* Is it appropriate, even ethical, for ESL/EFL writing teachers to focus on important, comprehensive course themes like peace education, environmental concerns, conflict resolution, literature, or critical thinking in their writing classes? According to Tony Silva in his thoughtful, controversial article (Vol. 31, No. 2, Summer 1997), the answer should be "no." However, I believe it should be "yes." Silva argues that ESL writers need to be respected by their ESL writing teachers in four important ways. Students should be (a) understood as student writers, (b) provided suitable learning contexts, (c) provided appropriate instruction, and (d) evaluated fairly. At first glance, it would seem that disagreeing with any of his four points would probably be tantamount to arguing against the value of cold beer in August. Of course, I agree with much of what he writes. I respectfully disagree, however, with most of what he argues for under the rubric of his third point, that ESL writers should be provided with appropriate instruction. The issue here is how to interpret the term appropriate instruction. In my view, his interpretation is too narrow and biased to be helpful. According to Silva, ethical ESL writing teachers should avoid using class time as an opportunity to teach other subjects unrelated to writing. He calls writing courses with comprehensive themes like peace education "bait-and-switch scams" that may present students enrolled in an ESL writing course with "interesting and important yet inappropriate topics" (p. 361) that may control or become the curriculum. He directs his criticism at a wide variety of popular comprehensive themes for writing courses, such as peace education, conflict resolution, environmental concerns, literature, critical thinking, cultural studies, and so on. In his view, teachers should focus the content of their ESL writing courses "primarily if not exclusively" on teaching writing, particularly on what he calls "rhetorical, linguistic, conventional, and strategic issues" (p. 361). As for selecting specific topics about which to write, he asserts that students should have the freedom to choose their own, either individually or in groups: "It seems to me most reasonable and motivat-


In Taiwan, athletic sport became one the important insights of modern society after the Japanese Occupation Period and was systemically put into practice through the educational systems and athletic competitions held in schools and the society at that time. Under colonial rule, the major policy of Japanese government was to assimilate Taiwanese; therefore, Japan reformed the ideology and physical concept of the Taiwanese significantly to create the new Taiwanese who were obedient to Japan. Athletic sport was one of their measures to reform Taiwanese. However, if athletic sport is viewed as a kind of life style, it can be like what the scholar of sociology said, "Recreational sport is not only an issue of personal interest but also the boundary of social standards and its historical process of transformation." After fifty years of colonial rule, what sports activities on earth are the most popular ones in Taiwan? And how is the status of sports engagement of Japanese and Taiwanese? Due to the influences of economy, society, and education, at that time, most of the people capable of engaging in recreational sport were the leading class who were rich and had enough leisure time. Therefore, this study used "Record of Taiwan" as analytical samples and calculated the number of people (whether they were Japanese or Taiwanese) who were interested in sport. The study analyzed the number of people of each kind of sports activities and used five items, including age, educational background, Taiwanese who received domestic education and foreign education, regions of residence, and traditional Japanese and Modern Western sport, to conduct statistical analyses and comparisons to conclude the ranking list of sports interest of social leading class during the Japanese Occupation Period. Lastly, the study used the records of newspapers, magazines, diaries, and memoirs to investigate the status of sports engagement of people at that time in order to obtain a deeper understanding of recreational sport of social leading class during the Japanese Occupation Period.


INTRODUCTION Often the ability to obtain chemical-shift information is needed and advantageous in MRI. In addition to providing chemical information, the acquired spectral dimension can also be used to reduce image blur resulting from frequency shifts of all types. This work describes a new 3D and 4D spectroscopic technique involving an intrinsic frequency dimension. The method is based on an old idea to reveal both the spatial distributions and intrinsic frequency spectra of NMR signals from a set of projections obtained in the presence of fixed spatial gradients of varied strength and orientation [1]. Instead of collecting the FID after applying a hard RF pulse, as done in the original method, the new technique uses SWIFT (SWeep Imaging with Fourier Transform) [2], which is less demanding of RF field amplitude, and therefore, is more applicable to human study [3]. Due to the absence of an "echo time" in the SWIFT sequence, the presented method can be applied for spectroscopy of objects having transverse relaxation times, T2, in microsecond time scale. Consequently the main application of this method is expected to be in ultrashort T2 mapping, which is in the focus of this work. Other applications such as fat-water separation and imaging near metallic implants will be illustrated and discussed. THE DESCRIPTION OF THE METHOD In the presence of a field gradient of strength G the angle, θ, between the direction of a projection and the frequency axis in the "pseudo space" is given by ( ) atan / GD θ γ ≈ Ω


The Nineties can be taken as a transitional period between a pio~ neering type of medicine and what may be considered as the forerunner of the modern era. It was at this time that a rising wave of medical progress became apparent inside the schools and out. Laboratories of physiology, pathology and bacteriology were being established, and part-time clinicians in the basic sciences were being replaced by full-time teachers with special training andinvestiga-tive interests in their chosen fields. Hospitals were taking on increasing importance as working laboratories for clinical instruction and research. These several factors naturally were conducive to efforts being directed concertedly toward the pursuit of systematic research. All such progressive activities brought to the minds of medical educators the necessity of adapting their colleges to the rapidly changing advances, and of aligning them with the widening vision of things still needed. Only by so doing could they make the medical colleges worthy members of the University family. Dr. James B. Herrick, in Memories of Eighty Years, concluded that those whose medical birth occurred about 1885 were fortunate above others because the next few decades were so packed with epoch-making events. These he enumerated as follows: "develop-ment of bacteriology; discovery of X rays; invention of instruments of precision; birth of allergy; growing importance of biological chemistry and physiology; more scientific views of public health; clearer recognition of the interrelation between medicine and its cognate sciences, like physics and zoology; new standards for medical schools and hospitals; evolution of specialism and group practice; endowments of institutes for research; rapid growth in size and power of the American Medical Association." Those who graduated in the third decade of the twentieth century might make a counter-claim for the privilege granted them of standing at the threshold of a door that opened. onto miracles hitherto unvisioned, but there is no denying the revolutionary aspect of the period that Dr. Herrick favored.


Production of TNF‐α and IL‐1 by adherent peritoneal exudate macrophages (APEM) was monitored for 20 weeks in Schistosoma mansoni infected mice in comparison to their schistosomulicidal activity. LPS‐triggered IL‐1 and TNF‐α production by APEM peaked 10 weeks post infection (p.i.) and declined thereafter. The schistosomulicidal activity of APEM also peaked after 10 weeks but remained elevated thereafter. Infected mice were also treated with the immunostimulator liposomal muramyl tripeptide‐phosphatidyl ethanolamine (MTP‐PE) 6 or 10 weeks p.i., and their APEM were tested 4 weeks later. APEM from such treated animals showed elevated IL‐1 and TNF‐α production when treatment commenced 6 weeks p.i., while their schistosomulicidal activity increased when treatment commenced either 6 or 10 weeks p.i. The L‐arginine inhibitor, NG monomethyl arginine, markedly inhibited the schistosomulicidal activity but not the IL‐1 and TNF‐α production of APEM. Our results show that monokine production increases during the acute phase of infection and declines during its chronic phase, while macrophage schistosomulicidal activity remains constant throughout. Furthermore, TNF‐α or IL‐1 may play a minor role in APEM mediated killing of schistosomula.


Background The maxilla occupies a prominent and crucial position in the facial structure. Maxillectomy is an ablative surgical resection of the maxilla with attendant serious cosmetic deficit. There is paucity of data on the indications and pattern of maxillectomy in our centre. This study would help in better management of patients requiring this treatment. Aim The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of presentation of patients for maxillectomy at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria. Patients and methods This study was a retrospective review of theatre records of the hospital between January 2007 and March 2017. Patients data were collected for sociodemographics (age and sex), indication(s), clinical presentations, diagnosis/histologic subtypes, and type of maxillectomy performed. Result During the 11-year study period, a total of 44 patients underwent maxillectomy, aged 4–77 years (mean±SD=37.6±19.6 years) with a modal age of 31–40 years [11 (25.0%)]. There were 26 (59.1%) male and 18 (40.9%) female patients (male : female=1.8 : 1). Overall, benign lesions accounted for 12 (27.3%) cases and malignant lesions for 32 (72.7%) cases. There was statistical difference between the ages of benign (mean±SD=24.9±16.2 years) and malignant lesions (mean±SD=42.3±18.8 years) (t=−2.83, d.f.=42, P=0.0071). Benign lesions [11 (25.0%)] were commonly detected in those aged 40 years and younger, whereas malignancies [16 (36.4%)] were equally distributed across both divide. Total maxillectomy [34 (77.3%)] was the major surgical resection carried out, followed by subtotal maxillectomy [6 (13.6%)]. Conclusion There is urgent need to focus on the prevention of orofacial malignancy to avoid surgery and complex rehabilitative expenses.


Application of textile waste for development of value added green composites has been carried out in this work. Textile fabric waste is collected from various sources. These waste materials are garneted, so as to produce loose fibrous material, subsequently this fibrous material was converted into twisted strand for manufacturing of 3D woven preforms for production of composites. Twisted strands are converted into orthogonal 3D woven structure. The fibers extracted from waste material are combined with polypropylene in 60/40 proportion. Composites of various specifications are developed to examine their end-use applications. These composite materials are characterized for their mechanical behavior to find out the response against tensile loading, flexural stress, and impact force. The effects of moisture absorption on mechanical properties of composites are investigated. 3D woven fabric reinforced composites produced by using waste fiber yarn and normal cotton OE yarn do not exhibit any significant difference in the mechanical behavior of composite. This result confirmed that waste material can be safely used as reinforcing structure in green composite manufacturing.


Recently, the field of mental health has incorporated a growing interest in strengths, resilience, and growth, psychological phenomena that may be associated with healthy adjustment trajectories and profitably integrated into strategies for clinical assessment and practice. This movement constitutes a significant shift from traditional deficit-oriented approaches. Addressing clinical practitioners, this article (a) provides a broad overview of these constructs and phenomena, (b) discusses their relevance for clinical assessment and intervention, and (c) describes selected strategies and approaches for conducting assessments that can guide intervention.


The paper describes interactive learning system (ILS) for intuition judgement and data abalysis. The selection of Interactive Learning Models is performed under both intuition and data analysis learning. and poses a skeleton of intuitive reasoning. Through the relationship construction of practical intuitive model and on-the-spot model, it sets up a couple of interactive learning models and intuitive information acquisition. The study shows that the premise of automatic reasoning is to set up patterns of intuitive sub-optimum relationship. The paper views that the reliability of the automatic reasoning depends on the man-computer interaction results. Simultaneously, choosing the case-cracking clue should be determined by comprehensive evaluations and self-learning of intuition or sub-optimum judgments are essentially needed. A simple example on how to create and apply the model is give. The presented model can be applied conveniently by selecting suitable ILS in accordance with the give intuitive judge and computing the best decision from the rules in those ILS.


Abstract : The U.S. Army Infantry School, Office of the G-3, asked the Army Research Institute to evaluate the course content of 51 programs of instruction (n=2,065 lessons) for potential transition to a distributed learning instructional format. Using a mixed-method coding and analysis approach, the sample of POIs were categorized, coded, statistically analyzed, and a decision-process was developed to classify lessons into fully transitionable, partially transitionable or not transitionable groups. The thematic structure of course content types and the decision process may be adapted by related Army organizations seeking to evaluate their curricula for lessons that could be transitioned to a distributed learning format. Statistical analyses of the sample are provided as well as detailed appendices concerning the classification of the specific lessons in the sample.


We systematically studied the two-body loss in a two-component Fermi gas of $^6$Li atoms near a p-wave Feshbach resonance. The two-body loss rate constants were measured for various temperatures and magnetic fields using atoms trapped in three-dimensional and quasi-two-dimensional traps. Our results were nicely reproduced by a theoretical model that incorporates the two-body loss as an imaginary part to the inverse of the scattering volume in the scattering amplitude expression. The observed loss suppression in quasi-two-dimensional traps may provide a promising strategy to realize a p-wave superfluid in a system of ultracold atoms.


In the techno-connected business world, communication is utilized to preserve a thing or organizations. Exchange communication is characterized as an arrangement of transmitting information and considerations between distinctive parts of an organization conjointly to the people of an outside organization. For any successful organization, communication plays a vital role. Inevitably, business communication in English improves the success rates of any business, and both internal and external communication in English of the organization enhances the profitability. This aim of the paper is to portray the importance of business communication in English, and it is considered to be the soul of success in business.


Small molecule cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors represent one of the most effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, only three of these drugs have entered the market. Understanding of the structures of successful ChE inhibitors is still very limited; therefore, it is an urgent task to identify new scaffolds for the design of ChE inhibitors. In the present study, we report an effective computer-aided workflow using a hierarchical structure-based virtual screening to identify new ChE inhibitors. 3D shape-based similarity screening combined with structure-based pharmacophore models was applied to obtain efficiently narrow potential hits from large compound collections, such as Chemdiv. Molecular docking was then used to further restrict the screening results. Five new ChE inhibitors, namely C629-0196, G070-1566, G115-0283, G801-0274, and F048-0694, were identified from the biological validation of 24 potential hits from the virtual screening. These compounds provide interesting templates for the design of new ChE inhibitors. Among the compounds, G801-0274 exhibited the lowest nanomolar range IC50 (0.031 ± 0.006 μM) and the highest selectivity (ratio = 66.13) against BuChE. Another compound, C629-0196, showed a low micromolar range IC50 (1.28 ± 0.83 μM) against AChE; however, it had no activity against BuChE. Most importantly, these two compounds provide good starting points for the discovery of highly selective ChE inhibitors.


In this paper, we propose a combinatorial-based file sharing scheme for secure and efficient file management in personal area networks (PAN) on wearable devices. Existing schemes do not account for efficiency problems owing to the addition and removal of devices; specifically, when devices are added or removed, the distributively stored file shares should be newly generated. Thus, we propose a file share reconstruction scheme to reduce energy consumption when devices join and leave a PAN. In this scheme, the file shares stored in the devices of the PAN are reformed with minimum operation costs.


From the perspective of human nature hypothesis,this paper tends to analyze and evaluate the assumption about human nature of civil servants.It is concluded that the civil servants should play a role of a public in the exercise of public power.It suggests the internal incentive means and measures should be used to encourage civil servants behavior.By the means of the internal incentive can improve the professional quality and self role of civil servants based on the peak experience theory.The spirit inculcation,common vision,serious thinking,shaping culture precipitation,generating insight and consistent self inspection can make civil servants reach to the peak experience moment,thereby,encourage them from this theory.


Based on the theoretical mechanism that government procurement drives technology innovation,an empirical test with the panel data from 1993 to 2005 of 9 European Union countries is made.It proves that the public government procurement can drive technology innovation effectively,at the same time,RD funds and personnel inputs also have positive influences.For the lack of competition and crowding-out effect from RD funds, the total government procurement presents negative correlation with the patent data.In order to improve corporate innovation ability,authorities should intensify technology procurement and take supporting measures to enhance the efficiency of technology procurement.


Experiments are conducted to compare sorption capacity of two bisorbents namely KL and BM prepared from wood rotting dead macro fungus, Fomitopsis carnea and Fomes fomentarius respectively, for the sorption of 10 cationic dyes. Results indicate that biosorbent KL has high sorption potential than BM for all dyes. To understand difference in dye sorption potential, FT-IR of the biosorbents are conducted. The FT-IR reveals that presence of the acetamide groups of chitin molecule in KL is responsible for high sorption capacity.


Background The frequency of avian influenza A virus infections among poultry workers is not well understood. Methods A seroprevalence study of market poultry workers and persons without occupational poultry exposure was conducted during 2001 in Hanoi, Vietnam. Sera were tested for avian influenza H5 and H9 antibodies by microneutralization and Western blot assays. Results Seroprevalence of H5 and H9 antibodies was 4% and 3% in poultry workers and 1% and 3.5% in non-poultry workers, respectively. Conclusions Seroprevalence of H5 and H9 antibodies was low among Hanoi market poultry workers in 2001, but can serve as a baseline for additional studies.


A wide-angle x-ray method has been developed by which quantitative structural information can be obtained on nylon-6 yarns. To this end, experimental equatorial diffractometer scans measured in transmission were fitted to a mathematical model describing the profiles as the envelopes of three bell-shaped functions. Four different models were investigated using, respectively, Gauss, Lorentz (Cauchy), Logistic, and Pearson-VII functions. The last model, which can be regarded as a generalized Lorentz function, gave the best fit. On the basis of a statistical analysis of the results of well-separated x-ray peaks, two parameters could be fixed. Another reduction of the number of parameters was achieved by interrelating the peak areas of the two outer reflections. These reductions widened the applicability of a computer program based on the aforementioned model to highly overlapping x-ray peaks. So the whole variety of x-ray scans, which can be obtained from nylon-6 yarns made under widely varying process conditions, can be well described. The fitting procedures provide unique solutions and hence objectively determined parameters.


The notion of e-planning in urban contexts is, in important ways, linked to facilitating and disciplining the movement of people, their mobility within urban space. The Strategic Research Agenda of The European Research Forum for Urban Mobility (EURFORUM) identifies four main components of a proposed 'urban mobility system': 1. users' needs and behaviours; 2. the urban structure; 3. integrated mobility services (usually based on Information Communication Technologies ICTs); and integrated transport systems. The first two relate to transport demand, the second two to transport supply. The agenda therefore prioritizes 'users and user-related organisations' in the development of effective and sustainable transport policy and practice. E-planning is increasingly geared towards understanding the ABSTRACT


The HYACINCT trial will investigate the role of dose-adapted hypofractionated pelvic radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer who are ineligible for cisplatin. This dummy run evaluated the feasibility of the protocol treatment planning objectives using intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric arc therapy (VMAT).

The HYACINCT protocol defines a set of guidelines for image acquisition, target and organ delineation, and treatment planning objectives. Fifteen dummy cases were prepared, five each for three levels of dose requirements: 40 Gy without boost, and with boost to 45 Gy and to 48 Gy. IMRT and VMAT plans were prepared for each case, evaluated and assigned penalty and compliance scores according to planning objectives, and subjected to quality control. IMRT and VMAT plans were compared in terms of treatment plan quality (target coverage, penalty, and compliance scores), and treatment delivery. Tumor extent (T-stage, T-score), nodal status, and PTV volumes (in cc) were examined as potential determinants of penalty and compliance scores.

IMRT was able to meet the planning objectives for all but one case; and VMAT, for all cases. All plans passed the quality control check. IMRT and VMAT were equivalent in terms of target coverage and penalty and compliance scores, but the latter was associated with better treatment delivery. T-score was a determinant for the penalty score.

The HYACINCT radiotherapy protocol is feasible with either IMRT or VMAT. VMAT may be beneficial in more extensive cases, as measured by the T-score.

NCT05210270


Previous studies comparing prospective memory between the elderly and young adults have shown that elderly adults perform better in naturalistic settings, while young adults perform better in laboratory settings. The purpose of this study was to examine what factors influence prospective memory in naturalistic settings, and we specifically focused on age, the complexity of the prospective memory task, self-evaluation and knowledge of memory function, retrospective memory, external memory aids, and internal memory strategies as potential influential factors. Eighty-six healthy, elderly participants were enrolled (44 women and 42 men, mean age = 68.56 years, SD = 4.53). The results showed that the use of external memory aids increased in complex prospective memory tasks that depended on output monitoring, while other factors did not influence prospective memory performance. These results suggest that elderly adults can perform tasks adequately by using external memory aids that compensate for age-related memory declines in naturalistic settings.


Summary Experiments were designed to re‐examine the variables which influence the ability of single primary infections to elicit acquired immunity to Nematospiroides dubius, in particular the importance of the presence or absence of adult worms, as these are known to exert immunomodulatory effects. Briefly, anthelmintic abbreviated infections were considerably more effective at eliciting acquired immunity than longer infections in which adult worms were allowed to reside in the intestine. A 9‐day anthelmintic abbreviated infection was extremely effective at stimulation of acquired immunity in NIH mice and very few immunising infection larvae were required. Immunity to subsequent reinfection developed rapidly after the primary infection worms had been eliminated; by day 21 post‐infection, the mice were almost totally immune. Abbreviated infections were used to examine the capacity of a number of mouse strains to develop immunity to reinfection. Strains of mice were chosen to allow the effects of MHC linked and non‐MHC linked (background) genes to be identified. CBA and C3H strains (both H‐2k) were found to be weak responders to N. dubius. B10G (H‐2q) mice responded better than C57B1/10 (H‐2b), although these strains have identical background genes. DBA/2 mice were stronger responders compared to BALB/c mice, both strains sharing a common MHC haplotype (H‐2d). (NIH × B10G) F1 mice (H‐2q) were better responders than either of the parental strains. Several mouse strains all sharing the H‐2q haplotype were particularly effective at developing immunity to N. dubius, as were also SJL mice which were the sole representatives of the H‐2s haplotype, in the present study. The results established that the response phenotype is influenced by both background and MHC genes and demonstrated gene complementation in the capacity of mice to acquire immunity to N. dubius.


According to the hydraulic transmission principle, a device for fabricating large cone angle near-field optical fiber probe by means of dynamic chemical etching is developed. The results indicated that in the course of traditional fabrication of optical fiber probes by chemical etching, the configuration and the cone angle of the taper can be controlled efficiently through controlling the velocity of the lifting of etching fluid. Furthermore, The advantage of controlling the displacement between optical fiber probe and etching fluid step by step in the fabrication of large cone angle optical fiber probe is also described in this paper. A large cone angle near-field optical fiber probe in scanning near-field optical microscopy is applied to measuring the sphere with a diameter 200nm. Its force images show that this probe has high topography resolution (~50nm).


The first 305-2x-ME lactation record (after 45 days in milk) projected by the DHI program in 28 cows was not different from their first projected lactation record in a previous lactation in which recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) injections were begun by the 90th day of lactation. These results suggest when rbSTtreated cows are fed and managed properly during lactation and the dry period, no negative effect of rbST or so-called "burn out" occurs.; Dairy Day, 1995, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 1995;


Maintenance and servicing to the EMU, in order to guarantee the operation safety, often need to stop high voltage power supply, using the ground power supply. As a result, need to provide a safe, stable and reliable ground auxiliary power supply for the EMU, ensure the normal maintenance, servicing and operation of various types of EMU. To this end, this paper based on the deployment of the ministry of railways and the requirements for configuration of ground power supply to the EMU, Analyze requirements of the auxiliary power supply system to the CRH2 EMU, on this basis, design the auxiliary power supply and its control system.


Devices producing different colored smokes have been widely used by military and civilians for signaling, screening, and display. Attention has not yet been placed on the analysis of the combustion products from these devices which may be hazardous. Combustion products from these colored smokes containing organic dyes produced at the normal function temperature (approximately 400°C–600°C) of the compositions have been studied in our laboratory. The five dyes contained in the smoke compositions studied are: benzanthrone, dibenzo(a,h)pyrene-7,14-dione, 1,4-di-p-toluidino-anthraquinone, 1-methylamino-anthraquinone, and α-xylene-azo-β-naphthol. A modified EPA-Method 5 sampling train containing Amberlite XAD-2 as the absorbant was used to sample the organic vapors and particulates in the effluent. analytical methods used to separate, purify, and identify the products include TLC, HPLC, GC, GC-MS, and NMR.

Minimum destruction of the organic dyes is desired for a good smoke. Our preliminary investigations indicate that 90%–95% of the organic dye sublimes while the other 5%–10% is lost to combustion. The combustion products observed, to date, have been identified as polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's) and polynuclear organic materials (POM's) which are the result of thermal decomposition and thermal rearrangement of the parent dyes. At the temperature of functioning, no ring opening of the dyes has been observed.


To the Editor: —I have the honor to report something more than the fact of a pleasurable time— and the meeting with many eminent men. What I saw and heard by no means embraced the whole scope of the Congress. No one person could take this in, and as its full relation would overcrowd the columns ofThe Journal, only a few items will be referred to. 1. The Management. —The Congress was well managed, if a great good-natured medical assemblage can be well managed anywhere. Everywhere was present the evidence that almost everything of advantage to its members had been anticipated with that thoroughness of detail which characterizes German methods. It was a fine idea that of holding the sessions in Exhibition Park, a large enclosed area of many acres, amply furnished with space outside and inside. The arches of an elevated railroad that ran through it were utilized


The Bofang copper deposit was once a sedimentary sandstone-type copper mine,and then part of it became a leaching-and-recycling-type copper mine due to tectonism and the role of underground thermal brine.Reworking-type ore body mainly lies in the concave unconformity or in the edge of structural fracture zone of Hutian group.This paper mainly discusses the relationship between karst and mineralization on the basis of analyzing ore genesis.


Editor—Rao and Sant Cassia discussed the ethics of undisclosed payments to doctors recruiting patients in clinical trials.1 For many years now the greater Glasgow community and primary care local research ethics committee has insisted that reference to doctors' payment is included in the patient information sheet that goes to all potential participants. I object to the payment being hidden behind such phrases as "your doctor's research fund will be paid," which a number of medical research ethics committees allow, and I note that the phrase "for the additional work involved" often appears.

Although the NHS and NHS Scotland are the remit of two different parliaments, cross border acceptance of approval by medical research ethics committees exists. Patients are also likely to see the NHS as a whole and the ethical principles of doctors and other healthcare professionals as not having regional variations. In the interests of equality (as well as informed consent) British guidelines need to be developed on this and other minimum requirements of information to be given to patients. This could include the amount of payment. My quick, non-random survey of my non-medical family and friends shows that the size of the payment and the potential overall income are underestimated.

Other types of personal gain exist for researchers that I also believe potential participants should know about—when the work forms part of the requirements for a degree. Some people who already have a professional qualification and who are using "their" patients in research do not always believe that it is necessary to inform patients that they are registered for a degree for which this research is necessary. Such research may not always reach publication and may be designed as a learning experience rather than a complete piece of research. If patients are to be expected to take part in research for altruistic reasons they have a right to know what reasons motivate the people carrying out the research.


The feasibility of whether an attempt should be made to align health care standards and accreditation processes at an international level and how this could be managed, was addressed by a subcommittee of the ISQua Executive Board. This subcommittee was established in March 1997 when it was confirmed that ISQua wished to lead efforts in establishing an international accreditation council. The subcommittee then:


: Objective : Instruments for auditory assessment or sound analysis were conventionally used to evaluate abnormal speech sounds. However, since the representations by these subjective or objective methods are ambiguous and difficult to understand, they are not practical for feedback to patients in speech therapy. The purpose of this study was to analyze the articulation patterns of patients with mandibular prognathism using our speech visualization system and to evaluate the usefulness of this system. Subjects and Methods : The study group comprised 7 patients with mandibular prognathism who had undergone orthognathic surgery with glossectomy in our department (patient group) and 21 subjects with normal occlusion (normal group). All subjects pronounced 100 syllables containing the five Japanese vowel sounds and 50 words for assessment of articulation in a soundproof chamber, and the speech signals were converted into WAV-formatted digital data. In the speech intelligibility test, the 100-syllable recordings of the patient group were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively by 5 listeners with normal hearing. Furthermore, the articulation pattern of the 50-word speech data was analyzed using our speech visualization system. In this system, the first, second, and third formant frequencies were converted into three primary colors, and the phoneme features of vowel sounds were represented as unique colors. At the same time, we designed a horizontal-vertical (hv) articulation diagram to represent the speaker's articulatory status, and compared the the differences between the two groups. Results : In the speech intelligibility test, speech intelligibility scores of the patients improved in postoperative recordings. In the hv articulation diagram, the distribution pattern of vowel sounds of the patients approached that of the control subjects postoperatively since some of the vowel sounds of the patients distributed outside of the normal range in preoperative recordings fell in the normal range in postoperative recordings. In the vowel balance chart, the pattern of the patients in postoperative recordings improved and was nearly similar to that of the control subjects. Conclusion : Speech visualization systems can be a useful tool for articulation pattern analysis in patients with mandibular prognathism.


Dominant discourses on breastfeeding as the optimal feeding method for infants and a way for mother and child to develop a strong bond are widely promoted and the message of 'breast is best' has been internalized by mothers around the world. Breastfeeding rates in Iceland and the other Nordic countries are among the highest in the world and the cultural and societal expectations for women to successfully breastfeed are therefore very high, as breastfeeding represents a strong moral and social norm. Iceland is considered a model for gender equality and feminism and this article thus examines the experiences of women who have struggled with breastfeeding, in a context which strongly promotes both breastfeeding and gender equality. By analysing the narratives of 77 Icelandic women, this article extends theorizing about rhetorical agency and resistance by demonstrating how they oppose and challenge dominant discourses on breastfeeding and good mothering and what counter-discourses they draw upon in order to make sense of their experiences. The findings indicate that feminism and feminist rhetoric have been unsuccessful in addressing and providing women with counter-discourses that challenge the highly gendered and oppressive elements of infant feeding and its link to idealized versions of motherhood.


The exploitation of Bouteldja dune groundwater aquifer has resulted in a decrease of water table and intrusion of seawater that was felt essentially in seashore areas (eg area of Salines). Artificial recharge is the main mean to support and recover the water table in an area where drilling is concentrated, as it is in the area of Borj Ali Bey, in a period of high demand. The idea is to fill with water the Black Lake (Garaat Ez Zerga) in summer, when it is dry, and Garaat Bordj Ali Bey, during dry periods from the treated water of the Mexa dam. The Garaat Bordj Ali Bey zone was filled in the past. A flow model was established to evaluate quantitatively the response of the recharge of the aquifer in the region of Bordj Ali Bey. The results show a significant improvement in the flow situation of the aquifer and a compensation of the discharges by water recharge. It is important to know that the feasibility of such project needs to preserve the quality of the groundwater which is considered excellent. For this purpose a hydro- dispersive model was established from survey data to evaluate the hydrochemical quality and to visualize the evolution and extension of the concentration of the recharged water through the aquifer and its impact on the exploitation of the aquifer.


In 2013 a joint report by the Inspectorates of Probation and Prisons in England and Wales concluded that offender management in prisons was 'not working' and called for a fundamental review. This article considers why existing arrangements have failed and draws upon theory and research on resettlement, case management and desistance from crime, to define what a more effective system of 'rehabilitative resettlement' – both inside prison and 'through the gate' – might look like. It also comments on emerging proposals for radical change, including abandonment of the 'end to end' model of offender management by an outside probation officer and the development of 'rehabilitative prisons', in which more responsibility is placed on prisoners for managing their own rehabilitation, and a formal motivational role is created for large numbers of prison staff.


Failure rate prediction provides a quantitative basis for decision-making regarding the adequacy of a design from the early phases in the life cycle. In real-life operation and maintenance, the operating and environmental conditions may change compared to what was assumed by the producer in the design and development phases. Changes in these conditions and unexpected disruptions may make the current predicted failure rate inaccurate and updating is required as a response to such disruptions and changes. This paper discusses the need for failure rate prediction in the various phases of a product's life cycle and proposes a framework for updating the failure rate prediction to obtain a more realistic prediction. The failure rate updating is based on the data acquired during the period since the previous updating and changes of the status of a set of reliability influencing factors.


The Integrated Coastal Management – ICM is the most recognized approach for managing coastal areas worldwide. In this context, the Gulf of Cupica (Colombian Pacific coast) was zoning through research here explained. The methodology was based on four methods: 1. Photos located with a GPS (geophotos); 2. Rapid assessment of the study area; 3.Identification and assessment of interactions between coastal uses and activities; and 4.Creation of a map that integrate all information of the coastal territory. As a result, the types of coastline, the systemic features and interactions between the 27 uses and activities found in the Gulf of Cupicais defined andintegrated into a single map. Consequently, the usefulness of information technology and communication tools was proven for coastal management and rapid assessment techniques. Moreover, the coastal interactions'matrix stands out as a powerful tool to characterize, diagnose and propose management measures in a context of ICM.


The strains Bacillus sp. BZR 277 and Bacillus sp. 86 showed remarkable nematicidal activity. Galling index of Bacillus sp. BZR277 was 1,6. In variant with inoculation of Bacillus sp. 86 galls were not present. At the same time in control variant the galling index was 2,8. Biological efficacy for Bacillus sp. BZR 277 and Bacillus sp. BZR 86 were 42,8 % and 100 % respectively. In the presence of the bacterial strains the growth of plants was decreased consequently the economic efficiency was lower than in control for 50 %.


Objective To investigate the effect of the estrogen on IL-6, IL-6R and gp130 gene expression in bone marrow cells and bone marrow original osteoclast formation in ovariectomized rats. Methods Seventy-two healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham-operated control group(N), ovariectomized group(OVX)and estrogen treatment group (E). The femur bone marrow cells were collected and cultured at the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 12th week after treatment respectively. The number of osteoclasts were determined, and mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-6R, gp130 was measured by RT-PCR. The bone histomorphometry was performed at the 12~th week. Results Two weeks after surgery, the number of the osteoclasts and mRNA expression of IL-6 and IL-6R in the OVX group were significantly higher than those of the N group (P0.05-0.01). During the 4th to the 6th week, the number of the osteoclast and gene expression reached the peak respectively. In E group, the osteoclast formation and gene expression were significantly inhibited compared with those in OVX group, but higher than those in N group. At the 12~th week, the gene expression and the number of osteoclasts in OVX group went down from the peak value, but still significantly higher than those in N group. All parameters of E group showed inhibited. Bone histomorphometry showed increased bone resorption and osteoporosis, and estrogen inhibited these parameters. Conclusions The results suggest that the increased formation of bone marrow derived osteoclasts play an important role in bone resorption of ovariectomized rats. This effect is related with higher expression of IL-6 and IL-6R gene expression. Estrogen can partly inhibit the bone marrow derived osteoclast formation and this effect is tightly correlated with the inhibition of IL-6 and IL-6R gene expression in rat bone marrow.


X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets(이하 XLH로 기술)는 구루병의 일종으로 임상적으로는 비타민 D의 대량 투여로도 개선되지 않고 성염색체 우성 유전되는 유전성 질환이다. 저인산혈증성 구루병, 비타민 D저항성 구루병이라고도 불린다. 본 증례는 서울대학교병원 소아과에서 XLH로 진단받은 6세 6개월의 여아로, 상악 좌측 중절치의 매복을 주소로 소아치과에 의뢰된 환자이다. 환아는 XLH환자에서 전형적으로 보이는 보행 장애, 다리의 휨현상 작은 키, 손목, 무릎, 발목 관절의 종창 등이 관찰되었다. 또 치과적 특징으로 임상적으로 건전한 치아에서 자발적인 치근단 농양과 농루가 발생하였고 치아의 맹출 지연, 우상치 (taurodontism), 근단공의 폐쇄 지연, 확대된 치수강 등을 나타내었기에 이전 문헌 고찰을 통하여 XLH 환아의 특징을 살펴보고 본 환자의 의과적, 치과적 특성 및 매복된 치아의 치료에 대하여 보고하는 바이다. 【XLH (X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets) is a form of rickets which is resistant to the usual dose of vitamin D and inherited in a X-linked dominant manner. It is also known as vitamin D-resistant rickets or familial hypophosphatemic rickets. Here we report a 6-year-and-6-month-old female patient of XLH who is diagnosed with in SNUB. She was referred from local clinic for impaction of maxillary left permanent incisor and its treatment. She presents bowing deformities of the legs, short stature, enlargement of wrist and ankles and spontaneous dental abscesses of clinically sound teeth delayed eruption, taurodontism, delayed apical closure, enlarged pulp chambers, and absent or poorly defined lamina dura. The purpose of this case is to review the literatures of XLH and report the dental and medical characteristics of this patient.】


The utility model relates to a temperature -adjusting clothes, especially a full -automatic semiconductor temperature -adjusting clothes. Including semiconductor refrigeration piece, water -cooling head, radiator, centrifugal radiator fan, circulating water pump, circulating pipe, support, battery, singlechip, clothes base member, display controller, heat transfer system protective housing, the semiconductor refrigeration film jacket is adorned between water -cooling head and radiator, centrifugal radiator fan through mounting screw on the radiator, circulating water pump is overhead in the water -cooling through mounting screw, circulating pipe one end is connected with the water -cooling head, and the other end is connected with circulating water pump, and its U -shaped alternates on the clothes base member, water -cooling head through mounting screw on the support, the battery through mounting screw on the support, the singlechip through mounting screw on the support, the support mounting is in the heat transfer system protective housing. The beneficial effect of the utility model: the structure is tightly short, easy operation, and convenient to use, but the qxcomm technology adjusts the temperature process safe and reliable.


The article describes the design, features of hydrodynamics of the apparatus with the centrifugal
fluidized bed and compares with industrial absorber.


Significant changes have occurred in the protection of generators in the past ten years as discussed in IEEE guide C-37.102. This paper discusses these changes as well as the risks of not addressing them. It specifically addresses the risks in two functional areas where 20+-year-old generator protection is inadequate. These areas include: sensitive stator ground fault protection using schemes to provide 100% winding ground detection, field ground fault protection, and inadvertent (accidental) generator off-line energizing protection. Most of these upgrade schemes were made possible through the use of digital protection


London, the capital of Britain, used to be the ideal material for writers. It turns out to be beautiful in the famous poet William Wordsworth's poem whereas ugly in the poem of William Blake. The different images of London results from two poets'different points of view , different epics they were in and different writing techniques.


Let U and V be two Bertrand numeration systems, and, a and b the two Parry numbers there are naturally associated with. Suppose they are multiplicatively independent. We prove that, if E is a subset of positive integers which is both U and V recognizable, then E is a finite union of arithmetical progressions.


Donna Foley's solo exhibition explores the interconnections between visual and verbal forms of expression over time. Foley uses drawings and digital images to present a multi-media narrative linking literacy and violence. From ancient civilisations to the present, text and artwork have been used to depict the mythological her's ability to raise armies ascribed to his command. Foley's main space exhibition incorporates large scale linear drawings with sound, text and projected images that track the historical relationship between violence, art and the written word.


In this paper, the quality assurance measures for wharf breast wall construction are discussed, and the prevention and remediation measures for the breast wall surface defects are also proposed.


the feasibilities of using wind energy in the Kuwait have analyzed and investigated. The wind speed level and resources in Kuwait was investigated experimentally. The aerodynamic of the rotor of wind turbine is investigated experimentally. Aerodynamic of wind turbines is studied theoretical using Flo software based on the theoretical models. All components of wind turbine are selected and manufactured in Kuwait. The required materials for assembling rotor and main shaft were performed. The material of the turbine is investigated for stage of building and assembling.


Constructing harmonious Jincheng City is the unremittingly pursued construction target in recent years.But there are few of people study what relation that exists between constructing harmonious Jincheng City and soil-water conservancy.Proceeding from the present situation of Jincheng's soil-water conservancy,the paper analyzes the damage of soil-water conservancy on construcing harmonious Jincheng,comfirms certain achievements that have been abtained on Jincheng's soil-water conservancy job,discusses the effect to promote harmonious Jincheng construction due to strengthening soil-water conservancy ecology construction,thereby indicates the dialectical relationship between the construction harmonious Jincheng and soil-water conservancy construction.


This paper presents the main objectives of a multidisciplinary research project conducted by researchers of Brazilian, American and European Universities. The basic question of the project concerns the role played by prosody in language acquisition and change. We report on the advances that have been achieved with the adoption of a theoretical framework based on Statistical Physics for the definition of the linguistically intuitive notion of preferential prosodic patterns.


Illustrations Preface Acknowledgements 1 Survival and Revival 2 Gothic Thoughts 3 Romantic Visions 4 From Aachen to Maastricht 5 The Celtic Bandwagon 6 King Arthur 7 Medieval Inspirations 8 Camelot Goes Celluloid 9 Selling the Middle Ages 10 Which Middle Ages? Notes Bibliography Index.


With the fast development of GIS technology and improvement of the GIS application technology,higher requirements have been put forward to the spatial database connectivity and accessibility.This study first proposes a comparative analysis on cross-sectoral large-scale shared connection to spatial database,thus to point out the hard-to-achieve synchronization updating during different data types conversion.Direct data access model cannot be fully compliance with the data type updating.The spatial extension model of the relational database is dissatisfactory in performances as well as professional spatial analysis.The support of Web Service model is insufficient for non-standard spatial data types;the protocols provided by software providers are of great specificity and difficulty to be extended by third parties.Then in this article,the interfaces of heterogeneous databases connectivity are analyzed deeply.Currently there are two categories of interfaces which are the relational database access interfaces and spatial database standard interfaces.Based on the analysis,the article proposes the 'Opening Geospatial Database Connectivity(OGDC)' interfaces mechanism and specifications to provide a completely new model that a series of standard interfaces provided by several GIS platform software providers is jointly realized by database providers or data providers based on these standard interfaces.Detailed introductions are presented for the OGDC designs,technical features,implementation techniques,and applications.Finally,the feasibility and advantages of these proposed standards and specifications are demonstrated by a prototype using the OGDC from the domestic-developed distributed spatial database software 'BeyonDB'.And the prototype shows that OGDC could perfectly take account of the functionality,the efficiency and the usability of the spatial database connectivity,thus to provide a new application model for the standardized sharing and continual utilizing of the heterogeneous spatial database.


Listener is a foray into the Indigenous future. In her performance Kite impersonates a cloaked diasporic Oglála wanderer who listens for transmissions beyond the range of the humanly audible. This article provides different frameworks with which to approach Listener. Kite (Oglála Lakȟóta) will give insight into her background, introduce her art, and discuss some of the guiding questions behind it. This is followed by a dialogue with Baudemann, a non-Indigenous scholar who is interested in Kite's motivations to create Listener, her use of technology, and her view of the future. This second part is a transcription of an interview conducted via Skype, an electronic transmission over a long distance. In the final part – an addendum, or afterthought – Baudemann contextualizes Listener as a Lakȟóta Futurism. Photos and a brief summary of the performance provide further insight into the piece. Framed as textual and visual transmissions, the short essays, transcribed dialogue, and images constitute signals in different frequencies, and they ask the reader to attune anew with every page they turn and to question again and again their own way of reading, of listening.


Background: Hetero-resistance vancomycin intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) is phenotype, which on in-vitro susceptibility test is vancomycin susceptible (VSSA) but has a minority population of vancomycin intermediate (VISA). hVISA is responsible for vancomycin treatment failure. Population Analysis ProfileArea under Curve (PAP-AUC) is a test for detection of hVISA; however, this test is unsuitable for clinical microbiology laboratory. Tests, such as Brain Heart Infusion Agar with 6 mg/ml vancomycin (BHIA6V), E test and Macromethod E Test (MET) are available; however reported to have variable


Permselectivity and efficiency in membrane separation are greatly dependent on a couple of factors, such as solubility, in other words, affinity between a membrane and a target substrate and diffusivity of the given substrate. Among those two factors, it can be regarded that the former is arbitrarily controlled a wide range compared with the latter. From this, it is indispensable to introduce molecular recognition site, which rigorously discriminate between the target molecule and others, into synthetic membranes so that those membranes may transport it with high efficiency and selectivity. Molecular imprinting is regarded as one of the most facile methods to introduce molecular recognition sites into synthetic membranes and various separation membranes were prepared by molecular imprinting. Instead of pioneering 'molecular imprinting', emerging 'alternative molecular imprinting' can directly convert various polymeric materials into molecularly imprinted materials or molecularly imprinted membranes. In order to obtain molecularly imprinted membranes with high flux and high permselectivity, electrospray deposition is one of plausible methods. To this end, polymeric materials were directly converted into molecularly imprinted nanofiber membranes by simultaneously applying electrospray deposition and alternative molecular imprinting. In the present review, the application of molecular imprinting to membrane separation will be surveyed. Molecularly Imprinted Membranes


The article presents the results of participate assessment of weed species of the genus Galeopsis L. in the weed-field complex of agrocenoses of different regions of Russia. Predominance of G. bifida and G. ladanum in the fields of agricultural crops was detected. G. bifida was noted as a field weed only in the center of its area, and it was found as member of ruderal communities on the borders of its area.


In this study,a sandy tea product was purchased for the evaluation of in vitro anticancer effect on TCA8113 human tongue squamous carcinoma cells and in vivo anti-metastatic effect.By using MTT assay,apoptosis analysis by DAPI staining and RT-PCR assay,and western blot assay were employed to check the in vitro anticancer effect and in vivo anti-metastatic effect of Sandy tea at different concentration(50,100 and 200 μg/mL) using animal models.Results showed that 200 μg/mL of sandy tea(81%) had the best inhibitory effect and apoptosis-inducing activity on TCA8113 human tongue squamous carcinoma cells compared to those samples at other concentrations.With increasing the tea concentrations,mRNA expressions of Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9 was up-regulated,but Bcl-2 expression was down-regulated.BALB/c tumor anti-metastasis test showed that sandy tea inhibited in vivo tumor metastasis induced by colon 26-M3.1 cells in BALB/c mice.These results suggest that sandy tea had potential as an anticancer functional food.


Funding information National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant/Award Numbers: 81772489, 81572854 Abstract Ras‐association domain family (RASSF) proteins exert distinct cellular functions. The expression of RASSF10 in non–small cell lung cancer and its underlying mechanism have not been reported. Herein, we explored the roles of RASSF10 in lung cancer cells and potential molecular mechanisms. We found low RASSF10 expression in lung cancer specimens, which was associated with low differentiation, advanced pTNM stage, positive lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis in patients. Furthermore, RASSF10 overexpression inhibited the proliferation and invasion of lung cancer cells, which was the result of Wnt signaling suppression. However, we found that RASSF10 had no influence on Hippo signaling, while RASSF10 bound to LRP6 via the coiled‐coil domains and reduced p‐LRP6 level, eventually prohibiting β‐catenin nuclear translocation. However, deleting the coiled‐coil domains ablated this function. These findings expound the interaction between RASSF10 and LRP6 and uncover a potential link between N‐terminal RASSFs and the Wnt pathway.


We investigate the effect that a close stellar encounter would have on the growing scattered disk and Oort cloud. Such an encounter has been suggested by Melita et al. as the cause of the Kuiper belt's outer edge. Thus, we restrict our study to encounters that could have caused such a structure. We find that we probably can rule out all such encounters that occurred either at or subsequent to 10 million years after the Oort cloud started to form. In our simulations, these encounters either produce an extended scattered disk that is too populous to be consistent with observations or produce an Oort cloud that is too anemic.


Social protection for health moves beyond understanding the social determinants of health to identifying the policies and programmes that can address them. Although social protection has great relevance to health, most of the related discussions are taking place outside the health sector. Thus, to identify areas for strategic partnership, we conducted a semi-structured review of how the World Health Organization (WHO), International Labour Organization (ILO), World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the European Union (EU) define social protection and how this relates to health in the WHO European Region. We found several areas of synergy: (i) between the EU, ILO and OECD on social assistance and (ii) between the World Bank and IMF in relation to resilience and social risk management. Building on this analysis, we developed a conceptual framework of the bidirectional linkages between health and social protection. We call on the health sector to lead by example and act on the many social determinants over which it has influence, especially employment, working conditions and income support. We conclude that development of a research and policy agenda could be strengthened through creating WHO Collaborating Centres, launching policy innovation labs and establishing a Commission on Social Protection for Health.


The synthesis of quinoline-based unnatural amino acids and the subsequent preparation of polypeptide surrogates from these building blocks on solid support.


With more and more requirements of the modern constitutional state and people's legal awareness,coupled with the occurrence of a series of constitutional cases,establishment of constitutional review system is necessary.Based on the comparative study of American and French constitutional review system,including history development,theoretical basis,the specific content,the main features,the system model and other aspects,so as to provide some inspiration for building our constitutional review system.


Background An association between maternal prenatal stress and increased rates of respiratory tract infections in the offspring has been described earlier. Data regarding the father's role is lacking. In this study our aim was to evaluate, whether mothers' and fathers' depressive symptoms and loneliness during pregnancy predict higher rates of respiratory tract infections in the offspring. Methods In this longitudinal cohort study we gathered information on parental psychological risk during gestational week 20 using the BDI-II and UCLA loneliness scale questionnaires for the parents of 929 children. Loneliness was divided into social and emotional components, the former describing patterns of social isolation and the latter a perceived lack of intimate attachments. Episodes of acute otitis media, physician visits due to respiratory tract infections, and antibiotic consumption relating to respiratory tract infections were documented in the infants, excluding twins, from birth until 10 months of age using study diaries. Analyses were carried out by structural equation modeling, which provides dynamic estimates of covariances. Results Maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy predicted higher rates of acute otitis media in the infant and maternal emotional loneliness predicted higher rates of physician visits. Acute otitis media, physician visits and antibiotic consumption in the infant were slightly less frequent for families who reported social loneliness in the father or mother. Associations remained when taking into account confounders. Conclusions Maternal prenatal depression and emotional loneliness predicted a higher burden of respiratory tract infections in the offspring. The protective influence of parental social loneliness on the burden of respiratory tract infections in infants was not in line with our study hypothesis, but could be explained by reduced use of healthcare services in these socially isolated families.


Applying an appropriate city gas source is important for reducing the costs of living and production, energy-saving, environmental protection and city long-term planning. According to the principle of value engineering (VE), the paper puts forward a model for selecting city gas source. The model includes identifying research object, function analysis, cost analysis and value analysis. The model mainly focuses on function analysis and a functional evaluation index system of gas source is constituted, the improved analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is used to determine the weights of the indexes for function coefficient calculation. Combining the technical and economic characters of gas sources, value index is formulated as the evaluation parameter to select the optimal scheme. An application case is studied using the model, and the selected gas source long-distance pipeline natural gas (LPNG) is suitable for the city.


Eyesight is a key sense that human beings possess. Reports shows that color blindness, one form of color vision deficiency(CVD), touches about 8% of the males and 0.5% females (1). Patients of color blindness are unable to differentiate certain colors called confusion colors. Inability to differentiate red results in red blindness, green in green blindness, and blue/yellow in blue-yellow blindness. Routine activities of daily life become a challenge for the colorblind due to this inability. Digital solutions in the area of computer vision can be used to make lives easier for the colorblind (2). The authors propose a fuzzy based method to simulate and compensate confusion colors in images for varying degrees of color blindness. Experiments were conducted on images for simulation and color compensation. Observations of the color compensation was measured with normal vision and colorblind patients. It resulted in 91% accuracy for red green color blindness. The efficiency of simulation was measured by evaluation with state-of-the-art online tools and literature. The results show 95.8% accuracy. The results obtained affirms the efficiency of the proposed fuzzy method.


In a handle system for a vehicle comprising a direction indicator, mounted on the upper edge of the handle (10), or has at least two sensor areas (14, 16) integral with the edge (10). Input from the driver for one or more sensor region (14, 16) is selectively turn signals of the vehicle, operated or stopped. .FIELD 1


The Orthodox community in Ukraine is bitterly divided amongst three churches, two of which are supportive of autocephaly but divided by personal factors. Over six years into independence the largest Orthodox church in Ukraine remains subordinated to the Moscow Patriarchate as an autonomous church. Attempts at creating a 'state church' during the Leonid Kravchuk era failed and served only further to divide the Orthodox faithful in Ukraine. Although his successor, President Leonid Kuchma, radically changed religious policies and halted any government support for a national church he has accepted that the state has a role to play in regulating these questions during Ukraine's postSoviet transition. Although both Kravchuk and Kuchma back a united Orthodox Church there is little understanding as to how to attain this objective. The granting of autocephaly by Constantinople to a united Ukrainian Orthodox Church, as in Estonia in 1995, would lead to dangerous rifts between Kyiv/Moscow and Moscow/ Constantinople. Orthodoxy in Ukraine on the Eve of Independence The Russian Orthodox Church went into decline and suffered many defections during the late 1980s, in particular in western Ukraine. Nevertheless, it still remained the largest church in Ukraine when Ukraine became an independent state and has continued to hold this dominant position. Two thirds of the parishes of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Brezhnev era were located in Ukraine. Of these, half were in western Ukraine.2 During the last two remaining years of the former Soviet Union the Russian Orthodox Church had been forced to allow some semblance of 'autonomy' to counter the growth of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (UAPTs). The 'autonomous' branch of the Russian Orthodox Church was renamed the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (UPTs) in October 1990 and continued to be led by Metropolitan Filaret. Only the head of the autonomous UPTs, elected by the Ukrainian Sobor of the clergy and laity, needed confirmation by the Moscow Patriarchate. All other activities became the sole responsibility of the UPTs. The title of the head of the UPTs was changed to 'His Beautitude', 'an address reserved for heads of autocephalous churches'.3 The majority of former Catholic parishes which opted to remain Orthodox in Galicia initially joined the UAPTs during 1989-91 when it was vigorously portrayed


This study aims to examine the effect of corporate social responsibility disclosure, good corporate governance and sales growth on tax avoidance with a cash effective tax rate (CETR) proxy. This research was conducted at manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2015-2018 period. Determination of the sample using the nonprobability sampling method with purposive sampling technique obtained by 20 companies with 80 observations. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis, first factor analysis is carried out to determine the factors of good corporate governance variables. The results of this study indicate that disclosure of corporate social responsibility has no effect on tax avoidance, good corporate governance with proxies selected representing managerial ownership and institutional ownership negatively affect tax avoidance, while sales growth has a positive effect on tax avoidance.


"Phytoplasma" is the trivial name of fastidious biotrophic bacteria of the class Mollicutes. These pathogens cause devastating diseases in all crop growing branches worldwide. Infected herbaceous plants tend to show the specific syndroms of virescence and phyllody. Diseased woody plants suffer mostly from abnormal growth as well as from leave and fruit deformations. Infected plants can die back. Phytoplasmas colonise the phloem sieve tubes in their plant host. They are transmitted by vectors, grafting, parasitic plants and root-grafts. Similar to virus diseases, the control measures aim to prevent an infection (e.g. use of healthy planting material/robust cultivars) or to inhibit the spread of the pathogen (e.g. quarantine, eradication of infected plants, vector control). The present article focuses mainly on the worldwide important phytoplasmal syndromes Apple proliferation, Pear decline, Bois noir, Apricot chlorotic leaf roll, Elm yellows, Flavescence doree, Hydrangea phyllody and Lethal yellowing. The article reviews the causal agents, the distribution area as well as the transmission and control of each disease.


Introduction: Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFβ) is an important cytokine in mediating the fibrogenic response and, in particular, cardiac fibrosis. Extensive fibrosis accompanies the cardiac r...


In order to measure the runoff losses of nitrogen and phosphorus in rice-wheat rotation system,a continuous two-year field plot experiment was carried out in Taihu Lake basin under different fertilization amounts and modes. The total nitrogen(TN) losses in 2008 and 2009 were 14. 20- 65. 17 kg /hm2and 38. 08- 77. 76 kg /hm2respectively,and the loss coefficients were 6. 02%- 9. 67% and 3. 00%- 5. 16%,respectively. The total nitrogen loss was in NH+4-N state mainly in the rice season,whereas in the wheat season it was in NO-3-N state. The total amounts of nitrogen runoff were significantly different between years. The total phosphorus( TP) losses in 2008 and 2009 were 0. 65- 1. 21 kg /hm2and0. 72- 1. 15 kg /hm2respectively,and the loss coefficients were- 0. 34%- 0. 19% and- 0. 81%-- 0. 15%. TP concentration in runoff was independent of fertilization amounts and modes. Fertilizer input amount,rainfall time and rainfall amount were the main factors that influence the losses of nitrogen and phosphorus. Deep application of fertilizer,straw mulching and water saving irrigation could reduce nitrogen loss.


Sleep disturbances are a common problem
among patients with chronic renal insufficiency on hemodialysis and
often have multiple causes. One is the high prevalence of the
uremic form of restless legs syndrome (RLS). Associated symptoms,
such as uncomfortable sensations in the legs, an urge to move and
limb jerking, usually worsen in the evening, reducing the sleep
quality of affected individuals. The etiology of uremic RLS still
remains unclear; however, a neurotransmitter imbalance with a
predominance of excitatory effects due to metabolic changes seems
likely.Our research investigated whether an elevated plasma
concentration of the amino acid homocysteine is associated with RLS
occurrence in patients on hemodialysis. Total homocysteine plasma
concentration is known to be elevated in many patients on dialysis,
and the substance acts as an agonist at the N-Methyl-D-aspartic
acid (NMDA) receptor. Therefore, it has excitatory properties and
impairs the metabolism of dopamine, which is implicated in RLS. In
this study, we took blood samples from 52 renal-insufficient
patients on dialysis. Half of these patients suffered from uremic
RLS (RLSpos, n = 26) while the other half did not (RLSneg, n = 26).
Total plasma homocysteine concentrations (tHcy) were compared
between the two groups. Furthermore, we analysed several other
laboratory parameters which have previously been associated with
RLS in uremic as well as in non-uremic patients (creatinine, urea,
vitamin B12, folic acid, parathormone, hemoglobin, iron, ferritin,
phosphate, calcium, magnesium, and albumin). Additionally, we
compared subjective sleep quality between RLSpos and RLSneg
patients using the Pittsburgh-Sleep-Quality-Index-Questionnaire and
investigated a possible relationship between laboratory parameters
and sleep quality. Taking individual albumin concentrations into
account, a significant positive correlation between tHcy and RLS
occurrence was observed in our study (r= 0.246; p=0.045). All other
laboratory parameters did not differ significantly between the
RLSpos and RLSneg patients. Irrespective of group membership, bad
sleep quality was associated with higher concentrations of serum
parathormone (p=0.028). Sleep quality was significantly more
reduced in RLSpos compared to RLSneg patients (p=0.003). RLS
severity correlated with impaired sleep quality (r= 0.510;
p=0.004).Our results confirm that uremic RLS is a major cause of
sleep impairment among patients on hemodialysis. Subjective sleep
quality appears to deteriorate with increasing severity of RLS.
Elevated levels of total plasma homocysteine may indeed play an
etiologic role in uremic RLS. Furthermore, it appears that bad
sleep quality in RLS-affected as well as in non-RLS affected
patients on hemodialysis is associated with higher parathormone
levels. Further investigations need to be carried out to verify
these relations.


Complementary food for ASI is food given to infants/children in addition to breast milk to meet their nutritional needs. Complementary foods are started to be given to babies aged 6 months, because the nutritional needs to support their growth and development are still lacking if only breast milk. Breast milk only meets the needs of about 60% -70% of a baby's needs after the age of 6 months. Meanwhile, 30% -40% must be met from complementary foods. Therefore, it is very important to educate the community through empowering cadres as an extension in providing assistance to mothers who have toddlers in providing additional food to babies. Community service activities were carried out in the working area of the Megang Health Center on November 12, 2022 with 15 toddler cadres as respondents. The stages of the activities carried out included making leaflets, providing counseling about complementary foods and demonstrating the preparation of complementary foods with a balanced menu (carbohydrates, animal protein, vegetable protein, vegetables and fat) using local ingredients. The results of community service, after conducting knowledge counseling for cadres, the average is 78% in the good category. Then after the demonstration, the cadres were able to make a well-filtered MPASI menu. So it is recommended that the involvement of cadres in empowering mothers who have toddlers in making MPASI with a balanced menu through the use of local ingredients.


Review of
Giulia Falato, Alfonso Vagnone's Tongyou Jiaoyu (On the Education of Children, c. 1632): The Earliest Encounter Between Chinese and European Pedagogy (Boston-Leiden: Brill, 2020)


We cultivated fatty oil decomposing micro-organisms by feeding with fatty oil alone in an activated sludge process combined with membrane separation. Isolation and identification were performed to examine flora by bacteriological methods. Batch experiments were performed to examine decomposition characteristics of this micro-organism and identification. Consequently, the following results were obtained. (1) Fatty oil decomposing micro-organisms more decomposed fatty oil than the control. This organism is considered possess 10 times more fatty oil decomposing bacteria than the control. (2) Based on the results of long chain fatty acid measurement by gas chromatography, that hydrolystic ability of the fatty oil of this micro-organism was higher than the control. (3) Six out of 18 isolated bacteria were found to be related to decomposition of fatty oil Nocardia sp..(4) Three of these strains decomposed fatty oil from the results of the tween80 test and fatty oil decomposing test, respectively.


The system of compensation for mental damages is an important remedy method on personal rights damages. Its establishment shows that social civilization has developed into a new stage. The completion of the system of mental damages with the Chinese characteristics is of great significance to implement the thoughts of rule by law, to effectively curb torts and to fully protect the legal rights of clients.


Forty-eight sleep-disturbed college students were assigned to one of four conditions: relaxation training, single-item desensitization, placebo, and no treatment. Counterdemand instructions were given during the first three sessions: subjects were told that improvement in sleep disturbance would not occur until after the fourth session. Relaxation and desensitization procedures produced significantly greater reports of improvement in latency of sleep onset than placebo and no treatment during the counterdemand period, while all three treated groups reported significantly greater improvement than no treatment after the fourth (positive demand) session. The results supported the effectiveness of relaxation therapy in the treatment of moderate insomnia. Demand characteristics may contribute to subject reports, but the use of counterdemand instructions allows for valid comparisons among therapy conditions.


The incidence of cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) to first‐line antituberculosis drugs (FLTDs) is higher in HIV–tuberculosis coinfection. However, the utility of patch testing to identify the offending drug in this patient subgroup has been poorly studied.


The primary objective of this research is to examine the relations between individualism-collectivism and communication styles among students attending public universities in the Klang Valley region of Malaysia. A total of 380 students from three Malaysian public universities were chosen through stratified sampling to participate in this study. The data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The findings indicate that the majority of respondents exhibited a moderate level of individualism and high level of communication styles, while nearly all respondents displayed a collectivist orientation. The results also revealed significant correlations between individualism and communication styles such as impression leaving, argumentative, attentive, animated, dramatic, open, and dominant. Meanwhile, collectivism showed correlations with friendly, impression leaving, relaxed, argumentative, attentive, animated, open, and dominant communication styles. From this study, by understanding the principles of individualism and collectivism is vital for effective communication, as these cultural orientations significantly shape individuals' expectations and interpretations of interactions. Recognizing these cultural perspectives can enhance mutual understanding, minimize miscommunication, and improve the overall effectiveness of cross-cultural dialogue and collaboration.


In this paper, we show the reason households default on the payment for whole debts with the Dynamic Random Effect Probit (DERP) model. We employ use 32 monthly data which includes financial statements of individual borrowers and macroeconomic situations. The dependent variable of this model is a dummy variable of delinquency. Explanatory variables include residential status, incomes, and loan amounts of credit and mortgage loans with delinquency status. Macroeconomic variables are comprised of the house price index the short term interest rate, the unemployment rate, and the industrial production index. We find that the delinquency probability is increasing when borrowers live their own house. Moreover, households have willing to delay the payment duty until the price of house encountering their satisfaction. [Jo KJ. Kim SB. Delinquency Behaviors of Households on the Residential Property Market. Life Sci J 2014;11(7s):103-106] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 18


Vendex 50 WP (Fenbutatin oxide) is widely used for agriculture applications. To assess hazard potential of air-born Vendex 50 WP, the long-term inhalation study in male and female rats was performed, according to the OPPTS test guidelines. The rats were exposed to 0.002 mg a.i./L air (G2), 0.008 mg a.i./L air (G3), 0.016 mg a.i./L air (G4 and G6) for 6 hour/day, 5 day/week for 4 weeks respectively, in a 28-day study. A variety of biological clinical chemistry, hematology, urine analysis, organ weight and histopathology were examined. In the present study, the treatment of Vendex 50 WP was associated with decrease in prothrombin time, increase in absolute and relative weights of lungs, increase in volume and pH of urine and decrease in specific gravity of urine at 0.008 mg a.i./L air (intermediate concentration) and 0.016 mg a.i./L air (high concentration),in the absence of any histopathological findings in organs associated with these findings, which were considered as an adaptive response to test item.. Therefore, the No Observed Adverse Effect Concentration (NOAEC) is 0.016 mg a.i./L air, when administered, through inhalation, up to 28 days, to Wistar rats under the procedure and conditions followed in the present study. Whereas, the No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) of Vendex 50 WP is 0.002 mg a.i./L air.


Let G be a finite group. G has the property that for any conjugacy class length, G has exactly two conjugacy classes having such length. The paper classifies all possible stucture of the finite group G under a condiction that G′ is nilpotent.


Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection that poses a threat to both human and animal health. The aim of this study is to investigate the publication trends in research on canine brucellosis and to determine the changes and general characteristics of the disease throughout history using bibliometric analysis. For this reason, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of 316 articles published in the Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases from 1980 to 2022. The analysis was performed using the RStudio-Bibliometrix package and the Biblioshiny application. The publications included contributions from a total of 1241 authors. In addition, a total of 804 keywords plus and 398 author keywords were identified. The earliest study among the top 10 most cited articles dates back to 1985, while the most recent one was published in 2011. The majority of the publications were published in the years 2012 (n=17) and 2014 (n=17). The United States of America (USA) (n=55), Brazil (n=40), and Argentina (n=25) were identified as the countries with the highest number of published articles. Notably, Switzerland ranked first in terms of the average number of citations per article category (n=55.50), despite only two publications being attributed to this country. Keid L. (n=15), Lucero N. (n=14), Carmichael L. (n=13), and Kim J. (n=13) emerged as the most prolific contributors. Lucero N. obtained the highest number of total citations (TC=408). In the initial years of publication, the disease was predominantly characterized by keywords such as "brucellosis," "infection," "abortus," and "Brucella canis". However, keywords related to diagnosis and treatment, such as "diagnosis," "serodiagnosis," "vaccine," and "agar gel," gained significance and became increasingly relevant. The themes and sub-themes identified through this study can provide a basis for further investigation and scientific inquiry, thus contributing to the development of new research questions and opportunities for future studies.


This article focuses on findings from a qualitative study examining the induction and supervision of a range of staff engaged in family and child care work in two Children's Services in the north of England. The consistent view of respondents was that they preferred to be approached by line managers in ways that were person centred. Links are made between this approach and the underpinning values of a learning organisation. The way in which authorities respond to induction and supervision may have implications for wider strategies aimed at improving recruitment and retention.


A new species of Arthrobrachus Solier, A. arquatus n. sp. from Argentina, is described using external characters of the adult male and female including terminal segments of the abdomen and genitalia. Arthrobrachus arquatus n. sp. is morphologically close to A. tibialis Solier, 1849 from the Central Chile sub region, suggesting a phylogenetic connection. Comments on the possible origin of this relationship are made.


Scientific literature combining omnichannel and CRM systems is not extensive (single papers available). The authors' motivation is to expand the state of knowledge in this field. The goal of the paper is to perform a comparative analysis of the functionality of CRM systems used to support several different fields of activity within one company - a perspective of the software service provider.
The featured research tool is a survey questionnaire used with a sample of 243 company employees in November 2018. The subject of the analysis is a company that operates in a range of different branches on the Polish market. The company has a large collection of various CRM and auxiliary systems used to serve diverse groups of its customers.
The research results are analysed crosswise: first in detail - horizontally (the prism of functionality) and vertically (the prism of the channel type - the type of CRM system), then in general - holistic. The effect of the research is the determination of the company employees' satisfaction with specific functionalities of a given CRM system (channel) along with an assessment of the legitimacy of their use.
Only scientific articles from Scopus databases were considered for literature research. The results of the practical part are adequate for companies that have many CRM systems (not one). In the future, the authors plan to repeat the study on a sample of customers of the company – a look from the second perspective.
After the era of classic customer relationship management systems (CRM), the era of omnichannel customer relationship management systems (OCRM) is coming. This is what the modern market (customers) expects and what is also urgently needed by companies.
Scientific literature combining omnichannel and CRM systems is not extensive (single papers available). The authors' motivation is to expand the state of knowledge in this field. The goal of the paper is to perform a comparative analysis of the functionality of CRM systems used to support several different fields of activity within one company - a perspective of the software service provider.
The featured research tool is a survey questionnaire used with a sample of 243 company employees in November 2018. The subject of the analysis is a company that operates in a range of different branches on the Polish market. The company has a large collection of various CRM and auxiliary systems used to serve diverse groups of its customers.
The research results are analysed crosswise: first in detail - horizontally (the prism of functionality) and vertically (the prism of the channel type - the type of CRM system), then in general - holistic. The effect of the research is the determination of the company employees' satisfaction with specific functionalities of a given CRM system (channel) along with an assessment of the legitimacy of their use.
Only scientific articles from Scopus databases were considered for literature research. The results of the practical part are adequate for companies that have many CRM systems (not one). In the future, the authors plan to repeat the study on a sample of customers of the company – a look from the second perspective.
After the era of classic customer relationship management systems (CRM), the era of omnichannel customer relationship management systems (OCRM) is coming. This is what the modern market (customers) expects and what is also urgently needed by companies.


The object of this paper is to show the weaknessess of various theories which thrive on the same assumption, namely that swidden agriculture is necessarily associated with non-capitalist forces, relations, and rationalities of production; and to offer an alternative interpretation stressing the possibility of a structural articulation of slash-and-burn farming on to other sectors of a market economy. Firstly, slash-and-burn agriculture does not necessarily fit into Geertz's imitative-ecosystem model so that one cannot derive from swidden techniques alone 4 'much of the explanation for the uneven distribution of population' ' (in Indonesia or in the South American Amazonian basin) and 4 'the ineluctable social and cultural quandaries which followed from it" (Geertz, 1969: 25). Secondly, swidden forces of production are compatible with significant population growth and concentration and do not invariably require maximum demographic dispersion, or 4 'the settlement pattern of the state of Nature' ' (Sahlins, 1974: 97). Thirdly, even though often associated with features attributed to 'subsistence economies', swidden farming does not always rest upon subsistence forces and domestic relations of production and upon a subsistence rationality: on the contrary, it can be integrated, as it is often in the Latin American context, into a non-primitive mode of capitalist production. The following discussion will involve specific ethnographic references to a small village located in the eastern rain forest pied-


Although the meaning of quality can be very broadly defined work here focuses on the most immediate manufacturing concern, namely conformance to technical performance requirements. Conformance on welding is directly determined through comparison of the measured characteristics of weldments and their design considerations. Based on this criterion, quality of welded products is controlled by means of techniques which have evolved over the years with changes in their philosophy. It has been realised, however, that elaborate inspection and process monitoring procedures prevent deterioration of quality but by themselves cannot bring out the best in welding manufacturing. They only aim at maintaining the status quo and are meant to be applied on a routine basis. When new situations arise involving changes, more versatile and powerful techniques are needed. Such techniques are discussed all of which revolve around adaptive welding process control. An appreciation of weld quality systems require an awareness of not only the level of hardware sophistication and intelligence of each technique but its proper application and limitations as well. This paper covers each of these aspects.


Significance The detection of aneuploidy in clinical samples can be critical for various diagnostic applications in cancer and can also inform cancer genetics. Next-generation sequencing protocols such as whole-genome and exome sequencing are typically used to detect aneuploidy in cancer samples, but amplicon-based protocols achieve high coverage depth at relatively low cost and can be used when only tiny amounts of DNA are available. In this paper, we describe new bioinformatic tools to detect aneuploidy using data generated from amplification with a single primer pair. This approach can be applied to samples containing only a few nanograms of DNA and as little as 1% neoplastic content and has a variety of applications in cancer diagnostics and forensic science. Aneuploidy is a feature of most cancer cells, and a myriad of approaches have been developed to detect it in clinical samples. We previously described primers that could be used to amplify ∼38,000 unique long interspersed nucleotide elements (LINEs) from throughout the genome. Here we have developed an approach to evaluate the sequencing data obtained from these amplicons. This approach, called Within-Sample AneupLoidy DetectiOn (WALDO), employs supervised machine learning to detect the small changes in multiple chromosome arms that are often present in cancers. We used WALDO to search for chromosome arm gains and losses in 1,677 tumors and in 1,522 liquid biopsies of blood from cancer patients or normal individuals. Aneuploidy was detected in 95% of cancer biopsies and in 22% of liquid biopsies. Using single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the amplified LINEs, WALDO concomitantly assesses allelic imbalances, microsatellite instability, and sample identification. WALDO can be used on samples containing only a few nanograms of DNA and as little as 1% neoplastic content and has a variety of applications in cancer diagnostics and forensic science.


A NEW FIND OF LIZARD IN BALTIC AMBER

Summary
 A Iizard in Baltic amber from Sambia was found in 1891 and described by Klebs in 1910. Registered under No. 12664, the lizard had then been kept in the collection of Becker Museum till it was taken over by Albert University in Konigsberg. As follows from the work by Klebs (1910), the lizard was originally identified by Boulanger from London as Nucras tessellata (Smith); in 1917, the author changed the name of species intoNucras succinea (quoted after Poinar, 1992). Starting as early as the 1940s, opinions were voiced that Nucras could have been sealed, whether by natural or by artificial means, in fossil resin and not in succinite (Loveridge, 1942; Schlee, 1990 and others). A list of forgeries of the vertebrates has recently been compiled by Grimaldi et al. (1994). Identified in Dominican amber, instead, were Sphaerodactylus dommeli (Bohme, 1984) and Anolis dominicanus (Riepel, 1980). According to Kluge (1995), the "Sphaerodactylus" dommeli needs to be reexamined from the viewpoint of proper identification of species. From the moment of Klebs's discovery of Nucras, only Katinas (1983) published a photograph of a fragment of lizard skin in Baltic amber in his book. The finding of a new lizard in material obtained through rinsing from Holocene fossil beach sediments in Gdansk-Stogi (about 1 kilometer away from the shore) took place in Jnne 1997. The animal of preserved length of 3.7 centimeters is incomplete: missing is the front part of the head, dorsal fragment of the trunk, and the rearmost fragment of the tail. In order to identify the amber and to exclude the possibility of any forgeries, the find was submitted to infrared absorption spectrography. The IRS 468 curve obtained is the typical curve of succinite in Baltic amber. The described specimen from a private collection of G. Gierlowska, now deposited with Museum of the Earth, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, needs specialistic examination which might perhaps lead to identification of species. Body structure and preserved elements suggest that the specimen represents the family of lizards proper and belongs to family Lacertidae.


Phase change memory (PCM) device physics comprehension represents an important chapter of future development of the PCM‐based architectures and their placement into the storage class memory (SCM) segment of the memory hierarchy. Here, a reduction of SET and RESET currents by more than 60% with respect to conventional GeTe–Sb2Te3 (GST) alloys is demonstrated by using phase change memory cells containing (GeTe–Sb2Te3)/Sb2Te3 super‐lattices (SL). Further, it is demonstrated that our SL PCM devices have similar characteristics in terms of the memory transition as conventional memory cells based on GST, even though showing reduced power consumption, indicative of an efficiency augmented SET‐to‐RESET transition. The reduced power consumption may be attributed to an increased thermal resistance of the SL with respect to the bulk GST alloy. This demonstrates that it is possible to engineer PCM with enhanced performance by employing SL structures, enlarging the possibility of employing SL as SCM players.


Building knowledge on participation successes and failures is essential to enhance the overall quality and accountability of participatory processes. This paper relates to participatory assessment conducted in four cities, where 12 participatory workshops were organized, bringing together more than 230 participants. On-the-spot feedback was collected from the participants and generated 203 logbook entries, which helped define participant-related variables. Those variables in turn unfolded unique participatory trajectories for each participant. Four retrospective focus groups were then organized to bring qualitative, in-depth understanding to the participants' expectations and (dis)satisfactions all along the participatory processes. On the basis of these empirical data, we developed a contextual, analytical tool to review participation in a longitudinal way. This qualitative tool articulates several intertwined influences: the level of satisfaction, the level of expectations and participatory background from the participants' perspectives, as well as the participatory maturity from the organizing agency's perspective. We argue that evaluating participation in the long term and in a transversal way, focusing on agencies' and participants' trajectories rather than uniquely on on-the-spot experiences, provides additional meaning to criteria applied to participation evaluation and teaches us more about participation quality and efficiency than repeated assessments of disconnected and isolated initiatives.