will be insured people's consideration for dental clinic choosing.


Objective:To establish an LC-MS method for quantitative determination of oridonin in dog plasma and provide a reliable method to evaluate the pharmacokinetics profile of oridonin in dogs.Methods:Shim-pack VP-ODS(150 mm×2.0 mm,5 μm) column,acetonitrile-water(50∶50)mobile phase system,HPLC/electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection(HPLC/ESI-MS),and acetic ether were developed to quantitatively determine oridonin in dog plasma.The stability and repeatability of the method were evaluated.Results:The assay was found to be linear for oridonin concentration in the range 0.0125 μg·mL-1 to 6.4 μg·mL-1,with a lower limit of quantification of 0.0125 μg·mL-1.The extractive recovery was 71.18%-76.99%.The intra-day and inter-day precision of the method were 2.4%-5.0% and 1.2%-6.3% respectively.Stability studies indicated that oridonin in dog plasma was stable for 30 min at room temperature,24 h after sample pretreatment process,store at-24 ℃ for 14 days and was also stable over three freeze–thaw cycles.All of the relative standard deviation were less than 15% respectively.Conclusions:This method is highly feasible and reproducible.It may be a reliable technology to study pharmacokineties of oridonin in dogs.


DR. SCOTT HOLMES IS PROFESSOR OF Accounting at the University of Arizona, Tucson, United States, and was previously at the University of Queensland, Australia. Cary Kelly is a lecturer in the department adn Ross Cunningham a senior lecturer in the Departmet of Statistic at the Australian National University. Prior research has identified various stages in the lfie of a small enterprise. These states are commonly combined to produce a business life cycle. This paper proposed that small enterprise consists of a serios f interrelated cycles and as such, the presentation of an overall life cycle provides and over-simplified view of the firm. the concept of the information sub-cycle is introduced, which in itself can take many forms. Logistics regression modelling techniques incorporating those variables which appera to be significant in infulecing the level of accounting information prepared or acquired are applied to the development of an information cycle. The result obtained indicate that the acquistion and /or preparation of a relatively detailed level of accounting information is dependent on firm age, size, industry membership and level of owner-manger education. the pattern which emerges from these results supports the revision of traditional life cycle concepts. in particular, the need to segment the firm into severl sun-cycle is recommended.


and Psychopy4. Psychtoolbox is a toolbox written for Matlab, a commercially available software for signal processing. Psychopy is an open-source platform-independent program written under Python, a very popular programming tool. Visionegg is another open-source software for generating stimuli. Other programs include Presentation, e-Prime, and Psykinematix. These programs are commercial products and the prices vary up to more than 1000$. Some of them have been reported in the scientific literature, and the rest rely on advertisement for keeping the scientists informed. We will evaluate each program briefly and rate several aspects including source code availability, platform independence and community size in the following text.


The aim of this study is to understand the smoking prevalence and use patterns among athletes in the province of Cesena. Smoking habit has been measured through clinical medical records of 1160 athletes. 19,1% of the sample is smoked (19,5% of males and 16,3% of females). Athletes of intermediate ages are more likely to be smokers, especially subjects within an age range from 20 to 24 years old (35,6%). Most of the athletes are moderate smokers: 59,4% of the subjects smoke less then 10 cigarettes a day. Results show that athletes in individual sports are less likely to smoke than athletes in team sports (12,8% vs. 22,4%). Based on the data, interventions should be planned and implemented to reduce the rate of smoking among athletes. Intervention strategies should include policy changes and educational and awareness projects.


Three assumptions underly safe inference from an analysis of variance of soil data from designed experiments and surveys. They are (a) that the residuals are normally distributed, (b) that the within‐groups variances are equal and (c) that effects of treatments and blocks are additive. Small departures from these assumptions are unlikely to affect conclusions because the analysis is robust. Large departures could have serious consequences, however. The most common departures in the real world of the soil are strongly positively skewed distributions of the observed values, many of which are approximately lognormal. In those situations, transformation of the data to logarithms should lead to analyses from which inferences are sound and to confidence limits on estimates. Mean values can be transformed back to the original scales to aid understanding. Measurements of nitrogen in the soil of the Broadbalk wheat experiment show how transformations of the strongly skewed data to logarithms are sufficient to satisfy the assumptions underlying the analysis. Those of nitrogen in the soil of Cashmore Field at Silsoe required the somewhat more complex Box–Cox transformation to satisfy the assumptions and lead to sensible conclusions. The statistical distributions in pH, already a logarithm, in the soil in sandy drift and chalky boulder clay at Broom's Barn Farm differed so strongly that no transformation would satisfy the assumptions. Non‐parametric tests are available, but they should be used only if no suitable transformation can be found.


This chapter discusses the notion of α-c.a. functions. The main issue is to properly define what is meant by a computable function o from N to α, which is required for the definition of α-computable approximations. Naturally, to deal with an ordinal α computably, one needs a notation for this ordinal, or more generally, a computable well-ordering of order-type α. To form the basis of a solid hierarchy, the notion of α-c.a. should not depend on which well-ordering one takes, rather it should only depend on its order-type. Thus, one cannot consider all computable copies of α. Rather, one restricts one's self to a class of particularly well-behaved well-orderings, in a way that ensures that they are all computably isomorphic. Having defined α-c.a. functions, the chapter relates these functions to iterations of the bounded jump (the jump inside the weak truth-table degrees).


There are a lot of native chicken breeds in China,and superior local chicken breeds having good texture and high adverse resistance should be selected for woodland breeding.Based on research and practice of breeding superior meat breeds of chickens for years,it is considered that the superior meat breeds suitable to woodland breeding in Shanghai area are mainly Luyuan Chicken,Xiayan Chicken,Shiqiza Chicken,Qingyuanma Chicken,Beijing Fatty Chicken,Dongxiang Green-Eggshell Silky Fowl,New Pudong Chicken,Dwarf Yellow Chicken,and so on.


The ability of urban households in West Jakarta to engage in disposable diaper waste sorting is investigated in this paper. Disposable baby diaper waste sorting aims to provide a stable raw material for the recycling industry, reduce waste collection costs, reduce waste disposal costs and reduce the environmental impact of natural resource extraction. Empirical findings indicate that the separation of baby diaper waste at the household level is influenced by education, income, attitudes, perception of sorting waste sources and perceptions of behavior control. There are 93.54% of respondents willing to sort baby diaper waste by receiving an incentive of IDR 1,070.29 per kilogram of disposable baby diaper waste.


This paper presents the design of a Neural Network based approach to improve efficiency in a vector control of Permanent Magnet synchronous Motors (PMSM). The conventional Proportional-Integral (PI) controller is largely used in industry because of the robustness this regulator procures. But in some case, when the dynamics of the system vary over time or with operating conditions, the performance of the controller will be spoiled. The Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) used as a speed controller seems to be a promising solution in this purpose. In this study we apply a multivariable (MIMO) neural network regulator in place of PI controllers of the vector control scheme of the PMSM. Analysis and simulation results are presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed controller to ensure robustness against load and parameters variations and to achieve the required performances.


Objective: To analyze 7.0 Tesla magnetic resonance T2 weighted image(T2WI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS) of cortical edema in rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO).Methods: Forty SD rats were randomly divided into sham group and MCAO 1d,3d and 7d groups(n=10,each).7.0 Tesla MR scan of the brain was performed at 1d,3d and 7d post MCAO respectively.Brain edema volumetric changes were detected using a T2 weighted spin echo multi-slice sequence.The in vivo single voxel spectroscopy(PRESS) data were obtained.The cerebral water content was measured by the wet-dry weight method.Results: The signals in T2WI,H2O peaks in MRS and cerebral water contents of MCAO 1d,3d and 7d group were significantly higher than those in the sham group(P0.05),peaking at the third day post MCAO.Conclusion: MRI and MRS are useful methods to evaluate the brain edema after cerebral ischemia.


FROM 1938 to 1946, a religious sect, the Jehovah's Witnesses, gained Supreme Court review on some twenty-odd cases in their intransigent fight for an area of religious freedom virtually unfettered by state and local police-power regulation.' No matter what one's feelings are concerning the extremist views and unorthodox practices of the Witnesses, it must be admitted that they performed a valuable service to our democratic polity when they carried their legal fight to the Supreme Court, and dropped into its lap the thorny task of constitutionally defining the area of religious freedom and the limits which circumscribe it. The purpose of this essay is threefold: first, to define this area and its limits as it emerges out of the Court's decisions; secondly, to point up the problems or difficulties which remained unclarified; and thirdly, to evaluate a series of apposite state and lower federal court cases to see how well the Supreme Court's decisions have held, and whether they afforded a basis of legal principles for reasonable judgments in the lower


Abstract A wide range of techniques are available to model hydrological processes. Choosing a model is not a straightforward task considering geographical and climate conditions. Although this is an exercise with some level of uncertainty it does help to understand hydrological processes which are used for the management and development of water resources. In Western Australia with its arid or semi-arid climate, water resource management is a key issue for future sustainable development. In this study, IHACRES, a physical-based hydrology model, and Artificial Neural Networks were used to simulate the daily water discharge from Marillana Creek catchment in the Pilbara in Western Australia. Although, these models did not produce satisfactory results, the comparison of the results show that the ANN model can be a feasible alternative for complex hydrology systems with poor recorded data. Also, data from two neighbouring gauges were successfully used to improve the result of Artificial Neural Networks over the IHACRES model.


The hereby presented 1st prize of the Competition "Concurso de Ideas Memorial-Merinales" uses the biography of the Territory to design a Memorial for the prisoners that built part of the "Canal del Bajo Guadalquivir". It incorporates the "ruin" as a biographic heritage of its site; it uses parts of the already destroyed buildings as a landscape, constructive and design solution. The "Canal del Bajo Guadalquivir" acts as a infrastructural urban element at the Project. The buildings are discretely settled in the site, and have a coherent organisation of the functions in it. These are Exhibition, Research and Diffusion of its History, and the management and maintenance of the Memorial" (1) .


In this study 75 college men used the Bem Sex Role Inventory to describe either themselves or a typical, ideal, or women's ideal man, and 30 college women described either a typical or ideal man. 7he only effect for the masculine items was that men saw themselves as relatively low on masculinity. For the feminine items the male's ratings were relatively high on femininity, with the exception of the typical male. While women described the ideal male as higher on femininity than the typical male, both of the women's ratings were relatively low on femininity. The results suggests that male role strain comes not from a failure to be expressive, but from a failure to be instrumental.


Nanostructured manganese substituted magnesium aluminate (Mg1-xMnxAl2O4, where x = 0.00,0.25,0.50,0.75,1.00) were prepared by sol-gel autocombustion method.The prepared samples were characterised by XRD,SEM,EDAX,TEM and IR spectroscopy.The study of XRD shows the formation of single cubic spinel phase with average crystalite size 28 nm.The composition of Mg0.50Mn0.50Al2O4showspherical interlinked fibrous morphology.Partical size obtained from TEM analysis was found to be 27 nm.The IR spectra shows two strong characteristic absorption bands at tetrahedral and octahedral sites.The elemental compositions was studied by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX).


ABSTRACT For several years now increasingly analytical prediction models have been developed that are able to correlate accident frequency with infrastructure characteristics to support the planning and design of measures for enhancing road safety. The models developed so far, though useful in the context for which they have been calibrated, are limited by the fact that they are not transferable to other contexts because of different traffic regulations. The present work aims to develop a predictive model for urban roads that is able to estimate the number of accidents for three situations in an urban road network, a roundabout, a three- or four-way junction, and a straight stretch of road. The models constructed are based on Poisson's and negative binomial algorithms and can be readily applied for accident prediction or identification of black spots.


The study of homology groups =s"(II, A), 'S a variety, II a group in ii, and A a suitable Il-module, is continued. A 'Tor' is constructed which gives a better (but imperfect) approximation to these groups than a Tor previously con- sidered, ii (II, Z) is calculated for various varieties 3i and groups II. Introduction. We continue the study of homology groups 33 (IT, A), where EI is a group in the variety 3} and A is a suitable Fl-module, as in (2ll, ^251 and (31), here after referred to as (H i), (H II) and (H III). These homology groups were compared with a certain Tor in (H i) and (H II), and it was shown that the two theories do not always agree in dimension 1. In § 1 we introduce a different Tor which gives a better approximation to 3} (n, A); this theory arises from the consideration of two-sided modules as in the Hochschild theory, and was prompted by a remark of Barry Mitchell's. In §2,3} (n, Z) is calculated approximately for 3} the variety of metabelian groups that are nilpotent of class c and FI a finitely generated abelian group. The homological techniques are the same as those used in (H III) to calculate 3} (n, Z) for 5} the variety of all nilpotent groups of class c and II as above, though the group theory here is harder. Comparing the results in the two cases we deduce that neither Tor mentioned above always agrees with 3) (II, A) if 72 = 2, even when A is a module with trivial action. In §3 we repeat the above calculations, for 3) the two varieties of all metabelian and all centre- by-metabelian groups. A refinement in the homology enables the calculations to be exact in these cases. The variety of metabelian groups is particularly inter- esting in that in this case it follows from a theorem of Grace Orzech that 33 (n, A), which can be calculated from 3} (JJ, Z) in the case of trivial action, may be interpreted as an obstruction group much as in the classical theory. The principal conventions and notations of (H I), (H II) and (H III) will re- main in force. A finitely generated abelian group will be said to be of rank r and type (s; ?2., - • • , 72 ) if it is the direct product of s infinite cyclic groups, and t finite cyclic groups, one of order 72. for each i, where n . divides 72 for 1 < 2 < t, and r = s + t. A cyclic group generated by the element a will be written


From the viewpoint of ecosystem,this paper constructs the Information Ecological model in e-commerce.Base on Information Ecological mode,using empirical research method to analyze the factors that influence e-Commerce venture of college students from three aspects including external environment,internal environment and information man,making a cross-over analysis on the information man and internal environment,providing the corresponding countermeasures on three levels-micro level,median level and macro level.Finally,this paper makes a typical case study combining "college students C2C Store",analyzes its successful operating information ecological factors and Information Ecological model in e-commerce.This research can enrich the information ecological theory from the academic aspect and will help to solve the social problem of university students venture.


APA Citation El Hatow, L. M. (2007).Utilization of thermopolastic rejects with different reinforcing elements in the production of manhole covers [Thesis, the American University in Cairo]. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt.edu/retro_etds/2320 MLA Citation El Hatow, Lama Mosad. Utilization of thermopolastic rejects with different reinforcing elements in the production of manhole covers. 2007. American University in Cairo, Thesis. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt.edu/retro_etds/2320


If the electricity price increases the consumers lose purchasing power. The real disposable income is reduced due to an increase of price level and the poss...


Objective
To explore the curative effect of comprehensive nursing intervention in patients with burn sepsis with continuous renal replacement therapy.

Methods
A total of 34 patients with burned sepsis who underwent continuous renal replacement therapy were randomly divided into control group and intervention group, 17 cases of each group. Both groups of patients received routine hospital care before, during and after continuous renal replacement therapy.The intervention group received comprehensive nursing intervention on the basis of routine nursing.

Results
After 24 hours and 72 hours of operation, the body temperature, respiration and pulse recovery of the patients in the intervention group were better than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The satisfaction rate of the patients in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The Barthel index of the patients in intervention group was higher than that of the control group at 1 month and 3 months after operation, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).

Conclusions
Comprehensive nursing intervention has a positive effect on patients with burned sepsis who received continuous renal replacement therapy.

Key words:
Comprehensive nursing intervention; Burn sepsis; Continuous renal replacement therapy


The extreme pressure (e.p.) and mixed lubrication or antiwear (a.w.) properties of a range of metal dialkyl dithiophosphates have been examined using the four ball machine. The results show that the nature of the metal atom is a major factor in determining these properties, and that the factors governing e.p. and a.w. activities are different. Thus the order of decreasing e.p. activity is Bi(III) > Ag(I), Pb(II) > Sb(III), Sn(II) ≥ Cd(II), Fe(III), Ni(II) > Zn(II), whilst the order of decreasing a.w. activity is Cd(II), Zn(II), Ni(II) ≥ Fe(III) > Ag(I) > Pb(II) > Sb(III), Sn(II) > Bi(III) for a series of 4-methylpentyl-2 and n-hexyl salts. The nature of the alkyl group has a lesser effect on either e.p. or a.w. properties. Possible explanations for these results are presented.


Every welfare state allocates resources to numerous socio-economic and general welfare services sectorsto have higher growth in Output, to generate more employment opportunities, to reduce poverty and to achieve social and economic equality. By generating resources through tax and non-tax measures, the government executes a number of activities to provide basic necessities of people like roads and bridges, irrigation for agriculture, drinking water facilities, electricity, housing, medical and public health facilities, protection to citizens etc. These services are part of general services, social services and economic services sectors.There are dearth of studies in analyzing the relationship between the expenditure in social service sector and the expenditure in the economic service sector. Hence, the study attempts toanalyze the long run association, and to examine the causal nexus between the expenditure in social services and the expenditure in economic services both in Indian context as well as for Odisha. The JohansenJuselius cointegration approach established the long-run relationship between the expenditure in social service sector and economic service sector both for India and Odisha. The VECM based causality estimates concluded that in Indian context, expenditure in social service sector causes economic service sector expenditure but not vice versa while for Odisha, economic service sector expenditure causes social service sector expenditure but not vice versa. As regards to policy


The dual rotating-compensator Mueller matrix ellipsometer based on the optical configuration PC1r(ω1)SC2r(ω2)A has been developed recently with many applications such as characterization of thin film growth and surface modification. In this paper, the optimal configuration of this ellipsometer is performed by minimizing the condition number of the systematic data reduction matrix. We present the optimal orientation angles of the polarizer (P) and the analyzer (A), as well as the optimal number of sampling points and the optimal retardance of both compensators, and find that these optimal configurations at different frequency ratios of the two compensators (C1r and C2r) yield almost equal performance. Simulations conducted on this ellipsometer with different parameters have demonstrated that the optimal configuration improves the measurement accuracy.


..............................................................................................2 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................... 2 PALEOGEOGRAPHIC AND STRATIGRAPHIC SETTING..................................... 3 METHODS................................................................................................ 7 STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK................................................................... 7 DEPOSITIONAL SYSTEMS........................................................................... 9 Major incised fluvio-estuarine successions....................................................... 9 Minor incised fluvio-estuarine successions...................................................... 17 Marine facies.........................................................................................22 Progradational prodeltaic deposits................................................................ 24 Coastal plain/ Floodplain.......................................................................... 26 SEQUENCES................................................................................................ 32 CONTROLS ON SEQUENCE DEVELOPMENT.................................................. 34 COMPOSITE SEQUENCES...........................................................................36 ORIGIN OF COMPOSITE SEQUENCES.......................................................... 37 CONCLUSIONS........................................................................................38 Chapter 2: Late Misssissippian Prodeltaic Rhythmites in the Appalachian Basin: A Hierarchical Record of Tidal and Climatic Periodicities.............................. 39 ABSTRACT..............................................................................................39 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................... 39 METHOD OF STUDY................................................................................. 40 STRATIGRAPHIC AND GEOLOGIC SETTING................................................. 41 TIDAL AND CLIMATIC CYCLES IN THE PRIDE SHALE.................................... 44 Semidiunal and Diurnal Couplets................................................................. 44 Neap-Spring (Semimonthly) Cycles............................................................. 45 Monthly Cycles..................................................................................... 47 Seasonal Cycles..................................................................................... 47 Multiyear Cycles.................................................................................... 50 ANALOGS.............................................................................................. 51 DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS.............................................................. 52 CONCLUSIONS....................................................................................... 54.............................................................................................39 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................... 39 METHOD OF STUDY................................................................................. 40 STRATIGRAPHIC AND GEOLOGIC SETTING................................................. 41 TIDAL AND CLIMATIC CYCLES IN THE PRIDE SHALE.................................... 44 Semidiunal and Diurnal Couplets................................................................. 44 Neap-Spring (Semimonthly) Cycles............................................................. 45 Monthly Cycles..................................................................................... 47 Seasonal Cycles..................................................................................... 47 Multiyear Cycles.................................................................................... 50 ANALOGS.............................................................................................. 51 DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS.............................................................. 52 CONCLUSIONS....................................................................................... 54


The Icapuí coastal plain is composed by overlapping sea terraces, coastal strands, lagoons and wind deposits, bordered in the south by the cliffs of Barreiras Formation, and is morphologically cut by tidal channels where is located the Barra Grande Port. In general, the area presents regressive features during the Upper Holocene. However, tidal flats and channels can be formed under completely different conditions, providing important information about the evolution of this depositional environment. In order to characterize the Barra Grande Port tidal channel in a faciological and stratigraphical aspects, highlight the relationship between factories and understand how the short and long term changes occur in the region, it were stablished 16 facies grouped into three sedimentation stages (lower, intermediate and upper portions) based on six cores sampled in the area of study. The lower portion is basically composed of mud and fine sand. The intermediate portion is composed of medium to coarse sediments, high amount of shells and gravels, high ZTR index, moderate CaCO3 content and low amount of organic matter. The upper portion is composed of fine to medium sediments, with roots and preserved shells, low ZTR index, CaCO3 and organic matter contents. The sedimentary succession was interpreted as lagoon sediments, followed by transgressive and regressive deposits.


The mechanism by which the multiple-band metal Sr2RuO4 is transformed to the antiferromagnetic insulator Ca2RuO4 by isovalent substitution is not yet understood in detail, but strong electron correlations play a key role. In an effort to probe the effect of the substitution, we have performed a study of the Hall effect in the Ca2-xSrxRuO4 system. We argue that the results give information on the Fermi surface topography, and hence place useful constraints on theories of the evolution of the electronic structure with varying x.


In homozygotes, inherited defects in cystathionine p-synthase (CBS; EC 18.104.22.168) activity result in severe hyperhomocysteinaemia, with early onset of arteriosclerosis as well as lifethreatening thrombo-embolism among its most prominent symptoms. I Mild hyperhomocysteinaemia, comparable to that occurring in heterozygotes for CBS deficiency, has also been reported to predispose to premature vascular diseases, including embolic strokes.i-' Homozygosity for a thermolabile variant of 5,10methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR; EC 188.8.131.52), which may cause mild or moderate hyperhomocysteinaemia especially in cases with low folate intake, has also been suggested to be a genetic risk factor in vascular disease." The methionine loading test, with determination of total plasma homocysteine in the fasting state as well as 6 h after oral administration of 0·1 g methionine/kg body weight under standardized conditions, represents a well-established tool for the detection of patients carrying an increased risk of occlusive vascular disease associated with mild or moderate hyperhomocysteinaemia.t-' The CBS gene has been assigned to chromosome 21, the triple chromosome in Down's syndrome (Trisomy 21). In vitro data have indicated a 1'66-fold increased CBS activity in the fibroblasts of Down's syndrome patients.P This observation was explained with the gene dosage effect and also used to explain the reduced tendency of such patients to arteriosclerosis. However, CBS gene disruption on two of the three chromosomes 21 should still result in much decreased CBS activity. Here, we present the first report on the methionine loading test performed in a patient with Down's syndrome after a cerebral infarction, which was


As English training for international professional talents has its own feature and regularity,it is very important to form a practical training pattern consisting of ability module,training mode and teaching management in improving training effect through constant exploration and summary of its law.The author advocates focusing on listening and speaking in building ability module to meet the needs of trainees' work and life when going abroad,satisfying the requirements of their Personality Development in adopting training mode,and pursuing principles of human-orientation,school-enterprise cooperation and proper pressure in teaching management,thus bring along a brand name in English training for international professional talents.


The loci eda, edd and zwf form a tightly linked cluster in E. coli that functions in the metabolism of galacturonate, gluconate and glucose. This cluster has been transferred from six natural isolates into the genetic background of E. coli K12 and examined with regard to effects on growth rate in chemostats. Although the naturally occurring eda and zwf alleles are selectively neutral, the edd alleles are not. The edd alleles fall into three functional classes distinguished by their effects on growth rate in gluconate medium, the most common classes differing in fitness by approximately 1 % per hour. This extensive non-neutral genetic variation of edd is discussed in light of the evident rarity of gluconate as a natural substrate. We propose that gluconate selection is intermittent in space or time, providing the population an opportunity to accumulate nonneutral genetic variants during periods of relaxed selection. Such genetic variants will eventually be sorted out by the intermittent periods of gluconate selection, and during these periods the linked eda and zwf alleles will experience pronounced hitchhiking effects.


This paper investigates the problem of non-myopic multiple platform trajectory control in a multiple target search and track setting. It presents a centralized receding discrete time horizon controller (RHC) with variable-step look-ahead for motion planning of a heterogeneous ensemble of airborne sensor platforms. The controller operates in a closed feedback loop with a Multiple Hypothesis Tracker (MHT) that fuses the disparate sensor data to produce target declarations and state estimates. The RHC action space for each air vehicle is represented via maneuver automaton with simple motion primitives. The reward function is based on expected Fisher information gain and priority scaling of target tracks and ground regions. A customized Particle Swarm Optimizer (PSO) is developed to handle the resulting non-Markovian, time-varying, multi-modal, and discontinuous reward function. The algorithms were evaluated by simulating ground surveillance scenarios using representative sensors with varying fields of view and typical target densities and motion profiles. Simulation results show improved aggregate target detection, track accuracy, and track maintenance for closed-loop operation as compared with typical open-loop surveillance plans.


Small isolated forest patches (0.1-7 ha) in eastern New South Wales and southern Wisconsin were surveyed regularly for at least 1 yr between 1977 and 1981. Forests and woodlands in both regions have been cleared extensively during the past century. This analysis examines how fragmentation of forest habitat has affected composition and dynamics of local bird assemblages. Species in forest islands are compared with those in equivalent "control plots" near the edge of a large, continuous forest. Disruption of continuous tracts apparently affects not only birds of the forest interior, but also those occurring along or near the edge. Birds in New South Wales and Wisconsin show common patterns of distribution among forest islands, despite considerable differences in taxonomic relationships, seasonality, and habitat. (1) Area was the best predictor of species richness in islands and control plots. Other habitat variables (except isolation) were relatively uniform among sites and did not contribute consistently to variation in numbers of species. (2) Species common in forest islands also tended to be common in large nearby forests, but bird assemblages in forest islands were statistically different from those in forest control plots. (3) Species assemblages in forest islands generally were more predictable over space and time than were local assemblages in larger forests. Although transients or regular visitors commonly were observed in forest islands, nonresident species occurred even more frequently in control plots. Ap- parently habitat fragmentation alters the spatial and temporal dynamics of native forest bird com- munities. This, in turn, may favor some species and leave others at a disadvantage. Differences between species assemblages of forest islands and control plots were most pronounced in Wisconsin. Numbers of forest or forest edge species were much lower in Wisconsin forest islands than in corresponding control plots. Isolation of forest islands was associated negatively with species richness only in Wisconsin. Long-term effects of forest fragmentation in New South Wales might not yet be realized, because relatively large areas of forest remain near existing habitat islands.


A method for producing real-time to improve performance, comprising: a step of detecting a state machine, by means of a monitoring unit determining at least one production machine to confirm whether the state change; a state determination step of determining a change of state of the production machine meets "performance benchmarks"; a performance in real-time to improve step when judging the state of the production machine of the change is not in line with "performance benchmarks", with the result in question the status of the production machine of the changes are sent to a task team for the task team to analyze the problem and solve the problem immediately; thereby, the monitoring unit can be repeated to determine the state monitoring of the production machine, for improving the problem and continue to monitor the problem recurs, thereby effectively enhance the corporate organization production quality.


Sometimes obstacles arise in cadastral procedures that make it impossible to carry out the party's claim. An obstacle may be that property formation does not meet the conditions in chapter 3. or 5 ...


A 3-way dumper is a type of dumping mechanism that can dump material into three separate locations or containers. It is commonly used in industrial and agricultural settings where large quantities of materials need to be transported and unloaded efficiently. The 3-way dumper is a mechanism used in industries to dump materials in three different directions. This mechanism is generally used in mining, construction, and agriculture industries to unload materials from trucks or carts. The traditional 3-way dumper mechanism is operated manually, which requires a lot of labor and time. To reduce the manual work, an electric mechanism can be used to automate the process.The electric 3-way dumper mechanism is designed to operate with the help of an electric motor. The electric motor is connected to the gear system, which rotates the dump bed in three different directions. The mechanism is designed to be controlled with the help of a switch.The electric 3-way dumper mechanism offers several advantages over the traditional manual mechanism. It reduces the manual work and time required to dump the materials. It also increases the safety of the workers as they do not need to be physically present near the dumper. The electric mechanism is also more efficient and can dump larger amounts of materials in a shorter time. In conclusion, the electric 3-way dumper mechanism is a more efficient, safe, and time-saving way to dump materials in three different directions. It can be used in various industries to increase productivity and reduce manual labor. Key Words: Whiper Gear DC Motor system, DC Motor, Trolley.


An algebraic condition necessary for controlling the state of linear time-invariant delay systems to the null function is used to determine the concomitant structural properties of second and third order systems. It is shown that the characteristic quasipolynomials for the undriven systems are polynomials of second and third order, respectively.


In this paper, the effect of particle trapping in a three-component plasma sheath model has been investigated analytically. The behavior of plasma sheath is studied with cold fluid ions, trapped/vortex-like hot electrons and cold q-nonextensive electrons. The trapped hot electrons follow Schamel's vortex-like distribution. A modified Bohm sheath criterion and a sheath width equation have been analytically derived. It is seen that the thickness of the sheath explicitly depends on q-nonextensivity parameter, Bohm velocity, cold electron fraction, temperature and densities of cold and hot electrons; while the Bohm velocity depends on nonextensive parameter, fraction of cold electrons, temperature and densities of cold and hot electrons. It is observed that as the electron nonextensivity as well as fraction of cold electron increases, the Bohm velocity decreases and also the sheath width decreases. As the ratio between hot electrons temperature to cold electrons temperature increases, the Bohm velocity increases and the sheath thickness also increases. The increasing values of the ratio of cold electrons to hot electrons concentration results in the decrease of sheath width.


Radar based surface soil moisture retrieval has been subject of intense research during the last decades. However, the space-borne radar sensors available so far provided single configuration observations where the influence of surface roughness generally caused the solution of the backscattering process to be ill posed. The availability of SAR sensors with polarimetric capabilities, such as RADARSAT-2, brings new expectations for an operational estimation of soil moisture and surface roughness from remote observations. In this paper a preliminary analysis of the influence of surface roughness on polarimetric parameters is carried out. The aim is to evaluate the ability of several polarimetric variables for the separation of fields with different roughness conditions. The results obtained are not very promising since low separabilities between rough and smooth fields are obtained with most polarimetric variables tested. In the near future, the role of tillage direction and topography on the roughness separability will be studied in more detail.


Results are given on the specification of the conditions a matrix A must satisfy for the existence of the real symmetric positive definite matrices H and G . This represents a generalization of the two conjectures given by Siljak in order to make effective use of a result that requires the existence of these matrices for a given matrix A .


The guaranteed-performance consensualization for high-order linear and nonlinear multiagent systems with switching topologies is respectively realized in a completely distributed manner in the sense that consensus design criteria are independent of interaction topologies and switching motions. This paper first proposes an adaptive consensus protocol with guaranteed-performance constraints and switching topologies, where interaction weights among neighboring agents are adaptively adjusted and state errors among all agents can be regulated. Then, a new translation-adaptive strategy is shown to realize completely distributed guaranteed-performance consensus control and an adaptive guaranteed-performance consensualization criterion is given on the basis of the Riccati inequality. Furthermore, an approach to regulate the consensus control gain and the guaranteed-performance cost is proposed in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Moreover, main conclusions for linear multiagent systems are extended to Lipschitz nonlinear cases. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to demonstrate theoretical results.


We discuss the properties of the Seyfert 1.5 galaxy LB 1727, also known as 1H 0419-577, from X-ray observations obtained by ASCA and ROSAT, along with optical observations from earlier epochs. The source flux was F2−10≃10−11 ergs cm-2 s-1 during the ASCA observations that were carried out during 1996 July-August, and we find only modest (≲20%) variations in the flux in this band within or between these observations. In contrast, a daily monitoring campaign over 1996 June-September by the ROSAT HRI instrument reveals the soft X-ray (0.1-2 keV) flux to have increased by a factor of ≃3. Significant variations were also observed down to timescales of ~40 ks. We find that the 2-10 keV continuum can be parameterized as a power law with a photon index Γ~1.45-1.68 across ~0.7-11 keV in the rest frame. We also report the first detection of iron Kα line emission in this source. Simultaneous ASCA and ROSAT data show the X-ray spectrum to steepen sharply at a rest energy ~0.75 keV, so the spectrum below this energy can be parameterized as a power law of slope Γ~3.6. The X-ray emission appears to be unattenuated, and we find that ionized gas alone cannot produce such a sharp spectral break. Even allowing the presence of such gas, the simultaneous ASCA and HRI data demonstrate that the underlying continuum is required to steepen below ~0.75 keV. Thus LB 1727 is one of the few Seyferts for which we can rule out the possibility that the presence of a warm absorber is solely responsible for the spectral steepening in the soft X-ray regime. Consideration of the overall spectral energy distribution for this source indicates the presence of a pronounced XUV bump visible in optical, ultraviolet, and soft X-ray data. The source appears relatively weak in infrared emission, and so if dust exists in the source, it is not excited by the nuclear radiation.


The effect of impurities placed in the wells of double‐barrier resonant tunneling diodes on the current‐voltage characteristics was experimentally determined. Four different double‐barrier structures were grown by molecular beam epitaxy with n‐type, p‐type, undoped, and highly compensated doping in the center of the well. Resonant tunneling devices of various sizes were fabricated, and measured at 77 K. Systematic shifts in the peak position and peak to valley ratios were observed for the different dopant profiles. The shifts in peak position are correctly predicted by a ballistic model which includes the effects of band bending due to ionized impurities in the well. The doped devices showed a systematic decrease in the peak to valley ratio which is not predicted by the ballistic model. By scaling our results, it is apparent that in most cases unintentional background impurities are not sufficient to significantly degrade the current‐voltage characteristics of resonant tunneling diodes.


In this article, we analyze the effects of shock transmissions from selected advanced financial markets—Tokyo, New York, Paris and Frankfurt— to Santiago de Chile and Sao Paulo (Bovespa) as a control. This research focuses on the recent financial crises of 2007 and 2008 where the transmission flowed from the developed world towards emerging markets, such as Chile. Our analysis incorporates the transmission effects in mean, variance and covariance. For the mean equation, we implemented a non-restricted VAR model. For the variance component, we modeled a specification with asymmetric effects. The covariance and correlation effects are estimated using a conditional dynamic asymmetric model based on the dynamic conditional correlation model of Engle, testing for the possibility of long run structural breaks in correlations between financial markets. We found strong evidence of structural breaks increasing correlations during the recent financial crisis. Our results are consistent with international evidence.


A rotational invariant template matching method is proposed in this paper to enable accurate playing c recognition. Some prior approaches for card recogni tions have been made, but they are all unsuccessful . Character segmentation algorithms and affine transf ormation are then used in the playing card recognition system which works well for low noise images. The p roposed method is proved to be computationally effi cient and sufficiently accurate for use in card games suc h as Baccarat.


A compact design of antenna-multiplexer is designed and analyzed, specifically to meet the requirement imposed by subsystems operating at 5.2, 5.5, and 5.8 GHz frequency bands for Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) applications. The proposed design includes a hexagonal shaped substrate integrated waveguide (HSIW) cavity, tripole-shaped radiating slot, tuning vias, and three inset microstrip feedlines. A tripole-shaped slot is imprinted on the top of the SIW. This slot subdivides the cavity into trio-radiating segments and each segment offers single frequency band. Further, the frequency bands are tuned at 5.2/5.5/5.8 GHz. The design maintains mutual port isolation better than 23.9 dB.


The paper discusses the communication network problems of water regim e automatic measuring system in the right bank main tributary of Nenjiang river in the light of the local practical situation and the present development situat ion of internal congener system communication network.


Living cationic polymerizations of two silicon-containing vinyl ethers, 2-(t-butyldimethyl-silyloxyl)ethyl vinyl ether (tBuSiVE) and 2-(trimethylsilyloxyl)ethyl vinyl ether (MeSiVE), have been achieved with use of the hydrogen iodide/iodine (HI/I2) initiating system in toluene at −15 or −40°C, despite the existence of the acid-sensitive silyloxyl pendants. The living nature of the polymerizations was demonstrated by linear increases in the number-average molecular weights (Mn) of the polymers in direct proportion to monomer conversion and by their further rise upon addition of a second monomer feed to a completely polymerized reaction mixture. The polymers obtained in these experiments all exhibited very narrow molecular weight distributions (MWD) with Mw/Mn around or below 1.1. Desilylation of the polymers under mild conditions (with H+ for MeSiVE and F− for tBuSiVE) gave poly(2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether), a water-soluble polyalcohol with a narrow MWD. The living processes also permitted clean syntheses of amphiphilic AB block copolymers and water-soluble methacrylate-type macromonomers, all of which bear narrowly distributed segments of the polyalcohol derived from the silicon-containing vinyl ethers.


With the emergence of autonomous vehicles, it is important to understand their impact on the transportation system. However, conventional traffic simulations are time-consuming. This paper introduces an analytical traffic model for unmanaged intersections accounting for microscopic vehicle interactions. The macroscopic property, i.e., delay at the intersection, is modeled as an event-driven stochastic dynamic process, whose dynamics encode the microscopic vehicle behaviors. The distribution of macroscopic properties can be obtained through either direct analysis or event-driven simulation. They are more efficient than conventional (time-driven) traffic simulation, and capture more microscopic details compared to conventional macroscopic flow models. We illustrate the efficiency of this method by delay analyses under two different policies at a two-lane intersection. The proposed model allows for 1) efficient and effective comparison among different policies, 2) policy optimization, 3) traffic prediction, and 4) system optimization (e.g., infrastructure and protocol).


I, and other authors, have discussed in several recent publications that "linear" triatomic molecules (defined as having linear equilibrium structures) are necessarily observed as being bent on ro-vibrational average. We have demonstrated this theoretically by calculations of the rotation–vibration expectation values, [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the bond angle supplement, [Formula: see text] being the instantaneous value of the bond angle of the triatomic molecule A–B–C. Direct experimental evidence of bent average structures has been obtained by other authors in Coulomb explosion imaging experiments, and indirect evidence from re-interpretation of experimentally derived rotational constant values. In spite of a rather significant amount of evidence in support of the bent average structures, the idea has been heavily criticized. In the present work I discuss in more detail some of the arguments for the bent average structures put forward in previous papers, and I hope to correct and clarify some of the misunderstandings leading to the criticisms. Part of the criticism originates in a widespread, but fallacious, belief among spectroscopists that linear and bent chain molecules have qualitatively different energy-level and spectral intensity patterns. This is not true. One can view the linear-molecule energy level and spectral patterns as limiting cases of the bent-molecule ones.


The practice of bridge construction has shown that the service life of small bridges is 2-3 times less than that of large ones. In the monograph the reasons of their low durability are revealed. New design and technological solutions of small bridges with high technical and economic indicators are proposed. They are based, in particular, on the rejection of deformation joints, which are the "pain point" of any bridge structure. Another classification of bridges is physically justified, where the areas of application of small seamless and large bridges are clearly marked.
For students and teachers, as well as anyone interested in the problems of bridge construction.


Theorists of political identity have long argued that such sentiments are often forged through the mechanics of alterity. The intersection of these theoretical ideas with the historical contingency of the George W. Bush administration and the availability of mass behaviour data measuring identity and related concepts creates a unique opportunity to put this notion to an empirical test in the important context of European polity-building. Did the transatlantic breach caused by the Iraq war and other US policies of the past decade create an 'Other' for Europe in the form of the USA, driving European Union citizens towards a European identity? This study examines both qualitative and quantitative data to test the hypothesis that US policy during the Bush administration served to foster a more robust European identity, ultimately uncovering mixed empirical evidence both supporting and negating the proposed relationship.


We develop asymptotic solutions for passive suspended sediment transport under a flood surge on a uniform slope. Our solutions provide predictions of the net scour under a surge, and simple estimates of the conditions under which it may 'bulk up' into a mud or debris flow, as well as illustrating their sensitivity to sediment entrainment rates.


We report a 6-year-old patient who presented with acute renal failure resolving after vigorous intravenous hydration. Renal biopsy was taken because of unexplained enlargement of both kidneys. Histological workup showed infiltration by lymphoblasts while blood counts showed a normal differential. Subsequent bone marrow aspiration revealed 34% lymphoblasts of T-lineage origin, leading to the diagnosis of T-ALL. This case underlines that malignant hematologic infiltration should be considered in patients presenting with unexplained renal failure and enlarged kidneys.


Three liquid crystalline N-substituted pyrroles were synthesized from 6-(1-pyrrolyl)hexanol with phenolic derivatives having a mesogenic core of cyclohexylbenzene or biphenyl by Mitsunobu reaction. These pyrroles had two anodic peaks at 1.4 and 1.8 V (vs. SCE). The former was due to an oxidation of the pyrrole moiety and the latter was due to an oxidation of the mesogenic moiety. These pyrrole monomers were polymerized by electrochemical and chemical methods. The potentiostatic method and the chemical method using FeCl 3 gave a soluble and fusible polymer, respectively. A polymer having a mesogenic core of cyclohexyl benzene obtained by the chemical method and a polymer having a mesogenic core of biphenylketone obtained by the potentiostatic method had a liquid-crystalline phase. The phase was identified as smectic A by polarizing microscopy and XRD analysis.


The article discusses the impact of the origin of the term on its orienting properties. These properties of the term depend on its origin indirectly; the inner form of the term is stipulated not only by its origin, but also by regularity of its components in a particular language. It is also necessary to analyze the connection between the inner form of the term to the concept it denotes.


The African continent has roused heightened interest on the part of scholars during the past twenty years both because of the "explosive character" of many of the processes occurring there and because of the significance of the more than forty African states in international relations. Western historians and politicians today often advance the idea that the influence of the African states (and of the developing countries in general) in the UN and in world politics as a whole is declining. The American historian D. A. Kay and the English historian J. Mayall (1) assert, for example, that the peak of this influence came during the period of the downfall of the system of colonialism and active struggle against it; and since only small fragments of the colonial system remain, and the world's attention has shifted to other problems, the African states, which continue to be concerned with their own affairs, have been left in the shadow. No grounds for this conclusion exist, of course. The role of the developing ...


A classification according to the level of detail of description the computational method provides is probably most useful. Flow calculations can be classified into five categories: (1) correlations; (2) zonal method; (3) time-averaged equations; (4) large-eddy simulation; and (5) Navier-Stokes solution. There are methods that fall into more than one category, and there are sub-divisions of each category. A discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of each of these five categories is given.


Scales from Lough Neagh pollan display a large number of checks, making age determination difficult. Sclerite counts showed that an annual check is formed on scales in May and a second accessory check in most young fish in October. The method of ageing from scales was supported by inspection of length-frequency plots and by following the growth of pollan in their first 2 years of life. The body-scale relationship was curvilinear. Back-calculation showed that pollan of both sexes attain a fork length of 29 cm in 5 years (1 ∞=28.9 cm; k= 0.65; l0= -0.06 year). There is no evidence that annual growth rates have changed since 1965. Possible environmental causes of scale check formation are discussed.


In 1992 Colombia joins the Montreal Protocol in order to reduce and phase out consumption of CFCs by the year 2010 to meet the obligation to reduce the country implemented a transitional substance to substitute CFCs, The substances were Hidrclorofluorocarbonos for having an ozone depletion potential under similar properties and present came to replace CFCs, mainly in commercial refrigeration, air conditioning fixed, industrial refrigeration and foams. Since HCFCs were not entirely safe for the ozone layer, the PM agreed that these should also be eliminated by 2040. Due to rapid growth in consumption of these substances in 2007 the Montreal Protocol decided to accelerate the reduction in consumption of HCFCs by 2030, contributing to the accelerated recovery of the ozone layer and mitigating greenhouse positively impacting climate change.
Since the alternatives to replace HCFCs are generally mixtures of HFCs especially in commercial refrigeration and air conditioning fixed, these have a global warming potential equal to or greater than themselves HCFCs, the PM agreed that the reduction management plans should its priority focus on the effects on climate.
In this regard the following work presents strategies for the reduction of HCFCs in the Area Metropolitana Centro Occidente, in coherence as established by the Montreal Protocol regarding the protection of the climate system.


An experimental study was performed to investigate the seismic performance of steel reinforced concrete (SRC) special-shaped columns. For this purpose, 17 steel reinforced concrete special-shaped column specimens under low-cyclic reversed load were tested, load process and failure patterns of the specimens with different steel reinforcement were observed. The test results showed that the failure patterns of these columns include shear-diagonal compression failure, shear-bond failure, shear-flexure failure and flexural failure. The failure mechanisms and characteristics of SRC special-shaped columns were also analyzed. For different SRC special-shaped columns, based on the failure characteristics and mechanism observed from the test, formulas for calculating ultimate shear capacity in shear-diagonal compression failure and shear-bond failure under horizontal axis and oblique load were derived. The calculated results were compared with the test results. Both the theoretical analysis and the experimental results showed that, the shear capacity of T, L shaped columns under oblique load are larger than that under horizontal axis load, whereas the shear capacity of +-shaped columns under oblique load are less than that under horizontal axis load.


To what degree has the development of alternative mortgage funding channels promoted the recent boom and bust in U.S. housing markets? Past research examined whether Alt-A and subprime market shares are correlated with the housing bubble. This paper expands the analysis to include the share of specific 'alternative' lending terms and finds that the shares of interest-only and negative amortization loans are important factors in explaining the housing bubble. This result suggests that research on the housing market bubble should focus on the impacts of loan contract terms rather than loan channel.


It is important to consider hypoglycemia for glycemic control in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. Continuous blood glucose monitoring system is an effective method to investigate blood glucose fluctuation. This study examined hypoglycemia frequency using continuous blood glucose monitoring system in older patients with type 2 diabetes.


A probe electrode plunged into a current field experiences a potential which is a function of its position in the field; when it is moved, the variation of potential is also a function of the displacement. This principle makes possible the design of mechanical-electrical transducers of simple construction and easy assemblage. An application to pressure recording is here described. The sensitivity (5 cm of water per full deflexion) and speed of response (no distortion for variations of pressure up to 220 cm of water per second) can, if necessary, be easily improved.


"Let me tell you a story." The proposed guidelines suggest that this phrase serve
as the heuristic that readers supply at the beginning of any possible embedded
narrative to identify a shift in narrative frames or levels. (The difference between
"frame" and "level," although perhaps confusing in the history of narratology,
does not seem like an important distinction at this stage of the project.) This
simple phrase, the author suggests, can replace a field of narrative theory they
feel would "simply confuse my student annotators." However simple the phrase
might seem, however, it, in fact, conceals a number of key narratological issues:
focalization, temporal indices, diction / register, person, fictional paratexts, duration,
and, no doubt, others. The question for the guidelines is whether one
can leapfrog the particularity of these issues if students use the above phrase to
annotate texts with XML tags and produce operational scripts that identify the
nested narratives. As it currently stands, students seem capable of learning the
basic idea of nested narratives and tagging changes in narrative frames, but there
are no real results to confirm the project's success, as the author reports they are
not yet able to confirm any inter-annotation agreement.


Abstract : The objective of this project is to study protein sequence-structure relationships through large-scale computational analysis of gene sequences and crystal structure in the databanks. The results of this analysis will be used to help better understand molecular recognition.


The rate of decay of triplet excitons following a photoexcitation pulse has been determined for poly(2-vinylnaphthalene) in a variety of solvents at ambient temperature and at 77 K. A three dimensional model for exciton diffusion fits the data at ambient temperature but at 77 K the data are not well represented by a single integral dimensionality.


In the exploring of the surface topography in the nano-scale and in molecule level,atomic force microscope(AFM) is one of the most advanced test tools.In this paper,by researching on nano-titanium dioxide,I mainly discuss the preparation of nano-titanium dioxide by the sol-gel method.Using atomic force microscope on the surface of the sample,and the comparison of Photocatalytic activity.Two different programmes of different samples, using atomic force microscope samples from the surface morphology of the three-dimensional structure of visual information,and the surface of the nano-scale performance by the physical,chemical nature and photocatalytic methylene blue and so on Comparison test.The experimental results show that,using the AFM to analyse the size and distribution of the sampl' s nano-TiO_2,we can better know that the atomic force microscope has it's unique advantages in the analysis of samples.Besides it is stated that the AFM is very suitable to use to study the surface topography of the sample structure in nano-scale.