Transfer of Folate to the Fetus SIR-Dr. Strelling's admirably concise annotation on the transfer of folate to the fetus ( D M C N , 18,523) raises an important point which deserves comment. Because the fetus has higher folate levels than its mother does not necessarily imply active transport by the placenta. A number of water soluble vitamins are all in higher concentrations in fetal than maternal blood but for some there is evidence that they are metabolically rearranged by the feto-placental unit. Therefore the apparent feto-maternal 'gradient' in fact involves different chemical substances. For example, riboflavin crosses the placenta as flavin adenine dinucleotide, the fetus then splits off free riboflavin to which the placenta is less permeable and it is this form which accumulates on the fetal side'. Comparable systems could be involved for the transfer of vitamin A, pyridoxine and ascorbic a ~ i d ~ ~ . The apparent gradient for folate may be equally spurious because the traditional bioassay measures a number of different folate metabolites. The placenta may simply act as a biochemical valve whereby one folate derivative is passively transferred to the fetus which then produces an alternative non-returnable derivative. Although fetal folate levels can be enhanced by maternal supplementation, yet after delivery these babies have high urinary losses and plasma levels fall abruptly;. In such an acute situation the red-cell folate level may be misleading. This presumably reflects folate supplies at the time of erythropoiesis and, while jt effectively masks transient variations of folate supply, yet i t postdates plasma folate as an index of deficiency6. By implication, the ability of the fetus to store folate does not appear to match the efficiency of its intrauterine supply.


The profiling, or fingerprinting, of distinct varieties of the Plantae kingdom is based on the bioactive ingredients, which are systematically segregated to perform their detailed analysis. The secondary products portray a pivotal role in defining the ecophysiology of distinct plant species. There is a crucial role of the profiling domain in understanding the various features, characteristics, and conditions related to plants. Advancements in variable technologies have contributed to the development of highly specific sensors for the non-invasive detection of molecules. Furthermore, many hyphenated techniques have led to the development of highly specific integrated systems that allow multiplexed detection, such as high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, etc., which are quite cumbersome and un-economical. In contrast, electrochemical sensors are a promising alternative which are capable of performing the precise recognition of compounds due to efficient signal transduction. However, due to a few bottlenecks in understanding the principles and non-redox features of minimal metabolites, the area has not been explored. This review article provides an insight to the electrochemical basis of plants in comparison with other traditional approaches and with necessary positive and negative outlooks. Studies consisting of the idea of merging the fields are limited; hence, relevant non-phytochemical reports are included for a better comparison of reports to broaden the scope of this work.


Nuclear magnetic resonance has been carried out on all nuclei with nonzero magnetic moments present in the alkali ion pairs of deuterated and nondeuterated naphthalene radical anion in 1,2-dimethoxyethane. Both the sign and magnitude of the hyperfine splitting constant (h.f.s.c.) were measured, the alkali h.f.s.c. being studied as a function of the temperature. The Li and Na h.f.s.c. appear to be positive, those of Rb and Cs are negative, whereas that of K changes sign with temperature. The proton and deuterium linewidths were studied as a function of the concentration and were found to vary linearly with the reciprocal of the concentration, pointing to the predominance of the Fermi contact interaction. An analysis of the alkali linewidth is given in terms of the intramolecular relaxation processes. Especially in cases where two isotopes could be studied, i.e. (1H, 2D), (6Li, 7Li) and (85Rb, 87Rb), a quantitative interpretation is presented.


Unemployment is one of the most important economic problems in Iran, so that many of its managers plan to increase employment rates. Increasing the employment rate needs to increase economic productivity which DEA is one of the most appropriate evaluation methods for estimating the productivity of similar organizations. Employment in the amount of data input and output can be just interval. In this study by solving two models, using one of which the upper bound for efficiency and using the other, the lower bound for decision making units efficiency is acquired, we provide a new model for Most productive scale size with interval data. The main purpose of this study is to determine the productivity of Iran and sensitive indicators to provide a fundamental solution to exit from unemployment. The economic sector managers can do more exact planning for economic growth.


Objective:To evaluate the feasibility and diagnostic capability of renal arteriography using high resolution 3D contrast enhanced MR angiography with fluoroscopic triggering and parallel acquisition techniques.(Methods:)Ninety(patients) with clinically diagnosed or suspected renal artery or abdominal artery diseases underwent high-resolution 3D contrast-enhanced MR renal arteriography(3D CE MRA).Fluoroscopic triggering technique was used to trigger 3D CE MRA of the renal arteries.The techniques,including elliptical centric view order for filling the k space and parallel acquisition technique with an acceleration factor of 2,were used in 3D CE MRA.The overall image quality and demonstration of vascular pathology were studied.3D CE MRA findings were also compared with those acquired by other imaging modalities if (available.)Results:3D CE MRA identified all 810 arterial segments in all subjects(100%) with a mean visibility score of(3.88.)3D CE MRA additionally showed 11 accessory renal arteries in 8 patients.The depiction rate of segmental renal arteries was 73%(66/90).Venous contamination was rated as none or minimal,with a mean score of 0.20.The results showed 639 normal arterial segments and 171 pathological arterial segments,the latter including 66 segments with irregularity;55 segments with mild stenosis;37 segments with significant stenosis;2 segments with occlusion and 11 segments with aneurysms.3D CE MRA identified stenosis involving 96 renal arteries.All accessory renal arteries were normal.On the arteriograms acquired with other imaging techniques of the 43 available cases,the vascular pathological findings were all consistent with those shown on 3D CE MRA arteriograms.Conclusion:High resolution 3D CE MRA of the renal arteries with fluoroscopic triggering and parallel acquisition techniques was feasible and easy to manage.Potentials,including reduction of scanning time,improvement of spatial resolution as well as clear and optimal depiction of renal arteries without venous contamination could be provided by this 3D CE MRA technique.


Nitrogen doping results in ultra-high quality factors in SRF niobium cavities but currently achievable gradients in doped cavities are, on average, somewhat lower than in EP/120 °C baked cavities. The origin of this difference is explored in the reported work by detailed temperature mapping studies on several single cell nitrogen doped cavities.


With the arrival of the post-genome era,a new strategy of biological research becomes more and more popular,which is to develop various tools on biological databases for data mining.Current alignment based sequence search methods are efficient to short biological sequences,however not to large scale genome sequences.To make the genome sequence searching more efficient,we proposed a new search method with high speed.The idea is to search similar sequence by analyzing and comparing the sequence feature.We developed a nucleotide sequence database searching system to search similar sequence according to the sequence feature.The result of human genome searching with the feature of base to base correlation indicates that the proposed method was of high hit ratio and high speed.The established searthing system exhibited good performance for large scale genome sequence searching.


The formation of complexes in solutions containing positively charged polyions (polycations) and a variable amount of negatively charged polyions (polyanions) has been investigated by Monte Carlo simulations. The polyions were described as flexible chains of charged hard spheres interacting through a screened Coulomb potential. The systems were analyzed in terms of cluster compositions, structure factors, and radial distribution functions. At 50% charge equivalence or less, complexes involving two polycations nd one polyanion were frequent, while closer to charge equivalence, larger clusters were formed. Small and neutral complexes dominated the solution at charge equivalence in a monodisperse system, while larger clusters again dominated the solution when the polyions were made polydisperse. The cluster composition and solution structure were also examined as functions of added salt by varying the electrostatic screening length. The observed formation of clusters could be rationalized by a few simple rules. (Less)


The wound rotor induction machine has been traditionally accepted for a long time in a wind energy conversion system. Despite numerous concepts have been established on wound rotor induction generator (WRIG), the WRIG is lacking in the area of the multi-phase system. Hence the interest of research fraternity starts growing toward modelling of un-conventional WRIG with Wind Energy Conversion System. In this direction, six-phase wound rotor induction generator (SPWRIG) can be a game changer, because it has the property of WRIG as well as multi-phase technology. This study introduces the novel SPWRIG based on mathematical modelling, control technique, simulation and experimental results. As a major novelty, this study has included a comparison of various currents and its importance in the excitation reference frame, rotor reference frame, stator reference frame. The accuracy of mathematical modelling has been tested by experimental and simulation results.


This paper proposes a new framework for estimating instrumental variable (IV) quantile models. The first part of our proposal can be cast as a mixed integer linear program (MILP), which allows us to capitalize on recent progress in mixed integer optimization. The computational advantage of the proposed method makes it an attractive alternative to existing estimators in the presence of multiple endogenous regressors. This is a situation that arises naturally when one endogenous variable is interacted with several other variables in a regression equation. In our simulations, the proposed method using MILP with a random starting point can reliably estimate regressions for a sample size of 500 with 20 endogenous variables in 5 seconds. Theoretical results for early termination of MILP are also provided. The second part of our proposal is a k-step correction framework, which is proved to be able to convert any point within a small but fixed neighborhood of the true parameter value into an estimate that is asymptotically equivalent to GMM. Our result does not require the initial estimate to be consistent and only 2 log n iterations are needed. Since the k-step correction does not require any optimization, applying the k-step correction to MILP estimate provides a computationally attractive way of obtaining efficient estimators. When dealing with very large data sets, we can run the MILP algorithm on only a small subsample and our I would like to thank Stéphane Bonhomme, Victor Chernozhukov, Christian Hansen, David Kaplan, Lawrence Schmidt and Kaspar Wüthrich for their comments and discussions. Email: email@example.com


Modification of steel thermal sprayed coatings by nitrogen ion implantation can dramatically increase wear resistance of their surface layers. The only obstacle for successful modification is low strength and defects in regular wire-sprayed coatings. However, different methods are available to improve physical properties of coatings. In this study, two methods of wire spray process activation were investigated: gas-jet activation (high-velocity spraying) for reduction of sizes and increasing velocity of particles; and ultrasonic activation for reduction of sprayed particle sizes. Once coatings were modified by implantation of nitrogen ions, wear resistance tests were performed. As a result of the following experiments, process parameters for thermal spraying and coating modification were optimized.


Abstract : This report is intended to provide training material for use by the Leadership and Organizational Effectiveness School and the Naval Postgraduate School to assist in training consultants in the redesign of organizational systems using the sociotechnical design method. It presents an overview of the sociotechnical system approach to organization design and redesign aimed at productivity improvement. Specific application is made to military settings. The report presents the theory, principles, and methods of sociotechnical system analysis and design, prerequisites for application of this technology and a strategy vital to successful implementation of it in military settings. A case study of an organization redesign project in a Navy ship repair organization is used to illustrate the concepts. A list of related readings is provided. Discussion of how to institutionalize a new design and transfer it to various organizational settings concludes the report.


Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank my supervisor Katharina von Kriegstein for her constant support and confidence in my work. I am very thankful for her scientific guidance and all the things I had the chance to learn over the last four years. I would also like to thank all current and former members of the " Neural Mechanisms of Human Communication " group and everyone in the MPI who accompanied me during my PhD. In particular, I thank my former office mates and friends for supporting me during periods of frustration and reminding me that science can be a lot of fun. Furthermore, I thank Sam for proofreading and always being there when I needed his help. I thank Etienne Gaudrain for introducing me to the magic of sound resynthesis. Finally, I would like to thank my parents and family for their unconditional love and Kamila Lübe for her emotional and selfless support. Without the contribution of the people mentioned here, this thesis would not have been possible. Obrigado! Danke! Thanks! Merci!


Positively culturing the abilities of students during the normal teaching is the orientation of college education in future. This paper, according to the teaching theories, brings forward the mode of three kinds of abilities, respectively teaching, studying and umpiring which belong to the students whose major is swimming. Meanwhile this paper gives some effective suggestions and methods after analyses to the work experiences which are summarized by teaching the students whose major is swimming in the swimming staff room of Beijing University of Physical Education.


Object of the present invention is to provide a wireless power receiving apparatus and mounted with the wireless power receiving apparatus of an electronic appliance in which even when the frequency of the received electromagnetic waves for power supply is changed, the manufacturing cost is not increased. Further manner, another object of the present invention is to provide a wireless power receiving apparatus, wherein the step of producing different loads when receiving power supply and an antenna connected to the battery, disconnection may be generated in a connection failure or the like is not transmitted power . Wireless power receiving device according to the present invention includes a power reception unit and the load unit, said power receiving unit includes a first antenna circuit, a second antenna circuit, and a battery unit, the load unit includes a third antenna circuit, by the first antenna the first circuit receives the radio signal battery charging unit and charging the battery in the power unit from the second antenna circuit transmits a second wireless signal, the third antenna circuit receives the second radio signal to supplied to the load electricity.


At the same time it can be emitted as illuminating the sound wave from the speaker like a searchlight, and provides a playback apparatus that radially adjustable. The sound wave outputted from the speaker SP1~SP24 are combined wave front to raise a CF1~CF24 processing circuit for processing an audio signal q (ω) to be supplied to the speaker SP1~SP24 to form a virtual sound source. And providing a setting circuit 21 for setting the position of a virtual sound source to infinity. To provide a unit 21 for manually or automatically changed to the direction to be emitted from the virtual sound source. A speaker, a sound wave, an audio signal, a setting circuit


We have extended the SRI ductile fracture model (DFRACT) for spall behavior of aluminum and copper. The temperature computation procedure, thermal strength reduction function, work hardening, and Bauschinger effects from the Steinberg model were added. The threshold stress for void growth in the DFRACT model was equated to the stress for general yielding in the Carroll-Holt model for porous materials. With these modifications of DFRACT, we simulated a series of earlier impacts in 1145 (commercially pure) aluminum in which partial spall had been reached. The revised model was able to represent the numbers, sizes, and locations of voids through the sample. The use of the Carroll-Holt and Steinberg model features allows the DFRACT model to reach larger void volumes in the simulations and therefore to better represent heavy damage.


A study of magnetic impedance effect dependence of external constant magnetic field tension for and amorphous metal alloy Fe74P18Mn5V3 in the frequency range 0.5-100 MHz is carried out


The "Pennington Corner" was introduced in the first issue of Interface (Winter 1992) to provide information and insights about the Society from the perspective of the Executive Director. Since our headquarters office was located in the center of Pennington at the "corner" of Main Street and Delaware Avenue, the name "Pennington Corner" was a natural for the column. All this is about to change when the Society headquarters office moves to a new location later this year.


Firefighting foam is highly effective in suppressing and extinguishing liquid fuel fires. As the concern of its environmental impacts growing, it is necessary to evaluate its biodegradation in the environment. This article briefly introduces the concept, classification, and the main component of firefighting foam. Also the principle, general process, basis mechanism of the biodegradation of firefighting foam are discussed. There is no standard test methods focusing on the biodegradation of firefighting foam, also relative research and reports are less. Limited research data abroad shows that the biodegradability of some foams are very low, and protein based foams may not easier to biodegrade than synthetic based foams.


Fake news detection (FND) has attracted much research interests in social forensics. Many existing approaches introduce tailored attention mechanisms to fuse unimodal features. However, they ignore the impact of cross-modal similarity between modalities. Meanwhile, the potential of pretrained multimodal feature learning models in FND has not been well exploited. This paper proposes an FND-CLIP framework, i.e., a multimodal Fake News Detection network based on Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP). FND-CLIP extracts the deep representations together from news using two unimodal encoders and two pair-wise CLIP encoders. The CLIP-generated multimodal features are weighted by CLIP similarity of the two modalities. We also introduce a modality-wise attention module to aggregate the features. Extensive experiments are conducted and the results indicate that the proposed framework has a better capability in mining crucial features for fake news detection. The proposed FND-CLIP can achieve better performances than previous works on three typical fake news datasets.


First, the strain gauges were pasted on the front and back tie rods of the vehicle for the sake of calibration. Under the designated working conditions, the strain data of the tie rods were collected via a data acquisition unit (DEWESoft). Meanwhile, the pressure of suspension cylinder was measured, the force distribution ratio of front axle and back axle was respectively calculated through the strain data and cylinder pressure data, and the calculation formula of the distribution ratio was obtained. The calculation results were verified through a traction test of the complete vehicle. In the end, the finite element model was updated according to the test data, followed by the analysis of the structural stiffness and strength. The method proposed in this paper will considerably contribute to the improvement of finite element analysis accuracy of the complete vehicle, and moreover, it can be promoted in the design of other similar structures, with a certain reference significance.


Chandra images present evidence of a nonuniform spatial distribution of discrete X-ray sources in the elliptical galaxy NGC 4261. This nonuniform distribution is inconsistent with the optical morphology of NGC 4261 at greater than a 99.9% confidence level. Similar evidence is seen in one more elliptical galaxy (NGC 4697; 98% confidence level) out of five cases we investigated. NGC 4261 and NGC 4697 have old stellar populations (9-15 Gyr) and fine-structure parameters of 1 and 0, respectively, suggesting that no recent merging activity occurred. On the basis of simulations of galaxy interactions, we propose that the X-ray sources responsible for the nonuniform distribution are associated with young stellar populations, related to the rejuvenating fallback of material in tidal tails onto a relaxed merger remnant or to shock-induced star formation along the tidal tails.


Previously, the relationship between internal energy and pressure of two-dimensional (2D) strongly coupled liquid dusty plasmas was assumed to be approximately the same as that for the ideal gas [Oxtoby et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 015002 (2013)], which is a non-coupling system. To study the strong coupling effects on this relationship, the internal energy and pressure of 2D liquid dusty plasmas are obtained using equilibrium Yukawa molecular dynamics simulations. It is found that, for 2D Yukawa liquids, the internal energy and pressure follow a much more complicated relationship than that for the ideal gas. Especially at lower temperatures and for larger screening parameters, their relationship deviates from the ideal gas behavior much more. An analytical relationship between the internal energy and pressure for 2D Yukawa liquids has been obtained empirically by fitting.


Summary: DPI 201–106 (4-[3-(4-diphenylmethyl-1-piperazinyl)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1 H-indole-2-carbonitrile) is characterized by a marked cardiotomic activity. The compound exerted positive inotropic effects in anesthetized and conscious dogs, pithed open-chest cats, and isolated hearts of cardiomyopathic hamsters and vanadate-treated guinea-pig atria. Left ventricular dP/dtmax was increased in anesthetized dogs after i.v. injection of 0.2 and 2 mg/kg DPI 201–106 (34 ± 6 and 104 ± 18%, respectively) and in unanesthetized dogs after oral doses of 2–8 mg/kg (22 ± 3 to 50 ± 5%, respectively). In most experiments, the compound lowered blood pressure and heart rate. Stroke work and left ventricular work were almost unaffected by DPI 201–106, and oxygen consumption and cardiac efficiency remained unchanged in open-chest dogs. Studies of the mechanism of action of DPI 201–106 lead to the conclusion that its positive inotropic effect is not explainable either by β-stimulation or by liberation of catecholamines. This was shown in anesthetized dogs and pithed open-chest cats pretreated with propranolol and reserpine.


The title reactions give the expected variety of products derived from the radicals formed by loss of iodine. The initial reactions of these radicals are identified as cyclisation to γ- and δ-lactam intermediates, together with a minor amount of 1,5-hydrogen transfer from the N-alkyl group. The δ-lactam intermediates are oxidised to N-alkyl-phenanthridinones, and 1,5-hydrogen transfer results in dealkylation at the nitrogen atom. The γ-lactam intermediates react by several pathways. That from the 2′-methoxy-amide predominantly dimerises, whilst from the 3′-methoxy-amide a major product is a spirocyclohexenone γ-lactam, the result of demethylation at the oxygen atom (possibly catalysed by hydrogen iodide liberated during the reaction).The γ-lactam intermediate from the 4′-methoxy-amide also suffers demethylation at the oxygen atom to give a spirocyclohexadienone γ-lactam; this is photoisomerised under the reaction conditions to the stereoisomeric cyclopentenones (23) and (24). Further products believed to be formed via this γ-lactam intermediate are 3-methoxy-N-methylphenanthridinone and 4′-methoxy-N-methylbiphenyl-2-carboxamide. The possibility is discussed that these two products may also arise by photoinduced rearrangement of a primary photoproduct.


Services providers (SPs) in the Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems are enduring many challenges in order to accommodate the rapid expansion of mobile data usage. As mobile speed support is expected to reach up to 350 km/hr, handovers (HO) will occur more frequently, thus degrading the system performance in terms of delay. Hence, enhanced HO techniques are essential to support fast and seamless HO. Moreover; virtualization in LTE systems was considered as an integral part of the next generation networking architecture for high mobility communications. The presented framework pertains to the SPs resources dynamic sharing scenario, wherein SPs achieving a different schedulers' policies are sharing evolved Node B. Hybrid HO technique is considered that can enhance the system performance in terms of latency and HO reliability at cell boundary. The average traffic delays have been evaluated to verify the framework's performance effectiveness during and after HO.


OPTICOKINETIC nystagmus--i.e., nystagmus induced by objects moving in succession across the visual field-was first adequately described by HELMHOLTZ in connection with the eye movements noted in passengers gazing out of the window of a moving train. The elucidation of this response has subsequently been used for detecting hysterical blindness and for localising some intracranial abnormalities. The possibility of employing this response as a test of visual acuity in early infancy was reported by GORMAN and others3 in 1957. These authors used a modification of an apparatus originally devised by MCGINNIS~ to elicit opticokinetic nystagmus. The infants under study were placed supine on a mattress under a semicircular tent formed by a moving length of rolled paper with black and white stripes of equal thickness running across its width. The distance from the infant's eyes to any point on the moving arc of paper was about 15 cm. 100 infants aged from 14 hours to 5 days were tested. GORMAN et al. concluded that this was not only a useful method of determining visual acuity but was also of considerable value in detecting the presence or absence of vision in the newborn. Though a negative response at this age did not necessarily imply blindness, a positive opticokinetic response constituted definite proof that the infant could see. Using an identical examination technique, BRAZELTON and his colleagues' have recently reported on the value of testing for the opticokinetic response as part of the neurological assessment of the newborn. They tested 37 infants in their first week of life and also examined the same infants, and 59 others of similar age, for the ability to fix on, pursue and alert to a bright test object--i.e., a red ball 2 inches in diameter held 6-10 in. from the face. All the tests were done 1-2 hours after feeds. The infants tested (including 10 of low birthweight) were subsequently examined neurologically at 4, 8 and 12 months. At one year of age, 87 were deemed to be neurologically normal, 5 suspect and 4 abnormal. Of the 9 infants deemed to be abnormal or suspect on review, all had a negative opticokinetic test and gave a negative response to fixing and following when tested in the newborn period. Of the infants judged to be neurologically normal, 57.5 per cent showed an ability to fix and follow a test object, and 76 per cent gave a positive opticokinetic response. The results were similar in both full-term and low birthweight infants. All the infants who fixed and followed had an opticokinetic response. However, opticokinetic nystagmus was also elicited in some infants who lacked the ability to fix and follow, which suggests that the opticokinetic response is a more primitive visual response than fixing and following. Since about 1 in 4 of the normal infants failed to respond, it is clear that a negative opticokinetic response cannot be interpreted as indicating impaired cerebral function. On the other hand, BRAZELTON et al. regard a positive opticokinetic test and a capacity to fix and follow a


Inspired by Ξ cc reported by LHCb Collaboration and X ( 5568 ) reported by D 0 Collaboration, the QQ ¯ q ¯ q ( Q = c , b , s , q = u , d ) tetraquark states, are studied in the present work. With the help of Gaussian expansion method, two structures, diquark–antidiquark and meson–meson, with all possible color configurations are investigated systematically in a chiral quark model to search for the possible stable states. The results show that there is no bound state in the iso-vector QQ ¯ q ¯ q system, while there are rather deep bound states in the iso-scalar bb ¯ q ¯ q , cc ¯ q ¯ q and bc ¯ q ¯ q systems. There are also several shallow bound states in QQ (cid:2) system. Mixing two structures of diquark–antidiquark and meson–meson can introduce more attractions and convert some unbound iso-scalar states into shallow bound states. The large mass of the heavy quark is beneficial to the formation of the bound state. The separations between quarks are calculated to unravel the spacial structure of the system. We also compare our result with that of other approaches.


On the basis of the investigations of the talent needs of pharmic undergraduate speciality in Guangxi,analyse these matters by combining the enrollment scale of pharmic undergraduate speciality,giving opinion that the Guangxi' enrollment scale of pharmic undergraduate speciality is fit in with society,but the structure and connotation of specialty need to be further optimized.


In this paper, a feature extraction method is proposed based on the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) for classifiers for monitoring domestic activities with acoustic signals. Most of the classifiers of the acoustic signals use data-independent spectral features (e.g., log-Mel spectrum and Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients). Recently, some novel feature extraction methods have been researched, including convolution-NMF-based features combined with K-means clustering. This study proposes an enhanced NMF-based feature extraction method that is inspired by the NMF-based noise reduction algorithm. The proposed method independently estimates the frequency basis matrix for each class, and then cascades the basis matrices to form the entire frequency bases, where the acoustic signal is transformed to the proposed feature by estimating the temporal basis matrix with the trained frequency bases. In addition, this study proposes a data augmentation method for the proposed feature that is inspired by the "mix and shuffle" method for audio waveforms. In order to evaluate the proposed system, which consists of the proposed NMF-based feature and the convolutional-neural-network-based classifier, some evaluations were performed using the Detection and Classification of Acoustic Scenes and Events (DCASE) 2018 Task 5 – Monitoring of Domestic Activities Based on Multi-channel Acoustics – Database. The results showed that the proposed system has comparable performance to that of state-of-the-art algorithms and that it has enhanced the F1-score performance of 6%–12% in comparison with the conventional NMF-based feature extraction method that is based on convolutional NMF and K-means clustering.


We define a two-step procedure to obtain reliable inverse models of the distribution of electrical conductivity at depth from apparent conductivities estimated by electromagnetic instruments such as GEONICS EM38, EM31 or EM 34-3. The first step of our procedure consists in the correction of the apparent conductivities to make them consistent with a low induction number condition, for which these data are very similar to the true conductivity. Then, we use a linear inversion approach to obtain a conductivity model. To improve the conductivity estimation at depth we introduced a depth-weighting function in our regularized weighted minimum length solution algorithm. We test the whole procedure on two synthetic data sets generated by the COMSOL Multiphysics for both the vertical magnetic dipole and horizontal magnetic dipole configurations of the loops. Our technique was also tested on a real data set, and the inversion result has been compared with the one obtained using the dipole-dipole DC electrical resistivity (ER) method. Our model not only reproduces all shallow conductive areas similar to the ER model, but also succeeds in replicating its deeper conductivity structures. On the contrary, inversion of uncorrected data provides a biased model underestimating the true conductivity.


Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2005 to 2017 and on the construction of the green economy efficiency measurement index system, this paper uses the super-efficient DEA model to measure national green economy efficiency considering undesired output. The system GMM model analyzes the impact of environmental regulation on the efficiency of the green economy. The results show that from the national sample, the relationship between environmental regulation and green economic efficiency has a "U" shape. When the environmental regulation intensity is kept within a certain "critical point", its impact on the efficiency of green economy has inhibition, but if this strength exceeds this "tipping point", its impact is promoted. From the sub-samples of the three regions, the environmental regulation of the central and western regions has an inhibitory effect on the efficiency of the green economy, the impact of environmental regulation on the eastern region is promoted, and the eastern characteristics are the same as the national empirical analysis. The remarkable "U" relationship can be found to be more effective in improving the efficiency of the green economy in economically developed regions.


OVERVIEW: We have developed signaling systems to increase the transportation capacity and ease rush-hour traffic in metropolitan areas. This is achieved by using an on-board controller that generates a parabolic braking pattern according to the limit of movement authority (LMA) transmitted from digital field controllers. One system is called "the digital ATC* 1 " (D-ATC) and it is now being tested for commercial operation. The field controllers calculate the LMA by using a track circuit unit and transmit digital signals to track circuits. The on-board controller generates a parabolic braking pattern according to the LMA and recognizes its own location. The other system, ATACS* 2 , is a radio-communication-based signaling system that makes full use of radio communication technologies. An on-board controller in this system recognizes the location of trains without using track circuits. Field controllers track the location of trains and calculate the LMA based on the train location obtained through radio transmission. The on-board controller generates a brake pattern according to the LMA received from the field controllers. This system enables moving-block signaling for high-density traffic control. We are planning to develop advanced signaling systems based on these systems.


An acousto-optic pulse shaper has been used to characterise an 8.2 fs pulse generated in a hollow-core fibre. A grism-pair compressor has been used to overcome a dispersion related bandwidth limit of the acousto-optic crystal.


At present the majority of autonomous robots are mostly used in factories where speed and accuracy are given highest priority. In our research, we are focusing in the area where the robot that cooperate with human to lift or carry a human subject. In this area the robots are required to interact with human and move in such a fashion where it will move with human-like motion so that the human subject that is being move will not feel intimidated. In order to design robot that have smooth human like motion capability during human robot interaction in cooperative task, we need to understand how human-human understand each other, how and what kind of information are exchange between them that enable human-human to be able to accomplish to move object with smooth qualities. Based on this, we need to design a system that is available to be used not only by robotic experts but by general population so that anybody can use this system for their care giving purpose. In this paper we conduct a study of how human-human utilize their sense in moving and stopping an object and we analyzed the smoothness of the motion by analyzing the hand jerk characteristic during the said task.


Acute epiglottitis (AE) must be considered as not a separate entdisease but as compound pathology with wide polymorphism, which can often need an intervention of different medical specialists: experts in resuscitation, infectiologists, immunologists, pulmonologists, and cardiologists. The increase of rate of AE and its septic complications and severe outcomes in last years forced us to consider this problem in detail on the basis of longstanding experience of Morozov children's city clinical hospital. Key words: children, acute epiglottitis, etiology, diagnosis, treatment.


A new type of automatic balancer which consists of a pair of two-ball balancers to compensate for unbalanced inertia forces and moments is presented. A stability analysis of the balanced condition achievable by such a balancer and the results of a parametric study of its stability are included. Conclusions are drawn regarding the satisfactory operation of the balancer.


Sulfonated oligochitosan(SCS)was synthesized through the reaction of oligochitosan and 2,3-oxiranemethane sulfonic acid sodium salt.The sulfonation degrees of the resulting SCS was 0.77.The product was characterized by IR and1H NMR analysis.The SCS inhibition to calcium sulfate scaling and calcium phosphate scaling were evaluated by static antiscaling tests.The inhibition rate to calcium sulfate scaling was 88% when [Ca2+] and [SO42-] were respectively 1900 mg/L and 4560 mg/L with a SCS dosage of 32 mg/L;the inhibition rate to calcium phosphate scaling was 84%when [Ca2+] and [SO42-] were respectively 100 mg/L and 5mg/L with a SCS dosage of 16 mg/L.The result showed that sulfonated oligochitosan is a noval promising kind of green water chemicals.


Numerical basin modeling simulators have been widely applied to petroleum exploration in recent years. Based on the observation and interpretation of the objective sedimentary basin, a geological conceptual model is constructed. The conceptual model is converted into input data for the simulator. When simulated results are consistent with the observation, the simulation is considered to be pertinent. The objective of the present study is to discuss the effects of heat-flow history and erosion on the vitrinite reflectance simulated by the one-dimensional maturity simulator "MATOIL®".Recent and great changes in heat-flow history can be detected easily. Measured vitrinite reflectance scatters even at the same maturity level. Quantitative estimation of the heat-flow history is restricted by the reflectance scatter. Particular attention should be paid to the fact that different heat-flow histories by which almost the same present reflectance is simulated may provide different reflectance evolutions.An unconformity was observed between the Lower Oligocene and the Pleistocene to Pliocene (?) in the Well MITI Goto-nada. At the depth of the unconformity, vitrinite reflectance does not change significantly. Based on the reflectance simulation, the eroded sediment is estimated to be thinner than the present deposit on the unconformity.The present study shows that there may be plural conceptual models which give the simulated results consistent with the present observation, however, these conceptual models may show different maturation and petroleum generation histories. From the viewpoint of petroleum exploration, the numerical simulation should be attempted repeatedly using possible conceptual, models.


Improving prediction of the skin permeability coefficient is a difficult problem, and an important issue with the increasing use of skin patches as a means of drug delivery. In this work, we apply Gaussian Processes (GPs) with five different covariance functions to predict the per- meability coefficients of human, pig, rodent and silastic membranes. We obtain a considerable improvement over quantitative structure-activity re- lationship (QSARs) predictors. The GPs with Matern and neural network covariance functions give the best performance in this work. We find that five compound features applied to human, pig and rodent membranes can- not represent the main characteristics of the silastic dataset.


The ample of overlapping cells that complicate the slides reading and interpretation by pathologists has become a problem encountered in the conventional retrieval result. Another delicate problem is determining and analyzing the nucleus in the Pap smear of microcospic cells with inflammatory. A method for detecting overlapping cells and reducing the inflammatory cells to facilitate cell identification is required to solve the problems of overlapping cells and inflammatory cells. The proposed method is based on the fact that in isolated cells, the cell nucleus is located in the center of the surrounding cytoplasm. The first phase of the proposed method is the segmentation of the overlapping cells which consists of overlapping cytoplasm segmentation and overlapped area segmentation. The second phase of the proposed method is the overlapping cell separation and the last phase is the inflammatory cells ellimination and nucleus detection. The method has been evaluated on single cell images of conventional Pap smears, and the results are very promising.


Abundance and survival of Pacific salmon have been declining. Of several hypotheses advanced to explain the declines, the major ones attribute declines to genetic deterioration, disease accumulation, variations in oceanic conditions, and density-dependent mortality. To test some of these hypotheses, we estimated the survival rate of hatchery releases of coho and fall chinook. The data consisted of mark and recapture rates of coded-wire-tagged fish from the northeastern Pacific Ocean. The mean survival by hatchery and location was analyzed by means of graphs, generalized linear models, and cluster analysis. The results indicate that salmonid populations continue to decline in most of the geographical range. The declines are particularly marked from the late 1970s to the early 1980s and from the late 1980s to the most recent years available. Age of the hatchery is of little or no importance, so disease accumulation and genetic changes are not the causes of the observed survival declines. Some hatcheries continue to have good survival rates for long periods. The overall results indicate that changes in ocean conditions could be at least partially responsible for the survival declines of coho and chinook in the Pacific Northwest.


The E-learning represents the new frontier of education, significantly improving the teaming process. In this paper we propose an e-learning model, providing both teachers and students with an open and modular learning environment. We then focus on courses personalization, both in terms of contents and teaching materials, according to each student's needs and capabilities, also taking teacher guidelines into account.


Throughout the past half-century, the formal study of psychology in African universities has been colonized by mainstream Western psychology. This situation was inimical to any early efforts to entrench African Psychology as an academic discipline in African universities. However, this negative state of affairs did not last indefinitely. But with the recent emergence of African Psychology it soon became necessary to trace the history of its emergence and evolution, formulate its definitive core of reference, engage the question about its relationship to Euro-American psychology, foreground its claims to Africanity, determine the topics it embraces as an academic subject field, and discuss the epistemological and ontological foundations on which it is grounded. This article is an attempt to contribute to this need.


Some problems, for example unformed harden or low strength, occured widely in the cement stabilized gravel base under the low temperature condition of the permafrost area. Synthetically considering such factors as early strength, frost resistance, small expand, delaying time and convenient construction, the cement multiplex additive CS-1 was developed specially for the cement stabilized gravel constructing under the special low temperature. To verifying the actual applied effect of the CS-1, the key road performance including strength, contract, frost resistance and fatigue of the base mixture mixed with the CS-1 were tested and compared with the mixture without the CS-1. The test road with the additive is built in the Qinghai-Tibet highway. It is pointed that the CS-1 additive can evidently accelerating the early-strength formation, and remarkably enhance the low-temperature early strength.The thermat-shrink crack resistance and the frost resistance of the base mixture will be evidently improved by mixing the CS- 1. The service life of the base under the low stress level will be prolonged. The results indicated that the cement additive type CS-1 is feasible to be used for the cement stabilized base under the special condition.


Topographic feature-point groups possess the information about morphological characteristics, developing mechanism and formation process of landform. This paper takes Aster GDEM (30 × 30 m grid cells) as data source to extract peak points and saddle points in the Tibet Plateau to construct topographic feature-point groups. The quantitative depiction and spatial distribution of topographic feature-point groups in the Tibet Plateau have been studied on the basis of a series of carefully designed experiments. Based on the experiment, the classification system of landform divisions has been constructed which consists of four lowly correlated factors. After the four factors are integrated into a comprehensive layer with image integration method, automatic landform division could be realized by the method of unsupervised classification. The result shows that topographic feature-point groups analysis is an effective method in recognizing the characteristics of macro landform. The classification system of landform divisions could help distinguish plains and mountains, as well as recognize the undulation of the mountains and both overall and local uplift of the plateau. This experiment proves the great significance of the topographic feature-point method in describing landform as well as further understanding on the spatial patterns of the landform in the plateau.


In view of the problem of deep foundation pits, the fall short of presently calculating method about basal heave stability is indicated. Deep basal heave stability which the excavation depth are relativity longer, the shear strength is relativity lower are studied by slip fissure method, and the model of deep basal heave stability is established. A formula for that foundation is proposed, and the scope of the formula is analyzed. The differences between slip fissure method and presently method is discussed using practice case. A satisfactory conclusion are gained. 6figs. ,1tab. ,10refs.


We propose a new method to calibrate the local volatility function of an asset from observed option prices of the underlying. Our method is initialized with a preprocessing step in which the given data are smoothened using cubic splines before they are differentiated numerically. In a second step the Dupire equation is rewritten as a linear equation for a rational expression of the local volatility. This equation is solved with Tikhonov regularization, using some discrete gradient approximation as penalty term. We show that this procedure yields local volatilities which appear to be qualitatively correct.


Abstract It is a commonly accepted belief that antioxidants protect oxidizable products from the harmful effects of oxygen by retarding the rate at which these oxidizable products combine with oxygen. Consequently, if the oxidizability of a rubber mixture containing no antioxidant and the oxidizability of the same mixture to which such an agent has been added are measured under the same conditions, the absorption of oxygen would be expected to be distinctly less rapid in the second case. This has, in fact, been proved to be true in general, not only for rubber, but also for other substances which are protected by antioxidants. In a systematic study of a series of antioxidants of differing chemical compositions, various observations were made which gave indications that these products react in two different ways. In these experiments a rubber mixture of chosen composition was prepared as a blank or control, and was compared with other mixtures of the same base composition to which various antioxidants sele...


The foundation must be strictly dealt with while constructing buildings in expansive soil areas,otherwise,many accidents will occur,such as relocation of the building foundations,housing cracks,floor cracks and so on.Based on the construction experience of the expansive soil in the project named " Rehabilitation of Water Supply System in Luanda,Angola(PhaseⅡ)",this article describes the nature of expansive soils,implements foundation treatment measures and selects a reasonable base for structures in light with the characteristics of this project,which will provide reference for the construction in expansive soil areas.


It is only five years since the Soviet Union ceased to exist and a phantom surrogate for it was createhamely, the CIS [Commonwealth of Independent States]. The anniversary was noted, a balance sheet was drawn up, and the successes and failures of the processes of integration and disintegration within this union have been analyzed by economists, geopoliticians, cultural experts, and ethnologists. It is now time for students of public opinion as well to draw a line, for the issue of how Russia's population relates to its own great-power past and the way people perceive the new realities of the CIS exert, if not decisive, at least very significant influence on the intellectual and political situation in the country, and for a long time to come they will remain a card that various parties and groups can play.


Writing good texts is a skill that needs to be learned like many other skills. Our long-term goal is to automatically improve human texts of insufficient quality and to provide an explanation for the changes made. Such a tool would be invaluable for the teaching of writing skills and for language education. It is well known that the highest quality texts are often the result of many revision cycles, starting from an initial draft and moving towards a highly polished result. To achieve this goal, a writer has to consider grammar, writing style, argumentation and coherence during the revision process [6, 11]. Out of the many ways how texts can be improved, we focus on the task of reordering sentences according to the role they play in the argumentation. Our working hypothesis is that it is foremost the argument structure that should be instrumental for the reordering. For example, should we find a major claim (main stance) in the middle of an essay, it is to be moved to the beginning or the end, while respecting all the other aspects of how it is connected to the argument. The argument structure provides not only a means to reorder sentences automatically but also explains the ways which the improved texts are better than the original texts. Therefore, in our approach, the annotation of argument structure is the first step towards automatic reordering. In this study, we analyse student essays written in various Asian countries, which are expert-scored for writing quality [4]. We concentrate particularly on medium-quality essays. They are an ideal target for our study: if they were any better, they would not need improvement; if they were any worse, the intention of the writer with respect to the argumentation would no longer be clear. In fact, we can think of them as being like a first draft that requires improvement. This paper discusses an annotation scheme that is suitable for our task. We performed three pilot studies with different definitions of argument structure, incrementally improving our annotation guideline. This process leads to a reasonable interannotator agreement among small samples in the final scheme. This paper discusses the stepwise improvements, since they may be useful to others during the creation of similar schemes.


During the innovative growth of SMEs in our country,financing difficulties.low level of information,lag of management approach,shortage of human resources,etc.has been constrained in their development.So this paper puts forward the system model of the innovative growth of SMES based on the interaction between incubator and venture capital,analyzes the mutual relations of elements,and explores dynamic mechanism of the system.


Despite advances in insulin analogues and monitoring, and changes in insulin delivery, Type 1 diabetes is still difficult to control. It can result in significant short- and long-term adverse health effects including renal failure, blindness, early cardiovascular disease and foot ulceration. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have potential benefit as an adjunct treatment in people not achieving adequate glycaemic control with insulin alone. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Due to the testing of synthesized collimator which has laser designator,a quantitative detection process is come up which is based on CCD sensor and digital image technology focus facular measurement method,proceeds system design and implement multiform synthesized collimator which has laser designator quantitative detection.Contrast with the practice detection,the measurement error of the system is less than 5% can be seen.


Marriage is a social transaction and institution which (in the law and traditional practice of the Christian West) requires as its most indispensable constitutent the willingness of the parties whom it principally concerns. Without their voluntary concurrence there can be no marriage. But once entered into, marriage is also subject to involuntary constraint and must conform to legally and socially enforceable norms. These norms are not infrequently disregarded by couples whose cohabitation is entirely voluntary and informal. Such informality is commoner in some societies and epochs and at some social levels than at others. Between informal cohabitation and formal marriage there are more halfway houses than there are supposed to be, while the actively voluntary element sustaining formal marriage is infinitely variable and immeasurable.


The present invention provides a shampoo composition effective in controlling ectoparasites, especially for exterminating lice. The shampoo composition may contain 0.001 to 5% by weight pyriproxyfen, from 10% to 70% of a surfactant Anionic, from 0.5% to 20% by weight of a polyhydric alcohol, and optionally from 1% to 8% WEIGHT OF A pyrethroid compound.


This study was conducted to identify factors that contribute to absenteeism among Malaysian and Indian employees. Three clusters of factors dealing with individual, environment and work were examined. Data were collected from the blue-collar employees working in manufacturing sector. The final sample consisted of 241 employees from Malaysia (121 regular, 120 absentee) and 645 employees from India (312 regular, 333 absentee). Absenteeism was operationalised in terms of one or more unauthorised absence from work during a month over a year. The results showed that higher educational level and greater years of work experience led to greater absenteeism among Malaysian employees; a finding contrary to the Indian sample. Malaysian employees living farther away from their place of work and Indian employees living close to work were more absent. Drinking also led to absenteeism for both samples. Risky and monotonous work, unhelpful supervisors and job satisfaction contributed in varying degrees to absenteeism for Malaysian and Indian employees.


Publication statistics are of interest (for different reasons) to authors, subscribers and the publisher alike. They also allow the identification of long-term trends relating to the JTT. During 2013, the median length of time required for refereeing research papers was 4 days (interquartile range 1–14). Based on the first six months of 2013, the median length of time between a paper being received and it appearing in print was 34 weeks. The proportion of submitted papers which was accepted for publication was less than 25%.


In approximately 150 years, the refrigeration industry, meaning the broad context of heating, cooling and refrigeration applications, profoundly impacted human daily activities. From ice harvesting during the 19th century, to initial research on artificial refrigeration conducted by W. Cullen, to well-known scientists, chemists and engineers B. Franklin, J. Hadley, J. Perkins, F. Carre, and C. von Linde, among others, refrigeration technologies experienced transformational improvements, whose fundamental principles are still in use today. The "Miracle Substances" initially introduced by Thomas Midgley et al. in the 1930s, which were then further developed to mitigate environmental concerns, enabled modern refrigeration and heat pumping systems, as well as organic Rankine cycles for power generation from renewable and waste heat sources. Despite the tremendous positive impacts on lifestyle, nutrition, personal comfort, healthcare, industrial and transportation activities in general, the refrigeration industry still faces numerous challenges. These include the future use of working fluids, further increasing energy efficiency, developing sustainable technologies, and developing reliable and efficient energy storage. This work proposes a journey from an initial historical review of refrigeration to modern technologies with an emphasis on heating and cooling applications. Key aspects of vapor compression cycles, sorption systems, gas cycles, solid-state system and other "exotic" cycles will be highlighted to provide a perspective on potential research direction to design the next-generation heating, cooling and refrigeration technologies.


Introduction: Iatrogenic acute hyponatremia has been observed following bowel preparation for colonoscopy and is believed to be associated with hypo-osmotic preparations. Aim: To review cases of hyponatremia attributed to bowel preparations for colonoscopy reported to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Methods: All adverse event (ADR) reports to the FAERS reported between March 2008 and May 2014 were reviewed. The data was filtered to cases using the term "colonoscopy" with primary ADRs of "hyponatremia" and/or seizure". Bowel preparations reviewed (including alternative spellings of brand names) included: OsmoPrepTM, MoviPrepTM, SuPrepTM, VisicolTM, Magnesium citrate, GolytelyTM, MiraLAXTM, TrilyteTM, GavilyteTM, and ColyteTM. Complete reports of all cases were obtained from the FDA using the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). Results: We reviewed 40 cases of colonoscopy preparations with primary diagnosis of hyponatremia; 15 hyponatremia cases also reported seizures. We also reviewed 17 cases with primary ADRs of seizures without hyponatremia. Serum sodium levels were available in 27 of 40 hyponatremia cases with a mean value of 118 mEq/L. The average serum sodium level in hyponatremic patients developing a seizure was 115 mEq/L. OsmoPrepTM, MoviPrepTM and SuPrepTM accounted for the majority of hyponatremia cases (35%, 32.5% and 10% respectively). Two patients with hyponatremia died from seizures followed by cerebral edema. Predisposing factors for hyponatremia induced by colonoscopy preparations include female gender (72.5%); excess fluid ingestion (17.5 %), hypothyroidism (15%), thiazide diuretics use (10%), SSRI use (7.5%) and combination of more than one preparation (5%). Conclusions: Acute hyponatremia is an uncommon but serious complication of a variety of colonoscopy bowel preparations. Identification of patients at risk, avoiding combinations of preparations and limiting excess fluid intake are strategies to prevent iatrogenic hyponatremia from colonoscopy preparation. Article Information DOI: 10.31021/ddddj.20181104 Article Type: Research Article Journal Type: Open Access


mystifying data, ill-supported theories, and uneven explanations of the law's machinery. How did Zelden choose and classify the cases he discusses? He does not say. Although court cases offer promising information, they should be sampled and categorized coherently. The few scattered tables do not have consistent, lucid case classifications. In table 6 (p. 195), for instance, he separates cases into public, private, diversity, and insurance cases. Yet most would consider diversity cases—which are brought by private parties—as "private."


In this paper, we continue the work of [1] and obtain a complete picture of asymptotic behavior and blow-up properties of solutions of a non-local Burgers' equation.


The aim of this study is to identify the appropriate movement for maintaining postural balance during Front Kick and Turning Side Kick motions. To do so, ten Taekwondo athletes: five skilled players(S, body mass: , height: , age: , career: ) and five less-skilled players(LS, body mass: , height: , age: , career: ) participated in this study. A three-dimensional motion analysis was performed on the participants using eight infrared cameras and two force plate(sampling frequency of 200 Hz and 2000 Hz for S and LS players, respectively). The participants` motions were divided into: a front-kick phase(P1) and a turning-side-kick phase(P2). For P2(p


The locations of benzene molecules inside completely siliceous ZSM-5 at various loading levels were determined from FT−Raman spectra of benzene adsorbed in ZSM-5. In the low loading range (1−4 molecules/u.c.), all of the guest molecules reside at the channel intersections. In the intermediate loading range (5 and 6 molecules/u.c.), four benzene molecules are located at the intersections, while the remaining guest molecules access the zigzag channel segments. In the high loading range (7 and 8 molecules/u.c.), four guest molecules remain at the intersections and the rest of the benzene molecules move to the midsections of the straight channels. The changes in the Raman spectra of both sorbate and sorbent clearly indicate that the host framework undergoes two successive phase transitions at the loadings of 5 and 7 molecules/u.c., respectively. The zeolitic framework vibrations also indicate that there are very strong interactions between the guest molecules and the host framework in the high loaded phase.


ABSTRACT The present study, undertaken in the state of Kerala, India, documented 111 Indigenous Crop Production Practices (ICPPs; traditional practices) for banana and most of the practices were registered in the technology dimensions of seeds and seedlings (19%), manuring (19%), and planting in main field (15%). Of the 111 practices, 35 were selected for analysis of rationality, and for knowledge and adoption among farmers. Of the 35 practices, 27 (77%) were rated as rational and the scientific rationale/operational principles were elucidated in the study, revealing a strong scientific base for these practices. The knowledge of and the adoption of these traditional practices by farmers was found to be good. The effectiveness of the practices, as perceived by the farmers who had adopted them, were analysed for 21 practices, and it was found that majority (86%) of the traditional practices for banana production were effective. The study revealed that many indigenous practices for banana were both rational and effective. These practices require urgent attention in order to integrate them with modern technologies, which in turn would promote sustainable crop production and maintenance of ecosystem integrity. Abbreviation: ITK: indigenous technical knowledge


In 2016, a smart contact lens was developed by Google company which aimed to directly
implanting micro-smart lenses into the human eye to test blood sugar percentage by tears.
However, small sizes implantable devices such as contact lens requires power transfer unit
for continuously power supply. Thus, this project aims to design a power transfer unit with
Inductively Coupled Power Transfer (ICPT) technology for smart contact lens which works
under 2.45GHz to power an LED at load. The coil size is designed as 10mm inner diameter,
12mm outer diameter and 0.2mm wire width. Additionally, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)
is used as the contact lens substrate. During the simulation, different eye models were built
since the coil needs to be warped on top of lens and the eyeball, and under different
conditions the S11 parameter is adjusted to around -10dB. The antenna is fabricated by
technician in school, due to the technology restriction, the antenna was fabricated with
unequal line width, which causes a resonate frequency shift to 900MHz with -8dB S11 value.
To power an LED at load side, full-wave and half-wave rectifiers are built separately with
different component values and send to fabrication. The antenna performance was tested
under three conditions, in air, on human hand, and on water surface to imitate the liquid
condition in human eye, but since the dielectric constant varies in each case, and for
fabrication there is an extra circuit unit which effecting the copper coil numbers, the tested
resonant frequency is not as desired values.


Antimony (III) (O-alkyl, O-cycloalkyl and O-aryltrithiophosphates) of the type [(RO)P(S)S2]3Sb2 (R = Me, Et, Pr", Pr', Bu", Bu, Bu', Am', Ph and C. h. = cyclohexyl ) have been synthesised for the first time by the reaction of antimony trichloride with potassium trithiophosphates in 2:3 molar ratio . Reactivity of these compounds has been studied by the reactions of these compounds with halogens and Lewis acids such as anhydrous aluminium trichloride. These new compounds have been characterised by elemental analysis, TGA as well as IR, C NMR, 3 P NMR and solid state A1 NMR spectral studies and tentative structures have been proposed.


The boiling water reactor owner's group (BWROG) is a forum in which all 24 domestic utilities that operate BWRs work together to address issues of mutual interest. Formed in 1979 following the Three Mile Island Unit 2 (TMI-2) accident to address regulatory issues and lessons learned, the group has evolved to respond to the changing needs of the BWR utilities and the shifting environment of the nuclear industry. Most recently in 1987 and 1988, as the goals of the new Nuclear Management and Resources Council (NUMARC) are established, the BWROG is being requested to act as a technical arm of NUMARC for BWR issues. This paper describes these recent developments in the BWROG's role in the nuclear industry.


This year marks the 20-year anniversary of the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) epidemic, which originated in the United Kingdom (UK) in February 2001, and subsequently spread to Ireland, the Netherlands and France.


We present measurements on side-gated graphene constrictions of different geometries. We characterize the transport gap by its width in back-gate voltage and compare this to an analysis based on Coulomb blockade measurements of localized states. We study the effect of an applied side-gate voltage on the transport gap and show that high side-gate voltages lift the suppression of the conductance. Finally we study the effect of an applied magnetic field and demonstrate the presence of edge states in the constriction.


It is inevitable for adult college management to implement service concept.The main point of following service concept to improve adult college management is to improve teaching management,educational administration management,logistics management,enrolment and employment management.To ensure the implementation of all those strategies smoothly,we need to strengthen the service functions of the government and promote the reform of adult colleges and strive for adult students'cooperation.


Inter-band photo-excitation of electron states with the twisted photons in GaAs, a direct band-gap bulk semiconductor, is considered theoretically. Assuming linearity of the quantum transition amplitudes and applying Wigner-Eckart theorem, we derive a plane-wave expansion of twisted-photon amplitudes and obtain relative probabilities for magnetic sub-level population of the photo-electrons in conduction band. The approach for calculating the position dependent electron polarization, resulting from photo-absorption of twisted light, is described for vertical transitions in the $\Gamma$ - point. Theoretical predictions for GaAs show the interplay of spin and orbital angular momentum of the twisted photons that alters the magnitude and the sign of photoelectron polarization in the region near photon's phase singularity.


B. aegyptiaca, it is a species of economic and cultural importance in various countries, with diverse uses that include: medicinal, charcoal, pesticides and forage and in vitro callus production is important to have many applications in both basic and industrial research on this specie. For the induction of callus, B. aegyptica seed cotyledons were surface sterilized with 90% ethanol for 1 minute and cultivated in MS media supplemented with 2,4-D, BAP and NAA. Both the callus and seed were collected and dried in an oven at 40°C - 45°C. Cotyledon's seed and callus were grounded into the powdered form using mortar and pestle and stored at room temperature for further use. Five grams (5 g) each of the powder were mixed with 50 ml of the solvents: methanol and n-hexane (1:10) w/v, agitated vigorously and kept on an orbital shaker at 150 rpm for 24 h, then filtered. The extracts of the plant sample were evaluated in agar dilution method which was used to determine the MIC and MBC of the extracts. The auxin NAA in low concentrations (0.5 mg/L) in the presence of a dose of 0.5 mg/L of the cytokinin BAP induced 100% callus formation. The 50 and 100 mg/ml methanolic extracts were more effective than the n-hexane extracts for both the gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. By callus extracts under 100 and 50 mg/ml reveals that methanolic extracts of callus had the highest zone of inhibition. An effective protocol for callus induction has been developed that can use for germplasm conservation or for genetic engineering. Evidence from the present study revealed both extracts possess strong broad-spectrum antibacterial effect. Therefore, methanolic extract of seed kernel callus of B. aegyptiaca can be utilized as a new source of broad spectrum antibacterial drugs for effective control of bacteria related diseases.


Reading skills are critical to children's academic success (Adams, 1990), and the effects of poor reading are compounded over time (Stanovich, 1986). Language skills that influence reading abilities are formed in the beginning stages of life. Children's early language experiences not only set the stage for their learning potential, but they also greatly influence their academic trajectory (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2000; Shonkoff & Phillips, 2000; Snow, Burns, & Griffin, 1998; Whitehurst & Lonigan, 2001).


Hyperglycemic crisis episode (HCE) suggests a poor control of diabetes, which may increase the risk of Parkinson disease (PD). This study aimed to clarify this issue since literature remains unclear.Patients with diabetes with and without HCE matched at a 1:1 ratio by age, sex, and index date between 2000 and 2002 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database were identified for analyses. Comparison of PD between patients with diabetes with and without HCE was performed by follow-up until 2012. Independent predictors for PD were also investigated among all patients.A total of 10,056 patients with diabetes with HCE and an identical number of patients with diabetes without HCE were included in the study. The mean age and male ratio were 62.0 years and 52.1%, respectively in both cohorts. Patients with HCE were found to have higher prevalence rates of hypertension, renal disease, hyperlipidemia, mental disorder, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, liver disease, and head injury than those without HCE. Patients with HCE for ≥3 times had a higher risk for PD (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR]: 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-1.54) compared to those without HCE; however, patients with HCE for 1 or 2 times were not at high risk. Older age except ≥85 years, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and mental disorder were also independent predictors for PD.HCE for ≥3 times is associated with PD. Close follow-up in older patients with HCE as well as control of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and mental disorder are warranted.


Summary form only given. A problem of contemporary interest at both fundamental and applied levels concerns the ultimate speed "limit" for magnetization switching in magnetic storage media, typically composed of transition metal multilayers. It has been demonstrated recently how the absorption of light from fsec laser pulses in thin ferromagnetic metal layers can create a hot, excess electron spin population. Here we make use of such excitation by directly modulating an internal magnetic field which can be built into specific magnetic material heterostructures of contemporary interest in magnetoelectronics. In particular we demonstrate that ultrafast coherent magnetization rotation, in analog to Bloch equations of magnetic resonance, can be triggered by modulation of the exchange field which exists at the interface between magnetically coupled thin film bilayers with ultrashort laser pulses.


The author of the article asks whether it is possible to practice post-anthropocentric hermeneutics. He expresses the need for opening the hermeneutic thought to the problem of what is non-human, especially in the context of contemporary diagnoses of the Anthropocene, climate crisis, ecological crisis, etc. Such a postanthropocentric correction of hermeneutics is possible due to the notion of "understanding" which can be extended towards understanding of non-human others and towards understanding with non-human others. This coincides with insights which have been formulated within animal studies, ecocriticism, posthumanism, etc. In order to make such an extension happen, however, a biopolitical correction of hermeneutics is also required, which would restore the hermeneutic subject to the biological and material life.


This chapter focuses on the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement's effect on technology transfer to developing countries. It also focuses on the comprehensive impact of intellectual property rights on internalized and externalized channels for technology transfer. Transfer of technology occurs through several channels, but there are a number of channels that are considered to be the most important. The awareness and importance of intellectual property rights have increased rapidly during recent years. Intellectual property rights are traditionally viewed as compensation to inventors and as an important incentive for innovation. The most common form of international technology transfer for multinational enterprises (MNEs) has been to invest technology in their subsidiaries abroad, because then they can effectively control the information transferred.Keywords: intellectual property rights; international technology transfer; multinational enterprises (MNEs); TRIPS Agreement


The last ten years of curriculum reform have been dominated by discussion of educational objectives. Curriculum workers know well how to express the purposes of a course, but less well how to describe a learning atmosphere in which these purposes may be pursued. In the individual classroom a teacher might have very clear objectives, yet-fail to achieve anything because he is unable to create a productive learning atmosphere. Conversely, of course, a good atmosphere may be inadequately exploited if the teacher lacks clear objectives. Students' motivation is of crucial importance and yet present curriculum models devote much more attention to objectives than to how to engage students' interest and effort. Our contention is that this is because we lack an adequate way of discussing how children can be motivated. In the first part of this paper we propose a method of clarifying such discussions so as to make explicit the consequences for curriculum design, and in the second part we describe its use in the current work of the Science Teacher Education Project.


The paper presents CFD simulation of flow over a wavy surface for selected geometric configurations and external flow velocities. The simulation characteristics and results are described in relation to the computational model whose assumptions are confirmed. The wall shear stress and pressure profile are investigated in dependence on the ratio of the wave amplitude to the wavelength.


A novel method for the regio- and stereoselective synthesis of substituted 3-coumaranones from salicylaldehydes and allenes using a rhodium(III) catalyst has been developed. This procedure gives access to new 2-vinyl-substituted 3-coumaranone compounds. The method involves a Rh(III)-catalyzed aldehyde C-H activation and annulation reactions. Moreover, this Rh(III)-catalyzed [4 + 1] annulation reaction has been applied to 2-aminobenzaldehydes to afford 2,2-disubstituted 3-indolinones.


The present invention discloses a method to realize cross-domain route separation. In source node originating to host node cross-domain separation route access request based on same calling, source node requests route calculation to network topology information located node, to obtain each domain entry sub network point pool, outlet sub network point pool and route information between domains. Each domain route calculation server calculates all connected in domain separation route assembly in this calling according to entry sub network point pool, outlet sub network point pool and this connected call identification and connection and connection identification. The present invented method can realize establishing cross domain separation route connection, at the same time when any connection in this calling requires reroute, optimizing etc route dynamic alteration condition, capable of continue ensuring route separation, thereby raising service viability.


MC14600 is a kind of general alarm IC which is designed to make the interface of alarm circuit simple. We can use a few outer components to build all kinds of alarm applied circuits. This article describes its composing,features and application instance.


In this paper, a parametric approach to design a Luenberger functional observer for linear time-varying (LTV) systems with time-delay is investigated. Based on the solution to generalized Sylvester equation (GSE), the complete general parametric expressions for the functional observer gain matrices are established with the time-varying coefficient matrices, the time-varying closed-loop system and a group of arbitrary parameters. With the parametric method, the observation error system can be transformed into a linear system with the expected eigenstructure. Finally, a numerical simulation is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the parametric approach.


Program analyses and transformations that are more aggressive and more domain-specific than those traditionally performed by compilers are one possible route to achieving the rapid creation of reliable and efficient embedded software. We are creating a new framework for Vertically Integrated Program Analysis (VIPA) that makes use of information gathered at multiple levels of abstraction such as high-level models, source code, and assembly language. This paper describes our approach and shows how and why it will help create better embedded software.


We have investigated the gas-phase photolysis of n-butyraldehyde (CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 CHO) and i-butyraldehyde ((CH 3 ) 2 CHCHO) at 5 nm intervals in the 280-330 nm region using dye laser photolysis in combination with cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Absorption cross sections of both aldehydes have been measured. The quantum yields of radical/molecular photolysis products have been determined as functions of photodissociation wavelength (λ), aldehyde pressure, and nitrogen buffer-gas pressure. The HCO radical is a photodecomposition product of both aldehydes. The HCO quantum yields, determined by monitoring HCO absorption at 613.8 nm, decrease with increasing aldehyde pressure in the 1-10 Torr range because of the increasing HCO + HCO, HCO + R, and HCO + RCHO reactions (R = n-C 3 H 7 and i-C 3 H 7 ) at higher aldehyde pressures and because of quenching by ground-state aldehydes. After separation of the contribution of HCO radical reactions, the aldehyde pressure quenching effect was observed only at λ ≥ 310 nm. The HCO quantum yields (at all λ values) and the ratios of quenching to unimolecular decay rate constants of excited aldehydes (λ ≥ 310 nm) are given. The HCO quantum yields from n-butyraldehyde photolysis are 0.52 ′ 0.05, 0.74 ′ 0.08, 0.84 ′ 0.04, and 0.77 ′ 0.08 at 305, 310, 315, and 320 nm, respectively, where the uncertainty (1σ) represents experimental scatter only. The corresponding HCO quantum yields from i-butyraldehyde photolysis are 0.92 ′ 0.08, 1.06 ′ 0.07, 1.06 ′ 0.13, and 1.10 ′ 0.10. The differences in the peak HCO quantum yields are attributed to the opening up of the Norrish II channel (formation of C 2 H 4 + CH 3 CHO) from n-butyraldehyde photolysis. The dependence of the HCO quantum yield on the nitrogen buffer-gas pressure was examined between 8 and 400 Torr; no dependence was observed. The end products from the photolysis of both aldehydes were analyzed by mass spectrometry. The occurrence of the Norrish II channel is confirmed for n-butyraldehyde.


For Yanzhou Coal Mining Co.,Ltd., on the basis of an analysis of market advantages on its products, core technologies, brand reputation and sophisticated technologies, we find that it is well suited for adopting three kinds of financial development strategy, including expansion of scale, expansion of technology, and expansion of capital operation. Accordingly, we set up the software for supporting financial expansion to predict annual financing of the future, assisting decision-making for Yanzhou Coal Mining Co.,Ltd..


A complex multivalued hierarchical logic is proposed in which three propositional logics are integrated – one real and two imaginary. The first imaginary logic has "truer" states than the real logic, and the second imaginary logic has even more "truer" states than the first. This leads to hierarchy in the resulting complex multivalued logical structure.It is proved that in the obtained complex logic all axioms of the Boolean algebra and the distribution lattice are fulfilled, without leading to contradictions.The possibilities for applications of the proposed complex logic are stated.


This paper reports the seismites of the area Guiyang wudang at first,itdescribes systematically about the sand ball,the sandstone wall and the characteristics of liquefied fold.For the ordovician deposition event,the ancient geography,the ancient structure research and so on,it provides new imformation,as well for the study of guizhou uplift.It also reflects the intensity of the tectonic movement occurring at the end of the early ordovician,and may be the first act of DouYun movement.


Stochastic dynamic teams and games are rich models for decentralized systems and challenging testing grounds for multiagent learning. Previous work that guaranteed team optimality assumed stateless dynamics, or an explicit coordination mechanism, or joint-control sharing. In this article, we present an algorithm with guarantees of convergence to team optimal policies in teams and common interest games. The algorithm is a two-timescale method that uses a variant of Q-learning on the finer timescale to perform policy evaluation while exploring the policy space on the coarser timescale. Agents following this algorithm are "independent learners": they use only local controls, local cost realizations, and global state information, without access to controls of other agents. The results presented here are the first, to the best of our knowledge, to give formal guarantees of convergence to team optimality using independent learners in stochastic dynamic teams and common interest games.


The observation that widely different kinds of glass-forming systems seem to show some universal behavior a t the glass transition point has in recent years created an increasing interest in these problems. Volume, entropy, free energy, etc. change continuously whereas a discontinuous change occurs for the compressibility, the thermal expansion coefficient, and the heat capacity. This is true for polymers, and it also seems to be true for so-called computer glasses, such as hard-sphere and Lennard-Jones fluids, which can only be brought into the glassy state through computer simulations. Because a finite cooling rate is required there is always a certain smearing of the glass transition, and this is particularly noticeable in computer experiments. Some hysteresis effects have been observed,' when passing through the transition point in both directions, and this strongly suggests that the vitrification is basically of a dynamical origin. The viscosity increases many orders of magnitude when approaching the glass transition point, and characteristic non-Arrhenius temperature dependence has been found. A similar behavior is found for the self-diffusion constant, which approaches zero on freezing. This implies that structural relaxations connected with molecular diffusion are slowed down and are finally arrested when passing into the glassy state. A characteristic feature is that the slow relaxations show a nonexponential decay (in such cases the experimental data are conventionally fit to a stretched exponential). Recently a plausible explanation for such a time dependence has been given.' Actually, in some cases one observes two different slow relaxation processes, where one is arrested at the transition point and the other stays essentially unchanged when moving into the glass.' Recently a dynamical model was proposed independently by Leutheusser3 and by Bengtzelius et d4 that contains a mechanism for a liquid-glass transition. The basic approach is the same as one that has been used extensively and tested successfully for analyzing the microscopic motions in ordinary monatomic liquids. It is based on the Zwanzig-Mori procedure' for deriving formally exact transport equations combined with mode-coupling approximations, familiar from the work by Kawasaki6 and others on critical dynamics. An important effect in liquids is the so-called cage effect, where an atom has a tendency of being trapped for some time by its surrounding atoms. It leads to a significant reduction of the self-diffusion constant. The mode-coupling approximation contains this trapping effect as a prominent feature. This becomes more and more important as we go to lower temperatures, and it leads finally to a


The utility model discloses an over-form construction formwork for oblique earth-retaining walls, which is widely used in expressway construction recently. The over-form construction formwork is characterized by comprising a single set-shaped combined steel formwork with the height of 1.5-2 m, connecting reinforcing steel channels, triangular supports (including lifting screws), back ridge steel channels, front ridge steel channels, diagonal pull rods, end steel plates, reinforcing steel channels and the like, wherein the triangular supports are formed by processing square steel bars; the lifting screws are mounted at the tails of the bottom edges of the triangular supports; the set-shaped combined steel formwork and the connecting reinforcing steel channels are connected and fastened with the triangular supports, the back ridge steel channels and the front ridge steel channels through left-handed bolts; the front and rear set-shaped combined steel formwork (i.e. the single set-shaped combined steel formwork) strains back ridges and front ridges through the diagonal pull rods, so as to realize the stability of the whole over-form construction formwork system and prevent the over-form construction formwork from displacement and deformation when the over-form construction formwork is loaded.


It discloses a method for producing aluminum, comprising the steps of: cutting the aluminum pipe circumference. Then rolled rolling. Also disclosed is a photosensitive member having the electronic lighting tubes, the device unit, an electrophotographic apparatus and a developing roller.


Concern with the quality of online education has become a major hurdle to the development of distant education in China.Some scholars have researched on the outcomes of learning as well as conditions for such outcomes.This paper continues the discussion on whether learning has happened,as well as the conditions to make learning happen in an online setting.The paper concludes that learning does happen in distance education in China,though not as effectively as educators would have preferred.The paper modifed the "five conditions" theory and proposed some perspectives that may be helpful to professionals in this field.


This paper presents mobile phone based service of 3D virtual space. First, this paper introduces a 3D responsive virtual space which includes 3D indoor virtual environment and model of real and virtual sensors in indoor space. In responsive 3D virtual space, a status of 3D virtual environment is dynamically changed according to the sensor status. Second, an interactive service on mobile phone is introduced for browsing of 3D responsive virtual space. The main feature of this service is that interactive 3D view image browsing can be provided with popular mobile phone without 3D graphic engine. Finally, the system implementation of our service and its experiment are described.


Measurements of electron drift velocities have been made in 0·4673% and 1·686% hydrogenkrypton mixtures at 293 K and values of E/ N from 0·08 to 2·5 Td with an estimated uncertainty of <±0·7%. The data have been used in conjunction with the H2 cross sections of England et aL (1988) to derive the momentum transfer cross section for krypton over the energy range 0·05 to 6·0 eV. The drift velocity data have also been used to test the Kr momentum transfer cross sections of Koizumi et aL (1986) and Hunter (personal communication 1988). The cross section of Koizumi et aL is clearly incompatible with the present measurements while the cross section of Hunter has been used to predict these measurements to within 1% to 3%.


Steel fiber is the most common type of fiber reinforcement in cementitious materials. The reinforcement efficiency, in terms of maximum crack bridging force and total energy absorption during fiber pullout, is a function of many parameters including the properties of fiber, matrix, and interface as well as fiber size, volume fraction, geometry, and distribution. This paper focuses on the effect of fiber yield strength on reinforcement efficiency. Fiber pullout specimens are fabricated with fibers of different yield strengths. Because cracks in a concrete member may intersect fibers at different angles, pullout tests are carried out with the fiber inclined at 0 deg (0 rad), 30 deg (0.5 rad), and 60 deg (1 rad). The experimental results indicate the existence of an optimal fiber yield strength for the maximization of pullout load and pullout work. Inspection of the pullout curves as well as microscopic studies show that a higher fiber yield strength will result in more severe matrix spalling around the fiber exit point, thus limiting the further improvement in reinforcement efficiency. The results confirm the qualitative trend predicted by an existing theoretical model and indicate that the fiber yield strength is an important parameter that should not be overlooked in the design of fiber reinforced cementitious composites.


This article provides a complex analysis of corruption crimes in Ukraine. The analysis is showing that a third of corruption crimes are committed in five regions of Ukraine, and a conclusion was made about the uneven corruption environment. It was found that in the structure of corruption crimes the largest part is occupied by administrative corruption crimes. In general, the structure of administrative corruption crimes in Ukraine is homogeneous. Almost all administrative corruption crimes concern violations of financial control requirements. In other words, the vast majority of Ukrainian corrupt criminals hide or distort information about their income and foreign financial investments. In the structure of criminal corruption crimes, the largest share is occupied by offenses related to obtaining illegal benefits and abuse of official position. On the other side, in the structure of disciplinary liability for corruption crimes, the largest share is occupied by offenses related to non-compliance with the requirements of financial control, a conflict of interests, and the receipt of illegal benefits. Based on a comprehensive analysis of corruption crimes in Ukraine, a behavioral stereotype of a Ukrainian corruptor has been developed. The logical sequence of actions of the Ukrainian corruptor has six stages: one's main interest is their own benefit, which excludes the interests of the nation and society; abuses one's official position; receives illegal benefits; rapidly accumulates material goods; stores money abroad; hides and distorts information about personal income. This article systematizes the psychological characteristics of a corruptor. The psychological portrait of a corruptor is formed by specific moral and psychological traits and socio-role characteristics, such as feelings of permissiveness and influence, envy, vanity, money cult, sociability, a propensity to risk, lack of empathy, careerism, ostentatious control. Ostentatious control means a demonstration of «poker face», which hides irresponsibility, unreliability, impulsiveness, emotional instability, aggression. The article proposes a number of institutional changes aimed at reducing the corruption environment in Ukraine.


Connected autonomous vehicles (CAV) constitute an important application of future-oriented traffic management .A vehicular system dominated by fully autonomous vehicles requires a robust and efficient vehicle-to-everything (V2X) infrastructure that will provide sturdy connection of vehicles in both short and long distances for a large number of devices, requiring high spectral efficiency (SE). Power domain non-orthogonal multiple access (PD-NOMA) technique has the potential to provide the required high SE levels. In this paper, a vehicular PD-NOMA testbed is implemented using software defined radio (SDR) nodes. The main concerns and their corresponding solutions arising from the implementation are highlighted. The bit error rates(BER) of vehicles with different channel conditions are measured for mobile and stationary cases. The extent of the estimation errors on the success rate beyond the idealized theoretical analysis view is investigated and the approaches to alleviate these errors are discussed. Finally, our perspective on possible PD-NOMA based CAV deployment scenarios is presented in terms of performance constraints and expectancy along with the overlooked open issues.


DEBI DEBORA HARO. Aquaculture Activity Impact of Floating Net Cages Against Water Quality in Toba Lake Sub-District Haranggaol Horison Simalungun Regency of North Sumatra. Under academic supervision by YUNASFI and ZULHAM APANDY HARAHAP. Aquaculture of floating net cages system at Lake Toba in particular Haranggaol developed rapidly, As uncontrolled development unit of culture can cause experienced water quality in Haranggaol, Toba Lake so that it can pass through water quality standart. This research aim to know the level of water pollution in Lake Toba Haranggaol using the STORET Methods and compares with the controls. This research was done in MayJuly 2013. Station used for research that was Station 1 at environment of floating net cages and Station 2 at controls. Average value of each parameter water quality in each station was varied among other such as range of temperature: 26-28 C, brightness: 2,8-5,35 meter, turbidity: 0,16-7.13 NTU, TSS: 12.36 -19.36 mg/l, pH: 7,1 8,3, DO: 4,3–6,3 mg/l, BOD: 0,4-1,7 mg/l, COD: 4,42 -6,63 mg/l, NH3: 0,115–0,293 mg/l, NO3: 0,306–0,814 mg/l, NO2: 0,001–0,015 mg/l, PO4: 0,038–0,188mg/l and fecal coliform: 8,6–22,2 MPN/100 ml. Results of research showed the average value of organic matter at environment of floating net cages was 0,217 mg/l of NH3, 0,578 mg/l of NO3 and 0,134 mg/l of PO4, while on the controls was 0,144 mg/l of NH3, 0,401 mg/l of NO3 and 0,056 mg/l of PO4. Therefore, that can be concluded that value of average organic matter as NH3, NO3 and PO4 at environment of floating net cages Haranggaol higher than at controls. and has passed water quality parameter with defined standart according to PP No. 82 Year 2001 Class III. Based on STORET methods, Haranggaol Lake Toba categorized into the class C that is in middle polluted.