Experimenters have frequently noted large individual differences in listeners' abilities to discriminate auditory patterns differing only in the frequency of one pattern component. Whereas some subjects require weeks of practice with large pattern differences, others can make fine discriminations almost immediately. To further characterize such subject‐dependent differences in performance, we investigated pattern discrimination by listeners with only minimal paychoacoustic experience. Since most naive listeners can detect a frequency change if the target component is much longer than the other pattern components, we measured the target tone duration required for correct discrimination 71% of the time in a standard/2AFC procedure, for five levels of target frequency difference (Δ ∫) ranging from 18 to 92 Hz. Nine of the ten pattern components were 45 ms in duration, while the target tone duration varied according to an adaptive track. The target tone (920 Hz) was always the second pattern component. The ni...


Objective To evaluate the CT features of subacute thyroiditis(SAT),in order to improve its recognition.Methods The CT findings and clinical data of 23 patients with SAT confirmed by surgery or histopathological examination were analyzed retrospectively.Results The CT findings of 23 patients with SAT were classified into three types according to their morphology as focal(lesion/lesions limited to either one lobe/two lobes or one lobe plus isthmus,16 cases),diffuse(thyroid were involved wholly including all of two lobes and isthmus,5 cases) and mixed type(coexistence of all features of above mentioned two types,2 cases) and the focal type was subdivided into two categories with regard to number of lesion as single(6 cases) and multiple(10 cases).All cases manifested ill bordered,irregular,nodular or patchy shadows with the attenuations lower than that of the adjacent muscles on plain CT and mildly or markedly heterogeneous enhanced without significant mass effect,the mixed type was characterized by infiltrative lesion mainly limited to one lobe and transition to opposite lobe via isthmus.Of all 23 cases,the "transition sign",thyroid capsule discontinuity,the "island sign" and associated cervical lymph node enlargement were found in five,seven,four and two cases respectively.All cases were found thyroid enlargement in various degree and 12 cases were accompanied by anterior cervical region tenderness in clinical examination.Increased serum FT3,FT4 level and reduced 131 I uptake rate were detected in 5 cases.Conclusion There are some characteristic CT features of SAT,clinical and relative laboratory examination results are also helpful in improving diagnostic accuracy.


The article deals with the management of human-machine (ergatic) systems in the conditions of digital transformation in relation to their functioning in the presence of NON-factors, such as: uncertainty, complexity, instability, ambiguity. Modern conditions for the formation of the digital economy imply the search and use of a new methodology in the organization of management activities, including the regional level. This process is carried out through the widespread use of human-machine systems with a high level of intellectualization of the machine component, the use of hybrid intelligence and the formation of bionts. We show a variant of classification of ergatic systems, focused on socio-economic systems. We propose a method for choosing a rational alternative to support the management of human-machine systems in the conditions of vagueness and ambiguity of the initial data and approaches to the management quality criteria. A fuzzy approach to a multi-criteria problem is proposed. It leads to a certain combination of fuzzy selection criteria, and to the study of complex systems as a hierarchical structure, with the representation of system elements and its qualitative properties as fuzzy mathematical models, the combination of which will give a mathematical model of the systems.


Context. Pulsating thermal X-ray emission from millisecond pulsars can be used to obtain constraints on the neutron star equation of state, but to date only five such sources have been identified. Of these five millisecond pulsars, only two have well-constrained neutron star masses, which improve the determination of the radius via modelling of the X-ray waveform.
Aims. We aim to find other millisecond pulsars that already have well-constrained mass and distance measurements that show pulsed thermal X-ray emission in order to obtain tight constraints on the neutron star equation of state.
Methods. The millisecond pulsar PSR J1909–3744 has an accurately determined mass, M = 1.54 ± 0.03 M⊙ (1σ error) and distance, D = 1.07 ± 0.04 kpc. We analysed XMM-Newton data of this 2.95 ms pulsar to identify the nature of the X-ray emission.
Results. We show that the X-ray emission from PSR J1909–3744 appears to be dominated by thermal emission from the polar cap. Only a single component model is required to fit the data. The black-body temperature of this emission is $ {kT}=0.26^{0.03}_{0.02} $ keV and we find a 0.2–10 keV un-absorbed flux of 1.1 × 10−14 erg cm−2 s−1 or an un-absorbed luminosity of 1.5 × 1030 erg s−1.
Conclusion. Thanks to the previously determined mass and distance constraints of the neutron star PSR J1909–3744, and its predominantly thermal emission, deep observations of this object with future X-ray facilities should provide useful constraints on the neutron star equation of state.


continued on page 2 The fires of 2002, including the RodeoChediski with its dramatic evacuations and widespread damage to communities, riveted the nation's attention on wildfire. These and other devastating wildfires in recent years have been widely attributed to severe drought conditions, but other factors, such as sequences of wet and dry climatic conditions, fire suppression, logging, overgrazing, the actions of environmentalists, and an ongoing bark beetle infestation have also been blamed for playing significant roles.


This paper illustrates that the importance of air conditioning system using heat pipe as heat reclaiming device.Analyses the heat transfer model of the uniform annular fin heat pipe under the condition of near room-temperature.Establishes functions about fin structure parameter,such as height,spacing and thickness of fin when volume of fin is the smallest under unit temperature difference and unit quantity of heat.And uses genetic algorithm to optimize the model of the uniform annular fin heat pipe.The calculation results showed that the method of genetic algorithm is effective.


An autonomous robotic manipulator can reduce uncertainty in the locations of objects in either of two ways: by sensing, or by motion strategies. This paper explores the use of motion strategies to eliminate uncertainty, without the use of sensors. The approach is demonstrated within the context of a simple method to orient planar objects. A randomly oriented object is dropped into a tray. When the tray is tilted, the object can slide into walls, along walls, and into corners, sometimes with the effect of reducing the number of possible orientations. For some objects a sequence of tilting operations exists that leaves the object's orientation completely determined. The paper describes an automatic planner that constructs such a tilting program, using a simple model of the mechanics of sliding. The planner has been implemented, the resulting programs have been executed using a tray attached to an industrial manipulator, and sometimes the programs work. The paper also explores the issue of sensorless manipulation, tray-tilting in particular, within the context of a formal framework first described by Lozano-Pérez, Mason, and Taylor [1984]. It is observed that sensorless motion strategies perform conditional actions using mechanical decisions in place of environmental inquiries.


With increasing cell density and the heterogeneity in the network, optimal user-cell association which is a well known open problem, will become an even more challenging issue. Contrary to the current studies that address user-cell association problem for convectional HetNets with massive MIMO deployments in HF (high frequencies) ranges, in this paper we investigate user-cell association problem for dense two-tier networks with massive MIMO deployment both at macro and femto-tier operating in HF and mmWave spectrum, respectively. We evaluate the performance of four user-cell association algorithms for massive MIMO deployment in a two-tier network under two different deployment scenarios: 1) HF-HF (both tiers operating in HF band); 2) HF-mmWave (MBSs operating in HF while FBSs in mmWave bands. To this end, we model the association problem in form of a convex network utility maximization problem as a function of the downlink user throughput. Contrary to the existing load aware association schemes that preclude the effect of bandwidth disparity in HF and mmWave bands, we propose a modified utility function that takes into account the effect of large bandwidth at mmWave bands. The problem is solvable through centralized as well as distributed or user centric load aware user association schemes.


In magnetic data storage devices field soft magnetic thin films as read and write heads of HDD's have played a vital role in enhancing the data storage density and data transfer rates. Soft magnetic materials primarily include varieties of Ni-Fe alloys. In the present study NiFe (80:20) permalloy thin film was studied because of its comparable good soft magnetic properties. Electroplating of Ni-Fe thin films was done over copper substrates over a range of temperatures and potentials at a fixed bath composition of Nickel and Iron ions in the ratio of 80:20. Various characterizations such as XRD, SEM, EDS, Stylus surface profilometry and MFM of the prepared sample were done. XRD patterns revealed the formation of Ni-Fe alloy. Crystallite size calculations done from XRD patterns shows that crystal size of deposits increases with increase in bath temperature, hence lattice strain decreases. Morphology of thin films was observed by SEM, grains were spherodized in shape and were clustered due to high surface energy associated with decreased size. EDS analysis confirms the composition of thin films, that emanated to be approximately equal to 80:20 (Ni:Fe) as was desired. Surface properties such as thickness, roughness and waviness of thin film were measured by stylus surface profilometer. Thickness of thin films prepared at different bath temperature and deposition parameters conditions came out to be in the range of 2.5 to 3.0µm, and roughness varied from 0.1 to 1.0 µm. MFM analysis was done to study the magnetic behavior of thin films, differentiate between magnetic and nonmagnetic phase and topography of the deposits prepared at various conditions. More magnetic phase was found in the deposit prepared by electrolytic bath at high temperature as compared to that of low temperature.


The integrated biological aerated filter(BAF)with both aeration section and non-aeration section was adopted to treat dairy farm wastewater under the dry dung cleaning up process.The performance of BAF during operating process was investigated and the optimal treatment condition was achieved base on the experiment results.The experimental results showed that initial NH+4-N concentration,recirculation ratio,hydraulic retention time(HRT)and air/water ratio had obvious influences on the performances of BAF system.When the volumetric ratio of BAF aeration section to non-aeration section was 2∶1,the average NH+4-N,TN and COD in treated dairy farm wastewater were94.20,94.99,459.5mg/L,the effluent NH+4-N,TN and COD could decreased to 2.76,20.42,82.0mg/L respectively under the operating condition of HRT 12h,recirculation ratio 2∶1and air/water ratio 20∶1.This research indicated that the integrated BAF could treat the dairy farm wastewater efficiently under the dry dung cleaning up process,and the effluent NH+4-N,TN and COD could meet the requirements of the newest discharge standard of water pollutants for livestock and poultry breeding(suggestion-soliciting draft)in the direct-discharge mode for the newly-established breeding farm.


1. Robertson, H. M. and K. W. Wanner. 2006. The chemoreceptor superfamily in the honey bee, Apis mellifera: Expansion of the odorant, but not gustatory, receptor family. Genome Research 16: 1395-1043. 2. Sadd, B. et al. 2015. The genomes of two key bumblebee species with primitive eusocial organization. Genome Biology, in press. 3. Thompson, J.D., Gibson, T.J., Plewniak, F., F. Jeanmougin and D. G. Higgins. 1997. The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Research 25: 48764882. 4. Capella-Gutierrez, S., J. M. Silla-Martinez and T. Gabaldon. 2009. TrimAl: a tool for automated alignment trimming in large-scale phylogenetic analyses. Bioinformatics. 25:1972-1973. 5. http://atgc.lirmm.fr/phyml/execution.php 6. Yang, Z.H. 1997. PAML: a program package for phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood. Computer Applications in Biosciences 13: 555-556. 7. Smadia, C., Shi, P., R. K. Butlin and H. M. Robertson. 2009. Large gene family expansions and adaptive evolution for od orant and gustatory receptors in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Molecular biology and evolution 26: 2073-2086. 8. Oxley, P. R., Ji, L., Fetter-Pruneda, I., McKenzie Sean, K., Li, C., Hu, H., G. Zhang, and D. J. Kronauer. 2014. The genome of the clonal raider ant Cerapachys biroi. Current biology 24: 451-458. 9. Pickett, J.A., Wadhams, L.J., C.M. Woodcock and J. Hardie. 1992. The chemical ecology of aphids. Annual Review Entomology 37: 67-90. 10.Smith, C.R., Smith, C.D., Robertson, H. M., Helmkampf, M., Zimin, A., Yandell, M., Holt, C., Hu, H., Abouheif, E.,..., F. Wolschin and J. Gadau. 2011. Draft genome of the red harvester ant Pogonomyrmex barbatus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108: 5667-5672. 11.Left image: "Common Eastern Bumble Bees on Jerusalem Artichoke" by D. Gordon E. Robertson Own work by September 17, 2013. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Common_Eastern_Bumble_Bees_on_Jerusalem_Artichoke.jpg#/media/File:Com mon_Eastern_Bumble_Bees_on_Jerusalem_Artichoke.jpg. 12.Right image: "Bumble Bee Queen Bombus impatiens" by Bruce MarlinOwn work by May 10, 2009. http://bugguide.net/node/view/274387. Significance There are some previous studies about Or and Gr molecular evolution with orthologous comparisons, however it is not obvious why positive selection should be exhibited in these comparisons as the orthologous receptors have not been shown to detect different ligands. There are only two published studies have explored positive selection with the chemoreceptor gene families of a single species. Molecular information on bumblebee chemoreceptor can help us understand mechanisms of speciation and diversity. Moreover, the identification of Ors and Grs has important function for evolutionary biology, functional genetics, comparative genetics and agriculture development. Gaining deeper understanding about the molecular level of Ors and Grs could help explain the complex social behaviors of bees. Methods 1.Identification of B. impatiens Ors and Grs by Manual Bioinformatics Manually annotated Ors in B. impatiens by doing TBLASTN searches with B. terrestris Ors as queries for related genes at NCBI 2.


It is natural to connect reinsurance problems with risk measures since a reinsurance contract is an efficient risk management tool for an insurer and the reinsurance premium can also be viewed as a measure of a reinsurer's risk. In this paper, we assume that the insurer uses a law-invariant convex risk measure, while reinsurers use a Wang's premium principle to determine their premiums. We study an optimal reinsurance policy design from an insurer's perspective in a market of multiple reinsurers. Both the insurer's risk measure and the reinsurer's premium principle represent broad families of risk measures with considerable generality. We provide a general formula for the optimal solution which recovers existing results if particular law-invariant convex measures, such as the AVaR, and particular premium principles are assigned.


In this study, we proposed an architecture for Web 3.0, which is based on the hashed interactions among user nodes that can transform bilateral trusts into collective time order, which is the major achievement of blockchain technology, without the expensive Proof of Work or the questionable Proof of Stake.


Stemming from the seeming lack of motivation of EFL students at Ibra College of Technology, the present study explores the L2 motivational self system of Omani college students by means of Dornyei's (2009) framework. It particularly underscores the degree of existence or absence of the L2 self among the study participants. With the use of grounded-theory, four students in the general foundation revealed information about the factors that contribute to the use of their ideal self, ought-to self, and L2 learning experience as their source of motivation. Findings reveal that the students' reasons, such as complacency with regard to their way of life in Oman and convenience in speaking their L1, act as hindrances to gain motivation to learn English. Moreover, the students reported that people around them do not have a huge impact on their English language learning journey, but they expressed use of ideal self with regard to obtaining a job. Findings are indicative that to a certain extent, the students make use of their ideal self and ought-to self as a source of motivation. Pedagogical and theoretical implications are also provided in the present study.


A mathematical model of an oil field drill string which includes the effect of torque has been developed. The drill string can include arbitrary members with known mechanical properties. The solution gives the three-dimensional deflection curve, forces on the borehole wall, the magnitude and direction of the resultant force and slope of the deflection curve at the bit.


The effects of multicomponent mass transport on the predictions of chemical vapor infiltration models are investigated. The dusty-gas model is used as basis for describing multicomponent transport in the pore space of the preforms. Results are presented over a broad range of conditions extending from the bulk to the Knudsen diffusion regime using the full dusty-gas model and a number of variants. These variants are obtained by simplifying the full form of the dusty-gas model and retaining or omitting the viscous flow terms. The presented results demonstrate the importance of using the complete form of the dusty-gas model in most applications and elucidate the implications of some of the simplifying assumptions that are commonly made in describing gaseous mass transport in chemical vapor infiltration.


Abstract This study presents a 13-year (2006–2018) systematic literature review related to the way that computational thinking (CT) has grown in elementary level education students (K-6) with the intention to: (a) present an overview of the educational context/setting where CT has been implemented, (b) identify the learning context that CT is used in education, (c) highlight the ways of assessment/measurement of CT and present the learning outcomes for students who engage in CT educational activities. A set of criteria were specified to select appropriate studies for inclusion in the review. A thorough search in ten large electronic databases, meeting the inclusion criteria, revealed 53 studies on CT in primary education. The results of the study revealed a variety of educational and learning contexts that CT has been integrated. The majority of studies use the framework of programming for both plugged and unplugged activities in order to cultivate students' CT-skills, while the main interest focuses on the subject of Computer Science and STEM field in general. However, teaching and learning issues on CT-concepts and skills, CT-measurement and the adoption of an established definition of CT remain a challenge. Based on the current findings, some recommendations and implications for future research are provided.


Solubilities of CaSO4, 2H2O in hydrochloric acid solutions of concentration up to normal have been studied for temperatures from 20° to 70°. Results are discussed in relation to the Debye-Huckel theory.


Although scholars from many disciples have contributed hypotheses to explain why humans are a musical species, relatively little empirical evidence exists in favor of any perspective. I argue that music evolved as a tool to facilitate social bonding and is, therefore, able to make people feel more connected to one another. If this is the case, then music may be able to facilitate the reduction of prejudice by helping members of different social groups bond with one another. I investigate this hypothesis through two studies using imagined intergroup contact – a prejudice reducing manipulation. Participants imagined interacting with another student (either black or white) while listening to positive, negative, or no music. Following this manipulation, attitudes towards the African American social group were measured both implicitly and explicitly. The results are not fully consistent with the hypothesis that experiencing music while imagining interacting with an outgroup member will facilitate bonding with that individual and, in turn, reduce prejudice towards that individual's social group. Throughout these two studies, the results did not provide consistent evidence for the hypotheses. MUSIC AND IMAGINED CONTACT 3 Music is not simply an invention of culture, an art form, or a modern fad. Rather, it is a universal phenomenon which has persisted across countless cultures throughout history. Every known culture to exist in modern times makes or made music (Huron, 2001). Additionally, based on archeological evidence, the earliest known musical instrument is a bone flute which was fashioned from the femur of the now-extinct European cave bear (Turk, 1997). This Paleolithic flute is estimated to be between 43,000 and 82,000 years old. Since complex evolutionary adaptations arise on timescales of many millennia, these facts suggest that music may be an evolved human trait. This hypothesis is supported by evidence that humans process music using specialized neural pathways. Studies of patients with congenital amusia suggest that music is processed using a specialized pathway based in the right hemisphere of the brain (Hyde, Zatorre, Griffiths, Lerch, & Peretz, 2006; Peretz, 2006). This right hemispheric localization of music processing has also been observed in newborns, as early as the first postnatal hours (Perani et al., 2010). This finding indicates that specialized music processing is an innate neurological function, and is not acquired through general learning. In addition, studies of patients with lesion-induced amusias show that some individuals with brain lesions are unable to recognize music despite retaining normal processing and memory capabilities for other auditory and linguistic stimuli (Eustache, Lechevalier, Viader, & Lambert, 1990; Peretz, 1996). These facts suggest that, over time, specialized neural circuitry has evolved in order to support human musicality. Theories on the Evolved Function of Music The earliest theorization regarding the evolved function of music can be traced back to Darwin's (1871) Descent of Man, in which he suggested that human musicality developed due MUSIC AND IMAGINED CONTACT 4 to sexual selection pressures. Similarly to how many male birds produce elaborate songs in order to attract potential mates, the human use of music could have evolved as a courtship behavior in service of mate selection. However, sexual selection is typically accompanied by sexual dimorphism, a phenotypic difference between males and females, since one sex displays the trait in order to court the other sex (e.g., see Andersson, 1994). Because there is no convincing evidence that either human sex is more musical than the other, this weakens the claim that musicality is a sexually selected trait. In addition, humans commonly perform complex, coordinated musical pieces in groups, as opposed to solo or lek performances like the sexual selection hypothesis would suggest. For this reason, human musicality might be compared to the duets performed by monogamous species, such as gibbons. Darwin originally attributed gibbon singing to courtship, but there is little evidence to suggest that this is the case (Mitani, 1988). Rather, evidence suggests that monogamous gibbon pairs sing to defend territory and strengthen pair bonds (see Geissmann, 2000). Importantly, these musical performances are cooperative, coordinated, and involve both sexes. This explanation of music seems to be more applicable to humans than the competitive, individual, single-sex nature of courtship singing. However, human musical performance generally extends beyond duets to larger groups, sometimes even a whole community or tribe. Just as individual singing provides an individuallevel benefit when explained by courtship and duet singing provides a familial-level benefit when explained by territory protection and pair bonding, group singing in humans is probably best explained by a group-level benefit (See Brown, 2000). MUSIC AND IMAGINED CONTACT 5 Indeed, many scholars have explained the evolutionary advantage of human musicality at the group level. It has been argued that music may be a tool for creating social bonds (e.g., Dunbar, Kaskitis, MacDonald, & Barra, 2012; Freeman, 2000), a signal of group cohesiveness (e.g., Hagen & Bryant, 2003), a social reward system (e.g., Brown, 2000), and a device of social coordination (e.g., Loersch & Arbuckle, 2013; Roederer, 1984). These hypotheses share the common thread that music is a tool of social living. Although little empirical evidence exists in favor of any specific evolutionary explanation of music, the data that do exist suggest that music helps us live in social groups. For example, Loersch and Arbuckle (2013) demonstrated that people's emotional responses to music are tied to the other core social processes which facilitate group living. They demonstrated that participants' levels of musical reactivity, the extent to which they are affected by music, predicts their social behavior in other non-musical domains. Those individuals who were most strongly influenced by music were also the most sensitive to nonmusical forms of social information. Importantly, they also demonstrated that levels of musical reactivity could be affected by manipulating a participants' desire to belong to a social group, establishing a causal relationship between musical reactivity and social processes. These findings suggest that human musicality was selected for by the same evolutionary mechanisms which selected for other social behaviors. As opposed to this intragroup social function, Hagen and Bryant (2003) argue that music serves an intergroup social function. Their research suggests that music evolved as a communication system which can reliably provide information about a group, such as coalition quality. People in a high quality coalition are more likely to like each other, have known each MUSIC AND IMAGINED CONTACT 6 other for longer, and help one another. In their study, participants who listened to music with poor synchronization rated the music as lower quality in addition to rating the group of musicians as a lower quality coalition. Since the production of music requires a group to carefully coordinate its behavior, the quality of their music can credibly relay information about the social strength of the group. This information can allow other groups to make informed decisions about cooperation and competition with this group. Finally, Dunbar et al. (2012) argue that music evolved to facilitate social bonding. Since endorphins are a chemical mediator of the bonding process, the authors hypothesized that music making would trigger endorphin release. They inferred the amount of endorphin release by measuring changes in pain tolerance and positive affect following a musical experience. They found that people who participated in making music showed higher levels of pain tolerance and positive affect, compared to people who passively listened to music. The implications of these results are limited by their use of natural groups, small sample sizes, and indirect measurement of endorphin release. However, they do suggest that the origins of music lie in its ability to promote social bonding within groups, thereby facilitating group living. Though the existing body of evidence is small, it does suggest that music evolved as a social process. The current work looks to expand upon this evidence by examining this hypothesis within the context of intergroup relations. I argue that music serves to facilitate bonding with anyone, regardless of their social group. If music is able to facilitate bonding with a member of a minority social group, then this strengthened social bond may translate to improved attitudes and behaviors towards other members of that group. For this reason, music could be used as part of an intervention to reduce bias between social groups. MUSIC AND IMAGINED CONTACT 7 Intergroup Bias Intergroup bias refers to the tendency to favor one's own social group (the ingroup) over a social group with which one does not identify (the outgroup). Social identity theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1979) explains the psychological motivation behind intergroup bias. It states that a portion of a person's sense of self arises from their identification with various groups. Due to this link between the self and the group, favoring the ingroup over outgroups will create a more positive view of the self by increasing ingroup status and success (see Ashforth & Mael, 1989; Hogg & Abrams, 1990; Rubin & Hewstone, 1998). A parallel explanation of this motivation lies in the fact that humans are adapted to group living (see Brewer & Caporael, 2006; Caporael & Brewer, 1995). As it became increasingly adaptive to live in social groups, individual survival became intertwined with group survival. For this reason, favoring the ingroup can be explained by the intrinsic biological motivation to ensure the survival of one's genes, in


The effects of movement velocity of probe on the detecting signal are analyzed and researched based on theories and experiments. The results are very important to practical detection.


An electrochemical cell system including a plurality of electrochemical cells arranged in an electrochemical cell stack, the stack including a plurality of substacks configured such that fluid flows in series from substack to substack, a first electrical control device coupled to a first substack and a second electrical control device coupled to a second substack, wherein the first electrical control device is controllable independently of the second control device to selectively electrically configure the first and second substacks.


The preliminary results show that the benefit from anaerobic digestion of the green manure leys seem to be based more on biogas energy production than for higher yields after anaerobic digestion. The N leaching risk is under determination.


'J'hc fringes observed in repeat pass intcrferograms arc expressions of surface relief and relative disp]accmcnts. '1'hc lilniting condition in the application of spaccbome radar intcrfcromctry to tllc remote sensing of the sea ice cover is the the large ]nag)]itude of motion between repeat passes. '1'hc translation and rotatio]) of ice flo(:s tend to dccorrclate the observations rendering radar intcrfcrometry incffcctivc. 111 our study, we have located three images in the high Arctic during a period when there was ncg] igiblc motion between repeat observations. 'J'lIC fringes obtained from these images show a wealth of i]lformation about the sca icc cover which is important in atmosphere-ice intcl actions and sca icc mechanics. '1'hesc mcasurc]ncnts provide the first detailed remote sensing view of ihc sea icc cover. Ridges can bc observed and their heights estimated if the illterfero]nctric baseline allows. We have olxicrvcd ridges wit]] hcigl]ts greater than 4m. 'J'he variability ill the phase measurements over an area provides an i])dica,tion of the large scale rouglnlcss. l{clativc centimctric displacements between rigid ice floes have been observed. We illustrate these observations with examples cxt ractcd from the intcrfcrograms formed from t]] is set of FXS 1 SAR images.


Recycling of plastic soda bottles has fallen to its lowest level of the decade, according to an analysis by the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) released in October. Using data from the annual U.S. plastics packaging recycling survey conducted by the American Plastics Council, EDF found that the recycling rate for PET soda botdes dropped from 45% in 1994 to 34% in 1996. Production of virgin plastic continued to outpace recycled material; 1 billion pounds were sxown in 1996 a.s compared with 69 million pounds for recycled plastic packaging EDF's analysis "Something to Hide: The Sorry State of Plastics Recycling" is available on the Web at www edf org/pubs/ Reports / PlasticsRecycline


Cyber operations consist of many functions spanning cyber management, cyber attack, cyber exploitation, and cyber defense, all including activities that are proactive, defensive, and regenerative in nature. A subset of cyber defense, Active Cyber Defense (ACD) focuses on the integration and automation of many services and mechanisms to execute response actions in cyber-relevant time. ACD is comprised of a set of logical functions to capture details from enterprise-level architecture to operational realization with the primary objective to become a living part of DoD cyber operations to help defend the nation from cyber-based adversaries.


A new approach for quantifying the relationship between brain activity patterns and acupuncture is presented by analyzing the spatio-temporal patterns in the electroencephalo-gram (EEG) using Lempel-Ziv (LZ) complexity analysis. In this paper, EEG signals are recorded simultaneously while acupuncturing at 'Zusanli' acupoint (St36) manually. The subjects are 5 acupuncture university students. Every volunteer is acupunctured for four times with different frequencies where 20 groups, 60 pieces data (before, during and after acupuncture for each group) is selected to compare the acupuncture effect on complexity of brain activity. Analyze EEG signals recorded from electrodes C3, C4 with box chart and bar chart. statistical significance is tested by t-test to compare the effect of acupuncture. Analyze EEG signals recorded from 20 electrodes with brain image which reflect the complexity of the whole brain directly to find out which region of brain is affected most by acupuncture. The conclusion derived from experiments and analysis is that acupuncture would increase complexity of the whole brain activity and have the greatest impact on forehead region.


OBJECTIVE
To examine the association between after-school activity (ASA) participation, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) severity, and school functioning among children with ADHD.

METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health on ADHD severity, ASAs and 2 domains of school functioning among children with ADHD: missed days from school and calls home from school.

RESULTS
Of 4,049 children with ADHD (weighted N = 5,010,662), 71.8% participated in at least 1 ASA. In multivariable regression analyses, ASA participation was associated with lower odds of moderate-to-severe ADHD [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.46-0.85] and lower odds of missed school days (aOR 0.55, 95% CI, 0.41-0.74). We did not find significant associations with calls home from school (aOR 0.79, 95% CI, 0.59-1.07).

CONCLUSION
After-school activity participation is associated with decreased ADHD severity and reduced school absenteeism. Efforts to optimize ADHD outcomes should consider engaging children and adolescents in ASAs.


It has been pointed out that globally hermatypic corals in coral reefs have been seriously damaged in recent years, and it is predicted that such damages will expand in area in the future. It is important to monitor corals globally, in detail, and over long-term periods, for preservation of the marine environment and biodiversity. The spot-check method, one of the major coral monitoring methods, is operated by snorkelers or divers, and therefore, its operation is limited by the seastate, and its monitoring areas are often for specific observation points. On the other hand, the satellite remote sensing, another major coral monitoring methods, can cover composite coral reef areas, but the image resolution is a few meters, and it is not possible to monitor small size coral colonies and deep sea areas. The boat-based fluorescence imaging lidar system has been developed to complement these coral monitoring methods. This system obtains linear coral observation data along the boat track, and makes it possible to build a cooperative coral monitoring network. Since most hermatypic corals have fluorescent proteins, living tissues can be monitored using the blue-to-green fluorescence from UV excitation. It is possible to observe the UV-excited fluorescence images from live coral even in the daytime, by the UV excited fluorescence imaging lidar. Additionally, laser bathymetry is also possible by time-of-flight measurement. We have succeeded in observing the pseudo-coral fluorescent images and depths down to 30 m depth at the testing basin. Secondly, we have succeeded in observing the live coral fluorescent images and their depths by the lidar system using a glass-bottom-boat at Taketomi island, Okinawa, Japan. The system summary and observed data are reported in this paper.


Schools face the need to create a system for managing the performance of teaching employees whose activities are specific, difficult to formalize, and subjected to experiments with different degrees of success throughout the world. This paper deals with providing and management of teacher's evaluation in Russian schools. The purpose of the study is to develop a teacher evaluation model based on professional qualities and performance indicators. The results of the study were tested on the basis of a survey of teachers after the implementation of the proposed system of assessment tools and evaluation methods. According to teachers, the new system contributes to their continuous professional development and, therefore, to the sustainable development of the educational organization in a competitive environment. The proposed methodology for teachers' evaluation clarifies the general data and meets their expectations, expectations of students and management in terms of correspondence with the development strategies of educational organizations.


In anticipation of pervasive onboard navigation and electronic payment associated with connected vehicle technology, universal dynamic tolling is a promising possibility for future congestion management. In order to take advantage of these advancements, planners must consider which metrics should be used for the selection and performance evaluation of tolls. This work considers two metrics: median travel time and reliability measured with the 80th percentile travel time index. Each metric is tested for the identification of candidate tolling facilities and for the evaluation of the toll's performance. Using data mining techniques on measured volumes and speeds from California freeways, test tolls are simulated based on the two identification metrics. The authors find that both metrics contribute to the assessment of the toll's success, but travel time reliability is a stronger metric for determining the most effective locations for imposing tolls.


Justice exists in and through interpretations of past laws and legal procedures. Justice for sex crimes, however, is particularly complex due to the differences between victim needs and the operations of the criminal justice system. This study, using 70 semi-structured interviews and 2 focus groups from Canadian police departments, shows procedural and distributive justice as the two most prevalent forms of justice police officers use when dealing with sex crimes. The commonalities between the two forms of justice support the notion that police officers have adapted to using multiple methods of justice that are more compassionate to victims of sexual violence. In this paper, I show that Canadian police officers use characteristics from both procedural and distributive justice when responding and dealing with sex victims and their offenders. My analysis shows that police officers are encouraged to use new forms of policing to enhance positive victim relations. Contrary to research that focuses on the adverse treatment of victims, this paper will explore the promising changes in Canadian police officers' conceptualization of justice for victims and their offenders.


Multi-variable statistical analysis based on energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence measurements on both porcelain body and glaze is employed to give clear and consistent classification of porcelain sherds from northern China of different styles from the Song-Yuan dynasties (Ding and Cizhou styles), and also from the Sui-Tang dynasties (Xing style). However, the observed separation is less clear for Cizhou style sherds produced at neighbouring kiln sites. Imitation Ding porcelain samples produced by ancient Cizhou potters are also analysed.


Epistemology (Theory of Knowledge) has been derived from Greek two words 'episteme' and 'logos' to mean the study of knowledge in philosophy. Knowledge is given a prominent role in any field of study and the ways we construct and interpret the knowledge are seen having immense differences to each field. Nevertheless, we are able to observe some similar observations there have been interpreting the human process in which knowledge is constructed in history. However, Buddhism and Kantian viewpoints regarding epistemology are considered as a volcanic two philosophies in history of philosophy to have given a highly philosophical base in constructing knowledge. Buddhism gave a novel background to knowledge changing existed social system into a more prominent situation in human history. Before the Buddha, knowledge had been interpreted in different ways and a great validity of gaining knowledge was given to religious scriptures and to almighty god-powers. The Buddha entirely changed all kinds of interpretations regarding the knowledge construction stating that humans construct the knowledge based on their 'six senses' (including mind as a sense organ) and they must be responsible for what they experience through senses. In this regard, both reason and experience play an important role together with the 'Mind' in Buddha's view. This Buddha's exposure is well defined in the 'Madhupinḍika sutta' of Majjhima Nikāya. Further, the 'Madhupinḍika sutta' notices the psychological framework of the sense knowledge (Indriyañāna) that is formulated due to one's signs of the past, future and the present starting the contact of sense organs with the external world and thus it ends up with papañca as it is the last ground of the sense perception. Thus in this process of sense knowledge the Buddha too emphasized that both reason and experience are similarly important instead advocating one side alone is adequate to construct knowledge.


Human activities, as mining, can alter the concentrations of metals in the environmental compartments and facilitate their dispersion (Moreno Grau, 2003). Total concentrations are usually evaluated, but they do not provide information about the bioavailability and toxicity of metals, since changes in the environmental conditions cause selective release of the total metal content (Sahuquillo et al., 2003). Thus, the bioavailability or toxic effects of the metals can only be studied by determining their chemical partitioning (Quevauviller, 1998). Leaching by selective chemical extracts is the conventional method for evaluating the availability of elements. The Mazarambroz Pb-Zn mine, located in the Castilla-La Mancha region (central Spain), is an important case of abandoned Pb-Zn sulphide mine, with high concentrations of other highly toxic heavy metals such as Cu, As and Cd. The objectives of this work were to determine the extent of the heavy metal contamination and to study the heavy metal bioavailability, by the application of selective chemical extractions, in the Mazarambroz mine area. Soil and sediment samples were taken from the studied area according to a systematic sampling type (regular grid). Soil main parameters (reactivity and conductivity) were determined. Chemical extractions were made using two different selective reagents: i) CaCl2 (0.01M) (Novozamsky et al., 1993) and; ii) EDTA (0.05 M) (Quevauviller, 1996). The contents of heavy metals in the extracts were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). The compounds extracted with the CaCl2 solution represent the water soluble and exchangeable fractions, so they can be considered as the metal concentration that can be absorbed by plants. EDTA solution extracts metals on exchange sites of both inorganic and organic complexes. Additionally, it can dissolve calcareous materials through complexation of calcium and magnesium (Chao, 1984; Sahuquillo et al., 2003). Total geochemical analyses of the samples were carried out using a Field Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy analyser (EDXRF). Results were statistically processed with Minitab 15.0 and mapped with Surfer 9. The mean concentrations of the studied heavy metals are significantly higher than the world average, the Castilla-La Mancha region mean and the local reference value for soils, so the studied area can be considered a polluted area as consequence of the mining process carried out in the Mazarambroz Pb-Zn mine. The total affected area by high concentrations of heavy metals differs depending on the studied element, reaching the maximum extension and importance for lead and zinc. In the studied area, soil and sediments are also affected by very low pH and high conductivity, which indicates the presence of soluble salts, likely sulfates, products of the sulfide oxidation. These results would imply an increase in the heavy metal mobility and transference to the plants and, as a consequence, an increase in the environmental damage since the area close to the mine is used for the cultivation of cereals and rabbit hutting. The results of the extractions show that the highest extracted concentrations are obtained from the sediment samples due to the influence of the stream in the weathering of this type of materials.


The ultra wideband (UWB) interference to code division multiple access (CDMA) system is analyzed. Two popular UWB modulation schemes, the time hopping pulse position modulation (TH-PPM) and time hopping pulse amplitude modulation (TH-PAM), are considered. The pulse repetition rate (PRR) of UWB impulse radio signal and the frequency band of the CDMA system play the primary roles in the BER performance of the CDMA system receiver in the presence of UWB interference. The characteristics of an aggregation of multiple UWB signals are somehow different from that of a single UWB device, especially for the TH-PPM scheme, where discrete spectral lines maybe exist in the band of CDMA system receiver. The system parameters of TH-PPM such as the modulation index and maximum shift incurred by the time hopping code determine the amplitude of the discrete spectral lines. In multiuser case of TH-PPM, sometimes one discrete spectral line in the band of CDMA system receiver should degrade the BER performance dramatically. It is observed by theoretical analysis and simulations that the interference to CDMA system receiver from single UWB device is very little in common case.


A bacterial strain with a high ability of nicotine degrading was isolated from the soil near Kunming Cigarette Factory. The bacteria could grow well in the culture medium with nicotine as its sole source of carbon and nitrogen. More than 80% of the nicotine in the liquid medium contained 0.4% nicotine was degraded after fermentation for 78hrs. Meanwhile, the color of the liquid medium turned from colorless, through blue, dark blue, and black, to brown. Based on its ecological character and physiochemical analysis, the strain was identified (preliminarily) as a member of Athrobacter sp. The nicotine in 100g of Yunnan B3F cut tobacco sprayed with 2 mL of enzyme liquid (10.15mg protein per mL) of the bacteria and fermented for two days decreased by 15.2%; and that in the same tobacco sample sprayed with the bacterium liquid (109cfu per ml) and fermented for seven days (decreased) by 22.1%.


We have prepared granular films of Fe (36 at. %)–Mg (64 at. %) and measured the magnetization, resistance, and thermopower as a function of the applied magnetic field at temperatures between 300 and 6 K. The as‐prepared sample has a magnetoresistance ratio (ΔR/Rmax) of −6.3% in a field of 5.5 T at 6 K. The samples were annealed at temperatures between 150 °C and 228 °C for one hour. The MR does not vary as the square of the magnetization, as predicted by theory. We attribute this to a particle size distribution effect.


Two hundred and thirty three strains of V. dahliae and three strains of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum were isolated from cotton of the major cotton production areas in Hebei,Sichuan and Liaoning provinces. The defoliating and nondefoliating pathotypes of these strains were evaluated by PCR amplification. Three pairs of primers, which are specific for identifying V. dahliae,defoliating and nondefoliating pathotypes,respectively,were used in the PCR analysis. Results showed that the V. dahliaespecific bands were amplified from all the 233 strains of V. dahliae isolates,but not the 3 strains of F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum,by using V. dahliae specific primers DB19/DB22. PCR amplification with nondefoliating pathotype-specific primers INTNDf /INTNDr revealed that strains Sch-1,Sch-3 from Sichuan province and strain Ly-1 from Liaoning province are nondefoliating type. Defoliating pathotype-specific DNA bands (450 bp) were amplified with primers INTD2f/INTD2r from all the 228 strains of V. dahliae from Hebei prov- ince,as well as the defoliating standard strain T9. Our results indicated that defoliating pathotype of V. dahliae was dominant in the cotton growing area of Hebei province.


Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) is a secondary metabolite produced principally by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus Parasiticus. This toxin represents a significant health hazard for those exposed to it continually for a prolonged


Mineral dust within the Arctic (High Latitude Dust) recently emerged as a new topic in aerosol research. Dust in a such a sensitive system may play a pronounced role with respect to climate or ecosystem interactions. This role might be therefore greater than expected from its relatively loss mass emission compared to the hot desert dust. Some of these possibilities of interaction are determined by dust properties like size distribution and composition of the dust.


The author introduces and evaluates the expressing means and typical styles of the automotive circuit diagram,summarizes the general essentials of its reading and analysis. It's helpful to beginners to grasp it quickly.


Dabrafenib, a BRAF selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) has been associated with pancreatitis alone, and in combination with trametinib (a MEK pathway inhibitor). We report a case of dabrafenib induced acute pancreatitis in a patient undergoing treatment for metastatic papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). This adverse event has not been previously reported in thyroid cancer patients using dabrafenib. Case: A 61-year-old female with papillary thyroid cancer status post total thyroidectomy with pathology revealing right 7.6cm PTC with extrathyroidal extension and 13/72 metastatic lymph nodes. She received 100mCi of radioactive iodine (RAI). Ten months post-surgery, she underwent revision neck dissection with 3/36 nodes positive for metastatic disease and neck muscle invasion by PTC. Molecular testing demonstrated AKT1 and BRAFV600E mutations. Due to progressive neck and mediastinal tumors, recommendation was to proceed with systemic therapy. Initially started dabrafenib monotherapy; after 3 doses patient developed burning epigastric pain and fever. Examination revealed abdominal tenderness, elevated lipase at 2266 U/L (8-76U/L), mild hyperbilirubinemia and leukocytosis. CT abdomen/pelvis revealed peripancreatic fat stranding consistent with focal acute pancreatitis. No history of alcohol use. Dabrafenib was assessed to be culprit of pancreatitis; with immediate discontinuation of TKI and supportive management patient improved. At present patient is tolerating Lenvatinib therapy. BRAFV600E mutation occurs in 29-83% of thyroid cancers affecting growth, proliferation, survival, migration, and loss of tissue-specific differentiation via the intracellular MEK/ERK pathway1. RAI offers an important treatment modality for thyroid cancer patients, however patients with BRAFV600E are often poor responders or refractory to RAI1. Dabrafenib, a specific BRAFV600E tyrosine kinase inhibitor in combination with trametinib (a MEK inhibitor) is FDA approved for treatment BRAFV600E mutated anaplastic thyroid cancer; furthermore there is evidence on PTC responses including redifferentiation 2. Pancreatitis has been reported in <1% of dabrafenib treated patients as monotherapy and in combination with trametinib in unresectable or metastatic melanoma clinical trials. It was reported in 4% of patients in a NSCLC when used in combination with trametinib. Recurrent pancreatitis when dabrafenib was re-introduced at a lower dose has also been reported3. Furthermore, it was the cause of pancreatitis in a patient with metastatic melanoma 4 months into the treatment in combination with trametinib4. As this treatment option becomes increasingly utilized for metastatic or locally advanced anaplastic/papillary thyroid cancers, endocrinologists should be aware of the potential for dabrafenib induced pancreatitis during monotherapy use or in combination with trametinib.


Follow this and additional works at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijcd Part of the Administrative Law Commons, American Politics Commons, Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, Comparative Politics Commons, Conflict of Laws Commons, Constitutional Law Commons, Legal History Commons, Legal Theory Commons, Legislation Commons, Models and Methods Commons, Other Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons, and the Public Administration Commons


Comments on the commonwealth government led process of identifying priority areas for primary health care research and emphasises the need for active participation by general practitioners in developing and regularly reviewing health care priorities in Australia. (non-author abstract)


Field observations and unmanned aerial vehicle surveys from Caldera Taburiente (La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain) show that pre‐existing dykes can capture and re‐direct younger ones to form multiple dyke composites. Chill margins suggest that the older dykes were solidified and cooled when this occurred. In one multiple dyke example, an 40Ar/39Ar age difference of 200 kyr was determined between co‐located dykes. Petrography and geomechanical measurements (ultrasonic pulse and Brazilian disc tests) show that a microscopic preferred alignment of plagioclase laths and sheet‐like structures formed by non‐randomly distributed vesicles give the solidified dykes anisotropic elastic moduli and fracture toughness. We hypothesize that this anisotropy led to the development of margin‐parallel joints within the dykes, during subsequent volcanic loading. Finite element models also suggest that the elastic contrast between solidified dykes and their host rock elevated and re‐oriented the stresses that governed subsequent dyke propagation. Thus, the margin‐parallel joints, combined with local concentration and rotation of stresses, favored the deflection of subsequent magma‐filled fractures by up to 60° to form the multiple dykes. At the edifice scale, the capture and deflection of active intrusions by older ones could change the organization of volcanic magma plumbing systems and cause unexpected propagation paths relative to the regional stress. We suggest that reactivation of older dykes by this mechanism gives the volcanic edifice a structural memory of past stress states, potentially encouraging the re‐use of older vents and deflecting intrusions along volcanic rift zones or toward shallow magma reservoirs.


Wind shear, tower shadow, and yaw error can produce 3P voltage fluctuation in P.C.C., and then influence on sensitive loads widely. Equal interval analytical mode decomposition (EIAMD) and Hilbert transform are used for detection of 3P voltage fluctuation. The natures of Hilbert transform, frequency distinguish ability, and voltage fluctuation radios have discussed to improve the speed and accuracy of calculation. The theoretical findings are substantiated by simulation and experiment results.


Opioids have historically been the pharmacological choice in the treatment of moderate to severe pain of oncological and chronic origin but they have also become a growing and controversial tool in the treatment of non-oncological pain that requires a risk/ benefit evaluation. The present study focuses on the opioid tapentadol, the newest opioid considered highly effective in treating cancer and non-cancer pain. According to the WHO Collaborating Center for Drugs Statistics Methodology, the stated Tapendatol Defined Daily Dose (DDD) for oral administration is 400 mg but the prescribed doses range from 100 mg/day in patients without previous opioid treatments up to a maximum of 600 mg/ day. However, the DDD is a unit of measurement that does not have to reflect the prescribed daily dose (PDD) because therapeutic doses usually differ from DDDs by taking into account individual patient considerations and pharmacokinetic conditions. This retrospective observational study in a community pharmacy on


A folding closure member, the closure member of the folding collapsible to a closed position, the closed position having a linearly aligned and positioned end to end relationship to each other adjacent pair of gabled lid sections oriented to be linearly to one another, and a pair of laterally aligned with and opposite the side adjacent to the cover portion of the gabled lid sections. Also disclosed is a container having side walls, folding closure, and a sleeve each formed unitary blank made. The sleeve has a plurality of ventilation holes and the ventilation holes relative to the container sidewall spacer disposed spaced apart orientation.


We propose a method for measuring vapour densities of K and Rb in a glass cell simultaneously at the working temperature of alkali-mental magnetometer, which based on their resonance lines and Raoult's Law.


This article argues that the discovery of unconscious elements grounding consciousness and its formation processes has favored since Kant a critical vision of the sense of history and a new comprehension of the role of mythology for human consciousnes. The study of this critical movement of reason begins 1) with some discoveries in German Classical Philosophy about the pressupositions of consciousness, which led the subsequent thought 2) to understand history as a "fall". Schelling's analysis of the landmarks of the past – ruins, megaliths, archaic texts – shows thus historical consciousness grounded on an immemorial past from which it frees itself by a revelation. 3) The discussion of mythology as an essential phemomenon for historical consciousness leads, according to Schelling, to a litteral or "tautegorical" interpretation of myths, and 4) to an essentially mythological conception of language and meaning in general. 5) Schelling conceptions are then compared with some philosophical thought about history in the 20th century, viz. Husserl's thesis about the relation between history and consciousness and 6) Adorno and Horkheimer's thought about the relation between myth and Aufklarung. As a conclusion, 7) Schelling's idea of a philosophy of identity is compared with Adorno's conception of the non-identical, specially regarding the comprehension of historical time and its birth, and the European consciousness of colonization and violence.


AIM
To study the effects of bepridil on the rapidly activating component (IKr), the slowly activating component (IKs) of the delayed rectifier potassium current and the inward rectifier potassium current (IK1) in hypertrophied guinea pig ventricular myocytes.

METHODS
The whole cell patch clamp techniques were used.

RESULTS
In hypertrophied guinea pig ventricular myocytes, bepridil 30 mumol.L-1 markedly inhibited IKr and IKs (by 20.9% and 27.2% at 0 mV and mV, respectively). The effect of bepridil on IKs was larger than on IKr. Bepridil 30 mumol.L-1 also significantly inhibited the inward component of IK1 (by 15.1% at +100 mV), but the reverse potential of IK1 was unaffected. Bepridil (1-100 mumol.L-1) was shown to inhibit IKr and IKs in a concentration-dependent manner. Their IC50 were 46.7 mumol.L-1 and 23.8 mumol.L-1, respectively.

CONCLUSION
Bepridil inhibit IKr, IKs and IK1 in hypertrophied guinea pig ventricular myocytes, which may be important in understanding the antiarrhythmic effects of this drug.


In the paper the problem of monitoring of a complex technical systems state of is considered. It is noted that such systems include a large number of elements and their structures permanently change. Classification of problems of monitoring is given and possible approaches to their decision are considered. For solving these problems it is suggested to use model driven approach. As model of structure of a target system it is offered to use multilevel relative finite state operational automata and as behavior model it is offered to use the work flow graphs. The actuality of models is provided by means of analysis of log files. Authors have suggested an algorithm of multilevel relatively finite state operational automata synthesis earlier. For maintenance in actual state of behavior models one can use process mining algorithms. The example of usage of suggested approach is given.


Title

– Financial risk analysis of Cambodia Kamchay hydropower BOT project.

Subject area

– Management science, operational and financial risk of overseas enterprises.

Study level/applicability

– This case is mainly applicable to international business course and project management course.

Case overview

– Since 1992, the Great Mekong sub-regional economic cooperation between China and ASEAN countries was officially launched and set free economic zone. Hydropower is starting to develop in recent years in Cambodia, and it is a good significance to Cambodia ' s industry. Furthermore, most of hydropower plants in Cambodia are built by Chinese companies. Thus, this paper will analyze the current risk and condition of Kamchay hydropower, as well as the development of Chinese enterprise for Cambodia economic and social development.

Expected learning outcomes

– This case study provides students concepts on international business, project management, and operational risk of overseas enterprises. The principle of project contracting, labor cooperation, and project financial in international process are considered together with the implications they have for advancing understanding of the problem of the host country ' s government interests and the various risk of enterprises in international BOT projects.

Supplementary materials

– Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email firstname.lastname@example.com to request teaching notes.


There is an increasing demand for UV single-mode fibers with long-term stability. Due to the small diameter, the coupling efficiency is extremely low, if broadband light-sources or LEDs with near field diameter in the order of approx. 500 μm are used. Therefore, UV lasers are the real candidates for these fibers. Although the power is in the order of several milliwatts, the intensity in the small fiber core is significantly high. Therefore, UV damage has to be taken into account, even in the wavelength region above 300 nm. After the introduction of adjusted measurement systems for these fibers, the properties of some low-mode and single-mode fibers will be shown and discussed.


It can be assumed that at least some of the systems associated with the train traffic operation work in the "mission" mode, i.e. their availability and operational dependability are related to safe "move" of a train through the strictly defined section of the railway line, i.e. systems (devices) must operate reliably during "mission". In the remaining time, operation of devices does not affect the safe train traffic operation. For example, it is possible to list crossing signalling systems or the GSM-R system, which along with the ETCS 2/3 system, constitutes the ERTMS


The invention discloses a focusing method, which is applied to an electronic device with an image collection unit and is used for solving the technical problem that the accuracy of the focusing mode of the electronic equipment is relatively low. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining a first sound signal; determining the position of a sound source that emits the first sound signal; and controlling the image collection unit to focus based on the determined position of the sound source. The invention further discloses a corresponding electronic device.


Flight and swimming in nature can inspire the design of highly adaptive robots capable of working in complex environments. In this letter, we reviewed our work on robotic propulsion in the air and water, with a specific focus on the crucial functions of elastic components involved in the driving mechanism and flapping wings. Elasticity in the driving mechanism inspired by birds and insects can enhance both the aerodynamic efficiency of flapping wings and robustness against disturbances with appropriate design. A flapping wing surface with a stiffness distribution inspired by hummingbirds was fabricated by combining tapered spars and ribs with a thin film. The biomimetic flexible wing could generate more lift than the nontapered wing with a similar amount of power consumption. Underwater flapping-wing propulsion inspired by penguins was investigated by combining the 3-degree-of-freedom (DoF) flapping mechanism and hydrodynamic calculation, which indicates that wing bending increases the propulsion efficiency. This work demonstrates the importance of passive deformation of both wing surfaces and driving mechanisms for improving the fluid dynamic efficiency and robustness in flight and swimming, as well as providing biological insight from an engineering perspective.


Watershed management information system is integrated with multiple themes of watershed information, and becomes a tool of watershed comprehensive management. Based on GIS technology, this paper developed a management information system for Xilin River Basin, which had the functions of data management, query, updating, displaying, output, and model analysis operated at pixel level, and contained three models, i.e., water quality assessment, watershed analysis, and irrigation requirement. Based on remote sensing images, the water quality assessment model realized real time monitoring and estimation of water quality evaluation indices, and, by using logistic regression to calculate the coefficients, could predict the water quality in the future. The watershed analysis model could define flow direction, estimate flow accumulation, and delineate watershed; and the irrigation requirement model could calculate the demands of irrigation under current rainfall condition. Therefore, this watershed management information system could provide valuable information for watershed modern scientific management.


The Current conditions of functioning urban polyclinics require permanent expansion of functional duties of Deputy head physician on medical work, which, in turn, entails a change in the level of professional competences of the named executives. The impact of socio-hygienic characteristics of the substituents on the possibility of adapting them to the changing conditions of management of the city polyclinics are urgent and timely to explore. Of particular interest is the choice of methodology for assessing the effectiveness of the work of the Deputy chief doctor and the definition of priority components of the socio-hygienic characteristics from the point of view of their impact on the results of the work of managers. The study founds that the age and gender of the Deputy chief doctor significantly affect the cost of working time and, to some extent, determine the choice of the directions of work.


Former Soviet Union Immigrant Illicit Drug Use in Israel (1989-2010): Implications for Prevention and Treatment Policy
Background: Since 1989, former Soviet Union (FSU) emigration policy allowed millions of people to exit to western countries. Method: This study examined FSU immigrants and their impact on Israeli illicit drug problems reported by police using a method of exploration and estimation suggested by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Result: Findings show the country's illicit drug related police reports from 1989 to 2010 largely attributed to FSU immigrants. Conclusion: Many FSU immigrants have contributed to the country's growth and development. However, others have cost the country to allocate limited resources to address their drug related criminal activity as well as prevention and treatment services. Further research is needed to validate these findings and to understand the advantages and disadvantages of large scale immigration policy to the absorbing nation.


For a harmonic function on a tree with random walk whose transition probabilities are bounded between two constants in (0,1/2), it is known that the radial and stochastic properties of convergence, boundedness and finiteness of energy are all a.s. equivalent. We prove here that the analogous non-tangential properties are a.e. equivalent to the above ones. We are interested in the comparison between some non-tangential asymptotic properties of harmonic functions on a tree and the corresponding radial properties, using analogous stochastic ones. We proved in a previous work [6], under a reasonable uniformity hypothesis, the almost sure equivalence between different radial and stochastic properties: convergence, boundedness and finiteness of the energy. The probabilistic-geometric methods, adaptated from those we used in the setting of manifolds of negative curvature [5], were flexible and presumed to extend to the non-tangential case for trees. A recent article [2] shows by combinatorial methods the equivalence of the three non-tangential corresponding properties in the particular case of homogeneous trees. It seems to be time to show explicitely that our methods give in a swift way the non-tangential results for general trees satisfying the uniformity hypothesis above. We use our previous results to compare the non-tangential notions with the radial and stochastic ones: we prove on one hand that the stochastic convergence implies the non-tangential convergence in the section 3 and on the other hand that the non-tangential boundedness implies almost surely the finiteness of the non-tangential energy in the section 4. The notations are fixed in the section 1 and our main result is stated in the section 2. � Key-words : harmonic functions — trees — Fatou theorem — random walks. † Math. Classif. : 05C05, 31C20, 31C35, 60J15, 60J50.


We present optical and IR surface photometry of M99 (NGC 4254) at g, r_S i, J and K'. We also present a K' image of M51 (NGC 5194) for comparison. Fourier decomposition of the disk light reveals that the radial distribution of power depends on wavelength, which in turn implies that the spiral structure traced in the visual (i.e. young population I and dust) is different from the one detected at 2 microns (i.e. old stellar disk). We observe radial modulation of the power and a dependency of power with wavelength that are consistent with modal theory of spiral structure.
A central motivation for our research is the fundamental idea of density wave theory that the passage of a spiral density wave triggers star formation. We have found a stellar population age gradient consistent with this scenario in a reddening-free, red supergiant-sensitive, Q-like photometric parameter at 6 kpc galactocentric distance across one of the arms of M99. We rule out that the change in this parameter, Q(r_SJgi), across the arm is mainly due to dust. The difference in Q(r_SJgi) going from the interarm regions to the arms also indicates that arms cannot be due exclusively to crowding of stellar orbits.
We present the first measurement of Omega_p, the angular speed of the spiral pattern, and of the location of the corotation radius, derived from the drift velocity of the young stars away from their birth site. The measured Q(r_SJgi) implies a star formation rate for M99 within the range of 10-20 M_odot/yr; a disk stellar mass surface density of ~80 M_odot/pc^2; and a maximum contribution of ~20 percent from red supergiants to the K' light in a small region, and much smaller on average. We measure a K' arm--interarm contrast of 2-3, too high for M99 to be a truly isolated galaxy.


Abstract Growing criticism of existing educational leadership preparation programs seems to focus on a lack of contextual relevancy and instructional leadership. Universities and school districts need to develop more formal, collaborative, long-term relationships focused on the nature of principal preparation, moving beyond acculturation to district norms and irrelevancy to building future leaders' capacity for continuous educational improvement. Educational administration as an applied field demands that we answer key questions regarding the development of effective practitioners.


Aim. Hypercholesterolemia is the most important causes of atherosclerosis. Serum lipid abnormalities begin in childhood and that atherosclerotic lesions emerge early in life. In this study, the lipid profiles of the cord blood in newborns were compared in terms of gestational parameters, maternal parameters, maternal lipid profiles .Method. Plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein were measured in the cord blood of newborns and in serum of the mothers. The relations between cord plasma lipids values and clinical findings of newborns and their mothers were investigated. Results. Cord blood lipid levels were lower than those in adults. Cord blood HDL levels were correlated positively with maternal HDL levels (r= 0.419, p=0.03). However, there were no significant relations between the triglycerides-cholesterol and other lipoproteins levels in cord and maternal blood (p>0.05). Conclusion. We suggest that cord blood HDL levels have a predictive value in the development of the atherosclerosis in later stages of life.


We propose a cohesive zone model for fatigue cracks growth in a bi- or tri-dimensional structure subje ct to cyclic loading of any amplitude. The model is based on a principle of energy minimization. The numeric al results corroborate theoretical findings and highli ght a number of phenomena related to fatigue crack growth, including identification of Paris law for a constant amplitude loading and retardation effect following an overload in ductile materials. Mots clefs : fatigue, modele cohesif, minimisation d'energie, ef fet de surcharge, propagation 3D


for an Invited Paper for the MAR10 Meeting of The American Physical Society Anisotropic London Penetration Depth in Iron-based Pnictide Superconductors RUSLAN PROZOROV, Ames Lab and Iowa State University The temperature dependent London penetration depth, λ (T ), is linked directly to the structure of the superconducting gap, thus providing valuable insight into the pairing mechanism. I will summarize measurements of the penetration depth in single crystals of iron-based pnictide superconductors comparing the "1111", "11" and "122" families. Compatibility of our results with other gap sensitive probes, such as ARPES and thermal conductivity, will be addressed. A detailed discussion of the doping dependent penetration depth will be given for the well-characterized "122" family, (Ba1−yKy)(Fe1−xTx)2As2 (T=Co, Ni, Pd, Rh). Overall, λ (T ) exhibits a power law variation at low temperatures, λ (T ) = λ (0) + bTn (down to 80 mK in the case of FeNi-122). The exponent n is typically less than 2.8, which is clearly different from n ≈ 4 that parameterizes the exponential behavior expected for conventional fully gapped s-wave superconductors. The low-temperature parameters, λ (0), b and n depend on the doping level and the orientation of a magnetic field with respect to the crystal axes. This evolution is best observed in the out-of-plane penetration depths, λc (T ), which at least in the FeNi-122 system, changes from a high power in the underdoped regime to T−linear in overdoped samples. Simultaneously, the in-plane penetration depth, λab (T ), evolves towards a sub-quadratic behavior with n ≈ 1.7. Furthermore, analysis of the superfluid density in the full temperature range is consistent with two-gap superconductivity. However, the temperature dependencies of the anisotropies, λc/λab and ξab/ξc, are opposite compared to another two-gap superconductor, MgB2. Consistency of these results with theories that explain the power law behavior to be due to scattering in a two-dimensional s± model will be discussed. Overall, our results suggest that the superconducting gap in iron-based pnictide superconductors develops nodal structure in the overdoped regime with nodes located at finite kz wave vectors on a three-dimensional Fermi surface. References: C. Martin et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 247002 (2009); R. T. Gordon et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 127004 (2009); R. T. Gordon et al., Phys. Rev. B 79, 100506(R) (2009)


Graeme Norris 1979 Farnborough: Saxon House vii + 219 pp price £9 The author's purpose in this book is to encourage discussion of the relationship between the goals, the allocation of resources and the effectiveness of universities. This purpose is undoubtedly praiseworthy, especially as universities are increasingly in competition with other claimants for public support, and their benefit to the nation often appears remote or, at best, of a long term nature.


It is imperative that procedures are implemented or modified to identify overpayments at your medical practice to avoid a False Claims Act violation.


[Objective] In this experiment we explored the expression, purification condition and 2064 微生物学通报 Microbiol. China 2016, Vol.43, No.9 Tel: 010-64807511; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; http://journals.im.ac.cn/wswxtbcn tertiary structure of the Curli family protein CsgF of Escherichia coli CFT073, to provide a theoretical basis for studying the biosynthetic mechanism of Curli. [Methods] The csgF gene was amplified by PCR from E. coli CFT073 genomic DNA, and the recombinant plasmids such as pET28a-csgF(nsp)-N-6His, pET28a-csgF(20−129)-N-6His, pET28a-csgF-C-6His, and pET28a-csgF(nsp)-C-6His, were constructed. These were then transformed into E. coli strain DH5α, and the expression of the csgF gene in E. coli BL21(DE3) was induced by isopropyl β-D-1-Thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). Next, CsgF was separated and purified by Ni-chelating affinity chromatograph and gel exclusion chromatography, and was determined by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting assay. The protein interaction of CsgF and CsgG was studied by pull down experiments. The tertiary structure of CsgF was constructed based on homology modeling. [Results] The purified CsgF protein of high stability was obtained in condition of 50 mmol/L sodium acetate (pH 5.0), 150 mmol/L NaCl and 5% glycerol. Pull down experiments showed there was interaction between CsgF and CsgG. Homology modeling demonstrated that the tertiary structure of CsgF was of (β/α) model. [Conclusion] Our findings can lay a foundation for studying the structure and function of CsgF.


Internet browser such as Mozilla, IE etc. is a computer program which allows a person to show and communicate with text, images, videos, music along with other information on the web. There's a necessity to integrate Internet browsing feature on Tuner (STB) being an additional feature to supply value to interactive television services. Despite the fact that it is possible to perform this type of task, but supplying a great design having a capable processor and operating system which can handle handling more present and advanced with economical looks to become challenging. The Expansion atmosphere requires a Desktop with Linux OS configured with 32 bit Direct Facebook package. The Frame Buffer support needs to be enabled during Linux Installation. ARM core processors and Linux operating-system (OS) may are employed in implementation of interactive television. ARM is among the most licensed and therefore prevalent processor cores on the planet and used particularly in portable products because of low power consumption and reasonable performance (MIPS / watt) and Linux is definitely a free operating-system with higher versatility and guaranteed tile system. Present paper presents an implementation of Internet browsing baked into STB using ARM processors and Linux OS.


The article presents: history of development of service of medicine of catastrophes in the republic, main activities, significancy and analysis of work Republican Center medicine of catastrophes in liquidation health-care implications of major emergencies, have occurred over the past few years in the Republic of Tatarstan


This paper, for setting method of a comprehensive historical environment conservation and contribute spatial region to develop, review ideal situation of landscape image, it is intended to obtain the basic knowledge. In the evaluation of district boundary line, spatial region is likely to be ambiguous recognized from the fact that the boundary line is higher in the error rate of a complex part. Image evaluation of the building, evaluation of the streets in the ma or point, through veri cation, on the boundary line of the area, it was shown the possibility of the existence and expansion of the image area of historic amenity.


How does meaning enter the typography (an aspect which so often goes unnoticed by the reader) of a text? How do typographers themselves view this question? And what role does talking about it (typography) play? In what part of our imagination does the body of "industrial text" show itself? These are some of the questions we will try to touch upon.


The authors have studied the segregation and manifestations of the tRNA[sup Lys] A[r arrow]G[sup (8344)] mutation of mtDNA. Three unrelated patients with myoclonus epilepsy and ragged-red fibers (MERRF) syndrome were investigated, along with 30 of their maternal relatives. Mutated mtDNA was not always found in the offspring of women carrying the tRNA[sup Lys] mutation. Four women had 10%-33% of mutated mtDNA in lymphocytes, and no mutated mtDNA was found in 7 of their 14 investigated children. The presence of mutated mtDNA was excluded at a level of 3:1,000. Five women had a proportion of 43%-73% mutated mtDNA in lymphocytes, and mutated mtDNA was found in all their 12 investigated children. This suggests that the risk for transmission of mutated mtDNA to the offspring increases if high levels are present in the mother and that, above a threshold level of 35%-40%, it is very likely that transmission will occur to all children. The three patients with MERRF syndrone had, in muscle, both 94%-96% mutated mtDNA and biochemical and histochemical evidence of a respiratory-chain dysfunction. Four relatives had a proportion of 61%-92% mutated mtDNA in muscle, and biochemical measurements showed a normal respiratory-chain function in muscle in all cases. These findings suggestmore » that >92% of mtDNA with the tRNA[sup Lys] mutation in muscle is required to cause a respiratory-chain dysfunction that can be detected by biochemical methods. There was a positive correlation between the levels of mtDNA with the tRNA[sup Lys] mutation in lymphocytes and the levels in muscle, in all nine investigated cases. The levels of mutated mtDNA were higher in muscle than in lymphocytes in all cases. 30 refs., 3 figs., 5 tabs.« less


Breaking of a plasma wave driven by a long beam of charged particles results in electron jets escaping from the plasma column and forming an electron halo. For plasma densities less than or of the order of the beam density, this process is well described by a semi-analytical model, which agrees with simulations and allows to calculate the position of wavebreaking points and determine the regions around the plasma column occupied by the halo.


We propose a depth-assisted error concealment method for slice losses in intra frames of 2-D+depth encoded 3-D video. Intra frames in the depth sequence are offset from intra frames in the 2-D view sequence, such that the corresponding frames in the other sequence are not also intra mode. For slice losses in an intra frame of the 2-D sequence, motion vector (MV) candidates to conceal the lost macroblocks come from the co-located MVs in the depth frame as well as from MVs in the previous 2-D frame chosen based on motion information from the depth frame. Then the temporal smoothness of the depth sequence is used to filter out MV candidates. Finally, an enhanced distortion criterion is used for MV selection, based on contour information in the depth frame and boundary matching. Experimental results show that the proposed method provides improved performance over existing methods.


Does the "soft side" of management matter? Many managers assert that "firm culture" is strongly correlated with productivity, but there are few robust tests of this assertion. In a set of field experiments, we study driver productivity within a large US logistics company that is arguably transitioning from one relational contract to another, while leaving formal practices and incentives unchanged. We find that sites under the new contract are associated with 1/8 percent higher productivity. Our findings suggest that relational contracts have a first-order effect on productivity and that they can be altered over time.


The effect of filtrate of 3 isolates of PSF which growth in liquid solution with different content of soluble phosphate on rock phosphate solubilization was reported in this paper.The results showed that no significant influence of medium soluble phosphate on RP solubilization by filtrate of P39 strain,the P-solubilizing activity of filtrate of P39 was mainly dominated by medium glucose content;higher P-solubilizing activity was obtained with higher C source supplement.In contrast with P39,the P-solubilizing activity of filtrate of P66 was affected by both glucose and soluble phosphate content in the medium.That is at low glucose supplement(10 g/L),almost no P-solubilizing activity was detected in filtrate of P66,but at higher glucose dosage,a positive correlation between the P-solubilizing activity of filtrate of P66 and soluble phosphate content in medium was observed.The filtrate of P2.3 hasn't found P-solubilizing activity in all treatments.From this experiment,we concluded that the P-solubilizing activity of PSF was not induced by P stress;this conclusion was in reverse with others reports.


Since our journal's launch in 2003 our scientific and professional scope has been expanding rapidly and we are getting stronger with every issue. Our impact factor, under the ISI cardiac and cardiovascular systems category, is now an impressive 3.0. This debut is based on citations in 2004 to the articles published in the first three issues of our new journal in 2003. So we are currently ranked 15 in the top 20 cardiovascular journals. Our strength lies in the scientific, clinical and public health disciplines we serve in relation to the causes and prevention of cardiovascular disease, and we are attracting a wide diversity of original scientific papers. We have expanded the scope of our journal with the addition of a new section on sports cardiology and highlighting 'basic science' as a separate section under original scientific papers. Our short reports continue to provide efficient publication of key scientific results without a full text article.


Let be an open subset of the complex plane and let be an injective holomorphic self-map of such that the sequence of iterates of is a run-away sequence. We prove that the composition operator with symbol is spherically universal on a suitable function space consisting of sphere-valued functions – in contrast to the known fact that, in general, is not hypercyclic on in case that is multiply connected. Moreover, concrete open sets which support spherically universal functions will explicitly be determined in case that the symbol of the composition operator is given by a finite Blaschke product of degree two that has an attracting fixed point at the origin.


Introduction: Frequent home spirometry may offer advantages over intermittent clinic spirometry in patients with IPF by providing a more accurate estimate of lung function and enabling earlier detection of disease progression or acute exacerbations. However, poor adherence may limit feasibility. Aim: To assess adherence to home spirometry in subjects with IPF in the INMARK trial. Methods: Subjects with IPF and FVC ≥80% predicted were randomised to receive nintedanib or placebo for 12 weeks, followed by open-label nintedanib for 40 weeks. Subjects were asked to perform home spirometry at least once a week and ideally daily. Adherence was assessed as the number of weeks that a subject provided ≥1 home spirometry measurement divided by the number of weeks they were followed in the study. Analyses included all subjects who received ≥1 dose of trial medication. Results: Among 346 subjects, the proportion of subjects with 100% adherence decreased over the trial but remained above 50% (Figure). Over 52 weeks, mean adherence was 86% and median adherence was 96%. The mean number of home spirometry measurements was 3.4 per subject per week. Conclusions: In subjects with IPF and preserved FVC, adherence to home spirometry over 52 weeks decreased over time but remained at a level suggesting that home spirometry might have a role in monitoring lung function in patients with IPF in clinical trials and clinical practice.


Processing of agricultural and livestock waste produces biogas which is then used by the community to substitute natural gas energy and substitute electricity for clean water supply and produce organic fertilizer for farming purposes. This research was conducted using descriptive methods, by describing how to treat agricultural and livestock waste. Then a quantitative approach is used which aims to describe or explain the conversion of biogas energy into electrical energy. Biogas has good prospects as an alternative energy substitute for non-renewable energy in Indonesia which is experiencing an energy crisis which is characterized by increasingly scarce and high fuel prices which have an impact on the higher costs of generating electricity. In the Ganjar Farmers-Farm Group, the use of biogas by using goat / sheep dung is very potential, from 300 goats / sheep has the potential to produce electrical energy of 32.4 kWh / day. Most of the power plants that supply the Pati Regency region still use energy sources made from non-renewable energy materials. The depletion of fuel for these non-renewable plants, power plants with renewable fuels are absolutely necessary.


Thermocryogenic buckling and stress analyses were conducted on a horizontally oriented cryogenic tank using the finite element method. The tank is a finite-length circular cylindrical shell with its two ends capped with hemispherical shells. The tank is subjected to cylindrical strip heating in the region above the liquid-cryogen fill level and to cryogenic cooling below the fill level (i.e., under thermocryogenic loading). The effects of cryogen fill level on the buckling temperature and thermocryogenic stress field were investigated in detail. Both the buckling temperature and stress magnitudes were relatively insensitive to the cryogen fill level. The buckling temperature, however, was quite sensitive to the radius-to-thickness ratio. A mechanical stress analysis of the tank also was conducted when the tank was under: (1) cryogen liquid pressure loading; (2) internal pressure loading; and (3) tank-wall inertia loading. Deformed shapes of the cryogenic tanks under different loading conditions were shown, and high-stress domains were mapped on the tank wall for the strain-gage installations. The accuracies of solutions from different finite element models were compared.


Drawing on the earlier article by Richard Sudworth and the interview with Cyprian Yobera, this issue's guest editor, Sarah Rowland Jones explores the callings to deepen our own faith and our understanding of the Christian gospel (particularly in changing and culturally complex circumstances) and to engage in dialogue and mission in a Christian manner. By introducing us to the work of Alasdair MacIntyre and the approach of tradition-based reasoning she shows how this provides resources for these two related Christian callings


Liquid crystalline, thermoptical and glass-forming properties of a series of novel supramolecular hydrogen bonded cholesteric mesogens have been described. These assemblies were built via intermolecular hydrogen bonding between cholesteric esters containing pyridine groups and cholesterol containing carboxylic acid moieties. All hydrogen-bonded complexes exhibit well defined cholesteric phases over a range of temperatures depending upon the number of carbon atoms present in their alkyl chains. The formation of pure LC materials on 1 ∶ 1 complexation could be confirmed from the phase diagrams of the binary mixtures and infrared absorption spectra. By rapid cooling of the hydrogen bonded assemblies from their cholesteric temperature to 0 °C glassy liquid crystalline films maintaining helical molecular order were obtained. Different reflection colors of the cholesteric phase were selectively and repeatedly fixed by changing the starting temperature of rapid cooling.


Aggressiveness of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. aurantifolii Type C strains in 'Mexican' Lime The purpose of this research was to provide the information about the aggressiveness of strains of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. aurantifolii – strains C (Xaa-C), producer (PP) or not of dark pigment (NP) in culture medium in comparison with X. axonopodis pv. citri – strains A (Xac). A total of 14 strains were inoculated by needle wounds in 'Mexican' Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) leaves, with bacterial cell suspension (10 7 CFU/mL): seven were Xaa-C PP, five were not producers and two were Xac strains. Ten replications of one plant each were used in each treatment. The plants were kept in greenhouse during the experiment. The strains differed on incubation period, lesion size and population growth. Xaa NP was more aggressive than PP. Symptoms induced by some strains varied in terms of water-soaked, chlorotic halos and necrosis. Additional keywords: citrus canker, pathogenicity, host-pathogen interaction.


It is still unclear what, if any, impact virtual reality will have on public education. The virtual reality gorilla system is being used as a testbed to study if and how virtual reality might be use ful as an aid in educating middle school children, and to investigate the issues that arise when building virtual reality systems for knowledge acquisition and concept formation.


A convenient synthesis of substituted benzothiazoles from 2-bromoanilides has been accomplished. The various 2-bromoanilides were reacted with an alkyl thiolate in high yields using a palladium catalyst. The resulting sulfides were easily converted to the corresponding benzothiazoles via the simultaneous generation of thiols and condensation under basic or acidic conditions.


This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing whether there is influence student behavior and emotional intelligence to stress in the face of national exam accounting subjects. The results showed that: behaviors of student learning and emotional intelligence gives significant influence on the national exams stress on accounting subjects. If the students' learning behavior and emotional intelligence lead to increased stress on the face national exam accounting subjects decreased, and vice versa. Keywords: Behavioral learning, emotional intelligence, stress exams


Abstract This article surveys a range of Anglican perspectives on the status of the human embryo. It begins by offering a scientific account of the embryo and describes what UK law currently permits in embryo research. It discusses relevant scriptural passages and identifies different views in Christian teaching on the early foetus from the first century onwards. Drawing on these sources, the article then offers four integrated approaches to the status of the embryo: the simultaneous uniqueness and mutuality of every embryo; the significance of so-called spare embryos; the possibility of an identity that develops over time; and the possibility of continuity of identity from fertilization. The article does not come to a conclusion about what is the right way to view and treat the embryo, but explores the reasoning behind different views. It suggests that scientific and medical developments should be celebrated and encouraged but also critically assessed in the light of Christian convictions about the dignity of human kind as created by God.