This study addresses two interrelated questions. First, how can we expand the utility of the two-level model by developing the international level of the game, and second, how can this new conceptualization of the two-level game improve our understanding of how chief negotiators create a negotiation strategy? To address these questions, it will be explained how a state formulates its international strategy by taking into account that states participate in international institutions and are bound by their own domestic politics. Specifically, the relationship between chief executive, that executive's perception of bargaining strength relative to the legislature and alliance membership will be framed in a two-level game. By utilizing a two-level model, it will be possible to construct a series of hypotheses that explain, which strategy the chief executive will use at the outset of a negotiation. The hypotheses will be tested by examining the strategies chosen by four heads of state (Francois Mitterrand, George Bush, Margaret Thatcher and Helmut Kohl) towards the Iraqi government in the days after Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. Overall, this study is meant to be a ``first-cut'' at explaining the choice of strategy during negotiations and addressing the deficiencies of the two-level model.


. The paper the application possibility of the new IGES-006 seismic sensor for monitoring tasks. The sensor is developed at the Institute of Geophysics and Engineering Seismology after A. Nazarov of the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia. The IGES-006 sensor can be used both as part of various seismic monitoring systems and for solving special engineering problems. The sensor prototype has successfully passed laboratory and field tests, including the seismic monitoring mode. To assess the possibility of using the IGES-006 sensor as an import-substituting scientific device, it was compared with the Russian SPV-3K sensor, which is quite similar in parameters. A comparative analysis of seismic signals recorded using IGES-006 and SPV-3K sensors in the time and frequency domains have been carried out. The comparison results indicate the prospects for mass production of IGES-006.


The nucleophilic substitution reaction of poly(epichlorohydrin)(PECH) with phenolate has been studied. This process is accompanied by dehydrochlorination, which leads to a considerable proportion of vinyl ether moieties. The elimination side reaction seems to be responsible for the cleavage usually observed in this kind of modification process. Likewise, some attempts have been made in order to get high degrees of substitution by minimizing the cleavage. The chain scission has been mechanistically explained on the basis of the reactions of PECH homopolymer with phenolate and/or TBAB, of poly(oxy-1-methyleneethylene) with tetrabutyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) and poly(oxy-1-chloromethyl- ethylene-co-oxy-1-methyleneethylene) copolymer with phenolate and/or TBAB.


This article discusses the three-dimensional ambulance under the future war conditions.The unexpectedness of battlefields and complexity of the wounded in the future warfare necessitate the establishment of a three-dimensional system of medical rescue that can be organized by land,water and air.With an analysis of the features of modern war and based on the theory of modern treatment,the authors have proposed the requirements for designing the mode of three-dimensional rescue in the war zone and its typical procedures,set forth the view that rapid reaction and three-dimensional rescue are the most effective medical guarantee of combat strength,and provided a scientific basis for building a medical rescue system in the future warfare.


In his seminal work Ideology and Organization in Communist China, first published in 1966, Franz Schurmann presented a comprehensive sociological analysis of the Communist Party of China's (CPC) revolutionary construction of a "New China". In his introduction, Schurmann highlights two main points. The first is that ideology and organisation condition each other. In Schurmann's words, organisations are "structures of differentiated roles which require the ordered exercise of power", while ideology is a "manner of thinking characteristic of an organization". The second and even more important point is that ideology and organisation in communist China are different from "culture", "ethos" or "social system", which are shorthand for how things are. Ideology and organisation, however, are action-oriented. They form a "rational instrument to do a job", with the job being the creation of a new system and culture to replace the old ones destroyed during the revolution. During the revolution, ideology and organisation were destructive tools, breaking down the old system and elite; after the revolution, the CPC turned to the same instruments, making them into productive tools in the creation of a new society, culture and elite. Action and power are keywords in Schurmann's work, and are drawn from an American sociological tradition inspired by Max Weber that prominently includes Talcott Parsons. Schurmann maintains that there is little sense in a pure exegesis of Chinese communist ideological writings. What matters is how ideology is used as a programme of action. Ideology is produced not as statements of truth, but to guide


The transfer of heat was used as a measure of the mixing efficiency of a one-inch shrouded paddle in a mixersettler. The effect of paddle speed, total flow, flow ratio, and mixer configuration on the thermal mixing efficiency was determnined in over 100 runs. (auth)


Abstract: In April and May 2010, 33 cases of Escherichia coli O145 infections were reported from five US states. An epidemiologic investigation found that the illnesses were associated with the consumption of shredded lettuce. A traceback investigation from the processor led to a farm, Ranch A, that supplied lettuce to the processor. This chapter presents the findings of the field environmental assessment conducted in June 2010 on Ranch A and its surrounding watershed. The environmental assessment findings identify and enumerate environmental antecedents and contributing factors that might have influenced the contamination of the lettuce and the outbreak.


With the order of the object,the verb which meaning is deliver has two constructions in Chinese dialects.One is "V+Oi+Od",which is mainly distributed in north china;another is "V+ Od +Oi",which is mainly distributed in central and south china.There are different opinions about the origin of the last construction.With the material of ancient Chinese and minority languages,we have the idea that the last construction did not originate from the substratum but from ancient Chinese.


On the basis of reliability theory,a probability model of stability computation of landslide was set up,and the Bishop-based computational method for hazard probability of landslide was adopted in this paper,and its application was discussed in detail.The results indicated that the hazard of landslides could be fairly bettered evaluated by the method.The research achievement had reference significance for the evaluation and treatment of landslide hazard.


FIELD: machine building. SUBSTANCE: claimed invention relates to cooling or heating system valve drive. Claimed valve drive comprises the motor and control means. Note here that said motor actuates the valve element drive. Said control means comprises the preliminary adjustment means for setting the limited valve element stroke. Note here that said control means comprises flushing means. Note also that said flushing means shuts off the preliminary adjustment function. EFFECT: higher efficiency of valve flushing. 14 cl, 10 dwg


Allen, Edward J. The Second United Order among the Mormons. (New York: Columbia University Press 1936.) Pp. 148. Ault, Otho C., and Eberling, Ernest J. Principles and Problems of Economics. (New York: Longmans, Green & Co., I1936.) Pp. viii+843. Beck, P. G., and Forster, M. C. Six Rural Problem Areas: Relief Resources Rehabilitation. (Washington: Division of Research, Statistics and Finance, Research Section, Federal Emergency Relief Administration, 1935.) Pp. ix+i67. Bhatnagar, 1B. G. Municipal Administration and Finance in Pre-British Days. (Allahabad: Indian Press, Ltd., I1936.) Pp. xi+86. Blackett, Olin W. The Literature of Business Statistics: A Bibliography. Michigan Business Studies. (Ann Arbor: Bureau of Business Research, School of Business Administration, University of Michigan, 1936.) Pp. 67. Bogart, Ernest L., and Landon, Charles E. Modern Industry. (2d ed.) (New York: Longmans, Green & Co., 1936.) Pp. x+704. Bolza, Hans. Dialektische oder rationale Methoden in der Nationalbkonomie?: Eine Erwiderung an J. M. Keynes. (Munich: Duncker & Humblot, 1936.) Pp. 83. Burgess, W. Randolph. The Reserve Banks and the Money Market. (Rev. ed.) (New York: Harper & Bros., 1936.) Pp. xxv+342. Commons, John R., and Andrews, John B. Principles of Labor Legislation. (4th rev. ed.) (New York: Harper & Bros., I1936.) Pp. xviii+6o6. Coote, James A. A Graphical Survey of the Canadian Textile Industries. (Montreal: McGill University [New York: Oxford University Press], 1936.) Pp. 248. Cornell, William B. Organization and Management in Industry and Business. (A revision of Industrial Organization and Management.) (New York: Ronald Press Co., 1936.) Pp.


Acknowledgments Conventions, Measurements, and Dynasties Introduction Part One: New Routines: Associations for Doing Good 1. Societies for Liberating Animals 2. Early Benevolent Societies and Their Visionary Leaders 3. The Benevolent Society among Its Alternatives 4. Lectures for the Poor-and the Rich 5. A Benevolent Society Viewed from the Margins Part Two: Enacting Charitable Routines during a Crisis 6. Mobilizing Food Relief 7. Aligning with Officials 8. Medical Relief and Other Good Deeds 9. Beliefs in Charity-and the Rhetoric of Beliefs Conclusion: From Moral Transformation toward the Legitimation of Wealth List of Abbreviations Notes Bibliography Character Glossary Index


Abstract: Over time, mass housing projects have emerged as a solution to the problem of urban housing shortage, especially for MIGs and EWS, and continue to do so. Housing is an important indicator of development and mass housing is related to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Along with adequate numbers of houses, basic amenities are the fundamental requirement of comfortable living. A major portion of urban infrastructure is constituted by power. In the year 2022, India faced acute power crisis when daily peak power shortage rose to 10,778 MW and energy deficit reached 5% at the national level. To deal with the shortage of conventional sources of energy, India had set a target in 2016 to reach 175GW of renewable energy by 2022 and by April 2022 it had 95 GW of solar and wind power thus missing its target by 51 GW. Investment decisions of the key stakeholders of mass housing project have heavily relied on the initial construction costs, government subsidy schemes and solving the problem of urban housing shortage. While climate change and energy crisis are a reality today, investments in sustainable development are slow due to the high initial costs. It is necessary for all the stakeholders – from developers to clients, to shift their attention to the long-term performance of a building which includes operational and maintenance costs. This study compares two alternatives of a mass housing project located in Navi Mumbai


Objective: To explore the effect of treating subacute grave hepatitis (SHG) with traditional Chinese medicine.Methods: 86 patients on the foundation that adopts comprehensive basic therapy were enrolled and randomized into treatment group received Sanjun Tuihuang decoction and control groups according 2:1 ratio.Results: 76 patients completed the study. After using medicine 28 days, treatment group had notable improvement of clinical symptom and the liver function, reduced serum TBil 256μmol/L and raised prothrombin activity (PTA) 18.5% in average; total, efficently reached 80.4% 12 weeks later, follow to visit treatment group survival rate was 76.8% , and each clinical index was better than control group (P0.05) .Conclusion:Sanjun Tuihuang decoction can alleviate symptom, improve liver function, decrease mortality rate. It has very siginticantly effect on SGH.


We introduce a new technique for building multivariate cryptosystems based on random linear codes. The security of these schemes depends on some of the standard security assumptions in multivariate cryptography as well as some new problems.


Abstract: We investigated the roles of α2 autoreceptors and noradrenaline (NA) transporters on NA efflux and uptake in the rat locus coeruleus after electrical stimulation. NA efflux was evoked by various trains (50 pulses, 10‐500 Hz) and measured by fast cyclic voltammetry. NA efflux and uptake half‐time (t1/2) were stimulus‐dependent, ranging from 43 ± 3 nM and 2.45 ± 0.21 s, respectively, with 500‐Hz stimuli to 127 ± 11 nM and 4.41 ± 0.34 s, respectively, with 100‐Hz trains. Based on these data, we calculate that each transporter removes 0.19 NA molecules from the extracellular space every second, a velocity compatible more with transporter‐than channel‐mode conduction. Dexmedetomidine (10 nM) decreased NA efflux by ∼30% on stimulations of ≤1 s in duration. BRL 44408 (1 μM) increased NA efflux on stimuli of ≥2 s (by up to 92 ± 16%). Desipramine (50 nM) increased NA efflux on stimuli of ≥1 s (by 113 ± 24%) but slowed NA uptake on all stimuli. When given together, the effects of desipramine and BRL 44408 were additive at stimuli of ≥1 s but showed potentiation on shorter trains. There was a significant time delay for the elevation of NA efflux by blockade of uptake (0.79 s) or autoreceptors (1.14 s), suggesting that both are located extrasynaptically and that NA must diffuse through the extracellular space to these structures. We suggest that released NA may interact with α2 autoreceptors and NA transporters as far as 10 μm from the release sites, an action compatible with a volume transmission role of NA in the locus coeruleus.


Abstract A new species of Anolis lizard from the Andean slopes of southwestern Colombia and northwestern Ecuador, from between 1187 and 2353 m in elevation, is described. The new species can be distinguished from other Anolis in squamation, cranial osteology, hemipenial morphology, and nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. The new species is sister to Anolisaequatorialis, and it is suggested that previous records of A.aequatorialis in Colombia correspond to the new species described herein.


Whenever there are difficulties in caring for a child at home and it is not possible, or in the child's welfare interests for them to remain at home, the decision can be made for a statutory agency to become legally involved to look after the child, BELB, NEELB, SEELB, SELB and WELB Related Information.


Acute leukemia (AL) in children less than 1 year old is the relatively rare disease with specific biological features and poor outcome. It is also characterized by high incidence of MLL gene rearrangements. Immunophenotype of infants' leukemia varies due to presence or absence of MLL gene rearrangements. Aim of the study –description of immunophenotype in infant acute lymphoblastic and acute myeloid leukemia (ALL and AML respectively) due to presence of MLL gene rearrangements. Methods. Totally 540 cases of pediatric AL were studied. 113 patients (59 boys and 54 girls) aged from 5 days to 11 months were included in the study group. Their data was compared to 427 cases of acute leukemia in older children. Tumor cells immunophenotyping was performed by 6-8-color flow cytometry. Detection of various types of MLL-gene rearrangements was done by fluorescence in-situ hybridization, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and long-distance inverse PCR. Results. ALL was found less frequently in infants than in older children (68.1% and 86.9% respectively, p Conclusion. Thus immunophenotype of AL in children less than 1 year old differs significantly from patients of older age groups. Infants' ALL and AML immunophenotype varies greatly due to the presence of MLL gene rearrangements. Complex diagnostic immunophenotyping of infants' AL allows predicting presence of MLL rearrangements while NG2 and CD11b are the most applicable single markers for ALL and AML respectively. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Scheduling a semester exam at Sriwijaya State Polytechnic is an activity that is always done at the end of each semester. To meet the needs of preparing for the semester exam schedule requires special time and attention so that the exam schedule can be arranged properly. Preparing the semester exam scheduling will be better by using a computer application, so that the leadership and administration can more easily arrange the semester exam scheduling. In addition students and examiners can find out the exam schedule that must be done through the application. But the semester exam scheduling application is not yet available at educational institutions. Before building a good semester exam scheduling application requires a semester exam scheduling application design, so this design can meet all the needs needed when building an application. For this reason, this study aims to build the design of semester exam scheduling applications that can be used by admins, leaders, students and supervisors.


Foreign workers are usually reported in official figures and reports having more work-related accidents than native populations. However, studies on this topic are scarce and the results inconclusive. This work examines this problem with a double descriptive and explanatory analysis of the Spanish context, and testing the cultural hypothesis. From official data provided by the Ministry of Employment and Social Security, there were found significant differences in the number of accidents depending on the country of origin of the worker, and that the number of accidents varies according to the productive sector (specially in Construction and Services). It was also found that the cultural dimensions by Hofstede (2001), especially uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation, are related to the variation in the number of accidents, with different effects depending on sex (proportion of men in relation women) and the sector. Practical implications mainly related to training and prevention issues from the perspective of diversity management and the fact that work contexts require broad intervention programs are discussed. It is highlighted the need for further research in this field.


In this paper, a new approach is proposed to simulate images impacted by the Aero-Optical Effect (AOE) of High-Speed Flow Field. We first study the mechanism of the Aero-Optical Effect of High-Speed Flow Field, and its influence on the imaging system of the aircrafts. After reviewing existing methods of simulating blurred images impacted by the AOE, we show a novel method of simulating uneven blurred images which makes a great contrast to the traditional algorithms. Experimental results indicate that the blurred images generated by our methods are much closer to authentic situations than the previous results.


The aims of this paper are twofold: first, to illustrate the utility of psychophysical scaling methods in building reliable and valid scales of social opinion, and second, to report research findings on the development and validation of a scale for measuring support for political phenomena. The scaling experiments reported here provide compelling evidence of the successful extension of psychophysics from the measurement of sensory phenomena to the measurement of political opinion. In contrast to alternative scaling techniques, these psychophysical scaling methods provide a means to develop interval or ratio scales and assign meaningful values to the scale items. A thirty-item adjectival scale is tested and found to be a reliable, regression-free, and psychophysically valid instrument for measuring the degree of support for political institutions, policies, and roles. The range of the General Support Scale is approximately 100:1. Intervally spaced items may be selected from this scale for use in a survey instrument. Political scientists frequently need to determine not only what attributes people associate with political parties, incumbents and candidates, institutions, policies, and issues, but also how intensely people feel about the attributes they perceive. How strongly does a person identify with a political party? How much confidence does he have in the Supreme Court? How deeply does he feel about the use of busing to integrate the elementary schools in his area? How worried is he about an impending depression? a war? an increase in real estate taxes? How committed is he to democratic processes? When dealing with queries like these, concern rather obviously extends


Why have secular outlooks made so little headway in the United States in the twentieth century? Why did the Congress of the United States impeach Bill Clinton in 1998? Why have so many medical doctors in the United States been intimidated into refusing to provide abortion services to women? Might the answers to these three questions be the same?


II III Does a dysfunctional heart alter excitatory synapses in the hippocampus? Master's degree 60 study points 2014 Does a dysfunctional heart alter excitatory synapses in the hippocampus? Abstract It is known that elderly people suffering from heart disease can have memory problems. The hippocampus is the part of the brain that is essential for memory formation and is one of the areas that is most vulnerable to cerebral hypoperfusion. Long-term potentiation is widely accepted as the cellular basis for memory. Upregulation of glutamate receptors of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) type in the synaptic membranes is important to make the synapses more efficient during long-term potentiation. While animal models of acute global or focal brain ischemia have been widely investigated, the brain effects caused by a dysfunctional heart have been insufficiently studied, in particular with respect to cellular and molecular mechanisms that link heart failure to cognitive impairment. To address the issue of a relation between heart failure and cognitive impairment, we have used a mouse model with specific, inducible expression of the mutUNG1enzyme in the heart. The mutUNG1 enzyme generates mitochondrial DNA damage in the form of apurinic/apyrimidinic sites which leads to mitochondrial impairment in cardiomyocytes and ultimately a dysfunctional heart. This gives the opportunity to study possible changes in the brain of a chronic heart failure mouse model. The aim of this thesis was to investigate whether a dysfunctional heart affects the expression of AMPA and NMDA receptors in the hippocampus, which would provide a possible explanation to the memory deficits experienced by patients suffering from heart disease. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify the gene expression of AMPA and NMDA receptors. Quantitative electron microscopy, by the use of postembedding immunogold labelling, was used to study the number of AMPA and NMDA receptors present in excitatory synapses of the hippocampus, as well as synaptic morphology in the form of postsynaptic density length. The results obtained by qPCR showed large variations in gene expression within both groups, but no significant difference was found between them. Quantitative electron microscopy VI showed no significant differences in number of receptors at the protein level and in the length of postsynaptic densities. These results show that acute heart failure as induced in this mouse model may not be sufficient to have an impact on the brain. Nonetheless, the use of a different chronic heart failure model in future …


Supernova remnants (SNRs) are considered as being the sources of galactic cosmic rays. In order to understand the origin, acceleration, and composition of these cosmic rays, detailed knowledge of the physical conditions in the local interstellar medium is needed. The shock interaction of SNRs with molecular clouds that gives rise to strong molecular emission in the far-IR and sub-mm wavelength regimes can be used as a highly valuable tracer of these conditions. The application of MHD shock models in the interpretation of the resulting line emission can yield information on the energetic and chemical impact of supernova remnants. We have mapped two regions in the supernova remnant W44 with the APEX telescope in ${}^{12}$CO (3-2), (4-3), (6-5), (7-6) and ${}^{13}$CO (3-2). The extraction of integrated intensities on five different positions, corresponding to local maxima of CO emission, allows to compare these intensities to the outputs of a grid of models, which combine an MHD shock code with a radiative transfer module based on the 'large velocity gradient' approximation. We find that the observed CO line emission is compatible with non-stationary shocks and a pre-shock density of $10^4$ cm${}^{-3}$. Our models furthermore allow to constrain shock ages, velocities, the pre-shock magnetic field strength components perpendicular to the line-of-sight, and the full ladder of CO transitions. Finally, our analysis can be used to estimate the contribution of such SNRs to, e.g. the galactic energy balance and the momentum-injection into the surrounding interstellar medium.


The traditional sprocket wheel mechanism was substituted by the planar four-bar linkages in the transmission system to reconstruct bicycle,based on the principle of lever.The actual application results indicate that the design has characters such as novelty structure,unique principle,higher energy transferring efficiency and etc..It provides a new approach for improving and development of the driving technique of manual bicycle.Due to small motion range of lever,the new mechanism can also be adopted by the vehicle special for the handicapped to operate manually in convenience and in industry of the sightseeing and environmental protection machinery.


In a continuing experimental program, we are investigating the conversion of hardwoods, such as white oak (Quercus alba) to activated carbons by chemical activation with phosphoric acid. The aims of the research are to establish the relationships between chemical and morphological change and porosity development, with the long term goal of developing new adsorbents with controlled porosity and surface chemistry, through the selection of the precursor, reagent, and reaction parameters. The research is further directed to enhancing the use of wood materials, some of which are not appropriate feedstocks for conventional industrial applications, and to providing potential solutions to the problem of the economic utilization of wood wastes from primary and secondary wood industries.


Designing effective technology-based learning environments is challenging. Designing effective technology-based learning environments to facilitate learning about complex knowledge domains is more challenging. To a large extent, the key to the puzzle lies in identifying which scaffolding strategies are more effective; and under which conditions. In a simulation-based inquiry-learning environment, this controlled study investigated the effect of two promising scaffolding strategies; question prompts and system dynamics model progressions, on ninth-grade biology students' cognitive regulation and complex problem-solving skills. For simpler complex problems, findings suggested that both scaffolding strategies were equally effective. However, as the problems increased in complexity, system dynamics model progressions were significantly more effective for facilitating both cognitive regulation and complex problem-solving skills.


Background: The critical factor for supporting children with intellectual disabilities is the awareness and constructive participation of support systems such as their families and carers. The present study attempts to identify the attitude of the caregivers toward the intellectually disabled children. The objective of the study was to evaluate the current level of caregivers' attitudes toward children with intellectual disabilities in selected institutions, Bangalore. Method: This study was based on descriptive research design. Three special schools located in Bangalore were selected. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 134 caregivers. It includes a demographic profile and attitude questionnaire for caregivers toward children with intellectual disability. Results: About 15.7% of caregivers had the most favorable attitude; half (51%) of them had a favorable attitude, and 33% had an unfavorable attitude toward children with intellectual disability. Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that most caregivers had a favorable attitude, whereas one-third of the caregivers in the selected setting had an unfavorable attitude. This study shows that the majority of the children with intellectual disability were suffering from epilepsy and behavioral disorder. Therefore, it is important to take needed steps such as education and awareness to foster acceptance and care among caregivers.


Some aspects relating to growth and performance of agro-based industries like socio-economic characteristics, capital structure, employment and level of output are covered and suggestions emanating from the conclusions are offered for ensuring a better performance in selected agro-based industries in Andhra Pradesh, India. In the present study the impact on rural employment, rural income and wage structure, analyze the contribution on socio-economic development and effort made by the Government to develop rural infrastructure, agro-based industries for the uplift of the rural economy and study on infrastructural facilities of agro-based industries in rural areas at micro level in Andhra Pradesh, India


Engineered cementitious composites (ECC) are materials exhibiting strain-hardening behavior up to several percent tensile strain with the formation of multiple cracks. The conditions for achieving multiple cracking have been investigated in literature, but issues such as the sequential formation of multiple cracking, the number of cracks formed at a particular stress level (which governs material ductility) and the crack opening at a particular strain (which affects durability) are seldom addressed. In this paper, a new model to simulate the overall stress-strain relation for an ECC member is developed. For a bridging fiber at a certain inclination angle, the fiber stress and the stress transferred to the matrix at various distances from the crack is derived with consideration of slip hardening behavior, snubbing effect at the fiber/matrix interface and fiber rupture. At any applied loading, the matrix stress at any distance from the crack can be obtained by summing up the stress transfer from all the acting fibers. With a stochastic approach to describe the continuous variation of matrix strength along the member, the stress field in the matrix is compared to the distributed matrix strength to determine the positions of new cracks. The strain at a particular stress level, as well as the corresponding number and openings of cracks, can then be obtained. Using this model, the effects of various micro parameters on the ductility and strength of ECC member can be simulated. This provides guidelines for the design of ECC to achieve better mechanical performance.


The winding device of wet wire drawing take-up which affects winding quality directly and twisting quality and efficiency of steel cord is key part in producing steel cord.The principle,characteristic and application of three kinds of wet wire drawing take-up winding way such as equal angle winding,equal array pitch winding and adjustable equal array pitch winding were introduced.The sketch was given.It is pointed out that adjustable equal array pitch winding centralize advantages of equal angle winding and equal array pitch winding together,realizes the flexible connection and control of take-up speed and pay-off speed,winding wire is flat and smooth,internal and external layer is almost the same.


We propose a novel and intuitive way to quantify the utility of a classifier in cases where automatic classification is deployed as partial replacement of human effort, but accuracy requirements exceed the capabilities of the classifier at hand. in our approach, a binary classifier is combined with a meta-classifier mapping all decisions of the first classifier that do not meet a pre-specified confidence level to a third category: for manual inspection. this ternary classifier can now be evaluated in terms of its yield, where yield is defined as the proportion of observations that can be classified automatically with a pre-specified minimum accuracy.


1. Introduction In November 2015, the Third Joint Nordic Conference on Development Research was organised by the School of Global Studies, University of Gothenburg (Sweden). Development research has a long (and rather strong) history in the Nordic (1) countries. In fact, Nordic development studies have been able to respond continuously (and to some extent jointly) to the challenges over the last 50 years by producing thought-provoking research--as evidenced by a range of new approaches, new methodologies, new theories, extending both mono- and cross/ interdisciplinary areas of study and innovative development policies. Between the 1970s and 1990s, there was a fairly strong sense of 'Nordic-ness' among both researchers and policymakers. However, the so-called 'crisis of development studies' in the 1980s and 1990s impacted negatively on Nordic cooperation and both research and policy became more varied and fragmented. In the early 2000s, attempts were made by leading Nordic development researchers to revitalise cooperation, which resulted in the First Joint Nordic Conference on Development Research in Copenhagen in 2011. The general purpose of the joint conferences is to bring together researchers and practitioners from the Nordic countries (and beyond) to debate and rethink contemporary issues in development research and policy. The inaugural conference of this 'new era of Nordic cooperation', held in Copenhagen in 2011, focused on the contribution of the Nordic perspectives and approaches to development/development studies visa-vis global and other approaches to development. Subsequent bi annual conferences have continued to explore the Nordic approach to development policy and research while at the same time addressing other critical issues in development research. The second Joint Nordic Conference in Helsinki in 2013 focused on the role of knowledge production in and for development while the third held in Gothenburg in 2015 continued and deepened the discussions from previous conferences through the theme "A Changing Global Development Agenda?". It aimed, in particular, to address the development implications of global recovery, emerging powers, new patterns of vulnerability, as well as of economic crisis, environmental crises, urbanisation, and humanitarian and governance crises. The conference also reflected on the significance, content, and possible implications for the post-2015 global development agenda and the future of sustainable development. Attracting more than 200 participants from 18 countries, the conference in Gothenburg was organised around 17 working groups that involved more than 100 paper presentations, four thematic roundtables, and two keynote speeches by Professor Inge Kaul and Professor Adebayo Olukoshi. The purpose of this report is to reflect on the status of Nordic development studies in light of the experience of the last conference in Gothenburg. To that end, we reflect on two themes that we consider as essential to the field of study but which causes both friction and fragmentation: (i) the many meanings of development; and (ii) Africa as a continued 'object' of Nordic development studies. The report concludes with a reflection about how we think different standpoints on these issues can be productively balanced. 2. The many meanings of 'development': frictions or creative pluralism? Everybody interested in 'development' knows that it is an essentially contested concept, implying that there is no consensus about its meaning and how it should be defined. As Sumner and Tribe (2008: 10) rightly point out, "it would be an understatement to say that the definition of 'development' has been controversial and unstable over time". There is, as with most 'fields of study', no consensus on an absolute and final definition, only suggestions as to what development may mean in different contexts (Hettne 1995, 2005, 2009). Similar to previous gatherings, development was a contested concept at the recent conference. …


In recent years, spectral X-ray imaging using photon counting detectors (PCDs) becomes a hot topic in the field. For a PCD, each individual incident photon with different energies is analyzed and assigned to different energy channels according to pre-set thresholds respectively. Thus, the data from an energy channel carry spectral information. Because of the influence of pulse pileup, charge sharing and other physical effects, energy calibration of PCDs is a piece of challenging work. Various energy calibration methods of PCDs have been researched. Most of them demand extensive work with additional sources or equipments. In this work, we propose a novel approach for energy calibration by using only one monochromatic source. We use iterative optimization method to fully excavate and utilize the data. The method requires fewer experiments than other common-used calibration methods. Moreover, the charge sharing effect is implicitly taken into account in this method which is an important factor in the calibration of pixel detectors. We validated our method with radioactive sources. The resulting energy spectrum matched well as expected.


In order to improve Betula platyphylla seedling quality,the biomass allocation,nutrient( N,P,K)content dynamics,nutrient loading and leaf photosynthesis of B. platyphylla container seedlings under constant( CF),exponential( EF),half exponential( HEF) and doubled exponential fertilization( DEF)regimes and control( CK) were studied in the first year growing. Results showed that: 1) at the end of the growing season,EF treatment improved the biomass of seedlings and the biomass proportion of root.The total biomass of seedlings under EF treatment was greater than that under CK( P 0. 05) in23. 87%. The biomass proportion of root under EF treatment was greater than that under both CF and DEF treatment( P 0. 05) in 26. 09%. 2) EF treatment improved the nutrient loading of seedling with no significant difference from that under DEF treatment. However the nutrient content of seedling under EF treatment was greater than that under CF,HEF and CK treatment in 29. 65%,33. 42% and 113. 74respectively. 3) During the peak periods of seedlings growth,EF treatment promoted photosynthetic characteristics of seedling leaf. Chlorophyll concentration and photosynthetic rate of B. platyphylla seedlings under EF treatment was greater than that under CF treatment in 15. 2%( P 0. 05),7. 3%( P 0. 05) respectively. Meanwhile,seedling leaf area under EF treatment was greater than that under CF treatment in 14. 3%. 4) The concentration of N,P and N,K nutrient under 5 fertilization treatments was linear correlation. Exponential fertilization improved the P,K uptake efficiency( EF DEF HEF CF CK) in seedlings. EF reffectively promoted biomass accumulation and improved nutrient loading,meanwhile,significantly increased P,K utilization. EF is the best fertilization regime for B. platyphylla seedlings.


PURPOSE: To obtain a reduced-calorie and low fat mayonnaise with excellent storage property in spite of providing almost no unpleasant sourness, where a pH value is reduced to be equal to below the specified one by means of a gluconodelta-lactone. CONSTITUTION: The gluconodelta-lactone is added to mayonnaise or dressing singly or as a mixture with acetic acid so as to reduce the pH value to be equal to below about 3.5, preferably about 3.3. The gluconodelta-lactone is hydrolyzed by water, a large part exists as glucon acid and it is provided with only mild sourness. The addition quantity of the gluconodelta-lactone is till about 1 wt.%.


Robert J. O'Donnell is Principal, Canton High School, Canton, Massachusetts. C LOUDS OF DUST being raised by curriculum specialists in the past decade bear witness to the static condition which has characterized our courses of study. Subject content in many areas is feeling the effects of the thorough housecleaning becoming prevalent in our schools today. Although texts tell us of the ever-changing content of curriculum, actual classroom offerings bear witness to the suspended animation which has generally prevailed in our courses of study. In far too many cases, curriculum change has been determined by a new text book, the content dictating the degree of curricular innovation made in the program. Schools, of course, examined the courses of study but the sub-


At a recent symposium offered to specialists in the rheumatic diseases I heard a paper on juvenile rheumatoid arthritis ( Still's disease) which is defined as a form of the disease that occurs before the age of puberty. The speaker was concerned chiefly with diagnosis, signs, symptoms, and therapy, but he remarked that the disease commonly disappears and seldom returns in later life. This statement was questioned by a member of the audience, and the speaker replied that figures indicating recurrence often came from chronic disease units, not from centers that had followed their patients for a long time, such as his own unit, in which the follow-up had averaged nine years. As I listened I found myself applying the kind of excessively simplified and exaggerated arithmetic that is useful in numerical problems that seem simple but often contain traps for the unwary. I visualized one patient who had been followed for 1 year after the disease had disappeared and another patient who had been followed for 17 years. The average (arithmetic mean) follow-up would be 9 years. Then I enlarged the picture to include many patients, with various durations of follow-up, with increasing loss of contact year by year, and


Study on soil moisture conditions of 30years artificial Robinia pseudoacaciain the north of Shaanxi under different climate conditions in order to explore the relationship between soil moisture and impact factor of Robinia pseudoacaciain this area,and variation characteristics of soil moisture in the Loess Plateau region.The results show that soil moisture content decreases with the increase of soil depth,and in 40—50cm depth the jump point of moisture reduction appears significantly.Soil moisture was lower than the growth critical moisture in 5samples to the north of Chunhua,and has different degrees of deficit.Soil moisture deficit degree was more than 50%in sandy loam and light loam soils such as YuLin,Shenmu and Suide.With the increasing of latitude,both of soil accumulative storage and net rainfall tends to decrease,and the relationship between them is significant correlation,indicating that that climate conditions are the major factors causing significant difference of soil moisture.


The eddy current loss of permanent magnet will result in the increase of permanent magnet temperature and the change of the magnetic properties, the efficiency of the generator will be reduced and the performance will become poor. In this paper, the permanent magnet eddy current loss of the finite element model of two degree of freedom permanent magnet synchronous generator is calculated and analyzed by finite element method. The curves of permanent magnets eddy current loss under different generator parameters are simulated and analyzed. Then, the thermal characteristics of two degree of freedom permanent magnet wind power generator are analyzed by using the thermal steady state analysis module in ANSYS. The results show that the eddy current loss has an influence on the thermal characteristics, the parameters optimization of the generator can effectively reduce the eddy current losses and reduce the influence of heating on the magnetic properties of the permanent magnet The theoretical basis for the optimal design of the generator is provided.


The invention relates to a micro-technical component for a magnetic sensor apparatus or a magnetic actuator with at least one along one axis (10) aligned magnetic core (12), at least one first drive coil (14) in a first rotational direction about the at least one magnetic core (12) extending turns, and at least one contact (18a, 18b) through which a first current flow in a first current direction through the at least one first drive coil (14) is effected, said micro-technical component, at least one second drive coil (16) in a second rotational direction to the at least one magnetic core (12) extending turns, the first rotary direction and the second direction of rotation are different, and wherein on the at least one contact (18a, 18b) simultaneously with the first current flow is a second current flow in a first current direction opposing second current direction through the at least one second drive coil (16) is effected. The invention also relates to a manufacturing method for a micro-technical component.


New insights regarding the form of the accelerated anomalous cosmic ray spectrum at the solar wind termination shock, obtained from solutions of the cosmic ray transport equation, are presented. A simple analytical expression for the spectrum on the shock is derived, and its dependence on the acceleration parameters is shown. Particular attention is paid to the high-energy cutoff of this spectrum. This expression and its parameterization should be applicable for the acceleration of charged particles in any spherical shock.


In the invention flat ceramic plate is heat-treated on curved refractory mould to soften the ceramic for shaping the plate with a same curved surface of the mould. The surface of the curved plate is then glazed or ground. The invention is used on the surface of columns, wall corners etc. to replace granite and marble.


The gas-phase reaction of ozone with olefins represents an important path for the conversion of unsaturated hydrocarbons in the atmosphere. The current interest is focused on the formation of stabilized Criegee intermediates (sCI) and possible further reactions of sCI. We report results from the ozonolysis of 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene (TME), trans-2-butene and 1-methyl-cyclohexene (MCH) carried out in an atmospheric pressure flow tube at 293 ± 0.5 K and RH = 50% using chemical ionization atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight (CI-APi-TOF) mass spectrometry to detect H2SO4 produced from SO2 oxidation by sCI. The yields of sCI were found to be in good agreement with recently observed data: 0.62 ± 0.28 (TME), 0.53 ± 0.24 (trans-2-butene) and 0.16 ± 0.07 (MCH). The rate coefficients for sCI + SO2 from our experiment, (0.9–7.7) × 10–13 cm3 molecule–1 s–1, are within the range of recommendations from indirect determinations as given so far in the literature. Our study helps to assess the importance of sCI in...


ABSTRACT The [wall/barrier/fence] built by Israel near the Green Line has produced a new object around which political actors, especially those engaged in contentious politics around the Israeli/Palestinian conflict, can use to focus and shape their language and actions. Using the notion of discursive fields, this paper examines the use of the three terms wall, fence, and barrier among social movement actors from Israel, Palestine, and elsewhere to describe the object, arguing that the difference between wall-discourse and fence-discourse marks out separate discursive faces that embody different sets of assumptions about the conflict, relevant actors, and normative priorities. It also argues that, while barrier-discourse tries to stake out a ground outside this binary, its reception by those engaged in other discourses negates the attempt.


Abstract
This chapter examines destination risk perceptions of domestic pilgrims in Mashhad, Iran. Self-reported questionnaires were distributed to visitors of Imam Reza shrine in Mashhad through a time-based systematic random sampling method. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. Results indicate that perceived risk was associated negatively with the quality of past visits, nonvictimization experience, and destination loyalty. Having past visit experiences did not moderate the strength of the model's structural links except for the perceived risk to loyalty. The findings provide insights into distinct risk perceptions that can be leveraged by destination planners to tailor business strategies to meet quality expectations.


A BSTRACT . In research of administrative sciences, the researchers use several approaches like legal approach, descriptive approach, behavioral approach, experimental approach and analytical approach. These approaches ignore the effect of religion on the employee's behavior and have other inherent shortcomings. This study develops an Islamic approach, with an alternative model. It deals with moral factors in the Islamic frame-work, regarding administration, and covers the following: This study highlights the following characteristics of the Islamic model approach:


It summarizes the state of information platform in crane factories,describes the requirement of information platform construction for these factories,advices the approach to enhance the design and manufacture efficiency,shows the four means to establish the information platform.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce a volunteer network from the Tokyo Metropolitan area that addresses the urge for senior citizens to stay mentally active and provide a possibility for them to participate in intergenerational contact as to feel included and useful to society. Design/methodology/approach – The research derives from literature review, local government documents and online presentation as well as an interview that has been conducted by the Tokyo senior information site. Findings – The REPRINTS (Research of Productivity by Intergenerational Sympathy) network in Tokyo is but one answer that combines a mentally challenging activity with intergenerational contact. The network presents an easy to reach and easy to implement diversion for schools to enable children to experience the traditional form of storytelling and help senior citizens to feel challenged and needed. Practical implications – Learning from the experience of the REPRINTS network could help to set up similar acti...


Regional atmospheric wave motions are studied on the base of hydrothermodynamical combined equations. So called modified equations are analyzed in quasi-geostrophic, quasiadiabatic approach taking into consideration relief and influence of β-effect. Using functions of influence the proper solution is indicated and their functions are analyzed. On the base of analyze of these functions, some facts about Transcaucasia, already known in the synoptic practice are firstly approved theoretically, including the fact that almost no air masses are intruded in the Caucasus directly from the north. Besides, on the basis of the full system of hydrothermodinamical equations, wave motion is researched. In the result, the fact that atmospheric processes on the Caucasus have the elongated nature along the parallel (the Caucasian mountain range) was approved, wave relieves are spread from the west to the east. The theoretical opinion is expressed to explain why temperature is fallen in the East Georgia and raised in West Georgia on the background of global warming. It is noted that the waves of so called neutral type and stationary waves may be on Transcaucasia if some condition is fulfilled between mountain characteristic parameters and the corresponding wave quantities. Period of these waves was calculated and their existence is approved according to analyzing of the photos of clouds received from the artificial satellite. The most of conclusions and results are recommended in the weather forecast service of Georgia.


This paper describes a new form of angle of arrival (AOA) detector which can be applied in an indoor visible light positioning system using LED luminaires. In this new detector, a quadrant photodiode (PD) is placed below a transparent aperture in an opaque screen. Light passing through the aperture creates an illuminated area on the quadrant PD. This light spot has the same shape and size as the aperture. The position of the light spot on the PD depends on the AOA of the light. It is shown that this position can be determined by measuring the relative optical power of the light reaching each of the four quadrants of the PD. For the case of a square aperture and a square photodetector, a simple algorithm can be used to determine the x and y coordinates of the center of the light spot on the PD. From this, the AOA can be calculated. Simulations for an indoor visible light positioning system using LED luminaires and realistic parameters show that accurate AOA estimation is possible. If different luminaires transmit different orthogonal signals, digital signal processing can be used to separately estimate the received signal powers from each of the transmitting luminaires. Thus, this new detector has the potential to provide accurate three-dimensional positioning using a single quadrant PD.


This paper investigates the free vibration characteristics of truncated conical shells with variable thickness using the Haar wavelet method. Based on the Love first-approximation theory, the governing partial differential equations are formulated, which are transformed into ordinary differential equations using the separation of variables. The Haar wavelet discretization method is introduced to predict the dynamic characteristics of truncated circular conical shells with linearly and parabolically varying thickness. The present analysis is validated by comparing the numerical results with those available in the literature and very good agreement is achieved. The effects of geometrical parameters and boundary conditions on the vibration characteristics of conical shells with variable thickness are presented. The advantages of this method consist in its simplicity, fast convergence and high precision.


Cutaneous botryomycosis is a chronic focal infection characterized by a granulomatous inflammatory response to bacterial pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus. Treatment requires antibiotic therapy and may also require surgical debridement. We employed topical heat therapy and oral minocycline. The lesions became flattened and pigmented after 1 month. We consider that this simple treatment can be an effective and harmless complementary therapy for cutaneous botryomycosis.


Papillary Adenoma of the ampulla of duodenum is a rare disease. There has been no consensus regarding carcinogenesis of the papilla and the biological malignancy. And the best operative procedure for this disease is debatable. Recent experience with a case of papillary adenoma of the ampulla of duodenum in a 69-year-old woman is presented here. For the patients total papillectomy was successfully performed on basis of preoperative pathohistological examination and a intraoperative frozen section diagnosis of the papillary adenoma. We consider that total papillectomy should be the first choice of therapy for this disease because that, if it can be completely resected withiout any residual lesion by total papillectomy, no recurrence occurs.


Introduction. Closing the wound cavity after the coccyx resection in patients with posttraumatic coccygodynia remains an issue unresolved. Closing the wound cavity with local tissues often leads to the wound dehiscence due to excessive tension which in turn leads to suppuration and prolonged healing.This paper aims to assess experimentally the effectiveness of using ground autograft bone of the coccyx removed for the closure of the surgical wound.Materials and methods. In the animal experiment the coccyx resection was performed under a combined anaesthesia in six pigs (three in the study group and three in control). In the control group the wound edges were sutured to its floor. In the study group after the coccyx resection the ground bone mass made of the coccyx resected was implanted into the wound cavity.Results and discussion. In the control group the wound dehiscence was registered in all the animals. After the animals were taken out of the experiment it was established that in the study group a new consolidated bony conglomerate was formed without any pronounced inflammatory changes around the wound. In control the wound cavity healed with secondary intention.Conclusions. The study confirms the effectiveness of using ground autograft bone for the closure of the wound cavity.


This article comprehensive reviewed the research advance of using the chromatography to analyse the phenols endocrine disruptors in recent years.Four kinds of samples' pretreatment methods were introduced,such as the solid phase extraction,the solid phase micro-extraction,the accelerated solvent extraction,microwave extraction,and the determination methods were introduced by making use of the gas chromatography,liquid chromatography.Thus the research prospect of phenols endocrine disruptors was carried on the prediction.


Objective To compare the operation modes of AP-960 full automated ELISA system.Methods Two models were tested: beginning with adding specimens(model 1) and beginning with adding enzymes(model 2).The following factors were compared: the consumption of suckers,usage of time,result of test and the usual alarm during the test.Results The consumptions of suckers were 564 and 84 respectively.The needing time of the former mode was 125 minutes and that of the latter mode was 90 minutes.Conclusion The mode beginning with adding enzymes(model 2) is better for the current status of our clinical laboratory.


Coalition formation is an important cooperative method in Multi-Robot System, which has been paid more and more attention. However, efficient algorithm for multi-robot coalition is lack of various real-world applications in dynamic unknown environment. In such cases, the optimization algorithm has to track the changing optimum as close as possible, rather than just finding a static appropriate solution. In this paper, The Quantum Evolutionary Algorithm is proposed for solving this problem, where a skillful Quantum probability representation of chromosome coding strategy is designed to adapt to the complexity of the multi-robot coalition formation problem. Furthermore, a strategy for updating quantum gate using the evolutionary equation is employed to avoid the premature convergence. Experiments results show that the proposed algorithm could solve the multi-robot coalition formation problem effectively and efficiently, and the proposed algorithm is valid and superior to other related methods as far as the stability and speed of convergence are concerned.


Winter road maintenance used to be a reactive process; that is, highway agencies cleaned up after the storm was over. The emphasis in winter road maintenance, however, is shifting toward prevention as new tools become available. Advanced technology and data from a 5-year program conducted by the Federal Highway Administration has the Nation more prepared to handle wintery roads. This article describes winter road maintenance strategies that can be categorized as chemical agents, field detection systems, and shared technologies. The 11 strategies include anti-icing, de-icing, prewetted salt, dry salt, ice melters, Roadway Weather Information System (RWIS), Computer Aided System for Planning Efficient Routes (CASPER), sensors, ice predicting systems, thermal mapping, and the International Scanning Program. One sidebar addresses winter bridge preparation and one sidebar describes loader versatility with job-matched attachments.


The central and western Sahara (CWS), a huge area encompassing parts of Algeria, Niger, Mali and Mauritania, is the dustiest place on Earth during the northern hemisphere summer. This dust is known to come from a large number of disperse sources across the region, which have been identified predominantly from satellite observations. We utilise an automated scheme that tracks individual dust plumes in data from the spaceborne Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI), available every 15 minutes at 0.03 spatial resolution, to quantify the contribution of dust plumes from known sources to the overall CWS dust hotspot in terms of 1) frequency of dust detection and 2) total plume Aerosol Optical Depth (also derived from SEVIRI data). Results show that dust sources in the south of the region, whose activation is strongly linked to the dynamics of the West African Monsoon and convective processes, make a significantly greater contribution to the dust hotspot than sources in central Algeria and northwest Mali that, while equally or even more frequently active, give rise to plumes that are much more spatially constricted and short lived.


With the advent of fuzzy logic applications in the field of economics and in the context of expert systems we are witnessing a new approach to data-gathering methods as the aggregation of data provided by various experts brings with it new data fusion techniques. In 1987, the exploration of these techniques gave rise to the experton concept as an integrating element that allows the collection of all information expressed by a group of experts relating to the level or degree of truth of a statement or the degree of fulfilment of a certain vague or imprecise characteristic. Over the thirty years since its formulation, the experton concept has been applied as a support element in decision-making processes in many areas of the social sciences. The aim of this article is to present a generalization of the experton concept for both the discrete and continuous cases, which respects known properties and has the potential to be practically applied in various situations where there is a need to perform a simulation of various opinion scenarios relating to a characteristic or statement, and thus explore new approaches to decision-making models.


In the early 1990s, public interest groups and small legal publishers attempted to push for the public access to federal court decisions contained in JURIS, a legal information retrieval system used for in-house searching by government employees. This early open access effort to free the law not only failed, but eventually led to the shutdown of the JURIS system. This paper presents the findings of a historical investigation into the shutdown of the JURIS system. It argues that the open access movement involves complicated social negotiations—many factors were involved in shaping access rights to primary legal information in digital format. The factors leading to the failure of the open access request included relevant government agencies' indifference about information dissemination, the involvement of commercial information providers' interests, and the ambiguity of the copyrightability of case law information. This study contributes to the broader OA/OK debates by presenting a failed case in the early stage of open access movement and by summarizing the lessons learned from this failed case.


This paper explores whether environmental regulation affects where pollution-intensive goods are produced. Here we examine chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22), a chemical designated as toxic in 1994 by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Toxics Release Inventory (TRI). Trends show a decline in the number of domestic producers of this chemical, a decline in the number of manufacturing facilities using it, and an increase in the number (and share) of facilities claiming to import it. Transaction-level trade data show an increase in the import of HCFC-22 imports since its TRI listing - an increase that is faster than that of all non-TRI listed chemicals. This is suggestive of a pollution haven effect. Meanwhile, we find that the vast majority of U.S. imports of HCFC-22 come from OECD countries. However, an increase in the share of imports from non-OECD countries since the chemical's listing suggests a shift of production to countries with more lax environmental standards. While the findings here are suggestive of regulatory effects, more rigorous analyses are needed to rule out other possible explanations.


One kind of wing built VTOL ducted rotorcraft, to VTOL aircraft, rotorcraft technical field, particularly to a technical field rotor VTOL aircraft wing built ducted; provided by the ducted wing lift; provided at the upper and lower wall near the inner wall of the ducted wing lift within the cartridge to cover the built-in bypass, the bypass opening and closing cover may be implemented ducted lift; guide grooves provided on the tail of the fuselage, which two two side supports and by controlling tilting the tilting mechanism is provided with a thrust ducted tail fuselage of the fuselage connected; tilting the ducted coaxial thrust may be ducted tilting walls and co-axial thrust bis rotor configuration; and the engine body is provided to transmit power, respectively, tilting and lifting ducted thrust ducted through a speed reducer; implemented in the aircraft overall conditions without much lower weight gain, increases the whole machine along the center of gravity fuselage axis direction can be adjusted to avoid making the rotor exposed, to improve the propulsion efficiency of the aircraft.


Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., is an important grain legume grown in tropical and subtropical regions, primarily Africa. The parasitic weed Striga gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke is one of the most important constraints to cowpea production. Host plant resistance is the only practical control method. Five virulence genotypes (races) of S. gesnerioides have been identified in different regions of Africa. Several host resistance genes have also been identified that are effective against specific races of S. gesnerioides. The rapid spread of this parasitic weed creates an urgent need for cowpea varieties with multiple resistance genes. A recently identified cowpea breeding line, IT93K-693-2, has resistance to all known races. The objective of this research was to develop DNA markers that are useful for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in breeding cowpea for resistance to S. gesnerioides. An F 2 population developed from the cross between IT93K-693-2 and the susceptible cultivar IAR1696 was characterized for resistance against race 3 of S. gesnerioides for genetic analysis and molecular mapping. IT93K-693-2 was found to have a single dominant gene for resistance. Four amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, designated E-ACT/M-CTC 115 , E-ACT/M-CAC 115 , E-ACA/M-CAG 108 and E-AAG/E-CTA 190 , were identified and mapped 3.2, 4.8, 13.5 and 23.0 cM, respectively, from Rsgl, a gene in IT93K-693-2 that gives resistance to race 3 (or Nigerian strain) of S. gesnerioides. The first two markers were validated in a second F 2 population developed from crossing the same resistant parent with 'Kamboinse local', a different susceptible cultivar. The AFLP fragment from marker combination E-ACT/M-CAC, which is linked in coupling with Rsgl was cloned, sequenced, and converted into a sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker named SEACTMCAC83/85, which is codominant and useful in breeding programs.


A system and method that generate a vibration motor driving signal includes a first control unit that receives a first input signal and gain-adjusts the first input signal in response to a reference voltage to generate a first output signal, and a second control unit that receives the first output signal and gain-adjusts the first output signal in response to the reference voltage to generate a second output signal, wherein the second output signal is applied to a vibration motor as the vibration control signal.


ABSTRACT The Republic of Ireland has witnessed a transformative reform agenda in teacher education, stemming from internal trends, increased emphasis on supranational ranking indicators, and recommendations from national and international reviews of existing teacher education. As part of this reform agenda, the Teaching Council of Ireland has espoused models of higher education institution (HEI)-school partnerships, crystallised in Céim: Standards for Initial Teacher Education (Teaching Council, 2020) and Guidelines on School Placement (Teaching Council, 2021). Using critical discourse analysis, we unpack how language is directed to two key partners within the policies, namely higher education institutions and schools. Findings unpack a range of agendas at play that are undermining the notion of partnership, including how language can displace the roles and responsibilities of key stakeholders. We conclude with a call for further critical policy research in teacher education, given the wider policy and political influences at play. This paper offers a theoretical-oriented framework that can support a critical reading of such policies.


Using dihedral angles enables us to easily account for sidechain dynamics avoid the artifacts introduced by structural alignment37. While protein dihedral angles have steep energy wells, we make the simplifying assumption that each dihedral angle has a harmonic potential energy function centered around one preferred orientation. This is only reasonable for short, picosecond-timescales, which is usually faster than the timescale for backbone dihedral flipping63. Moreover, let's assume that dihedral angle pairs only have linear coupling, which neglects nonlinear interactions and many-body interactions28,39,40. We can describe these linearly coupled dihedral angles as the Hessian matrix, H, where Hi j is the coupling constant between a pair of dihedrals, i, j. A positive coupling indicates rotation in the same direction. A negative coupling indicates rotation in opposite directions. The harmonic coupling assumption means that Hi j goes as energy radians2 . Radians are a unitless measure, so Hi j has units J = Nm, but we find it easier to use J/rad2. Some combination of angular displacements from equilibrium, θ , then produces the torque vector f =−Hθ . The potential energy difference from that at equilibrium is ∆U = R − f dθ = 2 θ T Hθ . We can also the use the Boltzmann relationship to describe the probability of a particular configuration in terms of angular displacements, θ , as p[θ ]∼ exp[−∆U/kbT ]. The exponent is −θ T Hθ/(2kbT ) and can be rearranged to − 2 θ T ( 1 kbT H)θ . This yields the probability distribution function in terms of H (equation 1).


Heavy metals are a serious environmental problem due to their toxicity and abundance. The capacity of a natural clay (sepiolite) for heavy metals adsorption, Pb2+ and Ni2+, has been assessed using a batch method. The effect of mass of adsorbent on the process and the competitive adsorption between the two metals has been investigated. The adsorption of Pb2+ and Ni2+ increases with increasing dosage of natural sepiolite. The maximum removal of Pb2+ and Ni2+ by sepiolite, starting from a solution with both metals, was 98% and 59%, respectively. The experiments demonstrated that Pb2+ was adsorbed by natural sepiolite more efficiently than Ni2+. The conclusion of this study is that natural sepiolite can efficiently adsorb cationic species, which may have an interesting environmental application such as the removal of those species from polluted waters.


The olivine-structured LiFePO4 have attracted a lot of interests for many advantages in lithium-ion batteries, but the low electronic conductivity and lithium ion diffusivity still limit the electrochemical performance. In order to overcome the challenge, the hydrothermal and high temperature heat treatment strategy for the synthesis of carbon-coated LiFePO4 microspheres as an example for lithium-ion batteries is reported. In this strategy, precursor composed of spherical particles and a viscous slurry was formed by hydrothermal reaction with subsequent stirring and evaporation process. After heat treatment of the precursor, LiFePO4 microspheres are formed. Carbon-coated LiFePO4 microspheres sample was prepared by using sucrose as carbon source, and the effects of structure, morphology and carbon source addition on electrochemical performance were fully studied. Results in electrochemical test demonstrate that the carbon-coated LiFePO4 showed much better performances than bare LiFePO4. The lithium-ion batteries assembled by LiFePO4/C2 (amount of carbon source added was 15 wt%) composites as cathode material possessed large discharge capacity (ca. 116.5 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C), good rate performance (82.8 mAh g−1at 2 C) and long cycling lifespan. The discharge specific capacity was maintained at 133.6 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles with almost no attenuation, and the coulomb efficiency was close to 100%. The improved electrochemical properties may be ascribed to suitable amount of carbon source added and secondary microsphere structure.


Utilization of marine biota as one of the raw materials in medicine becomes an interesting research material to be investigated where the magnitude of the potential bioactive compounds it contains. SP2 and SP4 soft coral samples taken in the Thousand Islands were extracted using ethanol, the extract was thickened and a thick extract was obtained which was then tested for its antibacterial activity. The antibacterial assay uses the diffusion method of wells and tested against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli. The extract concentrations used were 15%, 25%, 35% and 45%. The positive control used was amoxicillin while the negative control used was CMC-Na. The results showed that SP2 soft coral extract was effective in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus bacteria with an average inhibition zone of 10.8 mm and included in the category of strong inhibition. As for SP4, it is effective in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus and B. subtilis bacteria with inhibition zones of 13.4 mm and 11.17 mm respectively, and is categorized in strong inhibition. Both soft coral extracts are effective in inhibiting bacteria from the gram-positive group due to the relatively simple nature of gram-positive bacterial cell walls making it easier for antibacterial compounds to enter the cell.


Lipoma arborescens is a rare, benign polypoid fatty synovial proliferation of the joints which is associated with trauma and degenerative joint disease. We present one patient who had been suffering from swelling and painful motion of the right knee during exercise for half a year. Physical examinations revealed a palpable mass over the suprapatellar pouch of the right knee measuring about 15cm * 10 cm. Plain radiology showed soft tissue swelling of the suprapatellar pouch and magnetic resonance imaging of the right knee revealed a fatty frond-like synovial proliferation over the suprapatellar pouch. The patient received an arthrotomy and a synovectomy. Speciesmen was applied to the pathological study. Gross examination of the lesion revealed a yellowish villous proliferation. Histological examination revealed diffuse replacement of the subsynoviallayer by mature adipose tissue which formed villousnodular projections. After the operation, none of the patient's previous symptoms remained, although some stiffness associated with flexion contracture were found during the 5th-week of follow-up. The patient remained asymptomatic with a full range of motion and good quadricep strength three months after treatment.


Jim Dean, longtime editor of Wildlife in North Carolina , offers his personal observations on the pleasures and frustrations of hunting, fishing, camping, and other outdoor pursuits. Dogs That Point, Fish That Bite draws together fifty of the best columns that Dean has written for the magazine over the last seventeen years. The witty, sometimes poignant pieces are arranged into a loose chronicle of the sporting year, with a generous allowance for digression: the first is set in April, on the opening day of trout season, and the last tells of a New Year's Day spent alone in a mountain cabin. At first glance, hunting and fishing are the focus of most of the columns. Often, however, Dean is after bigger game. A crab that escapes the pot leads him to reflect on the capricious nature of life. The restoration of a cabin at the old family farm evokes memories of family and simpler times. And a May panfishing trip takes on the quality of ritual, performed by two old friends. The consistent theme uniting all the essays is the celebration of wild places and rural traditions that have become endangered in our modern world. |Fifty outdoor essays by Jim Dean, the longtime editor of Wildlife in North Carolina magazine and a noted outdoor writer and photographer. Here Dean shares his personal observations on the pleasures and frustrations of hunting, fishing, camping, and other outdoor pursuits.


~~~ ~~~ ~~~ All main courses are served with two types of potatos, Seasonal vegetables. Starter served with roll and Butter


The microstructure and the mechanical properties of the Sn-58Bi based composite solder joints reinforced by different content vanadium (V) particles were investigated. The results showed that the Sn-58Bi-0.4 V solder alloy with spreading area 52.51 mm2 exhibited an appropriate wettability. The microstructure of Sn-58Bi solder alloy consisted of rich Bi phase and rich Sn phase, and the spacing of Sn-rich phase was reduced from 2.13 μm to 0.98 μm by adding 0.4 wt% V particles. The intermetallic compounds (IMCs) layer of Cu/Sn-58Bi/Cu solder joint was presented as scallop shape, and the IMCs layers thickness of Cu/Sn-58Bi-xV/Cu (x = 0–1.0) solder joints was firstly increased to the maximum 0.95 μm and then decreased with increasing V content. The tensile strength and the shear strength of Cu/Sn-58Bi/Cu solder joint were 72.76 MPa and 38.44 MPa, then were reached the maximum 83.81 MPa and 42.81 MPa by Cu/Sn-58Bi-0.4 V/Cu solder joint, respectively. The tensile and the shear fracture morphologies of Cu/Sn-58Bi-xV/Cu (x = 0–1.0) solder joints with the brittle fracture mode were both presented as cleavage fracture, and a couple of dimples occur in the tensile and the shear fracture of Cu/Sn-58Bi-0.4 V/Cu solder joint.


Mathematical creativity is acknowledged as a backbone lifelong competence necessary to be fostered in all students. However, this is not an easy task to accomplish, due not only to a lack of appropriate technologies enabling the creative design of digital educational resources for creative mathematical thinking (CMT), but also to the absence of insightful methodologies to support creative design processes of this kind among professionals. The Mathematical Creativity Squared (MC2) project aims to address this twofold problem in the following ways: (a) by designing and developing a new genre of technological environment for the design of CMT resources, 'the c-book' environment, and (b) by adopting and further developing a methodology based on the generation of Communities of Interest (CoI) as a social milieu which will facilitate the creative design of CMT resources in collectives of educational designers stemming from diverse professional and educational domains. Especially with regards to the latter, the rationale is that CoIs will support synergies among designers with a math education background with others carrying a more socially-relevant educational orientation, such as environmental educators and educators for sustainable development, both on epistemological and pedagogical level, with the aim that their 'boundary crossing' interactions will positively effect social creativity in the design process for digital resources for CMT.


Whilst it is important to validate such a widespread and conventional measure of nutritional status such as body mass index (BMI) against potentially more robust measures, it is important to also contextualize the validity of the ostensive "better" measure – in this case body fat. Although DEXA is the established "gold-standard" for measuring body fat composition, in their paper, Fusch et al fail to highlight the variability in healthy body fat% requirement between individual children thus limiting it as a reliable marker of health in children for comparison [1]. The authors also chose below the 10th centile of body fat% as a pragmatic definition of underweight. They do not highlight that by definition this will include 10% of a normal population (constituting many millions of normal children world wide). The World Health Organization has suggested using -2 SDS and 3SDS as cut-offs for thinness and severe thinness, and similar thinness scores have been developed using international groups of children by Cole et al. [2], however the authors do not examine the relationship between%body fat and this more extreme group, and this would have been of interest.


This paper is focused on the analysis of Sergei Dovlatov's "The Zone". The author proceeds from the fact that the eclecticism of "The Zone", noticed by all researchers, cannot be explained as mere apprenticeship excess. Started in the 1960s, "The Zone" was actually finished and published in the 1980s. The author supposes that Sergei Dovlatov, when preparing his book for publication, made an original decision: to preserve the style-specific and ideologic-conceptual eclecticism caused by his apprenticeship immaturity. The reason for that was the following: that eclecticism proved to be adequate to his new artistic philosophy, which was fully postmodernist and based upon the idea of the absurd randomness of human nature.


The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship among leisure sports participation, social support, and life satisfaction on the elderly. The research subjects were those elderly people who live in Seoul and Gyeonggi region and participate in leisure sports. A total of 235 questionnaires were used for the final results for this study by using purposive sampling method. Data were analyzed by frequency analysis, overall model fit of PLS path modeling, validity, reliability, and correlation using SPSS 20.0 and Smart PLS 2.0. The results were as follows; First, leisure sports participation had positive influence on social support(emotional support, material support). Second, leisure sports participation had positive influence on life satisfaction. Third, social support(emotional support, material support) had positive influence on life satisfaction.


Depletion of natural resources and increasing demand of power, sustainable energy sources such as photovoltaics (PV) are becoming increasingly more reliable and important. However, the production PV output power is unable to meet in terms of supply and demand due to irregular of solar irradiance and temperature daily. Therefore, a proper method/tool of prediction is very crucial to manage photovoltaic performance system and optimize the corresponding energy management system. In this paper, the modified Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) architecture is investigated. The investigating was conducted to provide more accurate prediction and error for short-term period prediction. The networkcompromises of 2 inputs parameter; the module temperature and solar irradiance and 1 output parameter; AC Power. Early research was conducted based on forecast time period on May 2021 starting from 7am to 8pm (14 hour) daily from 3 different panels; monocrystalline, polycrystalline and thin film, which are located on the rooftop of PEARL lab building. The result obtained shows that polycrystalline panel performed the best compare to monocrystalline and thin film panels.


Agricultural sector of polish national economy is an example of entrepreneurship - especially individual one, dealing with underdevelopment of technological, intellectual and institutional infrastructure what is a serious threat to the usage of potential of the financial resources available due to polish membership in the European Union. The possibility of gaining financial support and entering the European market caused dynamic increase in the number of entities engaged in agricultural activities with ecological characteristics - in Poland and whole EU- and mainly this sector of production is treated with priority in currently realized Common Agricultural Policy in European Union countries. At the same time it should be remarked that managing agricultural companies is aimed at achieving their specific goals of a financial nature - as in other sectors of the national economy. The main aim of this thesis is to show the impact of financial support coming from European Union budget on the pace of development of the organic sector in Poland compared to other European Union countries. To fulfill the aim of the thesis the available financial mechanisms (the level of support, the main criteria for accesses) were characterized as well as legal aspects regulating them on the national level and in selected EU countries. General issues included provide also the characteristics of the problem of European market of ecological products. The study contains an assessment of the current use of the financial resources of the EU (after accession to the EU, i.e. 2004) addressed to organic farming. The thesis has been prepared based on the analysis of subject literature, applicable laws, as well as the documents / reports prepared by the major stakeholders in the country and EU responsible for gaining and gathering information on country level as well as chosen EU countries. In the thesis a comparative analysis has been carried out as well as tabular – numerical analysis with regard to the volatility during the analyzed events. The observed absorption of EU financial resources in the agricultural sector in all European countries – especially in recent years in Poland- shows how big are the needs for financial support of agricultural production for sustaining for example the stability of market prices of food products. In the era of increasing consumer awareness on the rational nutrition we observe revival of market of organic products. However the increase in market absorptive capacity is the only factor determining the development of ecological agriculture? Or are there any other financial support mechanisms? High subsidy rates (an average of approx. 950 PLN/ha and growing every year, with an average area of ecological farms above 20 ha) caused a significant increase in the number of ecological farms (within 10 years of joining the EU over 1400%). It is reasonable to assume that as long as there will be economic incentives, business farmers will be interested in the transition to an ecological way of farming, an example of which are other EU countries.


This investigation has been carried out to obtain fundamental informations of the dynamic and transport properties related to the design of a gas-liquid two-phase bubble column. According to the experimental results overall volumetric absorption coefficient, , increased with decreasing submergence-diameter ratio in the stagnant liquid layer. Absorption efficiency was improved as geometrical parameters such as the number of holes on the perforated distributor was increased and/or the hole diameter was decreased. In the present investigation, the liquid phase resistance to mass transfer was proved dominant and it was suggested that a gas chamber be adequately installed below the perforated distributor to minimize the axial forced circulation of liquid. These experimental results may be utilized for the distributor and column design and may also provide a basis for a further investigation of dynamic phenomena of mass and heat transfer in scale up with or without chemical reaction involved.


The three-dimensional (3-D) structure of an inorganic crystal, CaMoO4, was solved by electron crystallography utilizing the HVEM installed at the Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI) in 2003. It has capability of high tilting (±60) and atomic resolution (0.12 nm). HRTEM images from 4 different major zone axes and selected-area electron diffraction patterns from 18 different zone axes were obtained. The 3-D electron diffraction data resulted in the basic crystallographic information of CaMoO4, space group I41/a, a = 5.29A and c = 11.54A. A crystallographic image processing (CIP) of HRTEM images was used to determine the atomic coordination of CaMoO4. The initial values of average phase errors (φres) for [001], [100], [110] and [111] HRTEM images were 14.1, 3.3, 7.7 and 22.1, respectively. Further refinement of the structures was carried out using additional HRTEM images and electron diffraction patterns in different microscopic conditions. Effects of image quality, diffraction quality, specimen tilting, irradiation damage and energy filtering on the structure refinement have been evaluated.


We propose new support rod material in helix TWTs to improve the heat dissipation performance of the tubes, which is the cubic Boron Nitride (CBN) crystal with the second highest thermal conductivity and relatively low dielectric constant. The high frequency characteristics and the beam-wave interaction of helix slow wave structure with CBN and BeO support rods are simulated and analyzed, respectively. The results show that the difference between saturated output powers is less than 10%, and backward wave oscillation power hole still exists. Temperature distribution on a TWT with CBN support rod is also obtained with lower temperature than one with BeO rods. CBN can be made as support rods of TWT with high heat dissipation capability.


On 7 September, a forum participant posted a message on a jihadist website from Mustafa Abual-Yazid, leader of the Al-Qa'ida Organization in Afghanistan, entitled "Clarification from Shaykh Mustafa Abu-al-Yazid, may God preserve him." He denies that "we and the mujahidin of HAMAS are of the same ideology and mindset," and attributes that statement made in an AlJazirah interview to a "slip of the tongue during an impromptu meeting." HAMAS, according to him, "has committed great religious violations" by "committing to and respecting international and Arab resolutions," and has even fought "the Al-Qa'ida mentality in Gaza."


India is the fourth largest producer of rubber in the world. 92 per cent of the rubber production in India is from Kerala. The state is the rubber capital of the country and accounts for 83 percent of the total cultivation. A total of 74 percent of area in Kerala is under rubber cultivation .Here ten lakhs farmers directly and sixty lakhs people indirectly are involved in the production of natural rubber .The annual report of the Association of planters of Kerala brings out the fact that the production of rubber in Kerala in the F.Y 2018-2019 has come down to 69.66 percent from around 92 percent a decade ago. Climatic changes play a major role in the reduction of total production over the last five years .Rubber price has been declining steadily during the past a few years. Low price have been driving farmers to stop tapping or abandon rubber cultivation.


A connector (14) for an implantable system, the system being for use in treating at least one of bone deformities and bone injuries, the connector comprising: a base (18) including a channel (22) extending along said base to receive a fixation rod (12); a hook (20) extending from the base (18); a guide (28) opening adapted to receive a bone fastener (16), the guide (28) opening extending through a base part (18) or a hook part (20); and an orifice (30) adapted to lockingly engage the bone fastener, wherein the hole (30) in the other of the base (18) or the hook (20), the bore (30) coaxial with the guide aperture ( 28) so that the opening guide (28) guides a shaft of the bone fastener (16) to align with the bore (30) when the bone fastener (16) is received by the guide aperture (28).


Today I will attempt to generate some thoughts on handling viscous liquids with pumps. Hopefully these comments will be the start of much deeper investigations into solutions to some of the pumping problems we are now faced with.Paper published with permission.Compilation Copyright © 2018 ASME


By designing the logistics network model based on the characteristics for auto parts business,this paper used market environment,transport and service delivery capacity as the three major factors to build a site selection evaluation system.Considering the uncertainty of the evaluation,the paper built the confirmed matrix to improve AHP method.The case of Fengshen was used to confirm the effectiveness of planning and the improvement of the methods.


Abstract A simple, highly sensitive and selective fluorescence synergistic method has been developed for rapid determination of stilboestrol with Triton × — 100 (λex = 318nm, λem = 415nm) at pH 8.80 ∼ 10.20. The calibration graph is linear over the range of 0.0 ∼ 30.0μg/10ml. The detection limit is 0.03μg/ml stilboestrol. The method has been successfully applied for the determination of stilboestrol in tabellae stilboestrol and injectio stilboestrol with satisfactory results. It can also be applied for the determination of stilboestrol in body fluid of special patients.


The Translatio Georgii, Aurelii et Nathaliae, in which Aimoin recounts the journey of Usuard of St‐Germain to Cordoba in search of relics, and the use which Usuard made of Spanish material in his Martyrology, reveal many inconsistencies. These are explained, by comparing these texts with Aimoins's Translatio Beati Vincentii and other evidence for St‐Germain, as the result of attempts to bolster the monastery's standing with Charles the Bald at a time of political difficulty.


AUTHOR Fitzgerald, Mary Ann TITLE Critical Thinking: Tools for Internet Information Evaluation. PUB DATE 1997-00-00 NOTE 18p.; In: Information Rich but Knowledge Poor? Emerging Issues for Schools and Libraries Worldwide. Research and Professional Papers Presented at the Annual Conference of the International Association of School Librarianship Held in Conjunction with the Association for Teacher-Librarianship in Canada (26th, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, July 6-11, 1997); see IR 056 586. PUB TYPE Reports Evaluative (142) -Speeches/Meeting Papers (150) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Content Analysis; *Critical Thinking; Elementary Secondary Education; Evaluation Methods; *Evaluative Thinking; *Information Literacy; Information Sources; Online Systems; Protocol Analysis; *Search Strategies; Thinking Skills; Users (Information); Validity; *World Wide Web IDENTIFIERS Technology Integration


This Special Issue of ACM TALIP features recent advances in information processing and access for Japanese. While TALIP has already been recognized as a representative journal covering Asian language information processing, the number of submissions related to Japanese language processing has been limited compared with language processing of other Asian languages. One of the reasons could be that there are already several publication sources for work on Japanese language processing in Japan. Since Japanese is one of major Asian languages and shares various characteristics with other languages, it is important to promote more publications on Japanese language processing from researchers in Japan through more internationally accessible channels. From the journals acting as vehicles of Japanese language processing, we chose three journals: IPSJ (Information Processing Society of Japan) Journal, IPSJ Transactions on Databases (TOD), and the Journal of Natural Language Processing (published by the Association for Natural Language Processing), and initially selected 46 papers, published in 2004, that we thought were appropriate for this Special Issue. (We excluded papers that did not deal with Japanese language in any way and those that were related to NTCIR, since TALIP recently had a Special Issue on NTCIR-4.) We sent a Call for Papers to the first authors of these papers, encouraging them to substantially extend their work and to make it globally accessible. Fifteen papers were submitted in response to our invitation. Each paper was reviewed by three international experts in the fields of natural language processing or information retrieval, as is the case with all other ACM TALIP publications. In the initial review, seven papers were rejected and all others were returned to the authors with detailed comments from the reviewers. Since the schedule was very tight and we could not give the authors enough time for revision, one paper was withdrawn before the revised paper deadline. After the second screening of the papers, two papers were rejected. Finally, the following five papers were accepted and are included in this issue:


Based on underwater explosion theory and combined with dynamic compaction technology,a calculation formula of the blasting ramming thickness had been proposed.Through the application of delay blasting technology used in stone foundation bed blasting ramming engineering of 1801-7 wharf,ramming parameters and main construction process had been introduced.The incorrectness in standard formulas and several phenomena in blasting ramming engineering had been analyzed and discussed for grasping the application of blasting ramming technology better.It could provide a reference for similar projects.