This contribution examines the epistemological foundations of legal monism, as theorized by the Vienna School of Jurisprudence and its leading proponents, in particular on the basis of its crucial elements: the Grundnorm, the hierarchy of norms, and the unity of the law. Subsequently, the theory of legal monism will be discussed and defended against dualism and pluralism by assessing its plausibility and explanatory power in describing the trigonal relationship between national law, European Union law, and public international law.


Behind the performance achievement there are many benefits received by the company, including progress, achieving goals, increasing work productivity, maintaining management systems, increasing purchases and the number of customers. Therefore, performance gets more attention, as a principle in the organization. However, performance does not stand alone, there are many factors that influence it, including the level of satisfaction and the work system. This study was made, to see a causal relationship, between job satisfaction and flexibility with performance. To test this statement, this research uses quantitative methods. As for the disclosure, multiple regression statistical analysis is used with estimation and determination tests. The subjects of this research are employees in the technology and information department of the Teltranet Application Solusi company, Jakarta. Data were collected through a questionnaire distribution using an attitude measurement scale / Likert. The number of research informants as many as 67 functional employees (non-structural). The results of the regression test explain that performance can be positively and significantly strengthened, if employee satisfaction increases. Likewise with work flexibility, there is a positive trend and a significant effect on performance. This finding confirms that a good mood as well as an easy/flexible work system can strengthen employee productivity and work results.


Annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) is a widespread and important weed of Australia and populations of this weed have developed resistance to most major herbicides, including glyphosate. The possible mechanisms of resistance have been examined in one glyphosate-resistant Lolium population. No major differences were observed between resistant and susceptible biotypes in respect of (i) the target enzyme (EPSP synthase), (ii) DAHP synthase, the first enzyme of the target (shikimate) pathway, (iii) absorption of glyphosate, or (iv) translocation. Following treatment with glyphosate, there was greater accumulation of shikimate (derived from shikimate-3-Pi) in susceptible than in resistant plants. In addition, the resistant population exhibited cross-resistance to 2-hydroxy-3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl phosphonate, a herbicide which, although structurally similar to glyphosate, acts at an unrelated target site. On the basis of these observations we speculate that movement of glyphosate to its site of action in the plastid is involved in the resistance mechanism.

© 1999 Society of Chemical Industry


It has become increasingly apparent that, besides targeting proteins for proteasomal degradation, ubiquitination has a role in regulating the trafficking of proteins between intracellular compartments. One well-documented example of this is the nitrogen- regulated trafficking of the general amino acid permease. Gap 1p, through the endosomal system of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It has previously been noted that the nitrogen-regulated trafficking of Gap 1p bears similarity to the insulin-regulated trafficking of the glucose transporter, GLUT4, in fat and muscle cells. Both proteins move from an intracellular location to the cell surface in response to an extrinsic trigger. In this thesis, I show that human GLUT4 is subject to nitrogen-regulated trafficking when expressed in yeast. Furthermore, I demonstrate that, like Gap 1p trafficking in yeast, the regulated trafficking of GLUT4, both in yeast and in the insulin-sensitive cell line 3T3-L1 adipocytes, requires the ubiquitination of the transporter. A model in which ubiquitination is required for the sorting of GLUT4 into the insulin-responsive pool, from where it is mobilised to the cell surface in response to insulin, is presented and discussed.


Fourier Transform Infrared-Red spectrometer(FTIR)is widely used in many fields.This paper expounds the applied state and principles of FTIR in oil monitoring and diagnosis of ship-carried equipment at present,and examples are given.Some suggestions on its application are provided.


Mal-operation of distance protection relays during power swing (PS) condition can endanger the power system stability. Therefore, it is crucial to distinguish between short-circuit faults and PS by a power swing blocking (PSB) function to prevent undesired tripping of distance relay. This paper develops a novel and straightforward PSB method based on the rate of impedance angle change (RIAC). Not only can the proposed approach fairly discriminate both symmetrical and asymmetrical faults from PS, but also it can appropriately preserve protection scheme security during PS under single-pole tripping (SPT) on a transmission line. Furthermore, there is no need to perform extensive dynamic stability studies for setting the PSB function parameters. Unlike the rate of impedance change approaches utilized two blinders, the developed approach only needs an inner blinder. Thus, it can be used for networks running near their operational limits. The proposed method is evaluated through a modified IEEE-PSRC benchmark system in PSCAD/EMTC environment. The obtained results verify superior performance of the proposed method to traditional impedance rate of change method under different scenarios.


A wide range of potential green-manure crops were tested for their productivity and concentration of plant nutrients, especially N, P, K, S and B. Selected green-manure crops were harvested at several developmental stages. Fresh wet, ensiled, and dried green manures were tested in pot and field experiments with several vegetable crops. The results showed that the plant species garden sorrel, dyer's woad, and fodder radish had high P concentrations, and that cruciferous crops like dyer's woad and fodder radish had high S concentrations. Dyer's woad, salad burnet, and stinging nettle showed high concentration of B, whereas species like dandelion, chicory, and garden sorrel showed high concentration of K. In comparing plant species, plants were harvested at a developmental stage corresponding to maximum leaf/stem ratio. The pot experiments showed that green manures with high concentration of P and S increased the nutrient uptake and yield of cauliflower and kale. Although P increased the vegetable production, the results indicate that S was the main limiting growth factor. The field experiments showed that the vegetable production decreased when the C/N ratio of the green manure increased. It was concluded that differences in vegetable production were not due to the amount of N applied, but to the N availability. The overall conclusion of these experiments is that it is possible to produce green manures with high concentrations of S, K, P, and B, and low C/N ratios, and further, that these properties have great impact on the value of the green manure for vegetable production.


While there are many formal models that generate predictions about polarization, only a handful address the question of how, with no change in electoral rules, levels of polarization can dramatically vary over time, as they have in the US House during 150 years of two-party competition. We propose a model that emphasizes national party constraints on district candidates' ability to locate at positions far from the national party stance. The model predicts a close relation between tight tethers maintained by the national parties and congressional polarization, suggests implications for political competition, and generates the empirically accurate prediction that partisan polarization and within-party differentiation are negatively correlated. When the tethers of the two parties are not equally strong, the model suggests modifications to the conditional party governance approach and helps explain ideological shift/drift affecting both parties, with the party with the tighter tether moving the other party toward its ideological wake.


Predictable performance in the event of failures is of paramount importance in most safety critical real-time database systems. Our research addresses new crash recovery techniques that accommodate pre-run-time timing analysis and utilize design-time information about transactions' data access patterns to improve performance at run time and system restart time. The schemes we will propose are based on a form of shadowing. In contrast to the shadow version algorithm as described previously our schemes reduce overheads at run time, shorten the blocking duration necessary in the transactions' atomic commitment stage, eliminate dynamic storage allocation and reclamation, and permit very fast and bounded-time recovery after a crash by simply retrieving the master record and system version directory from nonvolatile storage. The data structures and algorithms used by our recovery schemes differ when different concurrency control protocols are used. We analyze their characteristics and their impacts on the performance of real-time database systems. Quantitative evaluation of our technique indicates the schemes are much more efficient than traditional log-based techniques.


We present a novel extension of the Standard Model which fulfills the multiple-point principle without contradicting the Higgs particle mass measurement. In the model, the scalar potential has two minima where the scalar field has vacuum expectation values of 246 GeV and the Planck mass $\simeq 2.44\times 10^{18}$ GeV, the latter of which is realized by considering a classically scale invariant setup and requiring that the scalar quartic coupling and its beta function vanish at the Planck scale. The Standard Model Higgs field is a mixture of an elementary scalar and composite scalars in a new strongly-coupled gauge theory, and the strong dynamics gives rise to the negative mass for the SM Higgs field, and at the same time, causes separation of the SM Higgs quartic coupling and the quartic coupling for the elementary scalar, which leads to the vanshing of the latter quartic coupling and its beta function at the Planck scale. The model predicts new scalar particles with about 300 GeV mass possessing electroweak charges and Yukawa-type couplings with Standard Model fermions, and a new light gauge boson that couples to Standard Model fermions.


This paper begins with the introduction of the powerful calculation and figure expression capability of MATLAB. It also analyzes the application of MATLAB with simple and complex digital terrain analysis.


On the basis of newly released magnetic data, a major fault feature is traced southwest across the Irish continental shelf; along the northwestern margin of the Slyne-Erris Trough, the northern termination of the Porcupine Seabight, and across the Porcupine Ridge toward the vicinity of the eastern termination of the Gibbs Fracture Zone. This major fault passes into, and is identified with, the Great Glen Fault system. Apparent sinistral movement of the order of 50–70 km along the fault displaces a feature tentatively identified as the Highland Boundary Fault. A weak magnetic feature is also identified that might represent the course of the Moine Thrust. The Slyne-Erris Trough has been referred to as part of a 'failed' rift associated with the Seabight opening, but might instead be related to the wrench faulting similar to that seen elsewhere along the Great Glen Fault line. An apparent transform movement along the portion of the fault at the head of the Porcupine Seabight may relate to rifting and the generation of oceanic crust in the central part of the Seabight.

Two possible courses for the westward continuation of the Hercynian Front are recognized, and a major Tertiary intrusive centre is identified and related to a zone of dyke swarms.


Purpose:This study aims to compare of Moral judgment in female trainers of group and individual sports in difficult moral situations. Material and Methods:Our population consists of 197 female trainers of premier league of all sports in 2012. Total sampling was used to select samples. Questionnaires were sent to trainers. 120 questionnaires were returned. A 20-factor questionnaire of caswel, was used. Reliability of questionnaires was estimated using Cronbach Alpha (0.86), and its validity was confirmed by 8 of professors of Khorasgan University, Isfahan. Descriptive and inferential statistics (tables, graphs, mean, and standard deviation) were used to analyze the data. Having studied the normality of data frequency using Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and Mann-Whitney U Test were used to compare of Moral judgment in female professional trainers of group sports and trainers of individual sports in difficult moral situations. Levine's test was used to evaluate variance homogeneity. All analyses were analyzedusing SPSS Software. Conclusion: Findings showed that there is no relationship between Moral judgment in female trainers of group and individual sports in difficult moral situations.


TRIUMF, 4004 WesbrookMall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T2A3Received 15September 1989Wedescribe the polarimeter POMME,and give the results of its calibration in the region 200-1200 MeV, using the Saturnepolarized protonbeam. The highenergypartof this domain(800-1200MeV)waspreviously unexplored. Parametrizations oftheinclusivep-Canalyzingpowerandpolarimeter efficiency as afunction ofscattering angle andincidentenergyaregiven,completingthedataalready available at lowerenergies. Theoptimizationofprotonpolarimeters in this energydomainis also discussed.1. IntroductionNuclear physics with polarized praoes


The evolution of digital content and rapid expansion of data sources has raised the need for streamlined monitoring, collection, storage and analysis of massive, heterogeneous data to extract useful knowledge and support decision-making mechanisms. In thi


As a result of the reductions and liquidating of heavy industry large areas of great potential have been freed up. These areas present an opportunity for urban space in the context of contemporary challenges related to improved quality of life and development of green infrastructure. The article analyses the evolution of the methods of approach to designing post-industrial land. The contemporary approach to space design has been applied in the form of the adaptation project of the Blast Furnace in Ruda Śląska. This demonstrates the potential for its application in a specific real-life situation.This experience finds application in case of adaptations of post-industrial areas in the context of addressing climate changes and developing biodiversity. In the context of shaping the relationship between human and nature in the form of a contemporary reclaimed garden.


It is proposed to characterize the performance of coding schemes by the mutual information between encoder–inputand decoder–output– sequence vs. the capacity of a channel in between, instead of the conventional diagrams of bit error probability vs. signal–to–noise ratio or raw bit error ratio. That way a description is obtained, which proves to be nearly independent from the channel model used. Furthermore, it universally accounts for the quality of reliability estimation provided by the decoder. Hence, information processing of coding schemes is characterized in an unified framework. Different codes as well as different decoding techniques can be compared and evaluated. By deriving tight bounds for the bit error probability, both a direct connection to conventional performance evaluation techniques is established and a very general method for the analysis of concatenated coding schemes is developed. For this purpose information combining is introduced, which links the proposed characterization to transfer characteristics used within EXIT charts of S. ten Brink. Due to the generalized description of information processing of component codes and decoders together with information combining the analysis of iterative decoding of arbitrarily multiply concatenated coding schemes incorporating serial and parallel concatenated structures becomes feasible. For this analysis the transfer characteristics of the constituent coding schemes are sufficient as long as they are linked by large interleavers. Based on the analysis, which is of extremely low computational complexity, design of novel multiply concatenated structures is demonstrated.


The poly(2,5-dimethoxyaniline)(PDMA)film electrode(Pt/PDMA/GC)with platinum microparticles was prepared by electrochemical method.The cyclic voltammograms indicate that the oxidative peak current of methanol at the Pt/PDMA/GC electrode increases obviously than bare Pt electrode.The effects of the thickness of PDMA film, the quantity of platinum microparticles, the concentration of methanol and time on the catalysis are also discussed. The electrode exhibited an excellent and a long-term stability in the acidic methnaol solutions.


A novel, non-power, expansion of QCD quantities replacing the standard perturbative expansion in powers of the renormalized coupling a was introduced and examined by Caprini and one of us. Being obtained by analytic continuation in the Borel plane, the new expansion functions W n (a) share the basic analyticity properties with the expanded quantity. The expansion possesses remarkable convergence properties. In the present note we investigate renormalization scale and scheme dependence of finite order sums of the new expansions for physical quantities and apply the results to the case of the τ-lepton decay. In the standard perturbation theory the finite order approximations of physical quantities are renormalization scale (µ) and scheme (RS) dependent (the adjective " renormalization " will be dropped). The quest for in some sense " optimal " scale and scheme is vital for meaningful applications but has so far no generally accepted solution. There are several general recipe [1–3] how to do that. The one proposed in [1] and known as the Principle of Minimal Sensitivity (PMS) selects the scale and scheme by the condition of local scale and scheme invariance. For a physical quantity R admitting perturbation expansion of the form R = a(µ, RS)(1 + r 1 (µ, RS)a(µ, RS) + r 2 (µ, RS)a 2 (µ, RS) + · · ·), a ≡ α s /π, (1) this implies ∂R(µ, RS) ∂ ln µ opt = ∂R(µ, RS) ∂(RS) opt = 0. (2) The PMS thus selects the point where the truncated approximant has locally the property which the all order sum must have globally. In the absence of additional information this choice appears particularly well-motivated. But even if we do not subscribe to PMS it is definitely useful to investigate the scale and scheme dependence of finite order approximants. The scheme can be labelled by the set of free parameters c k , k ≥ 2, defining the r.h.s. of the equation ∂a(µ, RS) ∂ ln µ = β(a) = −ba 2 (1 + ca + c 2 a 2 + c 3 a 3 + ...), (3) together with some parameter specifying which of the solutions of eq. (3) we have in mind. One way of doing this is by means of the parameter˜Λ defined by the condition a(µ = ˜ Λ) = ∞. Note that the first two coefficients in (3), b = (33 − 2n f)/6, c = (153 − …


The invention in the manufacture of a chip made of artificial marble panel, and relates to a method of manufacturing the same, it will now be described in more detail, a thermosetting resin, an inorganic filler, pigments, curing agent and accelerator for the different granite pattern, pattern, and color of the front side and the back side , as different by making the chips to charge ratio of the thermosetting resin and the inorganic filler chips to each other to have a different specific gravity, and also by using different selection of the pigment by making the chip, the chip is to have a different color, and then, a mold for the chip when placed in a compound, to one another on different specific gravity and cause the delamination, the chip having a color in the mold compound and by making the panel are different artificial marble pattern and color of the front side and the back side panel and a method of manufacturing the same. Here, a template refers to a compound when conditions such as a compound made of a thermosetting resin and the inorganic filler to be led to the body of the artificial marble, panel, a chip, a curing agent and die promoter is not added. This feature of the artificial marble panel according to the present invention together with the other portion and when a chip having a color hayeoteul placed in a mold compound, the different pattern surface and the back surface of the artificial marble panel by a layer separation phenomenon due to the specific gravity difference between the chip since in a color so as to have a low specific gravity chips and the difference in specific gravity of the specific gravity and the mold compound having a high boiling of the chips only be large, the chip of the chip and the low specific gravity of the high specific gravity is reliably separated can produce a vivid color. Specific gravity of the low specific gravity chips according to the present invention is controlled such that less than 0.5 and preferably less than the difference between the template compound specific gravity 0.4, and a specific gravity of the high-boiling of the chips is the difference between the template compound specific gravity less than 0.3, and preferably It is adjusted to be 0.4 or more. That is, the artificial marble panel of the present invention it is possible by the user and processing the desired surface to taste used because by using different colors according to the specific gravity of the chip, to appear in the artificial marble panel of pattern and color of the front side and the back side different from each other, it is possible to obtain the same effect as with two sheets of the panel to the panel in one piece.


The particle properties of conventional mesons and scalar glueball, radiative transitions of charmonium excited states χcJ (J = 0, 1, 2) are studied in the framework of relativistic quark models with infrared confinement by taking into account the mass dependence of the effective strong coupling. A specific behaviour of the mass-dependent strong coupling with a freezing point αs (0) = 1.032 has been revealed. The spectrum and leptonic (weak) decay constants of conventional mesons have been calculated in good agreement with the latest experimental data. New estimates on the scalar glueball mass, 'radius' and gluon condensate value have been obtained. Dominant radiative transitions of the charmonium orbital excitations χcJ → J/ψ + γ have been studied and the partial decay widths have been estimated with reasonable accuracy.


Pass design,calculation parameters and formation conditions of equilateral cold-bending channel steel were introduced when the ratio of web wide and leg length is not small 2 and the ratio of leg length and wall thickness is not small 22.5.The finishing passes and bending angel were reasonably distributed during pass design.Mean-while some easy appearance defects and its countermeasures were discussed.


This paper examines the impact of the US pivot to the Asia-Pacific on Canada's strategic thinking and maritime posture. It highlights elements of the US rebalance before examining Canada's recent past, present, and future strategic and military engagement. Canada wants to be able to contribute to crisis de-escalation if regional tensions lead to conflict, yet the Royal Canadian Navy has less deployment capacity today than it has had in 25 years. To contribute to mediatory influence, and provide warfighting capability, a recapitalized navy should increase deployments to the region, forward deploy some naval assets, and ensure interoperability with its US counterpart. In the event of a crisis, a choice might have to be made between a neutral, honest-broker stance and a more likely decision to contribute forces to a US-led coalition. The first step in either case is to be in the Asia-Pacific region with capable and credible naval forces.


An organically modified sol-gel glass (ORMOSIL) encapsulating pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-modified electrode for the rapid, sensitive and simple determination of thiol-containing compounds such as cysteine and glutathione is reported. The effect of applied potential, nature of thiol compound and pH on the response of the sensor was examined and optimum conditions were determined. The electrochemical responses and detection limits were found to be sensitive to the nature of thiols and pH. The electrochemical responses for cysteine and glutathione at an applied potential of −0.2 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) were found to be linear with detection limits of 18 nM for cysteine and 36 nM for glutathione at pH 3.5, whereas the detection limits at pH 8.5 were 0.5 μM for cysteine and 1 μM for glutathione. The electrode retained 95% of the original response for 7 days when stored at 4 °C. The ORMOSIL-encapsulated PQQ was also characterized by spectrophotometry. The absorbance measurement using 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) at 412 nm justify the PQQ-mediated oxidation of glutathione whereas fluorescence measurements (excitation wavelength=380 nm; emission wavelength=480 nm) justify the successful encapsulation of PQQ in ORMOSIL matrix.


In professional women-heads' work the knowledge of a person about self and development of subjective control makes the great value (W. James, G. Midd, E. Erikson, K. Rogers, S. R. Panteleev, V.V. Stolin, R. Bern, E. Bern, G. Rotter, T.N. Sherbakova, A.A. Rean, P.K. Vlasov, G.S. Nikiforova). The system of personal self-attitudes mediates subjective interpretation of own experience and external effect, perception of self and world around, determines pros- pects of own development and prospects of relations with the world. An adequate self-estimation allows a woman-head to place correctly priorities in professional field and interpersonal space.


Dead shoots of colonies of a leafy hepatic species, Lophozia silvicola, are replaced by shoots developing from asexual propagules, the gemmae. Observations of two populations of L. silvicola showed a strong decreasing seasonal trend in germinability of the gemmae. We suggest that the non-germinating gemmae enter dormancy, and that the proportion of gemmae entering dormancy is season-specific. We assume that there are two types of gemmae, dormant and non-dormant and that only the dormant gemmae can survive during winter. Using a stochastic individual-based cellular automaton model, we investigated whether selection on season-specific dormancy fraction would lead to a decreasing proportion of germinating gemmae. Thus the germination schedule is the evolving trait in the model. Parameter estimates for the model were based on data collected from a population of L. silvicola in southern Finland over a three-year study period. In the simulations, the germination schedule shaped by evolutionary change was similar to the observed pattern. Thus the modelling results give support to the dormancy hypothesis. The qualitative pattern of decreasing germinability towards the end of the growing season is robust. Quantitative predictions are influenced by changes in parameters; for example, if winter mortality of shoots increases relative to mortality during the growing season, production of an increased fraction of dormant gemmae is favoured, especially at the end of the season.


It is functionally important to differentiate between primary afferent neurons with A‐fibers, which are nociceptive or nonnociceptive, and C‐fibers, which are mainly nociceptive. Neurochemical markers such as neurofilament 200 (NF200), substance P (SP), and isolectin B4 (IB4) have been useful to distinguish between A‐ and C‐fiber neurons. However, the expression patterns of these markers change after peripheral nerve injury, so that it is not clear whether they still distinguish between fiber types in models of neuropathic pain. We identified neurons with Aβ‐, Aδ‐, and C‐fibers by their conduction velocity (corrected for utilization time) in dorsal root ganglia taken from mice after a chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve and control mice, and later stained them for IB4, SP, calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), NF200, and neuropeptide Y (NPY). NF200 remained a good marker for A‐fiber neurons, and IB4 and SP remained good markers for C‐fiber neurons after CCI. NPY was absent in controls but was expressed in A‐fiber neurons after CCI. After CCI, a group of C‐fiber neurons emerged that expressed none of the tested markers. The size distribution of the markers was investigated in larger samples of unidentified dorsal root ganglion neurons and, together with the results from the identified neurons, provided only limited evidence for the expression of SP in Aβ‐fiber neurons after CCI. The extent of up‐regulation of NPY showed a strong inverse correlation with the degree of heat hyperalgesia. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:325–336, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


All four articles in this special issue cover stories of real-world implementations or applications of computing technology in East Asia. Each article adopts a unique approach and historiographical strategy, which demonstrates the diversity of this scholarly community.


Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3(1,25(OH)2D3) rapidly stimulated membrane polyphosphoinositide breakdown and increased intracellular calcium, as well as activated protein kinase C (PKC) in vitamin D‐sufficient rat colonocytes. These effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 were, however, lost in vitamin D‐insufficient rats and restored by the in vivo repletion of 1,25(OH)2D3. In the present studies we have examined the ability of 1,25(OH)2D3 to stimulate the phosphorylation of colonic membrane proteins in intact D‐sufficient cells. In addition, we investigated the effects of vitamin D status on the phosphorylation of these membrane proteins in broken cell preparations. These studies demonstrated that 1,25(OH)2D3 increased the phosphorylation of at least two colonic membrane proteins with apparent molecular weights of 42,000 (pp42) and 48,000 (pp48) in intact cells of vitamin D‐sufficient rats. Moreover, in vitamin D‐sufficient rats, treatment of colonocytes with 1,25(OH)2D3 or 12‐Otertradecanoyl phorbol 13‐acetate (TPA), a known activator of PKC, significantly increased the phosphorylation of pp42 and pp48 in broken cell preparations. The kinetics of these phosphorylations in response to 1,25(OH)2D3 were both rapid and transient. In addition, PKC19–36, a specific PKC inhibitor, decreased the phosphorylation of pp42 and pp48, whereas okadaic acid (OA), a type 1 and 2A protein phosphatase inhibitor, further augmented their phosphorylation in response to 1,25(OH)2D3. The isoelectric points of pp42 and pp48 were 5.79 and 5.97, respectively, and both were predominantly phosphorylated on threonine residues. In contrast to our findings in colonocytes from vitamin D‐sufficient animals, basal phosphorylation of pp42 and pp48 were increased in membranes prepared from vitamin D‐insufficient rats. Moreover, these phosphorylations failed to change in response to 1,25(OH)2D3‐treatment of colonocytes from vitamin D‐insufficient rats. The basal phosphorylation of each of these proteins was restored to control levels, as was their ability to respond to the direct addition of 1,25(OH)2D3 following the in vivo repletion of vitamin D‐insufficient rats with this secosteroid. In summary, we have identified two acidic membrane proteins from rat colonocytes that are phosphorylated in both intact and broken cell preparations in response to 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment, an event modulated by vitamin D status and mediated, at least in part, by PKC. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


This symposium was held at the NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, July 24-27, 1990. The NASA exobiology investigators reported their recent research findings. Scientific papers were presented in the following areas: cosmic evolution of biogenic compounds, prebiotic evolution (planetary and molecular), early evolution of life (biological and geochemical), evolution of advanced life, solar system exploration, and the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI).


The first point to consider about inclusion is that it is fundamentally a moral issue. It is a question of whom we see as belonging and who does not. It is a question of whom we share our resources with and who waits until resources arrive. It is a question of the forced segregation of children against the wishes of their parents and whether we want to be part of that. The question of costs and benefits of inclusion are ultimately secondary to these questions. Like all great moral questions they come down to where individuals stand, what they believe in and their own judgements based on their conscience and experience.


The title compounds (II) are synthesized by this new method using the ethyl ester of polyphosphoric acid (PPE) as an efficient reagent.


A new inorganic ion exchanger, cerium(IV) selenite has been synthesized with a cation exchange capacity of 0.98 mequiv g−1. It is fairly stable in water and in dilute solutions of acids, bases and salts. The Kd values for number of metal ions were determined in different solvent systems. The exchanger possesses a high affinity for Hg(II) and hence its separation from certain metal ions have been made.


In this paper, we proposed novel detection platform to detect Alzheimer's amyloid-beta (Aβ) using pre-treated magnetic beads in Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), for the first time. Without any immobilization on the electrodes of the EIS device, it shows ability to detect a few pg/ml of amyloid-beta oligomers and compared to the result of a conventional ELISA, which allows to simplify the measurement procedure, recycle the device by only changing magnet beads.


The present invention provides a print control apparatus and a method for controlling the print control apparatus. A network transfer unit of a print control apparatus that is connected to an image forming apparatus to form a print system determines a power state of the print system based on an operating state of the print control apparatus and an operating state of the image forming apparatus, and then sends a notification of the determined power state over a network. In a case where there is a change in the operating state of the print control apparatus, the network transfer unit determines the operating state of the image forming apparatus without changing the operating state of the image forming apparatus, determines the power state of the print system based on the change in the operating state of the print control apparatus and the determined operating state of the image forming apparatus, and then sends a notification of the determined power state over the network.


A unique system for geomagnetic archaeometry is presented. It uses extremely sensitive superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) as magnetic field sensors, laid out as intrinsic gradiometers. These sensors are mounted on a non‐metallic cart, which guarantees smooth movement even at high speeds. Using a differential global positioning system (GPS) together with an inertial system the measured magnetic field gradient data are located on the mapped area with centimetre resolution and the height profile is also provided using the GPS. All data are stored in a data logger and partially online displayed on a laptop computer.


This paper focuses on the regulation and trajectory tracking for a Micro Coaxial Rocket Helicopter (MCR UAV) and a mini aircraft. The former has the characteristic of performing hover and forward flight while the latter is considered as an external air transporter for the MCR UAV. For control purposes, the helicopter stabilization is based on the Backsteeping procedure, and a PD controller is implemented in the aircraft in order to execute semi-autonomous flight. The avionics for these aerial vehicles consists of an embedded computer, low-cost sensors and homemade modules (Signal Conditioning Circuits, Analog Filters) and the flight control algorithm is implemented in the embedded system. Simulation and experimental results show an effective performance of the developed system during the flight.


A detailed theoretical description of metal–ligand interactions in the case of the simple isoelectronic transition metal series Ni,Cu+,Zn2+ and one C2H4 ligand is presented. This task is performed in terms of the local and nonlocal topology-based formalisms of the electronic density and its decomposition into paired and unpaired contributions. The analysis is mainly focused on the nature of the carbon–metal interactions under the traditional chemical back-donation phenomena and the relationship with the existence of two-electron three-center (2e-3c) complex patterns of bonding, that is, 2e-3c atomic interactions. For these simple prototypical systems, which seem to be adequate examples to describe the topologic features of such electron distribution in terms of the density point of view, both phenomena, that is, the back-donation and the 2e-3c interactions, are mutually exclusive.


The array invariant, a robust approach to source-range estimation in shallow water, is based on the dispersion characteristics of broadband signals in ideal waveguides. It involves time-domain planewave beamforming using a vertical line array (VLA) to separate multiple coherent arrivals (eigenrays) in beam angle and travel time. Typically, a probe signal (i.e., a cooperating source) is required to estimate the Green's function, but the array invariant has been recently extended to a ship of opportunity radiating random signals using a ray-based blind deconvolution. Still, one major drawback is its sensitivity to the array tilt, shifting the beam angles and adversely affecting the array invariant parameter that determines the source range. In this paper, a simple optimization algorithm for simultaneous estimation of the array tilt and the source range is presented. The method is applied to a ship of opportunity (200–900 Hz) circling around a 56-m long VLA at a speed of 3 knots (1.5 m/s) at ranges of 1.8-3.6 km in approximately 100-m deep shallow water. It is found that the standard deviation of the relative range error significantly reduces to about 4%, from 14% with no compensation of the array tilt.The array invariant, a robust approach to source-range estimation in shallow water, is based on the dispersion characteristics of broadband signals in ideal waveguides. It involves time-domain planewave beamforming using a vertical line array (VLA) to separate multiple coherent arrivals (eigenrays) in beam angle and travel time. Typically, a probe signal (i.e., a cooperating source) is required to estimate the Green's function, but the array invariant has been recently extended to a ship of opportunity radiating random signals using a ray-based blind deconvolution. Still, one major drawback is its sensitivity to the array tilt, shifting the beam angles and adversely affecting the array invariant parameter that determines the source range. In this paper, a simple optimization algorithm for simultaneous estimation of the array tilt and the source range is presented. The method is applied to a ship of opportunity (200–900 Hz) circling around a 56-m long VLA at a speed of 3 knots (1.5 m/s) at ranges of 1.8-3....


Let X be a real Banach space and A : X→ 2x a bounded uniformly continuous Φ-strongly accretive multivalued mapping. For any f ∈ X, Mann and Ishikawa iterative processes with errors converge strongly to the unique solution of Ax (?) f. The conclusion in this paper weakens the stronger conditions about errors in Chidume and Moore's theorem (J. Math. Anal. Appl, 245(2000), 142-160).


Purpose: A fluence benchmark for clinical electron beams with application to validation of the electron beam model of a commercial radiotherapytreatment planning system Method and Materials: A fluence benchmark for the 6–21 MeV electron beams of a clinical linear accelerator was determined for 40×40 large field. Measurements were done on a clinical accelerator that is not used to treat patients, allowing us to disassemble the accelerator and directly measure critical geometrical details and to operate the accelerator outside the normal operating range to help ascertain source and geometry details.Therefore,source and geometry in the simulation was adjusted within more restrictive limits than previous studies to match simulation results to measured central axis depth dose curves, cross‐plane and in‐plane profiles at the depth of maximum dose, dmax, and in the bremsstrahlung tail. Parallel to this process, a series of measurements were made on the same linac to commission a commercial planning system. The fluence calculated with the commercial beam model was validated with the fluence benchmark. Results: Agreement between measured and simulated depth‐dose curves upstream of the fall‐off region and depth‐ionization curves in and beyond the fall‐off region was excellent: within 1%/0.5 mm. The dose profiles matched within 1% in the high‐dose regions of the electron field and within 2 mm at the field edge. The current benchmarks approach the goal of within 1% in fluence, given 100% on the central axis, and 2 mm in position. The electron energy distributions of the 6 electron beams calculated with the commercial beam model closely matched the benchmark. Conclusion: A high accuracy, highly detailed fluence benchmark for clinical electron beams is developed and proved to be useful for validation of the electron beam model of a commercial planning system to the accuracy required for dose calculation in radiotherapy. Support from NIH‐R01‐CA104777‐01A2.


Background: Leukoaraiosis (LA), widely accepted as a feature of cerebral small vessel disease, significantly increases the incidence of stroke, dementia, and death. Cerebral small artery disease has been considered as one of the main causes of LA. However, since the term "venous collagenosis" (VC) was proposed in an atrophy research in 1995, there have been pathological and neuroimaging studies proving the association between the venous system and LA in aging, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease. Summary: Autopsy studies confirmed that thickening of the lumen wall in venules, which results from the deposition of collagen I and III, leading to vessel stenosis or occlusion, is closely associated with LA. Susceptibility-weighted imaging research revealed a controversial association of deep medullary veins and LA in vivo, regarding which there are no standard criteria currently. Nevertheless, retinal venous changes had been reported to increase the risk of LA development, providing a novel way for in vivo evaluation. As for the internal jugular vein, jugular venous reflux could double the LA score in aging and modulate circulation of cerebral spinal fluids. Key Messages: Disruption of the venous system was notably associated with LA in aging, AD, and Parkinson's disease post-mortem and in in vivo models. The venous pathological changes may induce cerebral hypoperfusion, drainage system disruption, and vasogenic oedema in the veins around the periventricular white matter. The clarification of VC in LA may provide an early prevention and early treatment strategy for LA patients.


This article presents a groundbreaking, innovative 3D VR-based dual higher education project implemented by E.ON specialists. E.ON is one of the largest electric utility company in Europe. In order to deliver a truly practice-oriented Electrical Engineering training, the university's teaching, methodological, and corporate experts have jointly developed a dual curriculum called "Energy Paths from Producer to Consumer," which provides comprehensive knowledge to electrical engineering students. With a practical approach, using 3D IT solutions adapted to the new generation's digital life, helping you acquire and capture diverse knowledge with the least amount of cognitive strain.The use of a VR learning environment, method and content is a win-win situation for all participants, as the learning material placed in the virtual learning space is accessible regardless of space and time, updatable and developable. The finished complex material is well suited for both academic subjects and the company's internal corporate trainings program.As students see the processes in whole, they become more motivated and more efficient in acquiring the necessary professional knowledge by learning to apply theoretical knowledge in practice, with the help of Cognitive Infocommunication tools and solutions, reducing their cognitive burden and improving their academic performance.The corporate relations of the university are strengthened, and graduate students are better valued in the labor market, which in the long run improves the perception of higher education and schooling rates.


Simple Summary This inventory represents the first complete inventory of seaweeds (benthic brown, red, and green algae) and seagrasses from the Hawaiian Islands. We present taxonomic records compiled from the literature which include many recent descriptions of new species. Taxonomic records are accompanied by additional information allowing an assessment of the degree of molecular confirmation: whether the record has been verified by a match to DNA sequences from a type specimen, topotype sequences, or regional DNA sequences. In addition, taxa that have been identified solely based on morphology are indicated. In the face of numerous threats to biodiversity in the coming decades, it is hoped that this inventory will provide baseline data sets against which future changes may be compared. Abstract This updated list is composed of a total of 661 records, which includes 71 brown algae, 450 red algae, 137 green algae, and three seagrasses, with an overall rate of endemism of 13.2%. Almost half (46.7%) of the Hawaiian records presented here are represented by at least one DNA sequence, while 16.3% are confirmed through a DNA sequence match to a topotype, and 6.7% are confirmed through a DNA sequence match to a type specimen. The data are presented in the context of the natural history of the Hawaiian Islands, which is heavily influenced by the volcanic hotspot origin of the archipelago in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, as well as the important cultural role of seaweeds and other marine plants in Hawai'i, and the current threats to marine ecosystems, which include the introduction and proliferation of a number of invasive marine macroalgae.


The High Resolution Spectrometer (HRS) has been collecting data at PEP since the end of 1981 and has now accumulated 120 pb/sup -1/ of integrated luminosity. The results of analyses are presented in the following areas: (1) QED and electroweak tests, (2) scalar electron search, (3) inclusive hadron production, (4) D/sup 0/, D/sup +/ and D* production, and studies of quark fragmentation. Only the 20 pb/sup -1/ of integrated luminosity obtained during our first year of running has been completely analyzed and this provides the data sample for most of the above topics. For others a preliminary analysis of a total sample of 80 pb/sup -1/ is reported. 20 references.


The topic for this paper emerged as a result of my role in managing many electronic conferences in my work at the Water Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC), Loughborough University, UK . It soon became clear that certain disparities existed between levels of the men's and women's participation in these forums, although the extent and reasons for this were unclear. This paper aims to investigate the extent of these differentials, and to explore some of the reasons for women's greater reluctance to take part in electronic discussions of this type. The findings are based on a rapid, initial exploratory survey, the purpose of which was to identify whether there was an issue here worth looking at. The results suggest that there is more to learn about the gendered nature of e-conferencing and that an in-depth study would be beneficial to provide guidance on the design and implementation of future women-friendly e-conferences.


A two-category typology of new consumer products was used to investigate the relationship between consumer personality characteristics and acceptance of new products. It was found that the influence of a consumer's dogmatism upon his acceptance of new products was mediated by the type of new product presented.


We present a summary of our general results on the theory of magnetization switching via thermal decay (the classical case) in a small, single domain ferromagnetic (superparamagnetic) particle. Our results allow us to calculate the prefactor of the thermal decay rate and apply them to realistic models, viz., to systems of cubic symmetry (both the Fe and Ni type) and to uniaxial systems with tetragonal, triclinic, and hexagonal symmetry in the basis plane. In each case an external magnetic field parallel to an easy axis can be present. We compare our results with the strictly axially symmetric model often quoted in the literature. This model is singular in that it lacks a saddle point, i.e., it is qualitatively different from any realistic system, which always exhibits a saddle. The singular model results in a temperature‐dependent prefactor in the entire range of dissipation while any regular model leads to a temperature‐independent prefactor for not too low dissipation.


PURPOSE Some gastric cancers harbor MET gene amplifications that can be targeted by selective MET inhibitors to achieve tumor responses, but resistance eventually develops. Savolitinib, a selective MET inhibitor, is beneficial for treating patients with MET-driven gastric cancer. Understanding the resistance mechanisms is important for optimizing postfailure treatment options. PATIENTS AND METHODS Here, we identified the mechanisms of acquired resistance to savolitinib in 3 patients with gastric cancer and MET-amplified tumors who showed a clinical response and then cancer progression. Longitudinal circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is useful for monitoring resistance during treatment and progression when rebiopsy cannot be performed. RESULTS Using a next-generation sequencing 100-gene panel, we identified the target mechanisms of resistance MET D1228V/N/H and Y1230C mutations or high copy number MET gene amplifications that emerge when resistance to savolitinib develops in patients with MET-amplified gastric cancer. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the utility of ctDNA in gastric cancer and confirmed this approach using baseline tumor tissue or rebiopsy.


Many cases of coeliae disease are currently undiagnosed. We carried out a pilot study on screening for coeliae disease in a school population. The screening protocol consisted of three parts: (1) IgG and IgA antigliadin antibody (AGA) assay; (2) antiendomysium antibody and total serum IgA determinations; (3) jejunal biopsy. A total of 5280 students aged 11‐15 years (71.7% of the eligible population) underwent the first evaluation; 113 subjects performed the second tests and 35 of these needed the third investigation. Coeliae disease was diagnosed in 23 cases, most of which were atypical or silent forms. The prevalence of undiagnosed coeliae disease was 4.36 per 1000 screened subjects (95% CI 2.58‐6.14) and 5.03 per 1000 (95% CI 3.41‐6.65) in the general population. The ratio of known to undiagnosed cases was 1 to 6.4. This high prevalence of undiagnosed coeliae disease raises a number of problems that require further evaluation.


What does it mean to educate for love? Do families educate for love? Loreto Gonzalez thinks that many times he is not educated directly for love. In her article, she explains that it is important to want well, since the family is a school of love.


PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company had developed a Web based HSE supervise information system to enhance production safety and protect ecological environment.The paper presents the design and implementation of a Web based HSE supervise information system.First,the background of this project and the user's requirements are introduced.Second,the project's solution is introduced.The implementation of each models are presented in last part.The Web based HSE supervise information system adopts new technology of Web,design is scientific,project is reasonable.The practical experiments show that the HSE supervise information system improve the HSE management's effectiveness.


Objective: To determine pattern, treatment and outcomes of children with head injury. Study Design: A retrospective study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Multan Pakistan from January 2019 to December 2021. Material and Methods: A total of 1285 children of both genders aged up to 12 years with head injury were included. Patients were initially presented in emergency department while initial assessment along with physical examination was performed in emergency department among all children. Relevant radiological investigations were performed in all cases as per supervision of the senior consultant surgeon on duty. Demographic data along with pattern, treatment and outcome of children with head injury was noted. Results: In a total of 1285 children, 822 (64.0%) were male and 463 (36.0%) female. Mean age at the time of presentation was 4.7±2.5 years. Area of residence was urban in 1051 (81.8%) children while 234 (18.2%) belonged to rural areas of residence. Most common reason behind head injury was fall shown in 757 (58.9%) children whereas road-traffic accidents accounted for 414 (32.2%) children. Diffuse axonal injury was the most common head injury noted in 778 (60.5%) followed by linear fractures 152 (11.8%). Crainiotomy and bone elevation were performed in 54 (4.2%) and 117 (9.1%) children respectively while remaining 1114 (86.7%) children were treated conservatively. Mortality was noted in 25 (1.9%) children. Conclusion: Falls followed by road-traffic accidents were the most common mode of head injury among children. Diffuse axonal injury accounted for nearly 2/3rd of all head injury cases. Large majority of the children were treated conservatively while overall outcomes were good among children with head injury. Keywords: Head injury, mortality, fall, road-traffic accident, fracture.


The accumulation of cultural capital contributed qreatly to the formation of the quasi-middle class in Hua Village.The earliest growth of the first generation quasi-middle class depended on the external environment and chance,rather than the investment and accumulation of cultural capital in its real sense.Many younger villagers showever,have become new quasi-middle class or middle class because of the accumulation of cultural capital.


Objective To observe the effects of dexmedetomidine on rats with acute renal injury induced by lipopolysaccharide. Methods 18 adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group( group C,n = 6),LPS group( group L,n = 6),dexmedetomidine group( group D,n = 6). In group C and group L,the rats were infused with saline and lipopolysaccharide( 5 mg / kg,iv) respectively. In group D,after the infusion of lipopolysaccharide( 5 mg /kg,iv),the rats were firstly infused the loaded dose of dexmedetomidine( 7 μg /kg),and then infused at a rate of5 μg /( kg·h). 6 h later,3 m L blood was collected for measuring TNF-α,IL-1β,Scr and BUN. Histological analysis of the kidneys was performed. Results The levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,Scr and BUN in group L and group D were higher than those of group C( P 0. 05),and the above indexes in group D was lower than that of group L( P 0. 05). Histological changes: the kidney of the group D showed lessened injury. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can alleviate the inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide,improve the renal function and thus protect the kidneys from these injuries.


We acknowledge the support of HFML-RU/FOM, a member of the European Magnetic Field Laboratory (EMFL). Part of this work has been supported by EuroMagNET II under the EU Contract No. 228043. D.T. and M.D.L. acknowledge funding by Sapienza Universita di Roma under the "Avvio alla
Ricerca" grants. A.P. acknowledges financial support from "Awards 2014" and "Ateneo" funding schemes by Sapienza Universita di Roma. M.D.L. acknowledges support from the Ambizione grant (Grant No. PZ00P2_179801) by the Swiss National Science Foundation. A.G.D.A acknowledges the financial support of the Presidential Postdoctoral Fellowship program of the Nanyang Technological University. P.E.F.J. and J.F. acknowledge the financial support of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, CAPES (Grant No. 99999.000420/2016-06) and SFB 1277 (B05). The Australian authors acknowledge the Australian Research Council for financial support and Australian National Fabrication Facility and Australian Microscopy and Microanalysis Research Facility for providing access to some of the equipment used in this work.


10Background: Advance care planning (ACP) is a process whereby patients communicate their end-of-life treatment preferences. Despite a growing US Hispanic/Latino population, much remains unknown regarding ACP for Hispanic/Latinos. This study examined the association between ethnicity and ACP, including individual surrogate markers—code status documentation, advance directive (AD)/physician order for life-sustaining treatment (POLST) completion, and/or palliative care (PC) consultation—in deceased Hispanic/Latino vs white non-Hispanic (WNH) cancer patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed in randomly-selected, matched pairs of deceased (2011-2016) Hispanic/Latino and WNH cancer patients at an NCI-designated cancer center. Pairs were matched based on sex, age (at diagnosis/death), and cancer type. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess ethnicity (Hispanic/Latino vs WNH) and the presence any ACP (yes/no). Secondary aims examined the association between ethnicity and the presence o...


Children perceive the difference between the sexes at an early age and we see them here discovering it for the first time. Older people have known the difference for years and we see them savoring it. In between, Between the Sexes is a sometimes poignant, sometimes outrageous record of males and females trying (and sometimes not trying) to get along, with wildly varying results.


Objective: This research was carried out to determine the knowledge of the students studying in the civil defense and firefighting program in a vocational school of a university about lightning, lightning strikes, and the correct misconceptions about lightning strikes
Materials and Methods: The data of the study were collected through a questionnaire consisting of 46 questions created by the researchers. The data were evaluated in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 25.0 package program, descriptive statistics were given as numbers and percentages, and the Chi-square test was used to evaluate the difference between the groups. Type 1 error value α


[Objective]The study aimed to explore the propagation technique of Zanthoxylum nitidum by its seed and cutting.[Method] With the seeds of Zanthoxylum nitidum from Guilin and Qinzhou as tested material and seeds without treatment as CK,the influence of the treatments of reagent,sandpaper and accelerating germination by moist sand seed were studied.Quality of cuttings treated by different of hormone types and concentrations,treating time,retained leaf number and cutting medium were investigated.[Result] The seed sizes and 1 000-kernel weight of the Zanthoxylum nitidum from different spots had significantly difference,and the seeds from Guilin were better than that from Qianzhou.The Zanthoxylum nitidum seeds had a character of post-harvest ripening.The seeds treated with moist sands germinated best,with the highest germination rate of 80%.The cuttings quality in winter was better than that in summer.Cutting medium and retained leaf number had a greatly influence on the rooting and surviving,and the hormone type had a biggest influence on the number and total length of the rooting.[Conclusion] The temperature and seed size had a influence on the quality of seed germination.Fitting retained leaf number,cutting medium and cutting branches could benefit cutting propagation.


In seismic design of RC bridge piers, the effect of earthquake's vertical motion is usually neglected, how ever the site measurements of ground motion during the previous earthquakes indicate that the vertical acceleration may exceed the horizontal acceleration. In this paper a model of existing four span RC bridge is selected and analyzed using the finite element method. The dynamic linear and nonlinear analysis of model is carried out using different accelograms and under horizontal motion or simultaneously to the horizontal and vertical motions, and the time history of piers, axial and shear forces and also longitudinal displacements are studied. Results show the important variation of axial force, which could produce circumferential cracks in RC piers.


Allium stracheyi Baker (Alliaceae, 2600–3000 m asl), an endangered species of Central Himalaya, India, has low seed germination in its natural habitat. This study is an attempt to improve seed germination by determining the seed viability with a low mean germination time (MGT) and germination index (GI) under optimum temperature, light, and pre-soaking treatments. The seeds were pre-soaked in hot water (80°C), cold water (10°C), and gibberellic acid (GA3 at 50 and 100 mg/l) for 24 h and subjected to light (12 h light and 12 h dark) and continuous dark (24 h) conditions with different temperature regimes (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30°C). The viability varied between 66.0% and 69.67% and declined rapidly after 12 months of storage. Our studies suggest that the 100 mg/l GA3 treatment was beneficial for seed germination and seedling growth. Pre-soaking in a 100 mg/l GA3 solution and incubation at 20°C under light conditions enhanced the germination significantly (p < 0.05) and resulted in the highest (97.3%) germination with the lowest MGT = 5.7 days, with GI = 8.11. The recommendations of this study support the conservation of alpine A. stracheyi via simple and cost-effective techniques for optimal seed germination.


The aim of this study was to characterize the anticonvulsant effects of levetiracetam (LEV) in combination with lamotrigine (LTG – a second-generation antiepileptic drug), in the mouse 6 Hz psychomotor seizure model. Limbic (psychomotor) seizure activity was evoked in albino Swiss mice by a current (32 mA, 6 Hz, 3 s stimulus duration) delivered via ocular electrodes and isobolographic analysis for parallel dose-response relationship curves (DRRCs) was used to characterize the consequent anticonvulsant interactions between the drug combinations. Results indicated that LEV administered singly was associated with a DRRC that was parallel to that for LTG. With isobolography for parallel DRRCs, the combination of LEV with LTG at three fixed-ratios of 1:3, 1:1 and 3:1 exerted additive interaction. LEV combined with LTG exerted additive interaction in the mouse 6 Hz psychomotor seizure model. to Litchfield and Wil coxon [13]. The theo reti cally ad di tive ED 50 add val ues and their S.E. at the fixed-ratio com bi na tions of 1:3, 1:1 and 3:1 were also cal cu lated with this pro grammed spread sheet. All sta tis ti cal tests were per formed us ing com mer cially avail able Graph Pad Prism ver sion 4.0 for Win dows (Graph Pad Soft ware, San Di ego, CA, USA).


Abstract : This thesis examines the judgements of experts as to the potential threat the development of parapsychology would play in the national security of the United States. In order to accomplish this, a questionnaire distributed to authors of articles on parapsychology was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). In addition, a section is included on the history of Soviet studies in this field. Recommendations are made for areas requiring further investigation. (Author)


In the current paper, polycarboxylate ethers (PCE), the new generation of dispersants for refractory castables, are presented in respect of their chemical structure and the mode of action. The influence of these additives on the hydration process of Calcium Aluminate Cements (CAC) is discussed. Furthermore, the advantages of the polycarboxylate ethers as additives in castables are presented. It is shown that the benefit of PCEs is twofold: they improve both the fresh and hardened properties of the concrete. Thus, these polymers contribute essentially in the production of enhanced refractory materials. INTRODUCTION The industrial production of refractory castables started almost 75 years ago in the United States and later on in Japan. The use of refractory castables was continuously expanded and the chemical and physical properties improved. In the beginning, this was only possible with the extension and improvement of the Calcium Aluminate Cements (CAC). But a real push of innovation of refractory castables took place in the mid 80 ́s, when castables were produced with sophisticated formulations, which outperformed even refractory bricks in many applications. The technology which allowed such concretes to be developed, was dependent on two main factors: a) the theories of particle packing and optimised granulometry and b) the availability of ultrafine silicas (silica fumes) and aluminas (1). The availability of the ultrafine fillers allowed the formulation of continuous gradings down to submicrometer levels, and as consequence, it was possible to formulate refractory castables with cement contents in the range of 5 to 8 per cent (2). These castables became known as low-cement castables (LCC) or in the U.S. as low-water castables. Further improvements led to the development of ultra-low cement castables (ULCC), where the cement content was even reduced down to 3 to 5 per cent. The latest technology has concentrated on the optimization of the rheology such that castables can even be placed without mechanical vibration. These are known as self-flow castables (SFC), or pumped and gunned, known as "shotcrete". But all these latest developments would not have been possible without the use of additives, especially the deflocculants or plasticizers – or in a more general terminus also called "rheology modifiers" – which contributed essentially to the development of the above mentioned types of castable. These additives influence and improve the flow characteristics of the refractory mix design. They allow an easier and faster placement and result in superior physical and mechanical properties of the hardened refractory. The function of the plasticizers is, especially in the low and ultra-low cement castables, to influence the surface charge of the fines in that way that a coagulation in the suspension is avoided. In the past, proteins, lignosulfonates, melamine-formaldehyde resins, naphthalene sulfonates, polyphosphates and later on polyacrylates were used as plasticizer and are still in use. However, the most recent development in plasticizers are the so-called polycarboxylate ethers, which are not only very efficient in terms of water reduction but also in improved workability. Depending on the chemical structure, polycarboxylate ethers influence the hydration process of the Calcium Aluminate Cement. Thus, they can either retard or accelerate the cement hydration process, which gives either a prolonged workability of the refractory material at elevated temperatures, or results in a more rapid development of the green strength which is desired by the production of precast elements. The purpose of this article is to give an overview on the recently developed types of polycarboxylate ethers, especially on their structure, the mode of action and the benefits in respect to the castable properties which are achievable. CHEMICAL CONSTITUTION OF POLYCARBOXYLATE ETHERS (PCE) Polycarboxylate ethers are polyelectrolytes with a main chain bearing negatively charged functional groups and additional side chains as depicted in figure 1. The side chain is generally a water soluble polyether, particularly a polytheylene glycol. If the PCE is sufficiently stretched in the aqueous environment, the backbone of the polymer can rotate freely around the CC bonds and the entire molecule adopts a trunk like conformation with the charged backbone in the center (longitudinal axis), whereas the side chains themselves are more or less helically looped. The length of the main chain and the side chain of the stretched polymer can be estimated from the typical atom – atom bond distances and bonding angles. For the PCEs used in refractory applications, the main chain length is usually in the nanoscale range of 3 to 20 nm, and the side chain length from 3 to 40 nm, respectively. The dimensional shape of some dispersants is also illustrated in figure 1. Page 2 of 6 9th Biennial Worldwide Congress on Refractories


The design thinking approach places the customer up front, with an emphasis on building empathy with users, observing their behavior, and drawing conclusions about what people want and need. When manifested in multidisciplinary teams, this approach leverages design processes and promotes realization of the required user experience, including usability and accessibility requirements. In this positional paper, a new approach to the technological evolution occurring in our complex world is proposed, which requires knowledge integration and the linking of diverse disciplinary fields. Many scholars are already working on improving methodologies that enable multidisciplinary integration. People with different professional backgrounds, however, often have different value systems and professional practices, which can lead to misunderstanding and conflict. Drawing on the current body of literature in the areas of design thinking approach, agile frameworks, and creativity, this paper discusses the potential of using a design product developed in a multidisciplinary team, as a boundary object that "glues together" the various disciplines represented in the team. The proposal follows a study conducted during multidisciplinary learning events at Shenkar College, in which multidisciplinary teams of students from engineering, design, and art faculties created design products together. The study revealed that engineers and designers have different design practices, which at times conflict and may lead to frustration, lack of engagement, and process inefficiency. The pro-posed approach aims at overcoming the observed results and fosters enhanced processes that encompass the different perspectives. We demonstrate this approach using a design object created in a multidisciplinary team.


Modeling of liquid water distribution in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is challenged by uncertainties in characterizing the two-phase transport properties of the porous transport layer (PTL) and the catalyst layer (CL). Capillary pressure, representing both pore structures and wetting features of the porous media, is a key factor in controlling liquid water transport and distribution in the porous electrode of PEMFCs. By incorporating experimentally measured capillary pressure functions, a single-domain, three-dimensional, and two-phase transport model was developed to predict liquid water saturation in the PTL and CL of a PEMFC with long straight channels, where the two-phase flow complications were minimized at practical stoichiometry. In the cathode CL, the liquid water saturation was found to be higher under the channel than that under the ribs at high current densities. In the cathode PTL, however, the liquid water saturation level was observed to be lower under the channel than that under the ribs. At high current densities, the average water saturation levels are insensitive to current density and fall in the range of 0.4-0.5 in the CL and 0.2-0.3 in the PTL. Finally, the effects of liquid water on oxygen transport and cell performance were investigated.


Purpose – This paper seeks to discuss the need for development and conceptualization of the learning outcomes and competences approach in creating information science curricula.Design/methodology/approach – An analytical approach to the theoretical insights and the results of previous and current empirical research projects was taken together with the detailed analysis of the Department of Information Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb program in order to prove the necessity of the educational approach based on competences and learning outcomes.Findings – Learning outcomes should be the ultimate goal to be achieved by the teaching staff and students through the educational process. It is necessary that the learning outcomes approach along with the necessity for specific outcomes and competences should be determined by the university teachers on a conceptual as well as an implemental level. Competences that information sciences students are expected to attain (defined...


This paper deals with the control-oriented modeling of a multilayered dielectric elastomer actuator based tube. The actuator is clamped at both sides and performs a radial displacement. The hyperelastic deformation and the viscoelastic performance, together with the electro-mechanical coupling are considered in the model. With the chosen Yeoh's model for the Helmholtz free energy function, we aim to model the snap-through effect of this tubular actuator at high applied voltage. Simulation results of the nonlinear dynamic model are later compared with experimental ones in order to identify unknown parameters of the dielectric elastomer, especially to fit the snap-through effect and the high frequency performance. With proper identification process, our model has a good accuracy to fit the physical system (more than 90.27% for a ramp input and more than 82.7% for a step input) and is ready for the future controller design.


The research takes the construction of standardized and normalized numerical control technology professional practice teaching conditions as the goal, and combined with the achievements of Tangshan Polytechnic College in the process of building national backbone institutions, the guiding ideology and basic thoughts for the construction of practical teaching conditions are pointed out. The thesis also gives a comprehensive and detailed elaboration on the functional orientation, hardware configuration and the connotation construction for school training base, meanwhile it clarifies the regulations for the construction and operation of outside school training base. The research will facilitate the training of high-quality skill-oriented numerical control human resources.


The invention discloses a manufacture method of an ultrathin compound thin-wall insulated cable for high-speed trains, which comprises the process steps of: manufacturing a conductor: twisting a plurality of thin tinned hopper wires layer by layer in the same direction for a plurality of times to prepare the conductor; extruding an insulating layer outside the conductor, wherein the insulating layer includes an inner insulating layer and an outer insulating layer and is processed and formed once by a double-layer co-extruding processing system by using an irradiation crosslinked polyolefin material which has good compatibility in both layers, is suitable for ultrathin extrusion, but has difference on respective formula and function emphasis and has complementarily on performance. The cable produced with the manufacture method has the performances of oscillation resistance, impact resistance, high temperature resistance, low temperature resistance, mineral oil resistance, fuel oil resistance, acid-base resistance and high fire resistance.


The variety of wound dressings available is growing as more is learned about wound healing. The major types of moist dressings are discussed with descriptions of their uses, advantages, and disadvantages.


Objective To study various risky factors of delayed intracranial hematoma.Methods98delayed intracranial patients after first surgical interventions.were investigated retrospectively in764traumatic intracerebral hematoma patients treated surgically from Jan.1994to Dec.2002.Correlation analysis was performed between the multiple risky factors and delayed intracranial hematoma associated.Results significant correlation was found between the multiple risky factors and delayed intracranial hematoma.Conclusion The delayed intracranial hematoma is common serious complications which follows first operations removing intracranial hematoma.Early diagnosis and management are crucial the keys to reduce mortality rate and mutilation rate.


The utility model discloses a drive device of water wave energy power generation equipment. The drive device comprises a gas turbine connected with a power generator and further comprises an air cylinder and a floating block, wherein the air cylinder is vertically arranged underwater and is composed of a piston rod, a piston and a cylinder body, the floating block is arranged on a water surface above the air cylinder in a floating manner and is connected with the piston rod, the upper part of the cylinder body is provided with an upper air inlet pipe and an upper air outlet pipe, the lower part of the cylinder body is provided with a lower air inlet pipe and a lower air outlet pipe, the inner cavity of the cylinder body is connected with the gas turbine through the upper air outlet pipe and the lower air outlet pipe and is communicated with the atmosphere through the upper air inlet pipe and the lower air inlet pipe, and the upper air inlet pipe, the lower air inlet pipe, the upper air outlet pipe and the lower air outlet pipe are respectively provided with a one-way valve. The drive device disclosed by the utility model is simple in structure and low in cost, can be arranged on the water surface of an inland river and the ocean, in which water waves are produced, to convert the energy produced through water waves into electric energy.


That the German publication of Situating the Self: Gender, Community and Postmodernism in Contemporary Ethics would generate a different set of concerns than those voiced by the book's Anglo-American critics should come as no surprise.1 So far the latter have focused on my analysis of Rawls and the extent to which my claim that the 'original position' reflected the standpoint of the 'generalized other' was justified.2 A different set of objections have been voiced by feminist theorists, and in particular by Iris Young, who has argued that the procedure of 'moral reversibility' and 'taking the standpoint of the other' which I advocate


A selection. Sections: 1. Intelligent Utilization of Materials Information (28 papers). 2. Materials Design and Electronic Structure (24 papers). 3. Model and Simulation of Lattice Defects (15 papers). 4. Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Materials (15 papers). 5. Structures, Properties and Reactions of Organic Materials (22 papers). 6. Model and Simulation of Metal Processing (33 papers). 7. Simulation of Semiconductor Processing and Devices (19 papers). 8. Alloy Phase Diagrams and Alloy Design (24 papers). 9. Structures and Properties of Glasses and Ceramics (8 papers). 10. Structures and Properties of Composite Materials (8 papers). Author Index. Subject Index.


AbstractConcrete is a composite material composed mainly of water, sand, aggregate, and cement. The characteristics of high attenuation of concrete for ultrasound degrade the performance of ultraso...


One layer everted end‐to‐end anastomosis was performed on the small bowel of mongrel dogs. Cultures of Serratia marcescens were injected into the lumen. Twenty‐four hours later the animals were reexplored, and peritoneal cultures were observed. In animals where Fibrin Seal (consisting of fibrinogen, cold insoluble globulin, factor XIII, platelet growth factor, antiplasmin, thrombin, and calcium chloride) was applied to the suture line, negative cultures were found except for two experiments in which dehiscence or contamination from the Serratia injection site occurred.


T he worldwide application of geothermal energy for direct utilization is reviewed. This paper is based on the world update for direct-use presented at the World Geothermal Congress 2010 in Bali, Indonesia (WGC2010) [1] which also includes material presented at three world geothermal congresses in Italy, Japan and Turkey (WGC95, WGC2000 and WGC2005). This report is based on country update papers prepared for WGC2010 and data from other sources. Final update papers were received from 70 countries of which 66 reported some direct utilization of geothermal energy for WGC2010. Twelve additional countries were added to the list based on other sources of information. The 78 countries having direct utilization of geothermal energy, is a significant increase from the 72 reported in 2005, the 58 reported in 2000, and the 28 reported in 1995. An estimate of the installed thermal power for direct utilization at the end of 2009, reported from WGC2010 is 48,493 MWt, almost a 72 % increased over the 2005 data, growing at a compound rate of 11.4% annually with a capacity factor of 0.28. The thermal energy used is 423,830 TJ/year (117,740 GWh/yr), about a 55% increase over 2005, growing at a compound rate of 9.2% annually. The distribution of thermal energy used by category is approximately 47.2% for ground-source heat pumps, 25.8% for bathing and swimming (including balneology), 14.9% for space heating (of which 85% is for district heating), 5.5% for greenhouses and open ground heating, 2.8% for industrial process heating, 2.7% for aquaculture pond and raceway heating, 0.4% for agricultural drying, 0.5% for snow melting and cooling, and 0.2% for other uses. Energy savings amounted to 250 million barrels (38 million tonnes) of equivalent oil annually, preventing 33 million tonnes of carbon and 107 million tonnes of CO 2 being release to the atmosphere which includes savings in geothermal heat pump cooling (compared to using fuel oil to generate electricity).


Dispersed generation generally refers to power generation onthe customer side of a power network. This article demonstrates theimprovement in network parameters which could be achieved by us -ing single and multiple Distributed Generation units in three selectedstandard networks. A reliable multi variable method is used for find -ing optimal installation point and size of distributed generation units.Their sites and sizes are recognized by implementation of a proposedmethod with exhaustive search. Optimization has been applied onnetwork total active and reactive losses together with voltage varia -tion. IEEE 6, 14 and 30 buses standard networks have been selected asstudy cases. The total active and reactive power losses are minimizedwhile voltage profile is improved by installing Distributed Generationunits on recognized optimal points with achieved optimal size.


The Philippines is one of the most mineralised countries in the world, but the mining sector has been under-performing for decades. In 1997, President Ramos sought to revitalise the sector with a new "investor friendly" Mining Act. However, as soon as the legislation was enacted, anti-mining lobby groups challenged its legitimacy in the Supreme Court. After a number of years delay, the Supreme Court finally ruled on the constitutionality of the new Act. As a consequence of this, and of other regulatory innovations, the government has heralded a new era for mining investment in the country. This article argues that it is premature to claim, as some industry insiders have, that the Philippines mining sector is "back in business". Signifcant regulatory and governance problems remain. These are likely to deter foreign investors for some time to come.


When a robust servo system having an integral element has a large error input, it often has the windup phenomena caused by output saturation. It is very difficult for a strictly proper and high order controller to avoid having the windup phenomena caused by output saturation. This paper newly proposes the digital robust speed servo system with the complete consideration algorithm of output saturation. The proposed algorithm completely considers the output saturation of robust speed controller connected to PI current controller in series. Moreover, this method can apply to both PI speed controller and H∞ speed controller. The experimental results show that the robust speed servo system having the proposed algorithm has a good and stable response for a large step speed command.


Abstract : This report describes data analysis of meridian-scanning photometer data and satellite particle data, taken on the ATS field line. The particles that generate diffuse aurora are identified. A complete absolute calibration of the DMSP imaging system is presented. Ongoing co-ordinated analysis is described. (Author)


Many exact, heuristic, and metaheuristic algorithms have been proposed to effectively produce high quality solutions to vehicle routing problems. However, it remains an open question which algorithm is the most appropriate for solving a given problem instance, mostly because the different strengths and weaknesses of algorithms are still not well understood. We propose an extensive feature set for describing capacitated vehicle routing problem instances and illustrate how it can be used in algorithm selection, and how different feature selection approaches can be used to recognize the most relevant features for this task.


unions from vital functions, such as collective bargaining, and from representing their members in the statutory procedure for the settlement of labor disputes. The unions were handicapped also by the fact that no legal provisions exist protecting workers from discharge because of their membership or their activity in unions, and that strikes and lockouts, as defined by the Labor Code, are prohibited. The Mission concluded that while freedom of association and the right to organize and to b a r g a in collectively are recognized by Turkish laws, many changes in legislation and administration are still necessary to assure the implementation of these fundamental rights. Among the Mission's numerous recommendations are the extension of these rights to white-collar workers who at present are not covered; less supervision and interference in union affairs by public authorities; greater freedom for the affiliation of unions, nationally and internationally; and a clear legal protection for trade union officials and members. The Mission also suggests a stronger legal basis for collective bargaining and the participation of labor in the preparation of the factory rules to be issued by the employer according to the Labor Code. In the matter of industrial disputes, the observations of the Mission are "based on the assumption that the existing system of compulsory arbitration in Turkey is likely to be maintained." The Mission proposes to place employers' delegates and trade unions on an equal footing in the dispute procedure, and to limit the election of delegates to undertakings where the majority of the employees are n o t m e m b e r s of a trade union. Finally, labor as well as employer organizations should participate in the formation of the arbitration boards. In scrutinizing the Missions' carefully worded conclusions in the field of industrial relations the reader may become aware of an element of restraint. He may become conscious also of the fact that, neither in this chapter nor in the "General Observations," anything is said about the political philosophy of the Turkish regime, prevailing at the time of the investigation, and which, without doubt, largely explains the legal provisions and the policies on issues such as labor representation, compulsory arbitration, and the negation of a right to strike and lockout. It is highly significant that a few months after the Mission completed its report a new political party with a somewhat different ideology came to power in Turkey through democratic elections. Its platform announces changes in industrial relations much more radical than those proposed by the Mission, including even the permission of strikes and lockouts. Here then, the particular conditions and limitations under which the ILO operates become evident. While it lives up to the best standards of independent research in its findings of facts and its reporting of legislative provisions, the ILO is subject to self-imposed restrictions in the interpretation of its findings and still more in its conclusions and recommendations, for reasons of international courtesy and diplomacy, and to assure a satisfactory future relationship with the Member State whose labor conditions are being investigated. The line to which criticism and advice may go without serious repercussions cannot be defined by logical processes. Rather, it is a problem to be solved by tact and by discretion. Another recent Mission report of the ILO, "Freedom of Association and Conditions of Work in Venezuela," Geneva 1950 and 1951, dealing with the freedom of labor in Venezuela, has been violently attacked by the Member State as lacking this tact and exceeding the Mission's mandate. No such reproach may be expected in the case of the report on Turkey.


Innovations in information technology are not only changing the way people interact with each other but also reshaping how patients engage with medicine. Now an increasing number of people are able to access healthcare remotely from anywhere through these technologies. Individuals who require access to a distant specialist are able to connect with one through this medium. With a population of over 200 million served by about 45,000 doctors, Nigeria, Africa's most populous country is faced with a challenge to meet the healthcare needs of its population. This study highlights the current state, unique challenges and future prospects for telemedicine in Nigeria.


Measurement of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA may be beneficial in managing the treatment of patients with chronic HCV infection. In a phase 3 study comparing consensus interferon (IFN) and IFN‐α2b treatment in patients with chronic HCV infection, serum samples were assayed for HCV RNA using two different assays: a quantitative multicycle reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) method and the Quantiplex branched‐chain DNA (bDNA) method. Lower and upper detection limits were 100 copiesml–1 and 5×106 copiesml–1, respectively, for the RT–PCR method, and 3.5×105 and 4×107 genome equivalentsml–1, respectively, for the bDNA method. The two assays were generally concordant over the common range of detectability. The major discrepancy was where PCR still indicated detectable virus in the sample but the bDNA result was negative. Assessment of serum samples during IFN treatment demonstrated that 37% of samples were negative for HCV RNA by bDNA but positive by RT–PCR. Differences were also noted in the quantification of baseline HCV RNA by genotype. These data suggest that HCV patients could be categorized as treatment responders by the bDNA assay when the more sensitive RT–PCR assay indicates lack of complete viral response.


Concentrated electric field and its energy in materials, containing nanofibers, are discussed. It is shown that the electric field in the vicinity of the end of a fiber is proportional to the external applied field and to the fiber length, whilst it is inversely proportional to the fiber diameter. Specific electrostatic energy of a fiber in a sample under the action of external applied field is calculated. This energy appears to be negative and proportional to the ratio of the fiber length to its diameter. This means that longer fibers are more stable than the shorter ones.


Double entry bookkeeping is generally considered to be a topic that students struggle to learn. In part, this is seen as being due to their lacking awareness of both business processes and of the business environment in which accounting operates, which makes double entry appear an abstract concept and one they find hard to justify the effort of learning. It is also seen by many faculties as failing to encourage critical thinking; and as a purely mechanical process that is unnecessary in a university degree in accounting – that it belongs in the professional office where it can be taught in context in the work environment. This paper argues that there is an alternative justifiable view that, far from being unnecessary and failing to encourage critical thinking, knowledge and understanding of double entry is a key element required of anyone who seeks to fully engage in critical thinking concerning the validity of accounting information. It argues that double entry should be retained in the undergraduate accounting curriculum – that its absence from the curriculum encourages blind acceptance of accounting information as 'truth' and makes it more difficult to encourage accounting students to think critically about accounting information at later stages of their studies. This paper suggests that by adopting an accounting history-based approach, students can be presented with a context that may overcome their traditional failure to grasp the topic well at an early stage in their accounting studies. To support this claim, the paper suggests themes that could be covered when introducing the topic, suggests sources of teaching material, and offers access to historical background material concerning the 'father of accounting', Luca Pacioli, in order to assist faculties that wish to try it for themselves in the classroom.


This article investigates how the culturally constrictive notions of disability produce a discourse that is particularly pervasive in the interpretation of abortion and adoption practices. In particular, this article addresses the African American response to the sociallymaintained clinical construction of blackness as a unifying genealogical, genetic, and psychological impairment in the American culture. In this concern, the theatre of Kia Corthron, an African American playwright, investigates the physical and psychopathological implication of racial disability for black women. The identified research gaps are related to how Corthron expands African American playwrights" critique of the alignment of blackness with disability to investigate other symptoms of racial disability. In particular, Corthron"s Cage Rhythm and Come Down Burning contest the presentation of abortion and adoption as consistent definers of the sociallyconstructed racial disability of female blackness that entails deprivation of viable options for Black motherhood. In this regard, Corthron"s plays envision how disabled black women could mobilize their own terms of abortion or child relinquishment and adoption to invert the racially-motivated gynecological grounds that predispose the oppressive correlation of disability, abortion, and adoption.


The experience applying self-ignite gangue was accumulated by investigating the application of self-ignite gangue in highway engineering. The result indicates in highroad engineering it is an effective way reasonably extending the synthetic using of self-ignite gangue.The new technique has obvious economic benefit and social benefit.


BACKGROUND
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of neurodegenerative disorder. There are few effective medications for halting the progression of AD. Telmisartan (TEL) is a widely used anti-hypertensive drug approved by FDA. Aside from treating hypertension, TEL has been revealed to provide protection against AD. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of TEL against AD.

METHODS
Eight-month-old APP/PS1 mice were administered with 5 mg/kg TEL once per day for 4 successive months. Nesting test, Y-maze test, and Morris water maze test were employed to assess the cognitive and executive functions. Neuronal and synaptic markers, Aβ pathology, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress in the brains were measured. Specifically, components involved in amyloid-β (Aβ) production and degradation pathway were analyzed to explore the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of TEL against Aβ pathology. The primary microglia were used to uncover the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of TEL in AD. Additionally, the preventive effect of TEL against AD were investigated using 4-month-old APP/PS1 mice.

RESULTS
TEL treatment ameliorated cognitive and executive impairments, neuronal and synaptic injury, Aβ pathology, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress in APP/PS1 mice. The favorable effects of TEL on Aβ pathology were achieved by inhibiting enzymatic Aβ production and facilitating enzymatic and autophagic Aβ degradation. Meanwhile, the anti-inflammatory effects of TEL were accomplished via microglial PPARγ/NLRP3 pathway. The administration of TEL prior to symptom onset prevented AD-related cognitive decline and neuropathologies.

CONCLUSION
TEL represents a promising agent for AD prevention and treatment.


Objective To investigate the current cognition of hospice care among nursing undergraduates, and analyze the influencing factors affecting their cognition, so as to provide suggestions for improving the cognition of hospice care among nursing undergraduates. Methods 290 nursing undergraduates were selected for an online questionnaire survey. The questionnaire includes general information, hospice care knowledge, and hospice care attitude. Results The mean score of the hospice care knowledge questionnaire is 9.68plus-or-minus sign4.73, and the mean score of the attitude questionnaire is 62.59plus-or-minus sign7.29. The influencing factors of hospice care cognition of nursing undergraduates are gender, age, religious belief, the only child, internship experience, grade, source of death experience, death talk at home, and access to hospice care knowledge. Conclusion Nursing undergraduates' lack of knowledge of hospice care, and hospice care attitude is more positive, suggesting that nursing undergraduates should strengthen hospice care education according to the influencing factors, and call for government support, in order to further improve nursing undergraduates' hospice care cognition status.


We present a general upper bound on the capacity-memory tradeoff over degraded broadcast channels (BCs) with cache memories at the receivers.