In this paper, we review non-extensive statistics (Tsallis conjecture), and continue by analyzing thermodynamic properties and critical behaviors of systems which follow this statistics. Following that, we present a suitable algorithm in Monte Carlo method (Metropolis algorithm) to simulate spin systems with long-range interactions according to the Hamiltonian of Ising model in Tsallis statistics with suitable boundary conditions. In conclusion, we proceed to analyze thermodynamic properties related to this system and compare obtained results such as magnetization, internal energy, specific heat and magnetic susceptibility to known results in short-range systems in Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics.


The assemble of the continuously growing amount of information on human gene variation into locus-specific mutation databases is of outmost importance not only for the better understanding of their role and function but also for their application in the accurate provision of molecular diagnostics. The creation and maintenance of such databases is powered mostly by the efforts of dedicated research teams, which make the data reported in the scientific literature available to the public to query upon. However, the input provided from the various database users, both scientists, patients or family members, is equally significant and sometimes triggers innovative steps, which are taken towards the direction of keeping these databases as updated and complete as possible. The aim of this commentary is two-fold. Firstly, it aims at informing the globin research community, in particular the readers of this journal, for the existence and continuous improvement of the HbVar database on human globin gene variants and thalassemia mutations. Secondly, and most importantly, we seek the assistance from the users of HbVar in order not only to expand and refine the contents of this database, by publishing data on human globin gene variations to this of other journals, but also to continue to provide us with ideas and comments, that will help establishing HbVar as an invaluable tool for the provision of genetic services for thalassemia disorders. The continuous flow of information on the human genome sequence opens many opportunities for enhancing accuracy and expanding the application of information on human genomic sequence variants. However, the primary data dealing with variant alleles or more general genomic variation had long been scattered throughout the scientific literature. It was only within the last few years that information about genetic variation has begun to be organized into mutation databases for purposes of molecular, clinical, and diagnostic medicine and research, and has therefore rapidly assumed an increasing importance in all areas of health care. Unlike the genomic variation in other loci, human globin gene mutations, leading to the various thalassemia syndromes and hemoglobin (Hb) variants, had been accumulated into two comprehensive mutation repositories, namely the syllabi of thalassemia (thal) mutations (1) and of human Hb variants (2). However, the query capacity of the information


In this article, the author analyses types of Europeanisation: top-down, bottom-up, horizontal, circular, and looks at Latvian involvement in the EU CSDP capability project EU Battlegroups. Additionally, the author analyses the EU CSDP strategies in 2003 and 2016 with emphasis on key threats and key directions of action for the security of the EU. If it is necessary, EU Battlegroups can become involved to secure the EU. In the article, the author examines Latvian involvement in EU Battlegroups and changes in political planning documents and legal acts regarding EU Battlegroups. The author shows that for the future, it is necessary to involve an EU Battlegroup in real action in the area of operations, and that it is necessary to initiate discussions on a possible review and evaluation of the format of the EU Battlegroup. keywords: EU Common Security and Defence policy, defence, security, EU Battlegroups.


The decade of the 1980s will likely be remembered as one in which issues of public schooling occupied the spotlight of popular concern. While public attention is now beginning to shift in other directions, the problems facing education remain. One persistent difficulty is deter mining the most appropriate functional relationship between school goals, instructional technology, and organizational structures (Perrow, 1970). Within the framework of rational administration, one would pre dict that consideration of goals would lead to determination of the most effective means to achieve those goals. Determination of appropriate organizational structures is based upon efforts to facilitate implemen tation of identified means/technologies. One limitation of much of the educational reform literature is that it ignores one or another of these components of rational organization. That is, one attempts to alter either organizational structures, technology, or goals independently. To the extent that goals, technology, and structure are interdependent, this is a self defeating activity. Within this framework of analysis, one may consider that educa tional reform efforts of the early 1980s were primarily oriented toward technological efficiency. Traditional academic, vocational, civic, and personal goals of schooling were not subject to general critique; like wise, the existing structure of bureaucratic organization and political


This thesis consists of four papers, all of which focus on the effects of changes in the availability of alcoholic beverages on alcohol sales. The second paper also examines the effects of changes ...


The Illustrative Examples section of the AISI Cold-Formed Steel Design Manual (AISI 1989) demonstrates how to analyze a number of different cold-formed steel sections. This paper applies a general-purpose optimization software package to one of these examples - a hat section - to maximize the bending strength of the beam while maintaining the same volume of steel and depth of section. A mathematical program is formulated with constraints that are derived from the AISI specification.


The evolution of science and the development of knowledge have brought enormous contributions to society, allowing a profound change in all domains of human existence. If we question someone about the areas where knowledge has most developed, the answer will likely include the areas of technology, because we are regularly confronted with more and better equipment, software and (social) networks that modify not only how we use them, but also how we see the new information and communication technologies.


In this paper, a classification algorithm of ultrasonic fanny liver images is studied by Artificial Neural Network (NN). The feature extraction is based on the spatial gray- level dependence matrices (SGLDM), spatial-requency decomposition and fractal feature. Two sets of ultrasonic liver images-normal liver and abnomal liver (including light-fanny liver,moderate-fanny liver and severe-fanny liver) image are successfully classified through NN. The result shows that the NN classifier produces about 95.33% correct classification for the two sets of ultrasonic liver image and our study is considered to be helpful for practical aided- diagnosis.


For achievement of autonomy of systems of induction paraffinic oil heating it is offered to use programmed devices of the data processing and control of parameters. The basic technological parameter characterizing the work of the induction heater of oil and oil products is the fixed temperature of liquid at the exit from the heater. Regulation of the process of induction heating should be carried out on the basis of following conditions: the average temperature of the stream should be equal to the temperature set by the operator, temperature values of internal and external streams should be equal. Influence on the process of induction heating is made in the result of change of input parameters frequency of current and pressure. The data from temperature-sensitive elements arrive in the data processing device; they are compared with the set parameters and conditions. On the basis of this comparison the task for change of this or that parameter arrives at the executing device. The algorithm of work of the automatic supervising device, on the basis of which its programming should be carried out, is developed.


As the socialist market economy system and the deepening of education reform,,every University is carrying out the reform of management system and operation mechanismthe according to the spirit of central government.This is not only for the college to bring unprecedented opportunities and challenges,University President's Office is also an important opportunity for reform and development.So,think about how to promote comprehensive and effective coordination of the reform,deepen the management and efficiency,is placed in front of an important issue in the office.


Preparations of heterocysts of Anabaena cylindrica Lemm. had 7- to 8-fold higher activities of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, 2-fold more hexokinase activity, and 0.02 to 0.06 times as much ribulose diphosphate carboxylase and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase activities as did whole filaments per milligram soluble protein in cell-free extracts. Time courses of solubilization of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity indicated that heterocysts contain 74 to 80% of the total activity of this enzyme in filaments.


Fatigue crack growth rate of AA 6151-T6 in high temperature was tested.The fatigue crack growth rate formula was obtained based on reliability theory.The result showed that fatigue crack growth of AA 6151-T6 exists threshold value in high temperature,which decreases with temperature increasing.The purpose was to provide reference for safe life prediction of AA 6151-T6 component.The present thesis made a research on the fatigue crack growth rate of AA 6151-T6 subjected to various elevated,and proposed a reliability based formula to evaluate FCG,which provided the basis of 6151-T6 aluminum alloy component safe life prediction.The method demonstrates the existence of fatigue crack growth threshold value of 6151-T6 aluminum alloy subjected to elevated temperature,which decreases with temperature increasing.


To the Editor: Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a very rare benign tumor of histiocytic origin. Being derived fromCD14+ dermal dendrocytes, JXG represents the most common type of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis (non-LCH) and typically affects young infants.1,2 Although it is usually confined to solitary, or rarely multiple, yellow-reddish papulous lesions of the skin (monosystemic) that tend to regress spontaneously over the course of a few years, JXG may also extend to ocular, visceral, and central nervous system (multisystem/systemic) disease.2 Cutaneous lesions generally heal without or sometimes with atrophic scarring, whereas ocular or visceral involvement may result in severe, even life-threatening morbidity and require systemic treatment, historically consisting of agents used in the therapy of LCH (prednisolone, vinca alkaloids, 6-mercaptopurine, cytarabine, cladribine; see also LCH-IV protocol of the Histiocyte Society at www. histiocytesociety.org, ClinicalTrials identifier: NCT02205762).2-5 In analogy to LCH and other non-LCH diseases, recent studies have confirmed the presence of activating mutations in the mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in many cases of systemic JXG, or rarely, kinase fusions involving BRAF, ALK, or NTRK, or also PIK3CA mutations in various non-LCH lesions.6,7 RAF-inhibitors such as vemurafenib have been shown to be effective in achieving clinical remissions in refractory multisystem BRAF p.V600E-mutated LCH.8 Consequently, also patients with severe systemic JXG may be offered an effective targeted therapy in the future. We report on a female infant with multiple cutaneous lesions of JXG affecting her face, upper trunk, and proximal upper extremities. A concurrence of a BRAF p.D594N and a KRAS p.G12V mutation with identical allele frequencies of 12%–13% was detected in these lesions. The same constellation of bothBRAF loss-of-function andKRAS gain-of-function mutations occurring simultaneously has been experimentally explained by a mechanism of oncogenic RAS-dependent CRAF binding of BRAF and paradoxical activation of the MAPK pathway via CRAF in the presence of kinase-dead (class III) variants of BRAF or pharmacological inhibition of BRAF in vitro and in vivo.9,10 In line, patients treated with BRAF inhibitors are at risk to develop RASmutated keratoacanthomas or squamous cell carcinomas,11 and class III BRAF mutations were detected in melanoma, colorectal carcinoma, and non-small cell lung cancer and are typically linked to oncogenic RASmutations, neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) deletions, or increased receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling (reviewed in Refs. 12–16), whereby the exact sequence of these events remains to be elucidated. So far, to our knowledge, the combination of BRAF p.D594N and KRAS p.G12V has not yet been reported in JXG, but other non-BRAF p.V600E mutations were detected in seven of 12 JXG (MAP2K1 p.T28I, p.L37P, p.E129Q, p.Y130C; KRAS p.G12D, n = 2; NRAS p.Q61R AND ARAF p.N217K or p.F351L).7 The child is clinically stable and neither eyes nor visceral organs or the central nervous system are affected as determined by imaging and ophthalmological studies. To date, she is 30 months of age and has been observed without therapy for 1 year with a mild "waxing and waning" course of the skin lesions. In contrast, three other children diagnosed with unifocal cutaneous JXG within the same year at our institution did not show any alteration of the genes analyzed (sequencing panel included BRAF, GNA11, GNAQ, HRAS, KRAS, RAC1, CDKN2A, KIT, MAP2K1, PIK3CA, and PTEN). This finding and the presence of MAP2K1 besides BRAF p.V600E mutations in a substantial proportion of current local LCH patients analyzed with the same panel (MAP2K1 p.F53_Q58delinsL, n = 2; BRAF p.V600E, n = 4; total LCH patients analyzed n = 12) highlight the need for detailed tumor genotyping. To provide a full delineation of the RAF-MEK-MAPK pathway and yield an informed, precise list of targetable alterations the panel should further include RTKs, NF1, NRAS, ARAF, and MAP2K2.10,16 Awareness of the affected element(s) within the altered signaling pathway is mandatory prior to initiation of kinase-directed treatment in histiocytosis to identify the exact target and avoid unnecessary adverse effects.


Introduction: Ovarian neoplasm's are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in women. Frozen section is widely used in the intra-operative assessment of patients with ovarian tumors to provide guidance for an appropriate surgical management. It is crucial to know intra-operatively, the exact nature of the tumor to determine the extent of surgery. It is in these situations where the Intraoperative frozen section technique plays its role in making this distinction. Methodology: Females of all ages undergoing planned surgeries for ovarian tumors at Aga Khan Hospital or outside referrals with request for intra operative diagnosis was included. Age of the patient, duration of the lesion and clinical impression were recorded and frozen section was performed. Results: Thirty four cases of ovarian tumors received for frozen section were included in this study. The calculated sensitivity was94.4%, specificity was 93.8%, positive predictive value was 94.4% and negative predictive value was 93.8%. Conclusion: This study shows that frozen section is a highly sensitive and specific method for the rapid diagnosis of ovarian tumors. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i1.10798 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(1) 2015 77-80


Psych-consultant hotline has the convenient,autonomous and effective characteristic,it will turn into one of the effective channels in developing psychological consultation.Base on the situation Universities hotline psychological consultation which lags in development and application,proposing some solutions on how to strengthen and perfect the development,application,management,and training consultation operators in Universities hotline psychological consultation.


Hindcast simulations of the Arabian Gulf and the Sea of Oman using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) are quantitatively evaluated with basin-wide hydrographic data and time series measurements. The model shows comparable skill in reproducing moored observations of current velocities structure in upper and bottom depths. The skill in simulating observed temperature is higher of 0.93 (scale 0–1) in upper depths compared to 0.52 in bottom depths. Model results are sensitive to parameterization of water clarity. A lower sensitivity was noticed to KPP, GLS, and MY2.5 turbulence closures. When coastal turbid water parameterization is used, accuracy of the model in reproducing seasonal and spatial variations of temperature and salinity increased by 25% compared to the clear water case whereas only 10% increase was noticed when applying KPP turbulent closure. The model reproduces well anticlockwise circulation in the Gulf. A stronger surface inflow of fresher water to the Arabian Gulf through the Strait of Hormuz is simulated in summer compared to winter conditions, mainly due to upper layer horizontal gradient of density between the Arabian Gulf and the Sea of Oman. Less seasonal variability of outflow between 0.15 and 0.20 m s−1 at 50 m to bottom depth around the Strait of Hormuz was noticed in the model results. Modeled surface layer stratification is stronger in summer than winter and varies spatially in the Arabian Gulf with highest stratification near the Strait of Hormuz. Overall, the stratification in shallow water area of the Arabian Gulf remains low throughout the year.


The hydrophibilization modification of polypropyrene hollow fiber membrane was studied with surfactant and oxidant respectively.The compression resistance of hollow fiber membrane was improved while it is used in bubble free reaction.The suitable hydrophibilization modefication agent has been chosen.The experimentation has demonstrated that polyvinyl alcohlo (PVA) is a better,inexpensive and effective treatment agent.


Thank you very much for downloading molders of the american mind a critical review of the social attitudes of seventeen leaders in american education. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their chosen readings like this molders of the american mind a critical review of the social attitudes of seventeen leaders in american education, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious bugs inside their laptop.


In Benin, a combination of governmental programmes effectively stimulated rice intensification by providing relevant institutional arrangements such as subsidized seed, credit and a market outlet. In this paper, the authors investigate the institutional character of these programmes by unpacking the rules embedded in them and by showing how farmers mould, reject and change these rules or combine them with local rules – their practices of institutional bricolage. The authors show that the services provided by the programmes had great advantages for rice farmers, but they also had an exclusive character. Because of local bricolage practices, the programmes both affected rice production and helped the rice farmers to deal with conflicts over inequitable land allocation and discriminatory participation in canal cleaning. These findings contribute to discussion of the role of innovation platforms in the stimulation of institutional change and the provision of enabling conditions.


To determine the optimal threshold in image segmentation,a new multilevel threshold method based on improved particle swarm optimization(PSO) is proposed.Firstly,the histogram was divided into several areas by the conception of independent peaks.Secondly,the maximum between-class variance(MV) method was used to get the optimization object function in each area.Thirdly,the object function was optimized by the non-uniform mutation and geese-LDW PSO,the optimal thresholds was obtained,and the image was segmented by the threshold.Compared with the basic MV algorithm,the experimental results show that the new method can realize the image segmentation well and improve the speed greatly.


Swing check valves are the most common type of check valve in nuclear power plant and need to be operated properly to perform their functions and to keep the valve internals stable. However, for a swing check valve disc to remain stable, the opening characteristics should be identified and the upstream flow velocity should be enough to hold the disc fully open and without motion. Thus it is necessary to develop a model for predicting the flow velocity for a given disc opening. In the present study, the disc positions with mean flow velocity were measured for 3 inch and 6 inch swing check valves. Comparison of the measurements with the existing models showed that the models underestimate the mean flow velocity for a given disc position. Therefore, the existing model for predicting swing check valve disc position was improved with the realistic disc impingement area perpendicular to the flow stream and the experimental data. The result showed that the improved model with the best estimate of kb = 0.04 predicts well the disc openings of 6 inch swing check valve, especially in the low velocity region. For better prediction of the disc opening at high flow velocity, however, it is recommended to develop a kb correlation with the disc angle.


Dilution curve of the dye T-1824 has been studied in eleven patients with central arteriovenous shunts; also in a case of venous-arterial bypass; one carrying an abdominal aortic aneurysm; a patient in congestive heart failure before and during treatment, and two normal subjects in whom errors in technique (puncture of the femoral vein; injection rebound) was committed.


Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen notoriously known for its ability to resist antibiotics. Here, we reported the activity of the sea hare Aplysia dactylomela ink L-AAO protein, dactylomelin-P, against 100 clinical isolates of multiple antibiotic-resistance S. aureus with a prevalence of 30% methicillin-resistant (MRSA). Dactylomelin-P was able to inhibit the growth of all isolates with inhibition zones average size of 17.90 ± 2.58 mm. Among the eleven commercial antibiotics tested, only vancomycin, quinupristin/dalfopristin and linezolid exhibited similar efficiency. These findings highlight the potential of dactylomelin-P against S. aureus and MRSA as well as support further research with dactylomelin-P as an antibacterial drug candidate.


Combining with gountry standard CODE FOR DESIGN OF BUILDING FOUNDATION(GB5007- 2002); The article analyses the influence of subgrade bearing capacity when level of underground water change within the scope of foundation bottom below plasticity district. The article also expresses the relation between the influence degree and adhesive force(c),inner frictional angle(Φ),upper part structure. The disadvantage effect of upper and lower fluctuations of the water table in wet season and dry season on stability of the subgrade is pointed out. This kind of effect was often neglected in the engineering design. So, the designers are expected to think over this disadvantage effect adequately and ensure the safety and stability of upper structure according to the effect.


This investigation examines the representations of Iran and the West in some news headlines concerning the reflection of the Iranian nuclear issue by BBC and CNN within a highly critical period in 2010 and 2011. The significance of this period lies in the fact that it coincides with the heat of nuclear negotiations, further economic sanctions and the inception of fresh economic reforms taking place in Iran. Benefiting from the principles of CDA and SFG together with some insights into the world of the mass media; this study attempts to identify differentiated representations of Iran and the West concerning the Iranian nuclear issue.


Objective   To evaluate the influence of sex as well as pubertal stage at diagnosis on the growth outcome of childhood thyrotoxicosis.


Objectives The COVID-19 pandemic pressurised healthcare with increased shortage of care. This resulted in an increase of awareness for code status documentation (ie, whether limitations to specific life-sustaining treatments are in place), both in the medical field and in public media. However, it is unknown whether the increased awareness changed the prevalence and content of code status documentation for COVID-19 patients. We aim to describe differences in code status documentation between infectious patients before the pandemic and COVID-19 patients. Setting University Medical Centre of Utrecht, a tertiary care teaching academic hospital in the Netherlands. Participants A total of 1715 patients were included, 129 in the COVID-19 cohort (a cohort of COVID-19 patients, admitted from March 2020 to June 2020) and 1586 in the pre-COVID-19 cohort (a cohort of patients with (suspected) infections admitted between September 2016 to September 2018). Primary and secondary outcome measures We described frequency of code status documentation, frequency of discussion of this code status with patient and/or family, and content of code status. Results Frequencies of code status documentation (69.8% vs 72.7%, respectively) and discussion (75.6% vs 73.3%, respectively) were similar in both cohorts. More patients in the COVID-19 cohort than in the before COVID-19 cohort had any treatment limitation as opposed to full code (40% vs 25%). Within the treatment limitations, 'no intensive care admission' (81% vs 51%) and 'no intubation' (69% vs 40%) were more frequently documented in the COVID-19 cohort. A smaller difference was seen in 'other limitation' (17% vs 9%), while 'no resuscitation' (96% vs 92%) was comparable between both periods. Conclusion We observed no difference in the frequency of code status documentation or discussion in COVID-19 patients opposed to a pre-COVID-19 cohort. However, treatment limitations were more prevalent in patients with COVID-19, especially 'no intubation' and 'no intensive care admission'.


In this paper,we introduce the construction of Jinbiyuan Bridge on the Jiushangou River in Fengfeng mining area,and calculate the section meet the requirements of 50 years designed flood level.We also analysis the influence on the construction by designed flood level,and assess the flood prevention of Jiushangou river from the flood safety and construction of Jinbiyuan bridge.


The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of pulse voltage on acidification and remediation efficiencies of soils contaminated by lead, cadmium, and magnesium. To achieve this objective, a series of bench-scale electrokinetic experiments was performed under the conditions in which the soil pH was gradually decreased from the cathode side. The electrokinetic experimental results demonstrated that the majority of soil pHs were below 4.0 after 36 hours energization and correspondingly, all cationic metals investigated in this study were migrated toward the cathode. Regarding the influence of pulse voltage, the electrokinetic experiments in which a pulse voltage (3 hours ON, 3 hours OFF) was applied demonstrated that applying the pulse voltage did not provide neither positive nor negative influences on the soil acidification and electricity consumption for removing three metals. It was also demonstrated that applying a pulse voltage (2 seconds ON, 2 seconds OFF) negatively affected the remediation performance with respect to the electricity consumption when compared to the case in which constant voltage was applied.


To explore differences of health related physical fitness as age advanced in elderly population, and to provide detailed information for establishing structured and efficient fitness program for the population, 1,573 (>60 yrs) elderly men (n=591) and women (n=982) were recruited from various institutions in the Seoul Metropolitan Area. They were conveniently categorized by 5 years by age from 60, and were tested for health related fitness levels including cardiorespiratory endurance (2-min walking), muscular strength (grip strength and back strength), muscular endurance (chair sit-and-stand and biceps curl), and flexibility (sit and reach). Based on the results, the physical fitness level decreased as age advanced, particularly in low back strength, upper body muscular strength, and flexibility. Although statistically not significant, in some variables, an older subgroup tended to show a better fitness level due to their daily physical activity levels. Exercises promoting the muscular strength and flexibility is recommended, and the exercises may lead the inactive elderly to participate a regular physical activity.


We obtain large deviation upper bounds and central limit theorems for non commutative functionnals of large Gaussian Wigner matrices and deterministic diagonal matrices with converging spectral measure. As a consequence, we derive such type of results for Gaussian band matrices and generalized sample covariance matrices.


Purpose – The purpose of this work is to investigate the performance of non‐contaminating metal cutting environments and investigate the associated tool chip interface conditions. The work benchmarks flood coolant characteristics and considers gaseous cutting environments as possible alternatives.Design/methodology/approach – Cutting trials were undertaken for a range of cutting environments. Flood coolant was investigated as was dry cutting, compressed air, room temperature nitrogen and liquid nitrogen environments. A range of cutting variables was measured in order to document the effect of cutting environment.Findings – The gaseous component of the liquid nitrogen environment limited the adhesion on the tool face to a region along the flank edge of the tool, shifting rake face conditions from seizure to that of sliding. Tighter chip curl, shorter contact lengths, reduced adhesion and lower feed forces are evidence that liquid nitrogen is acting as a "liquid inert barrier" beneath the chip within the to...


A mycelial formulation of the bioherbicidal fungus Myrothecium verrucaria (Alb. & Schwein.)
Ditmar: Fr.
(MV) was tested alone and in combination with a commercially available
glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine]
(GLY) product for controlling the invasive vines, redvine [Brunnichia ovata (Walt.) Shinners], and trumpet creeper [Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. ex
Bureau] in field experiments conducted near Stoneville, MS. Several application
timing regimens were evaluated (Fall, Spring, Fall + Spring, and Spring +
Fall). We found that a Fall + Spring application of MV + GLY controlled redvine and trumpet creeper by 95%, 12 days
after the second treatment, through a synergistic interaction of the fungus and
glyphosate. Disease symptomatology was characterized by rapid necrosis of leaf
and stem tissues, with mortality occurring within 72 h. Neither glyphosate
alone, nor MV alone, effectively controlled either weed species under any
application timing regimen. No visual disease
or herbicide damage occurred on glyphosate-resistant
soybean plants in the treated test plots. These results suggest that some
formulations of glyphosate, mixed with the bioherbicide MV, can effectively
control redvine and trumpet creeper, two
of the most troublesome weeds in the row crops of the Mississippi Delta region
in the mid-southern U.S.


. The description of complex structured systems involves the use of various logical-mathematical and formal-logical methods. Due to them, it becomes possible to identify common patterns that arise when combining, crossing, supplementing multi-person sets. Taking into account the specifics of global business development structures that unite individual business units by conglomerate type, the analysis of organizational processes with the help of formal logic tools is relevant. Objective: as exemplified by international enterprise structure «Formula One» to define the role of Boolean algebra (algebra of events, algebra of sets, algebra of statements) in mathematical operations logics reflecting the validity or falsehood of the axioms which are put forward by the author. Methods and methodological apparatus of research: research methodology is based on Boolean algebra and factorial analysis elements application. Axiomatic statements of algebra of statements are based on the author's previous research on «Formula One» commercial constituent revealed by the consistency, institutional and ideo graphic approaches, theoretical systematization methods, analysis and synthesis, specification and generalization, method of analogies, comparative analysis, method of group and classification and also scientific abstraction, induction and deduction, abstraction, additive method; empirical and economical and statistical methods, and others. Main results: practical cases based on application of algebra of events, algebra of statements and algebra of sets are presented. They reflect composite statement valuation on the basis of falsehood or the validity of simple statements. Practical significance: the research of integrating, piercing, addition and a symmetric difference on the event – organizing of «Formula One» stage on a certain venue (in the CIS countries – the Russian Federation and Azer -baijan) shows various aims of stakeholders, and algebra of statements confirms a number of axioms put forward, in particular that «Formula One» influences the national motoring development.


The partial widths are determined for squark decays to gluinos and quarks, and gluino decays to squarks and quarks, respectively. The widths are calculated including one-loop SUSY-QCD corrections. The corrections amount to +30% to +50% for squark decays and −10% to +10% for gluino decays. We have derived the results in the DR and MS renormalization schemes, and we have demonstrated explicitly that the one-loop effective qqg and qq̃g̃ couplings are equal in the limit of exact supersymmetry. ∗Research supported by a fellowship of the Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences


IJSER © 2017 http://www.ijser.org Design of LPG Pressure Vessel-A case study of Aboabo Community in the southern part of Ghana, West-Africa Godwill Agyare Peprah, Anthony Morgan and Jamel Aidoo Abstract— The paper entails design of a pressure vessel to store liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). The design was based on a survey conducted in Aboabo community. Data obtained from the survey and Ghana Statistical Service were used in the design. In the design, fatigue life of the vessel, static loading and the environment were considered to ensure safe and clean environment. Leak before fracture criterion was employed in the design to guard against catastrophic failure in case of crack in the vessel. The bending moments and shear forces of the vessel were considered to determine the position of coalescence of the vessel components at 0.542m and 6.48m. Based on the shear stress value of 6.321 MPa, 1016 electrode was used for the colescence. The vessel can withstand 2.47 x10 7 cycles of cyclic loading before failure occurs.


With applications to winter maintenance, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of lower concrete albedo on the thermal behavior of concrete pavement by directly comparing surface and subsurface temperatures of darkened concrete and typical concrete. This research was connected to a field site in northern Utah. The procedures involved site layout, site instrumentation, pavement construction, field testing, and laboratory testing. The results of the study show that a strong positive correlation exists between the surface and subsurface pavement temperatures and the air temperature. The difference between the surface temperatures of the darkened and typical pavements decreases as the air temperature decreases. When the air temperature is 32°F, the surface temperature of the darkened concrete is just 0.2°F higher than that of the typical concrete; therefore, the darkened pavement is unlikely to melt snow and ice faster than the typical pavement at this site. The difference between the subsurface temperatures of the darkened and typical pavements also decreases as the air temperature decreases. In this case, when the air temperature is 32°F, the subsurface temperature of the darkened concrete is 1.1°F higher than that of the typical concrete; therefore, the darkened pavement is unlikely to provide significantly greater frost protection to subsurface layers and buried utilities during winter.


Abstract
Autoradiography of mouse liver after the administration of 35S-sodium sulphate shows transient concentration of the isotope in sinusoidal walls. This phenomenon is markedly exaggerated in the acute stages of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) poisoning with radioactivity appearing over viable sinusoidal cells and extracellular necrotic spaces. This is maintained for several days and there is condensation of the isotope over prominent reticulin fibres in the centrilobular zones during the stage of recovery. Negative results are obtained if the sinusoidal cells are included in the necrotic process as induced by CCl4 or by the local application of cold to the surface of the liver. It is concluded that liver sinusoidal cells have a capacity for mucopolysaccharide synthesis which is exaggerated following the induction of hepatocyte injury. There is also evidence for continuing synthesis of sulphated mucopolysaccharide in the cirrhotic liver in relation to fibrous trabeculae and hepatocyte degeneration.


Network coding is a new technology that motivates us to rethink about networking in wireless networks. Network coding of wireless helps to improve the performance networks. The existing network infrastructure will not support to the network coding communications. This concept requires us modifying the existing network communications. In this paper we brief the principles of network coding, network coding techniques, benefits and applications. We also discuss the current research topics of interest and the issues related to network coding aware routing in wireless ad hoc networks and we also present the simulation results which describe the energy gain and number of transmissions in traditional routing versus network coding.


In april-may 1865, Salvador Rizzo, consul of Spain in Larache, moved to the sultan Mohamed IV residence in Mequinez, leading a committee of expert militaries, with a twofold mission: training of the Moroccan army in European military techniques, and trying to sell some modern Spanish weapons to the government in Morocco. This article offers some interesting documentation as well as a detailed description of a less well-known Morocco so far.


The n-type Au thin films of 500nm thickness was evaporated by thermal evaporation method on p-type silicon wafer of [111] direction to formed Au/Si heterojunction solar cell.
The AC conductivity, C-V and I-V characteristics of fabricated c-Au/Si diffusion heterojunction-(HJ) solar cell, has been studied. The first methods demonstrated that the AC conductivity due to with diffusion-tunneling mechanism, while the second show that, the heterojunction profile is abrupt, the heterojunction parameters have been played out, such as the depletion width, built-in voltage, and concentration.
And finally the third one show that the c-Au/Si HJ has rectification properties, and the solar cell yielded an open circuit voltage of (Vic) 0.4V, short circuit current (Isc) of 2.01May, fill factor (F.F) of 0.085 and ƞ% =7. 19.


Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of early-stage femoral head osteonecrosis treated by tantalum rod.Methods:The clinical data of 21(26 hips) patients with early-stage femoral head osteonecrosis treated by tantalum rod were analyzed retrospectively from Jun 2009 to Apr 2012.Results:The mean duration of follow up was 20 months(12-36 months).The Harris scores in the after operation were significantly better than that in the before operation(P 0.05).Two hips were collapsed followed in 14 months and treated by total hip arthroplasty.The overall excellent and good rate was 76.2%at the last following up.Conclusion:Tantalum rod provides satisfactory results in treating early-stage femoral head osteonecrosis.


Aging
Whereas cellular senescence is known to promote aging, many of the mechanisms controlling this process remain poorly understood. Using human mesenchymal precursor cells (hMPCs) carrying pathogenic mutations of the premature aging diseases Werner syndrome and Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, Wang et al. conducted a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9–based screen to identify genes that could affect cellular senescence. They identified KAT7 , a histone acetyltransferase gene, as a driver of senescence in hMPCs. Inactivation of Kat7 in mice aging normally and in prematurely aging progeroid mice extended their life span. Although KAT7 requires further study in other cell types, these experiments highlight the value of genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screens and further illuminate the mechanisms controlling senescence.

Sci. Transl. Med. 13 , eabd2655 (2020).


Disclosure and the quality of corporate governance system are more often appreciated as closely related concepts - the higher the level of transparency, the better the quality corporate governance practices. As regards disclosure, if in a widely held company (ownership dispersion) its role is to signal that the managers are acting in the best interests of the principals, in a highly concentrated company (ownership concentration), it comes to annihilate the conflicts of interest between "insiders†(controlling shareholders and managers) and outside investors. Basing on this background, we focused on corporate governance disclosure, analyzing possible influences over it coming from corporate governance dimensions. Therefore, the objective of our paper is to identify possible associations between corporate governance features and the level of disclosure through annual reports in case of banking institutions listed at London Stock Exchange focusing on ownership concentration. Most empirical studies that have tested the correlation between ownership concentration and the level of disclosure reached to a negative relationship (Barako et al., 2006; Tsamenyi, et al., 2007; Haniffa and Cooke, 2002; Huafang and Jianguo, 2007; Patelli and Prencipe, 2007; Chau and Gray, 2002; Cooke, 1989). However, there are also studies that could not find any association (Arcay and Vazquez, 2005; Ghazali and Weetman, 2006; Holm and Scholer, 2010; Parsa, et al., 2007; Baek, et al., 2009; Makhija and Patton, 2004; Depoers, 2000). Basing both on assertions supported by the agency theory that companies with concentrated ownership do not have to rely on external disclosures to the same extent as companies with dispersed ownership, as well as on most prior empirical findings that provide evidence in this respect, we proposed the following hypothesis: "(H): There is a negative association between ownership concentration and the extent of disclosure†. The research methodology used for achieving our goal is based on econometric analysis using statistical tools - correlations for identifying the relationships and regressions for assessing them - all of these being performed using SPSS software. In this respect, firstly, we developed a disclosure index made of three sub-indices, one for each type of disclosure: mandatory, recommended and voluntary. The results of the performed analysis reveal significant negative influences of ownership concentration on the level of disclosure, thus confirming our assumptions that the extent of disclosure is negatively associated with ownership concentration. Thus we can assert that the higher the dispersion of shareholders, the higher the level of transparency, our results being consistent with some general prior literature findings on the same topic (e.g. Barako et al., 2006; Tsamenyi, et al., 2007; Haniffa and Cooke, 2002; Huafang and Jianguo, 2007; Patelli and Prencipe, 2007; Chau and Gray, 2002; Cooke, 1989). Unlike prior research studies which were focused on similar goals - to test possible influences of corporate governance features over the level of corporate governance disclosure at companies level, our paper provides a particular approach on a specific business field, the banking one that was little explored on this topic before. Thus, we had the chance to enrich the research literature with this empirical study, whose disclosure index developed ensures it as well with originality.


The homogeneous sections method prescribed by the Plan comptable general (the French national accounting plan) since its origin is commonly attributed to the influence of the Rimailho Report (1928, in its final version). An in-depth analysis of the processes and management systems Rimailho set up, described in minute detail in his major works, has led to the belief that he was the pioneer of a certain type of the activity-based costing method. But other aspects of his work are far more interesting. With Rimailho, accountancy plays a role which is closely linked to his political and social convictions. Rimailho's management accounting appears as the strategic tool in a type of corporate regulation involving organizational slack, possible in a defender 's strategy deployed in a specific competitive and technological environment. Rimailho's organization does not fit into today's standard typologies (Anthony, Woodward, Ouchi, etc.). It is an appropriate challenge for researchers in accounting and management control.


This paper addresses the problem of displacement measurement by microwave interferometry at an unknown target reflection coefficient in the case where that reflection coefficient is comparable with the reflection coefficient of the antenna. The aim of this paper is to propose a two-probe displacement measurement method that would account for the antenna reflection coefficient. This aim is achieved by using expressions for the quadrature signals and an equation in the unknown magnitude of the target reflection coefficient written for the case of a nonzero antenna reflection coefficient. The unknown magnitude of the target reflection coefficient is taken to be equal to the smaller positive root of that equation. If the magnitude of the target reflection coefficient is smaller than a critical value, which depends on the antenna reflection coefficient, then, theoretically, the target displacement is determined exactly; otherwise, the displacement determination error does not exceed several percent of the free-space operating wavelength. Depending on the phase of the antenna reflection coefficient, the error may be greater or smaller than in the case of a zero antenna reflection coefficient where the worst-case error is about 4.4 % of the free-space operating wavelength. To verify the proposed method, the determination of the relative displacement of a target executing a harmonic vibratory motion was simulated. In doing so, variations of the detector currents from their theoretical values were modeled by random current noise. The simulation results show that ignoring the reflection coefficient of the antenna when it is comparable with that of the target may introduce a sizeable error. The two-probe displacement measurement method proposed in this paper may be used in the development of microwave displacement sensors.


The research is carried out to determine the qualitative and quantitative picture of changes in energy scattering in specific materials and environments under different laws of their loading, processing and creation of new mixtures and materials. It was found that different methods are used to determine the dissipative characteristics, the assessment of which makes it difficult to assess the reliability of the results, as different assumptions and assumptions are accepted. The study of the physical aspects of energy scattering in materials and media is carried out according to linear and nonlinear load laws based on the use of hysteresis loop methods in transient and constant load regimes. It is found that the shape of the hysteresis loop depends to some extent on the law of change of load per cycle. The method of attenuating oscillations of energy absorption estimation by determining the logarithmic decrement of oscillations is used. According to the results of processing the measurement results, it is found that in the studies performed, the energy absorption coefficient varies in the range of 0.04-0.20, depending on the amplitude of relative deformation. which has elastically viscous properties and is under the action of force load. In physical terms, this formula determines the energy consumption per unit volume of material, takes into account the asymmetry of the load and can serve as an energy criterion for energy dissipation in materials under load.


HAVE been asked by The American Scholar to write "something about Mr. Kittredge." But in order to make clear what he meant to one of his students, who was later one of his colleagues and friends, I must begin with a word of autobiography. For what I shall say of myself will be true, as I know and that is the sole reason for saying it and it will apply, mutatis mutandis^ to scores of others. When I came to Harvard as a graduate student thirty-nine years ago, I had taught in two other colleges for ten years, and had done post-graduate work in another and different field in both this country and Germany. I had had, during those years, one supremely great teacher out of a score a personality as vivid and racy as George Lyman Kittredge himself. And I scarcely hoped to find another. Then, having seen at long last that English was what I wanted to teach, I came to the Graduate School at Harvard. At the end of the first half year I had made up my mind that so far as English was concerned I should go elsewhere. Then, by the mercy of Heaven to me, at the beginning of the second half year, I went into Mr. Kittredge's course in Beowulf. And before the first hour was over, I knew that I should stay till the cows came home. ("I like colloq" said Mr. Kittredge once, "and often use it" as he did, like a master!) I was not unlike the youngster who once said profoundly of G. L. K.: "Pm studying Beowulf with Beowulf himself." At all events that one hour of Beowulf in the year of our Lord, 1903, determined for me the next thirty-eight


 cornerstone of Epicurus' physics is atomism: Epicurus follows Democritus1 in maintaining that our world is ultimately composed of atoms and the void. It is, then, somewhat surprising that the demonstration of the atomist thesis is apparently confined to three sentences in the Letter to Herodotus, our main source on Epicurus' physics. These are the three sentences that I shall focus on in this paper. First, I shall argue that the standard interpretation, which takes the argument to be basedon the impossibility of sizeless parts, is not the correct one. Then, I shall examine the alternative reconstruction of the atomist argument that focuses on the body– void distinction. Finally, I shall try to show that Epicurus' defence of atomism is based on the unalterability of the atoms.


This paper presents the foundations of conventional strip-mode synthetic aperture radar (SAR) from a mathematical point of view. In particular, the paper shows how a simple antenna model can be used together with a linearized scattering approximation to predict the received signal. The conventional matched-filter processing is explained and analyzed to exhibit the resolution of the SAR system.


for an Invited Paper for the MAR10 Meeting of The American Physical Society Atomic layer epitaxy of GaInN and AlGaN by high pressure MOVPE HIROSHI AMANO, Meijo University No abstract available.


A condition monitoring technique based on vibration measurements and evaluation by means of neural networks has previously been investigated. Preliminary results were promising. In this work, the reliability and the sensitivity of the method are discussed. This study has used a simulation approach to study the sensitivity. An experimentally verified simulation model which yields the internal forces in the pump has been used in combination with experimentally found transfer functions to find the vibration on the surface of the pump housing. Different designs of the valve plate have been studied to simulate an increased internal leakage in the pump. For the evaluation of simulation or measurement results, neural networks are used.


In this paper, the application of the vapor extraction (VAPEX) process was investigated to recover Cold Lake bitumen from vuggy porous media with n-pentane as the hydrocarbon solvent. Seven different sintered glass-bead models were designed and fabricated—four of which were vugular media with different vuggyto total-pore-volume (PV) ratios. The vugs were arranged in aligned and staggered configurations. Three homogeneous sintered glass-bead models of different permeability and porosity were also fabricated to serve as baselines. The vug sizes were controlled in a narrow size-distribution range by embedding wood particles of uniform volumes (20 mm each) in the packing of the glass-bead continuum, sandwiched between two parallel glass plates. The packing assembly was then sintered in the muffle furnace. For each particular VAPEX experiment, the oil-recovery performance was characterized by measurements [e.g., live-oil and dead-oil production rates, live-oil solvent content, and Residual Oil Saturation (ROS) (in the invaded area of the models)]. It was observed that the vugs significantly facilitated the live-oil production from the vuggy models compared with the corresponding homogeneous baseline model with the same matrix permeability. The increase in the vug porosity of the porous space significantly increased the liveand dead-oil production rates, and it slightly decreased the extent of ROS in the model. Unlike the sintered homogeneous models for which the live-oil-production rate remains reasonably constant during the lateral spreading phase of the VAPEX process, the vuggy-porosity models displayed a boost in the live-oil production rate when several vugs were being invaded by the solvent vapor. This behavior was more pronounced in the case of aligned vugs in which the vugs were closer to each other, and more vugs were invaded simultaneously compared with the case of a staggered-vug configuration. The enhanced pore-level mixing of solvent with bitumen, the improved petrophysical properties of the porous medium, and the flow communication of matrix with the vugs were found to enhance the live oil drainage towards the production well.


Spitzer IRAC 3.6-8 μm photometry obtained as part of the GLIMPSE survey has revealed mid-infrared excesses for 33 field stars with known spectral types in a 1.2 deg2 field centered on the southern Galactic H II region RCW 49. These stars comprise a subset of 184 stars with known spectral classification, most of which were preselected to have unusually red IR colors. We propose that the mid-IR excesses are caused by circumstellar dust disks that are either very late remnants of stellar formation or debris disks generated by planet formation. Of these 33 stars, 29 appear to be main-sequence stars on the basis of optical spectral classifications. Five of the 29 main-sequence stars are O or B stars with excesses that can be plausibly explained by thermal bremsstrahlung emission, and four are post-main-sequence stars. The lone O star is an O4 V((f)) at a spectrophotometric distance of 3233 pc and may be the earliest member of the Westerlund 2 cluster. Of the remaining 24 main-sequence stars, 18 have spectral energy distributions that are consistent with hot dusty debris disks, a possible signature of planet formation. Modeling the excesses as blackbodies demonstrates that the blackbody components have fractional bolometric disk-to-star luminosity ratios, LIR/L*, ranging from 10-3 to 10-2 with temperatures ranging from 220 to 820 K. The inferred temperatures are more consistent with asteroid belts than with the cooler temperatures expected for Kuiper belts. Mid-IR excesses are found in all spectral types from late B to early K.


Challenges in imaging modalities to detect microscopic tumors Current clinical management in oncology relies heavily on both anatomic imaging and functional imaging with computed tomography (CT), PET and MRI. These imaging modalities have been clinically tested and validated for upfront staging and serial assessment in various subsets of all human malignancies. However, each modality suffers from various limitations in the detection of microscopic (tumors formed in early tumorigenesis or early metastasis and found in the residual tumor bed immediately after surgical extirpation) tumors. CT imaging employs x-rays to construct 3D spatial relationships between normal tissue and the tumor. The signal-to-noise ratio of CT is usually enhanced by increasing tube voltage, current or scan time. However, this results in excess ionizing radiation on the patient [1]. CT imaging forms a fundamental dataset in the assessment of cancer and is critical for dose calculations in radiation therapy. While this technology continues to be very useful, it has become limited by an inherent inability to contrast the large variety of soft tissues within the body and by the inability to resolve microscopic tumors below a few millimeters in size. PET produces a 3D image of metabolic processes in the body by detecting pairs of g-rays emitted indirectly by a positron-emitting radionuclide that is introduced into the body on a biologically active molecule. When the molecule chosen for PET is [F]-fluorodeoxyglucose, an analog of glucose, the concentration of tracer reflects tissue metabolic activity in terms of regional glucose uptake. The physics of this detection process limits most commercial [F]-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET detection systems to a resolution of no better than 5 mm under optimal circumstances [1]. However, MRI–PET fusion scanners can now optimize the morphologic and spatial definition of MRI combined with the functional data of PET [2]. MRI has a good signal-to-noise ratio due to the differences in proton spin relaxation properties of the various tissues found in the body. These differences enhance the contrast between tissues of varying proton density. MRI obviates ionizing radiation during image acquisition in addition to enhancing contrast-related morphologic imaging quality advantages. However, the spatial resolution associated with MRI is based on the field of view and data collection matrix size and is not inherently superior to CT [1]. With most commercially available units, image resolution is limited to a few millimeters.


Chronic Myeloid Leukemia is a clonal disorder characterized by the presence of the Ph‐chromosome and the BCR‐ABL tyrosine‐kinase (TK). Target‐therapy with Imatinib has greatly improved its outcome. Deeper and faster responses are reported with the second‐generation TKI Nilotinib. Sustained responses may enable TKI discontinuation. However, even in a complete molecular response, some patients experience disease recurrence possibly due to persistence of quiescent leukemic CD34+/lin−Ph+ stem cells (LSCs). Degree and mechanisms of LSCs clearance during TKI treatment are not clearly established. The PhilosoPhi34 study was designed to verify the in‐vivo activity and timecourse of first‐line Nilotinib therapy on BM CD34+/lin−Ph+ cells clearance. Eighty‐seven CP‐CML patients were enrolled. BM cells were collected and tested for Ph+ residual cells, at diagnosis, 3, 6 and 12 months of treatment. FISH analysis of unstimulated CD34+/lin− cells in CCyR patients were positive in 8/65 (12.3%), 5/71 (7%), 0/69 (0%) evaluable tests, respectively. Per‐Protocol analysis response rates were as follows: CCyR 95% at 12 months, MR4.5 31% and 46% at 12 and 36 months, respectively. An exploratory Gene Expression Profiling (GEP) study of CD34+/lin− cells was performed on 30 patients at diagnosis and after, on 79 patients at diagnosis vs 12 months of nilotinib treatment vs 10 healthy subjects. Data demonstrated some genes significantly different expressed: NFKBIA, many cell cycle genes, ABC transporters, JAK‐STAT signaling pathway (JAK2). In addition, a correlation between different expression of some genes (JAK2, OLFM4, ICAM1, NFKBIA) among patients at diagnosis and their achievement of an early and deeper MR was observed.


A pulse modulator for ultra-wideband transmitters is designed and simulated using a 0.18-mum CMOS technology. 4-GHz carrier frequency is modulated into pulses with Gaussian envelop to push the spectrum to 3.1-5-GHz band. The transmitter brings low power operation due to digital structure, and high data transmission due to using I/Q modulation. The architecture of the modulator consists of Johnson counter, multiplier, adder and RF mixer. The key element in the design is ETSPC flip-flops (FFs) that fulfill high speed and low power requirements. The power-speed tradeoff is optimized by decreasing the size of the FFs, and using direct conversion structure for RF mixer. The power consumption of the modulator from a 1.8-V power supply is as low as 6 mW for the rate of 1 Gchip/s.


The invention discloses an additive injection device for a fuel filling machine. The additive injection device for the fuel filling machine comprises a storage tank used to store additives, a pump connected with the storage tank and a controller connected with the pump, wherein the controller responds to a fuel filling start on the fuel filling machine so as to start injection of the additives, responds to fuel filling termination on the fuel filling machine so as to terminate the injection of the additives, and controls the amount of fuel oil injected into the fuel filling machine and the quantity of the additives filled in the fuel filling machine along with the fuel oil. The invention further discloses an additive injection method for the fuel filling machine.


Independent System Operator (ISO) monitors the SCADA system to continuously check the health of power system. SCADA system refreshing rate is several seconds which may cause delay or even miss important information and the ISO may not be able to take appropriate action when most needed. An emerging technology is the Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) which takes the help of the Global Positioning System (GPS) and timestamps the whole power system network with much faster refreshing rates. In this paper difference of Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) and SCADA is represented. Rules and conditions to optimally place the PMUs in power system are discussed. A review on methods used for placement of the PMU in the power system based on incomplete observability is given. Also the spanning tree search based optimal placement method is also discussed.


The title compound, C12H10N4S (3), crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c, with cell constants a = 5.6627(10)A, b = 27.640(5)A, c = 7.5634(14)A, β = 99.976(3)°, and Z = 4. The regioselective formation of this compound is a result of a steric consideration. The three heterocyclic rings are in-plane bound, and in the crystal lattice molecules of 3 are arranged in layers with a distance of 3.612 A.


Different sampling strategies are investigated in terms of percentage of vehicles sampled as probes and three methods of aggregating probe-vehicle data for freeway incident detection. The incident detection algorithm is based on the statistical comparison of the average section travel times of two different groups of probe vehicles. A microscopic traffic simulation model was employed to simulate incidents and collect section travel time data from probe vehicles for evaluation of the sampling strategies. Five probe-vehicle percentages were investigated. For each, the probe-vehicle section travel times were aggregated using three different methods: fixed sample size (FSS), fixed time interval (FTI), and rolling interval. Incident detection performance was analyzed in terms of detection rate (DR), false alarm rate (FAR), mean time to detection (MTTD), number of algorithm applications, and number of false alarms. It was found that the FTI data aggregation method performed best for all the indicators when the probe-vehicle percentage was less than 20. When the probe-vehicle percentage exceeds 30 and both FSS and FTI data aggregation methods have high DRs, the FSS method gave the lowest FAR and the FTI data aggregation method produced the lowest number of false alarm cases and fastest mean time to detection. All three data aggregation methods showed similar performance when the probe-vehicle percentage ranged between 20 and 30.


A technology center that uses state-of-the-art facilities and sophisticated numerical models, combined with the vast experience of our staff, to provide solutions to a large variety of problems in the field of coastal, offshore and hydraulic engineering.


Nanoscale materials provide unique properties that will enable new technologies and enhance older ones. One area of intense activity in which nanoscale materials are being used is in the development of new functional materials for battery applications. This effort promises superior materials with properties that circumvent many of the problems associated with traditional battery materials. Previously we have worked on several approaches for using nanoscale materials for application as cathode materials in rechargeable Li batteries. Our recent work has focused on synthesizing MnO2 nanoparticles and using these in layer-by-layer (LbL) structures to probe the redox properties of the nanoparticles. We show that the aqueous colloidal nanoparticles produced by butanol reduction of tetramethylammonium permanganate can be trapped in thin films using a layer-by-layer deposition approach, and that these films are both redox active and exhibit kinetically facile electrochemical responses. We show cyclic voltammetry of MnO2 colloidal nanoparticles entrapped in a LbL thin film at an ITO electrode surface using poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA). CV experiments demonstrate that Li+ insertion accompanies Mn(IV) reduction in LiClO4 supporting electrolytes, and that reduction is hindered in supporting electrolytes containing only tetrabutylammonium cations. We also show that electron propagation through multilayer films is facile, suggesting that electronsmore » percolate through the films via electron exchange between nanoparticles.« less


Abstract Background Despite national recommendations, hospital influenza vaccination rates remain low. To address potential concerns regarding safety, we evaluated whether influenza vaccinatioqinPn during hospitalization increases utilization and/or evaluations for infection post-discharge. Methods This retrospective cohort study was conducted among members of Kaiser Permanente Southern California aged ≥ 6 months who were hospitalized between September 1st and March 31st, from 2011 to 2014. With inverse probability of treatment weighting to adjust for confounding, we assessed the association between inpatient influenza vaccination and: rates of readmission, emergency department (ED) visits, outpatient visits, fever (temperature ≥38.0°C) and laboratory evaluations for infection (urine, blood, and wound culture; complete blood count) ≤ 7 days post-discharge. We modeled risk using 3 comparison groups: a) never vaccinated throughout the influenza season, b) vaccinated prior to hospitalization, and c) vaccinated >7 days post-discharge. Results For the 3 models, 41,733 hospitalizations with inpatient vaccination and a) 78, 809, b) 142,479, and c) 21,570 hospitalizations without inpatient vaccination were included. In adjusted analyses, compared with those never vaccinated, those vaccinated during hospitalization had marginally increased risk of ED visits (RR=1.08, 95% CI: 1.02–1.14) and post-discharge infection work-ups (1.06: 1.03–1.10). Compared with those with either prior vaccination or those with vaccination >7 days post-discharge, patients vaccinated during hospitalization had decreased risk of re-admission (0.84: 0.76–0.93; 0.80: 0.73–0.87, respectively), post-discharge fever (0.76: 0.63–0.92; 0.56: 0.47–0.67), and post-discharge infection work-ups (0.92: 0.89–0.96; 0.90: 0.86–0.93). Risk of outpatient visits ≤7 days post-discharge varied for the prior, never, and later vaccination comparison groups (0.93: 0.90–0.95; 1.09: 1.06–1.11; 1.11: 1.08.-1.14, respectively). Conclusion There was no substantial increased risk of study outcomes associated with influenza vaccination during hospitalization. Our data support the recommendation of vaccinating hospitalized patients against influenza. Disclosures H. F. Tseng, Novavax: Grant Investigator, Research grant


In response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic restrictions int 2020, our face‐to‐face (F2F) multidisciplinary neuromuscular clinic (NMC) transitioned to widespread use of telehealth (TH). This study aimed to (1) understand parent/guardian, child, and clinician perceptions of TH; (2) examine TH‐related changes in clinical activity; and (3) use these findings to inform a future model of care for the NMC.


Introduction The transmembrane glycoprotein E-cadherin plays a pivotal role in cancer metastasis and is required for cell-cell adhesion. Our recent data on epithelial ovarian cancer demonstrated that E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion depends on the orchestra of specific glycosphingolipids (globosides) on the cell surface. In order to understand the role of endogenous glycosylation of E-cadherin in more detail, we aimed to C-terminally tag E-cadherin (encoded by CDH1) with haemagglutinin (HA) using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. This allows tracing E-cadherin-specific glycosylation in various cell culture models and tumour xenografts. Material and methods Single-guided RNAs targeting downstream of the CDH1 translation stop site were designed, as well as a single strand oligonucleotide consisting of a BamHI restriction site, HA tag, a translation STOP, and a matching DNA sequence up- and downstream of CDH1 STOP. Our strategy was verified in HEK293T cells by genotyping. Next, we selected ovarian cancer cells BG1 (high E-cadherin expression among various cell lines tested) for knocking in HA characterised by genotyping PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence analysis. Immunoprecipitated E-cadherinHA was in-gel digested with Chymotrypsin B following HILIC enrichment. The resulting peptides were separated through a reverse phase column and analysed in an Orbitrap Fusion high-resolution mass spectrometer. Results and discussions Results obtained after clonal selection indicate successful Cas9-activity at the expected genomic locus and knock-in of the HA tag via homologous recombination. Moreover, we immunoprecipitated endogenous as well as exogenous (lentivirally transduced and constitutively expressed) E-cadherin via HA. We could demonstrate that E-cadherin is glycosylated with neuraminic acid using Sambucus nigra agglutinin. Preliminary glycopeptide analysis of E-cadherin using a novel EtHCD fragmentation mass spectrometry workflow revealed cellular growth condition dependent glycosylation. Conclusion Taken together, we have inserted an HA tag in the CDH1 locus following advanced glycopeptide analysis of endogenous E-cadherin. We are currently tracing E-cadherin glycosylation during ovarian cancer cell dissemination in vitro and in vivo in order to further elucidate the role of protein glycosylation during cancer metastasis.


CYP1A2 is part of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) family of drug-metabolizing enzymes. The CYP1A2 gene is found in a cluster with CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 on chromosome 15 [1]. CYP1A2 and CYP1A1 share a 5′-flanking region of approximately 23 kb, which contains shared regulatory elements, although the genes are positioned back to back and transcription occurs in opposite directions [2]. The CYP1A2 gene spans around 7.8 kb and features seven exons and six introns, the first being a 55-bp-long noncoding exon. CYP1A2 is a 515residue protein with a molecular mass of 58 294 Da [1].


Introduction: Post-operative ocular inflammation is a common occurrence following cataract surgery. Corticosteroids have been used to treat ocular inflammation; however, they carry a risk of side effects, particularly an increase in intra ocular pressure (IOP). Previous studies have proved that difluprednate is more efficacious compared to dexamethasone. Hence this study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of difluprednate ophthalmic emulsion 0.05% and dexamethasone 0.1% in postoperative management after small incision cataract surgery. Materials and Methods: A total 200 patients were selected as per inclusion criteria and equally divided between difluprednate and dexamethasone groups. Dexamethasone 0.1% or difluprednate0.05% was prescribed post operatively following small incision cataract surgery. Patients were examined on post-operative day 1, 7, 15 and 30 for anterior segment by slit-lamp examination and side effects. IOP was measured in both the groups on day 30. Results: In our observation both drugs were efficient in the reduction of anterior chamber cells and flare with difluprednate being more rapid. Corneal edema was reduced equally by both the drugs at all observation periods. There was no clinically significant IOP elevation in both difluprednate and dexamethsone group. Difluprednate was found to be more effective in controlling pain compared to dexamethasone. Conclusion: As per present study both difluprednate ophthalmic emulsion 0.05% eye drops and dexamethasone 0.1% eye drops were equally effective in reducing post cataract surgery inflammation. Hence, difluprednate emulsion 0.05% can be used in postoperative management after cataract surgery; nonetheless, further clinical trials with long follow- up period are required.


We show experimental switching data on microscale capacitors of lead–zirconate–titanate (PZT), which reveal time-resolved domain behavior during switching on a 100 ns scale. For small circular capacitors, an unswitched domain remains in the center while complete switching is observed in square capacitors. The observed effect is attributed to the formation of a vortex domain during polarization switching in small circular capacitors. This dynamical behavior is modeled using the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equations and found to be in agreement with experiment. This simulation implies rotational motion of polarization in the xy plane, a Heisenberg-like result supported by the recent model of Naumov and Fu (2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 077603), although not directly measurable by the present quasi-static measurements.


The Council House in Makhachkala is one of the main works of academician Zholtovskii. In spite of the fact that this architectural monument generated significant interest of the Soviet researchers in the 1920s and was mentioned in a number of publications, it is still not fully studied. This study aims at generalizing the existing practices as well as expressing personal vision taking into account new archive materials and the latest on-site examinations of this architectural monument. Its particular qualities and specific structure are shown in the context of the Soviet architecture and the creative activity of Zholtovskii. The presented photographs and archival documents have not been published before.


This paper presents a modified version of the Intelligent Driver Model (IDM) [M. Treiber, A. Hennecke, and D. Helbing, Phys. Rev. E. 62, 2 (2000)]. The IDM is a car-following model. A car-following ...


The Zengmu basin is a large Cenozoic sedimentary basin located in the southern South China Sea, characterized by a high sedimentation rate and great thickness. Recent petroleum exploration and research indicate that the Zengmu basin has very favorable geological conditions for the formation of petroleum, where there occur mainly two groups of source rocks, including Oligocene paralic carbonaceous shale, coal layers and marine mudstones and lower-middle Miocene marine mudstones, and two types of reservoirs, namely, Oligocene-middle Miocene sandstones and middle-upper Miocene limestone or reef limestone. The Kangxi depression and Eastern Balinjian depression are two primary hydrocarbon-generating zones. Vertically, petroleum mostly occurs in lower Miocene sandstone and middle-upper Miocene carbonates, with the formar mainly containing oil and the latter mainly containing gas. Laterally, the petroleum distribution in the Zengmu Basin is characterized by occurrence of oil in the south and gas in the north. Gas fields are mainly distributed in the Nankan mesa in the east and the western slope, while oil fields mainly occur in the Balinjian area. The distinct zonal distribution of oil and gas is primarily related to structures in different tectonic units and difference in sedimentation in the basin.


To meet several of her developmental requirements Kerala requires sufficient tax revenue mobilisation. This paper is an attempt to empirically estimate the effort taken by Kerala in mobilising tax revenues in relation to its taxable capacity during two different phases of the state's economic growth trajectory: 1970-71 to 1999-00 and 2000-01 to 2012-13. Whereas the first period has experienced stagnant to moderate economic growth, the second period saw rapid economic progress. The findings of the paper reveal that though Kerala was able to improve the tax effort with respect to land revenue, motor vehicle tax and passengers and goods tax, state excise duty and own tax revenue during the period of accelerated economic growth in the case sales tax, which contributes the lion's share of the tax revenue, the state's tax effort lowered significantly. Also, the state has earned lowest ranking based on the tax effort for many taxes when compared to other comparable states. On the whole, the findings of the study calls for policy measures aimed at improving Kerala's tax effort on par with higher ranked states.


This paper summarizes the pharmacological actions of Panax Notoginseng on blood system, cardiovascular system, nervous system, immune system, metabolic system, and on anti-inflammation, anti-aging and anti-tumor, which provide evidences for the further development of Panax Notoginseng.


An extended study on a previously described family, in which a rcp(4;12) (p14;p13) translocation is segregating, is reported. 2 further individuals with 4p trisomy are described. The risk to translocation carriers of having liveborn offspring with either 4p trisomy or monosomy is calculated to be 25%.


The purpose of this study to understanding : (1) the effect of learning strategies Think Pair Share and Two Stay Two Stray on learning outcomes in mathematics; (2) The influence between students' motivation to learning outcome in mathematic; (3) The interaction between learning strategy and learning motivation of students toward mathematics learning outcomes. This study is a quantitative research. The design of the study is quasi-experimental design. The research sample was taken two classes. The population of the research was all students of class VIII SMP Negeri 2 Kartasura the academic year 2015/2016. The technique used cluster sampling is random sampling. Data collection techniques in this study using the test, a questionnaire and documentation. Technique of analysis data used two-way analysis of variance with different cells. The results of the data analysis with a significance level of 0.5%, namely: (1) there was an effect of learning strategies Think Pair Share and Two Stay Two Stray towards mathematics learning outcomes, with F_A = 4.459; (2) There is an effect between students' motivation to learn math results, with F_B = 14.657; (3) There is no interaction between the learning strategies with students' motivation to mathematic learning outcomes, withF_AB = 0.511.


Abstract : Precipitation static generated on aircraft by corona discharges has long been recognized as a major problem in the design of noise-free radio communication systems. However, little attention has been given to the radiated electromagnetic fields that accompany the discharge process. This report describes work performed by the Denver Research Institute in the investigation of the electromagnetic fields radiated by conducting bodies in corona. The investigation of e-m radiation from corona discharges has covered a broad range of experimental and analytical work. The work has included studies of the radiation from corona currents in air and from point discharges at one end of a charged conducting cylinder, field measurements of the natural noise environment at sea, and some observations of signals associated with low flying commercial aircraft.


Dentigerous cyst is the most common developmental odontogenic cyst of the jaw, which apparently develops by the accumulation of fluid either between the reduced enamel epithelium and enamel or between the layers of the enamel organ. However, the mechanism of development of dentigerous cyst has unlit now remains unclear. Such cyst remains asymptomatic initially unless when infected. Management of dentigerous cyst in children needs special considerations because of the presence of developing permanent tooth buds. The purpose of this case report is to describe the diagnosis of dentigerous cyst in a 10-year-old boy that was developed around an unerupted mandibular first permanent premolar and to describe its management with marsupialization to allow the growing tooth associated with the cyst to continue eruption into the oral cavity.


Concentrations of trace metals and PCBs in six species of fish, zooplankton, macrobenthos, sediment, and water were studied in Crab Orchard Lake, Williamson County, Illinois. Eleven sites were chosen throughout the lake, including one site (site 10) near an abandoned dumpsite of a former electrical transformer manufacturing facility. PCB levels in the selected components from site 10 were considerably higher than the other sites. Thirty-eight percent (17/45) of fish fillets from various species at this site exceeded the 2.00 mg/kg FDA guideline for PCBs. PCB concentrations in fish were variable, and little relationship existed between age or size and PCB concentrations in most species. Common carp and channel catfish had higher PCB levels than the other species examined. Trace metals were low in fish and other components analyzed and were comparable to literature values for the midwestern United States. Mercury was the only trace metal to exhibit a significant positive relationship with age or size of fish. Mercury was also the only trace metal to exhibit biomagnification.


AIM
This study was undertaken to compare the reduction in color of two dyes methylene blue (MBRT) and resazurin dye (RRT) with other tests of bull semen quality and to examine their relationship to fertility.

METHODS
One hundred sixty-four ejaculates from 59 bulls were examined, processed, and used for 30,016 inseminations.

RESULTS
Bulls used in artificial insemination have been selected for high semen quality and fertility, and semen from these bulls averaged 80.6% unstained sperm, only 11% had abnormalities, and fertility ranged from 64% to 76%. The MBRT and RRT were run with standardized sperm numbers to prevent sperm concentration from influencing the dye reduction time. A short RRT was correlated with higher fertility (r = -0.26) but MBRT was not correlated (r = -0.05, P > 0.05). The correlations were low, but are typical and reflect the statistical effect of the large binomial variance associated with pregnancy or nonpregnancy being coded as 1 or 0.

CONCLUSION
The fact that the RRT was significantly correlated with fertility when sperm numbers were standardized, and published reports that resazurin is useful for monitoring other semen characteristics, indicate that this dye may provide valuable information not given by other simple laboratory tests.


Extreme light sources - providing attosecond pulse durations, ultra-relativistic intensities, or x-ray wavelengths - allow us to probe the boundaries of modern physics with exquisite precision and unrivaled power. Future source development requires plasmas, which support high-intensity fields, offer useful non-linear and ultrafast responses, and scale with wavelength. We focus on two plasma-based mechanisms suitable for the near-infrared to soft-x-ray spectral window: relativistic high-order harmonic generation for high-power frequency conversion and parametric plasma amplification using stimulated Raman or Brillouin scattering. For both mechanisms efficiency is crucial, and, drawing on similar analytic and computational tools, we show how simple models lead to efficiency limits. For high-order harmonic generation, paths to the highest efficiencies can be found by manipulating the laser waveform or plasma parameters [Edwards et al. Opt. Lett. 39 (2014); Edwards and Mikhailova, PRA 93 (2016); Edwards and Mikhailova, PRL 117 (2016)]. For plasma amplification, efficiency can be improved via use of an appropriate scattering mechanism for the specific wavelength and conditions [Edwards et al. PoP 23 (2016); Edwards et al. PRE 96 (2017); Edwards et al. PRL (2019)], tuning of plasma properties [Edwards et al. PoP 22 (2015)], and the suppression of competing instabilities [Edwards et al. PoP 24 (2017)]. We explore physics-based and engineering solutions for improving performance - informed by applications [Edwards et al. PRL 116 (2016)] and alternative mechanisms [Edwards et al. PoP 25 (2018)] - and relate these processes to the broader ecosystem of plasma and non-plasma sources of extreme radiation.


Planners have long been intrigued with the concept of land value taxation (LVT) as a way to eliminate urban blight and sprawl. This research empirically tested the hypothesis that, compared to real property taxation, LVT will speed the rate of redevelopment in central cities. The analysis shows that from 1970 to 1987 central city redevelopment in Auckland and Wellington, New Zealand, was influenced by different population growth rates and by physical differences between the cities, but not by the taxation systems. The physical difference between the two cities, as well as low tax levels and long assessment cycles, may limit these results to this context.


Abstract : This report presents the theory of the multipactor effect and applies it to the problem of transmitting high power levels through waveguides operating at low gas pressures. The multipactor effect is a secondary electron resonance phenomenon. As such, it can occur only for certain combinations of operating conditions. Charts are presented showing the operating conditions which lead to the multipactor effect in its various modes. It is shown that only the high order breakdown modes are of concern for ordinary waveguide operation. The theory shows that breakdown in the higher order modes is possible only for certain very restricted ranges of peak voltage. Therefore, it is quite unlikely that multipactor breakdown will actually occur in an ordinary rectangular waveguide. Since published experimental measurements of the multipactor breakdown conditions agree very well with the theory presented here, this theory can be used with a high degree of confidence in making predictions of multipactor breakdown possibilities.


Water pollution is a serious problem in the present day due to the increasing industrial and domestic operations. As water resources are scarce, it is necessary to treat wastewater and reserve it for utilization. The presence of heavy metals, such as mercury, nickel, lead, and chromium in wastewater causes severe chronic disorders in living beings. Several physical and chemical processes are available to reduce heavy metals, with adsorption being a less expensive option. Adsorbents such as activated carbon, sawdust, silica gel, zeolites, tree waste, and tea waste can be used in the adsorption process. In this study, tea waste was used as an adsorbent to remove chromium (VI) from industrial wastewater. The effects of various adsorption parameters on the removal efficiency were studied by varying these parameters to different values. The adsorption isotherms were fitted to experimental data to clearly describe the adsorption process. Based on the study of the kinetics of the process, it was found that first-order kinetics favor the adsorption process. This research concludes that tea waste can be a good choice as a biosorbent for removing heavy metals.


S ince the beginning of the twentyfirst century, a new genre of literature has become extremely popular among urban youth. Street fiction-also known as street lit, hip-hop lit, ghetto fiction, and hip-hop fiction-has not only become a familiar feature of bookstores, sidewalk bookstands, and public libraries but also a growing part of African American popular culture. Furthermore, available data suggest that African American teenagers comprise a huge sector of the street fiction readership (Stovall; Watkins). As critical educators, we believe that the growing importance of street fiction in the lives of students demands that we take notice of this phenomenon. This belief is supported by research that has demonstrated the effectiveness of African American popular culture-based instruction for improving outcomes, engaging students, fostering community, and developing critical consciousness among students in English classrooms (Fisher; Hill, "Wounded"; Lee; Morrell and Duncan-Andrade). Unfortunately, given the relative newness of the genre and its current distance from the formal school curriculum, teachers and educational researchers know little about street fiction.


In this paper, a closed loop control approach for controlling vibration under harmonic excitation is introduced. A Semi-Active Tuned Mass Damper (SATMD) with time variable damping installed on the lowest floor of a base-isolated structure is investigated. The damping is controlled by a fuzzy logic controller, in which displacement and velocity of the base isolator are used as inputs. The numerical simulation is carried out on two types of 6-degrees of freedom base-isolated structures: the first structure is equipped with a base isolator having low damping, while the second structure is equipped with a base isolator having high damping. Simulation by MATLAB is carried out to test the proposed SATMD under harmonic excitation and the results are compared to those of a classical passive TMD. Results showed that a SATMD with variable damping is more efficient than a classic TMD with constant damping under harmonic excitation, leading to a reduction of 50% in base displacement and acceleration, as well as a reduction of nearly 15% in inter-story drift.


Motivated in part by ABET's emphasis on communication skills, many engineering schools have chosen to integrate explicit communication instruction into their existing technical curricula. Regardless of the motivation for creating them, engineering communication programs are commonly administered at the school level, with each school having the freedom to implement instruction in a way that best fits with its particular sequence of laboratory, design, and capstone courses. As a result, within any one engineering college, a variety of successful writing program models can exist. The choice of paradigm reflects not only the communications norms of the particular disciplines, but also the constraints presented by the number of students enrolled in each school and by limitations on staff and resources.


This article analyzes the arrest in the compositions of the crimes committed through negligence. This article analyzes the scientific research work on the science of criminal arrest and penal law. The author of this article expresses the belief that the arrest as a form of deprivation of liberty must be preserved and shall be served not in common cells and in cells designed for one or two people.


miles long, by about seven broad. The Dispensary is in Letterkenny, a town containing about* three thousand inhabitants, situated near the head of Lough Swilly. The town is built upon the declivity of a hill, in one long irregular street, running nearly E. and W., and, as most of the houses have direct access to the open country, the habits of the lower classes differ less from those of the peasantry than is usual in towns of the same amount of population. Consequently there is nothing peculiar in the diseases of the towns-people that is not observable generally thoughout the district. The face of the country presents a succession of abrupt, rocky hills, generally arranged into sharp, serrated ridges, the highest of which, Benswilly, is 1126 feet above the level of the sea. The summits and sides of these eminences are covered with bog, producing a very short species of heath, and usually interspersed with masses of primitive rock. Almost every spot bears the marks of having been formerly covered with timber. Roots of


This paper demonstrates that Kornai's original concept of the soft budget constraint (SBC) as a theoretical innovation in micro‐theory disguises income redistributions that are essentially macroeconomic relationships. The SBC also postulates a competitive market economy as the benchmark of hard budget constraint (HBC) and efficiency. A recent formal theory explains the SBC as a component of profit‐maximizing strategic behaviour. From this perspective, the SBC can be integrated into the new microeconomics, but it loses its specific institutional connotation and its macroeconomic dimension. The SBC is thus included in ubiquitous market‐type relationships, particularly complete (optimal) contractual arrangements.


A novel hydrocarbon mobile lubricant, multiply-alkylated cyclopentane (MAC), was deposited on two kinds of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), i.e. 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane self-assembled monolayer (FDTS-SAM) and decyltrichlorosilane self-assembled monolayer (DTS-SAM) to form two double-layer films by spinning coating method. The double-layer films, which are called as MAC-FDTS and MAC-DTS, respectively, consist of a strongly bonded phase lubricant (self-assembled monolayer) and a non-bonded mobile lubricant (multiplyalkylated cyclopentane). Friction behavior of FDTS-SAM,DTS-SAM,MAC-FDTS,MAC-DTS on siliconwaferswas evaluated using a pin-on-plate test rig. Both FDTS-SAM and DTS-SAM markedly decreased the friction coefficient of Si substrate. However, they played the role of frictionreducing and anti-wear only at low loads of 50 and 100 mN, respectively. In contrast, when MAC deposited on the two kinds of SAMs, it could markedly reduce the friction coefficient of DTS-SAM and significantly enhance their durability and carrying-load capacity from 50 and 100mN to 150 and 200 mN, respectively.


A method of providing regulation in a resonant power supply uses a device called a magnetic regulator which resembles an ordinary AC transformer. Through the use of additional control windings, the conversion ratio of the magnetic regulator can be electronically varied, thus achieving control. A circuit model for the magnetic regulator is derived and is shown to contain a current-controlled leakage inductance. Measurements made on an experimental device verify the model. Two additional structures are described.<<ETX>>


The invention discloses an astragaloside water-soluble derivative, namely astragaloside acid or medicinal salt, ester and amide of the astragaloside acid, with the structure shown in the formula 1. According to the defects that water solubility of astragaloside is poor, so that bioavailability of astragaloside is affected, and astragaloside cannot be developed into a single-component medicine, special alcoholic hydroxyl groups in astragaloside molecules are directionally oxidized into carboxyl groups ingeniously, and the astragaloside water-soluble derivative, namely astragaloside acid is prepared. A preparation method is simple in step, mild in reaction condition, small in side reaction, high in yield, easy to implement and suitable for large-scale production. The astragaloside water-soluble derivative, namely astragaloside acid or medicinal salt, ester and amide of the astragaloside acid, with the structure shown in the formula 1 has a protective function on hypoxia injuries of cardiac muscle cells cultured in vitro, and can be used for preventing and/or treating relevant cardiovascular diseases. The formula 1 is defined in the description.


and affirmed by Charles VII's Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges (1438), gave conciliar and royal authority to those who wanted to suppress the feast, but in some places the feast lasted until the early sixteenth century. However, early modern secular sociétés joyeuses, like Lille's Our Lady of the Trellis or the Infanterie Dijonnaise, cannot be seen as a continuation of the medieval Feast of Fools, despite their own claims and the argument of E.K. Chambers in his influential Medieval Stage (1903). Sacred Folly is the first book-length treatment of the Feast of Fools in English since 1969 and the first to offer this radically and delightfully new interpretation of it (although there were some earlier questioners, such as the nineteenth-century scholar who wondered why the feast lasted for so long if it was so blasphemous). Harris follows such scholars as Ronald Hutton and Daniel Donohue, who have denigrated theories of pagan holdover, showing how medieval customs arose for medieval reasons. If anything, the book illustrates the importance, once again, of a close and skeptical reading of primary sources and of Jack Hexter's idea (in "The Burden of Proof," Times Literary Supplement; October 24, 1975) that historians should be splitters rather than lumpers—which, in this case, somewhat ironically, indicates that the Middle Ages were not a locus of alterity, but, in fact, have much in common with our own day.