Hilde Bruch, the German-born American pediatrician, psychiatrist, and psychoanalyst, was born in 1904, the third of seven children. Originally planning to be a mathematician, she was convinced by her uncle, who sponsored her education after her father's death, that medicine was a more practical career choice for a Jewish woman at the time. Receiving her medical degree from the University of Freiberg in 1929, Bruch completed research and training in pediatrics. Ultimately, the rise of antisemitism led Bruch to leave Germany for England in 1933 and then shortly thereafter for the United States. After obtaining her pediatric license in 1935, she sought further study in psychiatry at Johns Hopkins and underwent psychoanalytic training with Henry Stack Sullivan and Frieda FrommReichmann. Hilde Bruch helped rescue her mother and many of her siblings from Nazi Germany, but many of her relatives died there. In 1946, Dr. Bruch adopted her then 13-year -old orphaned nephew. Teaching at Columbia University and later Baylor College of Medicine, Bruch published in the areas of schizophrenia, psychotherapy training, and obesity. She was widely known for her work on eating disorders and obesity. Growing up, Bruch was known as das Dicka – the fat one. In her work with obese children, Bruch "demonstrated that some children . . . were obese because their mothers had overfed and overprotected them." (Silverthorne & Fulgham, 1997) Her assertion that childhood obesity can have psychological underpinnings ran counter to the medical model of the time. Known as an independent thinker and proliferative writer, Hilde Bruch received many awards for her clinical and written contributions to American psychiatry. Originally printed in Psychiatry, in 1947, Bruch's "The Role of Parent in Psychotherapy with Children" offers a remarkably enduring perspective on the challenges and rewards of working with parents and children in therapy. Bruch's writing traces the history of this challenge in child therapy as well as various models of management. She explores many components of the therapeutic or working alliance – the evolution of roles, expectations and attitudes of the parent and clinician – along their shared journey in the treatment of the child. In general, for a patient to trust and work closely with a clinician, it is essential that there be a reality-based relationship outside the conflicted ones for which the patient is seeking help (Friedman, 1969; Rawn, 1991) This working alliance includes both cognitive and affective components. "The working alliance is positively associated with patient adherence, satisfaction, and improved patient


A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2016-17 at Agronomy Research Station of Doon (P.G) College of Agriculture and Allied Sciences, Selaqui, Dehradun. The experimental soil was sandy loam in texture, slightly acidic in nature having medium in available phosphorus (21.7 kg/ha) and potassium (167.4 kg/ha) and low in OC (0.4%). Ten weed management practices, viz. clodinafop 60 g/ha, sulfosulfuron 25 g/ha, metribuzin 175 g/ha, carfentrazone 50 g/ha, clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 105 g/ha, clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 122.5 g/ha, sulfosulfuron + metribuzin 25+105 g/ha, sulfosulfuron + metribuzin 25+122.5 g/ha, sulfosulfuron + carfentrazone 25+ 40 g/ha, weed free and weedy were laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The results revealed that sulfosulfuron + metribuzin at 25 and 105g/ha application as post-emergence recorded significantly less weed biomass and higher weed control efficiency followed by sulfosulfuron + carfentrazone at 25 and 40 g/ha, clodinafop 60 g/ha along with metribuzin 105 or 122.5 g/ha and compared to the rest of the herbicidal treatments. The higher wheat yield of 5.51 t/ha recorded with the application of sulfosulfuron + metribuzin 25 + 105 g/ha which was at par with sulfosulfuron + carfentrazone 25 + 40 g/ha (5.46 t/ha), clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 105 g/ha (5.23 t/ha), clodinafop + metribuzin at 60 and 122.5 g/ha (5.17 t/ha) and weed free check (5.61 t/ha), and significantly superior to rest of the treatments. The straw yield, effective tillers and 1000 grain weight followed the trend as wheat grain yield.


The synergy distribution is far more important between both parts of M A,and affects the quality of M A.This article starts with the market trading prices and the type of markets to analyze the factors that relation to synergy distribution.The article also creates and studies the synergy distribution according to the resource and capacity contribution to synergy.Finally,it puts forward several suggestions to estimate the total synergies effectively.


The sulfido ferrate oxide Cs11[Fe5S8]2[O] was synthesized at a maximum temperature of 1170 K from samples containing Fe, Cs2S2 and CsO2 as well as by substituting CsO2 as oxygen source with Fe2O3. In the crystal structure (tetragonal, tI84, SG I4/mmm, a = 1199.34(2), c = 1411.65(2) pm, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0188) two crystallographically different iron ions, which are present in a 1:4 atomic ratio, are tetrahedrally coordinated by S ligands [d(Fe–S) = 228.8–238.3 pm]. The [FeS4] tetrahedra are connected by common edges to form "holey" layers closely related to the dense tetrahedra layers of compounds like "AIFe2S2" (AxFe2–yS2, ThCr2Si2-type). In both compounds the layers are arranged in the unit cell at heights z of 1/4 and 3/4. Inbetween the alkali counter cations are interspersed. In Cs11[Fe5S8]2[O], one cation site is replaced by oxygen, which is octahedrally coordinated by Cs cations only [d(O–Cs) = 285–303 pm]. The tips of these isolated [OCs6] octahedra point into the holes of two adjacent sulfido ferrate layers. The structure relation between the aristotype "A[Fe2S2]", the mixed-valent title compound and "K5[Fe8S10]", which serves as a model for the FeII ferrates AxFe2–yS2, are discussed applying the crystallographic group-subgroup formalism. The latter model compound is used in a comparison of the calculated band structures and the discussion of the chemical bonding in a layered FeII sulfido ferrate and the related intermediate valent FeII/III title compound.


The objective of this paper is two-fold: to propose a theoretical framework and model for studying organizational innovation in research libraries and to set forth propositions that can provide directions for future empirical studies of innovation in research libraries. Research libraries can be considered members of a class of organizations referred to here as institutional nonprofits. As such, these organizations inherit many of the innovative properties that are associated with the broader sector of service organizations. However, institutional nonprofits have unique characteristics that distinguish them from other service organizations such as government agencies and for-profit service firms. In this paper, institutional theory is used to explain the forces that are acting on the research library. Research from organizational learning, structural contingency theory, and typologies of service organizations are used to establish a more encompassing innovation framework. Based on the literature review, the theoretical framework, and empirical studies, this paper presents a process model and propositions that characterize how the research library might innovate. These propositions can be tested in empirical studies to develop a fuller understanding of innovation in research libraries.


A steady-state analysis is given of an important double-tuned coupled circuit to determine the input admittance when the primary Q is high and the secondary Q is low. Particular emphasis is placed on the phase variation of the admittance with frequency. Dimensionless curves of magnitude and phase illustrate the effect of varying the coefficient of coupling and the secondary Q. Mathematical expressions are obtained for the points where the phase passes through zero, and are used in a discussion of bandwidth. The effect of detuning is also considered.


The Middle and Late Eocene marine to nonmarine clastic section of the Gulf Coast Basin in Texas and Louisiana shows two styles of stratigraphic ordering. In the Yegua genetic cycle (Bartonian; Yegua/Cockfield to Cook Mountain Formations), up to ten genetic stratigraphic units can be identified, bounded by inferred maximum flooding surfaces (MFS). The MFSs bounding the cycle (Moodys Branch at the top, Wheelock Member at the base) are reliably dated at 36 .4 (or slightly older) and 40.2 Ma, respectively (late P15 and P18). Thus the eight to ten genetic units display an apparently regular fourth-order cyclicity (on the order of 400,000 years). At least five of these units show good evidence for development of detached lowstand systems tracts near the shelf edge. Some units show incised valley complexes, foundered shelf edges, and associated slope fans. By contrast, the underlying Sparta and Queen City cycles (Lutetian) and the overlying Jackson cycle (Priabonian) represent longer intervals of time with only limited cyclicity. In each unit, only one or two surfaces possibly representing a classic sequence boundary has been identified to date. Although, because of their sparse distribution in time, these sequence boundaries would be recognized as second- or third-order cycles, their associated deposits are similar to the fourth-order Yegua cycles. In part, expression of higher-order cycles is a response to increased sandy sedimentation. However, the differences between the Yegua and its sister units seem to be greater than can be explained by sediment supply. Could the Yegua section be subject to fourth-order (possibly glacial) eustatic fluctuations which were not regularly experienced by older and younger units? Comparison of the Gulf Coast Basin section with other basins with full Eocene sections is necessary to answer this question. (Contribution to IGCP Project 393, Neritic Events at the Middle-Upper Eocene Boundary)


The expression of α and β γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunits produces GABA-gated channels which require the incorporation of either the γ2 or γ3 subunit for benzodiazepine modulation. Here we examine the role of the γ2 subunit splice variants, γ2S and γ2L which differ by eight amino acids in the major intracellular domain, in mediating cell surface expression. Using immunocytochemistry we have demonstrated that when expressed alone, the γ2S subunit can access the cell surface and internalize constitutively. In contrast, α1, β2 and γ2L are retained predominantly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) when expressed alone. Replacing the insert which differentiates γ2L from γ2S (LLRMFSFK) with eight alanines produces a phenotype identical to γ2S. Both γ2 subunits fail to produce high molecular weight oligomers observed for α1β2 and α1β2γ2 heterooligomers and do not form functional ion channels. Surface expression of γ2S is repressed upon the coexpression of α1 or β2 subunits, resulting in ER-retained heterooligomers, suggesting that homomeric γ2S is unlikely to occurin vivo. However, its independent maturation to surface competence and preferential assembly with α and β subunits may ensure the production of functional benzodiazepine-sensitive receptors. Furthermore, the presence of the γ2 subunit appears to confer an endocytotic capacity to these heterooligomeric receptors.


We investigated Chinese consumers' perceptions of price fairness by introducing the type of firm ownership (state-owned monopoly, and non-state-owned corporation) as an independent variable, to investigate whether or not people's feelings of price fairness differ between state- and non-state-owned firms. Results showed that our participants tended to accept price rise because of cost increase, but not price rise because of an increase in demand. Participants also regarded as unfair the price remaining high when cost decreased. Auction in the situation of shortage of goods, was also regarded as unfair. State-owned monopolies raising their prices was viewed by participants as being more unfair than a price rise by a non-state-owned corporation.


Harvest index(HI) and residue factor(RF) are of essentially significance for crop production research and crop residue quantity assessment.HI and RF of non-cereal crops in their main production provinces of China are reviewed according to field data collected from original papers published mainly during 2006-2010.HI of soybean varied between 0.35 and 0.47 whereas RF between 1.13 and1.86 across six provinces,and the average was 0.42 and 1.50,respectively.Tubers including potato,sweet potato,and cassava had HI between 0.55 and 0.77 whereas their between 0.30 and 1.17 across eleven provinces.The average HI and RF was 0.59 and 0.71 for potato,0.69 and 0.45 for sweet potato,and 0.64 and 0.50 for cassava,respectively.The average HI and RF for cotton were 0.15 and 2.91,with a range of 0.12-0.18 and 2.41-4.09 respectively.Peanut had HI between 0.41-0.54 and RF between 0.85-1.43 across six provinces,and the average was 0.50 and 1.14,respectively.Canola had HI 0.24-0.28 and RF 2.57-3.17 across six provinces,and the average HI and RF were and 2.87,respectively.Sunflower had HI between 0.21 and 0.40 whereas RF between 1.50 and 3.76 across four provinces in Northwest and North China,and their average HI and RF were 0.32 and 2.63 respectively.In Henan and Hubei provinces,the average HI and RF were 0.34 and 2.01 for sesame.Sugarbeet had a higher average HI 0.71 with a range of 0.60-0.85,its RF varied between 0.18-0.67,with an average of 0.43.HI and RF of sugarcane was 0.70 and 0.43 for Fujian province only.Tobacco had HI between 0.52-0.67 and RF between 0.49-0.92 across seven provinces,the average HI and RF was 0.61 and 0.71,respectively.In near future,there will be a potential trend to decrease the HI to approach higher crop residue yields,along with substantial improvement of the economic product yield due to increase in biomass yield.


Although it is widely assumed that procrastination is counterproductive, delaying task progress may have hidden benefits for creativity. Drawing on theories of incubation, we propose that moderate ...


Pore formation in n-type III–V semiconductors will be discussed and compared to pore formation in silicon. While by now many different kinds of pores were produced in silicon, the "pore zoology" in III–Vs was rather limited until recently. This paper will briefly review the specific pore morphologies in some compound semiconductors, nucleation and formation mechanisms, the relation to comparable Si pores (including some new observation in Si), and the particularly striking features that pores in IIIsemiconductors exhibit many features of self organization and on occasion peculiar luminescence properties.


Various processes leading to crowding are identified, and the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of three types of crowding are discussed. The morphogenesis of teeth, the development of the dentition, and the growth of the craniofacial complex are discussed in relation to the origin of crowding. The diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of three different types of crowding are discussed.


We report that broadcast messages in Mobile WiMAX networks should be synchronized throughout all the base stations to gain the benefit of beamforming technique. A simple synchronization implementation of broadcast messages in Mobile WiMAX networks is presented. Using this technique, the interference between broadcast messages and beamformed messages can be reduced.


In this anthology, Sheridan Johns and Hunt Davis, two widely respected scholars of South Africa, address the many questions raised by the country's anti-apartheid struggle by focusing on the writings and speeches of Mandela, Tambo, and the ANC. The work consists of over 45 historic documents, which outline ANC goals and priorities, accompanied by lengthy introductions by the editors. These introductions provide a history of the ANC, examine the organization's prominent role in the evolution of a South African nationalist movement, and consider the organization's role in the future of this troubled land.


In this article, we have explored the constitutional principles of judicial security on the example of Ukraine. We found that researchers have not paid enough attention to the security system of the judiciary in Ukraine in the framework of sustainable development. We used the doctrinal legal research methodology to answer four research questions. First, we explored the content of the security concept in Ukrainian law. Secondly, we have established the extent to which the Constitution of Ukraine covers the security of the judiciary. Third, we described the distinction between internal and external threats to the security of the judiciary. Fourth, we have summarized the specific threats to the security of the judiciary mentioned in the Constitution of Ukraine. For each of the issues, we have provided recommendations to achieve sustainable development of Ukraine in the course of legal reform. As part of the discussion, we voiced recommendations for the participation of judicial self-government and the Higher Council of Justice in ensuring the security of the judiciary. Our results complement the knowledge of the legal nature and constitutional principles of the judiciary. The presented recommendations can be used in formulating proposals for sustainable development strategies and directions of judicial reform


This article seeks to identify and analyze the enterprise risks associated with the value environment of Cargill's cocoa business. It is a qualitative study using the case study method. To obtain a systemic perspective of the phenomenon, the data was collected by interviewing executives from different areas of the company, submitting their narrative to content analysis. Thus, from the perspective of enterprise risk management, it was identified that the main internal risks arise from cocoa processing, due to the high degree of complexity of the operations, and high added value of the products involved in the system. As for the external risks, the emphasis is on the relations with suppliers, as a result of the dependence of middlemen on the process of buying the raw material. It was also observed that political, legal and social aspects appear as points of attention and important sources of risk in this value system. These results contribute, therefore, to the advancement of the enterprise risk literature in business environments associated with the agribusiness context, while presenting the applicability of scientific models for the identification and classification of these risks. Future studies of a longitudinal nature and contemplating the risks of the chocolate value chain in its completeness are recommended.


The requirements, principles and steps of building reliability index system of the nuclear power system are proposed in this paper. First, due to the particularity of the nuclear power system, its reliability index system must meet the requirements of any different person, different levels, different factors and general engineering. Then, the principles of integrity, coordination, necessity, consistency, operability, industry characteristics and standardability should be met when establishing the reliability index system of the nuclear power system. Finally, the construction of the reliability index system of nuclear power system should follow the correct steps. The Control Rod Drive Mechanism (CRDM) is taken as an example to construct the reliability index system in this paper, which lays a foundation for the allocation and prediction of reliability indicators.


Designing a general toolkit for interactive software implies to make a choice between the speed of the renderer and the power of expression of the user. We propose an instrumented method to concieve interactive software based on the use of graphical editors, conceptual languages and a toolkit, Hayaku, that encapsulates a graphical compiler. Hayaku allows to maximize the graphical performances of the application, thus authorizing to have a better graphical renderer, and authorizing the user to use all of his editor tools. The truth of the graphics, the control easyness, the power of expression and the efficiency of the use of the designer's tools allows the conceptor to efficiently explore new dynamic graphical representations that are easy to control.


et al. Characteristics, outcome , and care of stroke associated with atrial fibrillation in Europe: data from a multicenter multinational hospital-based registry (The European Community Stroke Project). vasoreactivity and risk of stroke in patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. et al. Off-pump coronary surgery: effect on early mortality and stroke. atheromas: risk of stroke during heart surgery with and without aortic arch endarterectomy. A systematic comparison of the risks of stroke and death due to carotid endarterec-tomy for symptomatic and asymptomatic stenosis. Overview of the principal results and secondary analyses from the European and North American randomised trials of endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis. A systematic review of the associations between age and sex and the operative risks of carotid endarterectomy. predictors of stroke and death from carotid endarterectomy: systematic review. 15. Rothwell PM. Carotid stenting: more risky than endarterec-tomy and often no better than medical treatment alone. Dobson J, et al. Carotid artery stenting compared with endar-terectomy in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis (International Carotid Stenting Study): an interim analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Apoe ε4 may be associated with cognitive dysfunction after carotid endarterectomy. Anesthesiology 2003;99:A364. 18. Lanska D, Kryscio R. Risk factors for peripartum and post-partum stroke and intracranial venous thrombosis. vessel occlusion for aneurysm surgery: risk factors for stroke in patients protected by induced hypothermia and hyperten-sion and intravenous mannitol administration. acute ischemic stroke in noncardiac and nonvascular surgery: incidence, risk factors, and outcomes. Effects of extended-release metoprolol succinate in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery (POISE trial): a randomised controlled trial. van Domburg RT, et al. Effect of chronic beta-blocker use on stroke after noncardiac surgery. 24. Landercasper J, Merz B, Cogbill T, et al. Perioperative stroke risk in 173 consecutive patients with a past history of stroke.


The dynamic direct current braking systems of induction motors with power electronic braking units connected directly between an alternating current mains and the stator winding of the motor are presented. The general equations that describe the operation of induction motor with including the saturation of main flux path are considered. A mathematical model suitable for digital simulation by application of general circuit-oriented software packages is developed. The transient behaviour of the electromechanical drive system is studied and the simulation results of braking transients for chosen schemes of braking systems are presented.


The information and resources have become an element important and essential in the development of public bodies, which means that mechanisms create for their management in order to support management activities, in such sense is on board this documentary research whose purpose was to analyze the importance of management of effective information as a tool for citizen therefore participation was review of bibliographic sources of authors as Ponjuan, (2011), Choo) 2002) and Paez, (1992) among others with its representative's information and the importance management model be applied to the provision of accurate and timely information where citizens can participate actively in the Affairs of the State. Making effective management of information and by providing reliable and timely truthful information citizens these may participate actively in governance veland concluded making effective management of information and by providing reliable and timely truthful information citizens these may participate actively in governance ensuring that plans and projects for the benefit of a community are applied with total transparency, since the right to public information is enshrined as a right that is fundamental, so that citizens can be informed as the guarantor of the management.


The traffic flow problem at Jalan Veteran, Serang, Banten province, caused by an increase of population. These problem resulted in increasing in the number of the private vehicles manufacturers demand. Traffic flow that are more dense causing many negative impact felt by society including the traffic jam, air pollution, increasing number of accidents and increased travel time. Therefore we need a way to overcome the traffic flow problems. One way is by improving traffic flow system by indentifying of daily oncoming vehicles information. Manual traffic flow measurement involves many time and cost. The process of traffic flow data and data measurement also required a lot of teams. Therefore, solution is needed to solve these problem. Videography technique are expected to help provide information by recording the traffic flow state. This technique has adventages, including cost considerations, more efficient, data processing become easier and can providing continous data. This study aims to determine the number of vehicles passing Jalan Veteran, Serang, Banten province in a week using videography technique and modeling the Jalan Veteran, Serang, Banten province traffic flow with image sequence.
For recording purposes, the model required the recording of traffic flow in Jalan Veteran, Serang, Banten province for one week as research material. After prepared the technical plans, including tools and materials research, data acquisition, recording traffic flow, field sketch and placement of ground control points. The results of this work is the data acquisition can be obtained by determining the schedule for one week of data collection, recording of the traffic generating traffic video by installing a video recording device at cross bridge. And the videos are converted using Free FLV Converter V.7.5.0 software from (*.mov) to (*.avi). which is then used to calculate the flow of traffic and generate traffic count. The next stage is cutting the video into the video frames that will be made for model the traffic flow with image sequences. Besides the traffic flow data, image sequences provide the highest and lowest visual information state of traffic flow in Jalan Veteran, Serang, Banten Province.
From these results we can conclude the value of the highest traffic flow in Jalan Veteran, Serang - Banten there on Tuesday morning at 07:00 to 07:30 with the number of vehicles by 2,933 vehicles / hour. For the lowest number of traffic flows on Friday morning at 12:00 to 12:30 with the number of vehicle for 817 vehicles / hour.


Dendritic cells have been demonstrated in human and animal epithelium and subepithelial tissue. The present study used zinc iodide-osmium, which revealed dendritic cells in the epithelium and subepithelial tissue of tongue and oesophagus specimens of the laboratory guinea pig, rat, and otype.rabbit. In guinea pig and rat tongue, basal and suprabasal dendritic cells were located in the epithelium of the dorsal surface. In rabbit tongue, suprabasal cells, without dendritic processes, were found in the epithelium of the dorsal surface. In the subepithelial tissue, dendritic cells were present; a few dendritic cells were found in the subepithelial tissue of the ventral surface. Dendritic cells were not found within the cornified layer of the epithelium. In guinea pig and rat oesophagus, basal columnar cells, without dendritic processes, were present in the epithelium. In rabbit oesophagus, basal cells, without dendritic processes, were seen in the epithelium; the subepithelial tissue showed dendritic cells. The cells, without evident processes, are probably not yet of typical, mature phen


Summary A new vertical velocity model, representing the effect of gradually increasing velocities with depth in compacted sediment layers, is proposed. It is an asymptotically bounded exponential model defined by three intuitive parameters per each layer (interval). The parameters are the velocity and its vertical gradient at the top interface, and the bounded velocity value. The proposed model provides a basis for describing the subsurface by a smaller number of thick layers than the classical linear velocity models. The velocity is assumed to be a continuous function. However, discontinuities are allowed at some layer interfaces, such as the sea bottom, or in transition zones mainly due to high pore pressure. We first define the instantaneous velocity function and the corresponding effective models within a single layer (interval). The effective models are the average, RMS and fourth-order average velocities. We then derive the inversion procedure to obtain constrained and stable velocity models from the different types of effective models.


We investigate theoretically the above-threshold ionization (ATI) of the polar NaK molecule exposed in few-cycle laser field by numerically solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation including the vibrational and rotational degrees of freedom. The left and right ATI spectra are calculated by integrating the ionization continuum wave function over the left and the right half spheres along the laser polarization. We find that the left and right ATI spectra are asymmetric, and this asymmetry depends strongly on the molecular orientation and the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of the laser pulse. Moreover, we also perform the calculation for different initially rotational states to study the effect of rotational temperature on the ATI dynamics.


Kallistatin, an endogenous protein, protects against vascular injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation in hypertensive rats and enhancing the mobility and function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). We aimed to determine the role and mechanism of kallistatin in vascular senescence and aging using cultured EPCs, streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic mice, and Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Human kallistatin significantly decreased TNF‐α‐induced cellular senescence in EPCs, as indicated by reduced senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase activity and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 expression, and elevated telomerase activity. Kallistatin blocked TNF‐α‐induced superoxide levels, NADPH oxidase activity, and microRNA‐21 (miR‐21) and p16INK4a synthesis. Kallistatin prevented TNF‐α‐mediated inhibition of SIRT1, eNOS, and catalase, and directly stimulated the expression of these antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, kallistatin inhibited miR‐34a synthesis, whereas miR‐34a overexpression abolished kallistatin‐induced antioxidant gene expression and antisenescence activity. Kallistatin via its active site inhibited miR‐34a, and stimulated SIRT1 and eNOS synthesis in EPCs, which was abolished by genistein, indicating an event mediated by tyrosine kinase. Moreover, kallistatin administration attenuated STZ‐induced aortic senescence, oxidative stress, and miR‐34a and miR‐21 synthesis, and increased SIRT1, eNOS, and catalase levels in diabetic mice. Furthermore, kallistatin treatment reduced superoxide formation and prolonged wild‐type C. elegans lifespan under oxidative or heat stress, although kallistatin's protective effect was abolished in miR‐34 or sir‐2.1 (SIRT1 homolog) mutant C. elegans. Kallistatin inhibited miR‐34, but stimulated sir‐2.1 and sod‐3 synthesis in C. elegans. These in vitro and in vivo studies provide significant insights into the role and mechanism of kallistatin in vascular senescence and aging by regulating miR‐34a‐SIRT1 pathway.


Understanding the optimization of heterogeneity of unconventional shale reservoirs prior to hydraulic fracturing is important
for optimizing hydrocarbon production and recovery. Early prediction of geomechanical heterogeneity impacts the
efficiency of horizontal well placement and completion design.
Heterogeneity within shale reservoirs is influenced by composition and textural variation of the rock, ie, the rock quality.
Rock quality can be evaluated or predicted with seismic-derived rock properties. This study shows how seismic data are used
to determine rock quality through a multi-attribute analysis of wells logs integrated with post-stack and pre-stack inversion
to characterize the Montney Shale at Pouce Coupe, Alberta (Duenas, 2014).
The heterogeneity analysis combined with microseismic data and production profiles of the two horizontal wells in the area
shows that lithology has a major influence on the rock quality of the Montney interval. The combined interpretation of this work
with an understanding of the natural fracture system and the stress state of the reservoir can provide a rock quality index (RQI).
This RQI can aid in future exploration and operational development of the Montney and other shale reservoirs worldwide.


Developmental changes in the renal expression and activity of argininosuccinate synthase (ASS1) and lyase (ASL), enzymes that utilize citrulline for the production of arginine, have been reported. Thus the ability of neonates, and especially premature ones, to produce arginine may be compromised. To determine the utilization of citrulline in vivo, we measured renal expression of ASS1 and ASL and conducted citrulline compartmental and non-compartmental kinetics using [15N] citrulline in pigs of five different ages (from 10 d preterm to 5 weeks of age). The tracer was given in substrate amounts to also test the ability of neonatal pigs to utilize exogenous citrulline. Preterm and term pigs at birth had lower ASS1 and ASL expression than older animals, which was reflected in the longer half-life of citrulline in the neonatal groups. The production and utilization of citrulline by 1 week old pigs was greater than in pigs of other ages, including 5 week old animals. Plasma citrulline concentration was not able to capture these differences in citrulline production and utilization. In conclusion, the developmental changes in renal ASS1 and ASL gene expression are reflected in the ability of the pigs to utilize citrulline. However, it seems that there is an excess capacity to utilize citrulline at all ages, including during prematurity, since the bolus dose of tracer did not result in an increase in endogenous citrulline. Our results support the idea that citrulline supplementation in neonatal, including premature, pigs is a viable option to increase arginine availability.


The invention provides an oral mounting fixture which can be used in public such as during conversation with other people when halitosis is a particular concern; can be used at any time, with no limit to the timing of use; and more effectively promotes saliva secretion. The oral mounting fixture mounted inside a person's oral cavity and promoting the secretion of saliva has: a main body section 1 detachably mountable in part of the oral cavity and having a shape whereby same conforms to the shape of the mounting location; and a plurality of protrusions 2 integrally formed in the main body section 1 and protruding from the surface of the main body section 1. The oral mounting fixture is mounted such that the tips of the plurality of protrusions 2 press on oral mucosa.


Parallel computation of hypersonic flow field was performed with computational fluid dynamics method.Based on Fortran and MPI the CFD parallel computation program was developed.AUSMPW+ scheme and LU-SGS numerical method were used to resolve NS equation.The whole flow field were decomposed to several sub-domain,every CPU calculates the corresponding sub-domain.Adjoining sub-domain exchange flow data of border to ensure computation every iteration.The computation results indicate that the program and method were acceptable,and could be use for following massive parallel computation and engineering application.


Resumen en: In this article, in general terms, the characteristics of the religious organization in a ''Nahua'' area of the Zongolica sierra in Veracruz are exposed....


An electronic ballast is disclosed, in particular for operation of gas-discharge lamps, in which a further power semiconductor is provided in addition to the conventional power semiconductor, and provides the power required for steady-state operation. This avoids the high-power MOSFET transistors, whose power losses are high, also being used for steady-state operation.


In this paper,Kriging technology and its application in GPS height fitting field were briefly discussed.The performance of GPS height anomaly fitting in small area was proved in an experiment by using standard Kriging and extensive Kriging technology.Preliminary results showed that if the appropriate semi-variation function model was selected,the accuracy of GPS height anomaly fitting can be obviously improved.What's more,the proposed method has the advantages of smaller fitting residual?oscillation and smoother change.


ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to compare the effects of two lifestyle intervention programs for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevention – traditional or interdisciplinary psychoeducation-based intervention – in daily habits and cardiometabolic risk factors and investigate the role of the psychoeducational approach for the retention of individuals in the program. Subjects and methods Between 2008 and 2010, in a public health service, 183 pre-diabetic individuals were allocated to two 18-month interventions involving diet and physical activity. Physical activity, diet, quality of life (QOL) and depression and biochemical measurements were obtained. Linear mixed-effect models were used to assess the effect of the interventions. A student t test was used to compare dropouts versus non-dropouts. Results Improvements in energy intake and physical activity were greater in the interdisciplinary than the traditional intervention. A decrease in fat mass and blood pressure was more pronounced with interdisciplinary intervention. Dropouts from the traditional intervention only had higher BMI and lower fiber intake and QOL than non-dropouts. Conclusion The interdisciplinary psychoeducation-based intervention revealed useful for reducing cardiometabolic risk and retaining individuals with worse health profiles. This approach represents a feasible strategy for motivating high-risk individuals to adopt a long-term healthy lifestyle.


The increasing emphasis on integration among members of a supply chain has led to new mechanisms to help firms coordinate the flow of products, services, and information through the supply chain. Many studies support the importance and influence of supply chain integration on firm performance, but only a few focus on the organizational contextual factors influencing the integration. This research proposes organizational culture as a potential determinant of supply chain integration effectiveness. Specifically, this study would investigate the impact of different types of organizational culture (i. Quinn and Rohrbaugh, 1981) on supply chain integration. Based on two dimensions of organizational culture (flexibility-control orientation and internal-external focus) and four dimensions of supply chain integration (logistics synchronization, information sharing, incentive alignment and collective learning), it is hypothesized that a Developmental culture will be the most effective in implementing supply chain integration.


struggle against governmental agencies' (5), but studies show the tribal people disapprove of Maoist violence and therefore that proactive development of tribal regions and preservation of their rights can win them back. The second chapter is in fact a draft of such recommendations submitted before the Indian Planning Commission in 2008 regarding development challenges in Naxalite affected areas. The third chapter similarly argues that the present Naxal success is largely an outcome of an 'administrative vacuum'. Ethnographic findings from Andhra Pradesh demonstrate that STs and SCs form around 95% of the total support for Maoist forces and that this alignment is not ideology driven but the outcome of governance and socio-economic failures. The fourth chapter concerns differences between security centric and political approaches, showing how the security centric view 'creates a false dichotomy between the military versus political solution' (73). The book defends a socio-political approach that ceases to perceive the Naxals as 'terrorists' and instead looks for socio-economic and cultural remedies. The book considers the genealogy of exploitation, and of tribal agitations, and narrates how, post-independence, there were successive debates in the constituent assembly of India regarding the tribal question. These led to the formation of the Fifth Schedule and Sixth Schedule in the constitution to provide special self-governance status to these communities, but the initiative ended in failure amidst political unrest in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The Naxalbari uprising became the new 'totem of the place of [such] revolt' (118) which spread across India. The chapter on the PESA Act, 1996 discusses the radical provisions of this Act, which, if adopted, can revolutionise the administration in the Naxal affected zones. PESA is mainly about empowering the gram sabhas (village-level assemblies) and engendering a bottom-up model of development that recognises tribal rights. The book will be a remarkable resource for researchers working in the increasingly debated fields of social policy, governmentality and the Naxalite movement, and it provides a comprehensive set of arguments substantiated with strong empirical findings on the real causes of Naxalism and possible solutions.


Because economic crisis hinders export increase, internal investment increases slowly, China's rural residents' consumption expectation is getting worse and the distance between the rich and the poor is expending, which draw all the people's attention to expending rural effective requirement. Therefore, it is necessary to know and get control of the consumption situation of the rural residents. Through using PPS Sampling Method to estimate the consumption expenditure of rural residents' life, we can get the corresponding data and provide reference basis for formulating effective business strategies.


Association between neural tube defects (NTDs) and C677T polymorphism of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene was suspected, because the MTHFR gene codes for a key enzyme in folate metabolism. Its deficiency usually leads to significant reductions in plasma concentrations of folate, vitamin B12 and methionine, whereas homocysteine levels are


Survey and sample the marriage question the family life in the new country prejudice settling in - social contacts settling in - changing customs and personal identity looking into the future - predictions and opinions citizens of this country.


Anterior pituitary cells from castrated female rats were cultured in a medium with or without progesterone (P4), estradiol-17 β (E2), 17 β-hydroxy-11 β-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-17-(prop-1-ynyl)-estra-4,9-dien-3-one (RU486) or norethisterone (NE). Three days later, the media were changed and the cells were incubated further with or without luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) (10-6-10-12 M) for 3 hours. LH and FSH released in the media were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA).

At a high concentration of LHRH (>10-8 M), E2 (10-9 M) increased the release of LH and FSH significantly. When P4 (10-6 M) was combined with E2 for 3 days, the release of LH and FSH by E2 was inhibited.

RU486 had no direct effect on LH and FSH release. However, the effect of P4 against E2, as mentioned above, was nullified by 10-6 M of RU486.

In the same experimental model, RU486 also inhibited the effect of norethisterone.

By the use of the anti-progestin compound, RU486, it was confirmed that progestins directly inhibited the action of E2 at the anterior pituitary level.


The utility model discloses a dimming system of a light-emitting diode (LED) lamp. The dimming system of the LED lamp comprises a dimmer, an electronic transformer and a boosting transformer. The input end of the dimmer is connected with a mains supply, the output end of the dimmer is connected with the input end of the electronic transformer, the output end of the electronic transformer is connected with a primary coil of the boosting transformer, and the secondary coil of the boosting transformer is connected with a load of the LED lamp. The dimming system of the LED lamp can reduce leakage current and dependence on the electronic transformer, and obtains a wide dimming range.


e17007 Background: Extended hysterectomy with fixation of preserved ovaries to the round ligaments of the uterus and subsequent transposition of the gonads from the irradiation area have already become a routine procedure in the treatment of cervical cancer in young women in order to avoid castration syndrome. The aim of the study was to analyze clinical characteristics of patients with cervical cancer 10 years after treatment. Methods: Clinical and hormonal status of 216 patients with stage Ib cervical cancer after complex treatment was studied. The majority of women (160 patients, 74%) remained fertile at the time of the study, and 56 patients (26%) were peri- and postmenopausal (from 46-55 years). The presence or absence of climacteric symptoms was assessed by a questionnaire; functional ovarian insufficiency (FNU) was determined as mild, moderate, and severe. Plasma levels of steroid and gonadotropic hormones were evaluated by radioimmunoassay. Results: Analysis of menopausal complaints according to questionnaires showed that the symptoms increased with the age of patients. Only 8 patients of the reproductive age reported hot flashes (Table 1). In this group of patients, levels of sex and gonadotropic hormones were common for this age. Patients aged 45-50 years reported also dry skin and mucous membranes, dyspareunia and dysuric disorders, which indicated perimenopause. And in postmenopause, urogenital disorders were very persistent. This group included patients treated 6 and 10 years ago. Conclusions: Thus, the function of preserved ovaries "faded away" independently according to the age, providing a smooth transition to menopause and optimal medical and social rehabilitation of patients.[Table: see text]


Vapor of propargyl alcohol under reduced pressure was glow-discharged for plasma polymerization by which hydrophilic polymer film could be deposited onto a solid substrate. The hydrophilic property was more enhanced with use of the same monomer containing water. An interpretation of chemical structures of the polymer molecules was therefore attempted to discover the reason of the hydrophilic property. The polymer materials were subjected to IR spectroscopy, 13C-NMR and 1H-NMR spectroscopies, elemental analysis, number average molecular weight determination, mass spectrometry, and other wet chemical analysis for . The IR spectra of the polymers showed the presence of OH, CO, and CC groups with a disappearance of CC group of the monomer. It was also found that the molecular formula of a solvent extract of the polymer derived from the plain monomer was C26H36O9 ≒ 490, involving four hydroxyl, one carbonyl, and two to three olefinic unsaturation groups within a unit molecule. On the other hand, the polymer from 60% water-containing monomer showed its molecular formula as C44H66O18 ≒ 890, containing seven to eight hydroxyl, two carbonyl, and one to two olefinic unsaturation groups. This information was used to establish the symbolic chemical structures of the polymer molecules. It has been found that both polymers were not as much crosslinked as other plasma polymers because of having side chains with fewer branching. The oxygen atoms were retained in the polymer not only as the forms of OH and CO but also as a member of the principal frame of the polymers.


Based on the fully analyze of the knowledge innovation management,the method of data envelopment analysis appraisal for knowledge innovation management was detailed descript.Firstly,appraise index system was build up based on the analysis.Then,preference restraint cone data envelopment analysis was applied to make comprehensive evaluation to give the final result.At the end of the text,a case was applied to qualify scientific and feasibility of the method.This text will offer some reference to knowledge innovation management.


The Lysosome Associated Protein Transmembrane (LAPTM) family is comprised of LAPTM4 and 5 proteins. LAPTM5 regulates Band T-cell receptor internalization and pro-inflammatory signaling and its lysosomal sorting was previously characterized. This thesis elucidates the lysosomal sorting determinants of LAPTM4s (LAPTM4a and LAPTM4b) and LAPTM4b


Nanosized fibrous cerium phosphates, Ce (HPO4)2.2.9H2O (nCePf), wa prepared. was characterized by chemical , XRD, TGA analysis, Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Novel supported polybenzimidazole/ fibrous cerium phosphate nanocomposite membrane was prepared via in-situ chemical oxidation of the monomer that was promoted by the reduction of Ce (iv) ions present in the inorganic matrix. The presence of Ce (iv) ions allows redox reactions necessary to oxidative polymerization to occur. The resultant material was characterized by XRD, TGA, elemental (C,H,N) analysis and by FT-IR spectroscopy. Image SEM of the resulting nanocomposite reveals a uniform distribution of the polymer on the inorganic matrix }. Amount of polymer present in the composites found to be 11%.


This paper represents design and development of a low cost solar automatic vehicle with two innovative approach. In both approaches, the solar automatic vehicle will be able to move on the roadturn to leftor right and stop at any obstruction on the road automatically. The automation is done by using three photosensors in the first approach and by using photosensorsand a microcontroller (PIC 16F877A) in the final approach.In the first approach, the photo sensors detects black or white color. Depending upon the color, the left and right photosensor will generates control instructions for the vehicle by observing the road so that the vehicle can turn left or right automatically and for any kind of obstruction found in road, the front sensor will detect it and send signal to the relay, which will stop driving the main power source to the driving unit and makesthe vehiclestop.In the final approach photosensors, depending upon color of the road, detect signals from the road and produce control instruction for the microcontroller. Microcontroller then process the instruction and generate instruction for the driving section. The driving section drives the vehicle according to the road.


The article presents the outcomes of an empirical study in three small towns of the Russian Federation in 2012-2015 and 2019-2020. The main empirical material was obtained through in-depth interviews (101 interviews in total) with the main actors of local politics. The study showed that in all communities the leadership of town-forming enterprises has a substantial potential to influence decision-making process. However, the degree and nature of their involvement in urban politics varies significantly - from active involvement to leaving. In both cases, the interests of enterprises were taken into account by the leadership of the legislatures, which either directly consisted of representatives of the enterprises, or from the very beginning positioned itself as their partner. When the local representative government is headed by representatives of big business, the possibilities for exercising control over the actions of the executive branch increase. The study showed that town legislatures are a platform for reconciling the interests of big business and the executive branch, without which the participation of big business in the local political processes would be behind the scene and informal. The possibility of turning the legislature into a platform for coordinating interests directly depends on the personal qualities of town and business leaders, their authority and understanding of the importance of cooperation. In the absence of this, the legislature will not be able to successfully participate in the elaboration of the community development strategy. The study showed that the company's desire to coordinate its actions with the executive branch does not necessarily lead to a clear dominance of the company over municipal structures, and the real partnership between the two main participants in urban politics largely depends on the personal factor.


Objective To study the regularity of the drawing of practical curve in pharmacy from the requirement of scientific research for pharmacy.Method Taking VB.NET as the development circumstance,the framework construct was used to definite category.The flexible protraction of graph curve was achieved,and the easy seeable user operation interface was found.Result "The drawing system of pharmacy useful curve" software was designed.Conclusions Compared with others,the system possesses many characteristics,such as its easiness in nes,its specialization,practicability,movability and expandability.The system can meet the special need for the drawing curve in the research of pharmacy.


Three unidentified Maori women from Ngai Tuhoe, wearing cloaks. Two wear white feathers in their hair and hold taiaha. Kowhaiwhai patterns can be seen in the background. Photograph taken by Thomas Pringle in 1905.
Note on back of file print reads "Tuhoe"
Inscriptions: Photographer's title on negative - bottom left - Protected Thos Pringle Wellington N Z 1-10-05; Photographer's title on negative - bottom right - No. 695
Quantity: 1 b&w original negative(s).


A research logic model and matrix' is presented to serve as a framework for combining treatment modalities utilized in current cancer management and for developing innovations in radiation oncology. The stimulus for this effort is the need for a better scientific basis for launching clinical trials, particularly when such new modes as radiosensitizers, radioprotectors, hyperthermia, high linear energy transfer (LET), and radiolabeled tumor antibodies are added to the existing established modes such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Since common research themes are being explored with radiation and drugs, many opportunities exist to integrate these two major research approaches. Radiobiology research received its major impetus at the beginning of the atomic era, when the biologic effects of high dose and low chronic dose radiation exposure required definition. As a by-product of this effort, radiation has acted as a noninvasive probe into living organisms. Radiation perturbs biologic systems through its selective action on dividing cells, and has led to observations of prime biologic importance. As methods of cell quantification were developed in in vitro and in vivo systems, more research was directed toward understanding the mechanisms of action of radiation at the cellular and tissue levels The four "R's" of clinical radiobiologic research as stated by Whitmore'-repair, reoxygenation, repopulation, and reassortment-have been the main currents of tumor biology research during the past decade. Unlike the radiation research program, the drug development program3 of the National Cancer Institutue (NCI) evolved a linear treatment array from pharmacology research programs. The initial step involves the use of a drug prescreening program based on tumor response in one or two sensitive cell lines to evaluate thousands of drugs. Once a drug is shown to have an antitumor effect, a more intensive screening analysis is made using a panel of mouse tumors and xenografts of common human tumors. If the drug is effective and not too toxic in this panel of mouse tumors, large scale production and


An ignitor circuit for a gas discharge lamp 8 has an inductor 34 connected in parallel with a capacitive means 28, 30 which includes the lamp connecting lead capacitance 30, the inductor 34 and capacitive means 28, 30 forming a resonant circuit which generates a striking voltage across the lamp leads when driven at its resonant frequency. The capacitive means may include a variable capacitor so that the resonant frequency can be set at a desired value for various lengths of lamp lead. The ignitor circuit may be driven by a resonant inverter 2 having a resonant circuit formed by a capacitor 20 and an inductor 18 in series with an inductor 32 forming a primary winding on a transformer 26 having the inductor 34 as a secondary winding. The voltage developed across capacitor 20 is connected to a rectifier and DC link circuit 4 providing a DC supply voltage which is applied to a DC lamp (38, Fig.2) or to an AC lamp 8 via a low frequency inverter 6. The resonant frequency of the ignitor circuit 28, 30, 34 may be slightly higher than that of the resonant inverter 2. Inverter 2 is started at a frequency well above resonance, the frequency then being reduced towards resonance, so that the maximum ignitor voltage is generated simultaneously with maximum lamp voltage obtained from the inverter 2 via link 4 and inverter 6. Once the lamp strikes, lamp current flow through winding 34 saturates transformer 26 thus disabling the ignitor. To ensure that the transformer 26 is continuously saturated, after lamp starting, even when the square waveform lamp current passes through zero, the transformer may have an additional winding formed by two coils (56, 58, Fig. 3) connected to the DC link 4 to pass a saturating current but wound so that the voltages induced in coils (56) and (58) during ignition cancel one another. The lamp may be used for UV curing of material on a moving substrate in printing or coating apparatus, de-ionised water being passed through a quartz tube (74, Fig.5) to filter infra-red radiation.


Because the ordinary belt conveyer arranges is restricted by inclination angle which is affected by the terrain in Shanxi province mountainous area or adapts for the higher elevation of big coal bunker,the horizontal arrangement size of belt conveyer system arrangement is longer.Based on this point,it is necessary to choose a large capacity belt conveyer which can increase arrangement angle and substitute for the ordinary belt conveyer to save the land occupation and cost reduction.The application possibility of waved edge belt conveyer is discussed.This equipment has been used well in Niangziguan Power Plant.


The present disclosure Senikuribirokku or one salt and optionally or more additional pharmaceutically pharmaceutical composition comprising an active agent, process for its preparation, as well as diseases or conditions, in particular, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) such as of their use in the treatment of the virus. In one aspect, the Senikuribirokku or a salt thereof is Seni chestnut bi lock mesylate. In another aspect, Senikuribirokku or weight ratio of the salt to fumaric acid, based on the weight of the free Senikuribirokku from about 7:10 to about 10: 7, for example, from about 8:10 to about 10: 8, about 9: from 10 to about 10: 9, or about 95: 100 to about 100: 95. .FIELD 1


The present investigation is concerned with free vibration analysis of composite plates in the presence of cutouts undergoing large amplitude oscillations. The Ritz finite element model using a nine-nodedC0continuity, isoparametric quadrilateral element along with a higher order displacement theory which accounts for parabolic variation of transverse shear stresses is used to predict the dynamic behavior. Results have been obtained for laminated plates with various cutout geometries such as square, rectangle, circle and ellipse in the large amplitude range. Backbone curves are drawn for various boundary conditions and aspect ratios of the cutout.


In this paper we present an exploratory study on the understanding of reality among scientists. The nature of reality has been a conundrum for generations of theologians, philosophers, and scientists as well as the lay public. It also appears as a scientific problem in various disciplines,
 from physics to psychiatry and neuroscience. For the purpose of our study, we employed Chamber REST (Restricted Environmental Stimulation), which has been known to produce substantial perceptual effects such as visual or auditory pseudo-hallucinations. We hypothesized that such experiences
 could alter basic underlying metaphysical beliefs which our subject-scientists hold about reality. We conclude that the technique showed the potential to induce such changes, but the outcome is also probably dependent on their pre-existing views gained through previous experiences, such as
 for example altered states of consciousness. Also, the effects of Chamber REST seem to be in this respect comparable to psychedelic sessions.


- Chemical vapor deposition is a suitable process for manufacturing ZnS lenses or windows with more than 75% transmittance in the 8 to 12 micron range. The most influent parameters of this process are the temperature of the substrate on which ZnS deposition takes place and the pressure within the reaction chamber. rate. Several CVD experiments were conducted in the temperature and pressure ranges respectively of 530-750°C and 30-40 torr. Temperature was measured in the


Ian Cross, Entrainment, evolution, language and music The issue of whether the same mechanism underlies the construction of a framework for the joint experience of time in human interactions in music and in language is one which remains to be explored. It seems most parsimonious to assume that a single mechanism underlies our capacities to entrain in both domains, and in this short paper I'll be presenting an outline of what appears to be a plausible scenario for the co-evolution of linguistic, cultural and musical capacities in the later hominid lineage. John Bispham, Preliminary thoughts on music, movement, rhythm, and entrainment in evolution My presentation will introduce my field of research, which is preliminarily (and possibly somewhat optimistically) framed as the Evolution of Musical Rhythmic Capabilities and Behaviours. I view rhythmic behaviours as having their evolutionary foundation in movement and suggest that the development of rhythmic abilities has evolved along mosaic lines. Within a putative model individual skills/mechanisms intrinsic to movement, perception of temporal events, and interpersonal interactions are gradually developed, conglomerated and abstracted into increasingly musical and/or terpsichorean contexts. I will discuss how the issue of Interpersonal Musical Entrainment fits into this structure and how recent evidence on entrainment to isochronous and rhythmic stimuli has thrown up some interesting questions with regard to the evolution of rhythmic abilities and entrainment. Joel Swaine, Entrainment and the concept of 'Embodied Rhythm Cognition' The notion of entrainment remains fuzzy despite its significance for the psychological study of music. In this presentation I will be outlining, and discussing briefly, a framework of concepts that might be useful for clarifying and deepening our understanding of the psychology of musical entrainment. I will be unpacking the concept of 'embodied rhythm cognition', and I will be discussing a number of theoretical gaps in the psychology of musical rhythm, with particular reference to the study of emotion and attention. To provide a focus for the presentation, I will be relating these ideas to a discussion of the singing of a mantra. Nikki Moran and Martin Clayton, Observing entrainment in context: Introduction to a method Laura Leante and Martin Clayton, Visual evidence of entrainment phenomena in North Indian raga performance These presentations concern the development of a methodology for studying entrainment in the context of ethnomusicological research, by extracting timing data from video recordings. We will introduce the basic principles of the analytical method we are developing, which employs The Observer (behavioural analysis software) as a tool for studying video recordings of music performances. We will then present the results of some early test analyses, which we believe do offer evidence of entrainment phenomena – evidence that that may not be available from audio recordings or from experiments carried out in a laboratory setting. Satinder Gill, Pulse periodicity in para-linguistic coordination Joint or collective action (Clark, 1996) involves grounding in understanding of the communicative situation. In this paper, the process of grounding is explored as the emergence and movement of paralinguistic pulse periodicities, during the building of a concept in a joint task. These emergent temporal patterns are explored as musical accents of change. The analysis develops upon earlier work on body movement coordination (Gil, Kawamori, Katagiri, Shimojima, 2000) that revealed sequential and Entrainment weekend I: schedule and abstracts 4 parallel rhythmic patterns but did not analyse their temporal structure, and considers these structures as possibly isochronous and polyphonic respectively. It is proposed that the structures of pulse periodicities facilitate tacit transformation in understanding and enable joint action to be maintained (Gill, 2004). The analysis is of video data of collaborative conceptual design sketching undertaken by dyads. This is work in progress and is part of a larger proposed project to investigate how aspects of rhythm and entrainment are manifested in linguistic (phonology) and paralinguistic interaction (gesture, movement) and comparing ways in which these are manifested in music (Cross, 2004). Jessica Grahn, Beat-based rhythm processing and the basal ganglia The research that will be presented examines the structural characteristics necessary for a temporal sequence to induce a beat, and the brain areas involved in processing that beat. I have been testing three types of sequences that vary in their ability to induce a beat, based on the C parameter in Povel and Essens' metric model. The first type of sequence, Metric Simple, uses intervals related by integerratios (1:2:3:4), and has regular, low-complexity accent structures. Metric Complex sequences contain the same intervals, but rearranged to give an irregular, complex accent structure. Nonmetric sequences were also tested; these sequences have noninteger interval ratios (1:1.4:3.5:4.5), and irregular accent structure. The results from testing performance of these sequences differentiate the role of integer-ratios and regular accents in beat-induction. Metric simple rhythms are reproduced and discriminated more accurately than Metric Complex and Nonmetric rhythms, indicating that integer-ratios may be necessary, but are not sufficient to induce a beat. FMRI results show that listening to metric simple rhythms activates certain motor areas of the brain, including the basal ganglia and SMA, significantly more than the other two conditions. As a follow-up, patients with Parkinson's disease, which involves degeneration of parts of the basal ganglia, were tested on a rhythm discrimination task. The goal was to determine if the integrity of the basal ganglia is required for beat perception, or if the basal ganglia are simply active when a beat is perceived. The results of these studies will be presented at this meeting. In addition, input will be solicited on how to assign accents in the metric complex sequences, which contain patterns not easily slotted into the Povel and Essens' model of accent perception. Nick Collins, Computational implementations of beat induction A discussion and demonstration shall be given of a number of engineering approaches to the problem of beat induction for tracking musical performance. Their relation to human auditory perception and possible cognitive mechanisms of entrainment will be explored. Tommi Himberg, Interactive tapping – a window to the cognitive foundations of musical interaction In my research on musical interaction, I focus on the temporal dimension: coordination and synchronization of beats, rhythms and timelines. Current research on these issues has looked into the abilities of individuals and there are various models on how sensorimotor synchronization works. However, all these models and the empirical work on them have focused on individuals only. I attempt to develop ways in which these cognitive mechanisms could be studied in a more natural environment – in musical interaction between people. I am currently developing an experimental setting where two people could be engaged simultaneously in various rhythmic tapping tasks. [detailed abstract attached] Eric Berg and Udo Will, Entrainment to non-periodic rhythms? Analyses of tapping responses to North Indian alap and jor One of the fascinating questions in entrainment research is whether humans entrain to non-periodic rhythms. The study we report investigates whether entrainment effects can be detected in tapping responses of participants listening to N. Indian alap (from Rag Marwa by Ali Akbar Khan, 1994). Entrainment weekend I: schedule and abstracts 5 These experiments indicate that the alap constitutes a weak and 'noisy' interacting force for the tapping responses that leads to intermittent phase synchronization. An interesting question, what determines the response level (mean duration) of the tapping, did not yet find a conclusive answer. [detailed abstract attached] Udo Will and Eric Berg, Does the brain get entrained to music: How are musical stimuli and brain responses related? "In the early days of EEG research it was also discovered that some of the alpha and beta waves could be synchronized entrained to the frequency of an external, bright strobe light stimulus. The English neurosurgeon Gray Walter was the first to report that at certain 'entrainment' frequencies of the external stimulus, his subjects would enter trance-like states where they began to experience deep peacefulness, dream-like visions, and other unexpected sensations (Walter 1953). Later it was discovered that not only strobe lights but also rhythmic noises could produce such effects". (Clayton et al, 2004 ESEM CounterPoint,1). The study reporting these effects was by A. Neher (Electroenceph.clin.Neurophysiol, 1961, 13: 449-451), who, in a later publication claimed that his results could serve to explain certain trance state behavior observed in ceremonies involving drums. Neher's study, which is not unproblematic, has never been replicated and we undertook the present EEG study to see whether we could obtain comparable results. As stimuli we used recordings of North American Indian shaman drum song (section without voice), which we manipulated to obtain drum rates from 0.5 to 8 beats/sec. Sounds were presented with amplitudes of about 70dB, for some extra runs we used 100 dB. Our results are different from those reported by Neher in terms of amplitude and location of the evoked potentials. Only in a few subjects we obtained results similar to those of Neher, however, these potentials were identified as 1:1 responses of the temporal muscles and not of central origin. The cortical responses we recorded showed clear signs of 'attunement' to the drum stimuli: Responses continue to be


The research on tectonics in the architectural field began from the middle of nineteenth century and in recent twenty years digital technology gradually developed and permeated through the field of architecture. Liu and Lim (2006, 2009) integrated classic and digital tectonic factors a present framework of new tectonics. However, the previous studies related to the tectonics in this digital age were only on architectural cases that use a great deal of digital media. The research wants to know what and how the tectonic factors affect the different spatial forms of modern architecture and focused on a case study of the diversified spatial forms, orthogonal, folding and curving. The results show the classic tectonic thinking is imperative until now. It is critical to prove the significance of adding the new digital tectonic factors in digital age.


16 messages (elements) about the rising prices of gasoline and its effects on the economy and on consumer behavior were created by a school age researcher, using Idea Coach, an artificial intelligence program embedded in the Mind Genomics system. The elements were combined into vignettes, with each respondent evaluated 24 unique vignettes. Regression analysis and clustering revealed two clearly different mind-sets in the population of 101 respondents, about half responding strongly to messages about the macroeconomic causes and effects, and the other responding strongly to messages about consumer reactions. The coupling of artificial intelligence to help students select ideas and Mind Genomics to test these ideas with real people provide the communities with a new way to understand the mind of young people regarding the 'real world', as well as a novel tool to encourage learning and education through the experience of one's own research.


The ultimate purpose of this study is to comprehensively review teachers' perceptions of metaverse -based Korean language education and views related to educational application, and to explore the possibility of metaverse application to Korean education through this. For this purpose, the instructor's perception of metaverse-based education was studied, considering effect of their prior metaverse experience. In addition, educational application of metaverse was investigated from the perspective of the value and necessity of metaverse-based education, factors to consider when planning metaverse-based education, and expected difficulties and support directions of metaverse-based education. As a result of the study, the group of instructors who had experience with metaverse had higher understanding of the metaverse and were also statistically significant in terms of perceived usefulness and sense of efficacy. However, even in the unexperienced group, which showed a very low sense of efficacy, the behavioral intention to use was high, not showing a significant difference from the experienced group. In order to fully take advantages of metaverse in Korean language education, it was confirmed that speaking activities such as role play, simulation, and small group learning activities with interaction were the most effective. Furthermore, the necessity of metaverse-based education must be included in instructors' training and re-training programs, as well as in the required courses for instructor qualification program.


ABSTRACT Background: Osteoporosis is the degradation of bone microstructure that increase proximal femur risk of fracture. Current fracture prediction methods are based on the analysis of bone mineral density (BMD). Nevertheless, it has been shown that BMD alone cannot predict with certainty who will have a future hip fracture. The aim of this study was to develop a novel proximal femur fracture index approach including patient-specific geometrical and mechanical properties data to assess the femoral neck fracture risk. Methods: The patient-specific femoral neck geometry and data for the analysis were obtained from DXA scans. The fracture index was built based on a mechanical description of the fracture occurrence under a side fall impact. Results: The current approach predicts with a very good accuracy the fracture risk (TPR = 78%, TNR = 81%) and provided a good agreement with the experimental data, while the DXA-based BMD was less accurate (TPR = 60%, TNR = 56). Our predicted results showed that the proposed bone fracture index, may provide an enhanced diagnostic of proximal fracture risk diagnostic. Conclusions: The index developed here may be used in clinical applications as an enhanced tool to predict fracture risk and contribute to osteoporosis diagnosis based on DXA.


This study investigates the application of the model predictive control (MPC) approach for voltage stability of an isolated hybrid wind-diesel generation system based on reactive power control. This scheme consists of a synchronous generator (SG) for a diesel-generator (DG) system and an induction generator (IG) for a wind energy conversion system. A static voltage automatic regulator (VAR) compensator (SVC) is connected at terminal bus to stabilise load voltage through compensating of reactive power. Two control paths are used to stabilise load bus voltage based on MPC. The first one by controlling the total reactive power of the system that by controlling the SVC firing angle and hence the load voltage. The second control path by controlling the SG excitation voltage and hence the load bus terminal voltage. The MPC is used to determine the optimal control actions including system constraints. To mitigate calculations effort and to reduce numerical problems, especially in large prediction horizon, an exponentially weighted functional MPC (FMPC) is applied. The proposed controller has been tested through step change in load reactive power plus step increase in input wind power. Also, the performance of the system with FMPC was compared with the classical MPC. Moreover, this scheme is tested against the parameters variations.


Abstract Although the transmission of microorganisms by bloodtransfusion has been described for more than half a century, bacterialcontamination of blood components, mainly platelet concentrates,remains a public health problem.This study aimed at evaluating the prevalence ofmicrobiological contamination and also isolate and identify themicroorganisms found in random donor platelets (RDP) in thehemotherapy service of a university hospital of Goiânia, Brazil,between November 2004 and May 2005.Two thousand samples of RDP were collected with thestorage time ranging from the day of the donation (Dzero) to thefifth day of storage (D5). Cultures were performed in pools of twoto ten units in bottles with brain heart infusion (BHI), incubated at37oC for up to 7 days and sub cultivated in chocolate agar to isolatethe microorganisms. In cases of a pool bring positive, the culturewas individually performed for all the samples of that pool. Theisolated bacteria were identified by enzymatic and biochemical testsand by a MicroScan® automated bacterial detection system (DadeBehring - West Sacramento, California, USA), using Pos-Combo 21and Neg-Combo 32 kits and the reader autoSCAN4® reader.Eight positive samples were detected, resulting in a prevalenceof 0.4% (95%CI = 0.31 < µ < 0.49). Isolated microorganisms were:five (62.5%) Gram-negative rods (three


An individual's ability to move reflects the contractile response of skeletal muscle after action potentials from innervating motor neurons trigger the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) from presynaptic motor nerve terminals at neuromuscular junctions. Neuromuscular junctions are comprised of 3 different cell types: the presynaptic motor nerve terminals, the postsynaptic muscle fiber, and perisynaptic Schwann cells. ACh binding to postsynaptic ACh receptors (AChRs) leads to cation influx, membrane depolarization, the opening of voltage gated Na channels, action potential generation and excitation-contraction coupling. The execution of this series of events requires that presynaptic and postsynaptic components of neuromuscular junctions be structurally aligned at the cellular, molecular and ultrastructural levels. Among the wide variety of cell-cell signaling influences on normal neuromuscular system development, neurotrophic factors and their receptors have emerged as modulators of the development and maintenance of neuromuscular innervation (reviewed in Refs. 14,15). Neurotrophic factors have been shown to influence the development and maintenance of presynaptic motor neurons, muscle fibers, and Schwann cells. For example, nerve growth factor (NGF) signaling is important for the differentiation and maintenance of muscle cells in vitro. NGF can replace serum, increase the activity of the Na /K pump and prevent the deterioration of myotubes. In vivo, when NGF signaling is inhibited, adult skeletal muscles exhibit signs of dystrophy. Neurotrophic factors are also important for the development and


Since a few years, in many different domains (e.g. sociology, ecology or economy), there is a growing trend in designing models that can be used for exploratory purposes rather than purely predictive ones. Loosely following a "complex systems" paradigm, exploratory models are often based on explicit and detailed representations of the components of the systems studied, and offer a large degree of freedom in the parameter or structural adjustments available to their final users (researchers, decision-makers or stakeholders). They are intended to be used as a support of "as-if experiments" as they allow, through these adjustments, for the formulation of detailed hypotheses at various levels of description of the system. These hypotheses then lead to the generation of scenarios whose outcomes are explored and compared by way of repeated simulations. Epidemiology is an interesting example of this situation. Its long modelling history can be characterised as a search for simple predictive models, but recent examples like the outbreaks of avian influenza in South-East Asia have shown their limits: without properly taking into account the interplays between social, ecological and biological dynamics to understand how this pandemic evolves, these models become useless as far as prediction goes. And when some of these dynamics are tentatively taken into account, the resulting models often become dependent on incomplete or qualitative data (for instance, the decision-making processes of social actors or the behaviours of birds), which prevents them to be used for any serious predicting purposes. As a consequence, there has been a recent shift of focus of the community on the design of exploratory models, which are meant to allow understanding the links between these dynamics, generating and studying various hypotheses, and measuring, with respect to these hypotheses, the impact of local or global policies in complex scenarios. However, designing and using such models gives rise to serious methodological issues and existing modelling and simulation methodologies do not cope very well with this new type of models. When they are adapted to take their peculiarities into account, this often results in ad hoc solutions, which can barely be reused for other models in the same domain, let alone in different domains. The objective of this thesis is to propose a domain-independent methodology (KIMONO) to facilitate the design and use of such exploratory models. Based on a series of examples from various domains (road traffic, social segregation, soil dynamics and more extensively epidemiology), I proceed from an account of the design requirements (taking conflicting and evolving hypotheses into account during the modelling process, producing highly-modular models, enabling an iterative modelling cycle, allowing for the collaboration of different experts and the combination of different formalisms, etc.) to a concrete proposal involving dedicated computer tools and a common accessible formalism, both aimed at facilitating the collaboration, communication and the implementation of "world models" (the name given in this proposal to open exploratory models). The methodology I propose focuses on two elements: the implication of the experts and a detailed representation of the system. Experts are at the centre of the modelling process, which starts with extensive descriptions of their knowledge, possibly reusing their formalism, and further proceeds through iterative amendments (of increasing or decreasing complexity) that they are able to evaluate and validate in interaction with the modellers. The iterative process comes to an end when the experts estimate that they have a sufficient insight of the system or when further investigations require field experiments. Regarding the kind of representation suitable for supporting this process, I propose an adaptable and modular combination of two implementation systems: Agent-Based Modelling (ABM) and Geographical 3 DRAFT 26/09/11 Information Systems (GIS). I show that this combination provides for an arbitrary level of description of the components of a system, that it allows both qualitative and quantitative knowledge to be equally represented and that it supports a high level of evolution of the hypotheses during the modelling process. The interactions between modellers and experts are based on two abstractions of these implementation details, using both the ODD (Overview, Design concepts, Details) protocol for communication purposes, and the GAML modelling language for the collaborative programming of the model. The methodology proposed has been applied and validated in the context of a large study undertaken in South-East Asia (especially North-Vietnam) by epidemiologists and veterinarians to understand the role of various hypotheses in explaining the recurring outbreaks of the avian influenza epidemics among domestic poultry. During a four years long interdisciplinary collaboration, several "world models" have been co- designed, implemented on the GAMA platform and used as "virtual laboratories" by experts. This collaboration, and its unique outcomes, have allowed them to test a broad range of hypotheses (especially on the local conditions of persistence), better understand the role of various spatial, ecological or social factors in the survival and propagation of the virus and reorient some of their field studies in consequence.


Objectives: To assess clinical features, treatment and oncologic outcomes of patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasm (GTN). Methods: Patients with GTN who were treated in the institution during January 2000 to December 2018 were identified. Data collected were age at GTN diagnosis, index pregnancy, interval prior to GTN, FIGO stage, WHO score, treatment and outcomes. Results: Total of 74 patients with available data were included in the study. Median age was 33 years (range, 17-52 years). The most common antecedent pregnancy was molar pregnancy (85.1%). Stage I disease was most common (73.0%). Majority were classified as low risk (85.1%). All patients with metastases had pulmonary lesions. Other metastatic sites were brain, abdominal wall, vulva, and colon. Hysterectomy was performed in 17.8% as primary or interval surgery after few cycles of chemotherapy. Chemotherapy was given in 93.2% of patients, with methotrexate as the most common first-line drug (82.5%). Response rate among patients who completed first-line chemotherapy was 83.8%. The patients who had persistence or rising of serum B-hCG (14.7%) or experienced chemotherapy side-effects (1.5%) as well as those who had recurrence (6.8%) had second-line chemotherapy, with few had further-line drugs. After a median follow-up of 22.7 months (range, 0.37210.9 months), only 1 patient was dead from progressive diseases. The others were alive and doing well without any evidences of diseases. Conclusions: Majority of GTN had antecedent molar pregnancy, stage I and low risk disease. Surgery had certain role in selected patients. Chemotherapy was the mainstay of treatment yielding good oncologic outcomes. *Correspondence to: Siriwan Tangjitgamol, 681 Samsen road, Dusit district, Bangkok, Thailand, E-mail: email@example.com; email@example.com


Glutaminase interacting protein (GIP), a PDZ domain containing protein, mediates the distribution and clustering of proteins/peptides in membranes, acting as a scaffold where signaling molecules are linked to a multi-protein complex. GIP has been shown to play a key role in the glutamate signaling system. Some metals, particularly Pb2


ABSTRACT. Serum concentrations of iron, copper, zinc and magnesium were determined in 27 Swedish children with well controlled diabetes without longterm diabetic complications. Thirteen of the diabetic children had age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. Significantly lower serum magnesium concentrations were found in the diabetic children than in the matched healthy controls (p <0.01). The levels of iron, copper and zinc did not differ in the diabetic children from those in the controls. A negative correlation between serum magnesium level and duration of diabetes was found (p <0.05). This is seemingly the first report of hypomagnesemia in diabetic children.


The liquid penetrant testing, and its capillary variety, and control of airtightness, are based on the filling by the liquid defectoscopic substances of capillaries and capillary-porous bodies. Physicomechanical interaction on the boundary liquid - solid body influences seriously the eventual result of control. For the first time we investigated phenomena, as interaction in the capillary of two chemically noninteracting liquids, mechanism of double-sided filling of blind capillaries, ultrasonic capillary effect, size effect of viscosity. Their role in an increase of the effectiveness Interaction of the development of defects and productivity of control is shown.


Excitatory input regulates cell birth and survival in many systems. The granule cell population of the rat dentate gyrus is formed primarily during the postnatal period. Excitatory afferents enter the dentate gyrus and begin to form synapses with granule cells during the first postnatal week, the time of maximal cell birth and death. In order to determine whether excitatory input plays a role in the regulation of cell birth and survival in the developing granule cell layers and their germinal regions, the subependymal layer and hilus, we treated rat pups with the N‐methyl D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists MK‐801, CGP 37849, or CGP 43487 during the first postnatal week and examined the numbers of 3H‐thymidine‐labeled cells, pyknotic cells, and healthy cells in these regions. In order to determine the cell type that was affected, sections from brains of MK‐801‐treated rats were processed for 3H‐thymidine autoradiography combined with immunohistochemistry for the marker of radial glia, vimentin, and the marker of mature astrocytes, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).


The Economy Globalization, as an objective historical process, is a great challenge and impact to a country's economic sovereignty. As a developing country, China must adapt itself to the historical trend with scientific knowledge and rational countermeasures so as to defend the national interest.


The lithology was complex in Dayangshu basin, the reservoir contained large amounts of pores and cracks, but there wasn't a major breakthrough in oil and gas exploration in the area, so exploration was an important issue in the area. In this paper, Yangcanl well log data were used to calculate the impendence of gas-bearing layer, AVO anomaly of gas-beating layer was belong to the first AVO anomaly after analysis. AVO analysis software was used to process the prestack gathers data of line 74, where is the location of Yangcanl Well, and it found that AVO anomaly amplitude of the gas-bearing layer was the first AVO anomaly. The use of AVO technical analysis proved that there was a wider range of gas-bearing unusual in both sides of Yangcan1 well, and there was second AVO anomaly which was more gas-bearing. Finally, various types of information proved that the line 74 in the southern basin depression Dayangshu was the best prospective areas for exploration, AVO anomaly segment was key areas for the next exploration step, and the attention should be paid to the area near CDP3010.


An irrigation trial was conducted during 1984-1988, to evaluate the optimal water dose required for early and high production of avocado (Persea americana, cvs. Ettinger, Fuerte and Hass, grafted on seedlings of West Indian root-stocks). The trial was carried out in a silty-loam soil along the coastal plain of Israel. Irrigation treatments included a gradual increase of water dosage, adjusted to tree age, in a pre-determined ratio of 70%: 100%: 130%. Data was collected on water and nutrient inputs, soil and leaf analysis, soil matric potential, growth, yield, and fruit size. The 130% irrigation increased significantly the yield of 'Ettinger' and 'Fuerte' by 32% and 15%, respectively. The yield of 'Hass ' was not affected. The higher rate of irrigation raised fruit size of 'Ettinger' but only in the first year of production when the crop load was light. Fruit size of the three cultivars was not affected by irrigation rate in the following years, when record yields were obtained. Water uptake took place mainly from the 0 to 60 cm soil layer, although root activity could be detected at 90 cm as well, mainly at the lower rates of irrigation. With the exception of 'Hass' which showed reduced trunk growth at the higher irrigation rate, tree growth increased as irrigation rate was raised. The average electrical conductivity of the 0 to 90 cm soil layers at mid-summer was 1.8, 1.6 and 1.3 dS/m in the 70%, 100%, and 130% irrigation treatments, respectively. The electrical conductivity was proportional to the chloride concentration of the soil. The 'Hass' had higher %N, %P and %K in the leaves as compared to 'Ettinger' and 'Fuerte'. Leaf %K was raised proportionally to the cumulative K fertilization from year to year, with notable interaction with irrigation treatments. Higher leaching in the intensive irrigation resulted in lower soil and leaf K. The present irrigation experiment pointed out the importance of intensive irrigation for rapid tree growth to achieve full canopy coverage for early production.


Several machine learning benchmarks have shown surprising longevity, such as the ILSVRC 2012 image classification benchmark based on the ImageNet database (Russakovsky et al., 2015). Even though it contains only 50,000 data points, hundreds of results have been reported on this test set. Large-scale hyperparameter tuning and experimental trials across numerous studies likely add thousands of queries to the test data. Despite this excessive data reuse, recent replication studies (Recht et al., 2018, 2019; Yadav and Bottou, 2019) have shown that, while there are significant discrepancies in test results, the best performing models transfer rather gracefully to a newly produced test set collected from the same source according to the same protocol. To maintain statistical validity, what matters is not only the number of times that a test (or holdout) set has been accessed, but also how it is accessed. Modern machine learning practice is adaptive in its nature. Prior information about a model's performance on the test set inevitably influences future modeling choices and hyperparameter settings. Adaptive behavior, in principle, can have a radical effect on generalization. Standard concentration bounds teach us to expect a maximum error of O( √ log(k)/n) when estimating the means of k non-adaptively chosen bounded functions on a data set of size n. However, this upper bound sharply deteriorates to O( √ k/n) for adaptively chosen functions, an exponential loss in k. Moreover, there exists a sequence of adaptively chosen functions, what we will call an attack, that causes an estimation error of Ω( √ k/n) (Dwork et al., 2014). This suggests that, in principle, an analyst can overfit substantially to a test set after issuing relatively few queries to it. Powerful results in adaptive data analysis provide sophisticated holdout mechanisms that guarantee better error bounds through noise addition (Dwork et al., 2015) and limited feedback mechanisms (Blum and Hardt, 2015). However, the standard holdout method remains widely used in practice, ranging from machine learning benchmarks and data science competitions to validating scientific research and testing products during development. If the pessimistic bound were indicative of performance in practice, the holdout method would likely be much less useful than it is. It seems evident that additional factors prevent this worst-case overfitting from happening in practice. In Feldman et al. (2019), the authors demonstrate (theoretically and empirically) that,


CereportTM (RMP-7) is a selective bradykinin B receptor ago2 nist that increases the permeability of the blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB) to increase delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to brain tumors. Two experiments were performed in a rat glioma model to evaluate and refine intra-arterial dosing parameters using Cereport. The first experiment investigated whether desensitization or tachyphylaxis to the effects of Cereport on vascular permeability can be avoided during the course of super-selective, intracarotid drug administration. Super-selective administration may be used when two different arterial branches supply a single tumor in order to ensure that enough of the drug reaches the entire tumor. In this instance, the chemotherapeutic drug is infused separately and sequentially into each branch. This procedure necessitates an infusion duration that is sufficiently long to raise concerns that tachyphylaxis to B2 receptor stimulation might occur during the Cereport infusion. To study this possibility...


Researches on the history of modern Chinese village relief have been taken on since 1980s.Significant achievements have been obtained in the fields of village construction,reduction of wars and famines,social philanthropy and so on.However,there also exist many faults,such as the low level of study,unbalance of regional studies and uncompleted exploration of historical materials.


We evaluated the effects of hyperthermia on the efficiency of gene transduction by using a cationic liposome to develop an efficient method for lipofection. We used Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC), NIH3T3, and A549 cell lines, with Lipofectamine reagent as the cationic liposome and the LacZ gene as the reporter gene. In LLC, co-incubation of the cationic liposome and plasmid DNA complex (lipoplex) with the cells for 2 h at 41 degrees C enhanced the efficiency of gene transduction approximately 1.4-fold compared to incubation for 2 h at 37 degrees C, as measured by X-gal staining and beta-galactosidase activity. In cell lines NIH3T3 and A549, the efficiency of gene transduction showed a tendency toward enhancement after 2 h co-incubation with lipoplex at 41 degrees C compared to that at 37 degrees C, as measured by X-gal staining. This is the first study to demonstrate the enhancement of gene transduction efficiency achieved by using a cationic liposome under conditions of hyperthermia. This method should prove useful for lipofection in other cancer cells.