We present temperature maps of some local-scale, bright features of Ceres that were observed by Dawn under different illumination conditions and different local solar times.


There are some problems in the labor cost analysis and control of science technology-oriented state-owned enterprises such as inappropriate labor cost control, lack of labor cost budgeting, difficulty in control of total labor cost amount, urgent need to strengthen statistical analysis of labor cost, etc. This paper discusses the building of the labor cost analysis and control system for science technology-oriented state-owned enterprises from the following aspects: process of the labor cost analysis and control system, budgeting and accounting of labor cost, labor cost analysis and control, and waning and supervising mechanism for labor cost.


Research into transmission pricing and congestion management in interconnected power systems, such as those found in USA and Europe, requires an appropriate benchmark system to test different methodologies. Creation of a realistic benchmark system is difficult as utilities are often unwilling to disclose details of their own systems because of commercial sensitivity and security reasons. This paper presents development of an approximate model of a European interconnected system which could be used to study the effects of cross-border trades. In creating the load-flow model, only publicly available information was used. Comparison of simulation results conducted on the test system with the published cross-border flows and power transfer distribution factors showed a very good correlation, exceeding 90%.


At approximately 7 months gestation, a 29-year-old Illinois woman complained to the physician that she was experiencing burning pain in her right breast and clear discharge from the nipple.


The particle size distribution characteristics of runoff sediments are vital for understanding the effect of the mechanism of soil erosion on slopes. The objective of this study was to investigate the particle-size distribution of sediments eroded from slopes covered by different litter coverage masses under artificial rainfall simulation. Litter was spread on the surface of a soil tank according to different biomasses (0 g·m−2, 100 g·m−2, 200 g·m−2 and 400 g·m−2). The mean weight diameter (MWD), fractal dimension (D) and enrichment ratio (ER) are characteristic parameters of sediment particle size. The MWD and D were more sensitive to soil erosion and had a significant negative correlation with the slope angle and rainfall intensity. The performance of the MWD on the slope (5°) was less than the MWD on the slope (10°). The relationship between eroded sediment distribution characteristic parameters and the litter coverage mass had a significant influence on the content of coarse particles. The content of fine particles accelerated, decreased and then stabilized, whereas coarse particles increased first and then stabilized. The litter diameter and surface area were the main parameters that affected the MWD and D. Under different rain intensities and slopes, the ER varied inconsistently with litter coverage mass. Coarse particles were eroded easily and selectively, and soil erosion had no sorting effect on fine particles. These findings support the quantitative study of the relationship between the amount of litter coverage mass and the particle size of soil sediments.


Addition of hydrocortisone to medium with a well-balanced amino acid composition, such as Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium, inhibited the growth of HeLa cells. However, hydrocortisone had various effects when added to cells cultured in media in which only one amino acid was reduced. Its effect depended on the deficient amino acid: in media of low isoleucine, methionine or phenylalanine content it pro-moted cell growth, while in media of low lysine or histidine content it had no effect. In medium containing a low level of methionine (Low Met Med), the free methionine content in the cells increased on addition of hydrocortisone. The incorporation of 35S-methionine into the acid-soluble fraction of these cells also increased on addition of hydrocortisone. Thus the growth promoting effect of hydrocortisone on cells cultured in Low Met Med may be dependent on increased absorption of limiting amino acid into cells.


The threat to lives and property by flood is now becoming very frequent and almost an annual event in many Nigerian urban centres, claiming many lives and property worth several billions of Naira in each occurrence. Although, several studies have traced the causes of the menace to human factors and topography, it has been predicted that the crisis is likely to be exacerbated by climate change with many of the sub-Sahara African countries most vulnerable. This has generated research interest among the scholars. The focus of most of these studies, however, seems to have skewed towards the urban paradigm, typologies, governance and behavioural control only, leaving the input of building professionals virtually untouched. As a prelude to amplifying the role of architects in the fight against the menace, this paper presents the science of climate change and its consequences with emphasis on flood disaster. It holds that integration of control and mitigation of flood risk into an overall design of buildings and other man-made enclosures is essential for the nation to cope with the challenge. It then discusses some of the ways these design goals can be accomplished. It closes by recommending the means by which the strategies can be propagated to the stakeholders.


© The Continuum Publishing Group Ltd 2004. point less as a criticism than as an invitation to expand her thinking into the realm of normative and constructive theology. My second quarrel lies at the level of project conception. Let me be clear: every theology student should read this book, as it will orient them immediately to the history and problems attached to homosexuality and theology. It is an excellent road map of where we have been, and points in the direction of where we might be going. But therein lies the conflict: where we (queers and Stuart) want to be going is in the direction of post-identity politics and theology. We want a world where gays are not only tolerated, but where the practices and sensibilities of gay and lesbian communities can be associated with long-standing goods of the Christian tradition. We want a world where gay and straight are not significant terms, especially in relation to theology. Why then, I ask, write a book about gay and lesbian identity projects? And why name it Gay and Lesbian Theologies when what is really desired is something like post-gay and lesbian theologies, or post-identity Christian politics? My final criticism is vague, but it leans back to my opening comments in this review. I continue to believe that it is a serious mistake to talk about sexuality without sustained and serious attention to gender (what would it even mean to be 'gay' or 'straight' if there were no subjects called 'men' or 'women'?). Stuart does not take on feminism as a central concern in this book, and so in a way I am faulting her for something she does not set out to do. Perhaps it is the way that she sees the AIDS crisis as the central event for all gay and lesbian reality (thereby rendering males the center of attention, once again), perhaps it is the ease with which she breezes over church teachings on procreation and reproduction. But, for me, the book lacks a certain sensitivity around feminist issues. Perhaps it is just that I want to live in a world where I can be both gay and feminist, and want my reading material—especially theology—to reflect the hope of such a reality. It is not without a sense of irony that I realize I have criticized Stuart for two mutually competing strategies (i.e., she's too attached to the label 'gay/lesbian' and not attached enough to the label 'woman'). That is the state of affairs that poststructuralism has left us in. We know we need to move beyond identity politics, but we also have to make sure that we generate the right amount of homage to our misguided forbearers, that we carry forward the correct formula of political convictions produced by those misguided stable labels. As we live through this shift into a world with different markers, we don't want to forget who we are or where we came from. Elizabeth Stuart's book will, without a doubt, help us to remember. Kathy Rudy


Abdominal stabs and gunshot wounds These take the pride of place not only because of their frequency in this riot but also because they need the greatest attention and have the highest mortality. Every case of abdominal stab or gunshot wound requires exploration however trivial the superficial wound may appear to be. This fact js well recognized and requires no emphasis, were 11 not for the fact that the extremely minor nature of the parietal wound often deludes the SUrgeon.


ABSTRACT.Surgical repair of acetabular fractures puts the sciatic nerve at risk for iatrogenic injury. The status of the sciatic nerve can be effectively monitored with somatosensory evoked responses to peroneal and posterior tibial stimulation. The most stable response for monitoring is measured at T12. The unaffected leg can serve as the control with the interlimb amplitude ratio providing a sensitive measure of nerve function. In 88 consecutive cases we monitored, 55 had one or more interventions based on evoked potential findings. Of these 55 patients, 14 had electrophysiologic changes that did not recover to baseline and 41 had full recovery following each intervention. Yet only two patients demonstrated a new sciatic nerve postoperatively.


Weather and climate models are required to calculate radiative fluxes and shortwave heating and longwave cooling rate profiles on a large scale. Heating and cooling rates describe the effect that different configurations of temperature, radiatively active gases, and clouds have on the rates of interlayer energy exchange and affect circulation patterns. Meanwhile, a suite of satellite-based instruments from the NASA Earth Observing System's A-Train provide an unprecedented set of measurements that can be used to produce quantities that can also yield radiative fluxes and heating and cooling rates. This work explores the extent to which passive-infrared hyperspectral measurements such as those made by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder impart information towards infrared cooling rates. Several novel methods are explored for interpreting and retrieving cooling rates using spectral measurements.

For scenes with optically thick clouds, however, passive visible and infrared measurements will have limited power in describing heating and cooling rates. Vertical cloud information can be obtained from several A-Train instruments: the Microwave Limb Sounder Ice Water Content product provides data on the profiles of ice clouds in the upper troposphere and this work explores how this data can be used to describe the cloud radiative effect. Recently, active-sounding measurements from CloudSat have offered an unrivalled description of cloud profiles which can be used to compute fluxes and heating rates. Preliminary CloudSat products are evaluated and a case study of heating rate analysis is presented in which CloudSat products are used to determine Tropical Tropopause Layer radiation balance.

The radiative processes that affect the far-infrared (wavelengths of 15–100 μm) are described in a limited fashion by the current suite of A-Train measurements, and yet these spectral regions have a large impact on cooling rates in the troposphere. The extra information gained by the introduction of a set of spectrally resolved far-infrared measurements is discussed for clear and cloudy scenes.

Finally, this work discusses future directions for analyzing heating rates derived from remote sensing measurements, and challenges and opportunities for future research.


It can be connected to the medical infusion line, having both ends (7A, 7B) the first rigid body portion open conduit (8) is having an elongated tubular member (7) on the inside (2) a medical connector (1), wherein the first end of the elongate tubular member (7) (7A) can be connected directly to the medical infusion line, it said elongated tubular member (7), the first in one of the first open end, a second medical connector which can be closed by a body portion (3) attached to the body portion of the first hard (2). Second body portion (3) is made of flexible material, covers at least partially the elongated tubular member (7), extends beyond the second end of the elongate tubular member (7B), a second end close the opening, the second body portion (3) constitutes a single piece with the body portion of the first rigid overmoulded on the main body portion of the first hard (2). .Field


Purpose To demostrate the cross-sectional anatomy in acute commotio retinae. Methods A 27-year-old male with unilateral decreased vision after acute blunt ocular trauma, was examined by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Results Visual acuity was 20/20 OD and 20/50 OS. Fundus examination OS demostrated a mild edema in the papillomacular and foveal area. OCT confirmed a separation of the neurosensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The thickness of the retina was normal and the contour of the foveola intact. The uncommon hyperreflective band at the outer retina may present the traumatic disruption of photoreceptors. Conclusions In vivo investigations by OCT confirmed previous histological studies, a commotio retinae consists a disruption and fragmentation at the level of the foveal photoreceptor segments and RPE.


Results of research of the contribution of functional to asymmetry of a brain to structure of mnemonic abilities of the gifted teenagers are presented. Statistically authentic dependence of structures of lateral organization of a brain and degrees of development of functional, operational and adjusting mechanisms of mnemonic activity of the gifted teenagers is revealed. Psychologically mathematical models of differential diagnostics of the gifted teenagers on the basis of parameters of development of mnemonic activity of structures of lateral organization of a brain were constructed.


Xanthomonas species have been extensively studied as major and model pathogens of plants. However, there is an increasing recognition of the complex and large world of non-pathogenic species of Xanthomonas in the recent decades. One pathogenic Xanthomonas species has been known in rice for the last hundred years, yet in recent years, three non-pathogenic Xanthomonas (NPX) species have been reported. Thus, there is a need to understand the species-level diversity of NPXs like their pathogenic counterparts. In the present study, we report isolation and investigation into the genomic diversity of Xanthomonas indica, a newly discovered NPX species from rice. The study allowed us to establish the relationship of X. indica strains within clade I of Xanthomonads. All the strains formed a distinct but diverse clade compared to clades corresponding to other NPX species from rice and other hosts. X. indica lacks major virulence factors found in their pathogenic counterparts. Identification of highly diverse strains and open-pan genome indicates ongoing selection to acquire new functions for adaptation. X. indica also harbours large-scale interstrain variations in the lipopolysaccharide O-antigen biosynthetic gene cluster, which hints at the selection at this locus. Interestingly, all the diverse strains of X. indica were able to protect rice from bacterial leaf blight pathogen of rice upon leaf clip inoculation. Comparative genomics revealed the association of a RiPP, a metalloprotease and a bacterial-killing type IV secretion system conserved across its related member species, including X. sontii, in the clade I with in-vivo anti-pathogenic properties. Overall the study has provided novel evolutionary insights into an important NPX member species. The findings and genomic resources will allow further systematic molecular studies to understand its interaction with the host plant.


This article aims to discuss the significance and advantages of cross-border e-commerce development in Chongqing. The author first introduces the trend of international trade development and the development of cross-border E-commerce in the world and China, and continues to discuss the significance and advantages of cross-border e-commerce development in Chongqing.


A mathematical model is developed to describe the performance of a monolith-type catalyst employed in the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide emissions from fossil-fueled power plants. The model is then employed for the design of a new catalyst by optimizing its pore structure. The predicted 50% improvement in point activity is verified in experiments.


Domain effects have been studied extensively for object perceptual and conceptual pro cesses. De cades of neu roimaging research have identified domain differences in widely distributed brain systems, including vari ous higher level sensory and motor systems. Investigations of the mecha nisms under lying such differences have led to a more detailed understanding of and questions about the computational nature of these regions and their functional roles in object knowledge repre sen ta tion in general. In this chapter, I review recent findings on the variables associated with the response and connectivity profiles of three dif fer ent domain preferring clusters in higher ventral visual cortex. The findings reveal the joint effects of visual features and connectivity patterns and an intriguing interaction between input modality and object domain. The available evidence motivates a line of theoretical analyses about the nature of domain relevant response sys tems and their relationship with input systems (e.g., vision). A promising hypothesis is that the manner in which bottomup input information is translated into dif fer ent response systems for dif fer ent domains constrains the nature of repre sen ta tion at vari ous object processing levels.


The research presented in this paper describes the evolution of a cost-effective, structural Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) stay-in-place (SIP) formwork bridge deck system integrated with a modular three-dimensional FRP reinforcement cage. Recent research conducted at the University of Wisconsin is reviewed to show the evolution of the reinforcing system to include a FRP SIP formwork system. The evolution of the system occurred through the laboratory testing, design and construction of two Wisconsin state-owned bridge structures. Each structure utilized different FRP reinforcing and formwork systems. These projects pointed out the need for a competitive SIP formwork system to be used in conjunction with a FRP reinforcement system. Two specimens with different systems of reinforcement and SIP formwork were tested. Fullscale bridge deck slab specimens were tested by applying a simulated wheel design load in order to investigate the static load performance, ultimate capacity and failure mechanism. The most economical FRP reinforcing system will be implemented into a superstructure replacement project in Greene County, Missouri. Ringelstetter, T., Bank, L., Oliva, M., Russell, J., Matta, F., Nanni, A. 3


The establishment of "the Extracurricular Course in P.E" promoted greatly the development of the integrated qualities of the students and helped them be more adapted with the evolution of the whole society, It also helped to promote the personalities of the students. Therefore, "the Extracurricular Course in P.E" reinforced the process of teaching as the efficient complementarities.


A sampling circuit is proposed based on the technology of IRL.The hardware of the system can be reconstructed to meet the required gain and filtering.


A case of primary T‐cell lymphoma of the appendix in an 84‐year‐old female was reported. Appendectomy was performed as a result of the clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis, due to the rebound tenderness of McBurney's point and thickness of the appendix wall as determined from ultra echo sonograph. Grossly, the surgical resected appendix did not have a dominant inflammatory appearance, therefore a tumor was suspected. Microscopic examination showed diffused proliferation of large and medium size lymphoma cells. Immunohistochemical examination further revealed that the lymphoma cells were positive for T‐cell markers. To ensure this was a T‐cell lymphoma, molecular examination was performed using paraffin‐embedded tissue sections, since T‐cell lymphoma of the appendix is extremely rare. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis demonstrated monoclonal T‐cell receptor gene rearrangement. T‐cell‐rich B‐cell lymphoma was excluded. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of primary T‐cell lymphoma of the appendix. PCR‐SSCP analysis in paraffin‐embedded tissue section was very useful in the diagnosis of lymphoma cell monoclonality.


Several published studies indicate that the fisheries industry in Pakistan is confronted by diverse types of risks. However, none of these studies neither compares different risk types nor gives priority ranks to risk types faced by Baluchistan fisheries, Pakistan for their effective management. Thus, this study is the first attempt in this regard. In order to gather numerical data, a questionnaire survey was done by contacting fishery experts located in the coastal districts of Baluchistan from 1 September, 2019 to 26 December, 2019. 27 completed questionnaires were collected having a consistency ratio (CR) less than 0.1. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Expert Choice 2000 software was used for data analysis. This work reveals that Baluchistan fisheries is exposed to five different kinds of risks. Relative importance and priority ranking of these risks, from the most to the least important is 'management risk' (0.511), 'natural risk' (0.256), 'ecological risk' (0.124), 'market risk' (0.062), and 'technical risk' (0.046). Among all the risk sub-factors studied, the most important sub-factor is 'overfishing' (0.314), whereas, the least important sub-factor is 'infectious disease' (0.003). To cope with these risk types, several strategies can be employed which include avoiding, transferring, diversifying, and controlling risk. However, for more effective and comprehensive management of Baluchistan fisheries, Pakistan further in-depth research on each risk type is strongly recommended.


Malaria is a major public health problem in India and its dynamics vary from place to place. In India malaria is complex because of vast tracts of forest with tribal settlement. Koraput, it is mainly tribe-inhabited and one of the highly endemic districts of Odisha State that contributes a considerable number of malaria cases in India. During 2009 in Kunduli CHC %Pf, SPR and API were 100%, 25.7 and 38.6 respectively. The % Pf, SPR and API of Dudhari Sbub Centre in year 2010 were 100%, 14.86 and 35.31 respectively. From 2007 onwards there was steady increase in number of P. falciparum cases and during 2008, the the prevalences of infection caused by the P. falciparum were high. In 2010 and SPR and API rose to 19.7% and 36.7%, respectively. The results of the current study indicated a rising trend in transmission of malaria in Koraput district compared to the situation in previous report and it is opposing approach for the control of the disease by improving treatment measures with adequate knowledge in the tribe area.


We give an approximation algorithm for packing and covering linear programs (linear programs with non-negative coefficients). Given a constraint matrix with n non-zeros, r rows, and c columns, the algorithm (with high probability) computes feasible primal and dual solutions whose costs are within a factor of I +epsiv of OPT l+ epsiv of OPT (the optimal cost) in time O(n + (r +c) log(n) / epsiv2). For dense problems (with r,c = O(-radicn)) the time is Omega (n log(n) / epsiv2)-linear even as epsiv rarr 0. In comparison, previous Lagrangian-relaxation algorithms generally take at least Omega(n log(n)/epsiv2) time, while (for small epsiv) the Simplex algorithm typically takes at least Omega(n min(r, c)) time.


Peripheral vascular access complications persist as risks of cardiac catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). With the increasing popularity of radial artery access, the pendulum of the preferred access site is swinging againinitially from the arm, to the leg, and now back to the arm. The technique of selective coronary angiography introduced by Dr. F. Mason Sones was a pivotal development that ushered in the modern era of coronary revascularization with bypass surgery and coronary angioplasty (1). The Sones technique used the arm for vascular access by surgical cutdown of the brachial artery. Subsequently, percutaneous access was obtained using the larger femoral artery of the leg. This approach was considered easier and faster because of the elimination of surgical cutdown and availability of preshaped catheters. The advent of coronary angioplasty and its attendant need for larger catheters further solidified the femoral artery as the primary access site for several decades. The problem of bleeding at the vascular access site came to the forefront with the introduction of coronary stents. In the initial stent era, before thienopyridines were available, aggressive antithrombotic regimens were prescribed to prevent stent thrombosis: aspirin, dipyridamole, low-molecular-weight dextran, heparin, and warfarin. As a consequence, hemorrhagic complications were common. In the landmark STRESS (Stent Restenosis Study) trial (2), major vascular complications occurred in 7.3% of patients. Many strategies were created to reduce vascular bleeding, including smaller catheters, external compression devices, intravascular closure devices, safer anticoagulants, and radial artery access (3). The transradial approach to coronary stenting was first reported more than 2 decades ago (4). Because of the radial artery's superficial location and compressibility, it is easier to reduce bleeding at this site than at the femoral artery. With progressive refinements in technique and equipment, this approach has been widely adopted in Europe, Asia, and Canada. The United States has lagged behind the rest of the world in utilization of radial access, but this is gradually changing. In the National Cardiovascular Data Registry, transradial PCI increased from 1.2% in 2007 to 16.1% in 2012 (5). Many studies have shown that radial artery access is an effective strategy to minimize bleeding. A previous systematic review of 23 trials comparing transradial and transfemoral approaches found that transradial catheterization reduced bleeding by 73% (6). In addition, radial access offers advantages for patient comfort and early ambulation. Yet, transradial intervention is not without limitations. For example, it has a higher failure rate, requiring the procedure to be completed at an alternative site. Radial artery spasm and occlusion can occur (the latter is usually asymptomatic if the ulnar artery is patent). Procedural and fluoroscopy times are generally longer, although differences decline with operator experience (6). In this issue, And and Capodanno (7) report a meta-analysis of randomized trials comparing radial and femoral artery access in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Four high-quality multicenter trials were included in the meta-analysis. Bleeding complications were significantly lower with radial access. Of note, all-cause mortality was 27% lower in the transradial group. This study adds to the mounting evidence of the clinical benefits of radial access, and hopefully it will spur U.S. cardiologists to catch up to their international colleagues in greater adoption of this approach. However, several limitations and caveats need consideration before endorsing the authors' declaration of radial access as the default strategy for cardiac catheterization in patients with ACS (7). Patient populations in the trials were not homogeneous. Two trials included only patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The other 2 trials also included patients with non-STEMI and unstable angina. A significant reduction in mortality has been shown only in patients with STEMI in whom emergency procedures were performed in a milieu of intense antithrombotic therapies, with systemic anticoagulation and potent antiplatelet drugs. In RIVAL (A Trial of Trans-radial Versus Trans-femoral Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Access Site Approach in Patients With Unstable Angina or Myocardial Infarction Managed With an Invasive Strategy) (8), there was a trend toward higher mortality in radially treated patients without STEMI. Therefore, transradial catheterization has been shown to reduce mortality only in patients with STEMI and not in those with other types of ACS or in stable patients having elective PCI. A common feature of all trials in the meta-analysis was the use of antithrombotic drugs associated with a high risk for bleeding during transfemoral procedures. Heparin was the principal anticoagulant, and a substantial proportion of patients received glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Bivalirudin, which is associated with less bleeding, was used in fewer than 10% of patients in all but 1 trial. HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes With Revascularization and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction), involving 94% transfemoral procedures, randomly assigned patients with STEMI having PCI to bivalirudin or to heparin and a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor. Patients treated with bivalirudin had a 40% reduction in major bleeding and a 34% reduction in mortality (9). The reduction in mortality was similar to that seen with transradial artery access in the meta-analysis. Alternative explanations may account for the observed differences in clinical events. The largest trial, MATRIX (Minimizing Adverse Haemorrhagic Events by Transradial Access Site and Systemic Implementation of AngioX) (10), categorized participating hospitals into terciles as a function of their prior frequency of radial use. The composite outcome (death, myocardial infarction, or stroke) was no different between the radial and femoral groups at institutions with lower and intermediate radial use. In contrast, hospitals with high radial use (>80%) showed a significant difference in outcome. However, this difference was not related to better outcomes with transradial access but rather to a high event rate with femoral access. In patients assigned to femoral access, outcome events occurred in 15.5% at centers with high radial use compared with only 7.5% at centers with low use. These findings raise the possibility that differences between treatment groups may have been due to suboptimal outcomes with femoral catheterization performed by operators who used almost exclusively the transradial approach in pretrial procedures. In conclusion, the current meta-analysis adds further evidence for the benefits of transradial PCI and should be a call to arms for U.S. cardiologists to increase their utilization of this approach. This is not to say that the radial artery must be viewed as the exclusive or default route for cardiac procedures. Like fine wine, the best medical care should have balance. The message to interventional cardiologists, both domestic and abroad, is that we best serve patients by having operators who are facile from both the arm and the leg.


Real systems are usually modelled in continuous-time by differential equations but, in practice, we have to deal with them through digital devices using sampled data. For linear systems, exact sampled-data models can be obtained. These models, however, will generally have more zeros than the continuous-time model. In this paper we show that there is a specific relation between the characterization of these sampling zeros and the order of the B-splines used to generate the continuous-time input to the system. Moreover, we show that this connection can also be established if the smoothness of the B-spline is taken into account in the integration strategy used to discretize the continuous-time model.


Certain types of stalkers appear more dangerous and less responsive to police intervention and other sanctions than do other types. This article addresses a stalker categorisation (cf. Boon & Sheridan, 2001; Sheridan & Boon, 2002) that provides information about stalker dangerousness and offers associated implications for case management and intervention strategies. Infatuation harassers (+18.5%) are the least dangerous stalkers and are most responsive to intervention. Ex-partner stalkers/harassers are the largest group (+50%).They are more often violent due to anger and impulsiveness and are less responsive to intervention. Delusional fixation stalkers (+15%) can be either dangerous or less dangerous, but sadistic stalkers (+13%) form the most dangerous category of stalkers ,and interventions with these stalkers can prove dangerous for the victim. Several implications of the typology for police practice and intervention are discussed.


Profit is an important base of the subsistence and development of the CPA firm. And the CPA must abide by the professional moral standards .So CPA should balance between them carefully. But now, some CPA consider that the profit is more important than the moral standards. So the thesis starts from the audit of annually report to analyze the problems' causes and advances my opinion on how to settle the problems.


This article proposes a model predictive control as a secure service (MPCaaSS) framework for cyber–physical systems (CPSs) in the presence of both cyber threats and external disturbances. First, in order to take advantage of the cloud-edge computing, we design a double-layer controller architecture by using a novel control parameterization based on Gaussian radial basis functions. In this controller architecture, the cloud-side controller optimizes the controller parameters of the edge-side controller, whereas the edge-side controller implements the real-time control law using the generated controller parameters. Second, in order to securely transmit data packets, we integrate an encoding scheme and an elliptic curve cryptography (ECC)-based encryption into the proposed MPCaaSS framework. Then, the controller parameters and the state measurements can be encrypted such that no malicious attackers can corrupt and intercept the transmission. It is shown that the recursive feasibility of MPCaaSS is achieved under some sufficient conditions, and the robust stability of the closed-loop system is guaranteed if the optimization problem is recursively feasible. Simulated examples are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Investment background the role of trustees in investment the asset classes portfolio construction types of investment manager structure types of investment manager how to select a manager new techiniques future trends exclusions.


Presents a critical review of the method of FMEA and in particular of the risk priority number (RPN) used for ranking failure modes. Though the method itself is of great use, the calculation of the RPN lacks a proper model as a base and is thus internally inconsistent and potentially misleading. Proposes an alternative procedure, based on a simple model and using expected costs as the basis for ranking failure modes.


This article explores the neglect of community sanctions (probation, parole etc.) in contemporary punishment and society scholarship, and seeks to understand why this part of the penal field has not attracted significant attention from researchers, despite expansion and diversification in a variety of jurisdictions. Following a review of punishment and society scholarship, which confirms the 'Cinderella' status of community sanctions, three arguments are proposed to help make sense of this finding. These concern the problems of language and labelling, the (in)visibility of the field and the debateable penal character of community sanctions. The article concludes with a 'call to arms' for punishment and society scholars, which entails recognising Cinderella as a key actor in the stories we tell about penal change, and pushing her out of the shadows of punishment and society scholarship.


1. The Comparative Study of Social Mobility 2. Statistical Methods of Mobility Research 3. Social Mobility in Europe Between 1970 and 2000 4. Social Mobility in West Germany: The Long Arms of History Discovered? 5. Change in Intergenerational Class Mobility in France from the 1970s to the 1990s and its Explanation: An Analysis Following the Casmin Approach 6. The Italian Mobility Regime: 1985-1997 7. Class Transformation and Trends in Social Fluidity in the Republic of Ireland 1973-1994 8. Trends in Intergenerational Class Mobility in Britain in the Late Twentieth Century 9. Equality at a Halt? Social Mobility in Sweden 1976-1999 10. Social Mobility in Norway 1973-1995 11. Intergenerational Mobility in Poland 1972-1988-1994 12. Changes in Intergenerational Class Mobility in Hungary 1973-2000 13. Opportunities, Little Change: Class Mobility in Israeli Society 1974-1991 14. Recent Trends in Intergenerational Occupational Class Reproduction in The Netherlands 1970-1999 15. Conclusions References


Jaime Miguel de Guzmán-Dávalos y Spínola (1690-1767) was one of the most prestigious soldiers of the Enlightenment. He wrote Máximas para la Guerra, a book of unquestionable value that was published upon his death. In this article, paraphrasing the words of the author mentioned in its title, we aim at studying the precepts of the renowned scientist on amphibious warfare to which he devoted a chapter of his work. Having in mind its unquestionable quality, and being far from the hagiographic idolatry, we are going to run its critical evaluation. Disembarking troops is one of the most complex military operations ever. Our study contains lessons that we consider to be most valuable as well as decisions that we view as not so beneficial. In addition to that we also tackle the aspects that in our opinion could have been presented and analysed by the author and were not included.


The future of forest certification in China is a tenuous one. With the country embarking on a historic program of afforestation and reforestation, the progress of sustainable forestry is of a critical turning point. This article investigates the challenges and assesses the likelihood of forestry cerfification in China. Using Russia and Indonesia as case studies, it also looks at the possibilities of creating an international Chain of Custody in China. Finally, the skepticism of the Chinese business community is discussed.


Introduction: Nervous system growth and  differentiation are intimately interrelated with the presence of thyroid hormones (THs) in early development stages. Hypothyroidism during the fetal and postnatal life results in an irreversible mental retardation syndrome. Aim of the study: Assessment of the effect of 3,5,3 ' -triiodo-L-thyronine (T 3 ) on changes in the cerebral neurotransmitters level in hypothyroid rats male offspring and the possible role of Na + , K + -ATPase activity. Materials and methods: Hypothyroidism during pregnancy and lactation in one group (hypothyroid group) was induced by the antithyroid drug, methimazole (MMI) that was added to drinking water at a concentration of 0.02%. In the second group (T 3 -treated hypothyroid group), MMI was stopped and animal's offsprings were given T 3 (20 μg/100 g body weight in 0.01 N NaOH, i.p.) for one week. The third group is the control group; neither the mother nor the offspring received any drug. The hypothyroid state in mothers during pregnancy was confirmed by measuring total thyroxine (TT 4 ) and total triiodothyronine (TT 3 ) at gestational day 10. At the end of experiment, the offsptings were sacrificed and free thyroxine (FT 4 ) and free triiodothyronine (FT 3 ) in sera and neurotransmitters (dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin) and Na + , K + -ATPase activity were measured in the cerebral homogenate. Results: Maternal hypothyroidism induced a significant decrease in the cerebral level of dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin and Na + , K + -ATPase activity when  compared with euthyroid group. Treatment with T 3 significantly increased the cerebral level of neurotransmitters and Na + , K + -ATPase activity when compared with the hypothyroid group. Conclusion: T 3 supplementation during the postnatal period through its effect on the cerebral Na + , K + -ATPase effectively reversed the effect of maternal methimazole-induced hypothyroidism on the cerebral level of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin. Keywords: Thyroid hormone; Neurotransmitter; Antithyroid drug; Dopamine; Norepinephrine and Serotonin.


Abstract : This repon is intended to stimulate discussion on both the general nature of and specific projects for the evolving command and control analysis mission of the Simulation Concepts Branch, with emphasis on course of action analysis/evaluation. This is a "living document" that will be expanded and modified as our research gels. We focus on project possibilities most directly associated with course of action analysis tools.


In this paper we show that two Lagrangian graphs over the torus in $\mathbb{C}^n$ with large Lagrangian phase can be connected via Lipschitz continuous geodesic with respect to the $L^2$ metric on the space of Lagrangian submanifolds. In particular, the geodesic for Lagrangian graphs over the torus in $\mathbb{C}^n$ can be formulated as a degenerate elliptic equation, and we construct geodesic by solving the corresponding Dirichlet problem.


1 Plasma interleukin (IL)‐6 concentration is increased with exercise and it has been demonstrated that contracting muscles can produce IL‐ The question addressed in the present study was whether the IL‐6 production by contracting skeletal muscle is of such a magnitude that it can account for the IL‐6 accumulating in the blood. 2 This was studied in six healthy males, who performed one‐legged dynamic knee extensor exercise for 5 h at 25 W, which represented 40% of peak power output (Wmax). Arterial‐femoral venous (a‐fv) differences over the exercising and the resting leg were obtained before and every hour during the exercise. Leg blood flow was measured in parallel by the ultrasound Doppler technique. IL‐6 was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 3 Arterial plasma concentrations for IL‐6 increased 19‐fold compared to rest. The a‐fv difference for IL‐6 over the exercising leg followed the same pattern as did the net IL‐6 release. Over the resting leg, there was no significant a‐fv difference or net IL‐6 release. The work was produced by 2.5 kg of active muscle, which means that during the last 2 h of exercise, the median IL‐6 production was 6.8 ng min−1 (kg active muscle)−1 (range, 3.96‐9.69 ng min−1 kg−1). 4 The net IL‐6 release from the muscle over the last 2 h of exercise was 17‐fold higher than the elevation in arterial IL‐6 concentration and at 5 h of exercise the net release during 1 min was half of the IL‐6 content in the plasma. This indicates a very high turnover of IL‐6 during muscular exercise. We suggest that IL‐6 produced by skeletal contracting muscle contributes to the maintenance of glucose homeostasis during prolonged exercise.


A method and system for controlling and notifying Local IP Access (LIPA) are provided by the present invention. A wireless network element/Home Node B gateway reports, capability information of LIPA to Internet, and/or capability information of LIPA to home based network, and/or acceptable information that the wireless network element/Home Node B gateway can be accessed to a local access gateway, to a Mobility Management Entity (MME). According to the obtained capability information, the MME establishes an LIPA connection to a subscriber, and determines whether the connection is the connection of LIPA to Internet or LIPA to home based network. The method of the present invention can reasonably select to establish which type of LIPA connection to the subscriber, and ensure the security of LIPA of non-CSG (Closed Subscriber Group) subscriber.


Ureteral smooth muscle behaves as a functional syncytium; all-or-none contractions originate at the renal end of the ureter, which is considered to be the pacemaker (Bozler, 1942 a), and pass to its lower end. Thus, there is a superficial resemblance to the heart which also shows decrementless conduction and has pacemaker regions. In addition, both the ureter and cardiac tissue have plateau-type action potentials (Bozler, 1942b; Burnstock & Prosser, 1960). The interval between successive stimuli is known to affect contractions in cardiac tissue (Koch-Weser & Blinks, 1963), and in this paper the relation between contractions and the interval between stimuli in the directly stimulated, isolated, guinea-pig ureter has been examined.


This paper focuses on the controversy that prevails concerning the extent to which an arms race is going on between Greece and Turkey. An examination of the recent contributions on this major issue beginning the year 2000 onwards suggests that the pronounced discrepancies among the conclusions drawn in these papers may be attributed to two major reasons among others: the effectiveness of the techniques employed, as well as the inadequacy of certain policy recipes to treat actual defense incidents.


The recent development in research on cathodic catalysts for direct methanol fuel cells(DMFC) is(reviewed).At present,the cathodic catalyst used in DMFC is usually Pt.Its main problems are low electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction and performance degradation due to methanol penetrating through the proton exchange membrane.The addition of Cr,Ni,heteropolyacids,or(porphyrin) and phthalocyanion of the transition metals to the Pt catalyst can increase not only the electrocatalytic activity of the Pt for the oxygen reduction,but also the methanol tolerance of the Pt.Therefore,these Pt-based composite catalysts are in prospect of being used as the cathodic catalyst in DMFC.


During the monsoon of 2022, Kathmandu valley witnessed an unprecedented number of cholera cases in a brief period- on an epidemic scale. This event corresponded with a month-long stagnation of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in the streets of the valley after protests and blockades from the residents in Sisdole- the location of the only landfill serving the valley. This paper has entertained the correlation between the two entities and has scrutinized the idea. To add to the study, the trends re studied and evaluated. Observations and literature reviews suggest MSW making the situation of cholera worse if not causing it. This study has also provided suggestions for getting the situation better in the longer term using available literature and has laid the groundwork for further research regarding the relationship between the two to further understand their significance on one another.


In some applications, like some areas in stochastic geometry, a convenient change of variables involves spheres. In this review we summarize formulas of Blaschke-Petkantschin type, that help to pass from integration over $k$-tuples of points in space to the integration by some sphere passing through those points.


The international graduate student population is a unique one that has specific needs that differ from that of domestic students and other acculturating groups. International graduate students face social, financial, and other stressors rooted in language proficiency while dealing with academic performance demands that accompany being a graduate student (Sullivan & Kashubeck-West, 2015). Furthermore, many international students studying at American universities tend to experience severe adjustment challenges dealing with the unfamiliarity of American customs and traditions in addition to the lack of emotional and social support on behalf of the host university. The goals of this qualitative, narrative case study were to explore the needs of international graduate students in regards to their adjustment and whether the needs of this population are being met by the host institution, Southern Illinois University Carbondale (SIUC). The results of this study indicated that there is a concrete need for University staff to be trained on cultural competency, health literacy, and xenophobia as they seek to meet the potential needs of their visiting international students.
Additionally, health and wellness resources offered through the University should be improved in order to be more comprehensively advertised and promoted on campus and within the surrounding community. The study yields results that crystallizes the impact that poor acculturation can have on the student's mental and physical health, and how bridges between the international and non-international communities can be built and more importantly sustained, thus resulting in a more inclusive environment.


Commercial pet foods and their ingredients are produced using processing techniques that favor the Maillard reaction and formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs).


The effects of ischemia and reperfusion in apoptosis occurrence in equine were studied. Intestinal samples were taken and biopsy specimens evaluated. Data were analyzed by Friedman test. Schorr and hematoxilin-eosine staining showed shrunken anoykic cells, chromatin condensation, nuclear and cellular fragmentation typical of apoptosis. Significant lower apoptotic index occurred at 2h and 12h of reperfusion in the villous region. No difference was observed in the crypt region. Apoptosis constitutes an important part of cell loss in addition to necrosis.


This paper investigates the tradeoffs between floodplain agriculture and fisheries production in the Brahmaputra river basin of Bangladesh, where both sectors are simultaneously affected by floodplain development policies. Current policies primarily include structural changes in the floodplain in the form of flood control, drainage and irrigation projects. Such development programs typically ignore the effects on floodplain fisheries, which is an important natural resource sector and a source of subsistence for the rural poor. This paper develops a floodplain land-use model, where net returns to agriculture and fisheries are jointly maximized. Special attention is paid to the tradeoffs between agriculture and fisheries production and the dynamics of the fishery. The model accounts explicitly for the effect of floodplain area on fisheries production. Productivity is a function of the flood land type, which is based on the average monthly depth of flooding. Numerical results from solving a simple version of the model are presented. These early results show that a combination of agriculture and fisheries production in the floodplain provides higher returns than agriculture production alone. This has implications for floodplain management policies, which to date have the stated goal of increasing agricultural productivity only. The effects of floodplain development policies on both agriculture and fisheries need to be studied in further detail to understand the long-term implications of such policies.


During bedload movement by saltation, streamwise momentum is transferred from the flow to the saltating grains. When the grains collide with other grains on the bed or in the flow, streamwise momentum is reduced, and there is a decrease in streamwise flow velocity and an increase in flow resistance, herein termed bedload transport resistance fbt. Based on experiments in two flumes with fixed and mobile plane beds and previously published data, an equation is developed that may be used to predict fbt for both capacity and non‐capacity flows. The variables in this equation are identified by dimensional analysis and the coefficients are determined by non‐linear regression. This equation applies to rough turbulent open‐channel flows, where the relative submergence is between 1 and 20 and the entire sediment load moves by saltation. An investigation of the relative magnitudes of fbt and grain resistance fc suggests that where dimensionless shear stress θ is less than 1 and saltation is the dominant mode of bedload transport, fbt/fc increases with θ but never exceeds 1. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Menarche is the onset of menstruation and is a definitive indication of female puberty. The average age at menarche has steadily declined worldwide over the past century. While many cardiovascular conditions have their start during youth, age at menarche may also play a role in predicting the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Of particular importance is the disproportionately high number of CVDs that affect African Americans, which contributes greatly to the disparities in life expectancy between African Americans and Whites. This study aims to address a gap in knowledge about African American women's health by examining the association between age at menarche and CVD. We assessed the hypothesis that an earlier age at menarche is associated with increased odds of CVD risk factors and history for women in the Jackson Heart Study. This study was a secondary analysis of baseline data from 2,458 females in the Jackson Heart Study, a longitudinal cohort study of African Americans in the Jackson, MS metropolitan area. Early menarche was defined as menarche occurring at less than 12 years of age. Cardiovascular disease risk factors included hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and abdominal obesity (waist circumference >88cm). Cardiovascular disease history included coronary heart disease, heart attack, and stroke. The association between early menarche and CVD risk factors and history was examined using multivariable logistic regression models, controlling for physical activity, nutrition, smoking, alcohol use, education, income, and oral contraceptive use. The prevalence of CVD risk factors and CVD history was higher for women with an early age at menarche (<12 years) than for other women. After adjusting for covariates, early age at menarche was associated with greater odds of hypertension (OR, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.17-1.84]), obesity (OR, 1.77 [95% CI, 1.43, 2.19]), abdominal obesity (OR, 1.87 [95% CI, 1.44, 2.41)], history of coronary heart disease (OR, 1.98 [95% CI, 1.33, 2.94]), and history of heart attack (OR, 1.76 [95% CI, 1.09, 2.84]). Early age at menarche was not significantly associated with diabetes or stroke history. In conclusion, in this large sample of African American women in the Jackson Heart Study, we observed that menarche before 12 years of age was associated with increased odds of CVD risk factors and CVD history compared to those with menarche after 12 years of age. These findings highlight the importance of exposures during youth and childhood which may contribute to poor health outcomes in later life.


Modeling long-term or large-scale processes is associated with a significant investment of researchers' time, as well as computer time. In this regard, it can be effective to make adjustments to the model directly in the process of modeling. This article discusses the design and implementation of a web client that acts as an administration system (panel) for a platform for multi-agent modeling of movements and interactions of actors within a city map area. All modeling logic in this platform is implemented directly in modules, while the modeling platform only calls it for specific, connected modules. The modeling platform is implemented on the ASP.NET Core 5.0 framework. For the implementation of the web client, the Angular 11 framework was chosen with the Ant Design UI components.


Because IL-4 potently stimulates murine CD8+ T cell proliferation during an in vivo Th2 response, we evaluated whether IL-4 also contributes to CD8+ T cell homeostasis in naïve mice. Adult, wild-type BALB/c mice have ~2x the number of total and ~5x the number of memory phenotype (CD44highLy6Chigh) splenic CD8+ T cells as IL-4-, IL-4Rα- and Stat6-deficient BALB/c mice. Rare, IL-4-dependent, memory phenotype CD8+ T cells are found in BALB/c thymus by week 2 of life. The effects of IL-4-deficiency on CD8+ T cells can be reproduced by treating pregnant mice and then their offspring with anti-IL-4 mAb for the first 12 days of life, but not by treating adult mice with anti-IL-4 mAb for 2 weeks. In contrast to BALB/c mice, wild-type, IL-4-deficient and IL-4Rα-deficient C57BL/6 mice have similar numbers of memory phenotype CD8+ splenocytes, which are fewer than those found in wild-type BALB/c mice. BALB/c and C57BL/6 adult mice have similar basal IL-4 production and their memory phenotype CD8+ T cells are similar in size and surface markers, except that the C57BL/6 cells express more IL-15Rα and IL-2/15Rβ. At least 3 genes contribute to the BALB/c vs. C57BL/6 difference. Taken together, these observations suggest that IL-4 acts early in BALB/c T cell development to promote memory phenotype CD8+ T cell differentiation and that greater thymic IL-4 production or responsiveness may contribute to the BALB/c Th2 cytokine predisposition.


filled caves or water-filled fissures underground. Recently, the audio frequency telluric method (AFTM) has been successfully employed to detect water in karst settings (Chen, 1988; CGS 2005; Gan, 2011), and to probe fissures of water in combination with the induced polarization (IP) method (Li, 2009). The typical advantages of this method are that they are both rapid and cost-effective; however, this is countered by disadvantages, including a shallow investigation depth and a lack of anomaly variations with depth. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) can be applied to define the water table (Zaidi, 2012), to delineate aquifers (Kumar, 2012), to search for karst geological structures (Leuccim, 2005) and find karst water (Metwaly, 2012; Vlahovic, 2011) using characteristics of the resistivity variation with depth. Compared with using a single geophysical method alone, the integrated approach usually provides more reliable information, and as a result has been widely applied for groundwater investigations. Alexopoulos (2011) employed both the very low frequency (VLF) electromagnetic method and ERT to map water pathways. Vargemezis (2011) even carried out VLF, Self-Potential (SP) and ERT surveys together to optimize locations for the construction of hydro wells.


Objective To analyze 13 cases with ruptured cystichydatidosis of lung which had been proved by operation in order to improve an abitity of diagnosis and differential diagnosis by roentgenography.Methods The roentgenograms of straight face and side position were taken CT roentgenogram or examed by CT.Results the roentgenograms showed that there were 5 cases with "lotus floated on water ",irregular pulmonary-carity 2 cases with crescent or semicircular air-zone,3 cases with broncho -pleura and 1 case with streak and flake shadows.Condusion The rupturtd cystic hydatidosis in lung can be diagnosed by roentgenogram.


Hough transform is an effective approach for curve detection.Due to the large computational complexity of ellipse detection using traditional Hough transform,the article presents a method based on Hough transform to decide whether the input figure is an ellipse.The method utilizes a geometric attribute of ellipse,and reduces the statistical dimension of Hough parameter space.As a result,computational complexity decreases and ellipse contour is detected quickly.


Although developmental programs to serve the needs of educationally disadvantaged community college students are a relatively new phenomena in higher education, a recent survey of Texas community colleges described more fully later as an integral part of the study reported here found that over 90% not only provided a developmental studies program but that these were well-developed programs offering an average of at least five courses. Indeed, Lombardi has predicted that developmental education will grow to comprise 50% of the community college enrollment. The modern community college library or learning resources center would appear to have much to offer these developmental programs, yet the role of the library in remedial education has been virtually unexplored by all but a few authors. Such innovations as the extensive non-print collections, carrels for individualized self-paced study, computer-assisted instruction, and elaborate production facilities, utilized to provide multiple delivery systems are all of potential value to the nontraditional student. While many have written on the unique role of the community college, library service to developmental education has been a neglected topic. Nieball omits it from her list of programs which the learning resource centers of Texas community colleges are supposed to support and Dale likewise omits the needs of disadvantaged students in two lists of library services presently being offered to students and faculty. Rader sees four major areas as targets for community college library services: 1) college transfer, 2) vocational-technical programs, 3) general education associate of arts degree programs, and 4) continuing education; she also ignores developmental programs. Developmental education programs do not appear to be a major focus of library services in the community college. Furthermore, the potential value of library services to developmental students appears to have been overlooked by those surveying


PurposeThe paper focuses on extended reality technologies and their potential contribution to the improvement of services. First, it identifies extended reality technologies (AR/VR) as the most promising interfaces to enable an experiential consumption of the services. It then summarises their properties and discusses similarities and differences. Last, it maps these technologies onto a consumer psychology framework of experience to derive possible areas of future research.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conduct a literature review and present a conceptual framework of AR/VR contributions on experience.FindingsThe study provides an up-to-date literature review including AR and VR applications for consumer and service experience, as well as recommendations for possible research directions.Originality/valueWhereas previous contributions adopted the same, experiential approach but focused on different technology (e.g. AI) or considered multiple interfaces and their impact on the consumer journey (mostly transactions), this paper aims at digging deeper into AR/VR, while retaining an experiential view on consumption that best serves the contextualisation of AR/VR.


A switched mode power supply comprising a switched mode converter (12) and a controller (16) for controlling the switched mode converter, the switched mode converter being provided for converting an input voltage (Vin ) to an output voltage (Vout) and including, on a primary side, a primary winding (X1) and a controllable switch based circuitry (31) connecting the input voltage over the primary winding; and, on a secondary side, a secondary winding (X2) coupled to the primary winding, and a capacitive element (C) connected over the secondary winding, wherein the output voltage is obtained as the voltage over the capacitive element: The primary winding comprises a first winding portion (np1) and at least one further winding portion (np2); and the switch based circuitry comprises controllable switches (Q11, Q4, Q12, Q42,Q2, Q31) (i) capable of controlling the duty cycle of the switched mode converter and (ii) capable of switching between a first operation state wherein the input voltage is connected only over the first winding portion and at least a second operation state wherein the input voltage is connected over the first and the at least one further winding portions, thereby enabling switching between two different transformer ratios (n1, n2). The controller comprises a first control arrangement (51, 52) (i) connected to monitor the output voltage (Vout) of the switched mode converter and (ii) operatively connected to the controllable switches to control the controllable switches to switch to thereby control the duty cycle in response to the monitored output voltage and a reference voltage using PID feedback control; and a second control arrangement (16a) (i) connected to monitor the input voltage (Vin) of the switched mode converter and (ii) operatively connected to the controllable switches to control the controllable switches to switch between the first and the at least second operation states in response to the monitored input voltage.


In this volume a teacher of distinction in the University of Budapest presents a technique of teaching which is both novel and effective. The training of the medical student nowadays entails a great deal of strain, even for the most talented. In an appreciative preface, Dr. Pulvertaft, reader of Pathology in the University of London, speaks very highly of the author's method of instruction, with diagrams and geometrical forms of illustrations. This book consists of five chapters the first of which deals with diseases of the oesophagus. Chapter 2, consisting of nearly 200 pages, is devoted to diseases of the stomach and intestinal tract. In chapter 3 the diseases of the liver and biliary tract are discussed in some detail. The treatment in each condition is very clearly indicated. In the two concluding chapters diseases of the pancreas and peritoneum are dealt with. This is a most instructive book and it is written in simple English. The^ illustrations are excellent, numerous and original. The printing and get-up are very good indeed. This is a book which we can strongly recommend to the general medical practitioner. A useful index is appended.


Disclosed herein are a transparent conductive film for a touch panel and a method for manufacturing the same. A transparent conductive film 100 for a touch panel according to the present invention includes a transparent substrate 110: a plurality of silver nanowires 120 formed on the transparent substrate 110 to be parallel with each other in one direction; and a transparent electrode 130 formed on the transparent substrate to apply the silver nanowires 120, whereby the silver nanowires 120 are formed in one direction of the transparent electrode 130 having the relatively higher surface resistance to make the surface resistance constant in all directions of the transparent conductive film 100 for the touch panel, thereby making it possible to increase touch sensitivity when a touch panel is manufactured.


In 1669, eight English noblemen, the Lords Proprietors of Carolina, sponsored an expedition to plant a permanent settlement on the south Atlantic coast of North America, the first step in their plan to transform the undeveloped territory between English Virginia and Spanish Florida into a prosperous agricultural colony. Based on their readings of the travel narratives of two English explorers who had recently plied the Carolina coast, the Proprietors instructed the expedition to settle at Port Royal Sound, an area they valued for its excellent harbor and accessibility to the Atlantic trading world. Upon arrival at Port Royal, however, the threat of hostile Indians and Spaniards led the colonists to perceive the low-lying and exposed land thereabouts as untenable. The colonists' decision to immediately "quitt Port Royall" and found Charles Town on Albemarle Point, a sheltered inland spot on the Ashley River, had significant political consequences both locally and nationally.


The functioning of the solar cells (and photoelectric phenomena in general) relies on the photo-generation of carriers in p–n junctions and their subsequent recombination in the quasi-neutral regions. A number of basic issues concerning the physics of the operation of solar cells still remain obscure. This paper reports on some unsolved basic problems, namely: a model of the recombination processes that does not contradict Maxwell's equations; boundary conditions; the role played by space charges in the transport phenomena, and the formation of quasi-neutral regions under the presence of nonequilibrium photo-generated carriers. In this work, a new formulation of the theory that explains the underlying physical phenomena involved in the generation of a photo-e.m.f. is presented.


Kinnow, a mandarin hybrid between King Mandarin (Citrus reticulate)was introduced in India in 1958 at the Regional Fruit Research Station, Abohar (Punjab). In India this variety was introduced by Bakhshi in 1954 at the Punjab Agriculture University, Regional Fruit Research Station, Abohar. A noble introduction of this cultivar inspired the growers to extend the cultivation in adjoining areas and has become the most favourite citrus cultivar among citrus growers because of its adaptability under semi-arid and submountainous foothill conditions where other citrus varieties have failed. Citrus fruits have special importance due to their distinct flavour and therapeutic values. These are rich International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 10 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Abstract. Recent discussions of the mind-brain and the soul-body problems have been both advanced and complexified by the cognitive sciences. I focus explicitly here on emergence, supervenience, and nonreductive physicalist theories of human personhood in light of recent advances in the Christian-Buddhist dialogue. While traditional self and no-self views pitted Christianity versus Buddhism versus science, I show how the nonreductive physicalist proposal regarding human personhood emerging from the neuroscientific enterprise both contributes to and is enriched by the Christian concept of pneuma (spirit) and the Buddhist concept of pratityasamutpada (codependent origination).


An overview of the semiconductor active devices available for 100-GHz and 100-Gb/s applications is given, based on semiconductor properties and device requirements. The most widespread technologies are then described, and then the status of competing technologies is given in two different areas: frequency dividers, which illustrate the suitability of a technology for high-speed digital circuits, and oscillators, which illustrate their behavior in analog circuits applications. The aim of this presentation was to illustrate the variety and potential impact of these evolving technologies with consistently increasing frequency performance. While the improvement of device performance relied for a long time only on the reduction of dimensions permitted by progress in lithography, heterostructures and strain engineering are now powerful means by which to enhance performance, in both speed and power, to a level that opens a door to the 100-GHz and 100-Gb/s application arena.


The seed industry in Thailand is among the advanced and well-developed industries in Asia. Maize contributes to the largest share of seed production and trade. The government and international organizations contributed significantly to the success of the maize seed industry in Thailand by building infrastructure for research and promoting the role of the private sector in the industry during the early years. The private sector also added to the industry's rapid expansion through constant and heavy investment in research and development. Thailand's goal of becoming a seed hub center in this region is bolstered by its suitable geography and weather, numerous highly trained plant scientists, wide diversity of germplasm, and membership in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Economic Community (AEC), which will come into effect at the end of 2015. Despite promising motivations, domestic regulations could be prohibitive factors in Thailand's becoming competitive in the regional seed market. This paper provides the history of development; an analysis of the current industry's structure, conduct, and performance; and a review of related regulations of the maize seed industry in Thailand. The lessons learned from the success of the maize seed industry in Thailand could provide implications for the development of the seed industry in other developing countries.


A number of US universities are interested in introducing elementary systems and control concepts to freshmen or sophomore engineering students. The article describes our experiences in developing and teaching such a course to sophomores in the Department of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Michigan. The course, entitled "Performance of Aircraft and Spacecraft", is organized around consideration of flight vehicles. Several innovative features of this course are described, but the emphasis is on systems topics introduced in the course, such as modeling and system properties, control concepts, and system performance. Our experiences in developing and teaching this course illustrate the challenges and benefits of teaching modeling, systems, control, and performance topics at an introductory university level. We describe important features of the particular aerospace engineering course and its treatment of flight systems issues. We discuss the course background and overview and the systems, control, and performance features of the course. The discussion emphasizes the important ways in which flight issues are introduced and the ways that an integrative systems perspective is developed. The reader interested solely in the systems and control lessons learned from the course, but not the flight-related issues, can skip these three sections and proceed to the section on systems, control, and performance: lessons learned.


This research re-appraised the religious and ethical roles of women in traditional Igbo society. It argued that women in traditional Igbo land played significant roles in nation building. The roles of women in this society and women generally are natural. These roles which are very significant to the family, community and the nation at large include: character formation of their children, care, peace building and invigoration of labour force and socio-capital transmission. Western and foreign values impinged on African cultural values, bringing about the swopping of or an outright change in roles or functions of women in the society. This limited the extent to which women could have contributed towards nation building. This research adopted the sociological approach to address the issues raised in the study. The work found out that women's contributions to conflict mediation and consolidation of peace in the family, community, and the larger society cannot be over-emphasized. This work in its recommendations advised the relevant agencies as the government ministries, Christian organisations, and women groups to expedite actions in their quest to remove all the challenges affecting women's roles in the contemporary society, for optimal contributions.


The view that labour market flexibility will lead to benefits for everyone is far obvious. This paper analyses changes in retailing over the last decades. It finds that much flexibility has been achieved in the industry. Recent legislative changes have played an important role in these changes. Processes of deskilling, casualization, juuenalization and feminization are being intensified. The effects the quality of working life for retail workers are examined. It is found that retail workers are having to pay a high price for the flexibilities achieved by their employers.


1 Purpose The project aims to demonstrate that extended notions of graph rewriting can act as the basis for practical implementations of multi-paradigm languages, based on largely declarative principles. The languages chosen will combine process and functional programming on the one hand and functional and concurrent logic programming on the other. The objective is to support implementations on both sequential and parallel architectures. The precursor to the main project will be research to identify a core model of graph rewriting able to support the chosen language paradigms. This model will have restricted capabilities but will be chosen to allow efficient sequential implementation. By extending established techniques, the project will develop an implementation for sequential machines, based on the core model, and focussing primarily on integration of functional and process paradigms. The project will finally study truly parallel implementation of multi-paradigm languages. A study will search for primitives for concurrent computation based on graph rewriting. Implementation experiments will involve direct implementation of such primitives. Initially, task granularity and work distribution will mirror the process structures of user programs. Declarative languages have attracted considerable attention over the last decade because of their concise and powerful notation, theoretical clarity, practical benefits such as automatic heap space management, and perceived potential for exploiting implicit parallelism. The promise has yet to be realised, partly through lack of acceptable implementations and programming environments, and partly due to the difficulty of coding portions of applications which do not fit naturally into a declarative style. It can be argued that serious sequential implementations are now available. Logic programmers have a number of usable Prolog systems to choose from and many substantial programs exist. Lisp can be used declaratively, and now functional programmers are building serious systems using the New Jersey implementation of Standard ML. Those concerned to exploit lazy evaluation can use the Hope + language developed at ICSTM during the Flagship project or the Clean language [BruEL87] from the University of Nijmegen, based directly on graph rewriting principles. These systems produce code approaching the performance of corresponding algorithms programmed in C. Nevertheless, pure declarative systems are only gaining limited acceptance. A barrier may be that they either refuse to countenance non-declarative styles, or accommodate them in ways which are inelegant and/or violate the theoretical basis which made the languages attractive in the first place. Clear problems exist concerning input-output, other interactions associated with an operating system, and …


Menopause is a period of cessation of menstruation that will be experienced by all women and can not be avoided. Some symptoms of menopause will be experienced by women from mild symptoms to things that can interfere with life. As a result of changing lifestyle patterns that are relaxed, lack of movement and exercise and eating patterns that lead to a ready-to-eat dish containing fat, protein and salt but low in fiber, bring consequences to the development of degenerative diseases such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, diabetes, osteoporosis, disease coronary heart disease (CHD), and hypertension. The problems faced by partners today include the lack of knowledge about menopause, so it is considered necessary to provide counseling to provide knowledge to the elderly to overcome complaints experienced by the elderly in the face of menopause. Community service activities are carried out at the Al-Mutjahidin mosque in Jambi City. Timing in January 2018. The target is the elderly. Community service methods survey approach, lecture, discussion, demonstration / simulation. The results obtained are the elderly are able to understand about menopause. It is recommended that health workers, especially at the Puskesmas, give more information about menopause to the elderly by participating in elderly pengajianpara activities to get information about menopause and can undergo menopause well.


The importance of translation and cross-cultural issues in today's world is nothing new or strange. However, considering this importance, are the programs for translation students efficient and well designed enough to supply the market with acceptable pieces of translation after the students graduate in the field under consideration?

This article intends to give a picture of the translation programs and syllabi in Iranian universities for BA degree and presents some guidelines for their modifications to improve the program


Experimental studies of the selection of the most optimal homogenization, sample preparation procedure, and sample pressing parameters have been conducted. Reference samples were selected including eference standards with certified values of the content of elements and oxides. For enhancement of concentration ranges determined, 8 background samples with the most typical chemical composition in the STS territory were additionally selected. The content of elements in samples was certified by mass- and atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-MS and ICP-AES). Pressed pellets were prepared, a semi-quantitative X-ray fluorescent analysis (XRF analysis) of 8 samples with the known content was carried out by the 'best detection' to identify systematic discrepancies in determining compositions of samples using a destructive and non-destructive analytical technique and sample preparation.


A method for providing a channel selecting service using a virtual number and set top box for providing a broadcasting channel selecting function using a virtual number are provided to select predetermined output sources and channel/contents only by inputting the virtual number remembered by a user and enable the user to select a desired channel or contents by using the same virtual number even when a real channel number or a location of the contents is changed. By using a mapping table, channel information including an inherent identifier(channel inherent identifier) of a channel, where contents that a user will watch are provided, and a number(channel number) provided to a viewer so as to select the channel is mapped with a virtual number to be stored(S706). The channel information receives from a channel information providing server linked with a set top box through an information communication network, and stores the received information in the mapping table. A virtual number input request from a television viewer is received. A user interface screen for inputting the virtual number through a television screen is provided. If the television viewer inputs the virtual number which will be set to a specific channel inherent identifier stored in the mapping table, the inputted virtual number is received. The virtual number is mapped with the specific channel inherent identifier to be stored.


Bitto of Valchiavenna, an artisanal Italian cheese produced without the addition of any starter cultures, has been attributed a protected designation origin (PDO) cheese, but the strain composition of the natural microbial population colonizing this traditional dairy product is still unknown. To obtain preliminary information on the non starter lactic acid bacteria involved in its ripening, a total of 136 NSLAB isolates, randomly selected from MRS and M17 agar plates, were collected from three different cheese samples after 120 days of ripening. The new isolates were identified by combining PCR 16S–23S rDNA spacer analyses, partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing, species‐specific probes and colony hybridization. Eighty‐two isolates, representing 60% of the total strains selected, were homofermentative cocci: 83% of them were enterococci, with Enterococcus durans being the predominant species found. Pediococcus spp. were also isolated, together with strains of Streptococcus thermophilus. Within lactobacilli, 57% of the isolates were identified as Lactobacillus paracasei; Lact. curvatus, Lact. plantarum, Lact. fermentum, were present in a lower amount. The isolates were differentiated at strain‐level by Rep‐PCR analysis. This is the first effort to microbiological characterization of Valchiavenna's Bitto; the results suggest the possibility of preserving the wild bacterial population in order to protect the typical organoleptic characteristics of this traditional raw milk cheese and to select new strains for the dairy industry. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


A qualitative study of the experience of correctional treatment specialists working with incarcerated women and their accompanying childrenAs children living with their incarcerated parent in correctional treatment, is in Sweden a relatively undiscovered area, we wanted to examine the experience of correctional treatment specialists working with these mothers and children.The purpose of the study was to analyse and discuss the experience of correctional treatment specialists working with incarcerated mothers and their children. The purpose was also to examine and discuss how the specialists at the institution characterise their potential resources to treat and support these mothers and children.This qualitative study was conducted by collecting experience through interviews. We conducted nine semi-structured interviews with correctional treatment specialists at an institution in southern Sweden during one week. We deploy the methodology of critical hermeneutics to examine the collected data and theoretically we subscribe to the attachment theory and the principles of social pedagogy.Our major discovery is a lack of resources among correctional treatment specialists in relation to incarcerated mothers and their children. Some are concerned that the older children are under stimulated and lose the social interaction and stimulation of the outside world. Even though these concerns are not fully applied to infants, having children at the institution is in all cases motivated by the attachment theory. According to the correctional treatment specialists having children with their incarcerated mothers is better than the alternative separation between the mothers and their children.We also found that the question of having children at the institution or not, might not have been an issue if mother and child were perceived as a unit. The result clearly shows that the individual needs of the children and their mothers respectively, are not considered separately and therefore not provided for. Consequently the mothers are prevented from participating in treatment and education, reducing their penalty to preventive detention or simply "doing time". Meanwhile the older children are at risk of being under stimulated and losing out on social interaction with other children, and stimulation adapted to their needs. For infants the issue does not seem to be as great.The result also shows a lack of resources for treating and supporting mothers and children at the institution. There is a requirement among the correctional treatment specialists for a resource specialised in children and families, which would have resolved many of the issues the specialists are currently expected to manage in relation to the mothers and their children.


This article aims to analyze critically the intervention of a diocesan Bishop towards priests being involved in partisan politics in the light of can. 287 2 Code of Canon Law and various affirmations of the Churchs Magisterium, which remain relevant and actual today, with particular reference to the Indonesian context, taking into account the case of a Catholic priest who ran for office and the involvement of several priests of a certain diocese in partisan politics. The author argues that as the leader of the particular church, the diocesan bishop must protect the unity of the whole Church and as consequently, he is obliged to insist on the implementation of all ecclesiastical laws, including in connection with the prohibition on priests not to engage in partisan politics (can. 287, 2). If an individual or group of priests is found to have violated this provision, the Diocesan Bishop must intervene quickly, precisely and decisively in due time. Such an intervention can be seen as an imperative sine qua non in order to protect the identity of the priest and his mission in the world and respect the political role of the laity. The form of intervention can be a verbal warning, written warning, and some canonical sanctions. It should be noted that within the Indonesian context, the intervention like this must be taken because there can be no justification for the direct involvement of the priest in partisan politics, at least at the moment, and also its destructive effects: create tension and division among the faithful and coulddeteriorate the credibility of priests and Churchs institution.


One of the major issues in disposal of nuclear waste is that the long term behaviors of sedimentary soft rock can be affected by various environmental factors. The effects of heat generated by nuclear waste must be taken into consideration on the occasion of facilities design. The generation of unsaturated zone is also important for design because of a corrosion of overpack or influence on the recovery reduction state from oxidation state. We have conducted in-situ heating test to evaluate the influence of high temperature and unsaturated zone to the surrounding rock mass at a depth of 50 m. During the heating test, we have conducted repeated measurements of resistivity tomography to map the extent of the high temperature and unsaturated zone. The results demonstrated that the resistivity of the rock mass around a heating well decreased and this affected zone was found to gradually expand from the heated zone during the heating. Generally, resistivity of rock mass decreases when temperature increases. Measured resistivity change agreed well with that calculated by the equation using resistivity of the rock sample collected from the test site with temperature. This suggests that high temperature zone was detected by resistivity tomography. On the other hand, in the vicinity of the heating well, the measured resistivity change was smaller than that calculated. This suggests that resistivity was increased by unsaturation of rock mass in addition to the resistivity decrease by high temperature.


Some Korean terminologies related to the structures of vascular tissues in plant morphology, written differently depending upon textbooks and dictionaries, were analysed to propose properly expressed Korean terminologies. A total of 14 university textbooks such as general biology, plant biology, and plant morphology were selected and investigated. The terminologies on the xylem structures, i.e., apotracheal parenchyma, paratracheal parenchyma, tylose, and tangential (longitudinal) section; and on the pit structures i.e., simple pit, bordered pit, aspirated bordered pit, and pit aperture; and on the stelar structures, i.e., haplostele, actinostele, plectostele, and solenostele were examined. The definition and etymology of the terminologies were traced in 4 textbooks of plant anatomy and 2 dictionaries of biology and botany written in English. And then reasonably expressed Korean terminologies, mostly written in Chinese characters, were suggested. The terminologies were compared with those that appeared in the Iwanami dictionary of biology published in Japan. It was expected that the results would contribute to promote mutual understanding between teachers and students in learning plant biology.


Abstract : The semiannual Joint Integrated Fires Exercises trains Tactical Air Controller Parties (TACPs) and Forward Observers (FOs) in coordinating the delivery of ordnance from aircraft, ground artillery, and mortars. While some of the proposed training has been assessed by the National Environmental Policy Act in the past some elements are either new or were assessed as a one-time event and are now assessed in this environmental assessment. New elements include creating new mortar firing points and firing areas firing artillery into a small, high-explosive impact area, and firing ground-based, inert rockets from a new location. Elements occurring as more than a one-time event include the concurrent use of ordnance delivered by aircraft and ground units, placing TACPs and FOs in a high explosive impact area, firing artillery from drop zones, firing mortars into a small, high-explosive impact area expanding artillery-firing points, firing ground-based, inert rockets into an inert-impact range, and increasing the amount of high explosive and inert rockets fired at Avon Park Air Force Range. Environmental impacts include adverse impacts to threatened and endangered animal species.


Jujeop is a type of pun and a unique way for fans to express their love for the K-pop stars they follow using Korean. One of the unique characteristics of Jujeop is its use of exaggerated expressions to compliment K-pop stars, which contain or lead to humor. Based on this characteristic, Jujeop can be separated into four distinct types, with their own lexical collocations: (1) Fragmenting words to create a twist, (2) Homophones and homographs, (3) Repetition, and (4) Nonsense. Thus, the current study first defines the concept of Jujeop in Korean, manually labels 8.6K comments and annotates the comments to one of the four Jujeop types. With the given annotated corpus, this study presents distinctive characteristics of Jujeop comments compared to the other comments by classification task. Moreover, with the clustering approach, we proposed a structural dependency within each Jujeop type. We have made our dataset publicly available for future research of Jujeop expressions.