Diet‐induced obesity is known to alter dopamine neurochemistry within central reward circuitry essential for coding the rewarding properties of palatable foods. Our objective was to investigate whether high multivitamin (10‐fold, HV) intake during pregnancy alone, which increases post‐weaning (PW) weight gain in Wistar rat dams, affects their dopamine (DA) metabolism and related gene expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) when exposed to an obesogenic environment. Pregnant Wistar rats were fed an AIN‐93G diet with either the recommended vitamin (1‐fold, RV) or HV mix (n=15/group). During lactation, dams were fed a RV diet until weaning and then a high fat (RV with 60% fat) diet for 16 weeks. Dams fed the HV diet gained 30% (p<0.05) more weight after weaning than RV dams. Although differences in food intake were not detected, HV dams had a 10% (p<0.05) reduced preference for sucrose when exposed to a two‐bottle preference test (4% sucrose vs. water) at 12 weeks PW suggesting a state of reward hypofunction. Total DA, DA receptor 1a/2, catechol‐O‐methyl transferase and monoamine‐oxidase A mRNA expression in the NAc was unaffected by diets. However, turnover rate of homovanillic acid, but not di‐hydroxypheneylactic acid, was significantly lower in HV dams (p<0.05). In conclusion, HV diet during pregnancy in Wistar rat dams induces DA dysregulation in the NAc later in life and is consistent with PW weight gain.


Repetitive online computation of the control vector by solving the optimal control problem of a non-linear multivariable process with arbitrary performance indices is investigated. Two different methods are considered in the search for an optimal, parameterized control vector: Pontryagin's Maximum Principle and optimization by using the performance index and its gradient directly. Unfortunately, solving this optimization problem has turned out to be a rather time-consuming task which has resulted in a time delay that cannot be accepted when the actual process is exposed to rapidly-varying disturbances. However, an instantaneous feedback strategy operating in parallel with the original control algorithm was found to be able to cope with this problem.


do exemplify the spirited rhetoric of Excoffon, the Fonderie Olive, and twentieth-century French graphic design. The Excoffon texts reproduced as appendices appear for the first time in English. Here, too, the articles have their charm but are not especially substantial. Excoffon was not only a type designer with the Fonderie Olive: he was also a groundbreaking advertising designer. That portion of his career mostly lies outside of the scope of this book. (Readers interested in a broader study of Excoffon's life might look for David Rault's Roger Excoffon: Le gentleman de la typographie, yet another recent, bilingual history marking Excoffon's centenary.) But as a study of accomplished twentieth-century type design, Roger Excoffon et la Fonderie Olive deserves high praise. It is a satisfying whole – the voices of the various contributors mesh seamlessly – but its chapters on various typefaces could also serve as standalone studies for scholars or students interested in those designs. The book is an appealing portrait of an ingenious designer. It is also a model of attentive research and analysis that is a welcome addition to the field of type history.


Interfacial melting of thin (∼65 nm) Ni2Si films thermally grown on 〈111〉 Si has been observed after pulsed laser irradiation. Low‐energy implanted Bi was used as a marker to detect surface melting. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry has shown that the energy density threshold for interfacial mixing was lower than the one at which changes in the Bi profile occurred. Cross‐section transmission electron microscopy performed on those samples has shown the existence of a reacted layer, ∼20 nm, at the silicide/silicon interface while no change in the structure of the outermost 50 nm was observed. The reacted layer formed sharp interfaces with both the underlying silicon and the silicide. Interfacial melting has been related to the presence in the phase diagram of an eutectic between the compound and the pure silicon.


The recent observations from the James Webb Space Telescope have led to a surprising discovery of a significant density of massive galaxies with masses of M ≥ 1010.5 M ⊙ at redshifts of approximately z ∼ 10. This corresponds to a stellar mass density of roughly ρ * ∼ 106 M ⊙ Mpc-3. Despite making conservative assumptions regarding galaxy formation, this finding may not be compatible with the standard ΛCDM cosmology that is favored by observations of CMB Anisotropies from the Planck satellite. In this paper, we confirm the substantial discrepancy with Planck's results within the ΛCDM framework. Assuming a value of ϵ = 0.2 for the efficiency of converting baryons into stars, we indeed find that the ΛCDM model is excluded at more than 99.7 % confidence level (C.L.). An even more significant exclusion is found for ϵ ∼ 0.1, while a better agreement, but still in tension at more than 95 %, is obtained for ϵ = 0.32. This tension, as already discussed in the literature, could arise either from systematics in the JWST measurements or from new physics. Here, as a last-ditch effort, we point out that disregarding the large angular scale polarization obtained by Planck, which allows for significantly larger values of the matter clustering parameter σ 8, could lead to better agreement between Planck and JWST within the ΛCDM framework. Assuming ΛCDM and no systematics in the current JWST results, this implies either an unknown systematic error in current large angular scale CMB polarization measurements or an unidentified physical mechanism that could lower the expected amount of CMB polarization produced during the epoch of reionization. Interestingly, the model compatible with Planck temperature-only data and JWST observation also favors a higher Hubble constant H 0 = 69.0±1.1 km/s/Mpc at 68% C.L., in better agreement with observations based on SN-Ia luminosity distances.


The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a nonvolatile memory device, a device isolation region, the isolation film is formed, the active region has the first conductive layer including the tunnel insulating film and floating the first conductive film for a gate is formed on the isolation film On the dielectric film, using the control gate a second conductive film and the gate hard phase which the mask is a semiconductor substrate is provided is formed, the gate hard mask as an etching mask, the second step of the conductive pattern film as the dielectric film is etched to be exposed patterning the dielectric film so that also etched with the first conductive layer, and by containing residual patterning said first accordance with the pattern of the gate hard mask, the first conductive film, when the gate is patterned between the floating gate micro-bridge (micro bridge ) 2 bit fail (fail 2bit) between adjacent cells to prevent The can be improved. Patterning the gate, micro-bridge, etching selectivity, patterned ONO


These books describe archaeological survey and excavation conducted in advance of construction for the new Hong Kong airport on the island of Chek Lap Kok. The main volume is one of the few archaeological reports written primarily in English for an area in China. The abundance of photos and figures also makes the volume useful for teaching. The booklet is a summary of the salvage project written in Chinese and English for the public. Prior knowledge about the culture history of Chek Lap Kok was limited. Two people conducted a survey of the island for one month in 1990. A large team (including members of the Hong Kong Archaeological Society, local students, and foreign specialists) excavated seven major sites during a ninemonth period, ending just before the bulldozers arrived in August 1991. The extent of cooperation among the archaeologists, local organizations, and the government is commendable. The Royal Hong Kong Jockey Club funded all of the fieldwork. One of the Tang Dynasty (A.D. 618-907) lime kilns discovered at the Fu Tei Wan Site was removed by crane and boat for future display at the airport terminal.


This paper aims to explore history and spectrum of racial theories alongside the history of 'passing,' designating phenomena where half-blooded people...


We consider a one-dimensional lattice of Ising-type variables where the ferromagnetic exchange interaction J between neighboring sites is frustrated by a long-ranged anti-ferromagnetic interaction of strength g between the sites i and j, decaying as |i-j|^-alpha, with alpha>1. For alpha smaller than a certain threshold alpha_0, which is larger than 2 and depends on the ratio J/g, the ground state consists of an ordered sequence of segments with equal length and alternating magnetization. The width of the segments depends on both alpha and the ratio J/g. Our Monte Carlo study shows that the on-site magnetization vanishes at finite temperatures and finds no indication of any phase transition. Yet, the modulation present in the ground state is recovered at finite temperatures in the two-point correlation function, which oscillates in space with a characteristic spatial period: The latter depends on alpha and J/g and decreases smoothly from the ground-state value as the temperature is increased. Such an oscillation of the correlation function is exponentially damped over a characteristic spatial scale, the correlation length, which asymptotically diverges roughly as the inverse of the temperature as T=0 is approached. This suggests that the long-range interaction causes the Ising chain to fall into a universality class consistent with an underlying continuous symmetry. The e^(Delta/T)-temperature dependence of the correlation length and the uniform ferromagnetic ground state, characteristic of the g=0 discrete Ising symmetry, are recovered for alpha > alpha_0.


Sustainable development is a new kind of "human-centered" idea on development,which can not onlymake the ecology crisis reach the harmony of the ecology,but also make the world crisis and the human crisis reach their harmony respectively.


Cement stability crushed stone base, as transient layer of high-grade road surface, is one of important road surface structure layers. So the good and bad of its quality directly influences use effect of road surface. Aimed at present situation the author emphasizes that construction technology standard demands should be abode by in the process of construction and construction quality of cement stability crushed stone base also should be strictly followed.


The paper presents experimental research on the moisture of sawdust affected by the combustion of fossil fuels in the boiler with reference to studies on environmental pollution. The article has established the influence of the moisture content of sawdust on the amount of harmful substances found in the environment. The results of the undertaken analysis are provided in a graphical form.


The invention belongs to the field of the fourth-generation passenger flow statistics technology, and relates to a method and management system for knowing the passenger flow volume and behavior thereof based on a mobile device. The system comprises a radio-frequency information collector array, a signal processing demodulation module and report software, wherein the collector receives a signal of the mobile device; a mark of a public control signal of the mobile device is applied to the positioning and statistics; after data storage, a report is made by the software; and particularly, deep data analysis such as passenger flow moving path, staying time, density distribution, passenger flowing direction and the like can be performed. Through the analysis of the passenger flow data, the management layer of the shopping mall makes the best decision in terms of marketing, leasing, lessee combination, shopping mall management and the like so as to improve the customer experience and create satisfactory achievements. Moreover, the system can be used for quantizing the moving line of the passengers at the transportation junction, finding the service bottleneck and exploring the chances for business development.


An unexpected "twinkling" appearance of partially covered chemical vapor deposition-grown graphene on the Cu substrate, showing strong grain orientation-dependent contrast of graphene—brighter, darker, or even invisible against the oxidized substrate—was observed with a scanning electron microscope. The intricate interplay between the electron channeling contrast, oxidation layer, and the imaging parameters was discussed. Imaging conditions affording stronger mass-thickness contrast was proposed to lessen the twinkling effect and thus enable unambiguous discrimination of graphene from the substrate. The findings reported here will have important implications for the reliable characterization of graphene and other 2D materials as well as the growth mechanism study of graphene.An unexpected "twinkling" appearance of partially covered chemical vapor deposition-grown graphene on the Cu substrate, showing strong grain orientation-dependent contrast of graphene—brighter, darker, or even invisible against the oxidized substrate—was observed with a scanning electron microscope. The intricate interplay between the electron channeling contrast, oxidation layer, and the imaging parameters was discussed. Imaging conditions affording stronger mass-thickness contrast was proposed to lessen the twinkling effect and thus enable unambiguous discrimination of graphene from the substrate. The findings reported here will have important implications for the reliable characterization of graphene and other 2D materials as well as the growth mechanism study of graphene.


Sodium-containing zirconium oxide samples (Na ⩽ 5.6%), prepared by contacting hydrous zirconium oxide with an Na+ solution at a given pH, have been studied by various techniques (XRD, DTA, XPS, surface area determinations and chemical analysis) to elucidate the effect of sodium on surface and bulk properties of zirconium oxide. Both dried (383 K) and thermally treated (⩽ 773 K in air) samples have been investigated.The data show that sodium ions are adsorbed on the hydrous zirconium oxide in different amounts depending on the pH value. For the samples dried at 383 K the adsorbed Na+ are atomically dispersed on the hydrous zirconium oxide surface and cause a sintering of the material. For the thermally treated specimens, sodium slows down the crystallization process and affects the crystalline phases. Sodium is present in different locations: (i) atomically dispersed on the surface, (ii) as Na2O crystals and (iii) incorporated in solid solution. The relative concentration of sodium in these different locations depends on the overal alkaline-ion content. The metastable tetragonal and/or metastable cubic zirconium oxide formation is discussed in terms of different interactions between the sodium species and the oxide matrix.


Purpose – Iran is located among the top disaster‐prone countries in the world and, therefore, disaster management is considered to be one of the most important issues in this country. One of the existing and worldwide approaches for managing disasters is the so‐called community‐based disaster management (CBDM). Community participation means that people's contribution in the disaster management cycle can be started from the basic steps of a process and ends in the achievement and institutionalization in the community. The purpose of this paper is to make a comparative study on the CBDM in various selected countries in order to design a model for Iran.Design/methodology/approach – A descriptive‐comparative study was undertaken through a methodology including six steps in which a few countries have been chosen based on their contribution to issues such as policy making, planning, coordination, and control and organizing of disasters as well as their experience in disaster management and access to related inf...


This paper simulates the waves induced by the typhoon 'Muifa'.With the driven wind conditions generated by incorporating the Jelenskin typhoon model and QSCAT/NCEP bended wind,a typhoon wave model along Jiangsu coast is developed based on the MIKE21 spectral wave model,and a comparative analysis of simulation results with and without the effect of tidal water level is conducted.The results show that,the simulation model used in this paper can reasonably reproduce the features of entire process in the development of typhoon waves,and the accuracy of typhoon waves can be improved by considering the change of tidal water level.


A series of Ag-doped Ag-V/TiO2 catalysts with low vanadium loadings were prepared by the sol-gel methods for selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NOx with ammonia as reductant,using tetrabutyl titanate,ammonium metavanadate and silver nitrate as raw materials.The catalysts were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectra(XPS),temperature programmed reduction(TPR),Thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry(TG-MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR).The activity was also investigated.The results showed that the low temperature activity improved and the high temperature activity increased firstly and then decreased with the increasing of Ag amounts.The durability of the catalysts was good.Silver doping inhibited the growth of crystal size,reduced the activation energy of surface oxygen,the bond energy of VO and the reduction temperature of vanadium oxides.


In order to make better practice teaching of undergraduate thesis, randomly selected a respondent group (28 students) to make an anonymous written questionnaire, which was entitled "Feeling after thesis defense". And there was not any other restrictive requirement on them. The survey results were classified and analyzed from thesis design, research process and thesis accomplishment. It was shown that, though the survey objects encountered some difficulties and hardships in the practice activity, they had a greater degree of recognition on the importance of graduation thesis and the necesscity of engaging in thesis work. And also they not only benefited from the help of teachers and students. But also they were trained and improved greatly in the comprehensive quality and ability in the activity, and so they were pleased for this. It is believed that this investigation will help the practice teaching of undergraduate thesis go up to a new stage.


Acute traumatic injury of the thoracic aorta has a high mortality with an estimated 70–90% of patients dying at the accident scene. 1–3 Associated serious injuries are common, 4,5 and may render the patient unsuitable for immediate open surgical repair. The mortality and morbidity for open surgical repair is high, 7–30% of patients will die during or following surgery and approximately 2–24% of patients will develop paraplegia, the higher rate being associated with the 'clamp and sew' technique rather than the use of bypass or Gott Shunt. 4–6 We present a case of acute traumatic injury of the thoracic aorta in a patient with multiple injuries and a contraindication to anticoagulation, successfully treated with an endoluminal prosthesis.


Belkacem Iratni (Algeria) is currently a Professor at the Faculty of Political Science and Information at the University of Algiers, and has taught at the National School of Administration and at the Institute of Diplomatic Studies. He holds a B.A. in Politics from the University of Algiers, and an MA and a PhD in Politics and International Studies from the University of Warwick (England). He has conducted numerous research works and published several articles in Arabic, French and English on Algerian domestic and foreign policies, Maghreb politics, Mediterranean security and emerging capital markets.


Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequent of endocrine
abnormality in reproductive women with prevalence about 4-12%. In PCOS, there is
foliculogenesis disorder, which the dominant follicle is not performed. The main therapy
nowadays is ovulation induction. Rat bone marrow transplantation in PCOS can increase kit
ligand secretion as the initiation of primordial follicle and normalize the folliculogenesis. In
most of clinical trial, and most of the animal model research, stem cell was transplantated by
intravenous route administration. But in present, there are some tendency of any research use
intraperitoneal route, considering efectivity.
Objective : To prove that intraperitoneal rat bone marrow stem cell transplantation in PCOS
rat model is more effective than intravenous from folliculogenesis and TGF- β expression
Method : Performed the experimental study with post test only control group design. This
study used PCOS rat model, divided by three groups, placebo administration, intravenous
stem cell transplantation 1x106 unit, and intraperitoneal stem cell transplantation 1x106
Result : There were no significant difference of TGF- β expression between placebo
(3,08±1,32), intravenous transplantation (3,50±1,433) and intraperitoneal transplantation
(5,10±2,164) with P>0,05. There were no significant difference of primary follicle, secondary
follicle, tertiary follicle, between placebo (3,08±1,32), intravenous transplantation
(3,50±1,433) and intraperitoneal transplantation (5,10±2,164) with P>0,05


Objective To explore the risk factors for school age chidren dental fluorosis in high fluoride rural areas.Methods Based on the fluoride screening results of rural drinking water in Shandong in 2006,three villages of Jiaxiang counties were selected as the survey sites,12 drinking water samples were collected and pH value,fluoride,hardness were determined,110 school-age children were chosen among high fluoride countryside in May,2008.Dental fluorosis was examined,and a questionnaire survey was performed.Results The average levels of pH value,fluoride content and hardness were 7.01,1.24,494.00 mg/L respectively,and the of dental fluorosis was 63.6%.Simple Logistic regression analysis showed that the prevalence of dental fluorosis was associated with Lower family income,lower education level of parents,lower nutrition knowledge score and few kinds of daily food.Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that the prevalence of dental fluorosis was positively associated with family income,education level of father and consumption of meat,milk,eggs,fresh vegetables and fruit.Conclusion The rate of dental fluorosis among school-age children in the investigated area is higher.Family income,parents'education and nutritional deficiency are related to the prevalence of dental fluorosis.


This article explores the authors' experiences in creating and participating with(in) a virtual conference organized as an experimental virtual network. These experiences demonstrate how physically co-located and virtual conferencing practices acting in tandem provide a greater opportunity for the inclusion of both diverse perspectives and participants in professional communities. Using insights from postcolonial theory, the article examines how the architecture of participation found in the technologies of Web 2.0 accentuates the potential for reclaiming some diversity of perspective and participation, facilitating a form of molecular community through conferencing practices. Finally, it provides theoretical and empirical insights and reflections on the social dynamics of conferencing in both online and offline spaces to demonstrate how online conferencing can expand the directions taken in pursuit of new collective knowledge.


Colonoscopy is sensitive at detecting large polyps; however, a significant polyp miss rate is still recognized. Indicators such as the adenoma detection rate (ADR) and, more recently, the adenoma per colonoscopy rate (APC) are increasingly used to ensure quality in colonoscopy. We carried out a prospective, randomized, controlled study evaluating improvement in adenoma detection between wide‐screen, high‐definition (WSHD) monitors compared to standard monitors (SD).


Lexsearch is placed in an intermediary position between Lexedit and Lavagna. Lavagna will be the framework which, in the phase of drafting, will enable the user to choose the structure of the new text, selecting the type of document (for example, a regulation will have a different structure from a decree-law or from a law converting a decree into law, etc.). Once the user has selected the model, he can `assemble` the legislative contents choosing each kind of provisions from menus presented by Lavagna. Lexedit will supply the lexical and syntactic linguistic tools capable of producing a text that is correct on a formal level as well as one that is rationalised in structure. Lexsearch will be capable of exploiting the structural and functional organisation of the texts in order to carry out conceptual retrieval and diagnosis. The relations between the various modules are illustrated in the figure 1.1:


This paper deals with the interpretability and agreement of age readings from a suite of calcified structures(scales,lapilli,opercula and cleithra),and the consistency of age interpretations for roach Rutilus rutilus(Linnaeus,1758) from Ulungur Lake,in North Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region,China.Among these calcified structures,the largest ages observed on scales,opercula and the sectioned lapilli were 6+ years old,while 5+ years on the asteriscus,whole lapilli and cleithra.The sectioned lapillus was demonstrated as the best structure for ageing roach with the clearest annuli,the highest interpretability(94.0 %,n=306) and the highest agreement(95.1 %,n=288)between two times age readings by the same reader.The interpretability of scales and opercula reaches 92.0 %(n=287) and 90.8 %(n=87),respectively,and the agreement between two times age readings using the scales and opercula by the same reader reaches 87.5 %(n=264) and 86.1 %(n=79),respectively.There wound be achieve a better result if the scales and the opercula were used together in age determination for that the scales are fit for aging those individuals less than 4 years old and the opercula are suitable for aging those individuals 4 years old and above.The cleithrum had the lowest interpretability(78.2 %,n=87) and agreement between two times age readings(55.7 %,n=68) because in most cases,it was uninterpretable as there were no annuli or did not display a clear pattern of annuli on it.The interpretability of the whole lapilli and the ateriscus are 90.0 %(n=330) and 80.1 %(n=330),respectively.However,they are only suitable for age estimation of those individuals less than 4 years old because the annuli on those of the older individuals will become less distinct with age increase.


The invention relates to the technical field of fixing frames, in particular to a connecting rod fixing frame. The connecting rod fixing frame comprises a base and a supporting rod; the supporting rod is installed on the base; a lower plate is arranged above the supporting rod; the right side of the lower plate is provided with a connecting shaft; an upper plate is arranged above the connecting shaft; the lower plate and the upper plate are connected through a bolt; the lower plate and the upper plate are provided with limit grooves; internal sides of the limit grooves are provided with rubber layers. When the connecting rod fixing frame is used, a connecting rod is arranged inside the limit grooves, the bolt is screwed to fix the upper plate and the lower plate, the rubber layers installed inside the limit grooves avoid the upper plate and the lower plate from scratching the connecting rod, and the utilization effect is good.


Several investigations have shown the notable capability of meteorological satellites, particularly those of the NOAA series, for the large-scale monitoring of terrestrial vegetation. The relevant indices, such as AVHRR Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), were demonstrated to be highly correlated with total primary production, especially in subtropical regions, where the vegetation cover is generally not markedly variable. The present study aims at assessing the current possibilities for relating meteorological limiting factors to remotely sensed estimates of green biomass in these areas. Niger was chosen as the test site, and attention was focussed on the major limiting factor of this kind of climate, i.e. total rainfall. NDVI images of the rainy seasons of 3 years were reconstructed, and the relevant meteorological data collected in all available WMO stations were processed, together with agricultural production data derived from FAO archives. First results show that the method has good potential to allow ready and effective forecasting of drought and consequent famine conditions.


The present study attempts to know about awareness of farmers towards products and services offered by Rythu Bharosa Kendras (RBKs) in Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh state has been taken up with the objective wasto study the farmers awareness towards products and services offered by Rythu Bharosa Kendra's in Rayalaseema region, Andhra Pradesh 2020-21. The primary data on awareness towards products and services offered by Rythu Bharosa Kendras were collected from farmers randomly from four districts of in Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh state with pretested questionnaire. The study also attempted to examine farmers' perceptions of three main aspects of Rythu Bharosa Kendras: general aspects of RBKs, products sold by RBKs, and services offered by RBKs. In this connection, frequency, percentage, mean, weighted average score method and chi-square test were employed. The results of the study also indicated that the awareness of farmers towards products and services was high for statements like like staff available at RBK for guidance, availability of agri inputs (seeds, fertilizers etc.) and e-karshak services offered by Rythu Bharosa Kendras. Overall awareness of farmers towards products and services offered by Rythu Bharosa Kendras was medium level among 51 per cent of the farmers, high among 32 per cent of the farmers and 17 per cent of the farmers were having low level of awareness.


The realisation of the Timepix3 chip opened the way for new opportunities in research areas such as particle tracking with both semiconductor sensors and gas filled time projection chambers, electron microscopy and imaging mass spectrometry. To exploit the full capability of the Timepix3 chip, Nikhef developed a compact read-out system, called SPIDR that can deal with the high data output of 80 Mhits per chip per second. The main read-out board connects to both 10 Gb Ethernet and 1 Gb Ethernet devices. The latter obviously at a reduced rate. The main board connects to individual chip-carrier boards via a standard FMC connector. The system is designed such that support for other readout chips is foreseen via reprogramming of the FPGA. Besides the Timepix3 chip also the Medipix3 chip is currently supported. Both the main board and the chip carrier boards are cooled, via the housing and a fan to obtain a stable temperature of around 40 ± 0.2 °C for the Timepix3 chips. We will present the system and the results obtained with the LHCb beam telescope at CERN and proton radiography data obtained with a time projection chamber based on GEM technology.


The burning behaviour of cotton fabrics has been evaluated using the horizontal and vertical modes of burning. The performance of fabrics has been studied in terms of rate of burning and temperature of burning fabric by placing the thermocouples at a distance of 0, 0.5 and 1 .0 cm from the burning fabric. The results show that the weight of fabric affects the rate of burning and the temperature of burning fabric. The rate of burning is found to decrease, whereas flame temperature increases with the increase in mass of fabric. The rate of burning is found to be independent of spacing both in horizontal and vertical modes of burning.


This paper presents a performance comparison of two classes of synchrophasor estimators recently proposed in the literature, i.e., the frequency-domain algorithms known as interpolated discrete Fourier transform (IpDFT), and the time-domain algorithms based on the weighted least squares (WLSs) approach. The analysis is focused on fast phasor estimation only and it is performed under steady-state, dynamic, and transient conditions, when the length of the observation interval is equal to one or two nominal cycles of the acquired electric waveform. The considered testing conditions include not only the worst-case scenarios specified in the IEEE Standard C37.118.1-2011, but they also combine the effect of static and dynamic disturbances. As accuracy performance parameters, the total vector error as well as the amplitude and phase estimation errors are considered and evaluated. Estimator responsiveness is analyzed instead in terms of response times, when amplitude or phase steps occur. The preferable one- and two-cycles IpDFT and WLS algorithms are first determined by choosing the windows and the number of Taylor's series terms (in the WLS case only) assuring the best accuracy. It is shown that, when the time-domain approach is considered and one-cycle or two-cycle intervals are observed, the best accuracy is achieved by the WLS algorithm based on the rectangular window or the two-term one-cycle maximum image tone interference rejection (MIR) window, respectively. Conversely, when the frequency-domain approach is adopted, the best accuracy is achieved by the IpDFT-based on the MIR window related to the observed interval length. The estimates produced by the selected WLS and IpDFT algorithms are then compared against the boundaries specified in the Standard IEEE C37.118.1-2011 for P-and M-class compliance. During the discussion, advantages and disadvantages of both time-domain and frequency-domain approaches are highlighted.


Optically detected ESR and ENDOR experiments in p-type GaAs under photoexcitation show that an arsenic-anti-site-As-interstitial complex has energy levels Ev+0.52 eV (AsGa+2+/-AsI) and Ev+0.74 eV (AsGa0+/-AsI). From the occupied AsGa0+/-AsI level an absorption band starts peaking at 1.2 eV. From the investigation of the photoquenching behaviour and metastability of the AsGa+-AsI pair is concluded that the diamagnetic AsGa-AsI complex can be associated with EL2.


The article focuses on the selected works of art, written in the early 21st century by the Ukrainian writers and called 'notes'. These are "Zapysky Proidysvita" (2000) by Yuri Vinnychuk, which are included in his later edition of "Hrushi v Tisti", "Zapysky Ukrayins'koi Samoyidnosti" (2010) by Lina Kostenko, "Zaruch-nyk Spokusy, abo Zapysky Hlamurnoho Kokhantsia" (2010) by Alexander Horobets, "Zapysky na Zap'yastiakh" (2010) by Lesia Voronyuk, "Iz vohnevykh rubezhiv (zapysky bizhentsya)" (2016) by Mykola Tyutyunnyk. Due to the narrative taking of the notes, the authors freely realized their creative plan, masked (if necessary) their I by the person of the narrator, revealed a personal vision of events in the country and the world. It is remarkable that these works are written under the impact of experience. The small time distance between the depictions in the notes and the time of their writing led to emotionality, excitement of presentation, and autonomy of individual records made at different times. The notes of Ukrainian authors of the beginning of the new millennium are distnguished by the absence of the canonical form, the free manner of presentation, the authenticity of the depicted, as by Mykola Tyutyunnyk, or the playful character, as in "Zapysky Proidysvita" by Yuri Vinnychuk. The notes are characterized by the reproduction of personal impressions and experiences, the peculiarities of the characters' spoken language, the presence of a timeline when it comes to socially significant events, or its absence when it comes to conflicts of the private life mostly. It is established that the intertextual marker "notes" helped the Ukrainian writers emphasize the free form of presentation, fragmentation, and sometimes chaos of records, the personal view of events and the world, as well as the authenticity of the image.


Sufficient conditions are obtained for wellposedness of convex minimum problems of the calculus of variations for multiple integrals under strong or weak perturbations of the boundary data. Problems with a unique minimizer as well as problems with several solutions are treated. Wellposedness under weak convergence of the boundary data in W1 p ω is proved if p >2 and a counterexample is exhibited if p =2.


This paper presents the study and performance comparison of two traditional  ̳partial product compression methods' (PPCMs) viz. Wallace and Dadda in terms of the design metrics (DMs) such as power, delay, power-delay-product (PDP), and Area. For performance comparison an N×N-bit unsigned  ̳tree structured multipliers' (TSMs) have been considered as a case study with  ̳N' being varied from 5 to 16 bits. To design TSMs a low PDP 3:2 counter (1-bit Full adder) along with half adder (HA) cells have been considered. Further all the TSMs are designed in the Cadence's virtuoso tool environment using 90 nm based  ̳generic process design kits' (GPDK) and simulated using Spectre simulator with BSIMv3v (Level 49) based transistor models. The power, delay, and PDP DMs of TSMs under consideration are extracted at nominal room temperature with supply voltage of VDD=1.2 V and input signal frequency Fin = 200 MHz. This study and comparison of TSMs provides an insight to tradeoff among the Wallace and the Dadda PPCMs in terms of DMs. Keywords— Tree structured multipliers, 1-bit adder, Arithmetic circuits, Low power adder, 3:2 counter, 28-T hybrid adder, Partial product compression, Wallace multipliers, Dadda Multipliers.


A typhoon avoidance system based on ECDIS for vessel has been designed,in which the ECDIS platform superiority is developed and the probability density algorithm of typhoon forecast errors is introduced.In this system the basic data information of typhoon and ship navigation such as ship's positions,routes and typhoon's positions display on ECDIS directly and the probability density algorithm of typhoon forecast errors is adopted,the scheme for typhoon avoidance can be made quickly and accurately to ensure ship's safety of navigation in bad typhoon weather.


Apart from sharing the basic cellular features of other Bacteria, the cyanobacteria possess unique and diagnostic characteristics that will be briefly described here, but less extensively than in the 1989 edition of Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. The cell wall in cyanobacteria is of a Gram-negative type. Cell division in most unicellular and colonial cyanobacteria and some filamentous forms is by binary fission. Regarding cell exterior and motility, fimbriae (or pili) occur abundantly with diverse patterns in many cyanobacteria. Although not all thylakoids in cyanobacteria appear to be invaginations of the cytoplasmic membrane, there are orderly "attachment points" or "thylakoid centers" associated with the periphery of the cytoplasm or the cytoplasmic membrane. In the cytoplasm of cyanobacteria there are many other components and "inclusions", most of which can be visualized readily using various preparative techniques for transmission electron microscopy. They include glycogen granules, cyanophycin granules, carboxysomes (polyhedral bodies), polyphosphate (volutin) granules, and gas vacuoles. Heterocysts, akinetes, and hormogonia are some of the specialized cells and differentiation in Cyanobacteria. The chief physiological/biochemical characteristic of cyanobacteria, distinguishing them from all other procaryotes, is the dual photosystem that allows the use of H2O as photoreductant with the consequent liberation of O2. Two courses for the delimitation of genera have been followed by cyanobacterial specialists: (a) to retain "small" genera or (b) to gather many species into fewer genera.

Cyanobacteria / General Characteristics of the Cyanobacteria

Keywords:

Cyanobacteria;
Scytonema;
Cyanobacteria


Objective: The aim of the present study was to analyse Physico-chemical properties of honey samples collected from different regions of District Anantnag J&K by using different analyses tests, viz Moisture content, Viscosity, Refractive Index, surface tension, Ash content, Density and pH. Methods: Various Techniques were used to analyse the honey samples.Abb's Refractometer was used to determine refractive index, optical density was calculated by Calorimeter, Moisture content by Refractometery, viscosity by Ostwald's viscometer, surface tension by capillary drop weight, Density by Density bottle and pH by Hanan pH meter. Results: Physico-chemical studies revealed that moisture content, Ash content, pH and Density of Apis cerana were slightly higher than Apis mellifera, while as viscosity, surface tension, optical density and refractive index of Apis mellifera were found to be 3.017, 1.03, 1.061 and 2.235 respectively and were higher than Apis cerana. Moisture content, surface tension, Ash content and pH of these honey samples differ significantly. Conclusion: This study revealed the identification of Physico-Chemical properties of Jammu & Kashmir honey.


Attributes of an electronic cash system which is brought up in paper[1] are analyzed. The system based on limited blind signature is pointed out that it isn't satisfied with atomicity. At the same time this system also doesn't meet the fair anonymity in some degree. These defects are improved by imposing a trustable third trust part(TTP)to control the whole transaction. Then a new electronic cash protocol is brought up. And a signed user's identity information is embedded by TTP in cash, thus user's anonymity will be withdrawn by TTP when he breaks the law. So the safety of transaction is ensured.


A DICTIONARY OF NEUROLOGICAL SIGNS By A. J. Larner 2001. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers Price £19. ISBN 140200043X

In the early 1960s a live BBC television broadcast on Parkinson's disease showed the moment of cessation of tremor in a patient undergoing stereotactic surgery. The importance of the physical sign not only in diagnosis but also, together with knowledge of anatomy, in understanding pathophysiology was made clear and a future addiction to physical signs primed in at least one viewer. Subsequent medical school training saw exhaustive exposure. The professorial medical ward round would start in the post mortem room at 1:30 pm, subsequently progressing to the ward, symptoms and signs continuing to be dissected until the medical school bar opened at 6:00 pm. A missed opportunity to examine a patient led to professorial admonishment, permanently recorded in the medical school journal, that 'time tide, and signs in the chest wait for no man' but encouragement led to the rare opportunity to observe a patient in circulatory failure, alternately blue, gasping for breath yet pink and quiet 30 seconds later.

After undergraduate neurology teaching had combed out much woolly thinking it became possible to appreciate clinical neurology at its pre CT scan peak. Saturday mornings spent, at a cost of 10 shillings each, at the National Hospital, Queen Square, were rewarded not only with masterly case demonstrations but also the opportunity to observe different personalities exhibiting, for example, a gleam of Irish wonder at a case of alexia without agraphia, military planning, precision and clarity, Gielgudian ability to recount the experience of others and, from the merest hints in the history, encourage the patient to divulge diagnostic clues, and humour appreciated both by patients and audience.

Apart from any other consideration, the discomfort and risk involved in neuroradiological investigation at that time …


The performance of linear MMSE multiuser receivers in a dual-rate synchronous DS-CDMA system is investigated using the effective interference and effective bandwidth methodology first proposed by Tse and Hanly (see IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol.45, no.2, 1999). Both multi-code (MC) systems and variable spreading length (VSL) systems are studied. User capacity regions are obtained for these systems.


.................................................................................................................... xii CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND OF STUDY ................................................................ 1 The Problem................................................................................................................ 2 Theoretical Framework .............................................................................................. 5 Research Question ...................................................................................................... 6 Purpose ........................................................................................................................ 6 Significance ................................................................................................................ 7 Methodology ............................................................................................................... 7 Participants ........................................................................................................... 8 Instrumentation..................................................................................................... 9 Procedure .............................................................................................................. 9 Assumptions, Limitations, and Delimitations ........................................................ 10 Limitations .......................................................................................................... 10 Delimitations ...................................................................................................... 10 Definitions of Key Terms ....................................................................................... 11 Organization of the Dissertation .............................................................................. 11 CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ..................................................... 12 Issues and Limitations of the Literature Search ..................................................... 13 Impact of the Superintendent ................................................................................... 13 Impact of Superintendent Turnover .................................................................. 14 Historical Review of the Superintendency ............................................................. 15 Mid 1800s: Establishment of the Role of Superintendent ............................... 17 Early 1900s: Superintendents as Professionals or Business Managers .......... 18 Mid 1900s: Superintendents as Statespeople ................................................... 2


It has been recently demonstrated that structures corresponding to the cell bodies of highly transparent cells in the retinal ganglion cell layer could be visualized noninvasively both in the living human and mouse eyes by optical coherence tomography (OCT) via temporal averaging. Here, we further explored the application of volumetric temporal averaging in mice, with a focus on correlating the in vivo results with the ex vivo histology, on the same retinas, to verify the structures seen in the in vivo images, which will help to better understand the pathophysiology of these cells.


The effects of cation and anion resin on ellimination mechanism of metal ions exchange in SiO2 colloid are studied.A three-step method is used to elliminate the metal ions in the SiO2 colloid.The organic alkali is added to adjust the pH to the alkali stablevalue,in this case,the high pure and stable SiO2 colloid solution for the micro-electronic CMP is obtained.


We study electron correlation effects on quantum criticalities of Lifshitz transitions at zero temperature, using the mean-field theory based on a preexisting symmetry-broken order, in two-dimensio...


Aim and Backgrounds: Coronavirus is the causative agent of COVID-19 infectious pneumonia, which was introduced by the World Health Organization in 2020 as a global epidemic. Due to the fact that its inhibitory mechanisms have not been well understood so far, in this article we decided to investigate the inhibitory mechanisms of Spike, Main Protease and Papain-like protease proteins in the coronavirus. Materials and Methods: In the present study, all calculations were performed by AutoDock 4.2 (2013), AutoDockTools 4.2 (2013) and Cluspro2.0 (2017). Lamarck's genetic algorithm was used to search for protein levels, and 200 were performed in each of the docking models. Finally, the interaction of protein binding and inhibitor compounds and hydrogen and hydrophobic binding was calculated by Poseview and DIMPLOT software. Results: The interaction study showed that the amino acids His163, His164, Gln189, Glu166, Cys145 and Phe140 play a key role in the inhibitory interaction of GC-376 with Mpro protein due to hydrogen bonds. Also, the study of the binding energy of the inhibitor compound to the protein shows that this compound is attached to the inhibitor with a binding energy of -6.36 kcal / mol. The docking results of PLpro complex showed that the amino acids Tyr268, Gln269, and Asp164 play a key role in the interaction of GRL0617 inhibitor with PLpro protein due to hydrogen bonds and the binding energy of the inhibitor compound to PLpro protein was -9.69. Finally, the study of the interactions of Spike protein and LCB1 peptide using Cluspro and DIMPLOT software showed that there are several hydrophobic and polar interactions between different amino acids of these two compounds, the most important of which can be He noted the interaction of the amino acid Tyr489 in the Spike protein with the amino acids Leu6 and Gln7 in the inhibitory peptide. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the inhibitory compounds presented in this article can well inhibit vital proteins important in coronavirus due to polar and hydrophobic interactions.


The present disclosure discloses a photovoltaic module. A photovoltaic module includes a front transparent body, a fluid sealing material deposited on at least a portion of the front transparent body, an electrically interconnected photovoltaic cell applied to the fluid sealing material, and at least a portion of the electrically interconnected photovoltaic cell L / RTI > A method of manufacturing a photovoltaic module is also disclosed.


Good morning! My name is Kati McClurg. I am a United States Peace Corps Volunteer at the Ruacana Teachers' Resource Centre (TRC) in Ruacana, Namibia. Before coming to Namibia, I was a Head Start Teacher for six years in Portage, Wisconsin.


A service tax is a tax to generate revenue on the transfer of services. Any service provided or to be provided, to a client, by a consulting engineer in relation to advice, consultancy or technical assistance in any manner in one or more disciplines of engineering is called taxable service. This Article pertains to study service tax liability on such technical knowhow. It deals with the notion, construction, legality, underlying principles, and corresponding laws, rules for applicability, and pros and cons of the topic of the present Article. Thus, this article emphasizes and stresses on every aspect of the aforesaid concept giving the best understanding of it. It is analytical and descriptive in nature and doctrinal in approach.


English was long considered the only language to possess Verb Phrase Ellipsis (VPE), a process in which a verb phrase, identified in many standard accounts with the vP, goes missing under identity with the vP of an antecedent clause. An example of VPE in English is given in (1), where the elements struck through are not pronounced. A schematization of the relevant part of the structure is given in (2). (1) Jasper likes pecans and Mona does [like pecans] too. (2) TP


The goals of this case study were to: (1) determine the efficiency and effectiveness of three survey methods—postal mail survey, web-based survey, and random in-class administration survey—in assessing tobacco- related attitudes and behaviors among college students and (2) compare the response rate and procedures of these three methods. There was a large disparity in response rate between the three survey methods. In-class administration had the highest response rate (66%), followed by postal mail survey (23%) and web-based survey (10%). Based on the results, we recommend in-class survey administration with random class selection for conducting survey research on college campuses. This method appears to be efficient, productive and simple, and does not allow for the occurrence of many of the difficulties that commonly arise when other modes are used.


Objective:To investigate the relationship between antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp strains isolated from food and the integrons they harbored.Methods:PCR amplifying intl gene and the variable region between the conserved segments(CS-PCR) were performed for class l,class 2,and class 3 integron.And the integron content of every isolate was characterized by RELP analysis and sequencing.Results:25 of 69 isolates were identified as being positive for integrase 1 gene in the total DNA. Most of the integron-positive strains were resistant to more than 4 antibiotics.Most of the gene cassettes integrated in the integrons conferred resistant against trimethoprim and streptomycin-spectinomycin,and the integrons with the dfrl-aadA1 gene cassettes combination were predominant.Strains with different antibiotic resistance profile of plasmid profile might have the same integron.Conclusions:There was a good correlation between integron-carrying and the antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp.strains isolated from food.


Objective To evaluate colposcopy in the diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN).Methods Analysis of colposcopic finding results in 122 patients from February 2004 and October 2005 and then compared with the diagnosis of histopathological findings.Results Diagnose accordance rate of colposcopy of biopsies and clinical diagnosis was 82.9%.Conclusion Colposcopy is an important aid method to the diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.


This article discusses the basic features of information provided in terms of possibilistic uncertainty. It points out the entailment principle, a tool that allows one to infer less specific from a given piece of information. The problem of fusing multiple pieces of possibilistic information is and the basic features of probabilistic information are described. The authors detail a procedure for transforming information between possibilistic and probabilistic representations, and using this to form the basis for a technique for fusing multiple pieces of uncertain information, some of which is possibilistic and some probabilistic. A procedure is provided for addressing the problems that arise when the information to be fused has some conflicts.


The number of employees covered by certified agreements increased during 2001, but wage determination remained fragmented. The inflationary impact of higher oil prices and the depreciation of the Australian dollar in the second half of 2000, when the economy was also absorbing the impact of the GST, threatened the wage targets of the Reserve Bank. Contrary to expectations, wage growth remained modest. The Commission again adopted a compromise Safety Net Decision in May. The review concludes that, notwithstanding the improvement in the conditions of employment of some non-standard employees following successful cases brought to Federal and State Commissions, the balance of forces between employers and employees has fundamentally shifted over the last decade and this has impacted on wage outcomes. This reflects a combination of workplace reform, in particular the Workplace Relations Act, and the associated structural change in the labour market.


This study examines the impact of the supply of day-care centers on female labor force participation in the Netherlands. Data are obtained from the 1988 wave of Organization of Strategic Labor Market Research (OSA-88) panels conducted since 1985 and a 1993 survey in Utrecht province. Respondents include only 239 married and cohabiting women with preschool children in 1988 and 405 two-parent households with preschool children in Utrecht province. The Utrecht sample overrepresents higher educated and older parents. Logistic models are used to explain labor force participation by women and probit models are used to explain the number of hours worked. Two analyses pertain to the OSA data set (women with and without preschool children). Three analyses pertain to the Utrecht sample (with and without social norms and with social norms and the interaction with day care). Results are that womens potential wage rate is significantly and positively related to her labor force participation. Husbands income has no effect. Older women are less likely to have paid work. The density of day care centers in the place of residence has a positive effect on labor force participation. Among women with preschool children age is unrelated to paid work and potential wage rate is related. The positive effect of subsidized day care density is stronger in the equations for all women. In Utrecht households the effect of day care density is weaker than in the OSA-88 data. In the Utrecht sample an increase of one place per 100 children in available day care centers is associated with a 5% increase in the odds of paid work. In the OSA-88 sample the odds increase to 17%. More modern norms in the area of residence is found to be related to a greater likelihood of a paid job and the effect of day care density disappears. However more modern norms are unrelated to a stronger effect of the supply of subsidized day care on female labor force participation. Day care density is significant in explaining the number of hours the mother spends on paid labor significant in explaining whether to have a paid job or not. The authors suggestion is that greater female employment may contribute to more modern social norms and greater demand on day care provision.


A set of measurement techniques- SILC, low frequency noise, and pulse CV - combined with the physical descriptions of the processes associated with these measurements were applied to study pre-existing and stress generated traps in the SiO2/HfO2 gate stacks. By correlating the analysis results obtained by these techniques, the defects in the high-k dielectric and interfacial layer were identified. The stress-induced degradation of the high-k gate stack was found to be caused primarily by the trap generation in the SiO2 interfacial layer.


Over the last decade new systemic drugs (e.g. biologics, apremilast, alitretinoin) have diversified the options for treating palmoplantar dermatoses such as psoriasis and dermatitis. Topical psoralen-UVA (tPUVA) phototherapy nevertheless remains an important modality for hand and foot dermatoses that may be refractory to topicals, with the advantage of avoiding systemic side effects or drug interactions. Protocols for tPUVA vary greatly in regard to psoralen concentration, vehicle, time interval between application and irradiation, as well as frequency. Uncontrolled studies have reported 58-87% clearance or significant improvement of psoriasis and 50-81% clearance or considerable improvement of eczema. Controlled studies have typically been underpowered and definitive evidence in support of this treatment modality is lacking. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


15185 Background: The prognosis of patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer is poor. TMT for locally advanced esophageal cancer is being utilized with increasing frequency. In this study, w...


China is a socialist country, the establishment of a socialist democracy with Chinese characteristics consultation,and get the support and backing of the masses, take a remarkable achievement, compared with Western electoral democracy, highlights the great unique advantages. Of course, there is kind of problems and shortcomings, in the process of its historical development. Socialism with Chinese Characteristics consultation paper defines democracy on science, and to analyze the existing problems, in order to give a substantial enterprise solutions.


Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations are carried out to investigate the shock Hugoniot for single crystal Mg using a planar shock. The MD simulations were carried out using two embedded atom method (EAM) potentials for impact velocities in the range of 500 m/s – 2000 m/s. The anisotropic behavior of shock wave propagation with loading orientation of the crystal is investigated by computing the particle velocity profiles for impact along [0001], [112¯0] and [101¯0] orientations. A split two wave (elastic-plastic) structure above the Hugoniot elastic limit is observed for all the three orientations considered. The shock pressure and the shock velocity of the elastic and the plastic wave are computed as functions of impact velocity. The Hugoniot response predicted for both the potentials agrees very well with the experimental data and therefore suggests that these can be reliably used to model the shock response of single crystal Mg.


Defining a clinically relevant lower limit of "normal" blood testosterone level is challenging, in part because levels decline gradually as men age. An additional complication is that laboratories post varying reference ranges for testosterone levels, which is the issue examined in this survey of 120 hospital-associated laboratories in 47 …


The paper examines aspects of the contents of contemporary international laws that are threatening the legitimacy of public international law as well as International Commercial Law.


Embedded systems are utilized as a part of a wide range of spectrum extending from home apparatuses and cell phones to medical apparatus and transport controllers. They are commonly portrayed by their real-time behavior and must satisfy strict requirements on reliability and accuracy. The key challenge in real time system analysis is that proper scheduling strategy needs to be assured. So, the validation of requirements for these systems must be assured. Petri net is a formal and executable modeling technique, most suitably used for analysis of any concurrent system. There are a number of tools based on Petri net theory for analysis of models that help the users to graphically analyze a model, simulate them through an animated sequence and use them to validate the process. In this thesis, the proposed approach makes an attempt to model and analyze a case study on real time system i.e., Elevator Control System. First, the system is modeled using Colored Petri nets which can acquire the essential properties of the system and allow its illustration at different level of granularity. Second, after modeling the system, performance analysis is carried out using Stochastic Petri nets to analyze various aspects of the system. Third, verification and validation of the model is conducted using TAPAAL tool of Petri nets to check the correctness and to prove whether certain properties, demonstrated as computational tree logic formulas, hold concerning the system model. The use of three Petri net tools for analysis of any real time system helps to validate the work flow and subsequently, proper design of software architecture.


Abstract Archaeologists have often taken it for granted that death is a taboo topic in modern society. However, the fear of death hypothesis is contested within the social sciences, so does it still follow that the display of the ancient dead is in some way shameful or unacceptable? In this paper it is argued that death is not taboo and that modern death scholars use archaeological source material as a way to understand the subtlety of the human experience. Funerary archaeology is not a dangerous topic; rather it makes a very real and valuable contribution to modern society, providing one of the few ways that people can experience a corpse and so explore their own mortality and with it their place within the larger human story.


The research aims at the development of functional foods developed based on four commodities; Aloe (Aloe vera), Nopal (Opuntiastreptacantha Lem), guava (Psidium guajava) and Strawberry (Fragariavesca) and a plant that carries a production line for each of the products are designed: Yogurt with jelly, custard, Gomitas fillings and chocolates. Market research is aimed at the population of the province of Pichincha, from 15 to 60 years, with a number of 714.164 inhabitants, representing an annual production of 755.889 jelly Yogurt containers, packaging fillers 508.576 Chocolates, 149.292 and 498.182 Flan packaging packaging gummies. All tests and formulations of this project, developed in the laboratories of the University of the Americas; when developing experimental tests of each product, increased demand processes through assessments of factors and variables, sensory analysis, microbiological tests and Predetermination Useful Life (PAVU) were determined to reach their final formulation. After obtaining the four products, we proceeded to design a plant with four production lines, depending on consumer demand of each and regulations established for construction and design of a production plant. Finally, a financial Study in which it was determined whether the project is viable or not performed. Once they were developed all calculations, a net present value (NPV) of $ 1,922,645 and an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 33% was obtained; therefore, profitability could claim having the project.


We present a nonlinear analytical model of the Alfven current tubes continuing the currents through Io (or rather its ionosphere) generated by the unipolar inductor effect due to Io's motion relative to the magnetospheric plasma. We thereby extend the linear work by Drell et al. (1965) to the fully nonlinear, sub-Alfvenic situation also including flow which is not perpendicular to the background magnetic field. The following principal results have been obtained: (1) The portion of the currents feeding Io is aligned with the Alfven characteristics at an angle θA = tan−1 MA to the magnetic field for the special case of perpendicular flow where MA is the Alfven Mach number. (2) The Alfven tubes act like an external conductance ΣA = 1/(µ0VA(1 + MA² + 2MA sin θ)1/2) where VA is the Alfven speed and θ the angular deviation from perpendicular flow towards the direction of Alfven wave propagation. Hence the Jovian ionospheric conductivity is not necessary for current closure. (3) In addition, the Alfven tubes may be reflected from either the torus boundary or the Jovian ionosphere. The efficiency of the resulting interaction with these boundaries varies with Io position. The interaction is particularly strong at extreme magnetic latitudes, thereby suggesting a mechanism for the Io control of decametric emissions. (4) The reflected Alfven waves may heat both the torus plasma and the Jovian ionosphere as well as produce increased diffusion of high-energy particles in the torus. (5) From the point of view of the electrodynamic interaction, Io is unique among the Jovian satellites for several reasons: these include its ionosphere arising from ionized volcanic gases, a high external Alfvenic conductance ΣA, and a high corotational voltage in addition to the interaction phenomenon with a boundary. (6) We find that Amalthea is probably strongly coupled to Jupiter's ionosphere while the outer Galilean satellites may occasionally experience super-Alfvenic conditions.


By ANDERS SJOBOHM On the west coast of Sri Lanka, just north of the capital Colombo, there is a small village where the majority of the inhabitants are poor people belonging to the fisher and the washer castes. The name of the village, Palliyawatte, indicates that it is Christian, for in Sinhala palliya means "church" and watta means "property." It became Christian Catholic after the Portuguese conquest of the coastal provinces of Sri Lanka in the early sixteenth century. Even today the west coast as a whole makes up a Catholic core area in otherwise Buddhist Sri Lanka, Catholicism having struck deeper roots than might be explained by the violence of the conquerors. It even stood the test when Catholics themselves were


The process of communication implies information exchange, mutual influence, and evaluation of speakers. An addressee is an important participant of this process, yet little is known about him as a person who receives and evaluates an addresser's utterance. This is particularly significant because the addressee influences the further course of communication by his/her own responses due to the rules of turn taking. An evaluative response is thus an evaluative speech act that serves as the perlocutionary effect of an addresser's utterance and simultaneously expresses some intention concerning an interlocutor. The present paper aims to identify, classify and analyse the types of evaluative responses from a pragmatic perspective. The empirical material consists of 30 modern American and British novels, or 3400 dialogues containing evaluative responses. The theoretical basis of the investigation integrates the main principles of pragmalinguistics and speech act theory. In view of this, we suggested a pragmatic typology of evaluative responses based on an addressee's speech reaction to the received stimulus. The study claims the universality of an evaluative response as a speech act. It may provide not only emotional perception of reality but also contribute to its adequate comprehension and even exert direct or hidden influence on verbal and nonverbal actions of an interlocutor.


: The coordinated development of energy, economic society, and ecological environment has always been one of the major issues facing China. Although achievements have been made in some regions in China regarding the coordinated development, varied contradictions and problems still exist. Therefore, China should consider these significant differences in regional development while promoting energy revolution. This study elaborates the significance of regional energy revolution and analyzes the current status of economic society, energy, and ecological environment in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, old industrial bases, the central region, energy-rich areas, and the Southwest in China. To promote the regional energy revolution, China should strengthen the top-level design for energy revolution and clarify the strategic objectives and key tasks for medium- and long-term development. A mode of well-planned and coordinated development should be established by clarifying the functions of expected effects.


X ray digital rock physics is a nondestructive technique, that enable the rock physic properties quantification and characterization. The method is based on the x ray absorption from each material, depending on the material density and the chemical components. Tomography methods are commonly used by medicine, but their application is coming together with geosciences since their discovery. The cross sections coming from the gray scale can be edited by many ways, depending on the study object. The sections integrations obtained by this method, allows a 3D projection by the material used. The image processing is made by computer systems to obtain qualitative and quantitative results quickly and efficiently.Through this stage develops a job that was applied to computed microtomography technique of X-ray mainly focused on the pores tortuosity study in carbonate rocks from Santana Formation, Araripe Basin. In this way, assist in the investigation of potential reservoirs. The data obtained by this technique is integrated and compared with petrophysical analyzes in a laboratory.


Figure S1 shows calcined MCM-41 sample exhibits well defined peaks at 2.1, 3.8 and 4.4° that are typically ascribed to the (100), (110) and (200) planes for the hexagonal arrangement of mesoporous channels of MCM-41 materials. The N2 isotherms, where the parallel adsorption/desorption branches can be distinguished, are of type IV which is typical for a MCM41 structure. The ordered material is characterised by a narrow pore size distribution (2.5 nm pore size diameter) combined with a high specific surface area (1044 m2.g).


Following a reference map and a physiographic diagram of the state of Montana, maps and pertinent data are presented on: geology, climate, soils, vegetation, water resources, population, employment, agriculture, lumber production, mineral resources, transportation, and land administration. Data on mineral resources are given for metallic minerals, nonmetals, coal resources, oil and natural gas production, pipelines and refineries, and mineral production. (MCW)


Optical MINs hold great promise and have advantages over their electronic networks.they also hold their own challenges. More research has been done on Electronic Multistage Interconnection Networks, (EMINs) but these days optical communication is a good networking choice to meet the increasing demands of high-performance computing communication applications for high bandwidth applications. The electronic Multistage Interconnection Networks (EMINs) and the Optical Multistage Interconnection Networks (OMINs) have many similarities, but there are some fundamental differences between them such as the optical-loss during switching and the crosstalk problem in the optical switches. To reduce the negative effect of crosstalk, various approaches which apply the concept of dilation in either the space or time domain have been proposed. With the space domain approach, extra SEs are used to ensure that at most one input and one output of every SE will be used at any given time. For an Optical network without crosstalk, it is needed to divide the messages into several groups, and then deliver the messages using one time slot (pass) for each group, which is called the time division multiplexing. This Paper discusses the permutation passability behavior of optical MINs. The bandwidth of optical MINs with or without crosstalk has also been explained. The results thus obtained shows that the performance of the networks improves by allowing crosstalk to some extent.


Editor—Abbasi's editorial on the Mexico Summit on Health Research 2004 aptly emphasises the significance of formulating and implementing national health research agendas.1 Although this is essential for rich and poor governments alike, it is even more imperative for developing countries to devise appropriate research strategies to reduce child mortality, prevent infectious diseases, and combat AIDS. The medical communities in these countries should take an active part and adopt reforms within the medical system to face the above challenges.

Unlike in developed countries, research is neither integrated into the medical curriculum nor considered to be part of routine medical practice. Medical students seldom have the opportunity to undertake research; the training solely emphasises providing health care to individual patients but fails to appreciate the significance of research in enhancing the wellbeing of society. There is no structured career path to encourage clinicians to undertake medical research, clinician-scientists being crucial for translating basic science research into clinical practice—"from bench to bedside."2

Medical research is rarely given a high priority in the government's healthcare planning. Because of governments' reluctance to support research, it is mainly undertaken by pharmaceutical companies and selected private institutions; in such instances, financial gains may take precedence to the health of the nation. The research undertaken in a few government institutions may be hampered by political interference and stifling bureaucracy. Capital investment in new facilities and high technology equipment appeals to politicians, even when they are the least cost effective and seldom benefit public health.

Governments should strive to apportion a substantial amount of their national budget towards medical research, mainly public health; this is crucial for the health and wellbeing of present and future citizens. The medical community, through its representative organisations, in conjunction with the government, should create appropriate regulatory bodies and develop national guidelines to encourage medical research in an ethical and transparent manner. The medical community has a duty to guide the government to develop and implement meaningful research strategies and national health policies.


The thermal conductivity of gaseous dimethyl ether (DME) was measured over temperatures range from (263 to 383) K along 13 quasi-isotherms and at pressures up to saturation by the transient two hot-wire method. The standard uncertainty of the thermal conductivity of gaseous dimethyl ether is ± 1.0 %. The gaseous thermal conductivity was correlated as a function of pressure and temperature. The maximum deviation and the absolute mean deviation of measured data from the equations was −0.95 % and 0.36 %, respectively. The values for the thermal conductivity of the dilute gas and the saturated vapor were obtained by extrapolation.


a listing on pp. 102-4 of the manuscripts identified as representing the ' early ' Sursagar (up to v.s. 1764) ; but these hopes are not to be fulfilled, and the reader who craves such factual information has to be content with the occasional crumb—for which he has often to grovel in the footnotes. Hawley is certainly not unaware of the importance of his data : rather, he confuses the preoccupations of the traditional consumer of bhakti verse (' the listener's delight is not so much in ferreting out the truth but in the rhetoric itself', p. 132) with the interests of his own readers. Thus when one sees that pp. 311-75 are dedicated to excellent appendices giving full information about the appearance of Krsnaite sculptures up to A.D. 1500, it is maddening that in the literary field one is fobbed off with vague statements such as that which appears on p. 165 : ' The Nagari-pracarini Sabha edition lists some three hundred poems under that heading [ddnalild], whereas the old manuscripts never include more than twenty or so.' Despite this rather serious qualification about the overall balance of the discussion, there is a great deal in Hawley's critique of the malchancor poems which helps towards an appreciation both of their own conceits and of their place in the literature as a whole ; for the reader armed with a copy of the Nagari Pracarini Sabha edition (which remains the ' standard', if not critical, text), Hawley makes a stimulating travelling companion. Like commentators elsewhere, he may tend to sacrifice attention to themes which do not serve his present purpose (such as the muchrelished paradox underlying the predication about Visnu/Krsna's simultaneously universal and earthbound nature, cleverly expressed in Sursagar 894 (translated p. 113), when the child Krsna's darting butter-thief arms suggest a caturbhuja form), and occasionally he may tend to attribute to his poet a greater degree of originality than he perhaps deserves ; but he has invaluable observations to make on the rhetoric of the text. He lays particular emphasis on the sentiments of vdtsalya and madhurya which, pace Rflpa Gosvami (and the later Sursagar tradition), most definitely overlap in the various narrative contexts based on Krsna's equivocal role as thief both of butter and of young women's hearts. The third part of the book is concerned with the rasa Ula tradition. As in Hawley's translations of the Was published in his At play with Krishna (in association with Shrivatsa Goswami, Princeton, 1981), so here also the main interest in his rendering of Svami Ramsvarflp's enactment of the Mdkhan corilild lies in the way in which it weaves into the prose dialogue stanzas of early verse, largely attributed to Surdas. Here one sees at first hand not only the propagation of devotional sentiment through the dynamic of popular tradition, but also the operation of one of the vehicles by which bhakti texts themselves have been transmitted over the centuries. The photographs of the Hid performances themselves are mostly disappointingly uninformative ; but the juxtapositioning (pp. 198-9) of a resonant Sanskrit dialogue with the awful dohd jingle ' When the milkmaids meet to chat they talk of Nandakumar : how to catch him, make him dance—their constant seminar' catches the curiously ambiguous mood of rasa Ula—half mystery-play, half vaudeville. The final section of the book again takes a commentatorial role, and investigates the status* and significance of the butter-thief motif within Braj Vaisnavism. This discussion is based initially on the observations of a number of devotees directly involved in the Was themselves : we find here a further step away from consideration of the mula text. Although there is certainly purpose and interest in the renewed consideration as to which bhdva is predominant in the butter-thief Wd (a question to which Hawley's respondents had, yes, ' no pat answer' !), the incisive power of the commentary is here limited by its increasingly speculative approach. When the author has in his hand such interesting data as have been thrown up by his study of the manuscripts, it is disappointing to find his main focus being transferred to a hazardous foray into the structural study of myth : a book which seemed earlier to have been about textual history has proved unfaithful to that original subject. The arguments in the closing pages are barely germane to any textual analysis of the Sursagar, and there is an element of self-indulgence in the arguments which seek to identify a parallel between Krsnaite and Saivite mythologies, equating spilt milk/ butter with spilt semen in the contexts of those respective personalities. The book includes, as already noted, substantial appendices indexing Krsnaite sculpture. This is in itself a most useful resource, including as it does a compilation of comments from a variety of art historians, and a bibliographical guide to illustrated sources ; its scope is not restricted to the book's subject matter of the navanitapriya motif. There is also a glossary (which, surprisingly, misdefines the dohd and omits such important items as rasa and maryddd—though these can be traced to the text through the full and cross-referenced index). This is a book which substantially advances the study of Krsna literature, even if the direction of that advance is at times rather surprising.


Editor's note: During the early weeks of the H1N1 (swine) influenza outbreak, Richard E. Besser, M.D., FAAP, became a familiar presence on the news as acting director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from Jan. 22-June 8. In early June, he was awarded the Surgeon General's


Several catastrophic tsunamis that have occurred during the last decade have pointed out the existing gaps in our scientific knowledge about tsunamis. One gap regards tsunami run-up and its impact on the coast. It has been realized that in many cases tsunami run-up cannot be predicted by existing formulae for wave run-up on a plane beach and hence other parameters, such as realistic topography and bed roughness should be taken into account (Fritz et al., 2007; Okal et al., 2009; Mori et al., 2011). Studies of the influence of coast roughness on run-up height have numerous applications to tsunami problem. It happens when tsunami propagates over the urban area and houses and coastal structures represent roughness elements (Gayer et al., 2010; Kaiser et al., 2011; Muhari et al., 2011), which help to dissipate wave energy and reduce maximum tsunami inundation and at the same time can break due to tsunami loading (Jianhong et al., 2013; Yeh et al., 2013). In this paper we focus on this topic from both points of view and study experimentally reduction of wave run-up height due to the bed roughness and corresponding wave loading on roughness elements.


Since the early 1990s canola (oilseed rape, Brassica napus L.) has become a major crop species grown on the predominantly sandy soils of southwestern Australia. Numerous studies have been undertaken to determine the fertilizer requirements of the crop in the region. This paper reports results of a field experiment conducted at three sites on typical acidified (pH [Ca] ∼4.6) sandy gravel soils to identify if molybdenum (Mo), manganese (Mn) or boron (B) were deficient for canola grain production. Different levels of each element, separately or as mixtures, were applied as foliar sprays at mid-flowering. Maximum grain yield responses of ∼11–20% to applied Mo, as sodium molybdate (39% Mo), were obtained when 40 g Mo/ha was applied. Maximum grain yield responses of ∼13–28% to applied Mn were achieved by applying 1000 g ha−1 Mn, as manganese sulfate (24% Mn). A mixture of 40 g Mo ha−1 and 1000 g Mn ha−1 increased grain yields by ∼15–38%. Boron, applied as borax (11% B), sprayed individually or in combination with Mo or/and Mn, had no effect on grain yields. None of the foliar spray treatments had any effect on oil concentration in canola grain. The sprays did not cause any visible damage to foliage. Soil acidification has been shown to induce Mo deficiency for cereal crops in the region and both soil acidification and induced Mo deficiency are alleviated by applying sufficient lime to raise pH of top 10 cm soil to 5.5 or greater, and this strategy should also apply to canola. Further research is required to determine the fertilizer Mn requirements for canola grain production in the region.


The enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) method has been investigated to improve the hydro-mechanical properties of natural soil deposits. This study was conducted to explore the stiffness evolution during various stress scenarios. First, the optimal concentration of urea, CaCl2, and urease for the maximum efficiency of calcite precipitation was identified. The results show that the optimal recipe is 0.5 g/L and 0.9 g/L of urease for 0.5 M CaCl2 and 1 M CaCl2 solutions with a urea-CaCl2 molar ratio of 1.5. The shear stiffness of EICP-treated sands remains constant up to debonding stresses, and further loading induces the reduction of S-wave velocity. It was also found that the debonding stress at which stiffness loss occurs depends on the void ratio, not on cementation solution. Repeated loading-unloading deteriorates the bonding quality, thereby reducing the debonding stress. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray images reveal that higher concentrations of CaCl2 solution facilitate heterogeneous nucleation to form larger CaCO3 nodules and 11-12 % of CaCO3 forms at the inter-particle contact as the main contributor to the evolution of shear stiffness.


In this paper we focus on analyzing the performance of spatial channel separation method to mitigate the interference experienced by the macro user equipment (MUE) trapped inside a closed access femtocell for a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system. This is implemented by un-correlating the MIMO (Multi Input Multi Output) channels between each transmitter-receiver pair so that the transmissions of eNB (evolved Node B) - MUE and HeNB (Home evolved node B) - HUE (Home User Equipment) can happen in different spatial channels. This approach works without the macro-femto coordination and further, no feedback information is required. Our simulation study shows that there is a considerable improvement in signal to interference noise ratio (SINR) at the MUE can be achieved.


mannian manifolds, G a compact Lie grouip, and F = G/K, K a closed subgroup of G. B (X), B (F), B (l) will denote the bundle spaces of the frame bundles of X, F, M1 (with respect to Riemannian metrics which will be defined in the next paragraphs); and 0(X), 0(F), 0(M) will denote the orthogonal groups which are the fibres of these bundles. N and n will denote, respectively, the dimensions of X and F. The definitions of connections and curvature forms can be found in [1].


The oxidizing activity of Mo6+ ions in 12-heteropolymolybdates was found to correlate with the electronegativity of counter ion (H+, alkali, and alkali-earth metal ions) as well as of hetero atom (P5+, As5+, and Si4+).


Reliability becomes more important due to warranty costs issue, more customer satisfaction, high reputation, repeat business, customer requirements and competitive advantage. Many advanced communication and digital signal processing circuits need filters to be operated in parallel. In this work, we demonstrate the fault-tolerance using dual modular redundancy (DMR) and triple modular redundancy (TMR) on parallel finite impulse response (FIR) filters with conventional filters and sub-filters approaches. The 64-, 128-, 256-, 512and 1024-tap band-pass FIR filters are used as test modules for the performance comparison of fault-tolerant parallel filters through execution time. Matlab simulation results show that the sub-filters approaches require less execution time than conventional filters approach. For example, the 1024-tap band-pass parallel filters using sub-filters approach require less execution time (114 μsnormal, 106 μs-DMR with detection only, 169 μs-TMR) than conventional filters (328 μsnormal, 362 μs-DMR with detection only, 500 μs-TMR). Due to parallel processing, the faulttolerant parallel filters using sub-filters approach obtain better results than the conventional approach.


: The sebaceous gland carcinoma is a very rare, highly malignant tumor of the eyelid arising from sebaceous glands of the eyelid such as meibomian glands, glands of Zeis, and sebaceous glands of the caruncle. We present here a case of 60 year old male with a history of painless swelling in the left lower eyelid of 6 months duration that was gradually progressive in nature. Examination showed a left lower eyelid mass measuring 2cm x 1.5cm extending from the mid point of the lower eyelid to the lateral canthus. The mass was yellowish in color, firm in consistency, non-mobile, non-tender and lobulated. The mass involved palpebral conjunctiva with irregular fungating surface. The skin overlying the mass was adherent. Vision was 6/18(Rt.Eye) and 6/12(Lt.Eye) without glasses. Anterior and Posterior segment of left eye was normal. Orbital margins were palpable normally. No proptosis and EOM were normal. CT scan revealed no intraocular extension. No evidence of regional and systemic lymphadenopathy. FNAC of the mass gave the picture suggestive of sebaceous carcinoma. Wide excision of the growth was done and the excised tissue sent for histopathological examination which confirmed poorly differentiated sebaceous cell carcinoma.


Once‐daily (qd) darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) 800/100mg was evaluated in two randomised and controlled Phase III trials, showing high response rates in treatment‐naïve (ARTEMIS; TMC114‐C211) and treatment‐experienced patients with no DRV resistance‐associated mutations (ODIN; TMC114‐C229). Treatment interruptions, medical co‐morbidities, drug‐drug interactions, and challenges to adherence can decrease exposures and result in suboptimal DRV coverage. Consequences of suboptimal dosing could be detrimental to patients, namely the selection of drug‐resistant HIV strains. No relevant relationship between DRV area under the plasma concentration‐time curve over 24 hours (AUC24h) or plasma trough concentrations (C0h) and efficacy or safety were observed in ARTEMIS or ODIN [ 1 , 2 ]. The PK/PD analysis for efficacy has been extended using a generalized additive model (GAM).


This qualitative study aims to investigate the dynamics behind management trends, by attempting to develop an understanding of the inception and implementation of the omnichannel phenomenon. The study is based on defining writings from the fields in which omnichannel appears. In addition, interviews with both management and store level personnel are made at the clothes retailer MQ, who recently implemented omnichannel. The empirical evidence is put in a neoinstitutional context and is studied with the aid of theories on discourse and management fashions. The study shows that the inception and implementation of omnichannel are happening in close relation to each other, and it becomes important to make a distinction between the word omnichannel and the concept behind it. It is also stated that omnichannel may have appeared due to a technological, and thus economical, need within MQ. A set of influential powers is identified, defined as the power dynamics behind the inception and implementation of omnichannel.


Synchronization is pervasive in most industry sectors, including finance, telecom, industrial, consumer, and aerospace and defense. All of these markets have several applications that rely on synchronization. The first part of this white paper describes a few typical examples where synchronization enables applications that would not be possible otherwise. Synchronization can be achieved with very different technologies, each one with its own advantages and disadvantages. The second part of this white paper briefly reviews commonly used synchronization technologies. The third part of this white paper focuses on the quality of synchronization and how Xilinx enables designers and system architects to succeed in achieving design/system-level requirement targets in their specific applications. The hardware blocks offered natively in Xilinx FPGAs support high Precision Time Protocol (PTP) accuracy— well below 1ns—essential to implementing a solid synchronization strategy.


This is a study of textual relations in the Qur'an which explores the possibility of looking differently at the relations holding between the variety of topics that are usually encountered in the long Qur'anic suras. It adopts principles from linguistic and pragmatic theory, and attempts to explain textual relations in accordance with those principles. The main argument of the thesis is that the study of textual relations may be based on a search not necessarily for unity of theme, but rather for whatever types of relations do exist, how they work, and what linguistic tools can be used in directing the reader towards understanding them. The study is divided into an introduction and five chapters. In the first chapter I discuss the development of the view of textual relations in the field of Qur'anic studies and suggest the need for a new methodology that is more systematic and more theoretically guided. In the second chapter I explain the theoretical framework adopted and its implications for the study of the Qur'an, with particular focus on the role of context in understanding text and textual relations. The third and fourth chapters are devoted to analyzing two sample suras from the Qur'an and discussion of their problematic textual relations in the light of the linguistics and pragmatics of their texts. The discussion of the two sample suras covers many aspects of textual relations that are encountered elsewhere in the Qur'an, and the findings of the analysis are used to propose a generalized solution of the problem and a methodology and guiding mechanisms for further applications. The fifth and final chapter draws conclusions from the study and considers the implications of this research for tafsir in general and in understanding the structure of information and textual relations in the Qur'an in particular.


Summary It was the objective of this study to confirm the hypothesis that women experience an increased risk of pulmonary embolism (PE) and/or thromboembolic events after long-distance air travel. We systematically reviewed the records of all patients with confirmed pulmonary embolism after arrival at Roissy-Charles-de-Gaulle (CDG) Airport (Paris, France) during a 13-year period.The incidence of PE was calculated as a function of distance travelled and gender using Bayesian conditional probabilities obtained in part from a control population of long-distance travellers arriving in French Polynesia (Tahiti). A total of 287.6 million passengers landed at CDG airport during the study period. The proportion of male to female long-distance travellers was estimated to be 50.5% to 49.5%. Overall, 116 patients experienced PE after landing [90 females (78%), 26 males (22%)]. The estimated incidence of PE was 0.61 (0.61–0.61) cases per million passengers in females and 0.2 (0.20–0.20) in males, and reached 7.24 (7.17–7.31) and 2.35 (2.33–2.38) cases, respectively, in passengers travelling over 10,000 km. Our study strongly suggests that there is a relationship between risk of PE after air travel and gender.This relationship needs to be confirmed in order to develop the best strategy for prophylaxis.


The identification of two new Sahidic fragments of the Bibliotheque nationale de France (1315, ff. 5-6) as part of the Panegyricon of Gregory of Neocaesarea by Gregory of Nyssa to a considerable extent modifies the previous ideas about the volume of hagiographica of which these fragments form part.


ACNE NECROTICA miliaris was first described in the American literature by Lane in 1933.1He quoted Sabouraud, who first described the disease in 19282as an abortive form of acne necrotica (acne-varioliformis) and the pathological picture as that of acne necrotica. Lane stated that, in his experience, 15 or 20 lesions on the scalp are a large number to find and did not mention finding lesions on the face and back. In 1937 Montgomery3reported the clinical and pathological picture of 25 cases and stressed the small size of the primary lesions and their number (12 to 100) and noted the histological resemblance to the early stages of acne necrotica described by Gans.4In 24 of the 25 cases, the lesions were confined to the scalp, the single exception being a few scattered vesicopustules in the bearded region. Ormsby5described a similar picture under the


The latest version of the Surface Deformation Prediction Software (SDPS) package is presented through its application to a number of case studies. The package now exploits all the benefits of the Microsoft Windows platform and has a direct interface to CAD software, thus facilitating input and output. Also, the package features advanced calibration routines to handle predictions over specific regions. The case studies presented highlight the features and capabilities of the new package.


Through examination of the Zapotec movement in Juchitán, Mexico, the Zapatistas in Chiapas, Pan-Mayan movements in Guatemala, and the Afro-Reggae Cultural Group in Rio de Janeiro, this article will show that social movements are best analyzed through a combined focus on the circuitous historical pathways of their origins and emergence and on the diverse pieces of representation and meaning out of which they are made. This dual focus, in turn, enables us to understand how political actors form, the places where politics occurs, and the resignifications that lie at the heart of political conflict.