Among the animals that have taken radio pills are snakes, rabbits, iguanas, dogs, monkeys, a 400-pound Galapagos turtle-and humans. Dr. Samuel McGinnis, a dedicated telemetry scientist from California State College, Hayward Calif., recentlv traveled to San Blas, Mexico, to monitor body temperature in the green iguana, Iguana igutana. Dr. McGinnis used a large transmitter the size of a finger in order to obtain a radio range up to 300 feet. He had to implant it rather than put it down the animal's throat. He and his team then camned out under a tree to listen. Among other things, they discovered that "if you're a tropical lizard, the only way to cool off is to get in a thunderstorm." In a storm the iguana's body temperature might drop to 64 degrees F. (Normal range is 64 to 108). A lizard common to the U.S. Southwest, on the other hand, hibernates every night, said Dr. McGinnis. His temperature hits a low of 53.6 F. Dr. McGinnis was one of several hundred international and U.S. representatives who attended an intensive four-day course on biomedical telemetry, sponsored by the Smithsonian Institution and the American Institute of Biological Sciences.


Abstract : In this paper we present a new class of tasks for multi-robot teams: those that require constant complex interaction between teammates. Much research has been done in the area of multi-robot coordination, but no existing framework meets the technical demands of such tasks. We have developed Hoplites in response to the need for a more capable framework. Hoplites is a market-based framework that couples planning with both passive and active coordination strategies. It enables robots to change coordination strategies as the needs of the task change. Further, it efficiently facilitates tight coordination between multiple robots. We compare the performances of Hoplites and existing coordination frameworks in a security sweep domain. Our results show that Hoplites significantly improves the quality of solutions found by the team, particularly in the most complex instances of the domain.


Different methods of scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) were applied on a -TiAl alloy TNB-V5 after a thermo-mechanical fatigue test. Electron channelling contrast imaging (ECCI) and electron backscattered diffraction were carried out on bulk specimen. In addition, ECCI and scanning transmission electron microscopy in the SEM were carried out on a TEM-foil in the electron opaque and the electron transparent region, respectively. The investigations were completed by transmission electron microscopy in form of standard bright field imaging as well as by taking corresponding diffraction patterns. The results demonstrate in an impressive way that the ECCI technique applied in scanning electron microscope can successfully supplement or in some cases replace imaging of dislocation arrangements in TEM.


Graphenebased materials have generated considerable interest in the development of new nanostructured materials to be used as efficient solidstate hydrogen storage devices. Several studies have highlighted the possibility to increase the hydrogen uptake by modulating the porosity and the surface area of these graphenebased materials [1,2]. Recently, Baburin et al [3] provided experimental evidences that multilayer graphene sheets with hole defects of the order of 12 nm, which may be considered as a "graphene sponge", possess promising hydrogen storage capacities. Understanding the interaction mechanism between hydrogen and the irregular network of graphene sponges are therefore of paramount importance to rationalize the gas sorption process on these new systems. Nevertheless, making structures with precisely hole defects, pore size and density represents one of the major challenge in the field of nanotechnology. A set of theoretical models for the graphene sponges is thus required to investigate in more details their properties and eventually to drive experimentalists in making them. Here we propose and implement an algorithm to generate graphene scaffold with given porosity and specific density, and realistic structure (Figure 1). The algorithm is based on a stepwise generation of graphene flakes of size, shape and orientation randomly distributed, until the wanted structural features are reached. The structure is subsequently refined by means of molecular dynamics simulations using empirical force fields. Optionally, it can be decorated with adatoms (H, O or others) to mimic the real structures generated from GO flakes or other precursors. Finally, the structure is characterized versus its gas adsorption capability by means of gran canonical monte carlo and/or diffusion molecular dynamics simulations.


India's government has approved a proposal to establish 58 new medical colleges in states that currently lack them by upgrading district and referral hospitals.1

The government said that each new college would have capacity for 100 new medical students, leading to 5800 new medical school seats. India currently has 381 medical colleges. The government has not announced when the new colleges would be set up.

To establish the new colleges, India's central government will provide Rs84.6bn rupees (£830m; €1bn; $1.4bn) and the state governments will …


Dear Readers, Besides being a world-class metrologist, Michael de Podesta is passionate about the wider issue of creating a scientifically savvy population able to form sensible views about topics such as global warming, nuclear energy, depletion of global resources and so on which will greatly affect succeeding generations. He contributes to general awareness about the scientific principles needed to consider these problems via the U.K.'s National Physical Laboratory "Protons for Breakfast" educational course, supplemented by his on-going internet blog. Bryan Kibble News about the forthcoming 2018 re-definition of the International System of Units ( SI) usually focuses on the resolution of the long-standing 'kilogram problem.' But, there will also be significant changes in the definition of other units and indeed, in the very concept of a 'unit.' Here, I would like to tell you about the proposed changes in the definition of the unit of temperature, the kelvin (K). Outside of the various National Measurement Institutes, such as the USA's NIST or the UK's NPL where I work, the number of industrial or scientific users calling for a redefinition of the kelvin is probably zero. Nonetheless, our current definition is linked to historical anomalies, and I hope to convince you that the re-definition makes a lot of sense. The SI underpins a vast measurement infrastructure: it is a truly great and often underappreciated human achievement. But all great structures have foundations, and all foundations need occasional maintenance. As anyone who has ever undertaken such work on their house will attest, this work is expensive and slow, and in the end there is nothing to 'show' for it except confidence that the building will not subside in the future. Let's look at why this work on the current kelvin definition is desirable and how the under-pinning work will support the 'new' kelvin.


We propose a finite element method (FEM) based approach for surface stitching which can be integrated into existing SLAM and NRSfM pipelines for AR applications. Given individual reconstructions and camera poses at different time stamps, our stitching method incrementally completes the surface with a smooth transition between the hidden and the observed parts, so that all the observed parts can be stitched into a single surface. Thanks to the physical modelling, deformations from the observed parts are propagated to the hidden parts enabling an overall high-fidelity and realistic estimate. To keep the computational time in bounds, deformations near the observed parts are computed with FEM, and the remaining region is approximated by Laplacian deformation. We assume that no force is applied to the hidden parts. To evaluate the algorithm, we generate a synthetic dataset with ground truth. In our dataset, the camera observes only a part of the target surface in each frame and moves until the whole target surface is covered. The dataset which will be made publicly available includes the ground truth camera poses and geometries of the whole surface at each time frame. An experimental evaluation of the stitching method with accuracy metrics rounds out the draft.


No consensus exists on whether clozapine should be prescribed in early stages of psychosis. This systematic review and meta‐analysis therefore focus on the use of clozapine as first‐line or second‐line treatment in non‐treatment‐resistant patients.


Combined cooling plant and heat pump, comprising a first strand having a compressor (1), a heat exchanger (2) as a refrigeration system condenser or heat pump evaporator, a refrigerant collector (9), an internal heat exchanger (5) with a high-pressure passage and a low pressure passage for the refrigerant, an expansion member ( 3) and an evaporator (4) and comprising a secondary line with a heating condenser (11) having an expansion member (12), characterized in that a lockable bypass (23) to flow through the high-pressure passage of the internal heat exchanger (5) between the high pressure outlet of the inner and the heat exchanger (2) is arranged a heat exchanger (5).


Objective To compare doctor′s consultation time with AIDS patients and patients with chronic hepatitis B and C from six hospitals of Yunnan province,and to further explore factors influencing the consultation time with re-visiting AIDS outpatients.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on all AIDS outpatients in six hospitals of Yunnan province from April to August in 2012.The doctor′s consultation time was recorded and analyzed.Meanwhile,patients with chronic hepatitis B and C from the same hospital were also surveyed as control.SAS 9.2was used to process data.Wilcoxon Two-Sample Test,Kruskal-Wallis Test and General Linear Models were used for data statistical analysis.Results A total of 625 outpatients with AIDS and chronic hepatitis B and C were surveyed.The median value of consultation time for initial referral AIDS outpatients and patients who started their initial treatment were 33.2 and 32.8 minutes,which were both longer than the median value(9.6min)of initial visit patients with chronic hepatitis B and C(Wilcoxon Two-SamPle Test Z=4.7304,P0.0001;Z=5.4891,P0.0001).Meanwhile,the median value of consultation time for re-visiting AIDS outpatients was 10.6min,which was also much longer than 6.6min median value of re-visiting patients with chronic hepatitis B and C(Wilcoxon Two-SamPle Test Z=11.4950,P 0.0001).Factors influencing the consultation time of re-visiting AIDS outpatients includeded age,therapeutic regimen and medicine side-effect.Conclusions The dotor′s consultation time with both first time visit and re-visiting AIDS patients are longer when compared to patients with chronic hepatitis B and C,indicating that doctors are more responsible for AIDS patients.


Associated with ny class of belin groups is the class 8 () of short exact sequences A B C for which for every G Hom (G, C) is an epimorphism. Associated with any class of short exact sequences is the class (P (P () of all groups G for which the map Hom (G, B) --, Hom (G, C) is an epimorphism for every sequence A B C . These classes satisfy (e) ((P ( (e)) and (P ()) ( ((P (2))) for any classes ( and of groups and short exact sequences, respectively. The class (P ( (()) is the projective closure of . In this paper we take several classes of cotorsion groups, and describe the projective closure . Many of the results in this paper are generalizations of theorems in [6], where the projective closure of the class of torsion complete p-groups was described, and criteria for to contain certain divisible groups was given. A group G is cotorsion if it cannot be properly extended by any torsion free group. This is equivalent to the equation Ext (Q, G) 0, where Q is the group of rationals. Cotorsion groups were introduced by Harrison [2], Nunke [5] and Fuchs [1]. We summarize some of the properties of these groups in the next few paragraphs. Details can be found in the above papers or in any recent text in abelian groups. Any reduced group R can be embedded as a subgroup of a reduced cotorsion group with the quotient torsion free divisible. This can be done in the following way. Applying the Hom nd Ext functors to the short exact sequence Z Q Q/Z gets the short exact sequence


With the air flow of 150 L/(kg·h),asphalt was oxidated in the batch oxidation reactor at 200 ℃,220℃ and 240 ℃ respectively.The softening point and infrared spectra of the oxidated asphalt were tested.The softening point and reaction time were fitted by means of Lockwood model,and the relation of softening point and reaction time was obtained.The infrared spectra of the oxidated asphalt and the material asphalt were compared.The results show that the relation of softening point and reaction time follows the laws of overall first order kinetics.The area of oxidated asphalt carbonyl absorption peak increases greatly when the wavenumber equals 1 698.1 cm-1,and increases with reaction time.The mechanism of asphalt oxidation belongs to self-oxidation.The initiator of hydroperoxide is produced in process of reaction.The hydroperoxide decomposes and produces the alkoxy free radical.Finaly,the alkoxy free radical comes into being the carbonyl compound.


Background: Metaplastic breast cancers are considered a chemorefractory subset of triple negative breast cancers. Molecular profiling has demonstrated that metaplastic tumors are enriched for epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), frequently express myoepithelial differentiation, make up a component of the 'claudin-low' subtype, and harbor relatively high rates of mutations/activation of the PI3kinase pathway (Hennessy, Cancer Research, 2009; Prat, Breast Cancer Res, 2010). Methods: Data from pts with myoepithelial/metaplastic breast cancer treated within the Center for Targeted Therapy using regimens with known inhibitors of the PI3K pathway were evaluated to determine response to therapy. Mutational analyses were performed in archived tumor samples when available. Results: 23 pts have been treated using 6 different therapy regimens and one pt was treated on two separate clinical trials for a total of 24 analyzable outcomes. Patients were treated with liposomal doxorubicin, bevacizumab and the mTOR inhibitor, temsirolimus (DAT, n=17); liposomal doxorubicin and temsirolimus (DT, n=1); paclitaxel, bevacizumab and temsirolimus (TAT, n=3); paclitaxel and temsirolimus (TT, n=1), paclitaxel in combination with an experimental PI3K inhibitor (TEx, n=1), or temsirolimus alone (tem, n=1). Response was measured every two cycles using RECIST criteria. Most pts had received prior chemotherapy, median of 2 prior regimens (range 0–7). Three patients were not evaluated for response, one who died of pneumonia during cycle 2 (DAT) and two who have not yet completed 2 cycles of therapy (DAT, TEx). Response rate (CR+PR) was 35% (CR = 2, PR=4, SD≥6 months=2, SD Conclusion: Activating mutations in the PI3K pathway are common in metaplastic breast cancers, a tumor subtype that shares molecular features with claudin-low and mesenchymal/mesenchymal-stem cell like triple negative breast cancers. DAT has demonstrated activity in myoepithelial/metaplastic breast cancer including two durable CRs to therapy. This regimen should be explored in larger, randomized trials to test superiority to chemotherapy alone. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-20-09.


The present article introduces VLC for automotive applications using an image sensor. In particular, V2I-VLC and V2V-VLC are presented. While previous studies have documented the effectiveness of V2I and V2V communication using radio technology in terms of improving automotive safety, in the present article, we identify characteristics unique to image-sensor-based VLC as compared to radio wave technology. The two primary advantages of a VLC system are its line-of-sight feature and an image sensor that not only provides VLC functions, but also the potential vehicle safety applications made possible by image and video processing. Herein, we present two ongoing image-sensor-based V2I-VLC and V2VVLC projects. In the first, a transmitter using an LED array (which is assumed to be an LED traffic light) and a receiver using a high-framerate CMOS image sensor camera is introduced as a potential V2I-VLC system. For this system, real-time transmission of the audio signal has been confirmed through a field trial. In the second project, we introduce a newly developed CMOS image sensor capable of receiving highspeed optical signals and demonstrate its effectiveness through a V2V communication field trial. In experiments, due to the high-speed signal reception capability of the camera receiver using the developed image sensor, a data transmission rate of 10 Mb/s has been achieved, and image (320 × 240, color) reception has been confirmed together with simultaneous reception of various internal vehicle data, such as vehicle ID and speed.


[Objective] The research aimed to investigate the effects of the vegetation structure in jujube yard on the diversity pattern of enemy arthrods.[Method] The natural enemy arthrods were surveyed by selecting five points and applying random sampling method in two different types of jujube yards..[Result] The results showed that the dominance,abundance and individuals in the jujube yard intercropped with herbage were significantly more than those in the convenient jujube yard without herbage.The local dominant species were Chrysopidae,Syrphidae,Coreidae in two yards,and their number in the jujube yard intercropped with herbage was twice as much as those in the convenient jujube yard.However,the diversity index and evenness of enemy insects in the jujube yards intercropped with herbage were less than those in the convenient jujube yard without herbage.Furthermore,the diversity indices of enemy arthrods changed with seasonal change.There was difference about diversity indices in different jujube yard.[Conclusion] Herbages were intercropped with moderate weedes in jujube yard so that this measure could increase the diversity of natural enemies and foster the natural enemies of pests.


In order to fully express the charm of the fashion materials for sweaters,the combination of some usual methods of the texture design and the woolen sweater was studied.It is analyzed that how to utilize the features of the materials' texture to collocate the materials rationally by the combination of the entire style of fashion,the relations of color and the characteristic of the formation together.


The case of a girl with Melnick-Needles syndrome is reported. The face is characterized by prominent sopraorbital ridges, prominent eyes, full cheeks, large pinna, marked micrognathia, strabism, blue sclerae. Lateral and postero-anterior cephalometric measurements are presented and odontostomatologic features of the syndrome are described.


This article describes the implementation of the Teledentistry Project until the second semester of 2008. The project offers elearning to several dental health professionals working for local health agencies in the city of Belo Horizonte. The project resulted from a demand by the local health authority of the municipality of Belo Horizonte, the Belo Horizonte City Department of Health – SMSA/BH. The intention was to create a partnership with the Scholl of Dentistry at the Federal Universtiy of Minas Gerais. By establishing a virtual interaction between public dental health authorities and the university. The project aims: (1) To supply ongoing
(permanent) education to the team that delivers dental health public service to the citizens; (2) to gather relevant information among the service suppliers that will subsidize the discussion about professional education in the sector; (3) To test and improve the virtual learning methods in the sector; (4) to consolidate the concept of team work among the service suppliers. The results indicate that the project has been well accepted.


Ground penetrating radar(GPR) is an effective tool to detect mine.Ground penetr a ting radar target identification needs to distinguish mine and non-mine only,a nd support vector machines(SVM) can be used to two-class classification pr oblem in practice.This paper analyzed the characteristic of shallow subsurface G PR data,proposed a method of GPR target identification based on support vector m achines,and processed measurement data by using the proposed method in time sam p le,Fourier spectra,and discrete wavelet transform as feature data.The results of processing me asurement data show this method is effective.


The Effects of an Adolescent Apprenticeship Process in Environmental Education on the Development of Citizen Participation Characteristics in High School Seniors (September, 1982) Shirley Libby Griffin, B.S., Fitchburg State College M.Ed., Fitchburg State College, Ed.D., University of Massachusetts Directed by: Dr. Linda G. Lockwood Through an analysis and synthesis of various educational theories, this study documented those cognitive, affective and participatory characteristics most likely to enhance environmental citizen participation. Field research determined the effects of an action-oriented environmental education program (Adolescent Apprenticeship process) on the development of students' self-concept, locus of control, actual commitment to environment, and principled moral reasoning. Specifically, this study interrelated the cognitive theories of Bloom and Piaget, the affective theories of Krathwohl , Piaget and Kohl berg, and the environmental morality concepts suggested by Nash, Leopold and Krutch. Additional areas of analysis included: the relationship of educational theory to environmental ethics, a review of current citizen participation research, and a review of experiential education programs. A literature search revealed that action-oriented education programs, involving students in local community concerns are more likely to develop citizen participation characteristics. Utilizing the theoretical component of this study, an action-oriented program was designed viii for Oakmont Regional High School to enhance citizen participation characteristics. The field study used a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The experimental group and the control group were pretested and posttested for five variables. Data were collected using the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale, the I-E Scale, actual commitment to environment (Ecological Attitude Inventory), the Defining Issues Test, and the Environmental Issues Test. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, significance tests, gain scores and student evaluations. While the results showed no statistically significant changes in the experimental group's mean scores on four of the five variables, the individual posttest scores reflected positive changes. Written student evaluations suggested changes were due to participation in the Oakmont Adolescent Apprenticeship process.


Hypertension Still become problem health in groups elderly. Enhancement age often followed disease degenerative and problematic health in groups carry on age For That researcher interested do research entitled connection education health to knowledge elderly about method prevention hypertension in posyandu elderly Nagori Dusun Ulu, Ujung Padang District, Regency Simalungun 2022. Research this conducted in July -September 2022 with population as many as 198 people meanwhile sample used as many as 99 people with use formula from book Lemeshow with use technique simple random sampling. Research results this state that education health have connection to knowledge elderly in posyandu elderly Nagori Dusun Ulu, Ujung Padang District, Regency Simalungun In 2022, because the p value « 0.05. Expected can done upgrade knowledge cadres Integrated Healthcare Center elderly about hypertension and ways prevention as well as increase ability cadre in give counseling so that counseling to elderly more effective. educational institutions provide material Integrated Healthcare Center seniors who are one service health base through eye related courses with service Iansia Good integrally as well in a manner special case hypertension in the elderly and how prevention. Research results This as initial data for do study other about elderly with different variables.


The purpose of this study to describe assertive behavior of students before and after being given the group counseling with sociodrama techniques and whether group counseling with sociodrama techniques can improve student assertive behavior. This study includes into experimental research design with one group pretest-posttest design. Pretest and posttest in the form of assertive behavior scale. Samples were ten students of class IX with purposive random sampling technique sampling. Hypothesis testing using Wilcoxon test by comparing the smallest level of pre and posttest results, obtained results Tcount 0 < Ttable = 8, which means Ha accepted and Ho rejected. Results of this study are (1) the level of assertive behavior of students being with an average percentage of 40%. (2) 10 students has increased assertive behavior with an average percentage of 72%. Therefore, guidance and counseling teachers at school can use group counseling with sociodrama techniques to improve student assertive behavior.


Background Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels, especially Kv7 channels, are major potassium channels identified in vascular smooth muscle cells with a great, albeit differential functional impact in various vessels. Vascular smooth muscle Kv7 channels always coexist with other K channels, in particular with BK channels. BK channels differ in the extent to which they influence vascular contractility. Whether this difference also causes the variability in the functional impact of Kv7 channels is unknown. Therefore, this study addressed the hypothesis that the functional impact of Kv7 channels depends on BK channels. Experimental Approach Experiments were performed on young and adult rat gracilis and saphenous arteries using real-time PCR as well as pressure and wire myography. Key Results Several subfamily members of Kv7 (KCNQ) and BK channels were expressed in saphenous and gracilis arteries: the highest expression was observed for BKα, BKβ1 and KCNQ4. Arterial contractility was assessed with methoxamine-induced contractions and pressure-induced myogenic responses. In vessels of adult rats, inhibition of Kv7 channels or BK channels by XE991 or IBTX, respectively enhanced arterial contractility to a similar degree, whereas activation of Kv7 channels or BK channels by retigabine or NS19504, respectively reduced arterial contractility to a similar degree. Further, IBTX increased both the contractile effect of XE991 and the anticontractile effect of retigabine, whereas NS19504 reduced the effect of retigabine and impaired the effect of XE991. In vessels of young rats, inhibition of Kv7 channels by XE991 enhanced arterial contractility much stronger than inhibition of BK channels by IBTX, whereas activation of Kv7 by retigabine reduced arterial contractility to a greater extent than activation of BK channels by NS19504. Further, IBTX increased the anticontractile effect of retigabine but not the contractile effect of XE991, whereas NS19504 reduced the effect of retigabine and impaired the effect of XE991. Conclusion Kv7 and BK channels are expressed in young and adult rat arteries and function as negative feedback modulators in the regulation of contractility of these arteries. Importantly, BK channels govern the extent of functional impact of Kv7 channels. This effect depends on the relationship between the functional activities of BK and Kv7 channels.


The main purpose of this paper is to address the issue of crystallographic transitions related to magnetic/electronic phenomena in strongly correlated transition metal (TM) compounds in a regime of very high static density. The experimental tools used were: synchrotron X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy and electrical resistivity. We focus on the following cases: (i) high-spin to low-spin transition which could lead to a significant reduction of the TM ionic radii and therefore even a structural transition; (ii) sluggish structural phase transitions in antiferromagnetic insulators FeI2 and FeCl2 attributed to the onset of a Mott transition; (iii) volume dependence of the orbital term of the moment in FeI2 and FeCl2 resulting in its eventual collapse, which is accompanied by a significant lattice distortion; and (iv) pressure-induced metal–metal intervalence charge transfer in the antiferromagnetic Cu1+Fe3+O2 as a result of the increase in overlap of atomic orbitals.


In this paper, an ultra-wideband standard transducer based on microstrip line is developed for the accurate measurement and metrology of UWB-SP. The transducer consists of a section of microstrip line and a section of coaxial line connected to the microstrip line via an SMA connector. The initial part of the transducer is chosen to receive the excitation signal, in order to expand the effective time window. Simulated results show that the waveform recovered by the transducer is almost coincident with the waveform of the excited electric field within the effective time window, and the upper frequency of the bandwidth is up to 3.5GHz. Measured results show that the transducer can recover the waveform of the incident electric field very well. Additionally, the sensitivity and time window can be calibrated readily and accurately by the vector network analyzer as well as the UWB TEM cell. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical and simulated ones.


A real-time synthesis engine that models and predicts the timbre of acoustic instruments based on perceptual features is presented. The timbre characteristics and the mapping between control and timbre parameters are inferred from recorded musical data. In the synthesis step, timbre data is predicted based on new control data enabling applications such as synthesis and cross-synthesis of acoustic instruments and timbre morphing between instrument families. The system is fully implemented in the Max/MSP environment.


Once again, we pass through another anniversary year of 1968, offering a further opportunity to reflect on why that year is seared onto the collective memory, why it continues to resonate within the popular political and cultural imagination. The images of the Latin Quarter in Paris, hazy through the tear gas, or pictures of Soviet tanks being hemmed in by Czech protestors, or the harrowing frames taken just after Robert Kennedy's assassination, are as iconic as any in the post World War II p...


The influence of a Sn submonolayer on the growth mode of Ge on Si(001) during molecular-beam epitaxy has been studied by transmission-electron microscopy and reflection high-energy electron diffraction. It was found that Sn-mediated growth promotes Ge island formation, suggesting that Sn acts to enhance the surface mobility of Ge adatoms. It is pointed out that being able to uniformly cover and strongly segregate to the growing surface is necessary, but not sufficient, for a surfactant to effectively suppress Ge islanding on Si.


This text analyzes the system of administration corruption, and then discusses the present condition and the relation between administration corruption and system restriction in our country. On the basis of these, it also puts forward some ways to solve the problem of administration corruption.


The fluid-solid coupling model of the flexible beam with imbedded fluid has been established and investigated in this paper. The results of numerical simulation matched well with the experimental results, which proving this fluid-solid coupling validity and effectiveness. The shape of fluid free surface and the velocity of the fluid along exciting force direction commendably indicate the movement law of fluid and the characteristic of fluid-beam interaction, and explain the interior principle and validity of reducing vibration of the Interior Inlay Viscous Fluid Unit (IVFU) towards the flexible beam. Though compared the fluid force in different models, the fluid-solid coupling model has more persuasive and credibility compared with the pure hydrokinetics model.


The main objective of this study was to develop a brain injury criterion based on finite element (FE) computation of axon elongation. To achieve this objective a state‐of‐the‐art finite element head model with enhanced brain and skull material laws, was used for numerical computation of real world head traumas. No less than 109 well‐documented traumatic brain injury cases were simulated and axon elongation computed to derive brain injury tolerance curve. Based on statistical analysis of different intracerebral parameters (Von Mises stress, Von Mises strain and axonal strain) it was shown that axonal strain was the appropriate candidate parameter to predict diffuse axonal injury. The proposed brain injury tolerance limit for a 50% risk of diffuse axonal injury has been established at about 15% of axonal strain. Further head kinematics based metric: Head Injury Criterion has also been computed for all head trauma cases to compare its injury prediction capability with the axon strain based metric. This study provides a key step for a realistic injury metric for diffuse axonal injury.


Applying Artificial Intelligence (A.I.) to complex engineering problems is an increasing trend. The authors have been involved in researching and applying such AI techniques as data mining, induction, genetic algorithms, probabilistic nets, machine learning, to a complex non-deterministic engineering problem in the telecommunications domain. This has been implemented as a Knowledge Discovery architecture (NetExtract) which is generic in nature.


This work presents a back-tracking strategy for improving t he robustness of advancing-front algorithms for mesh generation in three-d imensional models. It can be observed, in many advancing-front based algorithms for thr ee dimensions, that a number of regions that can not be meshed is left after the mesh genera tion process, which stops the algorithms from converging. These regions are represented by polyhedra and are formed by elements of the current front, which are faces in three dim ensions. These regions are usually disconnected, since they are defined by adjacent ele ments that form a closed loop, and they can not be meshed, even with the insertion of additio nal new nodes. A back- tracking procedure is applied to all of these regions, in ord er to guarantee robustness in mesh generation. It is devised for three-dimensional cases , because this problem has no counterpart in two dimensions. Examples of generated meshe s using the back-tracking procedure are presented in order to validate the strategy pr oposed in this work.


The experiment was developed in two localities and its objective was evaluate the effect of different doses and times of application of a suplement fertilizer enriched with organic matter, silicon and microelements in the rice variety Fedearroz 50. The experimental design was completely at random with factorial of 2 doses (20 and 40 kgha -1 ) and 5 combinations of time and doses of application (100 % Preseed, 50 % Preseed + 50 % to Preflood, 100 % preflood, 50 % Preseed + 50 % midseason, 100 % to midseason) compared against a commercial witness (40 kg of SiO 2) and a productive witness. The applications in midseason of fertilizer generated an increase in the number of panicles. It was found that a bigger panicles number correlates with a smaller number of full spikes and a bigger vaining, although this it is minimized with early applications of the fertilizer and climatic factors. In Ibague, the suitable dose of fertilizer was 40 kg applied in midseason, with yields of 9270 kgha -1 ; whereas, in El Guamo the best result was obtained with 20 kg of fertilizer applied in preflood, with yield of 6906 kgha -1 .The mathematical model suggests that applications of 66.9 kgha -1 of the fertilizer for Ibague increased the production of rice on the average to 8876 kgha -1 .


The real threat to life on earth is pollution. According to google the top 10 reason of death is cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes mellitus, injury, stroke, chronic condition, accident, Alzheimer's disease, pneumonia, and respiratory diseases. Most of those are directly or partially connected with environmental pollution and the main reasons for the environmental pollution are the increase of CO2 or other gasses. The most significant reason for the increase of different gas into the environment is burning fuel. If we are able to reduce the amount of fuel burning then gas production rate will decrees. Bangladesh railway use power core power generation system for generating electricity for train compartments internal power requirement (compartments light, fan etc.). In this system, the fuel generator is used for power generation. Enormous fuel burning makes environment pollution. To this research, we try to develop an eco-friendly electricity generation system from the train wheel axle which can able to reduce some amount of fuel burning. We use here fuel generator and also build an alternator that rotor makes by train wheel axle. When train run then axle are rotating then we get rotating magnetic field and after rotor getting the certain speed we collect electricity from that source. Here, we make an auto controlling system for control voltage fluctuation and switching between two systems.


Received: 12 December 2019 Accepted: 26 February 2020 The spindle is one of the principle components in machine tools which provide accurate rotational motion to meet appropriate demands. If spindle rotation is not proper, the work piece obtained from that machine will also be inaccurate. In industrial applications, the spindle error motion is analyzed for understanding the performance of machine tools. The evaluation of either of the direction information is utilized for finding the dynamic error motion of the machine tools. The one direction motion information was used for evaluating error motion. In present work, instead of using one direction information, both data are used for analyzing the error motion. This has been done by extracting the spindle edge detail information from the captured sequential image using suitable edge detector. The subpixel level edge is obtained for removal of form error in artifacts. Both direction location of spindle has been utilized by converting the information from cartesian plane to the polar plane. The polar Fourier series is used to find the spindle error and further used to separate the synchronous, asynchronous and centering error motion. Thus finally, for different spindle speed, synchronous error obtained was in range of 4.65um to 7.02 um and asynchronous error as 12.48um to 21.90um.


Abstract Abstract Abstract Abstract Plasma cell tumours rarely involve the skull and central nervous system without evidence of a plasma cell dyscrasia at another site 1,2 . A 68-year-old man presented with left-sided diplopia. Radiological studies showed a huge mass in the clivus. The patient was treated with near total resection of the lesion followed by radiotherapy. Histological analysis showed a plasmacytoma for kappa light chains. A small peak IgG-k was noted on immunoelectrofixation, but no evidence of myeloma was found on complete blood count, skeletal survey and bone marrow examination. The few cases described in literature of plasmacytoma of the clivus suggested interest in the publication of this case.


Background The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease COVID 19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread rapidly around the globe during the past 3 months. As the virus infected cases and mortality rate of this disease is increasing exponentially, scientists and researchers all over the world are relentlessly working to understand this new virus along with possible treatment regimens by discovering active therapeutic agents and vaccines. So, there is an urgent requirement of new and effective medications that can treat the disease caused by SARS CoV 2. Methods and findings We perform the study of drugs that are already available in the market and being used for other diseases to accelerate clinical recovery, in other words repurposing of existing drugs. The vast complexity in drug design and protocols regarding clinical trials often prohibit developing various new drug combinations for this epidemic disease in a limited time. Recently, remarkable improvements in computational power coupled with advancements in Machine Learning (ML) technology have been utilized to revolutionize the drug development process. Consequently, a detailed study using ML for the repurposing of therapeutic agents is urgently required. Here, we report the ML model based on the Naive Bayes algorithm, which has an accuracy of around 73% to predict the drugs that could be used for the treatment of COVID-19. Our study predicts around ten FDA approved commercial drugs that can be used for repurposing. Among all, we suggest that the antiretroviral drug Atazanavir (DrugBank ID DB01072) would probably be one of the most effective drugs based on the selected criterions. Conclusions Our study can help clinical scientists in being more selective in identifying and testing the therapeutic agents for COVID 19 treatment. The ML based approach for drug discovery as reported here can be a futuristic smart drug designing strategy for community applications.


Three lots of hepatitis B-BBG combined vaccines were stored in 37, 25 and 4 ℃ and sampled at 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24 months' storage for testing and measurement of their HBsAg contents with ELISA respectively to study the changes of HBsAg and the immunogenicity of HBsAg's components in different conditions. The results showed that under 37 ℃ and 25 ℃ stored for 6 months, 4 ℃ stored for 2 years no obvious changes in HBsAg components, they were within qualified range. And guinea pigs vaccinated with combined vaccine under 37 ℃ stored for 6 months and under 4 ℃ stored for 2 years, there were no apparent immunogenicity changes in HBsAg components. Therefore, the stability of HBsAg in hepatitis B-BBG combined vaccine was good, and there were no obvious changes of its effects stored under 4 ℃ for 2 years.


In this paper the method of united determination on the AFS-2202a atomic fluorescence spectrometic is used to analyze trace As and Hg in surface land water and sea water. The experiment made a conclusion of reasonable and useful pre-treated method of water sample and applicable steps of determination ,and comprehensively asseted the lowest delection limit, the precision and the veracity.The results of the study show that the method is simple, rapid,less noise and high sensitivity. It's suitable for the united determination of As and Hg in surface land water and sea water, and it is practicable and applicable.


Introducing well-defined polymeric side chains to bisterpyridine coordination polymers enables the synthesis of materials with tailor-made optical and mechanical properties. The polymers are introduced either by a copper-catalyzed azidealkyne cycloaddition (grafting-onto) or an atom transfer radical polymerization (polymerization-from) method. The resulting metallopolymers exhibit improved solubility in common organic solvents and can, therefore, be inkjet-printed from chlorinated benzene solutions. The photophysical properties of the so-produced homogeneous films are investigated and a proof-of-principle polymer light-emitting device can be constructed.


Information is given in viewgraph form on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) validation experiments at McDonnell Aircraft Company. Topics covered include a high speed research model, a supersonic persistence fighter model, a generic fighter wing model, surface grids, force and moment predictions, surface pressure predictions, forebody models with 65 degree clipped delta wings, and the low aspect ratio wing/body experiment.


Sorption and dilation isotherms for argon in poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) are reported for pressures up to 50 atm over the temperature range 5–85°C. At temperatures below the glass transition (Tg=61°C), sorption isotherms are well described by the dual-mode sorption model; and isotherms above Tg follow Henry's law. However, isotherms for dilation due to sorption are linear in pressure at all temperatures over the range investigated. Partial molar volumes of Ar in PEMA are obtained from these isotherms. The volumes are approximately constant above Tg (about 40 cm3/mol), whereas the volumes below Tg are smaller and dependent on both temperature and concentration (19–26 cm3/mol). By analyzing the experimental data according to the dual-mode sorption and dilation model, the volume occupied by a dissolved Ar molecule and the mean size of microvoid in the glass are estimated to be 67 129 A3, respectively. The cohesive energy density of the polymer is also estimated as 61 cal/cm3 from the temperature dependence of the dual-mode parameters.


The article is devoted to topical issues of staffing support in the system of law enforcement agencies. Some conclusions based on the current legislation analysis and concerned with personnel training for law enforcement bodies are drawn.


Harold Frederic's The Damnation of Theron Ware recasts The Scarlet Letter as a Methodist minister's romance with Catholics and fin-de-siècle intellectual Catholicism. The Reverend Theron Ware is a liberal progressive Dimmesdale update, happily married at the novel's outset, who is assigned to a fundamentalist, anti-Catholic congregation yet comes increasingly under the spell of a trio of erudite, somewhat unorthodox Catholic leaders—one of whom, Celia Madden, the Hester Prynne update, is a single woman, seemingly independent yet Church-integrated, whose mastery of the organ and articulation of Continental aesthetics are all too provocative to be ignored. The resultant interplay between Theron's late-century Protestant dissipation and the edgy Catholicism of Celia and her erudite comrades (one priest, one scientist) is lit in knowing commentary—religious anthropology cum wicked irony—that hangs in the air long after Theron's hurtful sexploration comes to its merciful—mercy-filled, Angel-conducted—end. In The Damnation of Theron Ware, the Catholic-inspired, Catholic-tutored mythopoetics of Protestant self-consciousness take a mighty leap forward, in seeming lock-step with Henry Adams and in anticipation of such contemporary thinkers as Richard Rodriguez, Camille Paglia, and James T. Fisher. Religious wanderlust is seen to drive forbidden love at least as much as the original way around. And the narrative staging of Protestant wonderment and wanderlust, dramatized in terms of the Protestant-side tangle between its persisting Calvinism and emergent liberal pragmatism, takes a nasty 180-degree turn against itself, courtesy of its Catholic protagonists—though, really, of its Protestant author.


A Calculated Transport Format Combination (CTFC) provides efficient signalling of transport format combinations to be assigned TFCI values. A sequence of CTFCs is signalled from higher layers (30) to Node B (22) and the user equipment (UE) (20), where each CTFC in order is allocated a TFCI value. From the CTFC both Node B and the user equipment (UE) can determine the exact transport format combinations the TFCI values (used to communicate between Node B and UE) represent. The sequence of CTFC values includes only CTFC values for valid combinations of transport formats.


Olefin metathesis is a reaction which finds very important industrial applications in petrochemical intermediates, polymers and specialty chemicals . Among the heterogeneous catalysts, rhenium oxide dispersed over γ−alumina (Re2O7/Al2Ο3) proved to be very interesting, due to the high activity and selectivity under mild reaction conditions. Nevertheless, the catalytic activity increases quasiexponentially with the rhenium content and is unfortunately very low at low coverage. A promising route to improve the catalytic performance in the region of low rhenium loadings is the incorporation of other metal oxide as additives (such as V2O5, MoO3 and WO3 ). We observed a similar catalytic improvement pre-treating the γ−Al2O3 support with a transition metal chloride (TiCl4, FeCl3). In order to clarify the interaction of rhenium oxide with the support, we investigated the effect of additives on supported rhenium oxide catalysts. Comparing the FT-Raman spectra of the Re2O7/Al2O3 catalyst with and without additives, similar isolated monografted tri-oxo species were evidenced in both cases. Otherwise, in the modified Re2O7/Al2O3 catalyst a slight increase in the Re=O stretching barycentre toward higher frequencies was observed (fig. 1), indicating a reinforcement of the Re=O bond and reflecting an increase in acidity of the Re centres. With the aim of confirm this evidence, the catalysts were characterised by FT-IR spectroscopy of adsorbed pyridine, one of the most commonly used probe molecule to study the surface acidity of heterogeneous catalysts . A further increase in surface Lewis acidity with respect to the unmodified Re2O7/Al2O3 catalyst was in fact observed (fig. 2), confirming the determining role of Lewis acidity in promoting the catalytic activity of surface rhenium sites.


The temperate, generalized transducing phage ΦHD248 from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai (H-serotype 7) was shown previously to mediate transduction within subsp. aizawai and between subsp. aizawai and subsp. kurstaki (H-serotype 3a3b). Here it was found to have a broad host range, plating on 7 out of 14 H-serotypes tested. Cotransduction analysis using ΦHD248 revealed two linkage groups in H-serotype 7 : bio-2-his-2-met-1-cit-1-arg-2-lys-3 and trp-9-purC1-thi-1. Preliminary characterization of the ΦHD248 genome revealed a linear double-stranded DNA of 47.15 kb. A restriction site map is reported including a total of 10 sites for the enzymes BamHI, BglII, SalI and SstI Enzyme SalI was found to have a unique cleavage site which if not located in an essential region could be used as a cloning site. The ΦHD248 genome was also shown to lack cohesive ends and appears to have a partial circular permutation.


Methylsilsesquioxane (MSSQ) films were chemically modified by (i) the bulk incorporation of a short-chain polymer or (ii) surface treatment by an NH 3 plasma, and the effects of these modifications on elastic, plastic, and fracture properties were investigated. In (i), a copolymer of 10 mol % 1,2-bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane (BTMSE) and methyltrimethoxysilane was synthesized and cured to form an MSSQ:BTMSE copolymer film. In (ii), an NH 3 plasma treatment was applied to cured MSSQ films for 5, 15, 30, or 60 min. Films were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), IR spectroscopy, and ellipsometry. Depth-sensing indentation was used to determine plane strain modulus, E', and hardness, H. Indentation traces and SEM images of residual indentation damage were used to determine the threshold load for cracking, P c . The addition of BTMSE to MSSQ doubled E', H, and P c relative to MSSQ with a slight increase in relative dielectric constant, k, from 2.70 to 2.86. Apparent E' and H at the surface of plasma-treated films increased with plasma treatment time. IR spectroscopy indicated that improved properties resulted in (i) from increased organic and inorganic networking and in (ii) from the formation of a dense, largely inorganic, surface layer. Such chemical modifications may be used to improve the performance of organosilicates as low-k dielectrics in microelectronic interconnection structures.


The utility model discloses a 3D simulation turntable for flight attitudes of miniature unmanned helicopters, consisting of a base, outer frame component, middle frame component and inner frame component; the outer frame component is fixed in the base and moves around x-axis, the middle frame component is fixed in the outer frame component and moves around y-axis and the inner frame component is fixed in the middle frame and moves around z-axis; the 3D simulation turntable is the horizontal structure and can simulate 3D attitude of miniature unmanned helicopter flying in the air on the ground, real-time reproducing the heading angle, pitching angle and horizontal rolling angle of helicopters in flight, and can be tested repeatedly and evaluate all performance indexes of the flight control system, and meanwhile it also can test the working conditions for the airborne sensor carried by aircraft under the simulated flight conditions. It has the advantages of small size, simple structure, low cost, high precision, and convenient structure installation and commissioning, etc.


It is natural to ask if one can perform a computational task considerably faster by using a different architecture (i.e., a different computational model). The answer to this question is a resounding yes. A cute example is the Macaroni sort algorithm. We are given a set S = {s 1 ,. .. , s n } of n real numbers in the range (say) [1, 2]. We get a lot of Macaroni (this are longish and very narrow tubes of pasta), and cut the ith piece to be of length s i , for i = 1,. .. , n. Next, take all these pieces of pasta in your hand, make them stand up vertically, with their bottom end lying on a horizontal surface. Next, lower your handle till it hit the first (i.e., tallest) piece of pasta. Take it out, measure it height, write down its number, and continue in this fashion till you have extracted all the pieces of pasta. Clearly, this is a sorting algorithm that works in linear time. But we know that sorting takes Ω(n log n) time. Thus, this algorithm is much faster than the standard sorting algorithms. This faster algorithm was achieved by changing the computation model. We allowed new " strange " operations (cutting a piece of pasta into a certain length, picking the longest one in constant time, and measuring the length of a pasta piece in constant time). Using these operations we can sort in linear time. If this was all we can do with this approach, that would have only been a curiosity. However, interestingly enough, there are natural computation models which are considerably stronger than the standard model of computation. Indeed, consider the task of computing the output of the circuit on the right (here, the input is boolean values on the input wires on the left, and the output is the single output on the right). Clearly, this can be solved by ordering the gates in the " right " order (this can be done by topological sorting), and then computing the value of the gates one by one in this order, in such a way that a gate being computed knows the values arriving on its input wires. For the circuit above, this would require 8 units of time, since there are 8 gates. However, if you consider this circuit more carefully, one realized that we …


As of this writing, the middle of 2005, at least fifteen countries have instituted obligatory legal measures de legitimating all corporal punishment of children. Of the fifteen nations, fourteen have forbidden corporal punishment by statute and Israel has done so by a judicial decision that is binding precedent across the land. Although there are no enactments in the Civil Code expressly forbidding corporal punishment of children in schools or other child care institutions, it is understood that corporal punishment is taboo in these venues by virtue of the existence of the Penal Code provision criminalizing assaults. Sweden also has repudiated judicially imposed corporal punishment of children. Israel outlawed all corporal punishment of children in State of Israel v. Plonit, a decision rendered in January 2000 by the Israeli Supreme Court.Keywords: corporal punishment of children; Israeli supreme court; judicial decisions; penal code provision


Human capital value includes utilizable value and scarcity value. It is the established basis of the property right of human capital, which human capital value will go up along with the development of economic mould and the strongly positive externality of human capital. To move forward the formation and effective utilization of human capital, an effective system of human capital should be built as soon as possible, at the same time the property right system of substance capital is reforming in China. It is the important premises to implement the modernization goal and catch up with and surpass the developed countries in knowledge economy era.


Lucy Mae San Pablo Burns, who joined the Department of Asian American Studies at UCLA in 2005, recently received a CSW Faculty Development Grant to support her research for "Puro Arte: On the Filipino Performing Body."


Introduction: Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children world-wide with the highest incidence in the economically transitioning countries like Eritrea. It kills more children than AIDS, malaria, and measles combined. Therefore, identifying the real and actual contributing factors of acute diarrhea in these population is of a great need. Objective: To determine the contributing factors associated with acute gastroenteritis among children less than five years in Orotta Pediatric National Referral Hospitalfrom 1st May to 30th June 2016. Methodology: A hospital‐based qualitative retrospective case–control study was done with N= 160, 80 cases and 80 controls of children who were admitted in the outpatient department of OPNRH. The data was gathered from the children health records and by interviewing the care givers of the children using objectively structured questionnaire. Collected data was entered in SPSS version 20 and analysis was performed with appropriate statistical tools like Chi‐square test and odds ratio to determine the significant associations. Results: A total of N= 160 children, 80 cases and 80 controls were enrolled in the study. Significant associations were found with child age, maternal age, washing breast before feeding the child, public latrine utilization, hand washing practice of mothers, storage of cooked food, and buying food from street vendors. Conclusion and recommendation: From this study we identified the contributing factors of acute diarrhea to be private or public latrine ownership, hand washing practices of mothers, storage of cooked foodand buying food from street vendors.Therefore,this study recommends that more emphasis should be given on sanitation practices (hand washing, food storage, and usage of latrines) and safety of purchased food from street vendors should be reassured.


This study investigates the fouling mechanism in ultrafiltration membrane during separation of betacyanin from Hylocereus Polyrhizus extract. The Resistance-In-Series Model was used to identify the responsible hydraulic resistance. The resistance against the flux was assumed to be comprised as membrane hydraulic, adsorption, pore plugging and fouling resistance. The profile of total resistance and corresponding flux decline were calculated and compared with the experimental data. The result showed that the adsorption resistance (Rad) was the main contributed the rate of flux decline. Moreover the significant organic fouling that contribute during betacyanin separation revealed that the fouling potential was Rad >Rpp > RF. the measured flux recovery of filtration betacyanin production was 65%.


Various publications have shown the considerable potential of flow control to enhance the aerodynamic performance of aircraft. However, for its industrial application the overall benefit is crucial which does not only take into account aerodynamic characteristics but also system implementation, structural integration and operational aspects. In this contribution we investigate to what extent active flow control at trailing edge flaps can be used to increase the highlift performance of a civil transport aircraft. The objective is to achieve the same maximum lift at landing with a less complex and lighter highlift system. For this application scenario different system architectures are developed and a structural integration into the flap is worked out. The evaluation of these concepts considers real aircraft constraints and requirements. The most promising concepts are studied in normal operation and off-operation conditions within dedicated system ground tests. The related results are thoroughly discussed in this work.


This essay proposes a brief theoretical analysis on the relationship of international capital mobility and economic growth observed from the standpoint of demand-led growth. First of all, we briefly evoke the central propositions that constitute this so-called demand-led conception. Following, we review the balance-of-payments constrained growth model, as originally proposed by Thirlwall (1979), as well as subsequent efforts to incorporate capital flows in this analytical framework. Building on this theoretical structure, a model is proposed in order to study the connections between foreign exchange constr


During 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 fishing seasons,Antarctic krill Euphausia superba Dana from the south Atlantic Ocean was harvested by Chinese commercial fishery vessels in the CCAMLR subarea 48.1 near the South Shetland Islands and CCAMLR subarea 48.2 near the South Orkney Islands,respectively.The length-frequency and sex ratio of krill collected in both fishing seasons were analyzed to estimate its growth,age structure,and evaluate potential temporal-spatial variations of its spawning season.Based on the results of length-frequency fitting mixture distribution,five age groups(1+~5+) were observed in the krill population.The age structure and sex ratio of krill varied in the two fishing seasons and subareas.In the waters near the South Shetland Islands of subarea 48.1,E.superba population was dominanted by individuals at age 5+ in January,2010 and December,2011.In the two months,gravid female were abundant and consisted over 40 percent of all krill numbers.Gravid females were between age 3+~5+ and dominated by those of age 5+.In contrast,in the waters near the South Orkney Islands of the subarea 48.2,E.superba population was still dominated by individuals of age 5+ in February,2010,yet subsequently by those of age 3+ in February,March and April,2011.Although gravid females of age 5+ were observed,their proportions decreased only about 15% in February,2010 and less than 1% from February to April,2011.Monthly observation during February,March and April,2011 showed that it tended to be fewer gravid individuals,more unimodal age structure and increased sex ratio.In addition,the krill growth rate decreased with month and was negative value in March and April.Based on the above results,it could be inferred that in subarea 48.2,E.superba spawning peak in 2010/2011 fishing season should be earlier than February,2011,while spawning remained in that month of 2009/2010 fishing season.


This paper describes a system for separating a musical stream into sections having different textural qualities. This system translates several contemporary approaches to video texture analysis, creating a novel approach in the realm of audio and music. We first represent the signal as a set of mode functions by way of the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) technique for time/frequency analysis, before expressing the dynamics of these modes as a linear dynamical system (LDS). We utilize both linear and nonlinear techniques in order to learn the system dynamics, which leads to a successful separation of the audio in time and frequency.


Delirium presents as a reversible, fluctuating, altered state of consciousness that leads to an increase in length of hospital stay, a decline in the functional and cognitive status, and increased mortality rates. There are many risk factors and predisposing conditions, and the onset of delirium is thought to be multifactorial. Delirium remains the most common complication of hospitalized older adults. The Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) is one of the assessment tools available to diagnose delirium, and has been implemented at the study hospital. The goal of this quality improvement project is to determine the effectiveness of interventions set forth in the Nurse-Led Delirium Protocol (NLDP) at the study hospital. A comprehensive review of 259 charts tracked the CAM scores before and after implementation of the interventions, and the data was analyzed to determine the effectiveness. Analysis of data suggests that the implementation of the interventions set forth in NLDP lead to a decrease in the proportion of patients that test positive for delirium when assessed utilizing the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM). Because of this finding, the continued use of the NLDP for management of delirious patients is supported. A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE NLDP 3


The American system of raising campaign funds does not conform to democratic theory. Money itself has qualities which distinguish it from other kinds of political resources. Few Americans contribute; those that do are disporportionately drawn from the upper socioeconomic classes; and big givers and special interests dominate cam paign financing. Equal citizen influence in politics is thwarted by these patterns. Although most individual and group con tributions divide along the same class and policy lines as divide the two major parties, there are many switch-givers who seek advantages by giving to either party or both. Con tributions tend to flow more readily to executive office candi dates, to powerful congressional figures, to incumbents, to close districts, and perhaps to ideological candidates. Wealthy contenders also have an edge. These imbalances diminish vigorous competitive campaigning, which is necessary to alert citizens to their choices in a democracy. Sweeping con gressional reforms in 1971 and 1974 probably reduce the influence of big contributors and broaden citizen participa tion through the income tax check-off. But they do not address other failures of the campaign financing system, and they may create new imbalances and inequalities of their own.


By analyzing the characteristics of communicative approach and grammar-translation method as well as their individual advantages and disadvantages in English teaching, the paper brings forward that the best method to take in teaching college English now is the integration of these two teaching approaches and emphasizes the necessity of this integration from the facets of teaching purpose, teaching objects and teachers, etc. On this basis, the author sums up some problems met in practice, and at the same time offers relevant solutions.


In Reinforcement Learning (RL), state-of-the-art algorithms require a large number of samples per state-action pair to estimate the transition kernel p. In many problems, a good approximation of p is not needed. For instance, if from one state-action pair (s, a), one can only transit to states with the same value, learning p(· |s, a) accurately is irrelevant (only its support matters). This paper aims at capturing such behavior by defining a novel hardness measure for Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) based on what we call the distribution-norm. The distribution-norm w.r.t. a measure v is defined on zero v-mean functions f by the standard variation of f with respect to v. We first provide a concentration inequality for the dual of the distribution-norm. This allows us to replace the problem-free, loose ‖ · ‖1 concentration inequalities used in most previous analysis of RL algorithms, with a tighter problem-dependent hardness measure. We then show that several common RL benchmarks have low hardness when measured using the new norm. The distribution-norm captures finer properties than the number of states or the diameter and can be used to assess the difficulty of MDPs.


In an earlier study (Sackey 1999), I observed that as biomedical health delivery' services in Ghana become more technologically sophisticated as a result of increased global interaction, the cultural construction of disease and recourse to alternative and more familiar health delivery options also become more prominent. This presentation also seeks to use a cultural approach specifically to repackage traditional puberty rites in the combat against HIV/AIDS. Abstinence, which is being emphasized in the campaign against HIV/AIDS, featured prominently. The rites at puberty, a period in which boys and girls were formally educated in African traditional societies. The rites however, with the exception of few areas in the country, were proscribed as a result of social transformations, particularly with the advent of Christianity and Western education. Of late, there has been a concerted public outcry by religious groups, chiefs, public officials and individuals for the restoration of puberty rites arguing that their abolition has created a vacuum in the moral lives of the youth as manifested in sexual laxity and associated problems of teenage pregnancy and spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and HIV/AIDS. For example Ghana's Vice-President Aliu Manama is quoted to have said that, "We need to weed a path for our old moral virtues of responsible sexual behaviour to stem the tide of HIV/AIDS which is threatening to undermine the growth of this nation by attacking especially its youth who are the nation's most productive resource" (Daily Graphic, August 6, 2001: 17). Asamoah (2001: 3) laments the moral laxity of the youth. He thinks the vulnerability of the youth to HIV/AIDS is because of their "inability to control themselves of their sexual drive when they experience it". He therefore challenged people in the realm of psychology, religion, philosophy, preachers of the gospel, and lecturers, among others, to come up with ways to help the youth control their sexual drive. But for the practice of female genital mutilation, incision, scarification and nudity accompanying the rites in some African societies, puberty rites were extremely beneficial and educative. I propose that aspects of traditional puberty rites in Ghana that deal with positive cultural values be resuscitated while irrelevant and archaic customs be left out. I contend that puberty rites can be used as an important tool against HIV/AIDS because in traditional society adolescents who had not yet gone through the rites were not permitted to become sexually active.


Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a medical treatment using a photosensitizing agent and light source to treat cancers. Pyropheophorbidea methyl ester (MPPa), a derivative of chlorophyll, is a novel potent photosensitizer. To learn more about this photosensitizer, we examined the cell cycle arrest in MDA-MB-231. Cell cycle and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometer. Checkpoints of the cell cycle were measured by western blot. In this study, we found that the expression of Cyclin D1 was obviously decreased, while the expression of Chk2 and P21 was increased after PDT treatment. This study showed that MPPa-PDT affected the checkpoints of the cell cycle and led the cells to apoptosis.


We summarize salient results fro ma comprehensiv ea nalysi so ft he optical spectra of a larg es ampl eo fh elium-lin eD Ba nd DB Aw hite dwar fs tars.


The article presents the results of a quantitative-qualitative study and establishes how emotional activation of elementary school students who took part in non-formal education classes occurs. The study involved a target population of 1,496 elementary school students from the Subcarpathian region, from which, the study population of 536 elementary school students was drawn. The main research method was the diagnostic survey method, in which the technique was a survey and the tool was a survey questionnaire. The research was based on five characteristics of non-formal education, which was characterized based on the subject matter of the classes held, the teacher-student relationship, motivation to learn, the use of information and communication technologies, as well as the acquisition of practical skills. Based on the research, it can be concluded that emotional activation of students participating in non-formal education classes occurs only in the form of positive emotions, i.e. ecstasy, joy, trust. It can also be concluded that the isolated scopes of emotional activation of students had the highest degree of emotional activation in the context of information and communication technologies, as well as the development of practical skills.


Tapioca Sago is known as sago (sabudana in hindi or javvarishi in tamil) in India. It is a product, prepared from the milk of Tapioca Root. Its Botanical source is "Manihot Esculenta Crantz Syn. Utilissima" belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae. It is a good source of proteins, carbohydrate, iron, calcium, folic acid, vitamin B, and contains low levels of potassium, copper etc. The health benefits of Tapioca sago include weight gain, low blood pressure, improved digestion, fight fatigue, increased bone mineral density, fastens muscle growth, improves nerve function, reduced neural tube defects, and increased blood circulation [1-3].


The COVID-19 outbreak had a negative impact on psychological status among elderly subjects, negatively affecting their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Psychological factors that promote resilience might beneficially contribute also to promoting a better HRQoL among elderly subjects. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the contribution of dispositional optimism and expressive flexibility on the HRQoL of elderly outpatients during the COVID-19 outbreak. The outpatients were recruited from October 2018 to October 2019, and then followed-up during April 2020, by evaluating their HRQoL. The baseline sample consisted of 141 elderly outpatients (mean age 80.31 ± 6.84 years); the final number of outpatients included in the follow-up evaluation was 104 (mean age 80.26 ± 6.39). Univariate and multivariate linear regressions were developed to explore significant associations with the physical and mental component of HRQoL. Baseline dispositional optimism was a predictor of the mental component of HRQoL at follow-up; the flexible suppression of emotional expression was a predictor of the physical component of HRQoL at follow-up. From a psychogeriatric perspective, the accurate assessment of psychological factors, such as dispositional optimism and expressive flexibility, might help physicians and psychologists to recognize additional patients' vulnerabilities during the current emergency.


Introduction: In search of a new profile for the physiotherapist, there is a need to reformulate the formation of professional physiotherapists that meet the new demand. Thus, this study seeks support on assumptions of interdisciplinarity in the organization of knowledge and the development of practices and actions that seek comprehensiveness in health care between the faculty of the physical therapy course at an international and private university, here studied, by means of a competency based curriculum. Objective: To identify the sorrows and delights of the deployment of a competency based curriculum in Physical Therapy course, guided by integrality. Methods: In this course, we use the method Research‑Action as a strategy for the investigation of the effectiveness of the deployment of the integrated curriculum and the actors involved on this study were professors (core) from a course of Physiotherapy in international and private University. Results: During the deployment process of the curriculum was possible to understand that a competency based curriculum is flexible, allows changes, according to the current needs. Conclusion: It is concluded that an integrated curriculum allows always new insertions, and is possible, as well, to listen and to empower teachers in this process because they are essential to the success in the deployment of a competency based curriculum.


Abstract A method is described for the use of molten salts as an eluent for thin-layer chromatography of inorganic ions. The separation of some post-transition metal ions can be successfully accomplished through the use of alkali metal nitrate eutectic melts. The mechanism of separation appears to be one of cation exchange with the silica gel used as the adsorbent. By appropriate use of the various alkali metal cations of the nitrate eutectics and the using of complexing anions, such as chloride, cyanide, and thio-cyanate, most mixtures of these metal ions could be resolved. A possible application of the technique could be in the separation and identification of chemical species that are unstable at room temperature but are stable in molten salts or at higher temperatures.


Abstract : It is shown that the entire Fermi surface can be mapped by using geometric resonances in the sound attenuation in tilted magnetic fields and the drift velocity of the carriers along the magnetic field simultaneously determined. The general features of the phenomena considered do not prove dependent on the particular models used in our calculations. In addition to the results specifically pertaining to tilted fields, when the assumptions of equal effective masses and relaxation times are dropped for a two band model of a semi-metal, the contribution of the two types of carriers to the ultrasonic absorption is additive. On examining the contribution to the absorption for a model of majority and minority carriers, the minority carriers dominate the attenuation when they are in the region of geometric resonances. (Author)


Objective To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of dasatinib in doses of 140 mg once daily and 70 mg twice daily for chronic myeloid leukemia(CML).Methods The randomized controlled trials(RCTs) were retrieved from Embase(1974 to November 2011),Pubmed(1966 to November 2011),The Cochrane Library(Issue 11,2011),CBM(1979 to November 2011),VIP(1989 to November 2011),CNKI(1994 to November 2011),Wanfang Data(1997 to November 2011) and references listed in all articles.RCTs meeting inclusive criteria were included,the data were extracted,the quality was evaluated and cross-checked by two reviewers independently according to Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions,and then meta-analyses were conducted using RevMan 5.1 software.Results A total of four studies involving two RCTs and 862 patients were included.Results of meta-analyses showed that when dasatinib was used in the long-term treatment of CML,no significant difference was found between 140 mg once daily and 70 mg twice daily in the complete hematologic response(RR=0.97,95%CI 0.88 to 1.07,P=0.58),complete cytogenetic response(RR=0.94,95%CI 0.80 to 1.11,P=0.47) and major cytogenetic response(RR=0.99,95%CI 0.86 to 1.13,P=0.86).In the short-term treatment of CML,there were no significant differences in the complete hematologic response(RR=0.99,95%CI 0.90 to 1.07,P=0.73),complete cytogenetic response(RR=0.99,95%CI 0.78 to 1.26,P=0.95) and major cytogenetic response(RR=1.01,95%CI 0.83 to 1.22,P=0.95).The subgroup analyses on the long-term treatment of CML in both chronic phase and advanced phase showed that there were no significant differences in the complete hematologic response,major cytogenetic response and complete cytogenetic response.Conclusion In the effectiveness of dasatinib for CML,the dose of 140 mg once daily is similar to the dose of 70 mg twice daily.Considering possible moderate selection bias existing in the methodological quality of the included studies which may affect the authenticity of outcomes,this conclusion should be further proved by conducting more high-quality,large-scale and double-blinded RCTs.


The synthesis and characterisation of cationic bis-(π-allyl) or -(π-2-methylallyl) complexes [M(all)2L2]BF4(M = Rh or Ir; L = phosphine, phosphites, arsine, pyridines, and MeCN), and of the neutral complexes [M(all)2(tpl)](M = Rh or Ir; tpl = tropolonate) and [Rh(all)2(pyc)](pyc = pyridine-2-carboxylate) is described. 1H N.m.r. spectra of these complexes show that two equivalently bonded π-allyl ligands are asymmetrically bonded to each metal atom. The dynamic behaviour of these complexes in solution has been studied by variable-temperature 1H n.m.r. spectroscopy. In the case of the cationic complexes it is concluded that a left-to-right exchange process occurs via initial dissociation of a neutral ligand (L) followed by Berry pseudo-rotation of the resultant five-co-ordinate species. The neutral complexes undergo left-to-right exchange and concomitant syn–anti-exchange via rupture of a metal–carbon bond.


We report on a new generation of laser scanners and their utilization with a 24 kW CW laser at BPP 4 mm*mrad equipped with BrightLine Weld beam shaping functionality. Herewith, excellent weld seam quality, large welding depth, high welding speed and a large working distance are achieved. Those advantages are demonstrated with application results involving keyhole welding of copper.


Today cyberspace is developing tremendously, and the Intrusion Detection System (IDS) plays a key role in information security. The IDS, which operates at the network and host levels, should be able to identify various malicious attacks. The job of network-based IDSs is to distinguish between normal and malicious traffic data and trigger an alert in the event of an attack. In addition to traditional signature-based and anomaly-based approaches, many researchers have used various deep learning (DL) techniques to detect intruders, as DL models are capable of automatically extracting salient features from the input data packets. The application of the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), which is often used to solve research problems in the visual and visual fields, is not much explored for IDS. In this research work the proposed model for intrusion detection is based on feature selection and reduction using CNN and classification using random forest. As compared to some existing work the proposed algorithm proves its efficiency in terms of high accuracy and high detection rate.


The East Asian Library at the University of Minnesota opened its door to the public in October 1965. At that time it had 18,650 volumes, and was staffed with one professional librarian, one consultant, one senior clerk, and one student assistant. It had its own room with its own point of Reference and Circulation Services and operated as a separate unit in the main library building. One may wonder how this tiny collection could be equipped, staffed, and organized in such a fashion that fit a much large library. What made the organization possible and why is the collection size still as slim as 144,760 volumes in 2006? What has happened to the library? This paper is written to address these questions by tracing the history of its establishment, development, and collections. The materials used in this study are primarily archival materials, unpublished manuscripts, and personal interviews.


Fluidity is the basic foundry property. The fluidity of AlSi alloy in real condition with computer simulation were compared. In this test was used two types of molds: horizontal molds with tree canals and vertical molds with six canals wich had different diameter (4,5; 6,5; 8,5; 10,5; 12 and 14 mm). As experimental material was used AlSi10MgMn (EN 1706) alloy. Range of pouring temperature was between 605°C to 830°C. NovaFlow&Solid soft commercial software package was used for numerically simulating the fluid flow of molten metal. The model of fluidity test was created by CAD system CATIA V5 R19. Measurement systems analysis (MSA), the analysis of the variance (ANOVA), t-test and the analysis of correlation were used for the evaluation. Youden plot was used for evaluation of the impact of operators on the errors. Values of fluidity for each temperature level obtained by the horizontal mold have a high degree of agreement with those obtained by computer simulation. On the contrary, the values, obtained by the vertical mold are more sensitive to the operator. This fact caused the match between the simulation and a practical experiment is only partial.


Free silver ions (Ag+) in the solution exhibit enhanced photocatalytic dechlorination processes of organic chloride over copper phenylacetylene (PhC2Cu) under visible light irradiation, including 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol...


Worldwide climate protection suffered another serious set-back last year. According to preliminary estimates, energy-induced emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) - the most important greenhouse gas by far - increased by approx. 4.5% on a worldwide basis in 2004 in comparison to the previous year; compared to 1990, the increase amounted to more than one fourth. For the total greenhouse gas emissions, only information on those countries committing to emission limitation or reduction according to the Kyoto Protocol is available (Annex B countries without USA and Australia). In those countries, greenhouse gas emissions rose by an estimated 1% in the past year. In comparison to the base year 1990, in 2004 they were lower by almost 15%. This was basically a consequence of the drastic emission reduction in the so-called transformation countries (Economies in Transition) in Central and Eastern Europe (1990 to 2004: 35%); however, starting in 1998, a considerable emission increase occurred again in those countries (1998 to 2004: an increase of approx. 10%). All things considered, a measurable success in international climate protection policy is still missing _ instead of the targeted reduction, greenhouse gas emissions continued to rise in most of the countries. Upon the Kyoto Protocol becoming effective as of February 2005, those countries that ratified the Protocol now have the binding obligation to reach the promised emission target by the commitment period 2008/2012. For the majority of the countries, this will only be possible with materially intensified climate protection measures within the relatively short remaining time. In EU countries, emissions trading can make a significant contribution. However, a prerequisite therefore is the corresponding specification in the allocation plans still to be prepared for the commitment period 2008/2012.


ABSTRACT Selective anion sensors can be used in the colourimetric detection of certain anions. In the present study, two new 1,2,4-triazole derivatives containing thiol group and azo moiety 3a (nitrile derivative) and 3b (methoxy derivative) were synthesised by condensation of 4-(4-amino-5-mercapto-4 H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenol (1) and aromatic aldehydes containing azo groups 2a and 2b under acidic conditions. The nitrile derivative 3a acted as a selective naked-eye sensor for acetate anions in a mixture of dimethyl sulphoxide and water (9:1 by volume). It interacted with the acetate anions in a 1:2 stoichiometry with strong positive cooperativity and an overall association constant (β12) exceeding 2 × 108 M−2. The detection limit of 3a towards the acetate anion was found to be 0.66 × 10−5 M. The DFT studies showed that both 3a and 3b were similar in their electronic properties, but the internal charge transfer for 3a was responsible for the positive response to acetate anions. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Lithium is considered a borderline strategically important metal for the UK due to the limited availability of primary deposits, of sufficient grade, for economic processing (Naden, 2012). The rising demand, of approximately 10% yearly, has promulgated investigations for the development of secondary sources of lithium in order to secure long term reserves for the UK and Europe (Jaskula, 2015).
The British Geological Survey (1987) estimated that the St Austell granite contained up to 3.3 million tonnes of recoverable lithium. Imerys Ltd also identified lithium-bearing mineral in their kaolin waste material in Beauvoir, containing up to 0.89 wt.% Li2O. The lithium-bearing minerals identified were; lepidolite (K(Li,Al)3(Si,Al)4O10(F,OH)2) and zinnwaldite (KLiFeAl(AlSi3)O10(F,OH)2), which can contain between 3.0 to 7.7 wt.% Li2O and 2.0 to 5.0 wt.% Li2O, respectively (Garrett, 2004).
Lithium flotation concentrates containing up to 5.0 wt.% Li2O were optimised for the Beauvoir waste material with up to 80% lithium recoveries, whereas a lower flotation grade of 0.5 wt.% Li2O was found for the St Austell material. The St Austell waste materials did not prove viable to process via conventional flotation routes hence a novel process route for the bio-recovery of lithium from lithium rich micas was developed. Extraction of lithium by bioleaching has demonstrated the ability of fungi, of Aspergillus niger group, to leach lithium from the lepidolite in significant quantity, achieving 125mg/L of lithium in solution after twelve weeks of bio-leaching, at a recovery of 45%. Following this research, Imerys are applying to build a pilot plant, securing funding through the Innovative UK grant.


The nature of publicity is a real of value that has long been covered by certain supposition.Contemporary movie and television art highlights the existence meaning of publicity more and more.In the paper it is revealed that all supposition such as assumption of society structure,fictitious value,extension of the self is not reasonable,and think that the real of publicity of movie and television art have its standard of value,namely:subjective desire should be provided with creation idea of expression mechanisms,value concept of the public should form reasonable trend,integration of individual opinion with public opinion should attain the usefulness effectively.


Muslims captured vast lands following the early conquests by the Prophet and first caliphs, extending their control beyond the Arabian Peninsula. They accommodated the local social, administrative, and cultural heritage in order to take control over the region. Just like all civilizational "interactions," certain practices remained similar to their earlier instantiations. One of these practices was the system of jund, which was applied following the conquest of Bilād al-Shām (Greater Syria). Jund (pl. ajnād), literally meaning "army—military districts," described military-administrative districts established in Bilād al-Shām (a region covering from Syria, Jordan, Palestine, Lebanon and southern Turkey) in early Islamic history. Looking at administrative reforms in Bilād al-Shām before the Islamic conquests, the system initiated by Roman Emperor Diocletian (284-305) prevailed in the east of the empire until the 6th century. This administrative structure, also called Dioecesis Orientis (Eastern Provinces) and made up of eleven provinces at the eastern border of the Byzantine empire, survived until the end of the 6th century and was replaced by another military-administrative structure called thema. It is still debated where in Byzantine lands these themas were established, supposedly initiated by Emperor Heraclius (610-641). When looking at the conditions of Bilād al-Shām before the Islamic conquests, it appears that the Byzantines reestablished control over the region by defeating the Sasanians at the Battle of Nineveh. The region came under control of the Muslims through military conquests. After these conquests, Muslims initiated a new military and administrative structure called jund. The junds were established first in Jordan, Palestine, Damascus, and Homs. The Umayyads added to these a fifth jund in Qinnasrin. The jund divisions, which seems to have existed only in Bilād al-Shām under Muslim rule, underwent some transformations by the establishment of 'awāṣim and thughūr cities by the Abbasids. The junds of Bilād al-Shām began to dissolve in time—especially due to the turmoil caused by the Crusades—and this system was abandoned. This study focuses on the origins and formation of junds as well as on the Byzantine influence in their establishments. It first examines the kinds of administrative systems that were applied in Byzantine Bilād al-Shām. Then, it reviews the information provided in primary sources about the process of the formation of the jund system. It brings together accounts in Balādhurī, who was the first author relaying the formation and transformation of the junds, and other works on geography penned by Muslims. It provides an overview of the junds' administrative structures (such as changes in time, subdistricts, and capitals) and on economic structures (like annual tax resources both in kind and in cash and the coin known as jundī etc.). In addition, it includes tables comparing amounts of taxes varying by different geographic districts in Bilād al-Shām. Moreover, it also seeks answer to the question whether the jund system was an administrative district formed first by Muslims or inspired by previous Byzantine examples. Modern historians discuss whether the jund system in Bilād al-Shām was a Muslim invention or a continuation of the Byzantine administrative system. Although some argue that the Diocletian system existed in Bilād al-Shām before the Muslim conquests, it is worth noting that Irfan Shadid, a specialist on Arab-Byzantine relations, underlined the existence of quadripartite division formed by Heraclius, as he called it "unfinished Byzantine themas." According to him, between the Battle of Nineveh in 628 (ending Sasanian control in Bilād al-Shām) and the Battle of Yarmuk in 636 (in which the Byzantines lost control in Bilād al-Shām), Heraclius established a quadripartite system. The four junds that formed after the Muslim conquests (Jordan, Palestine, Damascus and Homs) were actually a continuation of the prior system (and later the fifth jund would be established in Qinnasrin). My research in this paper adopts this argument, because it seems to have stronger historical basis. Therefore, the details of this perspective supporting the Byzantine origins of the junds of Bilād al-Shām seems to have qualitatively and quantitatively solid ground. Ultimately, the study argues that the junds shared many common aspects with previous Byzantine systems and thus stood largely as a continuation of these previous systems.


High-torque permanent magnet synchronous electric motors (HPMSM) are widely used in many industries due to their minimum weight and size parameters, low vibrations and high efficiency at maximum torque. A special effect from the use of HPMSM can be achieved in the aerospace industry as electric motors for various executive units, for example, a flap drive, slats or elevators.  The purpose of this work is to make experimental studies and research using the finite element method of the characteristics and parameters of HPMSM with magnetic cores of ALM with more than 6 slots, created according to the technology developed by the authors for manufacturing magnetic cores of ALM. This article considers the experimental studies that have been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and features of the ALM application in HPMSM. In order to assess the effectiveness of using ALM HPMSM with a magnetic core made of ALM, it is compared with a similar HPMSM, whose magnetic core is made of electrotechnical steel. A multi-polar HPMSM with a fractional toothed winding is considered. The research results show the possibility of creating HPMSM with magnetic cores of ALM and the effectiveness of using ALM in HPMSM has been proven.


computing offered by uniprocessors and symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) systems to multinode, highly available and scalable systems, called clusters. The TruCluster multicomputer system for the Digital UNIX environment is the latest cluster product from Digital Equipment Corporation. In this paper, we discuss our test and results on a four-node AlphaServer 8400 5/350 TruCluster configuration supporting the Oracle Parallel Server database application. We evaluate this system under the Transaction Processing Performance Council's TPC-C benchmark to provide performance results in the competitive market for database applications. The TPC-C benchmark is a medium-complexity, on-line transaction processing (OLTP) workload. It is based on an order-entry workload, with different transaction types ranging from simple transactions to medium-complexity transactions that have 2 to 50 times the number of calls of a simple transaction. To run the TPC-C benchmark on a clustered system, the operating system and the database engine must present a single database to the benchmark client. Thus the TruCluster system running the Oracle Parallel Server differs greatly from a network-based cluster system by two significant features. First, the Digital UNIX distributed raw disk (DRD) service enables the distributed Oracle Parallel Server to access all raw disk volumes regardless of their physical location in the cluster. Second, the Oracle Parallel Server uses Digital's distributed lock manager (DLM) to synchronize all access to shared resources (such as in memory cache blocks or disk blocks) across a TruCluster system. In tuning the system under test, we used the DRD and the DLM services to balance the database across the TruCluster multicomputer system. The configuration includes a specialized peripheral component interconnect (PCI) known as the MEMORY CHANNEL interconnect to greatly improve the bandwidth and latency between two or more member nodes. We tuned the system under test to attain the peak bandwidth of 100 megabytes per second (MB/s) for heavy internode communication during checkpointing by using a dedicated PCI bus for the MEMORY CHANNEL interconnect. We also tuned Digital Equipment Corporation and Oracle Corporation have announced a new TPC-C performance record in the competitive market for database applications and UNIX servers on the AlphaServer 8400 5/350 four-node TruCluster system. A performance evaluation strategy enabled Digital to achieve recordsetting performance for this TruCluster configuration supporting the Oracle Parallel Server database application under the TPC-C workload. The system performance in this environment is a result of tuning the system under test and taking advantage of TruCluster features such as the MEMORY CHANNEL interconnect and Digital's distributed lock manager and distributed raw disk service.