A LED lighting system becomes a promising alternative as a substitute of fluorescent and incandescent lights due to high light efficacy and long lifetime. The proposed AC-DC converter implements TRIAC dimming with smooth brightness control. While controlling TRIAC dimming, LED current is regulated by primary side regulation (PSR) to save BOM cost such as LED current sensing circuit and opto-coupler. Compact active damper is also applied to stabilize converter operation during dimmer firing with better efficiency and minimized components. The linear frequency control reduces conduction loss and guarantees DCM operation in the wide range of output voltage, which shows excellent power factor correction in single stage flyback topology. The proposed TRIAC-dimming PSR converter has been experimentally verified in 7W LED lighting system.


D interaction devices are essential tools to demonstrate the diverse and innovative interaction forms that virtual and augmented reality (VR and AR) applications may offer. When users interact with a virtual scenario, the interaction tools need to make them feel that the real world where they are has a connection with the virtual scenario they are looking at. This is the context of this work, that brings the functionality of a laser pointer to a virtual scenario. By means of the implementation of an optical tracking system, a pen with two markers is tracked and the ray generated by the pen's direction is used as a 3D pointer that intercepts the virtual scenario, through the monitor at the user's desktop. This experience shows how a physical device, initially designed for 2D interaction may be modeled for a VR or AR application, where the interaction occurs in 3D space.


The construction industry is experiencing a continuing boom, but that means that firms of all types and sizes are scrambling for talented and experienced staff, management, and executive-level personnel. For qualified construction professionals, this demand has created a sellers' market that has not been seen in many years, and the trend shows no signs of letting up. The competition for personnel has put pressure on salaries across the board. Contractors plan to give slightly lower raises in 1998 than in 1997, but such plans tend to be on the conservative side. In 1997, they gave salary increases for staff-level employees averaging 4.38%, as opposed to 1998 plans for 4.02%. The engineering profession as a whole seems to be in a healthy state. In the construction industry, design firms gave average annual increases of 4.18% in 1997, and are planning average raises of 4.33% for 1998. No geopgraphic pattern has emerged for the level of raises. Bonuses are on the upswing, and performance bonuses on the project executive and upper management level averaging are averaging 25-30%, with 40-60% not unusual. Another growing trend is the signing bonus. Outside of bonus plans, traditional benefit packages seem to be getting less attention from both candidates and firms than in the past and seem to be remaining stable.


It would be une mechancete sans pareille for a Tudor historian to instruct Professors Hollister and Cheyette in the elements of feudalism. It would be even a worse folly to pretend that historians' verbal differences about their terminology will be resolved before the coming of the Greek Kalends. Nonetheless, it may not seem pointless to mention that neither Hollister nor Cheyette paid close enough attention to Marc Bloch's vital distinction between what he called "the two ages of feudalism." (Marc Bloch, Feudal Society, tr. L. A. Manyon (Chicago, 1961), pp. 59 and 59-72 passim.) By so doing, perhaps, some may feel that part of the difference between Hollister's and Cheyette's views will melt away. I will not rehearse in detail the argument which can be read in the pages of the J.B.S. Rather, I will seize upon the single point that interests me here. Cheyette is concerned with the too restrictive conception of feudalism employed by Hollister, especially when compared with the total societal implications of Bloch's "definition." Hollister defends himself, rightly, I think, against the charge by noting that Cheyette offers some crude paraphrases in place of Hollister's own careful statements about both Bloch and what Hollister designated as the meaning of feudalism. Then, in his reply to Cheyette, Hollister emphasizes his main point again, which I shall simply quote in order to avoid incurring wrath aroused by error in paraphrasing:


Summary
Flame weeders are a valuable weed management tool for organic growers and potentially for non-organic producers, if the number of registered herbicides continues to decrease. However, they have a number of problems including low-energy efficiency, fire risk and reduced performance in windy conditions. Steam has been shown to be a superior means of heat transfer to weeds and therefore steam weeders should outperform flame weeders. However, producing sufficient quantities of steam on tractor-mounted equipment has been problematic, because the standard designs of pressurised steam boilers are ill-suited for agricultural use. The 'direct-fired steam' weeder described here, is considered to resolve this problem, by spraying water as a fine mist directly into hot exhaust gases from a burner, causing it to evaporate quickly, thus negating the needs for a pressurised system. This design is diesel powered, but could also be run on renewable fuels such as vegetable oil, addressing concerns about the use of non-renewable 'fossil fuels' for thermal weeding. This approach is considered both effective in terms of steam generation and sufficiently practical and low enough in inherent risk for agricultural use. Production of commercial steam weeders based on this concept has commenced in New Zealand.


This article looks at the forgotten history of a television programme on venereal disease for teenagers broadcast in the United Kingdom (excluding Scotland) in 1973. It was produced by BBC Schools and Colleges and deemed to be very successful. The production was one of a trio of programmes entitled 'Health Hazards', from the series Twentieth Century Focus, which reflected issues relevant to teenagers over a period of social change from the 1960s to the 1970s. The archive record is lean on schools programming and this programme is very well documented from concept to delivery, representing a discrete, but ephemeral, intervention into 1970s sex educational broadcasting. This research contributes something new about public health and sexual education in the period immediately before AIDS.


To meet national valorisation goals, universities are increasingly interested in attracting companies to their campuses and in stimulating encounters between university and company employees to enhance cooperation and to foster innovation. One way of doing so is to design spaces and services in such a way that they optimize encounters. However, Buck consultants (2014)1 found that campuses are having difficulties in developing and offering a diverse and attractive range of buildings and services to (potentially interested) companies. As a result, university facility management is looking for ways to improve the quality of spaces and services in such a way that companies are attracted and interaction between companies and universities is stimulated.Our systematic literature review identifies the existing body of knowledge (current state-of-the-art) on how campus design - on both spaces and services - can stimulate serendipitous meetings. The study links various fields and different theories that interconnect on how 'hard' facilities (built environment) and 'soft' facilities (services) influence interaction potential. Although many studies indicate a relationship between design / environment and human behaviour (such as environmental psychology), limited attention is paid to the specific design concepts and elaborations which are meant to increase interaction for these different user groups. Our main findings are that there is very little overlap between the fields of 'hard' and 'soft' facility services regarding campuses and serendipitous meetings. Also, in each field individually the body of knowledge is predominantly related to different scales or settings (e.g. building, campus or region scale). Based upon our results we have developed a conceptual model providing an overview of the published concepts and elaborations in spaces and services design that influence human behaviour on campus. This model clearly reveals a need for further evidence-based research on the campus scale.1. Buck Consultants International. (2014). Inventarisatie en analyse campussen 2014. Den Haag.


An adversarial attack generates harmful text that fools a target model. More dangerously, this text is unrecognizable by humans. Existing work detects adversarial text and corrects a target's prediction by identifying perturbed words and changing them into their synonyms, but many benign words are also changed. In this paper, we directly detect adversarial text, correct the prediction, and suggest perturbed words by checking the change in the hard labels from the target's predictions after replacing a word with its transformation using a model that we call C HECK HARD. The experiments demonstrate that C HECK HARD outperforms existing work on various attacks, models, and datasets.


S ingle emitter spectroscopy techniques have become standard methods in physics, chemistry, biology and especially in interdisciplinary research. Heterogeneities inaccessible through ensemble experiments may be resolved and discriminated on the single particle level. Especially the investigation of donor–acceptor systems benefits strongly from these methods, since the fractional labelling and the type and strength of interaction can be extracted directly from single assemblies. Therefore, in optical spectroscopy the PL intensity, PL lifetime, polarisation and the PL spectrum are exploited to discriminate between different species and to characterise each component. Ensemble observations may subsequently become comprehensible from single emitter experiments. In the following section, technical details will be provided on optical wide-field and confocal microscopes allowing for single emitter detection.


•Branhamella (Neisseria) catarrhalishas been reported as the etiologic agent of serious systemic human infections with increasing frequency. Two cases (pneumonia and septicemia) in which this organism was recovered as the sole bacterial pathogen are described herein. A brief review of the literature elucidating the disease entities with whichB catarrhalishas been associated is presented. Optimal antimicrobial therapeutic regimens are also discussed. (Arch Intern Med1981;141:1690-1692)


We show the absence of the Adler-Bell-Jackiw (ABJ) anomaly for a Horava-Lifshitz–like QED with any even z. Besides this, we study the graph contributing to the ABJ anomaly at non-zero temperature and extend Fujikawa's methodology for studying the integral measure to our model.


Integral indices of the circulation system and peripheral blood can be regarded as sensitive parameters for registration of preclinical deviations. They allow us to conduct preliminary estimation of adaptation level of population or production teams.


Finely ground seeds of wheat, sunflower, coffee and french bean were either hydrolysed in acid directly, or after extraction with ethanol and/or after treatment in alkali to hydrolyse any O-acetyl sialic acids present. The acid hydrolysates were fractionated by ion-exchange chromatography. Sialic acid was not detected in any of the materials examined but quinic acid was found in all of them. It is concluded that some previous reports of sialic acid in plant seeds and tissues may have been due to the presence of quinic acid and of other compounds, which show rather similar properties to sialic acid in chromatographic and colorimetric methods of analysis.


The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the Government Internal Control System (SPIP) on the quality of financial reports produced by the Sei Nadoras Village Office, Bandar Pasir Mandoge District. This research method is associative research. This research was conducted at the Sei Nadoras Village Office, and the data used in the analysis came directly from the responses to the questionnaires that the researchers gave to the sample group which consisted of thirty workers who were the respondents. A saturation sampling approach was used in sample collection for this investigation. The results showed that the tcount value was 1.706 which was smaller than the ttable value of 2.04841, and the significance value was 0.099 which was greater than 0.05. Thus, the Government Internal Control System (SPIP) cannot explain why financial reports are of high quality. This shows that the impact cannot be calculated from the internal control system on the quality of financial reports. From the results of the study it was also found that only the risk assessment dimension contained in the government's internal control system did not affect the quality of financial reports, and only the reliable dimension was not affected by the government's internal control system.
Keywords: Quality of Financial Reports, Financial Reports, Government Internal Control System (SPIP)


ABSTRACT Stakeholders' attitudes about and perceptions of school-based child nutrition programs (CNPs) in Ontario were examined through focus groups and individual interviews with children (n = 46), participating parents (n = 19), nonparticipating parents (n = 22), volunteers (n = 4), program coordinators (n = 8), and educators (n = 8). Most children did not perceive stigma in participating in a CNP, although older children were concerned about image and perceptions of others. Parents of participating children perceived benefits of CNPs beyond nutrition, such as social and family convenience. However, they were aware of stigmatization in the broader community. Nonparticipating parents recognized the need for these programs but questioned the potential for abuse of the program, assigning an element of blame to parents of participating children. Volunteers and program coordinators provided insight into the types of children who attend these programs and how parents sometimes kept children from attending. Educators were in full support of these programs but conceded that older children sometimes perceived participation as unacceptable. Social stigma associated with CNPs by the broader community may be reduced by improved knowledge and awareness of the funding, quality, and universality of these programs.


We study, theoretically and numerically, domain formation and growth in a one-dimensional system with nonconserved order parameter, which evolves from an initial unstable state, through the field model equation of Ginzburg and Landau. We are able to distinguish two time regimes and to give an estimate of the separation time, associated with early-stage domain formation and their final slow growth related to domain-wall interaction.


X-ray powder diffraction along with differential thermal analysis carried out on the as-quenched samples in the 3BaO–3TiO2–B2O3 system confirmed their amorphous and glassy nature, respectively. The dielectric constants in the 1 kHz–1 MHz frequency range were measured as a function of temperature (323–748 K). The dielectric constant and loss were found to be frequency independent in the 323–473 K temperature range. The temperature coefficient of dielectric constant was estimated using Havinga's formula and found to be 16 ppm K−1. The electrical relaxation was rationalized using the electric modulus formalism. The dielectric constant and loss were 17±0.5 and 0.005±0.001, respectively at 323 K in the 1 kHz–1 MHz frequency range which may be of considerable interest to capacitor industry.


Optical fibers have been used in numerous sensing applications. Specifically, polymer-clad silica optical fibers have been employed for purposes of indirect chemical or biochemical sensors. These sensors are based on the interaction of guided light beams with extrinsic reagents immobilized in the fiber cladding. For this demand, it is necessary to enrich the fiber cladding with optical reagents with suitable optical properties without mechanical damage of cladding. Dipcoating and diffusion process have been studied and compared with respect to effective incorporation of appropriate quantities of selected organic reagents into polymer cladding. Short sections of sensitized optical fibers have been tested for potential using in ammonia fiber optic sensors.


We have developed a new numerical simulation system "ComWAVE" based on finite element method (FEM) which can conduct highly accurate ultrasonic simulations even for models with a huge number of elements over one billion. In ultrasonic testing (UT) method, the propagation of ultrasonic waves inside the structure is generally too intricate to obtain the conclusion directly from the inspected data, and it is considered to be an interfered sum of several wave phenomena, such as diffraction, surface waves and edge waves, adding to reflection and refraction. This simulator is very useful for a variety of problems associated with UT technologies. The user can observe such an intricate wave phenomena directly, using strong graphic interface, like photoelasticity testing. "ComWAVE" can calculate a waveform of A-scan and make an image of B-scan using strong post processing tools. In addition, it has a three-dimensional modeller to make an intricate model easily with CAD data. This powerful tool is very useful for UT engineer to simulate UT, especially welding joints and mechanical parts with intricate geometry. The authors provide a general explanation of this software "ComWAVE" by showing several results of practical application cases.


Fishing methods of intertidal organisms living on beach-rocks of Caponga, Iparana, and Meireles counties (Ceara  State) were characterized. The beaches were visited on days of low spring tides from September, 2005 to March, 2006. At  each beach, twelve fishermen were interviewed and answered a survey which consisted of questions concerning fishing  time, captured species, equipments used, importance of fishing; and the fishermen's perception towards pollution and  tourism interference, and changes on the quantity of animals over time of the year. The amount of species captured differed  among the beaches, being fish the most sought-after organisms. The use of line-and- hook fishing gears were predominant  at the three beaches. The main bait was shrimp and the best fishing periods were related to tidal variation. The specimens  served mainly as a food source for the fishermen, who had other activities as main income source. Predatory fishing  was mentioned as the main cause for the year-to-year decrease in the commercial catch. Pollution and tourism were not  equally observed by the interviewers. The richness of species observed on the reefs mainly consisted of juvenile organisms,  being necessary to protect such sites for reproduction and shelter as to get sustainability for future generations.


In this paper, the performance study of the FPGA-based encoder is delivered and received with little errors given the large number of applications that employ digital communication to store and retrieve data recently. Forward Error Correction units a wireless communication system region that is essential. Several types of encryption methods have been measured, and the error is completely different Convolution code writing approach, an honest technique used to rectify mistakes during the data transfer. Convolutional encoder area unit compelled to provide the output in the kind of register style with specified positions in the register. The areas in which the region is entirely arranged are likewise shown as arrows. The position of the registers provides probable state transitions wherein example, L is the register's length. Using these facts, the best way to execute of data transmission in digital communication channels is to correct errors in codes. FPGA device utilized in convolutional encoder's hardware implementation. Vivado and XILINX ISE are used for performance analysis.


Contact-metamorphosed calc-silicate hornfels of the Hwanggangni formation adjacent to Daeyasan granite in Goesan are characterized by the mineral assemblages. tremolite-clinozoisite-alkali feldspar-calcite, diopside-grossular-vesuvianite, and wollastonite-diopside-phlogopite-grossular-vesuvianite, indicating low condition during contact metamorphism. Two trends of fluid-rock interactions are recognized; combination of infiltration and buffering in the outer portion of the aureole and fluid-dominated behavior in the most part of the aureole. Modal abundance of diopside produced during metamorphism was measured in order to estimate fluid/rock ratios and permeabilities with the assumption that equivalent volume of fluids estimated from the fluid/rock ratios flow through the rock body. The calculated fluid/rock rations and permeabilities range from 0.6 to 9 and to meabilities in the calc-silicate hosted contact aureoles and expected values during progressive metamorphism by theories.


A method of calibrating downlink channels and uplink in wireless communication system of multiple inputs and multiple outputs, MIMO, comprising: obtaining a first array transmission based on a first pilot signal received via a MIMO channel between a transmitting entity and a receiving entity; said method characterized by obtaining a second transmission matrix based on an estimated response of MIMO channel and array calibration errors, first and second being, being the estimated channel response MIMO estimate a MIMO channel response and obtained based on a second pilot signal received via the MIMO channel, containing the first array of calibration errors estimates of errors in a first correction matrix used to account for responses chains transmission and reception at the transmitting entity, and containing the second calibration error matrix estimates of errors in a second correction matrix used to account for responses of transmit and receive chains at the receiving entity; and check matrices calibration errors, first and second, based on the first and second arrays of transmission.


The present investigation was undertaken to study the benefical effects of Coenzyme Q10 in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type I diabetic rats. STZ-diabetes produced a significant increase in fasting glucose levels that was associated with decrease in serum insulin levels. STZ also produced hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceredemia, increase in lipid peroxidation and decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Treatment with Coenzyme Q10 produced a significant decrease in fasting glucose levels without affecting insulin levels. Coenzyme Q10 was also found to decrease significantly AUCglucose and no significant change in AUCinsulin values in STZ-diabetic rats. Treatment with Coenzyme Q10 also caused decrease in serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride levels and an increase in HDL levels. Coenzyme Q10 treatment also reduced lipid peroxidation in diabetic rats. The elevated blood pressure in diabetic rats was also lowered. Our data suggest that Coenzyme Q10 has beneficial effects in diabetes induced complications.


The invention relates to a carbon and manganese alloy material and a preparation method thereof. The carbon and manganese alloy material comprises carbon (C), manganese (Mn), ferrum (Fe) and aluminum (Al), and moreover, by taking the total content of the carbon and manganese alloy material as a reference, the content of the C is 30-45 weight percent, the content of the Mn is 30-45 weight percent, the content of the Fe is 1-25 weight percent, the content of the Al is 3-10 weight percent, the content of phosphorus (P) is not greater than 0.15 weight percent, the content of sulfur (S) is not greater than 0.15 weight percent, the content of nitrogen (N) is not greater than 0.10 weight percent, and the content of moisture is not greater than 0.5 weight percent. The invention also provides a steel making method applying the carbon and manganese alloy material. By adopting the carbon and manganese alloy material prepared by the invention, molten steel can be stably recarburized or manganized, and the problems that the component of smelted steel is not stable, and the yield is low are solved. The recovery rate of carbon and the recovery rate of manganese are high and stable, and can be respectively and stably controlled to be between 90-96 percent, and moreover, the deoxidation rate of finished steel can also be simultaneously improved.


A-NY different workers have reported an increase in the caries experience of laboratory animals deprived of salivary gland tissue, with caries experience usually increasing concomitant with the amount of tissue removed by surgery or destroyed by chemical, radiologic, or physical technics. Kondo, Ichikawa, and Arai' have shown that extirpation of the parotid and submandibular glands of the rat resulted in a marked increase in the incidence of dental caries when compared with unoperated animals. Extirpation of the parotid glands alone resulted in a similar but less extensive increase in caries. These workers also noted that in both groups the mandibular teeth were affected to a greater degree than the teeth in the maxillary arch. Cheyne2 has reported the caries experience in rats which had various combinations of salivary glands surgically removed. His data indicated that the greatest incidence in caries occurred when both the parotid and submaxillary glands were removed, while the absence of the parotid gland itself, or the removal of the combined submaxillary and sublingual glands alone, did not approach the destructive effect of removal of the two sets of glands together. Similarly, Hukusima,3 studying the effects of submaxillary gland and combined submaxillary-parotid gland extirpation in rats, found that both procedures resulted in an increased incidence of dental caries as compared with controls. Cheyne4 also reported that fluorine reduces the incidence of dental caries in desalinated rats, there being an approximately 80 per cent reduction in caries experience of desalivated animals receiving 3 mg. of fluorine per day in the water supply as compared to desalivated rats not receiving added fluorine. Gilda and Keyes5 pointed out marked failure of weight gain in desalivated hamsters, as well as an increase in caries experience of significant proportions in both the female and the male animals. Similarly, Dale" reported an increase in caries in rats which had been desalivated, while also pointing out that in the two groups of desalivated animals used in his experiment there was a marked failure to gain weight as compared to a similar unoperated group. This weight difference was attributed in part to a lowered water consumption in the desalinated groups. Shaw and Weisberger7 also indicated that desalivated cotton rats weighed considerably less in comparison to similar unoperated


The digital manufacturing system is the process of product lifecycle management which considers the development of a perfect product. It provides the processing of manufacturing system, to be improved and optimized by the engineerings. Digital manufacturing has always been a promising technology to reduce production lead time, the cost minimization and responding to the marketing on time as well as producing qualified and quantified products over the last decades. This paper is a study review of digital manufacturing system model using holonic concept. The paper presents the characteristic of existing entities integrated with knowledge-based systems along with information science and technology. Furthermore, the paper shows an ongoing theoretical supplementary approach using computer-aided production and control (CAPC) system with three components, corresponding to the manufacturing of the products with the least time, optimum cost, and qualified product.


g H E dog is still the main vector of rabies in the western hemisphere, but certain other species have assumed imS ?f9 g portance in the spread of the disease. For example, in the rural areas of New York State in 1943, fox and cattle :,-~e5s 5sn rabies began to appear in significant numbers until in 1946 there were reported 440 cases of rabies in cattle and 308 in foxes. The increased incidence of rabies among these species is of particular interest since it occurred concomitantly with a striking drop in the incidence of the disease in dogs. This is shown by the statistics of 1947 in which there were reported 375 cases of cattle and fox rabies as compared with only 4o dog cases. It is believed by Korns1 that vaccination of dogs which was then being carried on helped to control the disease among these animals. We shall return to this subject later. Another interesting aspect of the epidemiology of rabies involves the bat. Rabies was first demonstrated in vampire bats in southern Brazil in I92I and the deduction was made that these animals were responsible for epizootics of paralytic rabies among cattle in that area from 1908 to i9i8.2 Vampire bats caused rabies among thousands of cattle in Trinidad between I925 and 1929, and between I929 and I930, seventeen human beings died of rabies transmitted by the bite of vampire bats. Pawan34 showed that bats were capable of transmitting rabies by bite as long as eighty days before they showed symptoms of disease. In rare instances bats experimentally infected developed rabies but recovered completely. de Verteuil5 showed that four vampire bats inoculated with a bovine strain of rabies transmitted the disease to twenty-five cattle although they themselves showed no symptoms of rabies. A cattle disease known as derriengue, which has been present on the west coast of Mexico for the past forty years, has been found to be due to rabies transmitted by vampire bats." Rabies has appeared among insectivorous bats in Florida


A good production system necessarily intended for production in accordance with the target company. As the development of information technology, production management more effective through data and information management within the company. As a manufacturer of a variety of plant lettuce, PT X has the potential to improve the production management system by implementing information systems more effective and efficient. Therefore, we need to design a management information system that is easily managed database to provide information quickly and accurately at managerial level. This study begins with the activities of a user needs analysis marketing manager, production and packaging manager, then performed the data flow diagram (DFD) design, designing of information systems and databases, entity relationship diagram, normalization, the last is designing of information structure and data bases using Structured Query Language (SQL). Some of the above activities be carried out simultaneously with the programming activities (coding) using PHP programming language and eventually produced an application. This application is then tested in the form of verification and validation activities. All steps are classified as the waterfall model. Based on the analysis of the company's systems, applications needed to meet the information needs of PT X for the following: (1) There are four parties (ie: Manager, Marketing Division, Production Division, and the Division of Packaging House) should be involved in information systems, (2) Information from the 4 parties must be delivered in real time, and can be accessed as soon as possible, (3) Manager can view related information from each division, (4) Manager can provide comments to each division and vice versa relevant divisions can view the message from the manager, (5)  Manager can monitor graph service level of marketing and cropping patterns of production, (6) Each division can perform data entry, editing, deletion, and display reports, (7) Necessary information in the form of a calendar to know the agenda of each division. After the test is done repeatedly so that it appears 4 prototype that is gradually getting better. The resulting application provides features; menu is devided for admin and user, the user is the  manager, marketing division, production division, and the division packing house. Each user has the same menu those are  homepage, schedule, and report. While for managers plus monitoring  menu. Last prototype facilitates the user can manage an integrated database that is displayed on a special page of the database. Each user is also given a menu to manage the database with features: inputing, searching, editing, and deleting data. The resulting database design consists of a master file 6, 8 transaction files, 8 files as database report. The database is equipped with a dynamic user interface and flexible as a medium of exchange of data and information between the relevant divisions and media support in decision-making at the managerial level PT X.


This study investigated the effect of thermal treated eggshells powder on the mechanical properties of recycled high-density polyethylene (r-HDPE) composite. Thermal treated eggshellspowder, which was labelled as carbonised eggshells powder (CESP), was prepared at a low pyrolysis temperature of 400°C for one hour. The mechanical performance of the polymer composite reinforced with CESP was compared with the untreated dried raw eggshells powder (ESP) reinforced polymer composite. Each composite sample was prepared with a weight ratio of r-HDPE/filler varied at 90/10, 80/20, and 70/30. The polymer composite was prepared through a melt blending method in an internal mixture at 175° at 32 RPM mixing rate. The composite samples were tested flexural analysis, while structure and morphology were characterised using Fourier Infrared Transformer (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Based on the finding, the interfacial adhesion of the composite between filler and matrix has improved with ESP and CESP, respectively. The composite with CESP filler at 70/30 shows the optimum flexural strength and modulus of 32.21 MPa and 2.06 GPa, respectively. Overall, the introduction of CESP offers a better performance in improving the mechanical properties of the composite as compared to ESP.


In "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock", T.S. Eliot penetrates into the incommunicability and insignificance of the common people's life in the modern society. Between the 1st and 2nd World War, poetry and criticism were mainly dominated by a single figure, T.S. Eliot, who was esteemed on both sides of the Atlantic. His poem "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" is known as the first masterpiece of modern poetry. In the poem, the poet use fragmentary images and language to illustrate Prufrock's mental state and the fragmentation of the postwar reality. In the poem, T.S. Eliot penetrates into the incommunicability and insignificance of the common people's life in the modern society. 1. Analysis of the setting and the fragmentary images In "The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock", Prufrock has gone through five stages of mental struggle: Decision, Procrastination, Destination described, Doubt and Self-Rejection. In these five stages of mental struggle, Prufrock's mind is full of confusion and doubt and finally leads to self-rejection.The setting of the poem is in the evening at an urban area, where is sick and dirty; the "half-deserted streets"; the "sawdust restaurant with oyster shells" and the "yellow fog" and the "yellow smoke" that cloak the city in a shroud of dirtiness and unclearness). The dehumanizing and depersonalizing effect of the big city makes the speaker Prufrock rather lonely and isolated. The setting of the poem settles the major messages of the poem: the meaningless, isolated and despair of the common people's life in the modern society. Another device T.S. Eliot uses to reveal Prufrock's mental state and the postwar reality is the fragmentary imagery. The Oxford Concise Dictionary of Literary Terms points out that T.S. Eliot "replaced the logical exposition of thoughts with collages of fragmentary images and complex allusions". It is claimed by Martin Scofield that the technique of the fragmentary is "related to, is perhaps a reflection of, a concern with the fragmentary in the subject matter of the poetry. The mind of Prufrock is unable to cohere into a single train of thought, unable to squeeze 'the universe into a ball/ To roll it towards some overwhelming question.' Prufrock's mental state, his mind and thought, are reflection of the reality. The shattered images in his mind are the reflection of the modern society. Ordinary people, under such an environment, are to a great extent insignificant and trivial. In the beginning of the poem, the evening is described as "spread out against the sky/ Like a patient etherized upon a table". The evening is depicted as a sick person "etherized" upon an operation table. According to Martin Scofield, evening in Eliot's poetry is often a time when "the pressures of the social and workaday world are eased, and the individual may be prompted to search for a deeper and intenser life within himself" . Evening and night are times when "the mind can turn inwards towards its inner images, towards an unconscious life". I agree with Scofield that evening is a time when people can calm down and read for their inner mind. However, in the poem the image of the evening is sick, immobile and musty; therefore, people cannot really relax themselves and have a better understanding of their spiritual world. Another thing being described is the street, which is like "a tedious argument of insidious intent". The image of the street is boring and trivial with "insidious" scheme hidden behind it. The whole background and atmosphere is sick, immobile and "etherized" which corresponds to the postwar reality that is distorted and musty. To spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways? The image of the insect being pinned on the wall and twisting painfully makes readers have a sense of discomfort and unease. It unmasks the 2018 7th International Conference on Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (SSEHR 2018) Copyright © (2018) Francis Academic Press, UK DOI: 10.25236/ssehr.2018.076 -389speaker's inner and nameless anxiety. The fragmentary imagery T.S. Eliot uses represents Prufrock's mental state that is disordered, trivial and confused. Therefore, Prufrock tries to seek for his own identity and a certain kind of meaning in life. However, his quest unavoidably leads to failure. With the fragmentation of the postwar reality, individual, to a great extent, cannot go against the social environment. Common people's life, as a mirror of the society reality, is accordingly trivial and insignificant. 2. Prufrock's fruitless efforts to be of significance makes a sharp contrast to the insignificance of his life Prufrock's fruitless efforts to be significant and make himself heard, appreciated and understood form a sharp contrast to the insignificance of his life. In the opening stanza, Prufrock offers an open invitation to the readers: "Let us go then, you and I,... /To lead you to an overwhelming question.../Oh, do not ask, 'What is it?'/ Let us go and make our visit. The invitation is tempting and leads readers to have a sense of promise in these lines. However, as a matter of fact, Prufrock seems to promise everything and gives nothing in particular. Another example is that Prufrock highlights his question or the thing he ponders in his mind again and again; nevertheless, the result comes to nothing. He repeats "there will be time" from now and then and prolongs the time to make his proposal and ponder the question, which strengthens the importance of his question and is a means of attracting readers' attention and focus. He says: There will be time, there will be time; To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet; There will be time to murder and create; And time for all the works and days of hands; That lift and drop a question on your plate; And time yet for a hundred indecisions; And for a hundred visions and revisions; Before the taking of a toast and tea. Disturb the universe? Here Prufrock uses big words to stress the significance of his question. However, after all the indecisions and revisions, he still could not raise the proposal and reveal the question. Prufrock just ponders the question again and again in his mind and finally lose the courage to convey it. F.B. Pinion points out that: His procrastinating indecisiveness is reflected in the broken repetitiousness of his musings, as he thinks of time in hand, or dwells with encroaching skepticism on the worthwhileness of action, until the thought of it fades out of mind. We can see clearly from the above lines that Prufrock is seriously lacking in confidence and desperately wants to be heard, appreciated and to be understood. The more he makes his efforts to gather readers' attention, the more insignificant his life and position seem as a result of his inability of facing himself and giving his own life a meaning. 3. The allusions intensify Prufrock's underlying anxiety Secondly, the comparison between Prufrock and John the Baptist, Prince Hamlet, and Lady Lazarus intensify Prufrock's underlying anxiety. When Prufrock talks about himself, he refers to some Biblical and literary figures. The common associations of these figures are their significance and importance of being "something" and being the focus of attention. The result of such comparison makes Prufrock seem trivial and insignificant. Prufrock compares himself to John the Baptist: "Though I have seen my head (grown slightly bald) brought in upon a platter, / I am no prophet—and here's no great matter. In the Bible, Mark 6.17-28 and Matthew 14.3-11, John the Baptist is framed and beheaded, and "his head was brought in a charger, and given to the damsel" . John is known for his words of prophecy and he can foretell something of great consequence. Although Prufrock denies the similarity between John and himself, readers can sense his underlying desire to be important. What is more, the cut-off head of John on the platter is the object of observation. It is unable to speak a word, being watched and observed, and it is unable to communicate. The image expresses Prufrock's desire to communicate with others and to be understood. Prufrock also alludes to Prince Hamlet, which makes his own situation more ridiculous. Prince Hamlet is of noble birth, who is known for his melancholy, contemplation and hesitancy. What


The utility model discloses an infrared filter capable of transmitting 5,500 nanometer long wave. The infrared filter comprises a substrate, a first coating and a second coating, wherein the substrate is made from Si; the first coating and the second coating are respectively positioned on the two side faces of the substrate; the first coating comprises a Ge layer and a ZnS layer which are sequentially arranged at intervals from inside to outside and are different in thickness; and the second coating also comprises a Ge layer and a ZnS layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside and are different in thickness. Through the design, the infrared filter capable of transmitting 5,500 nanometer long wave obtained by the utility model is high in stability and can be applied to induction and measurement of the temperature of an object; the half-high point wavelength obtained by the filter is positioned to be 5,500+/-1% nanometers, and a cut-off region of which the transmittance is less than 0.1 percent and a transmitting region of which the transmittance is more than 90 percent can be realized, so the signal to noise ratio is greatly improved; and when the infrared filter is used for measuring and sensing the temperature of the object, the resolution capability and the detection precision can be effectively improved, and utilization requirements in practice are better met.


Objective To explore further effect of histological repair for skin photoaging in rats by dermal multipotential stem cells(DMSCs) transplantation. Methods 58 SD rats were randomly divided into normal group(8 rats),cell transplantation group(25 rats) and PBS control group(25 rats). The rats of cell transplantation group and PBS control group were made into skin photoaging model by using the UVA and UVB ultraviolet light irradiated at the same time. DMSCs were isolated in vitro, then 1 ml cell suspension of DMSCs(about 1 ×106) or equivalent PBS were multi-point injected into photoaging skin of rats, rats of normal group did not make any processing. After 4 weeks and 8 weeks of cell transplanted, the collagen fibers and elastic fibers changes in full layer of photoaging skin were observed by using VG and Weigert staining respectively. Meanwhile,the expression change of vimentin in dermis layer were detected by using immunohistochemistry staining. Results After photoaging damaged, there are more new collagen fibers and elastic fibers in damaged skin tissue were observed in the DMSCs transplantation group, and the number of fibroblast which are vimentin positively staining in dermis layer of rats in DMSCs transplantation group were obviously more than PBS control group, which were mainly distributed in the dermis superficial layer at 4 weeks after cell transplanted, and observed in full dermis layer 8 weeks post cell transplantation. Conclusion DMSCs transplantation could obviously benefit to repair the damaged tissue of skin photoage.


Diatoms are able to enhance their lipids production when subjected to stress factors as pollutants. In this study, diatoms were isolated from two sampling sites: a pristine site and a highly polluted river. This work aims to assess differences in biodiversity of diatoms samples and to isolate strains from different environments to compare the amount and characteristics of lipids with potential in enhanced biodiesel production. Biodiversity was compared qualitatively; strains were isolated and assessed for lipids production and profile; and frustules after lipids extraction were studied by SEM and BET. Five genus were isolated and cultured for lipids production: Nitzschia sp., Frustulia sp. and Diadesmis sp. from Rio Lujan; and Pinnularia sp. and Cyclotella sp. from Ribera Norte respectively. Isolated strains presented yields near 50% for lipids production, being Nitzschia sp. the strain with the highest amount of neutral lipids (68%). TAG profiles were abundant in medium-chain fatty acids. Frustules suffered ruptures in their structure, increasing their BET surface. This study represents a novel approach, as diatoms from different environments are isolated and compared for biodiesel production; as well as a possible reuse of the frustules residues is postulated.