Shepherd of the Hills Country: Tourism Transforms the Ozarks, 1880s-1930s Lynn Morrow and Linda Myers-Phinney. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 1999. Tourism is projected to become the number one industry in Missouri in the twenty-first century, bringing in more than $17 billion annually. Lynn Morrow and Linda Myers-Phinney draw on their experience as preservationists and archivists to examine the evolution and impact of tourism in the Ozarks, a mountain and river chain in Missouri and Arkansas. In the nineteenth century, immigrants came by wagon roads and keelboats, and established a stockman's agriculture centering on furs, pelts, cattle, hogs, cotton, grain, flour, and lumber. In the 1870s, railroads broke down the isolation of the frontier, expanded the population, and diversified the economy. As the United States industrialized and urbanized in the mid-nineteenth century, people sought escape from the stresses and strains of cities. The countryside offered opportunities of rest, relaxation, and regeneration from regimented lives. People of means from Kansas City, St. Louis, and other Midwestern points sought out the Ozarks for physical and spiritual regeneration. Harold Bell Wright romanticized the natural and primitive locale in The Shepherd of the Hills (1907). More and more people wanted to experience the romanticized ideal of simplicity and wholesomeness. Travelogues provided a popular way of explaining and inventing the mythical Ozarks. Tourists were attracted to the karst formations: valleys, caves, springs, and sinkholes carved by water running over limestone. In a state that had over 4,000 caves, Marble Cave, Missouri, for example, had multiple lives: a repository of minerals, relics of earlier civilizations, and natural fertilizer (bat dung); a sublime place to hold social and political events; and a natural storage site for food and moonshine. Hunting and fishing also proved popular, not simply for food and clothing but also for sport and recreation. Float trips became a popular wilderness adventure. In the 1890s, wealthy businessmen purchased thousands of acres for private game parks and made longterm investments. Over the decades, commercialization also set in. As the railroad added a spur to Marble Cave, management in turn accommodated visitors by erecting ladders down into the cavern, a stage for performances in the Great Room, and cabins and souvenir stands around the attraction. Local arts and crafts-handmade chairs, rugs, quilts, and baskets - became cottage industries. …


In Late Qing,Tanci(storytelling to the accompaniment of stringed instruments) actresses emerged as Shanghai opened to the outside world,Western civilization had strong impacts and traditional entertainment was being commercialized.Their appearance,growth and disappearance all have socio-economic influence.Compared with other cities in the lower reaches of Changjiang River,all of the location,space,patterns,and varieties of their performances bear the characteristics of vulgarity and even eroticism.The essential cause of the Shanghai actresses' tragic ending lies in the fact of social transformation of Shanghai into a modern city.


Gamma‐tocotrienol (γT3) is an analogue of vitamin E with beneficial effects on the immune system, including immune‐modulatory properties. This study reports the immune‐modulatory effects of daily supplementation of γT3 on host T helper (Th) and T regulatory cell (Treg) populations in a syngeneic mouse model of breast cancer. Female BALB/c mice were fed with either γT3 or vehicle (soy oil) for 2 weeks via oral gavage before they were inoculated with syngeneic 4T1 mouse mammary cancer cells (4T1 cells). Supplementation continued until the mice were euthanized. Mice (n = 6) were euthanized at specified time‐points for various analysis (blood leucocyte, cytokine production and immunohistochemistry). Tumour volume was measured once every 7 days. Gene expression studies were carried out on tumour‐specific T lymphocytes isolated from splenic cultures. Supplementation with γT3 increased CD4+ (p < 0.05), CD8+ (p < 0.05) T‐cells and natural killer cells (p < 0.05) but suppressed Treg cells (p < 0.05) in peripheral blood when compared to animals fed with the vehicle. Higher interferon (IFN)‐γ and lower transforming growth factor (TGF)‐ꞵ levels were noted in the γT3 fed mice. Immunohistochemistry findings revealed higher infiltration of CD4+ cells, increased expression of interleukin‐12 receptor‐beta‐2 (IL‐12ꞵ2R), interleukin (IL)‐24 and reduced expression of cells that express the forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) in tumours from the γT3‐fed animals. Gene expression studies showed the down‐regulation of seven prominent genes in splenic CD4+ T cells isolated from γT3‐fed mice. Supplementation with γT3 from palm oil‐induced T cell‐dependent cell‐mediated immune responses and suppressed T cells in the tumour microenvironment in a syngeneic mouse model of breast cancer.


Federal student-aid policy is designed with the goal of expanding access to higher education for all students. It has been enormously successful in achieving that goal. Yet, for many students, federal student aid has served only to burden them with oppressive studentdebt obligations. These obligations are a particular problem with respect to the for-profit higher-education sector, which receives a large and ever-growing proportion of federal aid. This Note examines the interaction between federal student-aid policy and for-profit institutions, arguing that the noble goals of modern federal studentaid policy enable the very practices that lead to negative outcomes for many students by creating a lucrative market for "subprime education." This Note analyzes a continuum of approaches to reducing the negative student outcomes caused by many for-profit institutions, concluding that the blame lies not with for-profit institutions but with federal student-aid policy. Ultimately, the modern federal student-aid regime requires regulators to choose between abetting negative student outcomes and reducing access to higher education. This dilemma can be avoided only by deemphasizing the student-oriented aid model in favor of an institution-centered model that is focused on reducing the price of education.


Essential tremor (ET) is a common movement disorder in adults and the condition has also been reported in children [1,2]. In the vast majority of patients, a positive family history can frequently be elicited. Current evidence suggests that the inheritance of ET can be autosomal dominant or follow a complex inheritance pattern. Efforts to identify ET susceptibility loci have proved challenging. Thus far, linkage analysis studies in Icelandic and North American families have identified three genetic loci in chromosome 3q13 (ETM1) [3], 2p22-p25 (ETM2) [4] and 6p23 [5], where the causative ET genes may be located. As many families do not show evidence for linkage to any of these loci, multiple yet undiscovered ET genes probably exist. Like in other complex disorders, there have been attempts to unravel common genetic risk factors that might contribute to the etiology of apparent sporadic forms of ET [6–12]. Higgins et al. [9] described a putative mutation (A265G) in the HS1-BP3 gene that was found to associate with familial ET. However, the excitement for this observation abated when the variant was subsequently found in normal controls and could not be consistently replicated in patients [10]. More recently, a Ser9Gly variant in the DRD3 gene located in the ETM1 locus was demonstrated to associate with risk and age at onset of ET [11]. The variant also appears to co-segregate with ET in some families [12]. The DRD3 is of interest as it encodes the dopamine D3 receptor, a member of the D2 family of dopamine receptors. D3 receptors may be involved in the regulation of locomotion as DRD3 protein is expressed in the Purkinje cells of the rat cerebellum, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of ET [11]. In vitro, DRD3 has been shown to mediate ERK activation and the functional Gly9 variant elevates dopamine affinity and dopamine-mediated cyclic-AMP response and prolongs the mitogen-associated protein kinase signal. Replication of a genetic association in independent populations is the litmus test of its validity. Two studies in this issue of EJN attempted to address the replicability involving the DRD3 variant. Vitale et al. [13] in a case control study in the Italian population did not find such an association in their familial ET patients. The authors also genotyped the variant in 76 affected and 20 non-affected subjects from 16 ET families. Co-segregation of the Gly-9 allele was suggested in only three families. However, the strength of this co-segregation is not clear as details were not provided. Inashkina et al. [14] analyzed short tandem repeat markers located within the ETM 1 and ETM2 loci, but no association of these markers with ET was detected in the Latvian population. Furthermore, they found no significant difference in the frequency of the DRD3 Ser9Gly variant between cases and controls. A similar study also did not detect the association in the Asian population [6]. Blair et al. [15] analyzed the association with this variant using linkage analysis, association study and transmission disequilibrium test in a much larger group of ET patients and controls and arrived at a similar conclusion. The failure by various groups to replicate the DRD3 association with ET is disappointing and suggests that the Ser9Gly variant is unlikely to play a major role in ET susceptibility in the majority of patients. However, it is timely to remind ourselves that findings from both hypothesis-generating and replication studies in ET genetic association studies are frequently influenced by various confounding variables. For most published studies, the sample size remains relatively small, the study populations vary (including a mix of familial and sporadic cases), family history is frequently unreliable with no validation [16], and clinical diagnostic criteria are variably applied. To compound these problems, there is significant clinical and genetic heterogeneity among ET patients, and incomplete penetrance is an important confounding factor in linkage analysis. Misdiagnosis can occur as ET can also be an initial presentation of other genetic disorders [17,18]. Several environmental factors have been postulated in ET pathogenesis, and the magnitude of the gene–environmental interaction in the common garden variety of ET is unclear. Because of all these reasons, cautious interpretation of genetic association studies in ET is advised. To surmount these problems, multiple approaches are needed to unravel causative genes of ET. Perhaps, one should focus on selected groups of ET patients who are genetically enriched. In ET families with clear Mendelian inheritance, a mapping–cloning strategy including parametric linkage analysis and candidate gene screening remains the norm. However, long-term follow-up and re-evaluation of the initial analysis of non-affected subjects will be important. In sporadic patients, validation of a link through comparative analysis of linkage disequilibrium and disease-association patterns in the very young onset patients may be potentially fruitful. These can be reinforced by studies involving sibpairs, monozygotic twins, and nuclear families. An understanding of the aetiopathogenesis of a disease and the role that inheritance can play can be an


In view of the increased incidences of cardiac arrest outside hospital year by year and younger tendency of the patients,foreign medical education practice showed that school-age children accepting cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skill training will benefit most from this survival skill in the future.This article elaborated on the meaning and methods of promoting CPR training in primary and middle school based on the present situation of CPR in order to promote its further development.

Key words:
Cardiac arrest; Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; Primary and middle school


The problems associated with the modification of Hamilton's principle to cover nonholonomic constraints by the application of the multiplier theorem of variational calculus are discussed. The reason for the problems is subtle and is discussed, together with the reason why the proper account of nonholonomic constraints is outside the scope of Hamilton's variational principle. However, linear velocity constraints remain within the scope of D'Alembert's principle. A careful and comprehensive analysis facilitates the resolution of the puzzling features of nonholonomic constraints.


[aims] Based on the field trials,the efficacy and recommended dosage of tribenuron.thifensulfuon 55% WG were determined for controlling broad-leaf weeds in winter wheat field.[Methods] Tribenuron.thifensulfuon 55% WG was applied at wheat recovering date and then control effect and injure to wheat were investigated at different stages.[Results] The recommended dose of tribenuron.thifensulfuon 55% WG was 24.75-33 g a.i./ha.The integrated plant and fresh weight control effects were 81.70-99.00% and 90.73-99.33% on weeds respectively after 28 days after spaying.[Conclusions] Tribenuron.thifensulfuon 55% WG shows better control on broad-leaf weeds in winter wheat field and is safe to wheat growth.


1 Experiments were performed using the selective AT1 receptor antagonist, GR117289, and the selective AT2 receptor antagonist, PD123177, to assess the relative importance of AT1 versus AT2 receptors in mediating the renal effects of angiotensin II (AII) in vivo, in salt‐replete pentobarbitone‐anaesthetized dogs. 2 The AT1 receptor antagonist, GR117289 (0.5 mg kg−1 + 1 μg kg−1 min−1, i.v.), caused renal vasodilatation, characterized by a mean increase of 21 ± 5% in renal blood flow, 45 min post‐dose. GR117289 also caused a fall in mean blood pressure (12 ± 4%), but despite this, sodium and urine excretion were not reduced. Indeed, there was a tendency for urine output and sodium excretion to increase, although the changes were not statistically significant. GR117289 caused a reduction in plasma aldosterone levels (−35 ± 16%) 45 min post‐dose, despite increasing plasma renin activity (+ 173 ± 42%). In contrast to GR117289, the AT2 receptor antagonist, PD123177 (20 μg kg−1 min−1 intra‐renal artery; i.r.a.) caused no significant change in blood pressure, renal blood flow, or sodium and urine excretion, indicating that the renal effects of endogenous AII in these salt‐replete animals are mediated predominantly by AT1 receptors. 3 Intra‐renal artery infusion of AII (1–300 ng kg−1 min−1) caused dose‐related renal vasoconstriction, and decreases in urine output, sodium excretion, fractional excretion of sodium, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The AT1 receptor antagonist, GR117289 (0.5 mg kg−1 + 1 μg kg−1 min−1, i.v.) antagonized these renal effects of AII, causing 15–38 fold rightward displacements of mean dose‐response curves for these parameters. In contrast, PD123177 (20 μg kg−1 min−1, i.r.a.) failed to antagonize the renal haemodynamic and excretory effects of lower doses of AII (1–10 ng kg−1 min−1, i.r.a.). However, at higher doses of AII (30–300 ng kg−1 min−1, i.r.a.), while PD123177 still failed to antagonize the effects of the peptide on urine output, sodium excretion and GFR, it did cause a small, but significant, degree of inhibition of AII‐induced renal vasoconstriction. In addition, at a higher dose (50 μg kg−1 min−1, i.r.a.), PD123177 caused a greater degree of antagonism of AII‐induced renal vasoconstriction, while renal excretory responses to AII remained unaffected. 4 This study shows that the renal haemodynamic and excretory effects of AII in salt‐replete anaesthetized dogs are mainly mediated by angiotensin AT1 receptors. However, the inhibitory effect of PD123177 on renal vasoconstrictor responses to high doses of AII, raises the possibility that functionally important AT2 receptors are present in the canine renal vasculature.


We have studied the onset of dissipation in quantum Hall systems (QHSs), patterned in various geometries (Hall bars, meanders and Corbino rings) from wafers with heterojunctions (GaAs/GaAlAs) and HgTe quantum wells with adjacent HgCdTe barriers. The QH samples were excited by electrical pulses with pulse durations tP of 0.5 ns ≤ tP ≤ 180 ns or by illumination with electromagnetic waves of 1.7 THz ≤ f ≤ 2.5 THz. These waves were either emitted coherently by a pulsed p‐Ge laser system or by a thermal source. In the case of excitation by electric pulses, it is necessary to exceed a certain critical pulse length $ t ^{\rm c}_{\rm P} $ which is a function of various extrinsic parameters and sample properties. For $ t _{\rm P} < t ^{\rm c}_{\rm P} $ no dissipation occurs inside the QHSs. Also, using THz illumination, the QHSs can be driven to dissipation. We found different mechanisms to be responsible for the photoresponse (PR) of the QHSs: non‐resonant (bolometric) and resonant (cyclotron resonance) contributions to the PR of the QHSs. First attempts to develop a quantitative model for the observed data are made. We are able to describe a part of the observations by either a drift model or a two‐level model. The quantitative agreement of these calculations with the measured data is, however, limited. This is due to the simplicity of the models applied so far and to the complex behaviour of QHSs when nonlinearly excited. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Despite increasing focus on test and treat strategies for people living with HIV (PLHIV), many continue to enrol late in care and initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) when they have advanced HIV disease.


Nanometer thin membranes with considerable application potential in micro mechanics and materials science can be prepared by transferring cross-linked monomolecular layers of polyisoprenes or polyisobutenes with ionic head groups from the water surface to solid substrates with holes. Especially if monolayers of low glass transition polymers are cross-linked, elastomeric membranes are obtained, which might find application in micro mechanical devices like membrane valves and pumps. Incorporation of hydrophobised colloids leads to composite membranes, which can be converted into porous membranes via removal of the colloids.


Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a condition of overexpressed inflammatory response resulting in hypercytokinemia, macrophages infiltration and subsequent multiple organ failure. Without treatment, it leads to death. The main etiological factors include: viral, bacterial and parasitic infections, malignancies and autoinflammatory diseases. The main clinical manifestations are: high fever ≥38°C, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly. Central nervous system involvement occurs in 30–70% of cases. Less common symptoms include: dyspnea, cough, arrhythmias, jaundice, peripheral edema, rashes, albinism and diarrhea. The picture of the disease seen in laboratory tests consists of: duopenia, hypofibrinogenemia (<150 mg/dL) high D-dimers level, hyperferritinemia. Other abnormalities include hypertiglyceridemia, elevated liver enzymes, hyperbilirubinemia, hypoalbuminemia and hyponatremia. Diagnostics include: laboratory tests, histopathological examination, lumbar puncture, radiological imaging, functional test and genetic checking. It is important to rule out factors mimicking HLH. Some of the old, well known criteria are no more relevant nowadays. The aim of the therapy is immunosuppressive, immunomodulatory and anti-cytokine treatment, using HLH-2004 protocol. In secondary HLH, elimination of the causative agent is critical. In case of primary HLH, or relapse of secondary forms allogenic transplantation is the only curative treatment. The prognosis is uncertain.


The effective way to educate students on using technologies is through hands-on experience. Learning a subject
by hands-on experience can synchronize their head and hands, making the subject matter easier to be absorbed as well as stimulating the mind of the students to be more creative and innovative. In teaching nformation Technology Security, exposing the student to real-time scenario of threat and safeguarding network resources expose the student to the real danger of exploitation and the devastating effect of security breach
on network infrastructure. Unfortunately this requires a huge amount of time and cost for preparing and setting up the equipment and software for the practical session. Moreover, most of the activity in a security subject can also jeopardize other devices in the real network, for
instance simulating a worm attack or hijacking server attack might affect the whole network of the campus. Thus, a special laboratory environment that can be set up with minimal cost, is easy to manage and can isolate the hazardous activities from the real environment is needed. In order to alleviate this problem, this paper presents an implementation of Virtualization Technology in
teaching Information Technology Security which allows labs to progress in a secure and portable manner while providing additional protection for the real systems.


Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image classification based on deep learning methods has attracted huge enthusiasm among researchers. Sufficient training data guarantee the generalization ability of neural networks. However, it is quite difficult to collect large amount of high-quality and labeled SAR data in real situations. In this letter, a method based on contrastive learning and pseudo-labels is proposed to solve the few-shot SAR image classification problem. First, a siamese structure is introduced to learn semantic representations of SAR target images. The feature vectors obtained in this stage can reveal the similarity between bi-temporal SAR images. Then, the backbone network of the siamese network is connected to a classification head for instance-level classification. The pseudo-label strategy is adopted to gradually improve the performance. A loss function that changes with iteration is designed to optimize the training process with true labels and pseudo-labels. Besides, considering the imprecision of single-network architecture, we adopt dual-networks and cross-training strategies. The final result is obtained by integrating the results of the dual-networks. Ablation studies show that the designed components of the proposed method are effective. Comparative experiments on the moving and stationary target acquisition and recognition (MSTAR) data set demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method when dealing with limited training data in the SAR classification.


Smart Meters are being deployed by the millions across the country and the globe. These devices are generating enormous volumes of information. Effectively utilizing this information presents challenges and opportunities. With the application of the right data management and analytics techniques, this information can be used to:  Identify opportunities for energy efficiency, such as targeting customers with specific energy signatures  Provide near real-time feedback on Demand Side Management (DSM) and Demand Response program effectiveness  Test program designs and communications strategies  Identify specific geographic areas with concentrations of peak coincident loads Interval data can provide a much more granular and timely view of a customer's load than traditional monthly meter reads. Applying analysis techniques throughout the year can provide insight into load profiles for various end uses. This information creates the opportunity for proactive marketing and targeting of specific DSM and DR programs. Enhancing interval data with third party demographic information can enable detailed feedback of the effectiveness or reach of a DSM program or marketing message. Direct observation of consumption trends provides evidence of which approaches are resonating with specific customer segments. Leveraging newly available tools, such as low-cost GIS software, can also provide unique insight into peak coincident load clusters. Targeting load reduction programs at these specific areas can help defer T&D upgrades. To illustrate the growing potential, this paper will present real world examples of how some of this data is now being used.


Background: Clozapine has well-documented inter-ethnic variations in pharmacokinetics. There is a paucity of data about clozapine use and associated adverse events such as seizures, obsessive compulsive symptoms, neutropenia, and agranulocytosis, from India. Methods: This retrospective cohort study followed up 228 patients initiated on clozapine in a tertiary care referral center in India for an average of 10 years. We calculated incidence rates of new-onset seizures, new-onset obsessive compulsive symptoms, agranulocytosis, and neutropenia. We collected data on doses of clozapine used and serum assays and calculated concentration-to-dose (C/D) ratios. We also collected relevant clinical details about clozapine-induced seizures. Results: In the sample, 16.8% had new-onset seizures, 12.3% had new-onset OC symptoms, 2.7% had neutropenia, and 0.9% had agranulocytosis. The mean C/D ratio was 2.09 (SD = 1.8). Almost half (46.3%) of available serum assays were in the supra-therapeutic range. Seizures were associated with a higher clozapine dose at one year (OR = 1.003; 95%CI = 1.000–1.006; P value = 0.045) and the presence of positive psychotic symptoms at one year (OR = 4.214; 95%CI = 1.894–9.373; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Compared to existing literature, Indians have a higher rate of clozapine- related seizures and need lower doses to reach therapeutic serum levels.


There are three main sections in this supplementary material. In Section A.1 we list the training details for downstream tasks. Section A.2 shows the specific image-text statistics of our pre-training corpus. As we use different data augmentations for images and texts during pretraining, we detail them in Section A.3. We give more results comparison on video-text matching in Section A.4. In Section A.5 we give more examples of the proposed knowledge sharing and illustrations of the effectiveness of weight sharing transformer encoder.


SPIN BEARING LIGANDS BASED ON THE 1,2,3-DITHIAZOLE Christian Esterino Carello Advisor: University of Guelph, 2012 Professor K. E. Preuss A 1,2,3-dithiazolyl radical, [1,2,3]dithiazolyl[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline, has been prepared and characterized. The EPR spectrum in toluene supports a delocalized structure with an experimental g-factor of 2.0081. Cyclic voltammetry in CH2Cl2 reveals an Ecell of 1.30 V vs. SCE with a reversible +1/0 and irreversible 0/-1 redox couple. The structure belongs to the space group P-1. Complexes of the radical with Mn and Dy have been obtained. The mononuclear Mn complex was confirmed by elemental analysis; however, no structure was determined. The structure of the mononuclear Dy complex was determined by X-ray crystallography and belongs to the space group C2/c. An isopropyl-substituted oxobenzene-bridged bis-1,2,3-dithiazolyl radical has been prepared and characterized by EPR and cyclic voltammetry. The EPR in toluene supports a delocalized structure with an experimental g-factor of 2.0091. Cyclic voltammetry in CH3CN reveals an Ecell of 0.64 V vs SCE with a reversible +1/0 and irreversible 0/-1 and +2/+1 redox couples.


An analysis of relative orientations of objects leads to a geometrical definition of spinors and to the relationship between spinors and vectors. The spinor notation obtained is in some respects more basic than the conventional, complex notation, which contains some ambiguity. It is shown that spinors can be described by additive, vector-like entities in the real three-dimensional space (R3). These entities are linear in the spinor components and transform under rotations in a simple manner (different from that of vectors). Each ordinary, complex component of the spinor can be obtained by a projection on a complex plane embedded in R3. Spinors-in all their aspects including the sign-acquire a clear and natural geometrical significance in this approach. Furthermore, it unifies in a geometrical manner the SU(2) transformations of spinors, the connection between spinors and vectors and the recent spinor visualisation model of Hellsten (1979). The latter is also derived in a simple manner.


X-ray diffraction patterns and infra-red spectra have shown that although the lactose in spray-dried milk powder is normally in the amorphous state, it can sometimes be present as the crystalline α-monohydrate, or in an unusual crystalline form.

Studies have been made of the absorption and subsequent loss of moisture in humid atmospheres by (a) spray- and freeze-dried milks, and (b) spray- and freeze-dried lactose prepared from lactose solutions. It is shown that milk powders exposed to these conditions generally contain α-lactose monohydrate, but the spray and freeze-dried lactose produce a mixture of the α-monohydrate and the β-anhydride.

For identification purposes all the known crystalline forms of lactose have been prepared and studied by X-ray diffraction and infra-red methods, and it has been found that the above-mentioned unusual crystalline form of lactose found in some milk powders is the anhydrous molecular compound consisting of α-lactose and β-lactose in a molar ratio of 5 : 3. This compound gives an X-ray diffraction pattern which is different from, but an infra-red spectrum similar to, those of the stable α-lactose anhydride.


Objective To investigate the relationship between the gene polymorphisms of thromboxane A2 receptor (TXA2R) and cerebral infarction. Methods A genetic association study of one single nucleotide polymorphism (rs768963) in the human TXA2R gene was performed in 334 patients with cerebral infarction and 135 healthy controls by polymerase chain reaction-amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) method. Results The levels of blood pressure,blood-fat and serum glucose were independent risk factors for cerebral infarction. No significant differences in the overall distribution of genotypes (T/T, T/C and C/C) were noted (P>0.05); however,significant differences in T or C gene frequency of rs768963 of TXA 2R gene between patients with cerebral infarction and noninfarction controls were found (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that no association between the mutant of rs768963 of TXA 2R gene and such factors as gender, age and levels of blood fat, blood pressure and serum glucose was noted. Conclusion The rs768963 of TXA 2R gene in human thromboxane A2 receptor may be a risk factor for cerebral infarction and patients carried C allele are much likely to have cerebral infarction.

Key words:
Thromboxane A2 receptor; Gene polymorphism; Cerebral infarction


To solve the spectrum resource allocation problem of multiuser in cognitive radio system based on OFDM,a bit and power allocation algorithm was proposed.Firstly,the transmit power of secondary users was constrained to guarantee the communication quality of service(QoS) of secondary user.Secondly,the two-step method and the proportion gene were used to avoid the disequilibrium of spectrum resource allocation.Finally,the algorithm was simulated and the results of the allocation about secondary users showed that the presented method could not only guarantee each user's QoS but also increase the channel capacity.


Since biochar is considered to be a significant source of carbon, in this work we have evaluated the changes in soil organic matter (SOM) and soil structure due to application of biochar and biochar with N fertilization, and have considered the interrelationships between the SOM parameters and the soil structure. The soil samples were collected from Haplic Luvisol at the locality of Dolná Malanta (Slovakia) during 2017. The field experiment included three rates of biochar application (B0 – no biochar, B10 – biochar at the rate of 10 t ha-1, B20 – biochar at the rate of 20 t ha-1) and three levels of N fertilization (N0 – no nitrogen, N160 – nitrogen at the rate of 160 kg ha-1, N240 – nitrogen at the rate of 240 kg ha-1). The rate of biochar at 20 t ha-1 caused an increase in the organic carbon (Corg) content. The combination of both rates of biochar with 160 and 240 kg N ha-1 also caused an increase in Corg. In the case of B20 the extractability of humic substances carbon (CHS) was 17.79% lower than at B0. A significant drop was also observed in the values of the extraction of humic acids carbon (CHA) and fulvic acids carbon (CFA) after the addition of biochar at a dose of 20 t ha-1 with 160 kg N ha-1. However, both rates of biochar had a significant effect at 240 kg N ha-1. After application of 20 t ha-1 of biochar the content of water-stable macro-aggregates (WSAma) significantly increased compared to control. This rate of biochar also increased the mean weight diameter (MWDW) and the index of water-stable aggregates (Sw) and decreased the coefficient of vulnerability (Kv). The biochar at a rate of 20 t ha-1 with 240 kg N ha-1 the value of MWDW increased and value of Kv decreased significantly. The contents of Corg and CL correlated positively with WSAma, MWDW and Sw and negatively with WSAmi and Kv. The extraction of CHA and CFA was in negative relationship with MWDW. We conclude that the application of biochar and biochar combined with N fertilizer had a positive influence on SOM and soil structure.

http://www.jeeng.net/pdf-92894-29422?filename=The Effect of Different.pdf


ABSTRACT Attitudes of teachers toward the educational mainstreaming of special needs students in six nations ‐ the United States, Germany, Israel, Ghana, Taiwan, and the Philippines ‐ were compared. Also investigated were teacher background variables associated with attitudes toward integration. Findings revealed that the most supportive views were expressed by teachers in the United States followed by educators in Germany. Attitudes of teachers in the other nations represented mainly a neutral disposition toward mainstreaming. The lowest attitude scores were obtained for Israeli non‐kibbutz educators. Several variables were associated with attitudes: training in special education, grade level, age, teaching experience, and experience with individuals who are disabled. The role that teacher preparation programs and effective mainstreaming practices have in the development of teacher support for integration are discussed.


The transient characteristics of inrush current that can lead to the inadvertent operation of the protective system has not been assessed previously. This study proposes a design that reduces inrush current based on increasing the inrush equivalent inductance by changing the distribution of winding coils. The high inrush equivalent inductance must be determined by appropriately limiting leakage inductance to consider low voltage regulation. During this work, three 220 V/110–220 V 5 kVA transformers were developed to demonstrate the approach. Field tests and theory indicate that the proposed method successfully limits the inrush current.


Purpose: Due to the difficulties of air tissue interface interactions as well as the close proximity to the optical apparatus, tumors in the PNS region treated with IMRT may have increased local failure and higher complications. The clinical outcome of patients treated with IMRT for PNS malignancies are reported. Method and Materials: Between May 2001 and June 2008, 31 patients with PNS malignancies were treated at FCCC with IMRT to a median dose of 60 Gy in 30 fractions. There were 13 males and 18 females, with median age 68 years. Seventeen (59%) patients had AJCC stage III/IV disease at presentation. Twenty one of 31 patients presented with clinical stage NO neck disease. Histology was: 14 squamous cell, 3 adenocarcinoma, 3 adenoid cystic, 6 mucosal melanoma, 5 others. The base of skull was treated in 3 patients with perineural invasion. Median RT values to optic apparatus: Optic chiasm Dmax 22 Gy (range: 1–48); right and left optic nerve Dmax were 39, 37 Gy (range: 2–62; 2–65) and right, left parotids were 17; 25 Gy (range: 7–30; 5–53) respectively. Outcomes and toxicities were measured. Results: There were no grade 3 or 4 ocular or salivary function related toxicities. With a median follow up of 27 months (range: 4–98), the 2‐ and 5‐year local control and overall survival rates were 89%, 82% and 75%, 66%, respectively. The 2‐year locoregional control rates were 89% for stage I/II and 79%III/IV, 89% NO, 50% for N1/2, 71% squamous cell and 100% for other histologies, 100% negative margins, 78% for positive margins. Four patients had local recurrence, 2 residual disease, 2 regional (treated prior) and 4 distant metastases (1 squamous cell, 1 adenoidcystic ca, 2 melanomas). No marginal failures were seen. Conclusion:IMRT appears to be a safe and effective treatment for paranasal sinus tumors.


During the 50's and 60s, it was often discussed which music could be played at church weddings. According to the order for weddings, a "dignified piece of music may be played when the bride and the groom enter the church". There were several difficulties: what is Church music, which music is dignified, who makes the decisions. The demand that the music performed in church be dignified is as old as Church itself. The Church has always tried to separate the music played in the churches from that played outside. The church is a holy room consecrated to religious service and, therefore, special demands must be allowed for the music performed in church. We talk about Church music, but the definition thereof has differed from time to time. A tone or a succession of tones cannot be churchly or secular. The main things are the purpose of the composer and the associations you get. Mendelssohn's Wedding March, e.g., is a secular piece never intended to be played in church on the organ, but the question is if it has not actually become a piece of Church music because of the strong associations to church weddings through film and TV. On the other hand, Charpentier's Te Deum, which I have sometimes suggested as wedding music, arouses associations to the Eurovision programmes since it is their signature tune. Therefore, it is often turned down by the bridal couple. It is vital that each parish has a music policy. The wedding is a service, and the church, then, is not being rented for some sort of private event. One must have the same demands on wedding music as on regular service music. It must have quality and, if there is a text to it, it must have some sort of religious message. Participation is an important factor. The bridal couple may see the minister and the organist beforehand to discuss the wedding, a relative or a friend may sing or play something or read a piece of poetry just to make more people involved in the wedding. Of course, the bridal couple will want music that they have some kind of relationship to, but through the secularization they may have no idea of the music normally performed in the church. The organist has to advise them gently and with respect. A wedding is one of the most important events in life and, so, it has to be handled with care.


BARON HOLBACH'S EPIGRAMMATIC DESCRIPTION OF RELIGION as 'the "eau de vie" of the people' will undoubtedly outlive the memory of its author. On the other hand, Kingsley's advocacy of Christian socialism to the masses clearly implied the presumption that religion could also be their amphetamine. This latter possibility was systematically explored by Troeltsch with reference to Christianity. Weber deepened the analysis of the revolutionary potential of religion and extended it to the other world religions of salvation. There was something the philosophes did not know; religion could be revolutionary.


The article considers eco-economic aspects of using the fishing capacity of the basin of South Baikal in the framework of the development of tourism of the coastal territory within Slyudyansky Municipal District of Irkutsk Oblast and within the entire southern Baikal Region. The article proposes to more strongly focus on developing sport and recreational fishing in this most developed area of Lake Baikal.
The eco-economic and legal analysis carried out by the authors allows them to conclude that the traditional regulation of the stock of omul in Baikal by determining the total allowable catches and quotas is not effective enough, since it has led to the prohibition of not only industrial but also limitation of sport and recreational fishing for omul. At the same time, there is no reliable data that recreational fishing along the southern coast of Baikal is the reason for the decrease in the total stocks of omul in Baikal. On the contrary, the South Baikal fishing area can become the basis for a more dynamic development of the tourism industry in the region, including such types of it as cognitive tourism, ecological tourism and sports and recreational one. Moreover, it is the South Baikal fishing area and the coastal territory of Slyudyansky Municipal District that can become a testing site for developing more optimal (considering the specifics of various areas of Lake Baikal) ecological approaches to the regulation, rational use and reproduction of the stock of omul in Baikal for the purposes of sport and recreational fishing at Lake Baikal, as well as development of an environmentally friendly tourism industry in the region.
The authors propose to review the strategy of fishery development of the stocks of omul at Lake Baikal and remove restrictions on recreational fishing, accompanying this with organizational and legal measures that allow obtaining reliable statistical data on catches. Precisely in this most economically developed area of Lake Baikal it is advisable to practice the organizational and legal mechanisms for the environmentally friendly development of tourist and recreational activities based on the available water bioresources of the unique lake.


1 Introduction 2 Coleridge: the Unitarian Poet 1794-6 3 Wordsworth and the Religion of Nature 1794-6 4 Nature and Imagination in The Ancient Mariner 5 Nature and Imagination in The Ruined Cottage 6 Imagination and Fancy 7 The Influence of The Excursion: Spirit and Form 8 The Influence of The Excursion: The 'Stream of Tendency' Epilogue: The Imagination from a Non-Romantic Viewpoint Appendix A: Coleridge's views on Evolution in 1795 Appendix B: Hyperion and The Excursion Bibliography Index


The total /sup 7/Be(n,p)/sup 7/Li cross section has been measured from 25 meV to 13.5 keV. These energies correspond to temperatures of T = 2.9 x 10/sup -7/ to 0.16 GK. For thermal neutrons the cross sections to the ground state (p/sub 0/) and the first excited state (p/sub 1/) of /sup 7/BLi are 38 400 +- 800 b and 420 +- 120 b, respectively. This result for the total /sup 7/Be(n,p)/sup 7/Li thermal cross section is about 25% lower, and is approximately a factor of 10 more precise than previous published measurements. For energies above 100 eV, a significant departure from a 1v shape for the total cross section is observed. The data were analyzed using a single-level approximation, and were also analyzed together with other data using multilevel-multichannel R-matrix theory. Results are presented for the properties of the 2/sup -/ threshold state and for a possible nearby 2/sup -/ state. The astrophysical reaction rate, N/sub A/ , was calculated from the measured cross sections for the combined p/sub 0/ and p/sub 1/ transitions. The resulting reaction rate is approximately 60--80 % of the rate currently in use. This reduction in the /sup 7/Be(n,p)/sup 7/Li reaction rate could result inmore » a calculated increase in the production of /sup 7/Li during the big bang by as much as 20%« less


I  been known for many years that Italian deaf signers possess a rich, albeit underground, ''literary'' tradition with poems, narrative and dramatized texts, and theatre performances expressed in Italian Sign Language (LIS) (Pizzuto ). However, chiefly because of the minority linguistic status of LIS and its lower sociolinguistic status compared to both standard Italian and the numerous spoken dialects used in Italy, this cultural tradition has remained largely unknown and unexplored until very recently (Pizzuto and Russo ). Research on the lexical, morphological, and morphosyntactic structure of LIS has focused primarily on individual signs occurring in their citation forms out of context, or on signed utterances and texts produced in ordinary prose (see, among others, Angelini, Borgioli, Folchi, and Mastromatteo ; Caselli, Maragna, Pagliari Rampelli, and Volterra ; Pizzuto and Corazza ; Pizzuto and Volterra


To lead mobile agent into DSR routing protocal and using new technology to form a new route protocol.Based on mobile agent(Mobile Agents-DSR) route protocol of DSR.to realize a new original system and prove the feasibility and toleration of the model;the advantage in the flexibility etc.


Plurihormonal pituitary adenomas are rare conditions that secrete two or more pituitary hormones. The association of prolactin with other hormones is described but associated with ACTH is uncommon. We report a rare case of mixed adenoma associating Cushing's disease and silent prolactin adenoma in 21 years old male patient. This case highlights an unusual plurihormonal pituitary adenoma case with a rare association between ACTH and prolactin. It pathogeny is less clearly define.


In is shown that at low temperatures (as at higher ones) the enzyme deaminase converts porphobilinogen into the unrearranged hydroxymethylbilane (5); there is no evidence for formation of preuro'gen (7) nor for its involvement in porphyrin biosynthesis.


News value has been a controvercial issue in the field of news.Nowadays,there has been a great development of news operation and news theory,so it is necessary to re-recognize the news value.This thesis,from the perspective of the whole process of news writing,not only updates the news value,but also puts forth the"three components"and"five dements"of news value,and analyzes them from the point of view of the first law of news writing.


In this article we demonstrate how narrow stripes and pairing follow from a single simple principle: a strong antiferromagnetic background forces injected holes to hop in steps of two such that they always remain on the same sublattice. When applied to a domain wall in an antiferromagnet, this simple effect naturally leads to a number of results. First, we demonstrate that the holes are immediately (exponentially) localized on stripes. Consequently, we show that the holes on a stripe favor the formation of pairs on neighboring rungs or sites. We recover in this way the well known pictures of stripes found by White and Scalapino by numerical Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG) calculations. Throughout this work much emphasis is placed on the problem of a two leg ladder immersed in a staggered magnetic field.


Globalization and development are concepts that existed in Islamic social theory a millennium ago. The two terms refer to policy fashions within the Global North, applied domestically and to the Global South. Both are instances of governmentality. When modern capitalism met modern imperialism, the resulting encounter bound together forces that were always already both contradictory and compatible. Yanqui imperialism differs from the classic nineteenth-century model, and it has proven much harder to gain independence from US than European colonists. This chapter explains how the psy-function influenced Yanqui development discourse. It discusses the lived experience of unequal media exchange – in an unexpected location. Communications technologies themselves are frequently regarded as development and globalization – signs of a transcendent progress.


Some 6,8-dichloro-quinolone compounds were designed and synthesized; by comparing with 6-fluoro-8-chloro-quinolone compounds, the influence of the nature of the halogen atom from six position of the quinolone ring on the molecular properties and on the antimicrobial activity was studied. The DFT/B3LYP/6-311G* level of basis set was used for the computation of molecular structure of optimized compounds. The calculations of characteristics and molecular properties were performed using Spartan�14 Software from Wavefunction, Inc. Irvine, CA. The HOMO-LUMO energies and orbitals, global reactivity descriptors, various thermodynamic parameters, and dipole moment (i) were calculated to determine the molecular properties of quinolone compounds. Molecular docking studies were realized to identify and visualize the most likely interaction ligand (quinolone/fluoroquinolone compounds) with the protein receptor. The score and hydrogen bonds formed with the amino acids from group interaction atoms are used to predict the binding modes, the binding affinities, and the orientation of the docked quinolone/fluoroquinolone derivatives in the active site of the protein receptor. The protein-ligand complex was realized based on the X-ray structure of Bacillus cereus (PDB ID: 1VEN) using CLC Drug Discovery Workbench 2.4 software. The quinolone compounds were characterized by physical-chemical methods (elemental analysis, IR spectral analysis, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectra, UV-Vis, thin layer chromatography) and by antimicrobial activity against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.


Let \$M\+n\$ be a compact minimal submanifold of a complex projective space \$CP\+\{n+p\}\$, and \$σ\$ the second fundamental form of \$M\+n\$. In this note, the results of \ were improved and the following global Pinching theorems were obtained.\;Theorem 1: Let \$M\+n\$ be a complex \$n\$\|dimentional compact complex submanifold in \$CP\+\{n+p\}(n≥2).\$ Let \$σ\$ the second fundamental form of \$M\$. Then there is a comtant \$A(n)\$ depending only on \$n\$, such that if \$‖|σ|\+2‖\-\{n2\}A(n)\$, then \$σ≡ 0,i.e ., M\+n\$ must be totally geodesic.\;Theorem 2: Let \$M\+n\$ be an \$n\$\|dimentional compact totally real minimal submanifold in \$CP\+\{n+p\}(n≥3).\$ Let \$σ\$ the second fundamental form of \$M\$. Then there is a constant \$A′(n)\$ depending only on \$n\$, such that if \$‖|σ|\+2‖\-\{n2\}A′(n),\$ then \$σ≡0, i.e ., M\+n\$ must be totally geodesic. Here\$\$‖f‖\-k=(∫\-Mf\+k)\+\{1/k\}.\$\$


Background: Oral mucocele is considered to be a common benign lesion of the oral cavity characterized by fluctuant, painless and is distinct in two different forms, i.e. extravasations and retention. Trauma to mucus membrane or salivary gland is the most common etiologic factor. Case-Presentation: A 27-year-old female patient presented at a Private Dental Clinic with the complaint of a swelling on the right side of her lower lip for the last three months. Management & Results: Based on the history & clinical examination, the diagnosis of oral mucocele was concluded. The treatment plan was discussed with the patient in which she was informed about the chairside surgical removal of the tissue under local anesthesia. On the 10 th day of the surgery, sutures were removed, the scar was irrigated with saline and the usual check-up was performed which revealed no recurrence. Conclusion: Oral mucocele is a benign lesion, which can be managed with surgical excision under unremarkable prognosis.


During the past several years, there has been a virtual explosion in the mobile device arena. Institutions of all sizes and types (corporations, governments, education, etc.) are utilizing or in the stage of adopting mobile devices, and increasingly adopting / allowing BYOD (Bring Your Own Device). While this trend has impacted organizations worldwide, a more significant impact can be seen in higher education and resources available to prepare students for the workplace. The current research evaluates BYOD in education by evaluating differences in BYOD users and non-users as well as cultural views on BYOD through a comparison of American and Korean students. The results of the survey provide valuable insight to the tools used by students and how they use those tools to enhance their education.


This paper is to study the relationship between the sublime and enlightenment through the characteristics of the sublime in Nim's Silence, Han Yong-Woon's poetry. In Nim's Silence, the sublime is mainly shown in two aspects. First, 'Nim', which is the core of Han Yong-Woon's poetry, is pictured as a sublime object that is both endless and formless. Poetic speaker's love toward 'Nim' is also pictured as a sublime object. This love is holy and exalted unlike the love of the mundane world. Secondly, the sublime object in Han Yong-woon's poetry is all expressed through negative representations. And yet the fact that the 'Nim' and 'love' in Han Yong-Woon's poetry are pictured as sublime object signifies that it is impossible to explain them. This is because the sublime, by its original nature, is unexplainable. Thus, the many interpretations of 'Nim' so far call for a new ontological understanding. In history, the argument on the sublime has always been recalled as a modern plan of enlightenment to enhance the human ability to resist the nature's powers. However the sublime conversely violates its original intention by changing the passion of enlightenment to a subject that is both impossible to recognize and comprehend. This is also the case of Han Yong-Woon's poetry. The sublime object may be the result of the enlightenment will to guide the mankind by imaginary returning 'Nim' at a time when he was gone. But the emphasis on the sublime and enlightenment on the contrary includes the passion of enlightenment in the noble subject and therefore overdoes the original intention. This is possible through a unique way of love. In Han Yong-Woon's poetry, the sublime love does not take its lover(Nim). Rather, it takes the absence of lover, in a paradoxical way of keeping the Nim's silence with a love song. This way of love acknowledges and accepts the lover's flaws, deficiencies, follies and faults instead of enlightening the other and possessing him/her exclusively. This is the way to free the subject from Nim's absence. The subject in possession of a sublime object can never be completely enlightened. This is because the nature is within us and it is the territory of non-literary hidden in this world.


Abstract "One evening, early in 1929, as I was glancing over current periodicals in the University library, I came across an article in a German electrical engineering journal by Wideroe on the multiple acceleration of positive ions. Not being able to read German easily, I merely looked at the diagrams and photogradhs of Wideroe's apparatus and from the various figures in the article wasable todetermine hisgeneral approach to the problem-i.e., the multiple acceleration of the positive ions by appropriate application of radio frequency oscillating voltages to a series of cylindrical electrodes in line. This new idea immediately impressed me as the real answer which I had been looking for to the techniralproblem of accelerating positive ions, and without looking at the articlefirther I then and there made estimates of the general features of a linear accelerator for protons in the energy range above one million volt electrons. Simple calculations showed that the accelerator tube would be some meters in leng...


ONE of the more recurrent themes in the criminological literature is that the values held by delinquents must be important to understanding their behaviour. The most common context in which explanation by values has been invoked is in attempting to explain why lower class youth exhibit higher rates of officially recorded delinquency than middle class youth. This article seeks to review the adequacy of various attempts to explain delinquency by values.


The influential factors of postgraduate's employment at his/her career entrance were divided into two parts, namely, promotional and impedimental factors by using empirical research. It is seen that postgraduates have their different genders,discipline categories and work types with their perceived different characteristics in the two factors. Some suggestions of overcoming the barriers at the career entrance of postgraduates are also proposed.


This development was accompanied by the birth of new catchwords like EDP (electronic data processing), MIS (management information systems), DSS (Decision Support Systems), IDSS (Integrated Decision Support Systems) or KBS (Knowledge-based Systems). But the overall goal behind all the terms has been remaining the same: to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of farm-management. So the paper will start, identifying different types of problems, a grower might be confronted with in horticulture. The second part of the paper then describes decision making from a scientific point of view and the third part shows the evolution of computer based models for supporting decision making. In contrasting the different types of real problems with the available technical possibilities the discussion about implementation problems will be opened and in the last part of the paper some conclusions for further developments in the area of decision support systems for horticulture will be drawn.


We do not presume to understand fully our places insociety, nor the secrets which lead to the privileging of our voices as teachers and researchers over those who experience education as a process of social and moral exclusion. However, we are not mere observers; we are, as teachers and parents, involved in personal, professional and political struggles about the kind of society we want to live in and which we want for our children. This paper considers the experience of exclusion from the perspective of one of its authors (Chantel) and how this occurred within a system explicitly concerned with identifying and meeting her 'special educational needs'. Our aim in considering decisions made about Chantel is to move away from what Grace (1991) has called 'policy science', which excludes consideration of wider contextual relations, and towards an examination of the social character of the policy process and its outcomes. It is argued that in different ways each of us has experienced the discriminatory effects...


The results of an investigation of energy requirements and ways of saving energy in the production process of photovoltaic modules are reported. The investigation was carried out as a process chain analysis. It contains a comprehensive collection of process step data, from the reduction of SiO2 up to the completed module. Analysis and comparison results include conventional mono- and multicrystalline silicon modules as well as MIS-I modules and thin film solar cells based on amorphous silicon. The investigation includes model cases of an expanded production volume and its implications for energy requirements. Modifications of the production process in pursuit of the goal of improved cell efficiency need to be reviewed taking into account the accumulated energy requirements of the whole module. The data framework presented in the report provides a reliable, fast and flexible measure that enables researchers to meet this condition.


Adult cats were subjected to unilateral dorsal L6, L7, and S1 rhizotomy. After survival times of 1‐1,552 days the degeneration of axons and myelin sheaths and the elimination of degenerating myelin was studied qualitatively and quantitatively with light and electron microscopy and in Marchi‐stained sections in the posterior funiculus in T12‐L2.


RO-1 oil-resistant coating has a good resistance to high temperature hydraulic oil,suitable for the corrosion protection of inner wall of hydraulic oil tank.The technical characteristics,construction process and oil resistance testing results of the coating material were discussed.The application practice proved that the RO-1 primer-topcoat-in-one oil-resistant coating has no blistering,falling off and rusting after use for one year,showing good applicability to engineering mechanical hydraulic oil tanks.It is worthy of popularization.


The hitherto unknown 6-amino-4-(2-chloro-5-nitrophenyl)-3-methyl-1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c] pyrazole-5-carbonitrile 1a was synthesized. Both 1a and its 2,4 dichlorophenyl derivative 1b were utilized as building blocks for the preparation of novel class of pyrazolopyrano-[oxazines 2a–d and pyrimidinones 3a–d]. Synthesis of these compounds was achieved by two alternative acylation steps followed by ammonolysis. The structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated by spectral data and elemental analysis. Screening and evaluation of these products as antimicrobial agents showed that the derivatives 1b, 2s, 3b, and 3d possess a potent activity.


. Black-box search techniques are used as general purpose optimizers and are purported to robustly solve computationally complex problems. The No-free-lunch theory (NFL) aims to understand the limitations of black-box search. As its name implies, there are typically tradeoffs when designing an algorithm: in order to perform better in a particular scenario, it needs to perform worse in another one. Disagreements over the ultimate consequences of the theory have persisted over almost two decades, with some researchers insisting that NFL results have limited applicability


ABSTRACT Organisations and marketers have long debated the consumer–brand relationship. Theorising related to this debate led to self-service technologies, which were implemented to both reduce costs and increase productivity by turning customers into co-producers of services or merely to keep up with technological developments. With the emergence of disruptive technologies, it is imperative to discuss the potential shift from a customer co-created value to a customer–technology relationship that could disrupt the value-based relationship model. In line with advancements in service-delivery drones, and based on the theory of planned behaviour framework, this paper pioneers the discussion on consumers' intention to accept their use based on their related perceived risks, potential functional benefits, and relational attributes, leading to a new type of relationship with the brand – namely, the customer–drone relationship. This discussion opens a new direction for retailers and academics alike to reflect on during the coming years.


Vilsmeier-Haack formylation of 5-methoxy-2,3-diphenylbenzofuran (1a) and 6-methoxy-2,3-diphenylbenzofuran(2a) gave the corresponding 6- formyl derivative (1b) and 5-formyl derivative (2b) respectively. Friedel-Crafts acetylation of (1a) and (2a) gave products of the same orientation. The aldehydes (1b), (2b) were converted by standard methods into the corresponding methyl ketones and substituted 2,3- diphenyl-6H-furo[2,3-g][1]benzopyran-6-ones and 2,3-diphenyl-7H- furo[3,2-g][1]-benzopyran-7-ones respectively.


The AMOS Wakefield Code is used to calculate the impedances of the induction cell used in the Advanced Test Accelerator (ATA) at Livermore. We present the wakefields and impedances for multipoles m = 0, 1 and 2. The ATA cell is calculated to have a maximum transverse impedance of approximately 1000 {Omega}/m at 875 MHz with a quality factor Q = 5. The sensitivity of the impedance spectra to modeling variations is discussed.


A swing-core air exchanger, comprising a casing (10), a draught fan (40), and a heat exchanger (20); the heat exchanger (20) has a frame-type heat exchanger core (21) made of fiber material; the heat exchanger core (21) is disposed in a heat exchanger cavity (14), and intermittently swings to switch airflow in the air flue of the air exchanger, such that fresh air and exhaust air alternately pass through heat exchanging material in opposite directions to conduct heat exchange, thus exchanging indoor and outdoor air, and recycling exhaust energy.


Introduction. Given the high morbidity and growth in recent decades of lethality from acute forms of CAD, especially among women, there are questions about the impact of risk factors on the adverse and complicated course of non-ST elevation ACS, among which one of the most important is the development of estrogen deficiency due to the onset of menopause. Aim. Conduct a comparative analysis of the risk factors of the occurrence of an unfavorable course of non-ST elevation ACS in women, depending on the hormonal status. Materials and methods. The study involved 112 women with non-ST elevation ACS aged 39 to 72 years (mean age 58.52 ± 0.99 years). They were divided into two groups: group A – 64 patients with estradiol level <80 pmol/L and LH / FSH index <1; group B – 48 patients with estradiol level >80 pmol/L and LH / FSH> 1. The features of the course were determined by comparing the basic clinical characteristics and anamnestic data at the time of hospitalization. Results. In women with estrogen deficiency (A) in 1.3-1.5 times there is a higher prevalence of hypertension (82.81 ± 4.72%) and angina (79.69 ± 5.02%). In persons with a preserved hormonal balance (B) – diabetes (31.25 ± 5.15%), smoking (54.16 ± 7.19%) and professional hazards (89.58 ± 4.41%), a larger proportion of persons with atypical pain syndrome (47.92 ± 7.21%) and late hospitalization (58.33 ± 7.11%). Their course was more frequent with rhythm and conduction disorders (68.75 ± 6.69%), with recurrence of pain syndrome (35.42 ± 2.43%) and longer treatment. In group A, pulmonary edema was more common (68.75 ± 5.79%), 48.43 ± 6.24% of them were at high risk of in-hospital mortality (GRACE risk score), at three-fold higher risk of recurrent MI, at 5.7 higher risk of HF and twice higher – the chance of death. Conclusions. In the group of women with estrogen deficiency with non-ST elevation ACS develops on the background of greater prevalence and duration of hypertension and angina, accompanied by a heavier and more unfavorable prognosis. In women with relatively preserved hormonal status, non-ST elevation ACS occurs on the background of a greater prevalence of smoking and the impact of professionally harmful labor, diabetes, which promote predominantly atypical symptoms and their late hospitalization, and more frequent development of life-threatening arrhythmias, recurrence of pain syndrome and prolongation of treatment.


(±)-Homosarkomycin (2) and (±)-rosaprostol (3) were synthesized from (±)-methyl 2-oxo-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylate (1) by using the nucleophilic ring opening reaction on the double-activated cyclopropane ring as the key step.


Schmidt, W., Heinrichs, S.: 13 years after windthrow – Vegetation dynamics of the strict beech forest reserve "Konigsbuche" (southwestern Harz Mountain foothills, Lower Saxony). - Hercynia N. F. 45 (2012): 81 – 110. The strict forest reserve "Konigsbuche" was established in 1972. In 1997, parts of the old beech stand were destroyed by a local summer storm, which created a disturbance gradient ranging from unaffected areas to smaller and extensively large gaps. After a first inventory during the years 1998 to 2001, flora and vegetation were recorded again on permanent plots in 2010 in order to understand plant succession and regeneration in unmanaged windthrown beech forests (Galio odorati-Fagetum) according to the initial disturbance intensity. 13 years after windthrow plant species diversity was higher compared to the year 1998 and was positively correlated with the disturbance gradient unthrown stand – gap – extensively thrown stand. Contrasting the three disturbance categories, light emerged as the most important environmental factor explaining differences in species richness. In comparison to the initial situation after windthrow changes in microclimate (temperature, water supply) seemed also to be important for plant species composition. Furthermore, the decomposition of high amounts of dead wood (mainly from twigs and brushwood), particularly on the extensively thrown plots, favored plant species indicating a higher nutrient supply of these originally mesotrophic soils. Therefore, an Urtica-Rubus -stage has been established on these plots for a short period, which was as well characterised by a high proportion of plant species of both forests and open sites. On the contrary, in unthrown stands and gaps species of closed forests dominated together with young beech indicating a fast and secure natural regeneration of the beech forest community after small-scale disturbance. However, the current vegetation survey showed that also in the extensively thrown stands beech is the dominant regenerating tree species overcrowding most parts of the Urtica-Rubus-stage now. Pioneer tree species ( Betula pendula , Salix caprea ) – well-known from managed windthrown areas on acidic soils – established rarely in the strict forest reserve "Konigsbuche". With increasing initial disturbance intensity, however, shrub species ( Crataegus monogyna , Sambucus nigra , S. racemosa ) as well as some other deciduous tree species ( Acer pseudoplatanus , Carpinus betulus , Prunus avium ) became more important. Nevertheless, these species can only survive on extensively thrown stands with a sufficient light supply and under low roe deer browsing pressure as shown by comparing fenced and unfenced plots. Key words: Strict forest reserve, permanent plot, forest succession, intensity of disturbance, windthrow, Galio-Fagetum, diversity, Ellenberg indicator value, natural regeneration, roe deer browsing


Femtocells technology has emerged as a promising solution to provide the indoor coverage in the 3rd generation (3G) long-term evolution (LTE) and its advanced (LTE-Advanced) networks. In this paper, we propose a two-step interference coordination scheme to deal with the interference between femtocells in LTE-Advanced networks with carrier aggregation. Each femtocell is assigned a carrier that is non-overlapping with its interfering femtocells or has the least interference in the first step. Then, in the second step, more carriers are attempted to be used by a femtocell in order to improve the system spectrum efficiency based on the specified utility functions. Our simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed interference coordination scheme in terms of throughput.


The crustal deformation-strain feature of the Jinzhong basin was analyzed using the ellipsoid block strain model and based on 2007–2010 GPS monitoring data from the digital seismic network project.Using this modeling approach,the relationship between deformation-strain characteristics and geological disasters was analyzed,and the causes of geological disasters in susceptible areas within the basin were also revealed.The results show that the present crustal overall movement of Jinzhong basin is to the southeast and,in the central part of the basin,the Qingxu-Taigu area showed significant extensional movement.The crustal strain field of Jinzhong basin mainly showed tension in the NW–SE direction.Qingxu-Taigu and Jiexiu were high value zones,whilst also earthquake and ground fissure disaster prone areas,and the maximum tension strain value reached 1.8 × 10–6/year.The direction of regional tensional strain is approximately vertical and intersects the strike of ground fissures,which were also strongly attributed to tectonic activity in the Jinzhong basin.


The environmental conditions inside the poultry building have a significant impact on animal health. The ventilation system is a key factor in the environment features. This work seeks to find a standard method to calculate the main aspects of ventilation systems. A building (120 m long, 12 m wide and 4 m average height) was selected as an example in this research. As the fans were the key elements of the ventilation system so there is an essential request to define the number of fans and their capacities. These fans running are controlled by either timer or thermostat. Selecting the inlets gates will encourage a significant impact on ventilation efficiency. The translation ventilation and tunnel ventilation were calculated. The evaporative cooling was investigated and the size pads were determined as well as considered as a part of the ventilation system. Keywords: Ventilation, poultry building, fans, inlets, tunnel, thermostat.


Department of Physics, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30314, USA(Dated: April 13, 2015)I discuss an upper bound on the boost and the energy of elementary particles. The limit is derivedutilizing the core principle of relativistic quantum mechanics stating that there is a lower limit forlocalization of an elementary quantum system and the suggestion that when the localization scalereaches the Planck length, elementary particles are removed from observables. The limit for theboost and energy, M


A previous paper (1) reported the results of nuclear DNA studies in the Rhizopus arrhizusR. oryzae group of related species. This report presents a similar investigation of species and varieties related to R. microsporus and R. chinensis. The fungal cultures (TABLE 1) used in this study were single spore isolates derived from the respective strains maintained in the Agricultural Research Service Culture Collection (NRRL) at the Northern Regional Research Center. Stock cultures for inoculum were grown on either potato-dextrose agar or yeast-malt agar (YM), respectively M-20 and M-69 in the Mycological Guidebook (3). Cultures for nuclear DNA ex-


The FY'76 major objectives of the Massive Hydraulic Fracture Mapping and Characterization Program were to assess the feasibility of the surface electrical potential and surface seismic systems to provide locational information on hydraulically created fracture systems. The surface electrical potential system has demonstrated the capability to provide information on fracture azimuthal orientation, asymmetry of fracture, and direction of major fracture wing. Assessment of the surface seismic technique for fracture characterization is not encouraging. During FY'76, Sandia participated in five MHF experiments for natural gas stimulation. Two of these were conducted by El Paso Natural Gas in the Green River Basin at Pinedale, Wyoming, and three were conducted by AMOCO in the Wattenberg field northeast of Denver, Colorado. Sandia supported all five experiments with the surface electrical potential system and three with surface seismic arrays. This report describes both fracture characterization techniques, provides an overview of the associated hardware and software development, and presents the results obtained from participation in the field tests.


In order to achieve an objective and accurate assessment of water quality and provide a scientific guidance to water pollution prevention and rational utilization of water resources,a model based on LS-SVM was constructed to evaluate the Taihu Lake Basin' s water quality,Five monitoring sections in the Taihu Lake Basin were taken as examples.The LS-SVM models were established with the samples which water quality grades were already known,then water quality of testing samples were evaluated by using the well trained LS-SVM models.Furthermore,the Back-Propagation Neural Network(BPNN) and Discriminant Analysis were also used with the same testing samples to testify the method's efficiency and accuracy.The results comparison of three methods showed that the LS-SVM method presented in this paper performed much better than BPNN and Discriminant Analysis Method in the water quality assessment of the Taihu Lake Basin.In conclusion,the LS-SVM might be a new reference method for the Taihu Lake Basin's water resources management.


ABSTRACT This paper investigates the spectrum of herbarium uses and users. A simplified classification of herbarium uses is presented and used to investigate the spectrum of uses of herbaria by means of a Web of Science survey covering the period 2013–16. To investigate the user profile of a herbarium, we categorised herbarium visitors to the Natural History Museum, London (BM), using the same categories, for the period September 2016–August 2017. The relative number of papers published across years in all categories, except phylogeny, was broadly consistent. Taxonomic work was the largest category with identification ranked second across years. Phylogeny was the only category to show a marked increase in the number of publications and a change in its ranking during the study period with a year-on-year increase evident. The visitor survey revealed that researchers undertaking taxonomic work account for the vast majority of visits. Research focused on the history of science was the second-largest class of visitors for the study period. The number of visitors in the History of Science reflects recent efforts at the BM to engage with researchers in this field. The high use of the collections by taxonomists is unsurprising but should not be taken for granted. New developments and new uses that allow herbaria to address a broader range of researcher questions must be embraced but the needs of our existing taxonomic users, who play a vital role in maintaining and developing the research value of herbaria for all users, should not be overlooked.


Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, for interpolating low frame rate transmissions in lighting systems. A method (100) includes, in a microcontroller (22) of a light fixture (14), receiving (102) input data frames at a low frame rate from a light controller (12) over a data bus (16), generating (104) output data frames from any two adjacent input data frames according to a scaling scaling in a lookup table (LUT), and transmitting (106) the output data frames at a frame rate greater than the frame rate of the received input data frames to control a lighting effect of a light-emitting unit (24).


ABSTRACT A relatively large up-down vibration was recorded during the 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake. Many people in Kobe area felt a strong up-down shock at the beginning of the earthquake. The effect of this vibration is not normally considered in the seismic design of bridge piers. Many different types of failure and damage of bridge piers were observed after the earthquake. Most of the concrete piers were damaged by bending or shear, or a combination of the two forces. Some damages in a pier such as a racket type, however, seem to be affected by uniaxial tension. Seismic analysis of bridge piers was performed to check the effect of up-down vibration. Evaluation of up-down impact effect on bridge piers and chimneys was also attempeted. The time dependent dynamic analysis represented the shear or bending failure of the piers and the analysis confirmed that the up-down vibration recorded during the earthquake only had a minor effect on the failure. Analysis of piers due to up-down impact load indicated the possibility that concrete bridge piers might be affected by the uniaxial tension which was imposed at the beginning of the earthquake. A strange failure associated with horizontal cracking which occurred near the top of bridge columns might have been affected by the up-down impact.


law in the developed world, and how these rules sometimes impact in a deleterious way on the African continent. No continent has been more ravaged by the AIDS epidemic than Africa. There, the country with the greatest incidence of AIDS is South Africa. To date, an estimated one million people have died of AIDS in South Africa, which is almost double the number of victims in the United States. AIDS is expected to reduce the life expectancy in South Africa from 60 years to 40 years by 2010. In order to deal with the AIDS epidemic, African countries need access to cheaper treatment. The price of drugs now commonly used to treat AIDS and HIV (and other diseases) in the developed world is beyond the reach of the majority of Africans. In response to this reality, the South African government passed legislation authorizing compulsory licensing to produce cheaper drugs to protect the health of the public. In addition, the government authorized parallel importation if the drugs can be obtained more cheaply from other countries without the authorization of the original seller or patent holder. The response of the United States and European Union (at the urging of pharmaceutical companies) was to exert tremendous pressure on the South African government. The United States argued that South Africa was violating the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement developed under the World Trade Organisation. The United States placed South Africa on the Special 301 Watch List and threatened further trade sanctions. What we had was a classic conflict between critical public health concerns and traditional trade and profit imperatives, which drive so much of First World thinking. In a sense it represents a conflict between patent rights and human rights. What is interesting is that TRIPS is by no means clear in forbidding the type of actions South African took. Indeed, there is a compelling argument that Article 31 of TRIPS allows for compulsory licensing and parallel importation by countries faced by a national emergency, which is what the AIDS epidemic represents in some countries. The American pharmaceutical industry viewed the South African challenge as a test case for interpreting the scope of protection provided by TRIPS to all fields of technology.


Downstream migration of immature salmonids (smolts) may be associated with severe mortalities in anthropogenically altered channels. In Pacific salmon, several investigations have suggested the use of the dominating surface orientation of smolts to improve fish by‐pass structures in large and deep hydroelectric reservoirs. The present study tested the use of a surface orientated travelling screen to guide Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) smolts past a water abstraction site in a shallow lowland stream. The percentage of total discharge abstracted from the stream was included in the analyses. Indigenous migrating smolts were trapped, PIT tagged and subsequently released upstream of the water abstraction site. Releases shifted between a present or absent travelling screen. The migration success of the released smolts was evaluated using a trap situated downstream of the water abstraction site. There was no evidence that the surface oriented travelling screen had any influence on the probability of fish passing the water abstraction site. However, for both species, the probability of successful migration past the water abstraction site correlated negatively with the abstracted percentage of the total daily stream discharge. These findings may have important management implications because they suggest that short term changes in the percentage of total stream discharge abstracted may have consequences for the downstream migration success of smolts. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Recent studies [17, 12] show that leveraging benefits of high performance interconnects like InfiniBand, MapReduce performance in terms of job execution time can be greatly enhanced by using additional features like in-memory merge, pipelined merge and reduce, and prefetching and caching of map outputs. In this paper, we validate that it is time to have a new performance model for the RDMA-based design of MapReduce over high performance interconnects. Our initial results derived from the proposed analytical model matches the experimental results within a 3--5% range.


In this paper, a robust controller based on the variable structure control technique for the output tracking of a class of discrete-time uncertain nonlinear systems is developed. An upper bound on the uncertainties is derived to ensure the existence of a quasi-sliding mode in these uncertain systems. Analysis results indicate that the output of the closed-loop system tracks a desired output trajectory and, simultaneously, all signals inside the loop are bounded. Furthermore, the tracking error depends on the proposed controller's parameters. Two examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.


Abstract : Conventional methods for monitoring winds aloft have inherent spatial and/or temporal limitations that severely restrict their usefulness. An alternate solution is the use of transhorizon bistatic radio techniques. By using a phase-coherent system with some form of beam-swinging capability, it is possible to measure the wind-produced Doppler shifts associated with moving off-path scatterers. In this experiment a rapid data-gathering system is used to remotely probe the wind-field velocity structure in the common volume region of a 164-km transhorizon propagation path. The phase-stable system operates at 3.2 GHz and employs a 12-element horizontal receiving antenna array. The amplitudes and relative phases of the output signals from the individual elements are sequentially sampled and recorded at a 40-Hz rate. Off-line processing of the amplitude and phase data samples is used to 'scan' in azimuth a 0.3 deg wide fan beam through a 3.88 deg sector and to obtain virtual simultaneous Doppler spectra measurements at a continuum of angles within the sector scanned. An algorithm developed to identify the apparent source direction of each spectral component permits an appropriate weighting to be applied to the spectra on the basis of angle-of-arrival. The average Doppler shift (spectrum centroid) as a function of the array pointing angle is interpreted in terms of the average transverse wind speed and direction.


To obtain an insight into behavior of saturated components in thermal cracking of heavy oils, Curie-point pyrolysis of mixtures of aromatics (A) and polar compounds (P) fractions (A+P) of deasphalted oils (DAO) (i.e. DAO samples not containing saturates fraction) prepared from an Arabian mixture (AL/AM) and Minas crude was examined in the presence of three kinds of saturated model compounds, triacontane, squalane, and cholestane. It was found that the naphthenic compound, cholestane, can considerably reduce coke yields from both oil samples, whereas the other two compounds showed essentially no effect. Possible role of naphthenic compounds in the thermal treatment of heavy oils was also discussed, based on the results of the pyrolysis of cholestane. In addition, pyrolysis of asphaltenes from the two crudes, in the presence of the saturates fraction of AL/AM-DAO, which contained a relatively large amount of naphthenic compounds, was also examined.


The title alcohol (IIb), the smallest possible alcohol derived from methallyl selenocyanate, is a readily prepared functionalized allylic selenocyanate whose hydroxyl group can be derivatized by glycosylation under standard conditions without detriment to the selenium functionality.


This paper addresses particle filtering for multi-sensor multi-target tracking implemented on a graphics processing unit (GPU) architecture. The GPU-accelerated particle filter is constructed as a distributed computation particle filter in which resampling is done in a distributed manner. The simulation result gives a comparison of the tracking accuracy and computation speed of the GPU-accelerated particle filtering to those of standard sequential CPU implementations. We analyze the effect of the resampling group size, which is the most important parameter in the distributed computation particle filter. While significant speedup is observed in GPU-accelerated particle filtering, the group size provides a trade-off between tracking accuracy and computation speed.


Grit-blasting technique for cutting line gaps in paints, hard coats, lubricants, and other coating films undergoing development. Line gaps cut in chevron patterns, groups of parallel lines, or other prescribed patterns, in preparation for testing adhesions of coats to substrates by attempting to peel patterned areas off with adhesive tapes. Damage to substrate reduced.


Transferring knowledge from task-agnostic pre-trained deep models for downstream tasks is an important topic in computer vision research. Along with the growth of computational capacity, we now have open-source Vision-Language pretrained models in large scales of the model architecture and amount of data. In this study, we focus on transferring knowledge for vision classification tasks. Conventional methods randomly initialize the linear classifier head for vision classification, but they leave the usage of the text encoder for downstream visual recognition tasks undiscovered. In this paper, we revise the role of the linear classifier and replace the classifier with the embedded language representations of the object categories. These language representations are initialized from the text encoder of the vision-language pre-trained model to further utilize its well-pretrained language model parameters. The empirical study shows that our method improves both the performance and the training speed of video classification, with a negligible change in the model. In particular, our paradigm achieves the state-of-the-art accuracy of 87.3% on Kinetics-400. Code: https://github.com/whwu95/Text4Vis .


In this work, we investigate the anisotropic Bianchi type I cosmological model in the chiral set-up in a twofold manner. Firstly, we consider a quintessence plus a [Formula: see text]-essence-like model, where two scalar fields but only one potential term is considered. Secondly, we look at a model where in addition to the two scalar fields the two potential terms are taken into account as well as the standard kinetic energy and the mixed term. Regarding this second model, it is shown that two possible cases can be studied: a quintom-like case and a quintessence-like case. In each of the models, we were able to find both classical and quantum analytical solutions.


This paper examines the use of appropriation in contemporary internet art -- postinternet art -- in terms of internet technology and web content. The paper suggests that postinternet art reflects our cultural reality through the ubiquity and fluidity of internet services. This results to novel artistic practices that draw on the cultural connections made online by appropriating found web content and internet technology. The paper presents a study of 190 artworks from the ArtBase Rhizome's digital archive between 2010-2015 to provide evidence on how and to what extent postinternet art appropriates the internet.


To the Editor: I read the recent article by Dr LaDora Thompson on aging (January 1994) with great interest. Research on the effects of aging on skeletal muscle has been increasing in recent years, and there is now a large body of literature to synthesize. The author has done an admirable job of blending animal and human data. However, I would like to add one more piece of information. With respect to humans, on page 76, she discussed the possible role of the central nervous system in affecting measurement of maximal isometric strength (volitional contractions). The last sentence of the relevant paragraph concludes, "Thus, many factors, including motivation, could affect measurements of maximal isometric force."

In our study of the relationship between age and isometric strength of the human ankle musculature,1 we used the technique of percutaneous motor nerve stimulation to assess descending volitional drive.2,3…

[ ARTICLE][1]

 [1]: /lookup/volpage/74/71?iss=1


9561 Background: Mer is a receptor tyrosine kinase that belongs to a tyrosine kinase subfamily including Axl and Tyro-3. Mer is expressed in monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells and platelets, bu...


The deductibility of commuting costs in Germany is discussed permanently. The paper adresses the question, whether the taxpayers do react to the commuting allowances (Entfernungspauschale). It is shown that individual mobility depends on the responsibilities for companion, children and relatives. The commuting allowances are unsuitable to realize aims of urban, traffic and regional planning. Hence a return back to the system of full deductibility of work-related expenses is necessary if they choose public transportation. Furthermore a tax-deductible flat-rate per kilometer is required if they go by car.


interest Amelia is, as Sir Walter Scott observed, "a continuation of 'Tom Jones.' "2 But, whatever those reasons are, he is as reticent about them in Amelia as he was loquacious on the subject of his art in his earlier books. In fact, the very absence of those typically Fieldingesque critical discussions is an important clue to the nature of the difference between this last novel and the others.


A method and an apparatus for outputting data from a semiconductor memory are provided to enable to vary the pull-up or pull-down slew rate and the data output timing by adjusting a bias level applied on the semiconductor memory. An output device of a semiconductor memory includes a bias generator(500), a slew rate controller(700), and a data output unit(20). The bias generator generates a bias corresponding to a preset value. The slew rate controller controls a pull-up or pull-down slew rate of input data according to the bias generated at the bias generator. The data output unit outputs the data according to the slew rate, which is controlled by the slew rate controller. The bias generator includes a register, a level switching unit, an output controller, and a bias output unit.


We report on noise-induced patterns and threshold characteristics for the ac-driven electrohydrodynamic system in nematic liquid crystals. The wave number-dependence of the threshold for the stochastic system was experimentally investigated with controlling intensity rate of noise. The results are discussed in comparison with the previous experimental and theoretical ones. Moreover, unexpected patterns as well as pre-transitional ones are presented.


Abstract Who financed the great expansion of the Victorian equity market, and what attracted them to invest? Using data on 453 firm-years and over 172,000 shareholders, we find that the largest providers of capital were rentiers, men with no formal occupation who relied on investment income. We also see a substantial growth in women investors as time progressed. In terms of clientele effects, we find that rentiers invested in large firms, whilst businessmen were the venture capitalists of young, regional enterprises. Women and the middle classes preferred safe investments, whilst financiers and institutional investors were speculators in foreign companies. Our results may help to explain the growth of new types of assets catering for particular clienteles, and the development of managerial policies on dividends and share issues.


To overcome the weakness of the narrow conversion gain of dual bridge resonant converter, a half-dual bridge resonant converter (H-DBRC) with voltage match modulation (VMM) is proposed and implemented for wide voltage range applications. The H-DBRC, including a full bridge on the primary side and a half bridge on the secondary side, is adopted to realize the bidirectional power flow and wide voltage operation. Owing to the synergy between the H-DBRC structure and VMM strategy, the converter can operate in full-bridge state and half-bridge state with maximized ZVS (zero-voltage switching) operation and minimized circulating current. The steady-state analysis is performed and the solutions for both forward and backward modes could be obtained uniformly by using the fundamental harmonics approximation approach. The soft-switching characteristics, implementation process and design example are analyzed in detail. Finally, to confirm the theoretical analysis and feasibility, both simulation and experimental verifications are demonstrated in this paper. Since the converter consistently achieves voltage-matching operation, the optimal ZVS range can be obtained when the voltage gain M is between 0.5 to 1. Moreover, the economic cost and control complexity are greatly reduced because only six switches are required in the converter.


Today, the Web is increasingly used as a platform for distributed services, which transcend organizational boundaries to form federated applications. Consequently, there is a growing interest in the architectural aspect of Web-based systems, i.e. the composition of the overall solution into individual Web applications and Web services from different parties. The design and evolution of federated systems calls for models that give an overview of the structural as well as trust-specific composition and reflect the technical details of the various accesses. We introduce the WebComposition Architecture Model (WAM) as an overall modeling approach tailored to aspects of highly distributed systems with federation as an integral factor.


To solve the "special coal seam" with complex coal seam structure, fault phenomenon, and many gangue layers and complex gangue lithology in Qi Panjing coal mine, the problems such as hole collapse and blockage of coal seam water injection dust removal drilling are caused. From the aspects of drilling layout, drilling technology, and gangue material consolidation, a complete set of key technologies for prevention and control of water injection and dust removal in "special coal seam," have been formed. Seven boreholes have been drilled in I020902 return air roadway of Qi Panjing coal mine, and field comparative test has been carried out. The results show that: after adopting the complete set of key technologies of drilling prevention and control, the drilling depth is 85-100 m, the average depth is 98 m, and the drilling depth of coal seam water injection can reach 170-185 m; the footage per cycle is greatly improved, with the minimum increase of 30.86%, the maximum increase of 46.38%, and the average increase of 36.77%, to save drilling time and bring good economic benefits, and there is no collapse in the borehole hole, to ensure the safety of production. It has a good reference, and practical guiding significance for other coal mining faces, especially for "special coal seam" working face.


The existence of special microwave effects in the emulsion polymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate with two different initiators is investigated. All the experiments are conducted in either Pyrex or silicon carbide reaction vessels employing a dedicated single-mode microwave reactor and are monitored with a dual temperature-measurement system consisting of an external infrared sensor and an internal fi ber optical probe. The goal of this study is to study the infl uence of the electromagnetic fi eld on both the decomposition rate of the radical initiators and on the emulsion polymerization itself. For both types of transformation, no direct infl uence of the electromagnetic fi eld can be observed, therefore ruling out the occurrence of any type of specifi c or nonthermal microwave effects in these reactions.