its human inhabitants from an unpredictable and harsh external world. You might expect the outer boundary of a living cell to be constructed of an equally tough and impenetrable barrier because it must also protect its delicate internal contents from a nonliving, and often inhospitable, environment. Yet cells are separated from the external world by a thin, fragile structure called the plasma membrane that is only 5 to 10 nm wide. It would require about five thousand plasma membranes stacked one on top of the other to equal the thickness of a single page of this book. Because it is so thin, no hint of the plasma membrane is detected when a section of a cell is examined under a light microscope. In fact, it wasn't until the late 1950s that techniques for preparing and staining tissue had progressed to the point where the plasma membrane could be resolved in the electron microscope. These early electron micrographs, such as those taken by J. D. Robertson of Duke University (Figure 4.1a), portrayed the plasma membrane as a three-layered structure, consisting of two darkly staining outer layers and a lightly staining middle layer. All membranes that were examined closely— whether they were plasma, nuclear, or cytoplasmic membranes (Figure 4.1b), or 4


Vitiligo Area and Severity Index (VASI) is standing on the top of the cited and implemented scoring tools for vitiligo. However, an easily applicable and time‐saving tool has been a need.


Analog optical transmission techniques are of increasing interest for multichannel TV signals because of their simple and economical configuration. In this report, various kind of analog optical transmission systems for FDM multi-channel TV signals and appropriate laser diode characteristics for analog direct intensity modulation are described.


Your very kind applause encourages me to say that it is a pleasure to find myself with but this single responsibility at an MLA meeting. I shall repay you in part with a very brief report.


Over the past few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the significance of the lexicon in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) research, after a long period of neglect. In fact, vocabulary is considered to be the most significant – and the most difficult – language component for learners to acquire successfully. The analysis of a large number of corpora indicates that vocabulary errors not only outnumber grammatical errors, they are considered more serious by native speakers. While grammatical errors do not usually disrupt structural understanding and communication, lexical errors interfere with basic meaning resulting in a lack of understanding between the speaker and the listener (Gass and Selinker 2001:372). Vocabulary is central to communication; therefore, vocabulary acquisition is essential for successful language learning. Without words, it is impossible to use grammatical structures and language functions, so learners often consider vocabulary to be the source of all problems.


Indoor temperature model is one of the large time-delay controlled object, and the response performance of system get worse. In consideration of the Fuzzy PID controllers strong robustness, this article adopts a Fuzzy PID-Smith control method ,and the control effect proves to be good.


In order to investigate the picture superiority effect, we compared the ERP between picture combined word (picture-word) and pure word (word) at study and test phase. During encoding, the FN400 was more negative and lasted longer for picture-words than for words. The late positive component (LPC) was more positive and distributed broadly for words compared to picture-words. During retrieval, the old picture-word elicited remarkably FN400 familiarity effect and parietal old/new effect compared to the old word. We suggested that simultaneous image and verbal encoding of picture-word elicited better and faster recollection compared to word during the memory test. Our findings also demonstrated that the picture superiority effect was related to the ability of pictures enhancing encoding and facilitating recollection.


1. Hansen L, Boll P M. Polyacetylenes in Araliaceae: their chemistry, biosynthesis and biological significance. Phytochem 1986: 25: 285–293. 2. Hansen L, Hammershoy O, Boll P M. Allergic contact dermatitis from falcarinol isolated from Schefflera arboricola. Contact Dermatitis 1986: 14: 91–93. 3. Oka K, Sai F, Ashi Ta, Sugimo A. The major allergen of Dendropanax trifidus Makino. Contact Dermatitis 1997: 36: 252–255.


Surgery is the standard treatment for left main coronary artery disease (LMCAD), but surgical risk increases with age. To explore the relative


die steel on operating resistance of working tool of hot-stamping machines, which are designed for hot stamping of roll bearing rings. Thereby development and optimization of laser quenching modes without surface melting on ejec-tors, in order to rise thermal fatigue strength of these roll bearing rings, are the aims of this research. Research, its results and analysis Development of the mathematical model of tool resistance from the effect of laser radiation was conducted via the method of mathematical planning of the experiment, using a full factorial experiment [11]. It was carried out in such way due to insufficient theoretical background of the problems of interaction between laser radiation and tool steels. Ejectors were taken as the subject of this research as the elements of die auxiliaries, which are most susceptible for wear. These ejectors are located in hot-stamping machines for hot stamping of roll bearing rings made of 3Kh3M3F die


Previously a novel chaos M-ary digital communication method based on spatiotemporal chaos Hamilton oscillator has been proposed. Without chaos synchronization circumstance, It has performance improvement in bandwidth efficiency, transmission efficiency and anti-whitenoise performance compared with traditional communication method. In this paper, the formula for the design of the boundary of zone dividing demodulator in additive white Gaussian noise is derived, besides, the problem about how to determine the boundary of zone dividing demodulator in additive colored noise is deeply studied; Then a solution to construct anti-colored-noise chaos M-ary communication system is proposed, in which a pre-distortion filter is added after the chaos baseband modulator in the transmitter and whitening filter is added before zone dividing demodulator in the receiver. Finally, the chaos M-ary communication system based on Hamilton oscillator is constructed and simulated in different channel noise. The result shows that the proposed method in this paper can improve the anti-colored-noise performance of the whole communication system.


The design and production of metallic mesh based on germanium substrate were investigated to satisfy the electromagnetic shielding requirements of germanium optical windows. Through theoretical analysis of the effect of metallic mesh structure on optical transmittance and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness, CST software is used to simulate the effect of metallic mesh period, thickness and substrate resistivity on electromagnetic shielding. According to the simulation results, appropriate parameters are selected to prepare the mesh microstructure. The mesh structure that meets the requirements was produced using laser direct writing lithography. The metallic mesh microstructure has a 400 μm period and a 12μm line width. The eight to 12μm bands measured by the infrared spectrometer had an 87.1% transmissivity. The lowest electromagnetic shielding efficacy is greater than 28.1dB, while the average electromagnetic shielding efficiency of the 240MHz to 18GHz range is assessed by the vector network analyzer at 34.4 dB. This paper describes the simulation and fabrication of metallic mesh microstructures on germanium substrates. These microstructures have excellent optical and electrical properties, which is very important for the creation of optical windows with high optical transmittance and potent electromagnetic shielding.


The increased cardiovascular disease risk in patients with ankylosing spondylitis is explained both by traditional cardiovascular risk factors as well as the underlying chronic inflammatory process. However, this dual etiology is not adequately addressed in clinical practice, according to a presentation on June 3 at the European Congress of Rheumatology (EULAR) annual meeting.


High-precision cellular-based localization is one of the key technologies for next-generation communication systems. In this paper, we investigate the potential of applying machine learning (ML) to a massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system to enhance localization accuracy. We analyze a new ML-based localization pipeline that has two parallel fully connected neural networks (FCNN). The first FCNN takes the instantaneous spatial covariance matrix to capture angular information, while the second FCNN takes the channel impulse responses to capture delay information. We fuse the estimated coordinates of these two FCNNs for further accuracy improvement. To test the localization algorithm, we performed an indoor measurement campaign with a massive MIMO testbed at 3.7 GHz. In the measured scenario, the proposed pipeline can achieve centimeter-level accuracy by combining delay and angular information.


Our analysis this week is on how major City firms have adopted the practice of disaggregation in their quest for greater efficiency (see cover story, page 10). Ashurst, Allen & Overy, Herbert Smith Freehills and most recently, Hogan Lovells, have all opened regional offshoots to handle lower value and support work rather than packaging it all out to India or South Africa -- a practice modishly known as 'insourcing'.


A time-dependent nonlinear thermoelastic problem of a multilayered anisotropic medium with a certain specific form of temperature-dependent material properties in generalized plane deformation is analyzed by flexibility/stiffness matrix technique in the article. The closed-form general solutions of temperature, displacements, and stresses can then be obtained in the Fourier and the Laplace transform domains by using the technique of Kirchhoff transformation. The effects of temperature-dependent material properties on the distributions of temperature and thermal stresses are also calculated and discussed. ©2002 ASME


Given an exterior differential system on a manifold M, we study general prolongations of the system on a locally trivial fiber bundle (M, π, M) by a Cartan–Ehresmann connection. We characterize such prolongations for the system associated with the KdV equation without any assumption of ''(x, t) independence.'' The partial Lie algebra discovered by Wahlquist–Estabrook [J. Math. Phys. 16, 1 (1975)] appears by this way as an intrinsic tool. Simple analytic pseudopotentials are classified up to diffeomorphism.


Synthetic seismograms are computed in a two‐dimensional medium that contains contrasts both in the elastic and in the attenuation (Q) properties with depth. The case of a liquid‐solid interface, with and without a Q contrast between the two media, is examined in detail. We show the results when the S velocity in the solid is greater than the P velocity in the liquid. The synthetic seismograms show that the effect of the attenuation contrast is not noticeable on precritical reflections when the change in elastic properties is large even in the case of large Q contrast. When this situation occurs, there is a relative increase in the amplitude of the postcritical reflections and a decrease in amplitude of the head waves. It is interesting to notice that when two head waves are generated, the P head wave always has a very low amplitude with respect to the S head wave. This result agrees with what has been observed in borehole data. We also show the results obtained at a solid‐solid interface with and without ...


Group Summary Our research group uses several engineering design applications to drive research in simulation and optimization algorithms and software. Recent efforts have focused in the fundamentals of nonlinear and parameterized model-order reduction, matrix-implicit methods, coupling simulation and optimization, and fast techniques for solving integral equations. The applications currently being examined to drive those fundamental investigations include design tools for integrated circuits, electronic interconnect, micromachined devices, nanophotonics, carbon nanotubes, aircraft, and biomolecules. In the section below, we describe these activities in more detail The performance of several mixed-signal and RF-analog platforms depends on substrate effects that need to be represented in a library of models which have field solver accuracy. For instance, substrate-induced currents in RF inductors can severely affect quality and hence RF filter selectivity. We have developed an efficient approach to full-wave impedance extraction that accounts for substrate effects through the use of two-layer-media Green's functions in a mixed-potential-integral-equation (MPIE) solver. In particular, we have developed accelerated techniques for both volume and surface integrations in the solver. In this work, we have also introduced a technique for the numerical generation of basis functions that are capable of parameterizing the frequency-varying nature of cross-sectional conductor current distributions. Hence skin and proximity effects can be captured using many fewer basis functions in comparison to the prevalently-used piecewise-constant basis functions. One important characteristic of these basis functions is that they only need to be pre-computed once for a frequency range of interest per unique conductor cross-sectional geometry, and they can be stored off-line with a


Contents: J. de Rivera, Choice of Emotion and Ideal Development. H.B. Lewis, Some Thoughts on the Moral Emotions of Shame and Guilt. M. Lewis, What Do We Mean When We Say Emotional Development? T.R. Sarbin, Emotions as Situated Actions. T.J. Scheff, Emotions and Understanding: Toward a Theory and Method. R.C. Solomon, Emotions, Philosophy, and the Self. General Discussion. Epilogue.


A simulation model has been performed on materials as Ge, Si, GaAs, AlGaAs and the values of gaps E gk of hypothetical materials, the calculation of the corresponding maximum efficiency was carried out for multigap solar cells systems coupled in splitting mode. The effects of an optical coupling by a dichroic mirror between independent solar cells, and solar cells coupled in series has been analysed. One particular result of our study is that the coupling by a dichroic mirror between an independent cell gives an interesting efficiency.


In this Note, we describe a new TTF-anthracene dyad fusion with the crown ether unit. It is interesting to find that the fluorescence of this new dyad can be modulated with Na+ and C60, and its fluorescence intensity can be largely enhanced only in the presence of both Na+ and C60. Such fluorescence modulation behavior mimics the performance of a two-input "AND" logic gate.


Neutrophils are the first cells to arrive at sites of injury. Nevertheless, many inflammatory diseases are characterized by an uncontrolled infiltration and action of these cells. Cell migration depends on volume changes that are governed by ion channel activity, but potassium channels in neutrophil have not been clearly identified. We aim to test whether KCa3.1 participates in neutrophil migration and other relevant functions of the cell.


We have developed an alternative methodology for determining the stabilities of DNA hairpin structures based on a specially designed oligonucleotide template and the T4 DNA ligase. This method was ...


Abstract Undoped and Mn-doped thin ZnS films were deposited on ordinary glass substrates at temperature of 450 °C by an improved spray pyrolysis (ISP) method. The ISP parameters, such as carrier gas flow rate, solution flow rate and substrate temperature, were controlled with accuracy ±0.25 Lpm, ±1 mL/h and ±1 °C, respectively. A pulse-spray mode of the method was used to spray the precursor solution. Thin film samples were prepared for Mn-doping with the concentrations of 0 at.%, 1 at.%, 3 at.%, 6 at.%, 8 at.% and 12 at.% relative to Zn in the spray solution. The Mn-doping concentration dependent chemical composition, surface morphology, and structural, optical and photoluminescence (PL) properties were studied. All the thin films were well adherent, nearly stoichiometric, dense, uniform, and possessed cubic crystal structure with preferential orientation along h〈1 1 1〉 direction. A slight enhancement in structural properties, an increase in band gap, and a decrease in refractive index and dielectric constant with Mn-doping concentration were observed. The PL spectra of Mn-doped thin ZnS films at room temperature exhibited both the 490 nm blue defect-related emission and the 590 nm yellow-orange Mn2+ ion related emission. The observed yellow-orange emission intensity was maximum for 3 at.% of Mn-doping concentration in the spray solution.


The article briefly describes housing policies of the European Union through documents and institutions of the European Union with reference to social housing. A significant document on housing is the European Charter for Housing which defines housing as a necessary good and a fundamental social right. The Charter emphasizes the European Union's social awareness and perseverance in the fight against discrimination and homelessness, regardless of race, nation, religion or monetary income. Quality housing is one of the conditions for the sustainable development of the European Union. An important role in achieving these goals is social housing. This is a form of housing lease in which property is owned by the state, city or municipality, but the term may also relate to the sale under special conditions in the case of housing estates whose construction is financed by the state, non-profit organizations or private investors. European countries do not have a common social housing policy, so different models are present. This article presents three models implemented in the countries of northern Europe with the tradition of social policy, strong legislation and high general prosperity.


An apparatus for extracting essential oil from plants is provided to extract the essential oil from the plants conveniently, by melting out the essential oil from the plants into steam through high-temperature steam and then cooling the steam containing the essential oil to separate the essential oil from the steam. A plant-heating tank(1) extracts essential oil from plants by applying steam to the plants, and discharges the extracted oil with the steam. A steam generator(3) supplies steam of 100-120°C to the plant-heating tank. A cooling cylinder(2) contacts the steam discharged from the plant-heating tank indirectly with cooling water, thereby condensing the steam into a liquid where the essential oil and the water are mixed. An oil separator(7) receives liquid discharged from the cooling cylinder, and separates the oil by a weight difference between the essential oil and the water. A cooling water supply unit(4) supplies the cooling water to the cooling cylinder circulatively. Further, the apparatus for extracting essential oil from plants contains a controller for monitoring the plant-heating tank, the steam generator and the cooling water supply unit.


The study analyses the introduction of the High Speed Broadband (HSBB) in Malaysia that will enhance the usage of the new media in stimulating the access for information and other internet applications. This is parallel to the advance in the Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) that will continue to create an edge among the society. For Telekom Malaysia (TM), project HSBB encompasses of building the infrastructure, creating awareness among the public and as the service provider of this new technology. The application of mass communication theories and concepts as a good and effective communication is imperative in convincing the society to embrace a new technology. Based on the media effects research on diffusion of innovation theory, the adoption of any new ideas or new technologies can be seen from a similar pattern of an S-shaped curve to determine the level of adoption based on the Diffusion of Innovations (Everett M. Rogers, 1983). As this is a new technology, the success of this project depends on the degree of importance and its relevance to the society. The uses and dependency model (A. Rubin & Windahl, 1986) suggested that there exist a certain elements in the media system such as the individual differences and the structure of the society, which can cause the society to select that particular medium of communication. Global Media Journal – Polish Edition Fall 2011, No. 2 (8) 2 This conference paper endeavours to deliberate the communication process used in TM HSBB Project in their efforts to convince Malaysians to accept this new technology. The deliberation will also identify a more effective and realistic way in getting the society to embrace this technology in a short period of time. The research methodology used in this study consists of both primary and secondary data collection. The primary data was solicited from 100 TM HSBB Corporate users within Klang Valley business districts via the Simple Random Sampling method. The secondary data is obtained from Telekom Malaysia, the corporation awarded by the government of Malaysia to carry out the High Speed Broadband (HSBB) project. Supplementary secondary are also obtained from the Ministry of Information, Communications and Culture, Malaysia. The findings of this study denote the degree of acceptance of HSBB among the Malaysian society. This study also provides the communication framework for Telekom Malaysia as the service provider of this technology and to enhance the Government policy in the area of multimedia in the new media era.


To deal with a stochastic wind environment in urban areas, this study introduces exceedance probability analysis to evaluate low-speed wind properties. As wind environment can be evaluated in terms of both ventilation performance and thermal comfort, two representative indices were adopted: the local air change rate (N) and the space-averaged kinetic energy of wind (KE). The former was used to express the ability of airflow to exhaust contaminants generated within a given space, and the latter to represent the ability of airflows to cool the human body. The exceedance probability (EP) was calculated based on the wind speed distributions described by the Weibull function for 16 azimuths and then used to indicate the exceedance probability of a given air change rate. The exceedance probability of the kinetic energy of wind in the void space was also evaluated in the same way as the local air change rate. Acceptable values of the exceedance probability for both local air change rate and kinetic energy in the void spaces were then suggested, based on acceptable indoor environmental indices, which were often worse than those found outdoors and also affected by the outdoor environment.


This article introduces a novel laboratory-scale process for the electrochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The process aims at an energy-efficient, decentralized production, and a mathematical optimization of it is presented. A dynamic, zero-dimensional mathematical model of the reactor is set up in Aspen custom modeler®. The proposed model constitutes a reasonable compromise between complexity and convergence. After thoroughly determining the reaction kinetics by adjustment to experimental data, the reactor unit is embedded in an Aspen Plus® flowsheet in order to investigate its interaction with other unit operations. The downstream contains another custom module for membrane distillation. Electricity appears as a resource in the process, and optimization shows that it reaches product purities of up to 3 wt.-%. Both the process optimization and the adjustment of the reaction kinetics are treated as multi-criteria optimization (MCO) problems.


Background: Numerous authors have reported promising results with the use of vacuum-assisted closure therapy in poststernotomy mediastinitis. The negative pressure applied to the anterior mediastinum substantially exceeds the normal negative pressure in the pleural cavities, and interaction with respiratory physiology cannot be excluded. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the application of six clinically relevant negative pressures between –50 mmHg and –175 mmHg to the sternotomy wound affects respiratory parameters in a porcine model. Methods: A midline sternotomy was performed in six mechanically ventilated pigs weighing 70 ± 3 kg. Vacuum-assisted closure therapy was applied with continuous negative pressure in a randomized order to the sternotomy wound. The following respiratory parameters were monitored by a carbon dioxide–based noninvasive monitoring system connected to the ventilator: carbon dioxide elimination, peak inspiratory pressure, peak expiratory flow, alveolar minute volume, alveolar tidal volume, expired tidal volume, static compliance, and airway resistance. Results: All pigs survived the treatment, and there was no significant change in the respiratory parameters investigated at any of the six negative pressures applied. A tendency toward increased airway resistance was noted when –175 mmHg was applied, although this change was not significant. Conclusions: The application of negative pressure therapy in the treatment of deep poststernotomy infections is a novel modality gaining increased attention. In this study, no impairment in respiratory mechanics, ventilation, or oxygenation was detected when comparing applied pressures ranging from –50 mmHg to –175 mmHg in the sternotomy wound.


This paper presents a novel solution for a typical small-scaled quad-rotor UAV to autonomously search for and land on a pre-designed marker placed on a rooftop and to observe a digit panel on the opposite building. The UAV is equipped with a downward-facing monocular camera for landing target detection and pose estimation, as well as a front-facing camera for digit panel observation and surveillance. The UAV navigates to the landing site based on GPS and transits to vision-guided navigation once the UAV identifies the targeted marker. The target searching and observation thread will take over once the UAV successfully lands on the rooftop. The presented vision-based navigation and detection algorithms were demonstrated with fully autonomous flight carried out during the competition IMAV 2014.


Crimes against food security have continued to happen in recent years and hazarded consumers' health and destructed social order.But the working of criminal legislation has to be guided by some basic principles,which contain modesty principle,and precautionary principle and scientific principle and international principle.Our purpose of legislation is to solve the problem of crime against food security.


In a world of planetary urbanization, processes of spatial development are under endless changes and threatened by the constant strengthening of neoliberal policy-making at all spatial scales. At the same time, the existence of worldwide urban growth shows us that the urban morphology is no longer readable through core/periphery dualisms which strengthened a centralist bias on urban theory. Today, both urban growth and change are better understood if we take into account tendencies towards urban expansion, de-centralization and suburbanization (Keil, 2017a), to explore the relations between agglomeration processes and their multi-scalar operational landscapes. By addressing the uneven spatial development of urban areas, the paper grounds its reflection in the governance processes of suburban areas, embracing two perspectives to bridge an analysis between Canada and Europe. On the one hand, it grounds the reflection on "suburban governance", by looking at the so-called "suburbanisms", i.e. the growing prevalence of distinctive ways of life in the suburban areas. On the other hand, the paper looks at the city-region perspective to address the governance of the multifaceted expansion of urban agglomerations in European and Canadian contexts. Furthermore, the paper provides an overview of suburbanization in Canada, as a territorial mass halfway between the American and the European models of suburbanization. A noteworthy literature has been produced to study the suburban ways of living in Canada, and in this respect, the contribution enhances the strengths of the "Atlas of Suburbanisms", pointing out the interesting theoretical approach adopted by Canadian academia. Finally, the paper posits that urban changes not only imply transformations in built environment, but they also call for new governance agendas able to deal with societal, inter-institutional and infrastructural issues in a time of uneven suburbanization within city-regions.


This report contains the findings of a research effort aimed at identifying and describing proven, cost-effective, "low-tech" solutions for rural transportation-related problems or needs. Through a process of research and interviews with local level transportation professionals throughout the United States, examples of technology applications which have been locally developed to meet local problems were identified and documented. During Phase A of the project, more than fifty "simple solutions" were identified. The categorization of technology applications was made in accordance with the critical program areas, or "rural clusters" developed by the Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA's) Rural Action Team as part of its work to develop an Advanced Rural Transportation Systems Strategic Plan. During Phase B, a subset of this list of candidate solutions was selected for further investigation. Details documented during this stage include descriptions of the benefits of the technology, the expected implementation process, the potential issues associated with each technology, and each technology's role in larger scale, fully integrated rural intelligent transportation systems (ITS). It is hoped that the resulting simple solution descriptions will be used as a toolbox of information to assist in reaching out to local level transportation professionals to introduce them to ITS and their potential benefits. Solutions studied within the project focused on practical applications of technologies, which could serve as precursors to future applications of more advanced systems.


ABSTRACT
 The aim of this article is to contribute to research on responsible management by developing knowledge on how managing responsibly together in a Top Management Team (TMT) may be accomplished, thus complementing research in the area that focuses on the work of individual managers. To this end, we mobilize the concept of obligation to characterize what emerges as what a TMT needs to respond to. Having followed the TMT for a municipal company working together in meetings over time, we propose that three accomplishments (making the obligation present, making the obligation enable action and accounting for the obligation) shape how an obligation is made to matter. This is no linear process, but rather it unfolds in a series of materializations of the obligation in text and talk, as the TMT goes about its work. The article thus provides a contribution to research on responsible management but also has practical consequences for developing how a TMT works in order to address the urgent demands for change related to sustainable development. MAD statement In this article, we develop knowledge on how managing responsibly together may be accomplished in a Top Management Team (TMT). Besides adding to the responsible management literature, we also provide theoretical tools that may be mobilized in order to develop the work practices of TMTs that want to contribute to sustainable development.


The connection between the driven pile and the supporting structure of offshore wind turbines has so far been implemented as a grouted joint in over 1000 wind turbines in Germany. After the slipping of grouted connections in numerous monopiles abroad, there was an increasing interest in monitoring relative displacements between pile and sleeve of offshore wind turbines in order to allow a long-term evaluation of the load-bearing behaviour of grouted connections. This can be performed with manageable effort for supporting structures with grouted joints located above water. A major challenge, however, is the measurement of displacements under water. After the test of a first prototype, the Institute of Building Materials Science has now developed an improved mobile measuring unit in order to be able to carry out this measuring task.


An account is given of the present state of the subject of ferromagnetism, with particular application to ferromagnetic materials. Brief reference is made to the state of development at the beginning of the century and the significant phenomena and principles discovered since then are discussed. Particular attention is directed to the explanation of the magnetization curves of hard and soft ferromagnetics. The report deals also with the recently discovered ferromagnetic oxides, a new type of magnetic material offering wide possibilities for future investigation and application.


While inter-person cultural diversity in organisational teams is recognised as having potential opportunities and challenges, the effects of intra-person cultural diversity in teams – that is, mult...


[Objective] The paper aimed to analyze the meteorological factors of the worst drought in 2010 in Liupanshui City and its impact on the agriculture.[Method] To make research analyses based on the real-time meteorological data and the characters of this drought disaster.[Result]Due to the influence of abnormal atmospheric circulation and El Nio events,the convergence of warm and cold air in the arid are inadequate,so the rainfall reduced seriously,shortage of water resources,and successive drought disasters were intensified by hot and dry weather,moreover,special geographical environment(Karst,desertification,etc.)increased the danger of drought.[Conclusion] Local people faced the test of the severest drought in a century which had great impact on drinking water,agriculture,forestry,hydropower production,residents living and so on.Taking advantage of favorable meteorological conditions for artificial rainfall,and combined with scientific drought-relief measures could help to east the drought in advance and reduce the losses.


Objective To evaluate the effect of bowel preparation on 18F-FDG uptake in the stomach and intestine in 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging. Methods Sixty examinees who were performed whole-body FDG PET/CT scanning were randomized into two groups: bowel preparation group(n=30),oral administration of bitter salt at 20:00 the day before examination;control group(n=30),without bowel preparation.All the examinees drunk enough water 20 min after intravenous injection of 18F-FDG.Intramuscular injection of anisodamine(10 mg)was performed in bowel preparation group 30 min before image collection.Semiquantitative analysis and comparison were conducted for 18F-FDG uptake by the images of stomach,small intestine,ileocecal junction and ascending colon. Results There were significant differences in 18F-FDG uptake of stomach,small intestine and ascending colon between two groups.The maximum SUV(SUVmax) of these three organs were significantly decreased in effect of bowel preparation(P0.01). Conclusion It is important to prepare the gut before whole-body FDG PET/CT scan for correct interpretation of PET/CT imaging.


Particle detectors on board the Alouette 1 satellite at an altitude of 1000 km occasionally detect electron fluxes at latitudes above the region where the boundary of the outer Van Allen radiation zone normally occurs. The latitude profiles of the electron fluxes are usually in the form of a fairly narrow spike, and some of the events have extremely high intensities; directional intensities of electrons above 40 kev approaching 109 cm−2 sec−1 ster−1 have been observed. The high latitude electron fluxes are found preferentially on the night side of the earth on lines of force which presumably connect to the 'tail' of the magnetosphere and at times when enhanced electron fluxes are observed in the outer radiation zone. It is suggested that electrons generated in the tail of the magnetosphere may form an important source of electrons for the outer radiation zone.


Kwasi Adu-Amankwah, the former head of Ghana's powerful labour federation, was elected general secretary of the Africa division of the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC-Africa) in 2007, putting him at the helm of a pan-African labour movement representing 16 million workers in 47 countries. Africa Renewal's Michael Fleshman spoke with him at the annual gathering of civil society groups for the World Social Forum in Dakar, Senegal, on 8 February, shortly after Mr. Adu-Amankwah led a march to the Egyptian embassy in solidarity with the Egyptian people's pro-democracy movement.


This is the journey level in the Environmental Health Specialist class series. It is distinguished from the Environmental Health Specialist Trainee by performance of the full scope of environmental inspection and enforcement duties with a high degree of independence and a certificate of registration as an Environmental Health Specialist with the Nevada State Board. It is distinguished from the Senior Environmental Health Specialist by its lack of lead worker responsibility.


Ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids was measured in pigs fed 13 round, tannin-free peas samples and related to the following physical, chemical and biological characteristics of these samples: thousand-seed weight, proportion of hulls, starch, fibre, crude protein, ether extract and ash contents, trypsin inhibitor activity and trypsin inhibitor activity per unit of crude protein (TIAP). Each pea sample was included in a diet containing starch, sucrose, minerals and vitamins and fed to four barrows (50 to 100 kg) fitted with an end-to-end ileo-rectal anastomosis. Standardised ileal protein and amino acid digestibilities, except for alanine of peas decreased linearly with increasing TIAP (P < 0.01) and was not affected by fiber content. For example standardized ileal digestibilities values (%) decreased by −0.1975, −0.1617, −0.2171, −0.2630, −0.2029 and −0.3536 per unit of TIAP (expressed in unit of trypsin inhibited per milligram crude protein), respectively, for crude protein and lysine, threon...


For some years now, part of society has been demanding the implementation of circular economy models and so the use of organic matter as a source of nutrients is once again taking center stage. In this scenario, the aim of this work was to implement an integrated management model for a farm and to study the influence on a celery crop of organic amendments (animal and vegetable) obtained on the farm, as opposed to inorganic fertilization. This influence was evaluated for the yield and the nutritional, organoleptic, and sanitary quality of the resulting crops. The yield and size of the marketable parts of the celery plants were greater with the inorganic treatment; however, the nutritional and sanitary quality was better in the organic treatments, while the chromatic attributes, as well as the total P and Ca, were not affected by the different fertilization treatments applied. It is therefore concluded that the organic management model is environmentally and economically sustainable.


Moses is mentioned by name eleven times in John. Most of the occurrences speak of the "gifts" of God through Moses, pre-eminently "the Law", that is, the Torah. A few passages suggest a Moses-centered Jewish piety. Beginning from these direct references, one can discover in the gospel a large number of fairly clear allusions to the Moses traditions. Only those allusions closely related to the "prophet-king" themes are discussed in this chapter. In the Fourth Gospel one of the central themes in Jesus' discourses, a theme which leads to a climax in the crucifixion and resurrection narratives, is the notion that he is "ascending to the Father". Now just as in the Moses traditions, an essential aspect of the ascension of Jesus in the Fourth Gospel is his enthronement as King of Israel, as the trial and crucifixion narratives demonstrate.Keywords: crucifixion; Israel; Jesus; John; Moses traditions; prophet-king; Torah


A convenient synthesis of highly functionalised biaryls 3 and 6 has been delineated through carbanion induced C–C bond formation from 6-aryl-3-cyano-4-substituted-2H-pyran-2-ones (1, 4) and acetone. Extension of this reaction, using aromatic ketones led to (4,6-diarylpyran-2-ylidene)acetonitrile (7) in lieu of the anticipated 2,4-diaryl-6-methylthiobenzonitrile (8). The structure of 2-methyl-6-methylthio-4-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)benzonitrile (3f) was ascertained by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and displayed a variety of weak interactions, responsible for the stability and packing of the molecule in the crystalline state.


The need to improve the performance and the efficiency of the existing HSPA systems resulted in the 3GPP study item HSPA Evolution. The proposed system architecture for Evolved HSPA is a flat one, where network nodes are interconnected with packet based transport. As a result of the flat architecture, mobility control and handover decisions are done by the Evolved HSPA Node B that incorporates the RNC functionalities as well. During handovers the uplink traffic is forwarded through the Iur interface to the serving Evolved HSPA Node B that is combining the received flows and forwards the combined flow towards the core network. The system performance and efficiency can be improved by reducing the amount of the forwarded traffic. This paper discusses the available option and proposes an alternative solution that has minimal impact on the delay sensitive real time traffic. The improvement options are evaluated with simulations. The results are showing that the alternative forwarding strategies are improving the efficiency of the system.


AbstractA study of the kinetics of chlorination of the mineral galena (PbS) was conducted using thermogravimetry (TG), supplemented by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy of polished sections, and scanning electron microscopy. TG experiments were conducted both isothermally and non-isothermally in an assembly specially designed to handle corrosive atmospheres.The results of the non-isothermal experiments indicated that, due to the highly exothermic nature of the reaction between galena and chlorine, parameters such as particle size, sample geometry, and heat transfer had a substantial influence on the reaction. The isothermal investigations were conducted from 250 to 400°C with an adequate heat sink in contact with the sample and under conditions chosen so that the rate of reaction was independent of gas flow rate. The results were examined on the basis of different kinetic models and were found to be consistent with the "shrinking core" model in which the reaction rate is controlled by diffusion throug...


A set of songs selected from xeno-canto.org 20120109 by Dan Stowell.

Xeno-canto contains thousands of birdsong recordings, from around the world, of various qualities and types. This folder is a small deliberately-constructed dataset for classification tests:
 * common UK species
 * decent-quality audio
 * converted from stereo MP3 back to mono WAV

The filenames are in this form:

 [Genus]-[species]_XC[identifier]-[country].wav

For classification algorithms, you normally want to identify the full species, which means EVERYTHING BEFORE THE UNDERSCORE should be used as the class label.

Sounds are published on xeno-canto under the
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.5 License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/


The DCS (Detector Control System) of the ALICE experiment at LHC aims to integrate, configure, and monitor all the participating sub-detectors. The HMPID (High Momentum Particle Identification Detector), based on a Ring Imaging Cherenkov, is one of the ALICE sub-detectors. Its control system (CS) has to ensure the detector configuration, standalone running mode for test and maintenance, and integration in the ALICE DCS. In order to design the HMPID CS, we present in this paper an approach based on the GRAFCET Model. First results from the application of the GRAFCET to the liquid circulation apparatus, an HMPID subsystem, are reported. The impact of the solutions for the HV-LV sub-systems on the CS is also presented.


Тhe article uses a correlation-regression analysis to further use the obtained correlation dependencies to assess the prospects for the extraction of natural gas from slate rocks in any region of the world. The statistical data on which correlation dependencies are derived are collected by analyzing information on the experience of shale gas extraction in countries such as the United States Marcellus, Haynesville, Barnett, Fayetteville, Woodford, Antrim, New Albany, Canada, Montenegro, Horn River) , China - playground Fuling and Argentina - the playground Vaca Muerta. Characteristics of shale formations are investigated for each of these deposits: gas content, depth intervals of shale rock formation, effective thickness, porosity, penetrability, organic matter content, catagenesis, wells productivity.


This paper introduces collecting drenching water with the funnel from shaft wall and putting the water through the pipeline to-147 m level as cool fluid for hydraulic oil of hydraulic winch.The serious shaft equipment corrosion question causing by the drenching water from shaft wall has been solved.The difficult of cleaning up the leaking coal on the bottom of shaft also has been solved.


The ACFAS presents this educational reference as a public service and for informational purposes only. The material is derived from the current medical knowledge on the topics listed. The content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical


During the course of the protracted war in Sri Lanka, several displaced victims of the war entered as refugees and sought asylum in Tamil Nadu state in South India. There are around one hundred thousand of Sri Lankan refugees still living in welfare camps or with their friends and relatives in India. Even though the Sri Lankan government and the UNHCR were willing to provide assistance to these refugees the reports indicated that not many returnees arrived from India in the post-war period. The theory stresses that repatriation of refugees is a significant task of a successful post conflict peacebuilding. The aim of this paper is to look into the process of repatriation during post war period. The primary and secondary data are used to qualitative analysis of this study. Some reasons were revealed by this study to discourage for returning of refugees. First they are still suspect on their own security in the Northern Province. Second problems of livelihood and loss of original lands in resettle process of Sri Lanka have been emerged as key issues to discourage them. Third as an external fact the Tamil Nadu politics also badly affected for repatriation. According to this, there was a poor flow of returning refugees from India, which shows that the entire process of repatriation is problematic. The government should give more attention to solve this problem with the help of the Indian government as well as the UNHCR.


a number of meetings with Himmler, but after one of them declared that Germany had come under the influence of a 'terrible, demoniac force'. There was no formal Oxford Group perspective on the Nazi regime, even though its work was viewed with increasing suspicion by the Gestapo. Buchman wanted his German supporters to follow their own sense of God's guidance. As the 1930s advanced and the atmosphere deteriorated, members of the Oxford Group found themselves pursuing four different strategies. Some sought to change the state from within, believing this would be preferable to a violent collapse provoked from the outside. A second group focussed on Christian renewal within the churches. A third were involved in active resistance to Hitler. And a fourth focussed on their own survival. Spoerri suggests that making judgments about the rights and wrongs of these different approaches would be wrong; 'people react in different ways and also have different callings,' he observes. He may be right, although one should be wary of taking that view to an extreme. There is only one chapter here on the post-war era, when Moral Re-Armament invested a lot of resources in Franco-German reconciliation. In that sense, the book is not really a comprehensive overview of Buchman's involvement with Germany. But the book raises some intriguing questions for those interested in spirituality under totalitarian regimes. It also has a contemporary relevance as well: after all, Christians in the West today wrestle with finding the right relationship to the state.


In this paper we introduce the use of Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations in order to facilitate OTM implementation and to evaluate fault coverage quantitatively even for parametric faults. Thanks to a case study, we demonstrate the contribution of MC simulations for both tolerance range and test efficiency determination.


Gray target decision making is one method of gray systematic theory for solving multiple attribute decision making problem. The weight definite method of the index in the present researches on gray target decision making is monotonous, it does not accord with the actual conditions; From the point of view of mathematical statistics in addition, the true weight coefficient of every index is a random variable, the weight coefficient that different assignment method draws is only a sample value of the true weight coefficient, and it has some uncertainty. For this reason, a method of determining the linear combination weights based on entropy, using optimization theory and Jayne's maximum entropy principle, is presented to deal with the problem of determining the weights in multiple attribute decision making. The existing grey target decision making model has been got improved and the example demonstrates the validity of this model.


The purpose of this research is to verify interdependencies among service innovation, structural autonomy, performance measurement systems, and organizational outcomes in a new organizational context. The relationships between these variables that structure organizational design have been studied for several decades, but it is necessary to verify the validity of those interdependencies in new geographical contexts and periods. Contingency theory was the selected framework because it argues how different scenarios can justify different organizational solutions and is appropriate in the predominant quantitative research. For data collection, surveys were sent to 526 executive heads of all Portuguese public secondary schools, obtaining 154 valid responses. Data processing was carried out using descriptive analysis, Spearman correlation, and structural equation analysis. The results reinforce previous literature, proving the influence of structural autonomy, not only on pedagogical management performance but also on resource management performance within a specific context explored for the first time in the Portuguese public sector. However, the interdependence of these variables in relation to pedagogical innovation strategy and organizational outcomes of effectiveness and efficiency was not verified in this particular setting, corroborating the basic foundations of contingency theory.


The primary step in the bleaching sequence of visual pigments has been shown to occur in picoseconds, while the isomerization of model visual pigment chromophores, protonated 11-cis retinylidene Schiff bases, takes place on a time scale several orders of magnitude slower. Thus, the well-accepted notion that the primary step in visual transduction involves a simple isomerization deserves closer examination. Studies of visual pigments and compounds which mimic visual pigment chromophores are discussed in terms of several alternatives for the nature of the primary step. In addition to discussion of photochemical studies, spectroscopic experiments are discussed. To fundamentally understand the nature of the primary processes in visual transduction it is important to understand the photochemistry, and therefore the electronic structure, of pigment chromophores. Spectroscopic studies aimed at elucidating the electronic structure of polyenic systems are thus discussed.


Various aspects of experimentation in bone marrow cultures and their protective qualities against irradiation are discussed. Bone marrow cells obtained from rats, mice, and gainea pigs were cultured in vitro and tested for protective ability. They were fixed to reconstituted collagen membranes and suspended in the following nutrient medium: a Hank's solution base to which were added 10 mu g vitamin B/sub 12/, 40 mu g adenosine triphosphate, 0.002 g vitamin C, 0.0004 nicotinic acid, 0.003 vitamin B/sub 1/, 0.006 methionine, 0.015 choline, 0.006 inositol, 0.014 valine, 0.005 cystine, 0.01 DL-leucine, 0.015 L- lysine, 0.005 L-histidine, 0.002 L-arginine, 0.002 L-tryptophan, 0.005 glutathione, 0.140 glutamic acid, 0.005 ribose, and 0.005 deoxyribose. The final composition of the medium consisted of 75% of the above modified Hank's solution, 25% human ascites fluid, 1 g lyophilized embryo extract per 100 ml, 50,000 units penicillin, and 20 mu g streptomycin. The cultures were incubated at 37 deg C and examined daily, the solution being changed every 3 days. The changes in the bone marrow cells during culture are described, with particular reference to the fibroblast-like cells which developed. Three groups of rats were irradiated with 750 r; the control group received no transfusion, a 2ndmore » group received 8 million cultured cells intravenously at 3 hr and another 6 million cells intraperitoneally 12-hr postirradiation. The 3rd group received fresh bone marrow cells at the same time intervals. As a protective measure the animals received streptomycin daily. All animals in the 1st two groups died after 22 days, whereas 80% of the 3rd group survived. The results suggest that bone marrow cells either do not multiply in cultures, or if they do multiply it is as fibroblast-like cells. Obviously, such cultures are incapable of producing new hematopoietic cells which will support the irradiated recipient through the acute phase of radiation disease. (BBB)« less


Gravity grasps us all in its thrall as it holds the key to the past, present and future of our universe — and, indeed, of our very existence. Fittingly, Schutz's absorbing book does full justice to the grandeur of its subject. From start to finish it is highly stimulating, at an accessible level which combines simplicity with profundity, making it as suitable to a general readership as to a scholarly audience. With a wealth of insights and up-to-date explanations, it includes enough data and mathematics (mainly relegated to separate illustrative 'boxes' scattered throughout the text) to substantiate the exposition without distracting from the flow of description and reasoning in the main text, and is augmented by appropriate diagrams and marginal notes. On every page, there is food for thought and wonder; the style is clear and cogent, the coverage is topical and comprehensive, and the treatment is persuasive, yet undogmatic. The writing enables one to form an appreciation of the current status and dramatic progress in our understanding of a complex and subtle topic through theoretical and experimental or observational studies, as we stand at the threshold of advances into the new physics of quantum gravity. In his preface, the author provides an overview of his approach in specifying that 'Our quest is not just to wonder and marvel at our Universe, nor simply to admire the cleverness of the scientists who have made the Universe at least partially understandable. Instead, our goal is to understand how the Universe works, to begin to think about the Universe in the same way that these scientists themselves do.' Therein, he succeeds brilliantly; pursuing this quest, in the first half of his book he lays the groundwork of classical astronomy and gravity through an examination of the classical mechanics and dynamics of Copernicus, Galileo, Newton and Clerk Maxwell. That gravity can be commingled with levity is exemplified by his heading chapter 3 on orbital motion as 'Satellites: what goes up doesn't always come down'. A similar spirit pervades the titles of all the other chapters; as in chapter 6, on 'Interplanetary travel: the cosmic roller-coaster' and, in the second half of the book, devoted to relativity and cosmology, chapter 17 on 'Spacetime geometry: finding out what is not relative', not to mention chapter 21 on 'Black holes: gravity's oneway street' and chapter 24 on 'Cosmology: the study of everything'. The work builds up to a climax in the concluding chapter 27, 'Ask the Universe: cosmic questions at the frontiers of gravity'. The second half of his presentation is devoted to Einsteinian relativity, commencing with the special theory in chapter 15 on 'Physics at speed: Einstein stands on Galileo's shoulders' and going on to general relativity in chapter 18 on 'Einstein's gravity: Einstein climbs onto Newton's shoulders' as a precursor to dealing with the concentrated gravity of compact objects as manifested in neutron stars and black holes. Schutz's particular field of expertise is displayed in chapter 22 on 'Gravitational waves: gravity speaks' and chapter 23 on 'Gravitational lenses: bringing the Universe into focus'. As a co-founding director of the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (The Albert Einstein Institute) in Golm, near Potsdam, Germany from 1995, Professor Bernard F. Schutz heads the Astrophysical Relativity Division, and is also affiliated with the School of Physics and Astronomy at Cardiff University in Wales. He is a leader of the data analysis and data acquisition teams of the GEO600 collaboration (of which Cardiff University is a member) and a member of the LISA International Science Author's address: (Professor Eric Sheldon has retired from the University of Massachusetts and is now an Academic Visitor at the University of Oxford), 56 Cunliffe Close, Oxford, Oxon. OX2 7BL, UK. Contemporary Physics, July –August 2004, volume 45, number 4, pages 335 – 339


A one-pot Michael/aza-Henry/lactamization reaction promoted by recyclable fluorous bifunctional cinchona alkaloid/thiourea organocatalyst has been developed for asymmetric synthesis of fluorine-containing 2-piperidinones bearing four stereogenic centers. The asymmetric Michael adducts induce the formation of other three stereogenic centers to afford products with up to 99% ee and 15 : 1 dr.


The possibility of the accuracy increasing of the flow rate measuring of the turbine-power flowmeter is considered in the article. The presence of a constant friction torque in the suspension axes of the indicator turbine and the instability of the elastic element characteristics are considered as the reasons caused the errors. The first of these errors is proposed to be eliminated by taking measurements at two fixed values of the angular velocity of the power turbine rotation, processing the measurement results accordingly. The exact value of the flow in the case of the spring elastic properties instability can be obtained on the basis of identification of the indicator turbine parameters in the transient mode between the indicated angular velocities of the power turbine.


Network measurements are an important tool in understanding the Internet. Due to the expanse of the IPv6 address space, exhaustive scans as in IPv4 are not possible for IPv6. In recent years, several studies have proposed the use of target lists of IPv6 addresses, called IPv6 hitlists. In this paper, we show that addresses in IPv6 hitlists are heavily clustered. We present novel techniques that allow IPv6 hitlists to be pushed from quantity to quality. We perform a longitudinal active measurement study over 6 months, targeting more than 50 M addresses. We develop a rigorous method to detect aliased prefixes, which identifies 1.5 % of our prefixes as aliased, pertaining to about half of our target addresses. Using entropy clustering, we group the entire hitlist into just 6 distinct addressing schemes. Furthermore, we perform client measurements by leveraging crowdsourcing. To encourage reproducibility in network measurement research and to serve as a starting point for future IPv6 studies, we publish source code, analysis tools, and data.


An analysis of the stability of multilayered rubble bases is conducted applying an approach that is based on numerical modeling. The approach consists of theoretical modeling of the interaction of water waves with a caisson‐type breakwater and its rubble base and then employing the predicted flow field in a stability model to determine the required stone size. The flow in the rubble is described by the linearized Forchheimer equation of motion in a coarse granular medium. The boundary element method is applied to solve the problem of the interaction of water waves with the caisson and its rubble base, and to calculate the velocity field. The rubble base stability is determined as a function of the waves and the geometry of rubble base. It is shown that the stability increases with decreasing incident wave height, rubble base height, and bench width. Preliminary results also indicate the necessity of including permeability in the stability analysis. The theoretical results are in reasonable agreement with ...


Abstract:Methemoglobinemia, although uncommon, is a potentially life-threatening complication of topical anesthetics. We describe a case of a 46-year-old man developed a severe methemoglobinemia after routine bronchoscopy. After administration of 1 mg/kg intravenous methylene blue, the patient's con


A discussion of the corrosion/erosion problems which arose in four major process areas of the Solvent-Refined Coal Process pilot plant (designed by the Pittsburg and Midway Coal Mining Co.) at Fort Lewis, Wash., and of the modifications which alleviated these problems covers the coal preparation and slurrying section, including erosion in the coal slurry recirculation pumps and the high-pressure coal slurry preheater charge pump; the preheating and dissolving section, including stress corrosion cracking in the high- and intermediate-pressure separators and the recycle condensate separator; the filtration and mineral residue drying section, including corrosion and erosion of the heat exchangers and carburization of the residue dryer; and the solvent recovery section, including severe corrosion in the wash-solvent column and the light ends column reboiler; and includes corrosion rate data for several alloys used in the various sections.


Objective To investigate the protective effect of heme-oxygenase-1(HO-1) in islets xenotransplantation and its probable mechanism. Methods Male SD rats were used as donors and male C57BL/6 mouse as recipients. Thirty-three recipients were randomly divided into 3 groups according to different mode of pretreatment for donor islets. Group A: islets were cultured for 36 h; Group B: islets were cocultured with 50 mmol/L of cobalt-protoporphyrin (CoPP), a HO-1 inducer, for 36 h; Group C: islets were cocultured with 50 mmol/L of CoPP and 50 mmol/L of zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP), a HO-1 inhibitor, for 36 h. The expression of HO-1 mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR and Western-Blot respectively. Time of normoglycemia was observed after transplantation. The serum concentration of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-1β were detected by ELISA. Results The expression of HO-1 mRNA and protein of Group B were significantly higher than those of other groups (P0.01). The time for maintenance of normoglycemia of Group B was (14.63±1.19) d,significantly longer than that of Group A(9.88±2.17) d and Group C (9.38±1.60 d) (both P0. 01), while there was no significance between groups A and C(P0.05). The serum concentration of IL-10 in group B was (72.97±9.74) pg/mL, significantly higher than those of Group A (30.57±3.94) pg/mL and Group C (45.55±8.26) pg/mL(both P0.05), while it had the same level in groups A and C(P0.05). No significant difference in IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-1β concentration was noted among the 3 groups(P0.05). Conclusions HO-1 induced by CoPP in vitro enhances xenotransplantation of islets. IL-10 might play a role in the process.


The development of Deraeocoris nebulosus (Uhler) was studied in relation to temperature and to water sources additional to food. Development time for D. nebulosus was linear between 20° and 30°C, a...


This article explains the origin,the harm and the controlling countermeasures for such chemical pollution as: formaldehyde,TVOC,and TDI pollution caused by home decoration.


In this paper, we investigate the global stability of a delayed multi-group SIRS epidemic model which includes not only nonlinear incidence rates but also rates of immunity loss and relapse of infection. The model analysis can be regarded as an extension to a multi-group epidemic analysis in [Muroya, Li and Kuniya, Complete global analysis of an SIRS epidemic model with graded cure rate and incomplete recovery rate, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 410 (2014) 719-732] is studied. Applying a Lyapunov functional approach, we prove that a disease-free equilibrium of the model, is globally asymptotically stable, if a threshold parameter $R_0 \leq 1$. For the global stability of an endemic equilibrium of the model, we establish a sufficient condition for small recovery rates $\delta_k \geq 0$, $k=1,2,\ldots,n$, if $R_0>1$. Further, by a monotone iterative approach, we obtain another sufficient condition for large $\delta_k$, $k=1,2,\ldots,n$.
Both results generalize several known results obtained for, e.g., SIS, SIR and SIRS models in the recent literature. We also offer a new proof on permanence which is applicable to other multi-group epidemic models.


The environment is usually changed to benefit human life. However, advances come with a significant environment cost. Our health is suffering severe persecution that created by burning fossil fuels and pour polluting chemical waste into the living environment. Canteen is an important place for college students to eat and socialize, and the air quality of it has a great impact on the health of teachers and students. In this paper, we measured the concentration of acrolein which is the main components of the lampblack in the dining room, and we also put forward two kinds of control measures. Keywords-canteen; lampblack; acrolein; control measures


The rise of the Internet has created an urgent need to define widely agreed-upon methods and vocabularies for describing its contents in a consistent and orderly manner. This necessity can be satisfied by means of the use of metadata schemas. In achieving this aim in relation to the educational, vocational and training sector, several initiatives have emerged at an international level, but there is a need for integrating core skills and competency issues, which are very important in relation to the new paradigm of lifelong learning (LLL), and especially regarding informal education and training in metadata solutions that have arisen in the framework of those initiatives.


T HE opening up of Central and Eastern Europe posed a profound economic challenge for the European Union (EU). Virtually overnight EU countries were confronted with a group of neighbouring countries with structurally very different economic conditions. The economic system of the Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC) was built on nearly 50 years of centrally based planning and even more important was the huge gap in income, wages and productivity. Compared to the gradual process that characterises post-war European integration, the demise of the Communist legacy represented an abrupt shock. After a deep recession in the early nineties, several transition countries are now doing well. If this trend continues some of the CEEC including Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic will turn into fast growing, high performing countries. In Western Europe this prospect is not greeted with enthusiasm by those policymakers, business and trade union representatives who fear the competition of the newly emerging economies in Central and Eastern Europe. Not surprisingly, the adjustment to this new reality has become a key issue on Europe's policy agenda, not in the least because Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovenia and Estonia have started negotiations to join the EU in the near future. Most of the policy concerns relate to employment. Eastern Europe represents a large reservoir of low wage labour in the EU's backyard. There is a concern that


Effects of extracting liquor form five species of bryophytes on seed germination,seeding growth and physiological characteristics of cucumber seeds were investigated.Different concentration of the aqueous extraction of Leucobryum aduncum,Thuidium glaucinum,Dicranoloma fragile,Herbertus sendtneri,Jungermannia hyaline were used to culture cucumber seeds,and the indices including the germinating rate,weight of seedling and radicle,as well as the growth,the chlorophyll content and the content of soluble sugar were determined.The results showed that in some consistency the extracting liquor of the five species have promoted the growth of the radicle and the plumule in various degree.The extracting liquor of Herbertus sendtneri could promote the chlorophyll content.The extracting liquor of Thuidium glaucinum,Herbertus sendtneri,Jungermannia hyalina,Dicranoloma fragile could promote the content of soluble sugar.


Introduction: A new treatment consisting of 1927nm fractional laser followed by application of a sterile growth factor solution has potential to treat androgenic alopecia (AGA). We set out to assess the efficacy of 1927nm laser as a topical assisted delivery system with a proprietary growth factor serum to improve androgenic alopecia, as well as to determine the number of treatments needed. Methods: Ten subjects with mild to moderate AGA had a fiducial point tattooed on the temporal or parietal scalp. The subjects were split into three groups based on the number of treatments. A 1927nm laser was applied to the scalp followed by topical application of the sterile hair growth solution. Clinical and quantified trichoscopic photography were performed at baseline and then at 6, 12, and 24 weeks after the final treatment session. Results: All 10 subjects reported no side effects and were subjectively satisfied with their result. Hair parameters showed increased hair density and diameter, both achieving statistical significance over the six-month period. There was no difference between the groups of varying numbers of treatments. Conclusion: Combining fractional 1927nm laser treatments with a growth factor topical solution is safe and effective in the treatment of AGA. Three treatments at 4-weekly intervals is the best choice for treatment protocol.


The article focuses on Ovid's Tristia 3.9. The poem offers a dramatic portrayal of the mythical fratricide perpetrated by Medea at Tomi, when she killed her brother Absyrtus. The passages taken into account present an imagery very close to descriptions of the massacres of the Civil wars. Absyrtus' severed head and torn limbs are details that remind of the reports of Cicero's death, a theme that was also very popular in the schools of declamation. The connection between Medea and Civil wars was made by Horace too, especially in his Iambi , and by Lucan.


In our Gender and Black Freedom Movements graduate seminar, seven people sat around a conference-style table. At the front of the room, the professor prepared for lecture and class discussion, while two Black and five white graduate students, in between their first and second years, made light conversation. On this day, class discussion centered on the gendered dynamics of the Black Panther Party; we read Ashley D. Farmer's (2017) Remaking Black Power. In the first chapter of Farmer's book is a threeby-five-inch mixed-media image created by artist Gayle Dickinson from the July 1972 Black Panther newspaper. As Farmer (2017) describes,


Amop 14.00 800x600 Working with comic strips in the classroom for teaching languages requires scientific knowledge which are able to subsidize the understanding of the language as a socio-historical nature, constituted in interactive and discursive entanglements socially conveyed. For that, we aim in this paper, to present the speech genre comic strip in order to analyze it from the Sociological Method proposed by Bakhtin, which points out the thematic content, the compositional construction and style as elements for the study of language. To theoretically support our study, as well as Bakhtin (1998, 2000) and Bakhtin / Voloshinov (2004), we will discuss authors such Brait (2013); Silveira, Rohling and Rodrigues (2012), among others. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}


We evaluate the Feynman propagator for the harmonic oscillator in one dimension. Considering the ladder operators for the Hamiltonian of this system, we construct a set of operators which satisfy the su(2) Lie algebra to obtain Mehler's formula.


Engineers and technologists are essential to solving many of the planet's most pressing problems; among them: clean water, sanitation, access to energy, carbon reduction, built infrastructure, disaster relief, transportation, and sustainable agriculture. These issues are headlines in the domain referred to as "humanitarian engineering". Yet, despite the urgency, the majority of engineers do not spend their careers solving the problems where need is greatest. In what ways can young engineers be drawn towards working on the critical challenges being faced by so many people worldwide? By what means can a feeling of professional responsibility or duty be inculcated? How can the goals of humanitarian engineering be linked to young engineers' views of their own careers? This paper reviews one effort to address these questions by way of an online course linking questions of cultural dimensions, multicultural teams, and intercultural communication to humanitarian engineering, sustainable development goals (SDGs), and engineers' social responsibility. Pre- and post-assessments reveal several statistically significant trends that suggest the online course, entitled "Intercultural Engineering," has some efficacy in shifting students' perspectives. As such, it appears to be a useful tool in supporting SDG 17, which seeks to revitalize global partnerships for sustainable development through shared values, visions, and goals.


Archives information automation system is a need to use a variety of academic knowledge,professional and more departments cooperate and many aspects of complex systems engineering.The system construction and development of the present stage,a study to explore systems coordination and strengthening management and decision-making is essential.


That the mouth and the body are not disconnected should come as no surprise. In this article, the links between periodontal and systemic health will be reviewed by investigating these in both directions, starting with the more familiar effects of systemic conditions on periodontal health and progressing to the emerging effects of periodontal health on systemic health. Where suitable, tips will be provided for practitioners caring for patients with periodontitis and systemic diseases. CPD/Clinical Relevance: In recognition of the important role that the oral cavity plays in the body and the important role that oral healthcare providers play in the management of the general wellbeing of patients, this article highlights the link between periodontitis and systemic heath. This allows practitioners to care more holistically for their patients.


Prevailing theories of offline memory consolidation posit that the pattern of neurons activated during a salient sensory experience will be faithfully reactivated, thereby stabilizing the entire pattern1-3. However, sensory-evoked patterns are not stable, but instead drift across repeated experiences4-7. To investigate potential roles of reactivations in the stabilization and/or drift of sensory representations, we imaged calcium activity of thousands of excitatory neurons in mouse lateral visual cortex. Presentation of a stimulus resulted in transient, stimulus-specific reactivations during the following minute. These reactivations depended on local circuit activity, as they were abolished by local silencing during the preceding stimulus. Contrary to prevailing theories, reactivations systemically differed from previous patterns evoked by the stimulus. Instead, they were more similar to future patterns evoked by the stimulus, thereby predicting representational drift. In particular, neurons that participated more or less in early reactivations than in stimulus response patterns subsequently increased or decreased their future stimulus responses, respectively. The rate and content of these reactivations was sufficient to accurately predict future changes in stimulus responses and, surprisingly, the decreasing similarity of responses to distinct stimuli. Thus, activity patterns during sensory cortical reactivations may guide the drift in sensory responses to improve sensory discrimination8.


Harry Kesten's publications - a personal perspective, Rick Durrett lattice trees, percolation, and super-Brownian motion, Gordon Slade percolation in infinity+1 dimensions at the uniqueness threshold, Roberto Schonmann percolation on transitive graphs as a coalescent process - relentless merging followed by simultaneous uniqueness, Olle Haggstrom et al inequalities and entanglements for percolation and random cluster models, Goeff Grimmett from greedy lattice animals to first passage percolation, Doug Howard, Charles Newman reverse shapes in first passage percolation and related growth models, Janko Gravner, David Griffeath double behaviours of critical first passage percolation, Yu Zhang the Van Den Berg-Kesten-Reimer inequality - a review, Christian Borgs et al large scale degrees and the number of spanning clusters of the uniform spanning tree, Itai Benjamini on the absence of phase transition in the monomer-dimer model, J. van den Berg loop erased random walk, Greg Lawler dominance of the sum over the maximum and some new classes of stochastic compactness, Phil Griffin, Ross Maller stability and heavy traffic limits for queuing networks, Maury Bramson rescaled particle systems converging to super-Brownian motion, Jean-Francois Le Gall branching random walks on finite trees, Tom Liggett Toom's stability theorem in continuous time, Larry Gray the role of explicit space in plant competition models, Claudia Neuhauser large derivations for the simple exclusion process, Srinivasa Varadhan the Gibbs conditioning principle for Markov chains, Ana Meda, Peter Ney.


The effects of deformation temperature and strain rate on austenite dynamic recrystallization behaviour of microalloyed bainitic engineering steel were investigated by single pass compression test in Gleeble1500 thermal simulator testing machine. According to true stress-strain curves on various test conditions, dynamic recrystallization took place under higher deformation temperature and lower strain rate circumstances.


Finding sequences of points that rapidly converge to a solution of a given polynomial equation or a system of polynomial equations with complex coefficients (i.e. approximating points on complex varieties) is one of the fundamental questions in mathematics and its applications. We will present three new methods of constructing such sequences. We firstly create a surface in a 3-dimensional real vector space whose minima are located exactly at the solutions of our equation. Each of these methods finds a sequence that converges to a minimum point on such a surface. Two of the methods belong to the class of gradient descent methods, and the third method uses osculating circles. One of the two gradient descent methods will be applied to solving systems of polynomial equations with complex coefficients. There will be examples, code snippets, and outputs of programs to illustrate all of these methods.


According to liquidity asset pricing theory equity market liquidity is an important factor of the cost of equity. As the factors of the equity market liquidity also influence the liquidity of corporate debts, a company with higher stock liquidity could therefore face lower cost of debt financing. Employing Probit regression technique, we examine the different effects of stock liquidity on equity financing and debt financing. It is found that for listed companies the probability of debt financing decreases while the probability of equity financing increases with increasing equity market liquidity.


This book is, in its author's words, a "survey" of "the architectural forms deriving from the cult of saints." Beginning with a lucid exposition of the cult of relics in the early Middle Ages (for example, burial ad sanctos and the relationship between relics and altars, as well as ideas of virtus and praesentia), the book moves on to consider physical arrangements for the cult down to c. 750 (for example, the construction of churches over the tombs of saints). There is then an interesting chapter on the influence of earlier Roman architecture on the crypts of the Carolingian renaissance, followed by a survey of rather different developments (notably the appearance of radiating chapels) from the ninth to the eleventh centuries. The focus of the book then becomes more English, with a chapter on relic cults in Normandy and England in the tenth and eleventh centuries,and another on relic cults in England in the twelfth century. A final chapter deals with the development of shrines across the whole period. This is a well-written, well-researched, and notably well-presented book. The plans and plates, which are generally Crook's own, are of a very high standard. Moreover,Crook is often deploying firsthand knowledge of the sites discussed, and brings to bear on them the expertise of a specialist architectural historian. He brings into discussion a number of neglected or less well-known sites, which deserve the prominence given to them by his work.As a survey,the book is therefore a very useful contribution, and provides a mine of information. It nevertheless has limitations. Its underlying method is to interpret archaeological and architectural remains in terms of literary sources for the cult of saints, with the result that it tends to reinforce rather than modify existing interpretations. The aim seems often to be to explain the remains in question, rather than to seek to use them as evidence in their own right. Admittedly, Crook takes a step in this direction when he deals with England, and here he is at his best reevaluating the impact of the Norman Conquest on the English church in terms of the extent to which the cult of saints was—or was not—accommodated in churches constructed shortly after the Conquest, and the apparent resurgence of interest in English saints'cults in the twelfth century. Even here,however,the reader often feels the lack of a real synthesis,as Crook delves into example after example, handling some in a very detailed although admittedly fascinating way (his discussion of the 'Holy Hole' at Winchester, for example). His discussion of Carolingian crypts and their relationship to earlier Roman architecture is another good example of the author really using his material to re-evaluate history, although in fact he here moves little beyond the work of R. Krautheimer on Carolingian basilicas. In the end, we are left with "the persistent architectural influence of the cult of saints," involving "a compromise between the needs of the clergy and those of the people who flocked to the body of the local saint." This is not a revelatory conclusion, and it is to be hoped that Crook's book will now stimulate scholars to come to grips with the material remains it surveys as free-standing evidence for the beliefs and attitudes of the 716 BOOK REVIEWS


ESTIMATION OF THE ERRORS OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FINANCIAL FLOWS OF INVESTMENT PROJECTS IN THE ROCKET AND THE SPACE INDUSTRY Орлов Александр Иванович д.э.н., д.т.н., к.ф.-м.н., профессор РИНЦ SPIN-код : 4342-4994 Orlov Alexander Ivanovich Dr.Sci.Econ., Dr.Sci.Tech., Cand.Phys-Math.Sci., professor


Abstract Background Kidney injury (KI) has been documented in dogs treated with furosemide for left‐sided congestive heart failure (CHF). Hypothesis/Objectives Determine risk factors for development of KI in furosemide‐treated dogs and determine the effect of KI on survival. Animals Seventy‐nine client‐owned dogs receiving parenteral furosemide for CHF. Methods Serum creatinine (sCr) and electrolyte concentrations were determined during hospitalization and at first outpatient reevaluation to detect and stage KI (increase in sCr ≥0.3 mg/dL). Furosemide dosage administered between timepoints was calculated. Multivariable modeling was performed to identify predictors of KI and percent change in serum biochemistry results over time. Results Kidney injury was identified in 38/79 (48%) dogs and mostly occurred during hospitalization. Kidney injury was Grade I in 25 dogs, Grade II in 9 dogs, and Grade III in 4 dogs. Higher blood pressure was associated with acute KI during hospitalization (odds ratio, 1.03; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.01‐1.07; P = .03) whereas PO furosemide dosage was associated with KI after hospital discharge (odds ratio, 7.77; 95% CI, 2.05‐68.6; P = .02). Baseline sCr and use of a furosemide continuous rate infusion were not associated with increased risk of KI. Kidney injury was not associated with long‐term outcome. Of 13 dogs with Grade II‐III KI, azotemia was reversible in 9 dogs, and 6 dogs survived >1 year after KI. Conclusions and Clinical Importance In this cohort of dogs receiving parenteral furosemide for CHF, KI was common, mostly nonazotemic (Grade I), and did not impact survival.


Frierson's study examines the revealing images of the peasant created by Russian writers, scholars, journalists, and government officials in the twenty years following emancipation. She illustrates how the question, "Who is the Russian peasant?" became deeply embedded in the larger questions of "What is Russia?" and "What will Russia be?" in the programs of liberal reformers and conservatives alike. Along the way she introduces readers to the stereotypes created by intellectuals (including such writers as Tolstoy and Dostoevsky) in order to comprehend peasant life, from the likeable narod, the simple man of the simple folk, to the exploitative kulak, the village strongman.


Paleohistory Two years ago I had the privilege of addressing the IAHN on the "prehistory" of dialysis, from the first ideas of fluid flow in tissues and in vitro systems in the 18 th century, until the first successful clinical dialysis in the 1940s. I now have the additional privilege to address the parallel evolution of the "prehistory" of renal transplantation, from first attempts at skin grafting in the 18 th century to the first successful organ grafts in the 1950s and 60s.


fi? WHO IS COMPETENT TO .,JUDGE THE conduct of the daily press in a free country? Most newspapermen, of course, say that the readers are doing this job quite properly and, by buying a paper, express their satisfaction with its perforrnance. They also contend that there is no other product which exposes itself so thoroughly and continually to public criticism. Newspaper work is done in a kind of glass house; everyone can examine its accuracy and sincerity by making comparisons with other papers or radio-broadcasts. It is alleged that the press prints falsehoods. If it cccasionally does, publishers as well as journalists regard it as a great misfortune which may impair the reputation of the journal concerned and could endanger its circulation. Newspapermen emphatically reject the insinuation that they ever deliberately indulge in misrepresentation of fact and point to the vast sums spent by the press to secure the greatest possible accuracy in its news service. This optimism, however, is not always shared by circles outside the newspaper world, at least as far as the


Abstract Sera from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum), which had been immunised with live cells ofAeromonas hydrophila, caused strong agglutination of formalised and live cells ofA. hydrophila. In contrast, lower titres were recorded with sheared and pasteurised cells. Extremely weak agglutination occurred with boiled or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) deficient cells. By means of enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), it was revealed that trout antiserum reacted with LPS, extracellular products (ECP), exopolysaccharides (EPS), and subcellular components derived from cells which had been pasteurised, sheared, boiled or extracted with EDTA and/or guanidine. It was concluded that LPS is the major antigenic component of whole cells, whereas EPS and a haemolytic component of the ECP could have induced an antibody response in the fish.


Introduction: Physical activity is defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure. Physical inactivity has been identified as the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality causing an estimated 3.2 million deaths globally. Objectives: To find the physical activity status of the adolescent girls and to know their body image perception. Materials And Methods: The study was conducted at the Bagbazar Slum of Urban Field Practice Area of R.G.Kar Medical College. A total of 107 girls from 10 to 19 years of age residing in this slum participated in this study. A pre-designed, pre-tested questionnaire was used for data collection. For determining physical activity status Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used and the results were compared with the WHO guidelines for physical activity for adolescents. METs (Metabolic Equivalents) are used for the analysis of GPAQ data. MET is the ratio of a person's working metabolic rate relative to the resting metabolic rate. One MET is defined as the energy cost of sitting quietly and is equivalent to a caloric consumption of 1 kcal/kg/hour. Therefore, when calculating a person's overall energy expenditure using GPAQ data, 4 METs get assigned to the time spent in moderate activities, and 8 METs to the time spent in vigorous activities. Results: Only 14.28% of girls in the age group 10 to 17 years and 67.56% of girls above 17 years had physical activity above recommended guidelines. 57% of girls had no recreation involving physical activity of any kind. 47.7% of girls were not satisfied with their body image. Conclusion: Physical activity should be promoted among adolescent girls to prevent occurrence of NCD and lead a healthy life.


We encountered a rare case of actinomycosis in the maxillary sinus secondary to an iatrogenic foreign body.A 32-year-old man was referred to our hospital for evaluation and treatment of nasal obstruction. The clinical diagnosis was odontogenic maxillary sinuitis. Under general anesthesia, a radical sinusotomy of the right maxillary sinus and apicoectomy of the right maxillary second premolar were performed. We found necrotic tissue and an iatrogenic foreign body with sulfur granules at the bottom of the maxillary sinus. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of actinomyces. The histopathological diagnosis was actinomycosis.The postoperative course has been uneventful as of 20 months after operation.


This article analyses the turn towards morality by French postmodernist and poststructuralist Michel Foucault. It emphasises the question, what is the distance between Foucault and Kant. Foucault can be considered as a radical Antikantian, when one takes into account his attitude toward anthropology. Besides that, the Antikantianism of Foucault stems from the interpretation of relation between power and subject following Nietzschean genealogy. Notwithstanding his Antikantianism Foucault is not so ardent critic of Modernity as Alasdair Maclntyre. In Kant's attitude toward present elaborated in the article "What is EnĮightenment?" he finds echo of his own project - "ontology of present". But Foucault's investigation of morals goes into opposite direction than Kant's. Kant looked for a priori and timeless foundations of morals. Foucault in his genealogy investigates historical structures of morality. In every historical culture he discusses the same repeating structural contours of morality. He sees the connection between power games and relation towards oneself (rappon a soi) in Greek, Roman and Christian cultures.


The rising of governance is only in recent ten years,and become so fashionable in the world for so short time. Moreover,it has been used in any field. This article tries to discusse its rising for the future research in China.


The retention data of twenty one monosubstituted phenols in the eluent systems containing 30∼70% of methanol or acetonitrile as organic modifiers, on and Phenyl columns were collected to investigate the effect of the substituted groups on the retention of phenols. The capacity factors of the solutes except amino phenols are greater on than on Phenyl column. And all the solutes have shown greater capacity factors in methanol-water than that in acetonitrile-water as a mobile phase. Generally the elution order between meta and para isomers of monosubstituted phenols in consistent (p or phenyl group of columns. And then, the effect of unreacted silanol on the retention of the monosubstituted phenols is greater on than on Phenyl column. And the greater hydrogen bonding acceptor basicity() of the substituted group is, the greater this effect is. The relationship between the retention of the monosubstituted phenols and their parameters such as van der Waals volume(VWV) and hydrogen bonding acceptor basicity() has been investigated. The good linearity has been observed in the plot log k' vs. (1.01VWV/100-1.84). In consequence, the retention of the monosubstituted phenols on and Phenyl columns can be easily predicted by the parameter (1.01VWV/100-1.84).


-A few farming systems have carried forth the legacy of Neolithic in the thousands of ancestral crop varieties known as "landraces." Our debt to this heritage is immeasurable, yet the very success of modem agriculture is contributing to the disappearance of landraces. A handful of scientifically bred varieties has replaced thousands of ancestral types in twenty years as part of the worldwide effort to develop agriculture. Although landraces and the farming systems that maintain them are part of long evolutionary processes, rapid change threatens their survival. Given the value of landraces for genetic resources, their replacement has been termed "genetic erosion." This paper develops a framework for analyzing genetic erosion and discusses the status of genetic resources of crops in two areas of genetic diversity, the Andes and Southeast Asia. Similarities and differences in the pattern of genetic change relating to the adoption of modem crop varieties are observed. The pattern shows a dichotomy between commercial and subsistence farming systems and between micro-regions. By describing conservation and loss of genetic resources we can obtain a more accurate understanding of agricultural change in underdeveloped and marginal areas.


The invention relates to a thermal-cycle pressure spray drying tower which comprises a drying tower body, a deduster, a heat exchanger and a mechanical compression fan, wherein the deduster is communicated with the lower part of the drying tower body; the heat exchanger is communicated with the deduster; the mechanical compression fan is communicated with the heat exchanger; and the mechanical compression fan is used for performing suction, compression and heating on air inside the drying tower body, and sending the compressed and heated hot air into the drying tower body. The thermal-cycle pressure spray drying tower can implement quick heating on the air inside the drying tower body, and can perform cyclic utilization on the heat discharged by the drying tower, thereby reducing the heat discharge, lowering the energy consumption and saving the cost.


The optical characteristics of a high-flux solar simulator that comprises an array of Xe-arc lamps with ellipsoidal specular reflectors of common focus is examined using the Monte Carlo ray tracing technique. The parameters varied are arc diameter, focal length, eccentricity, truncation diameter, and angular error of specular reflection. The geometrical design of the truncated ellipsoidal reflector is optimized for maximum transfer efficiency, defined as the portion of radiation intercepted by a circular target centered at the common focal point. An array of ten 15 kW Xe-arc lamps of 9 mm electrode gap and 35% electrical-to-radiant efficiency, each closed-coupled with an ellipsoidal reflector of optimum design, should be capable of delivering an average radiative power flux exceeding 5900 kW/m2 over a 6 cm-diameter circular target, with an overall transfer efficiency of 31.9%.Copyright © 2005 by ASME