This paper examines the problem of language in education at the university level in Tanzania in order to address issues of teaching and educational planning in Tanzania and beyond. The written data was gathered through essay writing in formal setting at the University of Dar es Salaam. A total of 72 students participated in the study. To supplement the written data, questionnaires were administered and formal interviews were conducted. Findings show that sentence length of Tanzanian students tends to be high on account of the extensive use of co-ordination; though female students produced shorter sentences. It was found that what is claimed that university achievement might be strongly influenced by proficiency in English is questionable. It is concluded that the results from the study reported herein do not immediately suggest any simple answer to the problem felt by many people that English creates difficulties in educational systems where it is a second language.


Purpose
This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

Design
This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings
It is thought that Multinational Corporations (MNCs) in emerging nations have a weak economy, and as such want to learn from the host country of their subsidiary companies. However, it can be seen that via global staffing, rotation and extensive expatriation, cultural norms and values of the home country can be maintained and transferred. The headquarters of the Emerging MNC can use this method of control to centralize their decision-making and standardize their foreign operations. Using people as a form of control can thus impact on human resource management (HRM) practices.

Originality
The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.


This paperpresentsastudy about the robustness of the classicalIterative ClosestPoint (ICP) algorithm in the initial condition selectionusing two different point extraction methodsfrom thepoint clouds.The ICP methodallowsto register two point clouds,here extracted from two range images acquired from different view points on a samescene;registering two imagesconsistsin estimating the 3D transform (rotation and translation) betweenthe two sensorpositions. This algorithm requires (1) the selectionof some discriminant points, at first extracted from every range imagesand then matched by the ICP method; (2) an initial estimate of the transform . It is well known that this method is very sensitiveto the selectionof this initial estimate. This paper presentsan analysisabout the ICP robustnesswith respectto this selection: on several images,all possibleinitial solutions havebeenapplied in order to measurethe convergencebassin around the true solution.


Wide-field stellar photometry – the process of simultaneous comparison of apparent and catalog brightness of a large number of stars – has long been a promising method of atmospheric monitoring, as it can provide atmospheric transparency measurements with high temporal and spatial resolution without any artificial illumination of the sky which would disturb nearby optical experiments. However, only recently have we developed methods of data analysis that allow an overall uncertainty in the Vertical Aerosol Optical Depth (VAOD) better than 0.01 optical depths. Such a feat requires precise laboratory measurements of spectral and signal responses of the instruments as well as careful analysis of all systematic effects that can appear during the extraction of stellar signals from the images. We will present a summary of the method with emphasis on the reliability of the estimates of uncertainties. Furthermore, we will discuss various possible applications of the method in different modes of operation, a comparison with other methods of aerosol measurement, and a selection of open questions and areas for further improvement.


Incompletely divided cytomeres released from hepatic schizonts of L. simondi undergo prolific development in phagocytic cells of the host which become grossly hypertrophied. These infected cells together with the parasites within are termed megaloschizonts. Young megaloschizonts contain numerous round cytomeres bounded by a five-layered envelope. With further development the cytomeres expand and become invaginated. Microtubular spindles occur in dividing parasite nuclei at this stage of development. Thickenings form on the single membrane bounding the newly formed cytomeric surfaces. Electron-dense paired organelles develop adjacent to the thickenings which become the polar rings of merozoites. Abundant granular endoplasmic reticulum and numerous mitochondria with vesicular cristae are seen in the cytoplasm of invaginated cytomeres. Nuclear division by multiple fission and further cytoplasmic fragmentation continue until uninucleate merozoites are formed. Male and female merozoites can be distinguished by...


In this paper we consider the approximate realization problem for finite valued hidden Markov models i.e. stochastic processes Y=f(X) where X is a finite state Markov chain and f a many-to-one function. Given the laws p/sub Y/(/spl middot/) of Y the weak realization problem consists in finding a Markov chain X and a function f such that, at least distributionally, Y/spl sim/f(X). The approximate realization problem consists in finding X and f such that Y and f (X) are close. The approximation criterion we use is the informational divergence between properly defined. nonnegative (componentwise) matrices related to the processes. To construct the realization we apply recent results on the approximate factorization of nonnegative matrices.


Over the past decade, international trade plays an important role for Taiwan because of the scarce of natural resource. Also, the exchange rate is a crucial point. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the Taiwan-US exchange rate and the exports and imports in 10 Taiwan's major industries, for the period of January 2000 to December 2013. All the ones, and the most 10 important industries are chosen. First, I separate the 10 major industries into manufacturing and non-manufacturing sectors. My empirical results reveal that an increase in manufacturing exports would cause Taiwan-US exchange rate to appreciate. However, an increase in non-manufacturing exports would not cause Taiwan-US exchange rate to appreciate. Also, imports neither manufacturing nor non-manufacturing sector makes the exchange rate to appreciate. Second, the results of individual industry study show that an increase in exports in only industry (mining industry) would not make Taiwan-US exchange rate to appreciate, and this is because the proportion of the exports in mining industry to aggregate export is very low. Nevertheless, the increase in exports in the rest 9 industries would not make Taiwan-US exchange rate to appreciate. Besides, an increase in imports in only industry (metallic industry) would make Taiwan-US exchange rate to depreciate. But the rest the increase in imports in the rest 9 industries would not make Taiwan-US exchange rate to depreciate My paper shows that industrial policy, especially policies on promoting exports, affects the stability of exchange rate in many major industries in Taiwan. Therefore, I suggest that policy makers consider the design of the industrial policy and the exchange rate that may be caused by the policy.


It will be a double-plate slide proposed 10, which is provided for valves of industrial plants, in particular of chemical and petrochemical plants, wherein the double-plate slide valve 10 has a housing with two shut-off plates 20a, 20b comprises in the interior of the housing 11 11, between an open and a closed position are movable, being arranged between the shut-off plates 20a, 20b spring elements 25, in particular plate springs, that the shut-off plates 20a, presses 20b in the closed position against arranged on the housing 11 sealing surfaces, such that the total required for sealing sealing force provided by the spring elements 25 becomes. Moreover, a blocking plate 20 is suggested for use in an inventive double-plate slide 10, and a method for sealing a double-plate slide valve according to the invention using the shut-off according to the invention.


Two visually impaired children appeared to have unusually severe difficulty in recognising faces. They were assessed on a variety of non-face and face tasks and it became apparent that only one of them was in fact severely limited in her ability to identify people by face. A series of training programmes, some microcomputer based, was given over an eighteen month period but there was no evidence of any improvement; this is due to the particular brain injury suffered and not to any lack of general intelligence.


A series‐fed eight‐slot microstrip array antenna operating at 3.5 GHz with a cosecant‐squared shape beam is presented. The shaped radiation pattern is achieved by changing only the characteristic impedance of the series fed line between slots. The proposed antenna has a shaped‐beam with elevation coverage of 35°, a gain of 10.86 dBi, and side lobe levels less than −19 dB. Since the slots and fed strip are fabricated on a single substrate, the antenna is easy to manufacture and low cost. Experimental results demonstrate the validity of this design. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2434–2437, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23662


Humidity chamber, MariSource hatching-tray and ''Zuger'' glass funnel incubation systems were compared for hatching successes of both Cyprinus carpio and Clarias gariepinus fertilised eggs. The humidity chamber incubation system proved superior for C. carpio, whilst the MariSource hatching-tray system was better for C gariepinus. Fungal infections greatly influenced hatching results.


In order to prevent the propagation of traffic jam throughout the road network,a traffic network analysis model is built,which is based on reasonable routes taking into account both the degree of saturation and the travel time.The uncongested zone out of the central congestion layer is classified into four layers from inside to outside: control layer,guidance-and-control layer,guidance layer,and unrelated layer.These layers help reflectthe spatial distribution of network traffic states and the potential evolution trend.Finally,a case study is conducted by simulation to testify the performance of the proposed model under assigned network traffic volumes.The results show that the proportion of each layer varies with the increasing traffic volume,and the congestion in congested zone tends to propagates throughout the whole network.During peak hours,the proportion of the above four layers is20%,5%,10%,10%,respectively.Within each layer,the link bearing a higher degree of saturation has a more influence on the congested zone.


the anterior neck was suggestive of Casal's necklace, characteristic of this disease. We could considerer dermatomyositis as the patient had a polymyositis for years, but the clinical picture, namely the absence of heliotrope rash, Gottron papules, periungual telangiectasias or cuticular changes ruled out that diagnosis. The patient also had diarrhea, which in addition to the cutaneous findings and the low level of vitamin B3 contributed to the diagnosis of pellagra. Additional testing precluded other diagnoses, namely photo-dermatoses such as lupus erythematosus and porphyria. We believe that azathioprine was the cause of pellagra, taking into account that it was the only medication that is known to interfere in the niacin pathway. We also excluded the other causes for pellagra. This patient also experienced another side-effect of azathioprine – medullary aplasia – which was the foremost condition contributing to death. Though very rare, there are reported cases of pancytopenia after years of treatment with azathioprine. Aside from the presence of malnutrition and chronic alcoholism, pellagra must be recognized in other clinical settings, namely when drugs interfering with niacin metabolism are present. It is an easily treated condition if timely recognized.


The invention provides high-elongation Si-Al alloy. The high-elongation Si-Al alloy comprises the following components: Si, Cu, Mg, Mn, Ti, Sr, Zr, Cr, Fe, B, V, Zn, Re, Sn, Pb, Li, Ni, La and Al, of which the total mass percent is 100%. Ductile cast iron comprises various nonmetal, metal and transition metal elements, and owing to adding and cooperation of the elements, the oxidation resistance, the corrosion resistance, the abrasiveness and the shock and compression resistance of an air-conditioning compressor cylinder are improved, and accordingly, the service life of the air-conditioning compressor cylinder under severe working conditions is prolonged.


Seed production of residual weed populations needs to be taken into account when estimating the long-term impact of low-input agronomic practices. The objective of this study was to measure the effects and interactions of crop, weed control, tillage practice and nutrient source on the seed production of the dominant residual weed species in a maize/soyabean rotation at two sites: Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv, on a Sainte-Rosalie clay and Chenopodium album L. on a Duravin clay loam. Seed production per unit area was estimated in each experimental unit. Weed seed production was greater under mechanical weed control compared with chemical weed control. In 1997, E. crus-galli seed production reached over 326 000 seeds m -2 in mechanical weed control treatments, but averaged less than 500 seeds m 2 in the chemical weed control treatments. Chenopodium album produced in the range of 766 000 and 73 000 seeds m 2 in mechanical and chemical weed control treatments respectively. Very few or no weed seeds were produced in soyabean under chemical control. Tillage intensity and nutrient source did not affect seed production of either weed species, with the exception that E. erus-galli produced more seeds in chisel than in mouldboard plough tillage in soyabean. Weed control method had more impact on seed production than tillage intensity and nutrient source in a maize/ soyabean rotation.


The information conveyed by the mass media is sometimes not delivered in a balanced and proportional manner, especially related to religious issues. Government policies in overcoming religious problems are also often under the spotlight, because they are considered unable to solve social problems. This can have a negative impact on the community, especially among high school students who are in the search of self-identity. In this situation, a high school student is very easily influenced by thoughts and understanding of religion, so that it is possible that there will be a radical attitude. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of information in the mass media and government policies on religious life and its impact on the radical attitude of high school students in West Jakarta. The study found that information in the mass media and government policies had strong and significant influences on religious beliefs and had an impact on the radical attitude of high school students in West Jakarta. For this reason, it is recommended that mass media convey accurate and balanced information about religious issues, hence the public, especially high school students, can obtain true and transparent information. In addition, the government is expected to make policies that can solve fundamental problems that exist among the society.


Twenty-eight species of Pselaphinae have been collected at the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest: Sonoma cascadia Chandler, Sonoma conifera Chandler, Sonoma hespera Park and Wagner, Sonoma margemina Park and Wagner, Sonoma olycalida Park and Wagner, Sonoma parviceps (Maklin), Mayetia smithi (Schuster), Oropus cavicauda Casey, Oropus micropthalmus Chandler, Oropus striatus (LeConte), Euboarhexius sinus Grigarick and Schuster, Trisignis marshi Park and Schuster, Abdiunguis fenderi Park and Wagner, Oropodes dybasi Grigarick and Schuster, Euplecterga norstelcha Grigarick and Schuster, Euplectus silvicolus Chandler, Actium barri Park and Wagner, Actium microphthalmum Park and Wagner, Actium retractum Casey, Cupila excavata Park and Wagner, Batrisodes albionicus (Aube), Reichenbachia fusticornis Casey, Lucifotychus cognatus (LeConte), Lucifotychus dentatus (Grigarick and Schuster), Lucifotychus impellus Park and Wagner, Lucifotychus stellatus (Grigarick and Schuster), Pselaptrichus intimus Schuster and Marsh, and Pselaptrichus rothi Park. Twelve other species known from the Cascade Mountains of Oregon are included in a key to the species of this area. Species richness and abundance are discussed for the sixteen species taken during a two-year study of a series of sites representing different ages in a forest succession and plant associations/habitats. For drier sites species richness and abundance increase with the age of the forest; for moderately wet sites species richness is slightly higher for the youngest sites; and for the wettest sites species richness remains similar while abundance increases sharply after the herb stage and is similar for the older successional stages. Two species, O. micropthalmus and A. microphthalmum, both with small eyes, are most abundant in the tree and old-growth stages, and A. microphthalmum is clearly most abundant in old-growth forests. The species characteristic of old-growth or early successional stages are noted, as well as those typical of high or low elevations in the Cascade Mountains.


In recent years, there have been frequent scandals of financial information falsification in listed companies, independent directors have been held jointly and severally liable for large sums of money, and the recent wave of resignations of independent directors has led to extensive consideration by scholars. This paper is based on a comparison of the resignations of Kangmei Pharmaceutical and a comparative analysis of the resignations of independent directors of two companies, Dalian Shengya and Shougang Hotel. It is concluded that the correlation between disclosure quality ratings and independent director resignations is negative. It can therefore be inferred that the level of disclosure practiced by listed corporations is a decisive factor in the resignation of independent directors, which leads to further recommendations on the system of independent directors.


Hydrophilic submicron magnetic polymeric particles were prepared using inverse microemulsion polymerization process. Firstly, the magnetic properties of iron oxide nanoparticles elaborated were examined using X-ray diffraction and magnetization analysis of the chemical structure and the magnetic properties, respectively. The results obtained using stoichiometric precipitation of FeCl2 and FeCl3 revealed the magnetite iron oxide properties. Secondly, various magnetic polymeric latexes were prepared by investigating the effect of surfactant (AOT) concentration, the amount of cross-linker (MBA), the initiator nature and the microemulsion elaboration methodology. The colloidal characterization of the final magnetic polymeric latexes revealed to be submicronic in size, spherical in morphology, containing 5–23wt% iron oxide and superparamagnetic in character. r 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


This paper explores the way in which photographs operated as exchange objects within the interpretative community of emerging anthropological practice in the second half of the nineteenth century. Photographs became socially salient objects, enmeshed with a visual economy which reflected complex and wide – reaching scientific and social networks. At the same time, shifts in collecting interests and the scientific value accorded to certain kinds of images emerges as another way of tracing disciplinary shifts within anthropology. The study of history of collecting suggests that the « anthropological archive », which has in recent years been a privileged site of critique, was more ambiguous, nuanced and complex than such an homogenising model suggests. Although concentrating on British material, the paper presents an approach also applicable within other national or colonial traditions.


This paper provides a discussion of Virtual Teams and possible ways of predicting their effectiveness. The motivation for carrying out this research was to determine if there was a way of quantifying why Virtual Teams used in a particular company was proving to be very effective. A brief literature review of the topic of Virtual Teams and Virtual Team communication, as well as an overview of different Communication Models is provided. A case study is presented of a particular company (called DevCo Software Development as a pseudonym for the sake of confidentiality). In the case study the results of two online surveys are presented and discussed. One survey was sent to all the employees within the Labs Department and another sent to only the Virtual Team members of a specific Virtual Team within the Labs Department. The case study concludes with an analysis of relevant aspects of the company culture and the effect it appears to have on the way the employees use technology and the effect of this on Virtual Team success.


Introduction Alginate is a polysaccharide forming a gel in the presence of calcium ions. In the previous study [1], the calcium alginate gel obtained by the dialysis of an aqueous solution of sodium alginate into a calcium chloride solution was shown to be anisotropic exhibiting birefringence. In the present study, microscopic structure of the anisotropic alginate gel was studied by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS).


An environment is described which aims to facilitate language growth within a language unit. One child's progress is recorded with discussion of which of the child's needs could be met by this environment. It is proposed that the significant progress made by the child is largely due to the interactive child-centred environment created within the classroom.


We describe a three‐stage procedure to analyze the dependence of Poisson Boltzmann calculations on the shape, size and geometry of the boundary between solute and solvent. Our study is carried out within the boundary element formalism, but our results are also of interest to finite difference techniques of Poisson Boltzmann calculations. At first, we identify the critical size of the geometrical elements for discretizing the boundary, and thus the necessary resolution required to establish numerical convergence.


In order to decrease the design complexity of software and to enhance the control stability and accuracy of distributed feedback laser′s emitting wavelength,a temperature controller for semiconductor laser used in gas detection was developed,which includes digital signal processor,temperature setting circuit,temperature sampling circuit,analog proportion-integration-differential circuit,thermal electric colling control circuit,etc.A wavelength-tunable distributed feedback laser centered at 1 860nm used for humidity detection was driven using the proposed temperature controller.Experimental results indicate that,the control scale on temperature is 10℃~50℃,the accuracy is±0.05℃,and the temperatureestablished time is less than 60s;with different driving current and temperature supplied by the system,the operation wavelength of the laser shows good tuning characteristics;the four spectral curves from four days′measurements almost coincide with each other,demonstrating stable performances of the controller.


A massive landslide was triggered on 19 May 2017 at Vishnuprayag near Joshimath, Uttarakhand, India. The landslide blocked the Rishikesh–Badrinath highway and halted traffic for about 24 h till the debris was removed and the road reopened. The Hathi Pahar hill in Vishnuprayag has been a landslide-prone zone because of the presence of loose boulders and large rock blocks on very steep slopes. The site was visited immediately after the landslide and a rapid field assessment of slope stability was carried out. The stability analysis was performed with limited geological and geotechnical data collected from field and laboratory. Based on the two-dimensional finite element analysis, it was inferred that the slope is marginally stable under static load, but fails under seismic loading. The slope could fail in future due to triggering factors such as heavy rainfall, earthquake and anthropogenic activities. This communication presents field observations and the subsequent stability analysis along with possible suggestive control measures.


In order to generate the virtual environment of a missile training system,the modeling technique of a large area terrain and proceedings that should be noted were discussed.The level of details(LOD) and reducing polygon count were applied to improve database's real-time display performance.The terrain database of a missile position was created.The database is fine and realistic,and can meet the need of the missile virtual training system.


Inverse Response plus Time Delay (IRPTD) processes are frequently encountered in process industry and are difficult to identify and control. In this paper, a systematic approach for identification of IRPTD process using relay feedback test at the stable oscillation condition is proposed. The model structure is identified using the shape information and the model parameters are estimated by solving the analytical expressions using boundary conditions. A single run of relay feedback test is carried out to estimate all the process parameters without any prior information. Since the identification is done using the information obtained at the stable oscillating condition, the difficulty faced to capture the initial data from the relay test can be alleviated. A procedure to identify the IRPTD process in the presence of measurement noise is also presented. The proposed method uses hysteresis relay feedback test in the presence of measurement noise for estimating the parameters of IRPTD process. The results thus obtained can be used subsequently for autotuning.


A two‐part method is proposed for optimizing treatment levels in cancer therapy. The first part makes use of a treatment characteristic (TC) curve as a graphical method for summarizing the responses of normal and tumor tissue to therapy. For treatment responses that are cumulative normal, the TC curve, formed by plotting the probit probability of ablation against the probit probability of complication, is a straight line whose slope is the ratio of standard deviations of the two responses and whose position measures the relative sensitivity of the cancer and normal tissue. TC lines are completely defined by studying a homogeneous group of patients at two treatment levels within the same protocol. In the second part of the method, all possible outcomes of therapy are assigned costs or weights. This assignment converts the probit TC line into an expected loss function which estimates the effectiveness of therapy. The minimum of this function locates the optimum probabilities of ablation and complication and is the best therapy, given the therapist's cost structure, the protocol, and the class of patients being studied.


The European Solar Engineering School ESES is a one-year masters program that started in 1999 at the Solar Energy Research Center SERC, Dalarna University College. It has been growing in popularity ...


A method of contacting two or more immiscible liquid, a reactant passage [26] having a characteristic cross-sectional diameter [11] in the range 0.2 to 15 millimeters along the longitudinal direction , in turn, two or more inlets for entry of reactants [a, B, or a, B1], the first characterized by having a form or structure that induces a degree of mixing in fluids passing therethrough mixer passage portion [38] of at least 0.1 ml volumes and substantially smooth and continuous first dwell time passage portion [40] which is characterized by having a form or structure and each additional corresponding immediately after each dwell time passage portion [46] is followed by that one or more additional mixer passage portion [44] integrated heat acceleration microstructures fluid device having a reactant passage [26] with a Provides 10], two or more immiscible liquid will have the steps of flowing the reactant passage, two or more immiscible liquid, all the flow of these two or more immiscible liquid There method flows to more than one inlet [a, B, or a, B1] to flow the first mixer passage portion [38] have been disclosed. Integrated device capable of performing this method [10] is also disclosed.


The present work is to study the effect of damage on the vibration performance of composite laminates.The use of composite materials to helicopter blades implements the optimization design of blades,improves the aero-dynamical performance of airfoils,and greatly increases the lifespan of blades.So composite materials will be widely used in helicopter blades.Vibration tests and theoretical analysis were carried out on the composite laminates made of three kinds of composites G827/3234,G803/3234 and G814/3234.The effect of the laminte material and ply sequence of the composite laminates on the vibration performance was obtained.Then the vibration performance of the laminates with a hole or delamination damage was studied.It is shown that the results of theoretical analysis are consistent with the experiment results,which proves the validity of the model.The study results are of value for the damage tolerance analysis and design of the helicopter composite rotor blades.


The article analyses non-documentary burqa pictures that have been published on the internet. A burqa is understood in the article to mean a cloak that has a mesh for seeing through and covers almost all of the woman's body. The burqa is a specific form of veiling, but is distinctly different from most of the other forms of head cover or female dress in Muslim cultures. Pictures of burqas can be found on the internet especially in relation to the defeated Taliban regime of Afghanistan. However, the spectrum of pictures of burqas on the internet is wider than this. The article discusses whether the images reproduce the burqa as a symbol of women's oppression and subordination and how such meanings are made with the pictorial material. The article focuses on examining non-documentary pictures from such perspectives as representations of the body and relations between the East and the West. The reason for choosing these themes is that whereas the documentary pictures of the burqa on the internet make the body simultaneously nearly invisible, but significant, many of the non-documentary pictures of burqas create an intertextual setting for the pictorial analysis and make the body an object of significance. The embodiment in the pictures of burqas can be interpreted within the context of western gender discourse, to which the concealing burqa is in a troubled relationship. Although the pictures of burqas easily symbolically maintain categorical conceptions of women's subordination, non-documentary pictures are used in order to criticize western politics and their use of cultural stereotypes. Such pictures are ambivalent and this makes their absolute interpretation troubled, although the symbolism of subordination associated with the burqa may remain unchanged. Unresolved ambivalence of representations opens, however, a space for critical questioning of cultural stereotypes.


The generalized Born (GB) solvation model is a simple dielectric model for the calculation of molecular electrostatic solvation energies. There are two distinct steps in the model: the calculation of Born radii from self-energies, and the calculation of interaction energies using an interpolation formula, such as Still's equation. The first step, the calculation of the Born radii, has been solved to high-accuracy in recent work by this author and others [M. S. Lee, F. R. Salsbury Jr, and M. A. Olson, J. Comput. Chem. 25, 1967 (2004)], so that the errors in the interpolation formula need to be considered to further improve GB theory. We examine the errors in the interpolation formula by calculating Born radii and atomic interaction energies using Poisson theory, and determining the errors associated with Still's equation. We then verify that a slight modification reduces the error in the interaction energies. We also explore alternative formulations of Still's equation, and the combinations rules for Born radii. We conclude that the Gaussian portion of Still's equation should be modified. Although additional generalizations of Still's equation do not further reduce the errors inherent to generalized Born theory substantially, there is considerable flexibility in the form of the interpolation equations which can be used in GB theory.


Modularity innovation ideas in Drucker's management thought occupies an important position.Hierarchical organization and Drucker's sense of the market center is incompatible,so innovation of organizational modularity of the "small combined fleet" is imperative;and information technical development alleviates the message pressure from organizational growth,but it can not solve the problem fundamentally,its significance lies in the provision of technical prerequisite for modularity innovation.As a leading resource of organizational innovation,the rise of knowledge-based economy requires organization structure and management models to make the appropriate changes.The network value collaboration among each sub-module marks the eventual formation of modular organization.


A parametric study of a system dedicated to non-coherent UV emission, by means of DBD excilamps, supplied by a controlled square shape current source is proposed. The presentation highlights on the one hand the performances experimentally obtained by combining together a set of 20 different bulbs with different diameters, gap and wall thicknesses (all the bulbs have the same length and are filled with the same Xe-Cl gas mixture), with different electrical power supplying conditions: magnitude, frequency (in the 30 kHz – 200 kHz range) and duty cycle of the square shape current pulses injected into the bulb. The performances concern the average UV power, the efficiency of the bulb conversion (electrical power to UV) and the adjustability of the power. On the second hand, we present design considerations of the power supply which has been especially developed for the purpose of these experiments.


The objective of the proposed research is to evaluate hypersaline brines from geothermal sources and salt domes as possible sources for some strategic metals. This research is suggested because several previous analyses of brine from geothermal wells in the Imperial Valley, California, and from Gulf Coast salt domes, indicate near commercial values for platinum as well as other metals (i.e., gold, silver). Extraction of the platinum should be technically feasible. A research program should include more complete systematic sampling and analysis for resource delineation, followed by bench-scale investigation of several potential extraction processes. This could be followed by engineering feasibility and design studies, for extraction of the metals either as a by-product of other operations or in a stand-alone process.


To a certain extent, a structural study is good enough to comprehend the very substance of a literary work. Given the above thesis, the researcher attempted to conduct a structural research on Roll of Thunder Hear My Cry (ROTHMC), an African-American novel, using actantial and functional structure analysis. This study aimed at comprehending the basic framework of the story that leads to the revelation of the plot and relations between characters, which indicated the African-American protagonist's struggle to challenge white supremacy. Method used in the research was descriptive qualitative. Results found that the protagonist was David Logan, an African-American independent farmer that had an ambition to free African-American community from white people's repressions. It was also found that the ambition and dream of David Logan about African-American freedom and independence and his awareness on the repression toward African-American people (Sender) has made him struggled to make African-American or African-American become a free race with dignity in the United States, where land and other things at the time was dominated by White people. Meanwhile, the functional analysis showed the plot structure of ROTHMC, which was centered on the struggles of David Logan and the family to challenge white supremacy.


Department of Polymer & Textile Engineering, Hanyang University, Haengdang-dong, Sungdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, KoreaReceived May 18, 2004Key Words : Dicyanopyrazine, meso-Porphyrin, Absorption spectra, Q-bandThe basic structure of porphyrin consists of four pyrroleunits linked by four methine bridges. This indicates that thecyclic 16-atom is the preferred cyclic system for π-electrondelocalization since this pathway exhibits the highest degreeof bond equalization. Porphyrins and related tetrapyrrolicpigments occur widely in nature, and they play veryimportant roles in various biological processes. A largenumber of porphyrin derivatives have been synthesized forthe purpose of molecular recognition.


A bimetallic Cu(ii) complex as a novel antitumor chemodynamic therapy agent with glutathione (GSH) depletion properties is successfully synthesized and well characterized. In tumor cells, the Cu2+ ions of the complex are reduced to Cu+ ions by GSH and then catalyzed by the overexpressed H2O2 to generate highly cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) that kill cancer cells. The complex is quickly taken up by cancer cells and distributed in multiple organelles including mitochondria and the nucleus. The complex demonstrates good cytotoxicity toward various cancer cell lines. However, its toxicity toward normal cells is significantly lower than that toward cancer cells due to the limited expression of H2O2. In addition, the complex could arrest the cell cycle of the G0/G1 phase, thereby inducing apoptosis rather than necrosis.


A wide variety of diseases affect the hands in children and adolescents, ranging from relatively static congenital structural abnormalities to progressively destructive inflammatory conditions including juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Measuring the natural history of such conditions, and the clinical utility of the surgical or pharmacological treatment, requires standardised, age appropriate hand function assessment tools, but there are relatively few of these available. The aim of our research programme was to develop and evaluate a new standardised hand function assessment tool, the PizzaPutty™ test, in a cohort of subjects with a wide range of hand conditions including congenital hand deformities, inherited metabolic diseases and juvenile idiopathic arthritis with evidence of upper limb involvement. Here we present the initial development details and preliminary evaluation of test feasibility and acceptability in a cohort of children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.


Conventional CNC system is no longer suited to modern manufacturing system, reconfigurable CNC system has become the research focus recently. This paper introduces a new reconfigurable Fieldbus-based CNC system with an open architecture that offers interoperability and portability, presents the Mechatrolink-II fieldbus for the CNC system, analyses the implementation by adopting component models in detail, and explicates the CML mechanism for components communication management. Finally, a comparative experiment based on a 4-axis CNC system has been carried out to exhibit the reconfigurable CNC system based on fieldbus.


The village fund policy is implemented to improve infrastructure development, community development and empowerment towards a prosperous village. However, the management of village funds did not meet expectations, due to lack of community participation in supervision. The purpose of this study is to analyze the mismanagement of village funds using a policy evaluation perspective. This research emphasizes the approach qualitative- evaluative, to explain the phenomena found in the field. This study found that mismanagement of village fund was not only caused by weak supervision and low human resources  but  also  caused  by  the  dominant,  undemocratic  and  oligarchic  aspects  of leadership  which  had  implications  for  the  powerlessness  of  village  actors  in  managing village funds in accordance with procedures, accountability, and transparency. Moreover, the formulation stage of the policy on the use of village funds is only a formality so that the power of the leader (the Village Head) cannot be implemented in the ethics of public administration and good governance.


still brings up some interesting ideas, including the basic question I would ask, which is 'do we need high security hospitals, as distinct from prisons?' or rather, given that such a high proportion of the people in prison have diagnosable mental disorders, why should most prisons not be recognised, de jure, as hospitals – places for psychiatric treatment as well as for incarceration? All in all then, an interesting set of books picked out from those that publishers happened to have sent us, rather than specially selected. As such, I noticed some obvious omissions:


Super-exponential warp factors have been proposed in the context of two-brane models to solve the gauge hierarchy problem of scales by using a compactification scale of the same order of the fundamental Planck scale, completely eliminating the hierarchy between the electroweak and the Planck scales. However, most of the so far studied families of braneworlds with super-exponential warp factors do not localize 4D gravity when one of the branes is sent to infinity. Recently a braneworld model generated by a canonical scalar field $\phi$ minimally coupled to 5D gravity with a bulk cosmological constant was shown to localize 4D gravity and to be stable under linear tensorial and scalar perturbations. Here we present an explicit new solution for the latter braneworld configuration and study the dynamics of its tensorial perturbations: we find that they obey a Schr\"odinger-like equation with a well potential which possesses exponentially increasing walls (we call it the {\it cup potential}), yielding a {\it novel discrete spectrum} for the massive Kaluza-Klein (KK) tensorial excitations, despite the non-compact nature of the fifth dimension, and in contrast to the braneworld models proposed so far, where the mass spectrum of the KK modes is continuous, or at most mixed. Finally, the corrections to Newton's law coming from these massive KK modes are computed. Their novelty arises from the fact that these {\it KK excitations possess quantized masses and are bound to the brane}, however, they are all of the Planck mass order, leading to unreachable energy scales from the phenomenological viewpoint.


Abstract : The voltage losses that accompany the cycling of NiCd satellite cells are studied under a variety of operational conditions. The recovery of these losses through reconditioning procedures involving complete cell discharge is also examined. The results indicate that the voltage losses arise from a combination of thermodynamic and kinetic changes in the Ni electrode and that these changes result from a solid-state phase transformation in the Ni electrode active material.


We present results from vehicle to vehicle RF propagation measurements centered at 900 MHz. We focus on determining delay spread probability distribution parameters (in particular the Rician K factor) and path loss rates. Our results are discussed with implications for the use of RF communication between automobiles in Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS). Our paper consists of a description of the IVHS concept along with a brief overview of wireless propagation theory. We then discuss our measured parameters with respect to implementing an RF transmission system between vehicles.<<ETX>>


Abstract Informed by communication accommodation theory, this study aims to examine whether and how speakers of World Englishes manage the issue of intelligibility in intercultural communication and to reveal the socio-psychological reasons for any speech changes that occur. The article contrasts two topic-prompted conversations that a male Indian English teacher engages in with a Chinese colleague and an Indian colleague respectively at a university in China. The results of the investigation show that when a person communicates in English with someone speaking another English variety, he can be self-motivated to seek common ground to manage the issue of intelligibility while reserving speech differences to maintain a distinctive identity. Based on the findings, this article ends with suggestions for English teaching and learning as well as further studies on World Englishes within the framework of communication accommodation theory.


Interlocking container (1) adjustable in height, comprising a housing (2) applicable to a vehicle chassis and a clamping element (3) adjustable in different height positions relative to the housing (2), where in clamping element (3) is arranged a hinge pin (4) which can be implanted into a locking fitting of a container, the holding element (3) can be used at choice in a position predetermined in the housing (2) height, characterized in that the clamping element (3) comprises elements (6a-c) arranged one above the other, which are spaced at different height positions and in each case can be brought into engagement with at least one complementary element (7a, 7b) of the housing (2) and that the clamping element (3) is structured in two parts and comprises a superstructure (12) and a clamping plate (13), wherein the superstructure (12) supports the two elements of binding superiore s (6a, 6b) and the clamping plate (13) the bottom tie element (6c).


The influence of hormones and biology on behavior is a topic that is rife with controversy, especially when it comes to sexual hormones. There is even more murkiness when it comes to the topic of menstruation and knowledge about women's menstrual cycles. Recent research on this topic have seen a link between the hormonal fluctuations during menstrual cycles and various behavioral implications on competition, cooperation, and risk behavior. This study tries to expand existing knowledge by examining whether there is a link between hormonal fluctuations during menstrual cycles and risk preferential behavior using economic experiments in the largely understudied context of Sierra Leone. I also attempt to quantify the impact of stigma around menstruation on selfreported personal well-being indices. Deviating from existing literature, I find that the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle has a significant effect on risk preferential behavior. Additionally, there is a significant relationship between menstruation and overall personal wellbeing.


T he adaptive local deconvolution method (ALDM) (9) provides as ystematic framework for the implicit large-eddy simulation (ILES) of turbulent flows. Exploiting numerical truncation errors, the subgrid scale (SGS) model of ALDM is implicitly contained within the discretization. An explicit computation of model terms therefore becomes unnecessary. Subject of the present paper is a modification of the numerical algorithm that allows for reducing the amount of computational operations without a!ecting the quality of the results. Computational results for isotropic turbulence and plane channel flow show that the simplified adaptive local deconvolution (SALD) method performs similarly to the original method ALDM and at least as well as established explicit models.


Web log mining is based on data mining techniques to analyze and manage the logs on server for finding out the similar customers group,relevant Web pages and the frequent visiting paths etc.Its purpose is to work out the visiting mode of the customers through the actions when they access the Web system.Based on the theory and technology of Web log mining,it mainly focused on how to put the improved apriori algorithm into the application of Web log mining and raised a new method of Web log mining based on the algorithm.The result proves the effectiveness of the algorithms.


This article compares the European tendency toward 'conflict negotiation' with the USA's 'conflict resolution/ elimination' approach to terrorism. Historical/social experiences, political strategies and arsenal sizes impact their different perspectives on terrorism that also impact their different approach to managing Islamic terrorist threats. In the European Union, the Islamic threat is perceived differently from country to country. On the other hand, the USA generates a uniform ideological perspective. The USA has the military and diplomatic resources to fight for its interests abroad while also practicing isolationism in the homeland. Because of its close proximity to the Middle East, its greater sensitivity to cultural differences in the area, its large, relatively unintegrated Muslim population and limited military resources, Europe is more willing to pursue a mixed strategy of appeasement and aggression within the homeland. Language: en


Objective To observe the efficacy of acupuncture therapy on the respiratory function of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) patients at stable phase.Methods Thirty-three stable COPD patients were randomly divided into acupuncture group(N =18) and placebo-acupuncture group(N =15).During the treatment,one case in acupuncture group and one case in placebo-acupuncture group dropped out.The illness state of both groups was controlled by pulmonary rehabilitation treatment with conventional drugs and aerobic exercise training.And additionally,the treatment group was given acupuncture on acupoints of Shanzhong,Rugen(bilateral),Yingchuang(bilateral),Tianshu(bilateral),Zhongwan and Guanyuan,and the placeboacupuncture group was given placebo acupuncture on the same acupoints as those of the treatment group.The acupuncture was performed once every other day,and treatment lasted 14 times for six weeks.Before and after intervention,we investigated the changes of clinical symptoms scores,COPD quality of life(QOL) scores,6mininute walking distance(6-MWD),pulmonary function indexes such as the percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1 %),the percentage of forced vital capacity(FVC%),the ratio of FEV1 to FVC(FEV1/FVC),and maximum voluntary ventilation(MVV) in COPD patients at stable phase.Results Significant differences were showed between the two groups in the difference of pre-intervention and post intervention 6-MWD,FEV1/FVC,FEV1 % and MVV(P 0.05 or P 0.01).The total scores of clinical symptoms,and scores of main clinical symptoms,and overall symptoms after intervention in the acupuncture group were similar to those in the placebo-acupuncture group(P0.05),but the total scores in both groups after intervention differed from those before intervention(P0.05 or P 0.01).The total COPD-QOL scores,and the dimension scores of daily life and depression in the acupuncture group after intervention differed from those before intervention(P 0.05 or P 0.01),but the total COPD-QOL scores and the dimension scores remained unchanged in placebo-acupuncture group(P 0.05).For the pulmonary function,significant differences were showed in FEV1/FVC,FEV1 and MVV of acupuncture group before and after intervention(P 0.05 or P0.01).MVV in the placebo-acupuncture group was improved after intervention(P0.01 compared with that before intervention),and the other indexes remained unchanged(P 0.05).6-MWD was obviously improved in acupuncture group after intervention(P0.01 compared with that before intervention),while the improvement was not obvious in placebo-acupuncture group(P 0.05).The results of correlation analysis showed that 6-MWD was negatively correlated with the total scores of COPD-QOL(P 0.05),and was positively correlated with FVC%,FEV1 % and MVV.Conclusion Acupuncture therapy can improve the respiratory function of COPD patients at stable phase.


Abstract : The Lenin Prize for 1964 was presented to Associate Member of the AN SSSR Bentsion Vul and a large group of coworkers for the development of a gallium-arsenide semiconductor laser. The semiconductor laser is almost 100% efficient and its microminiature size holds great promise for use in computers to achieve speeds of tens of billions of operations per second. Direct communication over distances of several light years is considered possible with the use of lasers. Satellites carrying a laser could be easily seen and accurately tracked both day and night. Applications of lasers in radio, telephone and television communications and in chemistry are mentioned. Quantum techniques make possible a construction of clocks accurate to one second in ten thousand years which could be used to conduct relativity experiments. Use of the laser beam as a metal working and surgical tool is mentioned. Long distance, high-efficiency transmission of energy by laser beam, especially in space where the absorbing and scattering effects of the atmosphere are avoided, is considered absolutely essential in the conquest of space. Direct conversion of matter into energy without explosion is possible using quantum devices. Quantum engines may utilize solar energy during space flight. (Author)


The fractal curve is proposed as a novel scanning-path used in Layered Manufacturing.Aiming at a limitation that the fractal curve can only fill a square region,a method is developed to realize the trimming of fractal curve in arbitrary boundary layer by means of undging intersection points between parameterized arbitrary boundary and a FASS(space-filling,self-avoiding,simple and self-similar)fractal curve.Accordingly,the related algorithm concerning with determining intersection points has been investigated according to the recursion reature of the fractal curve,and in the process of the fractal curve traversed,the rule of udging intersection points is ascertained as well,so that the laser-scanning beam can "walk" along the fractal curve inside the desired boundary,and arbitrary contour components are fabricated.


Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in addition to inflammation in gastric mucosa and much mortality may progress to gastric cancer. Gastric cancers like many other cancers have a multistage process and cause obvious changes in environmental, genetic and epigenetic factors. Polymorphism in promoter region of CDH1 gene has been associated with reduced E-cadherin protein expression. It has been proposed that H. pylori infection may cause multiple nucleotide changes in CDH1 gene. Aimed: We evaluated the association between -160 (C>A) CDH1 gene polymorphism with H. pylori infection in Kurdish population. Methods: A total of 162 biopsies taken from non-ulcer dyspepsia patients were classified as H.pylori infected and H.pylori uninfected. All previous diagnoses confirmed pathologically and molecularly. Polymorphism in -160(C>A) CDH1 was evaluated by PCR- RFLP. Results: Infection with H. pylori was found in 67% of patients. H. pylori infection was more frequently found in biopsies with the -160C/A genotype than those with the -160C/C (P value = 0.01). Conclusion: 160C/A genotype might require H. pylori infection to promote the inactivation of CDH1. This suggests that H. pylori infection might affect gastric cancer (GC) in an initial stage. (Abbas Ahmadi, Farid Zandi, Alireza Gharib, Neda Menbari, Javad Hosseini, Mohammad Abdi, Akbar Jalili, Mohammad Nazir Menbari, Relationship Between Polymorphism in Promoter Region of E-Cadherin (Cdh1) Gene and Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Kurdish Population of Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(12s): 552-556) (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 90


The paper summarizes the achievements on the researches of the barometric waves, minute barometric wave occurred when highspeed trains passing in and out tunnels, the formation mechanism, calculation method, experiment method as well as the solutions for reducing barometric wave, i.e., choosing larger tunnel profile, reducing obstruction ratio,and constructing affiliated structures to release barometric wave. There are some problems existing in the research concerning the improper theoretical analysis and high actual costs. An analysis system for aerodynamics of highspeed train has been set up for further research. After the comparison between numerical simulation and preliminary experiment results, it is found that the two match well. It shows that the experiment system functions normal, meeting the demand of experiment and research on highspeed train.


This paper examines the selected domain of agricultural statistics in India, and how it causes the sub-optimal measurements in national accounts statistics. The agriculture sector has a major role in GDP and also provides more than half of the total workforce their livelihood. Many of the state economies depend on agricultural-based activities. Hence, it is crucial to check the reliability of agricultural statistics and its correct measurement in national accounts for the correct valuation of the economy. The paper discusses the evolution of national accounts statistics in India and its embedment with the agriculture sector. The paper further discusses the statistics related to the land use and yield of crops and, - the method and sources used to collect this data. It also discusses the gap of checking the agricultural database and the challenges in the methodology used to estimate the sector contribution in national accounts


Abstract Agricultural zoning and land use restrictions are long-standing approaches for controlling non-agricultural development. Agricultural landowners may contest agricultural zoning if they expect zoning to reduce land prices on restricted land. However, it is common to find agricultural landowners on both sides of this issue. A prevailing economic explanation for variation in landowner support is that the price effect of zoning varies across land parcels and therefore, zoning may increases the value of some lands zoned for agricultural use. In this paper, we provide an additional explanation for variation in agricultural landowner support. We use the concepts of net buyers and net sellers of land to suggest that the utility effect of changing land prices depends on an agricultural landowner's position in the agricultural land market. Hence, even in situations where all agricultural landowners expect zoning to reduce agricultural land prices, some subset of agricultural landowners – i.e., net buyers – may benefit. Survey data from agricultural landowners is used to model the probability that an agricultural landowner will support agricultural zoning


【Objective】This study aimed to investigate whether LH could regulate reproductive activity through the effect on caudal mesenteric ganglion(CMG)of female goat.【Method】Caudal mesenteric ganglions were taken from five healthy adult female goats.The caudal mesenteric ganglions were made into 7μm serial paraffin section after fixed by paraformaldehyde and embedded by paraffin.Immunohistochemical SP method was adopted to observe the distribution of LH receptor(LHR)in caudal mesenteric ganglion of female goats.【Result】All the neurons in CMG responded positively to LHR,and most of these substances showed moderately positive expression while minor were strong positive.LHR immunoreactive substances mainly distributed in membrane and cytoplasm of neurons,but the nucleus were negative to LHR.However,in supporting cells and nerve fibers,weakly positive expression was observed.Significantly higher relative expression of LHR was observed in neurons(7.057±0.797)compared to that in other non-nerve cells(1.497±0.690)(P0.01).【Conclusion】Neurons in caudal mesenteric ganglion were the main target cells of LH,indicating that LHR existing in these neurons might be a"transfer station"to coordinate the endocrine regulation and nervous regulation.


As businesses are coming to terms with the challenges derived from the Covid-19 crisis, they are realizing the need to do more for and with their local communities than being co-located or having business relationships. Business leaders are learning that engaging with local communities can be helpful in steering their business through crises and helping to prepare for the future. The central idea of this article is that businesses can learn from universities about engaging with local communities. It outlines five key lessons, illustrating them with examples and relating them to key concepts and perspectives from the literature. The emphasis in these lessons is on their potential to make businesses self-reliant, socially responsible and resilient. As businesses look for lessons, frameworks and best practices for engaging with their communities during and after a significant crisis, these five lessons from universities can point them toward new directions that would be hard to find within the business community. The lessons can be used by business leaders to design initiatives and implement policies and practices for engaging with their local communities in ways that are mutually beneficial and promote long-term sustainability.


Fixation durations in first-pass reading reflect uncertainty about word identity Nathaniel J. Smith firstname.lastname@example.com UC San Diego Department of Cognitive Science 9500 Gilman Drive #515, La Jolla, CA 92093-0515 USA Roger Levy email@example.com UC San Diego Department of Linguistics 9500 Gilman Drive #108, La Jolla, CA 92093-0108 USA Abstract In reading, it is often assumed that words are recognized suf- ficiently quickly, accurately, and unambiguously that down- stream processes may proceed with perfect information about word identity. For example, word predictability is believed to affect early reading time measures, yet a word's predictability cannot be calculated without knowledge of the word's identity. We argue that such information is not, in general, available to the language processing system, and that it proceeds with only probabilistic information about word identity. We pre- dict therefore that what have been analyzed previously as pre- dictability effects must instead be based on noisy estimates of word predictability that are influenced by the predictability of visually similar words (neighbors). We test this prediction by building a Bayesian model of visual word recognition, using it to compute the 'average neighborhood surprisal' of words in a corpus, and testing the ability of this novel measure to explain human reading time data. Keywords: Psychology, Cognitive Science, Perception, Lan- guage Understanding, Bayesian Modeling, Neighborhood Ef- fects, Visual Uncertainty, Reading Performance in isolated word recognition tasks is often af- fected by the existence or properties of words that are not presented, but that are visually similar to the words which are presented. For instance, a word with many neighbors — especially high frequency neighbors — tends to produce a faster response in the lexical decision task, and a slower response in naming or reading tasks (Perea & Rosa, 2000). Norris (2006) has argued that these divergent results can be best explained by uncertainty in the processing system. That is, noise is an inevitable component of all biological compu- tation, and if the processor receives only noisy information about a word's shape, then it must consider all similar look- ing words as candidates for identification. When there are many such candidates, identifying the single correct candi- date (as in the naming task) becomes more difficult, because there are many incorrect distractors and only one correct tar- get; resolving this difficulty requires the acquisition of more sensory information, which requires more time. In the lexical decision task, however, it is not necessary to determine which word is seen, only whether a word is seen, and therefore in- creasing the number of candidates only makes it easier to give a correct response (even if for the 'wrong' reason). However, in reading — that is, processing connected lan- guage, rather than isolated words — another consideration arises. In a naming task, no response can be given until the word is identified, but when reading, the ultimate outcome is not the name of a single word, but an understanding of the text as a whole. Here, we ask: can the linguistic processing associated with a word proceed before that word is uniquely identified? And if so, what are the consequences for pro- cessing? It's possible that neighborhood effects are limited to some early, serial, word identification process, in which any uncertainty is resolved before higher-level linguistic pro- cesses begin. Alternatively, this uncertainty may be propa- gated through the linguistic processing system itself. Most current models of high-level language processing fall into the former category; for instance, they take as input words, rather than probability distributions over words. How- ever, there is some reason to suspect that the latter possibility is more plausible. Spoken language, in particular, is a very noisy signal, in which word identification is generally im- possible without reference to high-level linguistic constraints. Furthermore, listeners are willing to revise their identifica- tion of perceptually ambiguous phonetic material in light of disambiguating material that follows within a short period (Connine, Blasko, & Hall, 1991). In reading, the availabil- ity of a stable visual record makes it possible in principle to acquire substantially more detailed perceptual information — but in practice the average fixation length in reading is 200 ms, comparable to the time required to plan a motor saccade. This suggests that the next saccade must be initiated almost as soon as the fixation begins, and that decisions about its timing — and thus the fixation time for the current word — must be made before the current word is fully processed. In addition, Levy, Bicknell, Slattery, and Rayner (2009) have recently used evidence from a reading task to argue that cer- tain syntactic constructions associated with garden-path-like processing difficulty may arise from uncertainty about the identity of critical words earlier in the sentence. Therefore it seems plausible that the language processing system not only has the capacity to handle uncertain input, but that this ability is used in natural reading. Here, we examine this question via the well-known effect of word predictability on reading time (predictable words are read more quickly, Ehrlich & Rayner, 1981). This is a useful tool, because (i) the effect is very early; it affects the duration of initial fixations on a word, in the 200–300 ms range, when we would most expect some uncertainty to remain, and (ii)


Significance The members of the rat sarcoma (RAS) gene family Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog, Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog, and neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (NRAS) belong to the most extensively studied oncogenes and are central players in carcinogenesis. Since their discovery approximately 30 y ago, efforts to target their aberrant activation have not led to major breakthroughs. We herein report the discovery of four so far undescribed variants of NRAS that differ in their expression patterns and, strikingly, in their downstream effects. Our results suggest that NRAS should be studied in the context of its variants. In addition, this discovery may open opportunities to develop more efficient anticancer therapies. Neuroblastoma rat sarcoma (RAS) viral oncogene homolog (NRAS), a small GTPase, is one of the most thoroughly studied oncogenes that controls cell growth, differentiation, and survival by facilitating signal transduction. Here, we identify four novel naturally occurring NRAS isoforms (isoforms 2–5) in addition to the canonical isoform (isoform 1). Expression analyses performed on a panel of several different human malignancies and matching normal tissue revealed distinct isoform expression patterns. Two of the novel isoforms were found in the nucleus and cytoplasm, whereas the others were exclusively cytoplasmic. The isoforms varied in their binding affinities to known downstream targets and differentially regulated the RAS signaling pathway. Strikingly, forced expression of isoform 5, which encodes only a 20-aa peptide, led to increased cell proliferation and to transformation by activation of known NRAS targets. These discoveries open new avenues in the study of NRAS.


In order to take further the task of modelling the evolution of transport networks, the notion of an explicitly hierarchical dynamic model is introduced. This is developed first in the (simpler) retail context and then applied through a demonstration model to the evolution of transport networks.


A holographic transmission grating is made using a 15‐mW He–Ne laser (Spectra Physics Model No. 124B). Two front‐surface mirrors are used to obtain two coherent beams by the method of division of wavefront. The interference pattern is recorded on a high‐resolution photographic plate. The value of ''d'' the grating constant is calculated using the relationship between the fringe spacing and the angle between the two interfering beams. This value is then compared with the one obtained by using the grating equation, a spectrometer, and a mercury lamp. From the results obtained and in view of the fact that He–Ne lasers are readily available in physics laboratories, this experiment is recommended as suitable for an advanced undergraduate optics and spectroscopy or quantum physics laboratory.


The temperature distribution in the cylinder is found. The motion of the moving front is derived. Then the thermoelastic deformation of the cylinder is obtained, using the two time scale method with two preceding variable transformations. Finally the strain and stress fields are found


Vibration analysis of the repaired well pump is to determine whether vibrations occur due to an insufficient pump repair or due to some new malfunction that happened after the repair. This paper presents vibration analysis of well pump as well as the applied corrections in order to lower the vibration levels. Vibration measurement of well pump is conducted on measurement points defined by standard ISO 10816-1.


COVID-19 school closures necessitated shifts in how students engaged in learning and connected socially. For pre-adolescents and their families, these closures added urgency to an already identified challenge for parents trying to navigate their children's engagement with digital platforms. Researchers utilized interviews to explore parent and child experiences related to online learning and behavior. Online workshops provided parents with critical media literacy (CML) knowledge and skills for navigating media texts and platforms. This paper employed emergent design-based research methodology and interpretive qualitative case-study methods. Data from interviews, recordings, and field notes were analyzed thematically. The analyses identified that parents noted increased time spent online by their children due to COVID-19 lockdowns. They also highlighted concerns for child safety, issues connected to CML, acknowledgment of the benefit of a support community amongst parents, and parent-child conversations about online actions. This study affirmed the need for parent support regarding CML and digital tools in educational and social online environments and provided suggestions for ways to promote this type of support.


The article discusses how Shaft Drillers International (SDI) is breaking new ground in shaft development and ground stabilization. Techniques of blind shaft drilling and raise bore shaft development developed by SDI are briefly explained. An associated company, Coastal Drilling East, deals with all types of ground improvement such as pre-grouting work for shafts, grouting of poor soil and water leaks into the mine. 3 photos.


The annual survey of graduate programs in family and consumer sciences at U.S. universities and colleges was conducted in June 2020. The project s goal was to assemble a listing of theses and dissertations completed ' in 2019 from all areas of family and consumer sciences. Representatives at institutions with identi ed family  and consumer sciences programs were e-mailed requests for information regarding completed theses and dissertations. Twenty- ve colleges and universities responded. The nal total was a total of 214 theses and 195   dissertations were completed within participating graduate programs in 2019. This report includes the submitted information on theses and dissertations


The ability to analyze and modify binaries is often very useful from a security viewpoint. Security operations one would like to perform on binaries include the ability to extract models of program behavior and insert inline reference monitors. Unfortunately, the existing manner in which binary code is packaged prevents even the simplest of analyses, such as distinguishing code from data, from succeeding 100 percent of the time. In this paper, we propose SELF, a security-enhanced ELF (Executable and Linking Format), which is simply ELF with an extra section added. The extra section contains information about (among other things) the address, size, and alignment requirements of each code and static data item in the program. This information is somewhat similar to traditional debugging information, but contains additional information specifically needed for binary analysis that debugging information lacks. It is also smaller, compatible with optimization, and less likely to facilitate reverse engineering, which we believe makes it practical for use with commercial software products. SELF approach has three key benefits. First, the information for the extra section is easy for compilers to provide, so little work is required on behalf of compiler vendors. Second, the extra section is ignored by default, so SELF binaries will run perfectly on all systems, including ones not interested in leveraging the extra information. Third, the extra section provides sufficient information to perform many security-related operations on the binary code. We believe SELF to be a practical approach, allowing many security analyses to be performed while not requiring major changes to the existing compiler infrastructure. An application example of the utility of SELF to perform address obfuscation (in which the addresses of all code and data items are randomized to defeat memory-error exploits) is presented.


Department of Immunopathology Since the original clinical and pathologic description of Kussmaul and Maier1 over a century ago, vasculitis has remained a formidable problem. Premortem diagnosis remains notoriously difficult, treatment is still fraught with significant morbidity and mortality, and its classification remains controversial at best. Despite these difficulties, significant advances have been made in the area of pathogenesis. Three observations are largely responsible for this added insight: (1) the elucidation of the pathogenic role of immune complexes in serum sickness;2 (2) the recognition that many connective tissue diseases, e.g., rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which are frequently accompanied by vasculitis, are characterized by immune complexes;3 and (3) the identification of a few putative antigens, e.g., Hb sAg, responsible for certain forms of arteritis.4 All of these observations have given credence to the immune complex theory of vascular inflammation. Furthermore, recent advances in the clinical laboratory have enabled clinicians to monitor immune complex levels, aiding both in diagnosis and treatment.5 This discussion deals with a subgroup of the vasculitic syndromes that have been variously termed allergic vasculitis, allergic angiitis, and leu-


. The combined action of cadmium and selenium was investigated in two unicellular marine phytoplankton organisms, Prorocentrum micans Ehrbg. and Crypthecodinium cohnii Biecheler, in culture. When present simultaneously in low concentrations, the toxicity of Cd and Se is decreased (antagonism) whereas if one of these elements is present at high concentration, especially for a long period, their toxicity is increased (synergism) more than if they were separate. This interaction affected cell organelles in the following ways: vacuolation, development of chloroplast pyrenoids, and elicitation of lipid vesicles, starch vesicles, giant mitochondria, and lysosomes. Possible competition between these two elements for binding sites is discussed.


Targeted delivery of small and macromolecular drugs , Targeted delivery of small and macromolecular drugs , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز


How to Select Patients with Peri- toneal Neoplasms for Cytoreductive Sur- gery and Intraperitoneal Hyperthermic Chemoperfusion. Performance status and se- vere comorbidities, age, the localization of the primary tumor, and the presence or absence of distant metastases allow a rough decision of whether a multimodal treatment with cytoreduc- tive surgery and intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemoperfusion is feasible. The 2 most informa- tive selection criteria, Peritoneal Cancer Index and involvement of the small bowel, usually are evaluated intraoperatively. Presence or absence of lymph node metastases, histological grading, and ascites may add a decision-making help on the borderline. Interdisz Onkol 2012; 1 (2): 30- 3.


Before then, no validity index can be used for evaluating the item ordering structure for cognition diagnosis. In this study, based on the Q-matrix theory, an ideal item ordering structure without slip and guess for an efficient test is proposed by using the set containing relation operation. It can be viewed as a criterion of the item ordering structure for a given test. Furthermore, a novel criterion-related validity index for evaluating the item ordering structure of any item ordering algorithm is proposed, it is more useful for cognition diagnosis.


The high-availability requirements of computerized systems that are needed to meet the objectives of the organization are being acknowledged more and more by the data processing community. The paper presents the planning process for a distributed data processing system deisgned to meet high availability requirements. This process was performed as a systems engineering activity in order to assess the feasibility of the presented approach, which was proposed to a customer.


A technique for the direct numerical simulation of threedimensional flows containing large numbers of deformable particles at finite Reynolds numbers is presented. A fronttracking technique developed for the solution of multiphase flows is parallelized using the distributed memory model and an approach appropriate to the physical problem. Initial results for the rise of 64 bubbles due to buoyancy are shown.


For 60 years the Chilean government studied, promoted, managed, and subsidized plantations; it bribed, cajoled, and threatened landowners to plant trees; it funded, nationalized, and privatized the industries to process them and then nationalized and privatized them again. The policies were contradictory in their particulars, but consistent in the government's commitment to the forestry sector. Some policies were ineffective, others were effective but blunted by contradictory policies, and at least one was stunningly successful-the 75 percent reforestation subsidy established in 1974. In a generation Chile has created one of the world's most competitive forest resources, at a relatively low environmental cost. It is not a natural forest capable of supporting multiple use, but as an economic forest it is almost a masterpiece. Early state activism and recent state withdrawal were both essential. From 1931 to 1973 state promotion expanded the forests, while the state's pulp mills guaranteed a market; without those interventions the industrial and resource base would not exist today. But without the military government's persistent subsidies, privatizations, and guarantees against expropriation, the recent flood of direct foreign investment is equally inconceivable. Finally, the timing was ideal. Competitive advantage in the world market is of use only when a market exists, and the last 20 years have seen the rapid growth of global trade in forest products.


Objective To explore the preoperative preparation,cooperation in operation and postoperative nursing for the patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing acute interventional therapy.Methods One hun- dred and twenty-three patients with acute myocardial infarcation were treated by the acute interventional therapy. These patients were managed with the measures such as mental nursing and fully preparation before operation, closely observation of the patients' condition and active prevention and treatment of complications during and after the acute intervention therapy.Results All the patients got successful acute intervention.There were 24 patients with complications in acute intervention.Of them 1 patient with pneumonia acute intervention was dead.The other patients were recovered.Conclusion The method of percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI) is the best effective methods for treating acute myocardial infarction.Adequate preoperative preparation, cooperation between doctor and nurse in acute intervention, and active prevention and treatment of complications are the key to increase the success rate of PCI and decrease the mortality rate.


The relative slip will unavoidably come to pass on the bar-concrete interface in a prestressed FRP bar-concrete composite beam under external loading,and the stress in a prestressed FRP bar increases correspondingly with the external loading.The interface slip and stress increment will result in the stress redistribution between concrete flange plate,and H-steel beam and shear connector.According to the structural and bearing characteristics and elastic theory,some differential equations of axial force on which the effects of both interface slip and stress increment are taken into account are given,as well as the formulae of the axial force acting on both the concrete slab and H-steel beam under uniformly distributed load.The results of calculation showed that the axial force to the composite beam increases with the increasing connection stiffness and external load,and the maximum axial force is found at the midspan,then it decreases gradually from midspan to beam end where it is approximately zero.As to the effect of stress increment in prestressed FRP bars on the axial force to composite beam,it is so small that it can be ignored.


Desmoid‐type fibromatosis is a locally aggressive soft tissue tumour with a biological behaviour that varies between relatively indolent and progressive growth. Although there is a trend towards conservative treatment, surgery remains the standard treatment for extra‐abdominal desmoid tumours.


Nowadays, many second/foreign language (L2) academic writing instruction programs place a high premium on pre-writing strategies. The current study examined the effect of software-supported concept mapping on lexical diversity (LD) of English learners' argumentative essays within a process writing framework. Additionally, the relationship between the learners' LD and their overall writing quality was investigated. To this end, 53 university English as a foreign language (EFL) undergraduates were assigned to a computer-aided concept mapping (CACM) and a traditional outlining condition over a span of seven weeks. The CACM group was instructed through the graphic organizer software Inspiration®, whereas the comparison group underwent outlining instruction for planning their writing tasks. Measure of textual lexical diversity (MTLD) was used to assess the so-called D values of the assignments. The results revealed that the CACM group outperformed the outlining group in terms of LD scores. Also, no relationship was found between LD and overall quality of the essays. The findings provide L2 researchers and teachers with insights into understanding the use of CACM strategy in process writing. Moreover, exploiting MTLD afforded our experiment the opportunity to counteract potential pitfalls associated with text size. Further implications for the L2 teacher are also discussed.


For nonverbal individuals with motor impairments the ability to interact with their environment can be critical to their independence and quality of life. A system that provides portable and wireless bedside Internet access would not only provide a new opportunity for such patients, but also help to alleviate the clutter caused by diagnostic and life-sustaining equipment within complex continuing or critical care wards. This paper describes such a system that is currently being developed. The system relies on the voltage signals received by a microphoneaccelerometer sensor pair. The microphone measures the mechanomyographic (MMG) signals produced by users' residual muscle movements. These signals are used to operate a custom-made web browser interface. The accelerometer detects noise produced by spastic movements and environmental disturbances. A segmentation algorithm has been developed and implemented on microcontroller to identify voluntary user contractions. The web browser interface has been developed for a Personal Digital Assistant, making the entire system portable. Wireless communication between the muscle switch and PDA is accomplished by using a Bluetooth cable replacement interface. The method, components and implementation are discussed.


A range of dosages of methyl bromide used according to different chamber and fru:. I+ temperatures, preceded, unaccompanied or followed by cold treatment was found effective in disinfesting apples of the light-brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker), in Tasmania, 1972-1 974. Fumigations were in 1.1 m3 and 14.3 m3 chambers, for 2 or 2+hours, loaded to 40 or 80 per cent of their capacities, and cold storage was for 21 days at 0°C. The disinfestation treatments were tested on apples artificially infested with neonate and fourth instar larvae and on a field line of naturally infested fruit; the onset of fumigation effects on fourth instar larvae in artificial medium was also determined.


Because of most current cadastral systems maintain 2D geometric descriptions of parcels linked to administrative records, the system may not reflect current tendency to use space above and under the surface. The land has been used in multi-levels, e.g. constructions of multi-used complex buildings, subways and infrastructure above/under the ground. This cadastre situation of multilevel use of lands cannot be defined as cadastre objects (2D parcel-based) in the cadastre systems. This trend has requested a new system in which right to land is clearly and indisputably recorded because a right of ownership on a parcel relates to a space in 3D, not any more relates to 2D surface area. Therefore, this article proposes a 3D spatial data model to represent geometrical and topological data of 3D (property) situation on multilevel uses of lands in 3D cadastre systems, and a conceptual 3D cadastral model in Korea to design a conceptual schema for a 3D cadastre. Lastly, this paper presents the results of an experimental implementation of the 3D Cadastre to perform topological analyses based on 3D Network Data Model to identify spatial neighbors.


Solid-state image sensors which are internally scanned by charge transfer offer a potentially usefull alternative to sensors based on x-y addressing. The application of charge transfer to solid-state scanning introduces sensor design problems which are common to either the "bucket-brigade" or "charge-coupled" approach. Two-dimensional and single-line sensors employing bucket-brigade scanning have been built and evaluated. Problems discussed include transfer efficiency, video signal extraction, vertical scanning, and spurious effects. The use of the bucket-brigade shift register as a scan generator for x-y addressing is also described.


Because true maximum likelihood (ML) is too expensive, the dominant approach in Bernoulli-Gaussian (BG) myopic deconvolution consists in the joint maximization of a single generalized likelihood with respect to the input signal and the hyperparameters. This article assesses the theoretical properties of a related maximum generalized marginal likelihood (MGML) estimator in a simplified framework: the filter is reduced to identity, so that the output data is a mixture of Gaussian populations. Our results are three-fold: first, exact MGML estimates can be efficiently computed; second, this estimator performs better than ML in the short sample case whereas it is drastically less expensive; third, asymptotic estimates are significant although biased.


Using a nanocomposite of ZnO with noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) is a promising way to suppress the rate of recombination between electrons and holes, as this limits the photocatalytic performance of ZnO. Bimetallic NPs offer new properties that are different from their constituent monometallic NPs and are easily deposited on the ZnO surface through various methods. In this work, bimetallic Au and Pd NPs nanoclusters were deposited on ZnO nanorods (NR) growing on a glass substrate by a facile photochemical reduction method using a solar simulator (100 mW cm−2) at room temperature. The highest photocatalytic performance under ultraviolet light was achieved using ZnO/Pd and ZnO/AuPd photocatalysts, due to the localised surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect of Pd NPs and its role in reducing the recombination center and adsorption of oxygen molecules. Under simulated solar light, the performance of ZnO/Au and ZnO/PdAu was equivalent to that of ZnO/Pd and ZnO/AuPd nanocomposites due to the addition of the LSPR effect of Au NPs that worked effectively in the visible light region.


In accordance with the problems of protection fuse used in the shunt capacitor unit,by contrasting the key features,some problems on revising the national fuse standards are proposed.


ROCKVILLE, Md. -- The FDA said Bayer was not forthcoming with data from a retrospective study that suggested Trasylol (aprotinin injection) may increase the chance for death, serious kidney damage, congestive heart failure, and strokes.


Harvesting energy in the human environment has been identified as an effective way to charge the body sensor nodes in wireless body area networks (WBANs). In such networks, the capability of the nodes to detect events is of vital importance and complements the stringent quality of service (QoS) demands in terms of delay, throughput, and packet loss. However, the scarce energy collected by human motions, along with the strict requirements of vital health signals in terms of QoS, raises important challenges for WBANs and stresses the need for new integrated QoS-aware energy management schemes. In this paper, we propose a joint power-QoS (PEH-QoS) control scheme, composed of three modules that interact in order to make optimal use of energy and achieve the best possible QoS. The proposed scheme ensures that a sensor node is able to detect the medical events and transmit the respective data packets efficiently. Extensive simulations, conducted for different human activities (i.e., relaxing, walking, running, and cycling), have shown that the application of PEH-QoS in a medical node increases the detection efficiency, the throughput, and the energy efficiency of the system.


On 24 November 2011, the General Court ("GC") handed down its judgment in EFIM v. Commission. In its ruling, the GC dismissed an action by the European Federation of Ink and Ink Cartridge…


In this paper, it is compared the idea of limit between Pre_Qin period and Ancient Greece,and discussed the different nature of them.


Sterile hybrids from interspecific crosses between Heliothis virescens (F.) and H. subflexa (Guenee) produced as many sperm bundles in their testes as did the parent species. Also, the ratio of eupyrene to apyrene sperm bundles was similar for the 4 types of males. A main function of the spermatophores was to eject the sperm from the collum into the seminal duct of the female. Although spermatophores from hybrid males contained as many eupyrene sperm bundles as the spermatophores from males of either species, these bundles did not completely break down within the spermatophore. Rather, they formed a plug of eupyrene sperm in the corpus of the spermatophore at the opening of the collum. Thus, when females had mated with hybrid males, the apyrene sperm in the collum were the only ones ejected and the only type that reached the spermatheca.


Abstract: The results of this study show that: [1] Syllabus economic commentary verses referenced to assess the economic interpretation of passages deemed good enough, as a provision for students in following subsequent courses related to economics. However, the interpretation of the economic verses is not enough to just one semester, because quite extensive material about the economy. We recommend that subjects the interpretation of passages tiered economy as some other academic subjects are tiered. [2] The method of discussion, is helping students to add insight and knowledge, including in understanding the interpretation of the economic verses, according to the student's understanding. In the method of discussion, lecturers should require every student to be asked and argued. Lecturers should give freedom to the students to argue in the discussion. [3] The educational background of the student become an obstacle in understanding the interpretation of the verses of the economy, for those who not graduated from a boarding school or madrasah Aliyah [4] Lecturers should consistent to implement attendance and discipline, when making a leaming contract at the first meeting.
Keywords: Interpretation Studies, Phenomenology approach


The ongoing health and social crisis originated from the Covid-19 pandemic is a warning to the environmental crisis we are living and will live during the 21 st century. Climate change is bringing and will continue bringing many challenges to our cities. It is important that we do not quickly forget some of the key lessons learnt during the pandemic and prepare our cities, their institutions, their spaces and communities to face (and prevent, if possible) the effects of climate change. In the book Designing Disorder 1 , which I wrote with Richard Sennett just before the global pandemic hit the world, we propose strategies in two dimensions that are interconnected: Networks and municipalism. Networks are those transformations that come from the grassroots. It is important to note that much of the recent awareness on climate change comes from the influence of social movements such as School Strike for Climate of Extinction Rebellion, so the importance for actions from the grassroots is vital to fight the environmental crisis. In the book, we call them "networks" seeking inspiration on anarchism, the squatting and the co-operative movements. Each node of the network of grassroots movements is independent, has its own system for decision-making and for taking action. However, at the same time, while each node is independent, they collaborate with, share knowledge with and learn from other nodes of the network. This allows for flexibility to take action, and also enables creating networks of solidarity and convergence across different groups in cities. The other dimension, municipalism, consist of having open institutions in our cities that ensure that no one is left behind. These open institutions have the responsibility of providing basic services such as housing, health, education, as well as good public spaces and infrastructure in the city. These institutions are "open" because they are continuously learning from the networks of social movement. The Mayor of Barcelona Ada Colau, in her opening mayoral speech in her second mandate in 2019, highlighted that many of the achievements of her administration had been thanks to the social movements that are continuously pushing for a better future. Most progressive policies implemented in many countries come from the pressure of social movements, so these connections between networks and municipalism and essential for addressing the environmental crisis.


Electroless Ni coating wasprepared on the surface of Ti alloy TC4.The effects of activation,Ni pre-plating and heat-treatment on the adhesion of the Ni coat-ing to Ti alloy substrate were investigated.Results indicate thatthe ratio of HF and IIC1 has significant effect on activation of thesurface of Ti allov.Fresh surface of TC4 was obtained after beingactivated in mixed acid of 26 ml/L HF + 58 ml/L HC1.The Nicoating prepared after dipping activation and pre-Ni plating hadgood adhesion to the Ti alloy substrate.The Ni coating heat-trea-ted at 300℃ for 1 h had remarkably increased adhesion to the Tialloy substrate.


The invention provides a continuous production method of enzyme electrode for glucose detection. The method is characterized in that a continuous roll-to-roll coating production mode is adopted to overcome the defects of low efficiency and uncontrollable quality in the traditional uniwafer printing operation and implements continuous automatic high-efficiency production of the biosensor; and the thickness of the slurry coated on the substrate electrode is precisely controllable to the minimum of a single molecular layer. Compared with the traditional manual uniwafer operation production mode, the technique provided by the invention can greatly reduce the quantity of operators and lower the labor cost; the technique greatly enhances the automation level, lowers the labor intensity of the operators, and improves the working environment; the technique reduces the artificial errors on the product by the operators in various steps, and enhances the uniformity and quality of product; and the roll-to-roll continuous production mode greatly enhances the production efficiency and greatly lowers the production cost.