In this short note, we present some new existence results for a nonlinear fourth-order two-point boundary value problem with integral condition. The existence results are obtained by using the Leray-Schauder fixed point theorem. Our work improves the main results of Benaicha and Haddouchi \cite% {Benai}. In addition, examples are included to show the validity of our results.


Sepsis is a complex clinical syndrome, difficult to manage, characterized by a severe prognosis and burdened by high mortality (30-40% for severe sepsis, 4560% for septic shock).1-5 The estimated impact of septic syndrome (SS) in Europe is 90 cases for every 100,000 inhabitants, progressively increasing, both for the increased awareness of the sepsis problem and consequent heightened refinement of diagnostic procedures, and because of the changed characteristics of the population (average age increase, greater survival of patients suffering from debilitating chronic diseases, increased use of intravascular devices and indwelling bladder catheters, larger indications for immunosuppressive treatment).6-9 More and more often this phenomenon concerns the departments of Internal Medicine (IM), much more than those of intensive care units (ICUs) but frequently sepsis patients were admitted in Internal Medicine Units, as evidenced by increasing number of beds occupied by several elderly patients with sepsis in the Internal Medicine wards.10,11 SS significantly contributes to the increase in healthcare expenditure and hospitalization costs through an economic engagement, lately estimated at 7.6 billions in Europe and 17.4 billions Euros in the United States.10-12 Several studies have been carried out at international level in order to assess the costs of the management of patients with sepsis, both in ICU and other hospital wards. In the Italian context, studies highlight the lack of current assessments of running costs of this pathology, strictly conducted within a medical environment. Sepsis is an inflammatory disease, commonly diagnosed in Internal Medicine units, with a very high morbidity and mortality rate. From a series of epidemiological studies published in the last years is evident a considerable increase in the incidence of this condition.1-4 All information about epidemiology, management and prognosis derived from the same studies carried out in intensive care, is that there are very few observational and prospective studies that deal with sepsis in wards other than ICUs, such as Internal Medicine departments. Despite all this, a growing number of retrospective observations shows that patients with sepsis, and severe sepsis too, are regularly admitted in Internal Medicine wards, without the request for the ICU support. Unfortunately, only few data are available about the epidemiology management and prognosis of sepsis patients admitted to the Internal Medicine wards. Many studies report a significant increase in mortality in patients with sepsis or severe sepsis when not admitted to an intensive care setting. Most of these studies are retrospective and were performed before the implementation of the guidelines on the management of sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock.12 Information on sepsis management outside of intensive care is very limited. Only a few studies provided data on the clinical history of sepsis within internal Medicine units. In order to bridge this gap the Federation of Associations of Hospital Doctors on Internal Medicine (FADOI) performed a specific study, aimed to assess the shortterm mortality and to evaluate the prognostic risk factors in a large cohort of septic patients treated in internal medicine units, evaluating the diagnosis and treatment of types of bacteria involved in SS in Internal Medicine.13 Thirty-one Italian internal medicine units participated in the study. Within each participating unit, all admitted patients were screened for the presence of Septic syndrome within internal medicine units: finally we have our records!


The second chapter shifts from a general outline of the thesis concerning nature's extrinsicality in order to substantiate its plausibility. It begins with a reconstruction of the basal categories with which Hegel's philosophy of nature begins, i.e. space and time. Hegel frames space and time in terms of indeterminacy and externality such that we cannot speak of a distinct unit(y), or internality, of space or time, both features which are crucial to conceptuality and subjectivity. In this special sense, Hegelian nature begins in a void. Space-time displays an utter failure at auto-articulation. The chapter then outlines the duplicitous signification of Hegel's analysis. It argues that while Hegel's analysis is fundamentally concerned with conceptual discourse it is not solely concerned with discourse. Consequently, at an ontological level, the striking contingency of Hegelian nature. There is no necessity in advance that this or that thing emerges though definite ones certainly do, e.g. the objects of physics and those of mechanics. Instead, there is a contingent array of objects that thought references and then must, retroactively, construct an account of their necessary interrelations. However, this necessity is one that is posited retroactively and so displays the contingency of thought's narrative concerning necessity.


The market of tools for development of neural intelligent systems presented in thousands of software titles, due to multiple tasks of intelligent information processing . The paper provides an overview of tools that are applicable for development of neural components of intelligent security systems.


Congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries, which are rare causes of sudden death in infancy and childhood, are becoming increasingly recognized. The majority of cases involve abnormal origins or courses of the coronary arteries, but some have absence of one of the major vessels. Sudden death occurring in a healthy-appearing 2-month-old boy is reported. An unexpected finding at autopsy was absence of the proximal right coronary artery, emphasizing the need for meticulous examination of the coronary artery system in all cases.


The dynamic behavior of an electron-hole plasma undergoing pinching is discussed under the assumption that the compression heats the plasma with little energy loss to the lattice. Calculated pinch-times are in good agreement with observations at low and intermediate currents.


Introduction: Proprioception is the ability of perception between static and dynamic position of the body and its threads.
Objective: To analyze the focus of current publications and review content on assessment, treatment and prevention of proprioception kinetic functional recovery in sports.
Materials and Methods: Review of scientific journals of the past 12 years, through the descriptors: proprioception, athletic injuries and physiotherapy, in CAPES portal, in addition to a specific search in PEDro and Cochrane bases. Included studies were designed to assess, prevent or treat proprioception in possible injuries in sports; we excluded studies with less than 15 people.
Results: We found a total of 1412 articles. The 43 articles that met the criteria were tabulated and organized in conjunction addressed. Technological equipment and instruments with low complexity and cost may be useful to assess variables related to proprioception. Techniques that aim to increase muscle strength associated with static and dynamic balance seem to contribute to the proprioceptive system performance, improving stability and articulate defense.
Conclusions: The assessment, treatment and prevention of proprioception demonstrated high relevance in maintaining balance, joint stability and control of eccentric muscle strength being very important in the recovery kinetic functional injuries and athletic performance. The joints of the hip and wrist / hand lack of studies about it. Injury prevention, comparisons between interventions, particularly long-term studies, and studies on proprioceptive physiotherapy hydrotherapy, or specific to a sport could enrich current scientific content.


This article introduces a modified version of the Hinich and Patterson (1995) windowed-test procedure and uses it to detect linear and nonlinear dependencies in the case of six Central and East European stock markets. Testing the original methodology leads us to the same conclusions as those found on other emerging markets: relatively long random walk periods are interrupted by short and intense linear and/or nonlinear correlations. But, our findings diverge when we run the modified test procedure, additional windows rejecting the random walk hypothesis (RWH) being isolated. This divergence, heavily weighing the task of correctly evaluating the informational efficiency degree (the weak form), is significant for the Czech, Hungarian and Romanian markets.


SUMMARY We present the results of global measurements of spheroidal and toroidal fundamental mode eigenfrequencies as well as fundamental spheroidal mode attenuation made from a data set consisting primarily of records from the Geoscope network. Data processing includes variable filtering and account is taken of higher order effects along the dispersion branch. Local frequency and attenuation maps are first obtained, as a function of angular order, by a regionalization scheme based on the introduction of a correlation length. In a second step, after correction for shallow-layer effects, shear velocity maps at different depths in the mantle are obtained by simultaneous inversion of spheroidal and toroidal local frequency maps. The results confirm the correlation of shear velocity with large-scale tectonic features in the first 200 km of the mantle. Below that depth, the maps are dominated by a degree-2 pattern whose power is peaked around a depth of 300 km, shallower than inferred in the first 3-D global studies of the upper mantle, and correlated with a degree 2 in attenuation, thus confirming the results of our earlier study of degree 2 in the upper mantle. We also report estimates of spherically averaged eigenfrequencies for fundamental spheroidal and toroidal mode branches.


Degrees of social status are closely linked to health inequalities. Those with poor health tend to fall into poverty and the poor tend to have poor health. According to the World Health Organization, within countries those of lower social economic strata have the worst health outcomes. Health also appears to have a strong social component linking it to education and access to information. In terms of health, poverty includes low income, low education, social exclusion and environmental decay. The poor within most countries are trapped in a cycle in which poverty breeds ill health and ill health breeds poverty. Any Time Medicine Vending Machine is although not a new concept in its entirety, it could prove to be useful and hence important in developing countries like India where healthcare is almost critical.


Dispersive pulse transmission and pulse compression upon reception is frequently used in radar to achieve high energy per pulse with low peak power while maintaining large bandwidth for fine range resolution. Pulse compression results in range sidelobes that must be suppressed for many applications. While suppression methods exist, they are very sensitive to unknown doppler shift, a situation frequently encountered in weather radar applications. We present a method for alleviating the doppler sensitivity. The method consists of processing a sequence of pulse echoes in three steps: (1) Pulse to pulse doppler filter in a doppler filter bank (usually an FFT); (2) heterodyning each doppler output from the bank with a signal that removes the doppler phase variation across the uncompressed pulse, i.e., along the range dimension; (3) pulse compression and range sidelobe suppression based upon zero doppier design. The particular criterion of sideloble suppression in this paper is minimization of integrated sidelobe level. INTRODUCTION Radars that are peak power limited to low or moderate levels may use dispersive pulse transmission and pulse compression upon reception to achieve high energy per pulse with low peak power. The dispersive transmission enables high bandwidth to be achieved for fine range resolution. The fine range resolution is obtained in the receiver by pulse compression or matched filtering. Matched filtering results in range sidelobes that can be troublesome in an extended clutter environment because of clutter "flooding" into the range increment being examined for the presence of scatterers and for the measurement of the charateristics of these scatterers. While there exist techniques for suppressing range sidelobes, these techniques are very sensitive to doppler frequency shifts in the echo. This is particularly significant in radar meteorology where the reflectors of interest are extended collections of small scatterers, such as precipitation. For mapping reflectivity, clutter "flooding" from range sidelobes can obscure the proper measurement of scatterer properties in the desired range increment. Sidelobe suppression in pulse compression radars is, in many respects, an established art, but there are some limitations to known techniques having to do with doppler shifted echoes. In previous approaches to range sidelobe suppression the varying phase shift, due to a doppler frequency shift over the duration of the uncompressed pulse, has been neglected. It has been thought to be too small to have a significant effect. We have found, however, that it is quite significant in that even moderate doppler shifts destroy the sidelobe suppression. Analysis and computation show that the quantity controlling the doppler sensitivity is the product of the uncompressed pulse duration and the doppler frequency shift. This product is measured by the doppler phase shift over the uncompressed pulse duration. Calling this the "doppler phase variation" we have doppler phase variation = 2nfdT, radians where fd is the doppler frequency shift in hertz and To is the uncompressed pulse duration in seconds. If the doppler frequency shift could be confined to a narrow band, then time sidelobe suppression could be very effective. Therefore, the technique or techniques to be described here separate sequences of echoes into several doppler "bins", and time (i.e., range) sidelobe suppression is applied to each of the doppler bins. OUTLINE OF THE TECHNIQUE The technique is outlined in Figure 1. The received signal is downmixed to yield the complex envelope (I+jQ) which is then sampled by an N D converter. The next step is doppler filtering by K doppler channels using a pulse to pulse DFT to separate the groups of returns about the center doppler frequency of each filter. The doppler filter outputs still contain the doppler phase shifts along the range. Each doppler filter output is multiplied by a complex exponential giving the phase shift corresponding to the center frequency of the doppler filter to remove the doppler phase shift across the pulse. This doppler phase shift removal in the range dimension is crucial because it turns out that the sidelobe suppression doppler sensitivity results from the doppler phase shift over the duration of the uncompressed pulse. The resulting waveform is passed to the pulse compression and range sidelobe suppression filter. The compression and suppression filter design corresponds to the type of code transmitted with zero doppler on the return. The K filters operate in parallel to cover frequencies evenly distributed in the desired doppler velocity band [-Vmax,Vmax]. Because of the removal of the doppler phase shift after each doppler filter, the compression and suppression filters have a common design, being designed for zero doppler. We consider this to be an important aspect because it simplifies manufacture. The design of the combined pulse compression and range sidelobe suppression can take several forms; one form that we chose is a cascade of pulse compression followed by sidelobe suppression. The criteria upon which the suppressors may be designed include: 1. Minimizing the peak sidelobe. 2. Minimizing the integrated square of the sidelobes. DOPPLER FILTER RECEIVED COMPLEX ENVELOPE I +jQ ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERSION ZERO DOPPLER PULSE BANK COMPRESSION AND SIDELOBE 1 SUPPRESSION FILTERS BXP I-iZnflr?gl .--ITO ENVELOPE DETECTORS AND FURTHER PROCESSING F exp k i 2 n f ~ 1 r q ) Figure 1. Block diagram of doppler tolerant range sidelobe suppression. f,, fi, . . ., fKp1 are the doppler filter center frequencies. r is the integer time index.z, = range sampling period. 206 91-72810/92$03.00 0 IEEE 1992 3. Suppressing completely the sidelobes in a specified interval In this paper, we report only on the results using the second criterion. The integrated square of the sidelobes is called the "integrated sidelobe level" (ISL). The criterion on minimizing ISL is particularly appropriate when the interfering echoes or clutter is range extensive. In such a case, the interfering clutter power, for uniform clutter extent, is proportional to ISL. The suppression filter is designed in the form of a transversal filter (i.e., a finite impulse response filter). The design equations yield the coefficients or weights that are applied to the taps of the transversal filter. An outline of the derivation of the suppression filter coefficients is given in the Appendix. around the principal. RESULTS Figure 2 shows what conventional range sidelobe suppression can achieve when the echo has no doppler shift. Figure 3 shows the sensitively of sidelobe suppression to doppler sliift calulated for an 11 cm radar and a 33 microsecond transmitted pulse. This figure shows that while very great sidelobe suppression is achievable when the doppler frequency is known, the suppression is extremely sensitive to (unknown) doppler shift. Figure 4 compares the suppresssion capabilities of conventional and our doppler tolerant method of range sidelobe suppression. The superiority of the latter is evident. Figure 5 shows the loss in signal to noise ratio to be expected as a function of the number of suppression filter coefficients. For very deep sidelobe suppression, a loss of approximately 3 dB is to be expected.


A secondary battery pack, the battery cell with a negative terminal and positive terminal characters are formed on the one surface including a seal surplus described in the present application; And the negative electrode with the through cut the negative terminal and the cathode terminal includes a protection circuit module (PCM) is connected to the battery cells electrically, the PCM is, a protection circuit is formed and a positive terminal connecting portion to be connected with the negative terminal and the positive terminal terminal connecting unit through a location board, and the opened one surface, which comprises a PCM casing configured to accommodated to surround the substrate, wherein the substrate is coupled to the negative terminal and the positive terminal of the battery cell through the cathode terminal and the anode terminal connection and the substrate is, and in the parallel laid state and the battery cells are PCM case housing the substrate, and that the PCM case housing the substrate with the sealing Ying whether or not the battery cell, sealing the open surface of the PCM case It comprises a cap of electrically insulating to.


In several murine studies, supplemental or fortificant iron, that is used for human consumption, has been shown to promote colon tumorigenesis in mice. How this translates to humans is not clear but deserves careful investigation. Here, we studied how different potential oral iron compounds affected the growth of human colon cancer cells. The growth rate of intestinal adeno‐carcinoma cells (Caco‐2 and HT29) was monitored until confluence. In addition, the expression of 87 different cancer‐related proteins were investigated by antibody arrays. Surprisingly, we identified an iron compound that actually limited the growth rate of human cancer cells and the array data indicate that changes in cell cycle control may be implicated. This compound could play a role in colorectal cancer prevention, perhaps even as a food fortificant, and merits further investigation.


There are several reports on the synthesis of alkylamines, but most of the reported methods are not suitable for the synthesis of hindered amines. In this research, we found that a copper catalyst is effective for the formation of congested C-N bonds at room temperature. Control experiments revealed that a copper amide is a key intermediate. Moreover, when a chiral amine was used, a quaternary carbon stereogenic center was created with good selectivity.


Augmented marked graphs possess some structural characteristics which are desirable for modelling shared-resource systems. This paper investigates the compositional synthesis of augmented marked graphs via a set of common resource places. It is shown that the synthesis preserves boundedness and conservativeness while liveness and reversibility can be preserved under a pretty simple condition. This can be applied to component-based system design, where a system is synthesised from a set of subsystems via common resources. By modelling the subsystems as augmented marked graphs and synthesising them via the corresponding resource places, based on the property-preserving features of this compositional synthesis, the properties of the integrated system can be readily derived.


Machine-to-Machine communication (M2M) is nowadays increasingly becoming a world-wide network of interconnected devices uniquely addressable, via standard communication protocols. The prevalence of M2M is bound to generate a massive volume of heterogeneous, multisource, dynamic, and sparse data, which leads a system towards major computational challenges, such as, analysis, aggregation, and storage. Moreover, a critical problem arises to extract the useful information in an efficient manner from the massive volume of data. Hence, to govern an adequate quality of the analysis, diverse and capacious data needs to be aggregated and fused. Therefore, it is imperative to enhance the computational efficiency for fusing and analyzing the massive volume of data. Therefore, to address these issues, this article proposes an efficient, multidimensional, big data analytical architecture based on the fusion model. The basic concept implicates the division of magnitudes (attributes), i.e., big datasets with complex magnitudes can be altered into smaller data subsets using five levels of the fusion model that can be easily processed by the Hadoop Processing Server, resulting in formalizing the problem of feature extraction applications using earth observatory system, social networking, or networking applications. Moreover, a four-layered network architecture is also proposed that fulfills the basic requirements of the analytical architecture. The feasibility and efficiency of the proposed algorithms used in the fusion model are implemented on Hadoop single-node setup on UBUNTU 14.04 LTS core i5 machine with 3.2GHz processor and 4GB memory. The results show that the proposed system architecture efficiently extracts various features (such as land and sea) from the massive volume of satellite data.


I held my jersey in front of me to hide my body. He then told me to "take off the jockey shorts too." I obeyed. I held my jersey in front of my pelvic area in an attempt to hide my nakedness. At this point in time I was wearing no clothes. There was a table located next to us. P. C. Teasdale then told me to rest all my clothing on the said table. I was now completely naked and facing the officers. I attempted to hide my nudity with my hands. I was then told by P. C. Teasdale to move my hands from in front of me. I removed my hands. They both looked at me and started to laugh very loud. They ridiculed me. P. C. Teasdale then said to me "that you playing man and that small cuckoo you have" referring to the size of my penis. P. C. Teasdale then told me to squat on the floor facing them in full view of them. During this incident we were in full view of anyone who desired to pass along the corridor. Throughout this entire incident I was kept standing in the outer area of the cells. I was scared and totally embarrassed. — Testimony of Kennty Dave Mitchell, Civil Appeal No. 118 of 2007


A height-adjustable bath heating lamp is characterized in that a ceiling fixing disk is connected with a telescopic support, a ceiling fixing screw is arranged on the ceiling fixing disk, the telescopic support is connected with a bath heating lamp fixing disk, the bath heating lamp fixing disk is connected with the bath heating lamp through screws, and a height-adjustable handle is arranged on the lateral side of the bath heating lamp. The height-adjustable bath heating lamp has the advantages that in bath, the bath heating lamp can be contracted on a ceiling; when arthritis and waist and leg pain are treated, the bath heating lamp can be pulled down to irradiate focus portions; and multiple purposes of the height-adjustable bath heating lamp are achieved.


This paper is aiming at an analysis of Rural Development Programs (RDP) in Turkey with special reference to EU Rural Development Policies, Programs and implementations. Concerning to Turkish Programs, it has been reported that over the last 30 years and more particularly during the planned Development Period, special efforts have been made to gain Rural development experience in Turkey. In each five year Development Planning period (DPP), particular goals and instruments of policy for both agricultural development and that of rural areas have been specified and determined. Integrated Rural development Projects and some other typical Rural Development Projects have also been implemented in line with the targets given in each planning period.


On the mode of action of rotenone upon the cell respiration and the structural pattern of the chloride cells of the gills of the rotenone-poisoned marine teleost Gadus callarias L.


A Low Field W&R (Wind and React) conductor, developed in the frame of the conceptual design studies for the Toroidal Field (TF) coils of DEMO, has been designed to be constituted of a small number of superconducting Nb3Sn strands and a high number of stabilization copper wires. It has been extensively characterized at the SULTAN facility at Swiss Plasma Center (SPC) in February 2021. The conductor has been operated up to its target current, 70.8 kA, and characterized up to a background magnetic field of 10.78 T. The test program included AC loss measurements, current sharing temperature (Tcs) and critical current (Ic) measurements before and after cyclic loading. Critical temperature (Tc) measurements were performed on the virgin conductor at the beginning and at the end of the test campaign. In this work we are focusing on the DC characterization, while the AC measurements analysis will be the object of a following work. Concerning DC tests, premature quench phenomena prevented from operating the conductor at the target current – field conditions. Nevertheless, at lower currents Tcs stability was observed, with no performance degradation due to cycling. The present paper investigates these results and tries to give an explanation through measurements and tomographic analysis. Furthermore, the achieved strain distribution in the conductor, obtained by means of inductive measurements analysis, will be shown. The implications of the design approach on the performance, based on the outcome of such tests, are discussed.


This paper describes the expansion of higher education (HE) in OECD countries and discusses its economic consequences. For most governments this expansion has been seen as the silver bullet that improves economic growth and helps tackle problems of inequality. However, in most countries increasing numbers of graduates are going into jobs that were once done by non-graduates, raising the concern that the true social returns to HE expansion are low. Because of this it is unsurprising that economists have found it difficult to establish firm links between higher education expansion and economic growth. At the same time, in some countries, HE expansion has exacerbated problems of economic and social inequality. The paper argues that governments need to take a more realistic view of the role of HE, consider alternative ways of preparing people for the labour market, and at the same time explore more rigorously exactly how the sector is conducting itself.


A standard component in our junior-level vibrations course is a design project. This project is generally an extended homework assignment where student teams are given a somewhat partially-defined or open-ended problem to analyze, with the outcome of providing specific design recommendations appropriate to the nature of the problem assigned. Many times, these design problems are chosen from those provided in some undergraduate textbooks. This paper, however, describes an experiment in which the design problem given to the students is based on a sponsored research project conducted by the faculty member and his graduate students. The research project involved the development of acoustic velocity sensors to replace pressuremeasuring hydrophones in a submarine sonar system. As a starting point for the design project, the undergraduates are given the results of an advanced analytical model that predicts the ideal behavior of the velocity sensors operating in water. Based on these model results, the students were then given two tasks: 1) define the necessary characteristics of a sensor mounting system that would allow the sensor to function as desired; and 2) design a suspension system that would allow for the necessary mounting behavior, and provide the physical interface between the replacement sensors and the existing sensor support system. The actual physical dimensions and weights of the various system components were given to the students as constraints in their design development. The educational goal of this effort was to engage students in a challenging and timely project that combines vibration analysis along with creative design opportunities. In addition to the normal grading of the students' reports, a specially designed assessment tool was implemented to gauge the students' reaction to the use of this kind of design project. Specific topics of interest include: 1) is this kind of project perceived to be more relevant (realworld vs. 'academic'); 2) to what extent does the research-based element affect the students' perceptions and opinions about the value of the project; and 3) does this kind of project contribute to the students' desire to be engaged in undergraduate research?


Ab s t r a c t Katowice Housing Cooperative (the Polish acronym: KSM) was founded in 1957. Its assets include 17 housing estates and nowadays it is still making new investments. The scope of the paper is the discussion of KSM's strategy in response to global changes affecting the city of Katowice. The paper describes the evolution of the Cooperative's activities since the 1950s until the early 21th century, conditioned by factors specific for the 1950s and the 1960s – great demand for flats, migrations of labour, rapid reconstruction of the country and its industry after World War II damages, the 1970s – the most favourable circumstances for the operation of housing cooperatives, the 1980s – the collapse of heavy industry, unemployment, the 1990s – the change of the political system in Poland, opening of the borders, migrations for work, introduction of the free market economy, shrinkage of cooperative housing initiatives, the 21th century – resurgence of cooperatives in Poland.


Monopolies make their presence felt in a market economy, not necessarilythrough 100% ownership control of a market, nor less, because there is a law thatsanction its existence; in most cases, the existence of a monopoly and hence its corollary,i.e. monopoly power, has as the primary cause the presence of market imperfections, thatis if those are present on the long term, become state of fact. Thus, in our approach, weconsider that to bet appropriate to release the mechanism of a monopoly, based on amathematical tool, which begins from the immutable economic concepts of monopoly.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe non-specialised, group-based interventions in displaced populations from reviewed literature, and to explore their outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach
A literature review was conducted using the PubMed database, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, and defined "grey literature". Characteristics of the interventions were summarised into a table under key categories such as targeted persons, study setting, level of evidence, outcome measures, assessment tools used and summary of results.

Findings
In total, 11 articles were identified stemming from nine separate interventions. Three of these were considered level 1 evidence as they were randomised controlled trials. The described interventions were markedly heterogeneous in nature and produced diverse findings. There were noted methodological issues in the majority of interventions reviewed.

Originality/value
This original research has demonstrated clear need for research that uses robust methodology accounting for the complex and challenging nature of this context.


Due to the use of active and standby machines to process all real-time data at the same time, the existing data acquisition and monitoring (SCADA) system faces severe challenges in terms of data throughput, real-time performance, scalability, and reliability. In-depth research has been conducted on the storage of massive amounts of dynamic sensing data in large-scale smart grids, and the objective requirements of smart grids for data transmission, storage and query have been fully considered, and a distributed data storage method has been proposed to deal with it. The storage strategy for the massive data generated during the operation of the smart grid. Experiments have verified the low latency and high throughput advantages of the framework.


We implemented and analyzed the battery lifetime optimization problem for wireless healthcare systems and showed that task assignment can play a major role in energy management. In the static case, where system parameters are fixed (e.g. processing and communication latency), the assignment of tasks to heterogeneous nodes in the system significantly affects performance and the level of available energy. Since task binding and scheduling problems are NP hard [1], heuristic algorithms are needed for practical solutions. Furthermore, the overall system characteristics are dynamically changing - the availability of the wireless network and its throughput, battery capacity of various nodes in the system, the user's needs, etc. To address the dynamic aspects of the system and the resource constrained nature of the mobile nodes, we will implement a heuristic algorithm to achieve a longer battery lifetime of the system. We plan to evaluate the performance of the heuristic and compare it against the optimal solutions produced by the ILP.


Abstract The paper aims to bring into discussion the relationship between informal e-communication and formal writing, focusing on the use of SMS language, which is in a constant evolution, particularly among the young generations. SMS language is also a controversial topic today: some linguists and teachers are concerned that this abbreviated language, with its carefree spelling, its poor punctuation and grammar and its paucity of vocabulary is a real menace to students' quality of writing; others, on the contrary, consider it inspiring and useful as students with a good command of texting also possess a broader facility for language. But what do students have to say about the topic? In order to gain insight into how they view the role and impact of texting on their writing, a questionnaire was distributed to a group of army cadets. The answers show that although text messaging is widely used and is an important tool of communication among young people, students consider that it has a negligible impact on their overall writing abilities and they strongly appreciate the value of writing for their future career.


A scheme for calculating nuclear magnetic resonance spin−spin coupling constants has been implemented in the Amsterdam density functional program system. The applicability of the frozen-core approximation is discussed, and an orbital analysis shows that the core orbitals of one of the nuclei can be significant. Results calculated with a modest Slater-type (exponential) basis set are presented. It is shown that calculations of couplings to transition-metal nuclei are feasible.


The flux of dissolved iron from sediments to the water column was measured with flux chambers along the California coast over a five‐year period. High fluxes were observed from sediments on the continental shelf. The measured fluxes were an average of 75 times larger than flux values derived from pore‐water iron gradients. The iron flux was significantly correlated with the oxidation of organic matter, which allows an extrapolation to the global shelf. The input from shelf sediments is at least as significant as the global input of dissolved iron from aerosols, which has been presumed to be the dominant external iron source. Evidence of this input is seen 100's of kilometers offshore where it can enable the high productivity of broad coastal regions seen in satellite images.


Solving the floating-point equation x ⊗ y = z, where x, y and z belong to floating-point intervals, is a common task in automated reasoning for which no efficient algorithm is known in general. We show that it can be solved by computing a constant number of floating-point factors, and give a constant-time algorithm for computing successive normal floating-point factors of normal floating-point numbers in radix 2. This leads to a constant-time procedure for solving the given equation.


It is very important for knowing the drug effects on sleep to search for not only the self-assessments of sleep on the nights when the drugs were administered but also the electrophysiologically recorded sleep on these nights. Concerned with these studies, many kinds of experimental designs have been used.The authors undertook the cross over design for investigating the effects of the new triazolobenzodiazepine derivative, estazolam on the all-night sleep pattern. In the present study, problems on choice of the baseline nights and the values of sleep parameters which offered more suitable informations on drug effects, were reported.Four healthy, male adults, ranging in ages from 29 to 40 years, were subjected to this study. The subjects were administered placebo on the first and the second nights and the active drugs on the third night and placebo on the fourth night, again by double-blind method.Sleep records were obtained on these four consecutive nights. These trials were repeated four times for each subject.In the second placebo nights (P2), total sleep time and stage REM tended to increase and stage 4 tended to decrease, compared with the first placebo nights (P1). So, it was suggested to be more suitable to choose P2 as baseline value rather (P1 + P2) /2, for P1 was more biased than P2.The two values: (D-P2) /P2 (D: drug night) and (D-P2) were compared to obtain such values that offered more abundant informations on drug efficacies.There were no great differences between these two values. But, (D-P2) /P2were unlikely to be suitably corrected, because for example, as to total sleep time, P2 was inversely correlated to (D-P2).From these results, it is concluded that in the present study it is suitable to use P2 as the baseline values and to use (D-P2) for studying the drug efficacies.


Relationships between pretraining skills, ease of learning, and later posttest performance were assessed in both spatial (i.e., block design) and verbal (i.e., similarities) task domains. Eighty-four preschool children (M = 4 years 11 months, range = 4 years 0 months to 5 years 6 months) were given pretests, training, and posttests on block design and similarities tasks. Two measurement models and four structural models were tested to determine (a) if pretest, learning and posttest performances were domain specific, and (b) if paths from both pretests and learning assessments were needed to predict posttest performance. The measurement model that fit the data maintained separate verbal and spatial domains. The structural model that best fit the data included paths from both pretest and learning assessments to posttest performances within each domain. Thus, L. S. Vygotsky's (1978) claim that pretest and learning assessments together are better indicators of an individual's ability than either measure alone was supported.


The following accounts of a dramatic but localised storm in the east of this parish on 31 August 1810 have recently been discovered. The first reference is found in an unpublished chronicle of a milling and farming family associated with Stone Mill, near Roche Abbey in the ancient parish of Maltby. (It may be original or it may, possibly, incorporate matter from a local press report. It was transcribed by Mike Sparling and is reproduced with his permission.)


Reciprocal translocations are the most common structural rearrangements in humans. In this study, we present the results of a cytogenetic analysis performed on a couple, who were referred to our laboratory with three abortions and one intrauterine death in their reproductive history. We found a normal karyotype (46,XY) in male, and balanced reciprocal translocation [46,XX,t(2;9)(q22;q22),inv(9)(p11q13)] in the female. In about 4% of couples with recurrent miscarriage one partner carries either a balanced reciprocal translocation or a robertsonian translocation. Thus, cytogenetic analyses should be recommended in couples with recurrent miscarriages.


A practical synthetic route for pilot production of entecavir is described. It is safe, robust, and scalable to kilogram scale. Starting from (S)-(+)-carvone, this synthetic route consists of a series of highly efficient reactions including a Favorskii rearrangement-elimination-epimerization sequence to establish the cyclopentene skeleton, the Baeyer–Villiger oxidation/rearrangement to afford the correct configuration of the secondary alcohol, and a directed homoallylic epoxidation followed by epoxide ring-opening to introduce the hydroxyl group suitable for the Mitsunobu reaction. In addition, the synthesis contains only four brief chromatographic purifications.


The daily activity of a society embedded in the digital environment imputes organizations increasing attention. The new digital technologies are making the power of decentralized information, and you can not let go of the power associated with the spread of internet and mobile technology to transfer the company the option of choice and especially the power of information is displayed in the media earlier ruling. In this new context has been defined a new way of consuming, with the support of digital environments. This paper aims to propose methods of measurement of


The clustering is an important mechanism thai provides information for mobile nodes efficiently and improves the processing capacity for routing and the allocation of bandwidth. This paper proposes a clustering scheme based on the fuzzy relevance degree to solve problems such as node distribution found in the dynamic property due to mobility and flat structure and to enhance the routing performance. The proposed scheme uses the fuzzy relevance degree, , to select the cluster head for clustering in FSV (Fuzzy State Viewing) structure. The fuzzy relevance plays the role in CH selection that processes the clustering in FSV. The proposed clustering scheme is used to solve problems found in existing 1-hop and 2-hop clustering schemes. NS-2 simulator is used to verify the performance of the proposed scheme by simulation. In the simulation the proposed scheme is compared with schemes such as Lowest-ID, MOBIC, and SCA. The simulation result showed that the proposed scheme has better performance than the other existing compared schemes.


ABSTRACT Living with cultural, religious, and ideological diversity inevitably creates situations where people are confronted with beliefs, values, or practices that they disapprove of. In such situations, people may consider reasons to nevertheless tolerate what they disapprove of (i.e., forbearance tolerance), or reject these (i.e., intolerance). In the current review, we consider empirical research on the processes of intergroup tolerance and consider different manifestations of (in)tolerance. Then we discuss recent work on the dual process model of tolerance, which considers intuitive versus deliberative objections to cultural, religious, and ideological differences, and how these can be overridden to produce tolerance. We then review literature on the boundaries of tolerance including the role of moralization and moral values, before considering individual difference factors and situations of threat that can hamper intergroup tolerance. We conclude by considering five areas ripe for future exploration on the social psychology of intergroup tolerance and intolerance.


Gingival recession represents a serious problem, for both patient and physician, especially when exposure of the radicular surface is related to the deterioration of the aesthetic aspect and to a more pronounced dental hyper‐ sensitivity. Scope of the study: to determine the preva‐ lence and severity of recessions in young adults, correlated with the local dental, as well as socio‐economic and cultu‐ ral conditions. Materials and method: A number of 85 persons, having addressed the Department of Perio‐ dontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine of Iasi, between February‐May 2011, were examined. The following para‐ meters were recorded: sex, education level, total number of gingival recessions at the level of the oral cavity, type of brush employed, frequency of dental brushing, amount of attached gingiva, existence of labial phrenum, type of occlusion, presence of certain complications induced by the manifestation of recessions, such as hypersensitivity. Results and discussion: Analysis and correlation of data showed that the most important role in the occurrence of recessions was played by the local factors, which intensi‐ fied the action of the determining element, the bacterial plaque. Thus, the nature of periodontal recessions is of inflammatory type, those with traumatic causes being sta‐ tistically non‐significant. The type of periodontium influ‐ enced the development of recessions, so that, for a delicate periodontium, 10.4 recessions/patient have been discove‐ red, while, in a thick periodontium, only 7 recessions/ patient. In cases of phrenectomies with insertion in the vicinity of the gingival margin, recessions of various sizes have been always present. In cases of dental occlusion, the obtained data suggest that the occurrence of recessions is not considerably influenced by the type of occlusion, the values being quite close. As to their sizes, most of the reces‐ sions were situated at a level of 2‐3 mm, a significant decre‐ ase being observed at levels exceeding 4 or 5 mm. A complication accompanying recessions in 39.96% of the affected teeth was hypersensitivity. Conclusions. Recessi‐ ons represent a complex pathology, with multiple etiology, sometimes difficult to identify, with special implications in the establishment of a therapeutical plan. Monitoriza‐ tion of the young adult, alongwith a precocious identifica‐ tion of the lesions and of their etiology may be therefore a STATISTICAL STUDY ON THE PREVALENCE OF GINGIVAL RECESSION IN YOUNG ADULTS Oana POTÂRNICHIE1, Sorina SOLOMON2, Liliana PĂSĂRIN1, Alexandra MÂRŢU3, Diana‐Cristala NIŢESCU4, Silvia MÂRŢU5 1. Univ. assist., PhD, "Gr.T. Popa" UMPh Iasi, Periodontology 2. Lecturer, PhD,"Gr.T. Popa" UMPh Iasi, Periodontology 3. Student, "Gr.T. Popa" UMPh Iasi, Dental Medicine 4. Trainee Physician, "Gr.T. Popa" UMPh Iasi, Dento‐alveolar Surgery 5. Prof., PhD,"Gr.T. Popa" UMPh Iasi, Periodontology Contact person: Potârnichie Oana ‐ email@example.com starting point for the preservation of a healthy periodontal status.


Adaptive induction of thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) is essential for the survival of mammals after birth. We herein show that G-coupled receptor protein-120 (GPR120) expression is dramatically induced after birth in mouse BAT. GPR120 expression in neonatal BAT is the highest among GPR120-expressing tissues in mouse at any developmental stage tested. The induction of GPR120 in neonatal BAT is caused by the postnatal thermal stress rather than by the initiation of suckling. GPR120-null neonates were found to be relatively intolerant to cold: close to one-third did not survive at 21ºC, but all such pups survived at 25ºC. Heat production in BAT was significantly impaired in GPR120-null pups. Deficiency in GPR120 did not modify brown adipocyte morphology or the anatomical architecture of BAT, as assessed by electron microscopy, but instead impaired the expression of UCP1 and the fatty acid oxidation capacity of neonatal BAT. Moreover, GPR120 deficiency impaired FGF21 gene expression in BAT and reduced plasma FGF21 levels. These results indicate that GPR120 is essential for neonatal adaptive thermogenesis through the control of the FGF21 system.


This paper describes a sequential procedure for processing registered range and intensity data to detect and extract regions that correspond to planar surfaces in a scene.


Broadband microwave frequency doublers employing beam-lead Schottky barrier diodes in a novel planar balun configuration are presented. The doubler circuits can be scaled to different frequency bands. Two circuits have been developed with a nominal output power of +11 dBm covering the 6-18 GHz and 10-27 GHz bands, respectively. The output power level is sufficient to provide local oscillator power for unbiased single-balanced mixers. Excellent performance was achieved, combined with a wide operating bandwidth and flat frequency response. A minimal conversion loss of 8.4 dB and an output frequency ratio exceeding 1:3 were achieved. The high fundamental frequency isolation is of special note. A reverse operation mode is presented. It allows one to optimize the performance at low input power levels by forward-biasing the diodes.<<ETX>>


This article attempts to show through correlative methods that public theology has brought in a new awareness of the relevance of theology in post-colonial Botswana and indeed in Africa as a whole. Correlative methods makes public theology a relevant tool of economic empowerment for the voiceless Basarwa as it seeks to influence public policy through engaging with socioeconomic and political issues from a Christian and contextual perspective. Public theology through correlative methods acknowledges that while it is important to recognise significant gains made in the political sphere and a relatively present culture of democracy, some sections of Batswana, particularly Basarwa, remains voiceless because of their economic marginalisation. The article therefore, attempts to locate through this method the role of public theology in economic empowerment for the voiceless Basarwa in post-independent Botswana. It sets out to argue that voicelessness is linked socioeconomic and political injustices. The article concludes that public theological approaches shed a better light onto economic issues because the Christian faith/theology which is so pronounced, not only in Botswana but in many African countries, is a culture that encourages equality among all people regardless of their colour, gender, sex and ethnic background.


The computer simulation on formation of methane hydrate of clathrate hydrate type I is carried out by molecular dynamics method. The simulated objective is a single cubic unit cell of hydrate type I containing 46 water and 8 methane molecules. The initial configuration is that 46 water molecules is randomly located in the cubic cell of length 12.0A. The MCY and LJ potential model is used for interaction between water molecules and between different molecules. After 26ps running time, methane hydrate is formed at 275K. The stereo computer animation for whole process of molecules' motion approaching to hydrate structure is obtained in conclusion.


Introduction:
 The application of deep learning to stroke image analysis (and medical images in general) faces two major challenges: first, it requires a large number of images to train, which is difficult to obtain. Second, the accurate outlining of infarcts is tedious, requires a high level of expertise, is subjective and error prone. The purpose of this work was to produce a large set of diffusion-weighted images (DWI) with perfectly defined realistic-appearing synthetic acute stroke lesions and to compare the segmentation performance of a deep neural network trained on these DWI scans with synthetic stroke lesions to a network trained on DWI scans of real stroke patients with stroke lesions manually outlined by neuroradiologists.

 Methods:
 449 DWI scans with stroke lesions (72 ± 14y) and 2027 normal DWI scans (38 ± 24y) were coregistered, resampled, cropped to 96 x 80 x 40 voxels, normalized and divided into training/testing sets (80/20%). Stroke lesions were manually segmented by 3 neuroradiologists. 2000 synthetic 3D stroke DWI were produced by fusing thresholded (min 8%) signal increase of random DWI lesions to random coregistered normal DWI (
 A
 ). A 3D U-Net (Tensorflow, depth 3, initial 64 feature maps doubled with each downsampling, bottleneck 3; hyperparameters optimized with cross-validation) was trained separately on 3 datasets: human-labeled real stroke cases (HL); 2000 synthetic cases (S); human-labeled real stroke cases + 2000 synthetic cases (HL+S).

 Results:
 The model trained on the human-labeled real stroke cases + 2000 synthetic cases (average dice coefficient between 300 and 600 epochs= 0.66±0.14) significantly outperformed the model trained on the 2000 synthetic cases only (0.60±0.14) and the model trained on human-labeled real stroke cases only (0.55±0.18; p<10
 -29
 for all comparisons) (
 B-C
 ).

 Conclusions:
 Deep learning segmentation of acute stroke lesions was significantly improved and was more stable by using synthetically generated images.


Let n̄ = (n1,…nr). The quotient space Pn¯:=Sn1×…×Snr/(x¯~−x¯) is what we call a projective product space. We determine the integral cohomology ring H* (Pn̄) and the action of the Steenrod algebra on H* (Pn̄; ℤ2). We give a splitting of Σ Pn̄ in terms of stunted real projective spaces, and determine when Sni is a product factor of Pn̄. We relate the immersion dimension and span of Pn̄ to the much‐studied sectioning question for multiples of the Hopf bundle over real projective spaces. We show that the immersion dimension of Pn̄ depends only on min(ni), ∑ ni, and r, and determine its precise value unless all ni ⩾ 10. We also determine exactly when Pn̄ is parallelizable.


"The Niger Bend is to West Africa what the Nile Valley is to Egypt: an ecological treasure and a civilization magnet ... The intensive and extensive human activity that has taken place along the banks of the river Niger in this region for thousands of years has left behind its traces in a large number of archaeological sites ... Over the past 600-700 years another legacy has been gradually accumulating: that of the literate culture of Islam symbolized by the extraordinary richness of private collections of Arabic manuscripts that still survive".1


A specific polyclonal antibody (A-E1) for estrone and another broad-spectrum antibody (A-17E2) for estrone, estradiol and estriol were studied systemly to establish a direct ELISA method for the determination of estrone. For A-E1 and A-17E2, the assay sensitivities of ELISA for estrone were 1.3 μg/L ±0.06 μg/L and 1.5 μg/L±0.05 μg/L respectively and the limit detection of ELISA for estrone was 0.04 μg/L ± 0.01 μg/L and 0.07 μg/L± 0.01 μg/L respectively. For A-17E2, the assay sensitivities of ELISA were 1.5 μg/L and 18 μg/L for estradiol and estriol. The limit detection of ELISA for estradiol and estriol were 0.04 μg/L and 0.2 μg/L respectively.


Let D be an integral domain, X an indeterminate over D, and and c(g) v = D}, where c(g) is the ideal of D generated by the coefficients of g. Let R be an overring of D. In this paper, we study when R[X] N v is flat over D[X] N v and when D[X] N v has the QR-property or QQR-property. For example, we show that D has the tQQR-property if and only if D[X] N v has the QQR-property, if and only if D[X] has the tQQR-property.


Abstract Mean amplitudes of vibration of IF3 have been calculated from vibrational spectroscopic data in the temperature range between 0 and 1000 K. Bond properties of the molecule are dis cussed on the basis of these results. Some comparison with related species are made.


ABSTRACT The dynamics of chlorine atom (2Pj) formation in the photodissociation process of halogen substituted pyrimidines, namely, 2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine and 5-chloro-2,4,6-trifluoropyrimidine have been studied around 235 nm using Resonance Enhanced Multiphoton Ionisation Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry technique. For the chlorine atom dissociation channel, we have determined the translational energy distribution, the recoil anisotropy parameter, β, and the spin–orbit branching ratio. In both the molecules, the TOF profiles for Cl (2P3/2) and Cl* (2P1/2) are found to be independent of laser polarisation suggesting a zero value for β, within the experimental uncertainties. For 2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine, the average translational energies for Cl and Cl* elimination channels are determined to be 6.0 ± 1.2 and 7.0 ± 1.5 kcal/mol, respectively. Similarly, for 5-chloro-2,4,6-trifluoropyrimidine, the average translational energies for Cl and Cl* elimination channels are determined to be 6.5 ± 1.2 and 7.9 ± 1.6 kcal/mol, respectively. Computational calculations are performed to generate the potential energy curves along the dissociating C-Cl bond using equation of motion coupled cluster with single and double excitations (EOM-CCSD) method. Computational studies suggest the role of triplet states in the photodissociation process forming the Cl atom. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


COMPARISON of MgO and Girard's reagent for purifying urinary androgen extracts. In order to measure colorimetrically the quantity of 17-ketosteroids in urine by the Zimmerman mdinitrobenz,ene reaction with accuracy it is necessary to have a highly purified androgen fraction. The best purifications have been accomplished by means of the Girard reagents as in the method of Talbot, Butler and MacLachlan1 and the MgO adsorption technique of Baumann and Metzger.2 Even though the urinary androgens are separated with a Girard reagent, some impurities remain which react with m-dinitrobenzene to give results that are rather high. Color filters correct for only part of the interfering chromogens. A comparison of the degree of purification by MgO and Girard's reagent in six urine extracts has been made using a Klett colorimeter and a 55 Wratten color filter.


The purposes of this study were to investigate the efficiency in chromium removal of two species of vetiver grasses : Vetiveria zizanioides (Linn.) Nash [Surat Thani ecotype] and Vetiveria nemoralis A.Camus [Prajoub Kirikhan ecotype] in constructed wetlands with Free Water Surface (FWS) of tannery wastewater. Twelve experiments of constructed wetland system were built, nine of them were used to study the efficiency of chromium removal and other three units were used to study on plants growth. Wastewater depths in this study were 0.10 m,0.15m and 0.20m in each three units. FWS with Surat Thani ecotype at water level 0.10 m was the best performance for chromium removal which their efficiency was 89.29 %. While the efficiency of Prajoub Kirikhan ecotype at water level 0.15 m was 86.30 % and the lowest efficiency was found in control unit at 0.10 m was 80.72 %. Their efficiency for chromium removal between vetiver unit and control unit were difference at 8.6 %. Comparing of efficiency for chromium removal at the same wastewater depth, Surat Thani ecotype was better than Prajoub Kirikhan ecotype. It can be concluded that optimum FWS for tannery wastewater post-treatment was with Vetiver grass ; Surat Thani ecotype at 0.10 m wastewater depth The growth ability; dry weight and height during the experiment period, was found that growth of both species were not affected by the three wastewater depths (p>0.05). The height and dry weight of Prajoub Kirikhan ecotype was higher than of Surat Thani ecotype in all of water depth. Key Word: vetiver, chromium removal, constructed wetland E-mail : email@example.com


Conditions were studied for pH, temperature and ventilation in order to get a good aerobic fermentation. In a second phase, four treatments with different ni...


This article examines the role gender plays in the pilgrimage rites in Mecca at the turn of this century. I argue, as a student of local cultures rather than a scholar of universalistic Islamic beliefs, that portions of the hajj at that time had a special significance for Arab Muslims in and near the Hijaz. Arab pilgrims served, ad dressed, and even dressed the Kaʿba like a bride. By ascribing feminine charac teristics to the Kaʿba, they temporarily transformed human gender roles and constructed an alternative model of gender that could be utilized when negotiating and renegotiating gender roles in everyday life.


An adaptive version of the capacity spectrum method is proposed to estimate deformation demands of steel moment-resisting frames under seismic loads. Its computational attractiveness and capability of providing satisfactory predictions of seismic demands in comparison with those obtained by other advanced nonlinear static procedures in literature are examined. Both effectiveness and accuracy of these approximated methods based on pushover analysis are verified through an extensive comparative study involving both regular and irregular steel moment-resisting frames. The results obtained by nonlinear static procedures and nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis under spectrum-compatible accelerograms are eventually compared. The proposed procedure generally gives a more accurate solution than that obtained from the other nonlinear static procedures.


The invention discloses an automatic cold press of a diamond segment. The automatic cold press comprises a plurality of molds with mold chambers, a rotary working table, a plurality of feeding devices, a plurality of material flattening devices, a pressing device, a demolding device, a mold calibrating device and a control device, wherein the rotary working table is provided with working positions which are distributed for one circle at equal intervals; the molds are arranged on the working positions in one-to-one correspondence; the feeding devices, the material flattening devices, the pressing device, the demolding device and the mold calibrating device are arranged around the rotary working table; in accordance with the rotation direction of the rotary working table, the feeding devices and the material flattening devices are arranged in sequence alternatively; and each feeding device and the material flattening device correspond to one working position on the rotary working table; the pressing device, the demolding device and the mold calibrating device are arranged in sequence and correspond to the working positions in sequence after the feeding devices and the material flattening devices are rotated; and the control device is electrically connected with the devices and is used for controlling the actions of the devices. By utilizing the automatic cold press of the diamond segment, the procedures of feeding, pressing, demolding and the like can be accomplished automatically with high production efficiency.


Accommodating for the differences between grasses following the C3 and C4 photosynthetic pathways in environmental research often requires information on their spatial distribution and relative abundance. Multi-temporal remote sensing may indicate the latter because these grasses have asynchronous phenologies. The relationship between remotely sensed variables and grassland composition, defined by C3(%), was explored with attention focused on two key issues associated with studies of large areas from multi-temporal datasets: the compositing period used and spatial generalizability of a selected relationship. MERIS Terrestrial Chlorophyll Index (MTCI) composites of the Great Plains were generated using compositing periods of 5, 7, 10 and 14 days. The results of a regression analysis indicated that a relationship between MTCI data and grassland composition may be formulated for the State of South Dakota with R 2 ∼0.6. The strength of the relationship was, generally, strongest for short compositing periods. The transferability of the relationship to other regions was, however, limited by its significant non-stationarity indicating a challenge for large area studies.


Different diseases in domestic animals require the application of different methods of immunological protection, depending on the type of vaccine manner of application and type of adjuvant. The objective of the work was to consider general principles and the basic requirements for efficient vaccination. It points out existing faults in practice which lead to the occurrence of mistakes made during vaccination and the appearance of resulting undesired consequences. There are many reasons why vaccination cannot achieve adequate protection of immunity in the organism. In most cases, this occurs due to the inadequate manner of application of the vaccine or subdosage. Mistakes can occur due to inadequate storage conditions which is an essential factor for maintaining vaccine viability. A special problem is vaccination of pregnant animals and young animals, the vaccination of immunodeficient animals. Risks which follow the implementation of vaccines are existing residual virrulence and toxicity the occurrence of hypersensitivity reactions which tend to appear when inactivated vaccines are applied, the occurrence of diseases in immunodeficient animals. Under certain conditions, vaccines can activate an autoimmune response, but the precise pathogenesis of this syndrome is unclear.


The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of varying the amount of participant engagement on alcohol expectancy and drinking outcomes during a social/sexual expectancy challenge based on Darkes and Goldman's (1993, 1998) protocol. This study was also intended to provide a test of the efficacy of administering an alcohol/placebo expectancy challenge outside of a live drinking scenario through video presented as part of a computerized intervention. One hundred fifty-eight male participants across three sites were randomized into a no-intervention control group that received non alcohol-related information in a minimally interactive computerized format, a low-level engagement experimental group that received minimally interactive computerized expectancy-related information, and a high-level engagement experimental group that received the same expectancy-related information presented in a more interactive computerized format that included games and audiovisual elements such as video clips, graphics, live narrations, and music. It was hypothesized that high-level engagement participants would report being more engaged in their computerized program and demonstrate greater decreases in social/sexual alcohol


The problem of communicative education as a condition of modern human development is considered. Different approaches of foreign and Russian researchers to defining of "communicative competence" and "communicative competency" as components of communicative education are described. The methods and forms of work at the lessons of foreign language that the authors uses in the teaching process in the conditions of a non-linguisticuniversity are described. It is concluded that the development of communicative competence in the sphere of foreign language usingis necessary for future specialist, regardless of specialty he receives.


Technologies related to forming metal lines of a semiconductor device are disclosed. A method of forming metal lines of a semiconductor device may include forming at least one interlayer insulating layer on a semiconductor substrate, forming via holes and trenches in the at least one interlayer insulating layer, forming an anti-diffusion film on the via holes and the trenches, depositing a seed Cu layer on the anti-diffusion film, after the seed Cu layer is deposited, depositing rhodium (Rh), and forming Cu line on the deposited Rh. The Rh improves an adhesive force between Cu layers and prevents oxide materials or a corrosion phenomenon from occurring on the seed Cu layer. Accordingly, occurrence of delamination in subsequent processes (for example, annealing and CMP) can be prevented or reduced.


Against the problems in development,check and evaluate, selecting and appointing in human resource management of state-owned enterprises,it is considered that the key is to acquire a new management idea,to build and conduct a new mechanism,improve the relative laws and regulations,adopt new scientific methods.


The invention provides a phased array antenna beam pointing error compensation method based on bilinear fitting. A bilinear fitting method which is easily realized by a wave control machine is used to divide a curved surface formed by four adjacent beam position errors in a space into two planes. In each plane, two space points are used as a straight line to calculate error slope. Beam pointing error slopes in azimuth and elevation are respectively calculated. According to the slopes, the beam pointing error of a beam position between given beam position points can be calculated. The method is used to calculate the beam pointing error of the whole two-dimensional visible area. According to the calculated beam pointing error, a phased array antenna beam compensation table is generated and is written into the wave control machine to realize phased array antenna online beam pointing error compensation. The phased array antenna beam pointing accuracy is improved. According to the bilinear interpolation fitting method, the number of the beam positions, which need to be measured, of a phased array antenna can be reduced; the measurement test time is saved; the efficiency is significantly improved; and the cost is reduced.


We present an investigation of the nonlinear partial differential equations (PDE) which are asymptotically representable as a linear combination of the equations from the Camassa–Holm hierarchy. For this purpose we use the infinitesimal transformations of dependent and independent variables of the original PDE. This approach is helpful for the analysis of the systems of the PDE which can be asymptotically represented as the evolution equations of polynomial structure.We present an investigation of the nonlinear partial differential equations (PDE) which are asymptotically representable as a linear combination of the equations from the Camassa–Holm hierarchy. For this purpose we use the infinitesimal transformations of dependent and independent variables of the original PDE. This approach is helpful for the analysis of the systems of the PDE which can be asymptotically represented as the evolution equations of polynomial structure.


Inherited forms of Alzheimer's disease are extremely rare, but for a small proportion of families who carry particular genes the results can be devastating. Luke Bishop talks to someone from an affected family.


Mycoplasma hyosynoviae and Mycoplasma hyorhinis are known causative agents of arthritis in postweaned swine. Data from the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory shows that diagnosis of M hyosynoviaeand M hyorhinis-associated arthritis has increased in swine in the Midwest United States. This diagnostic note summarizes disease characteristics of both pathogens and describes appropriate procedures to diagnose Mycoplasma-associated arthritis. An accurate diagnosis is critical to establishing effective treatment and prevention measures in affected herds.


1. Iodothyrin and inorganic iodine, in known quantities, were administered to so-called axolotl larvae of the salamander Ambystoma tigrinum.2. A dosis of iodothyrin containing only 0.03 mgm. iodine per 1,000 c.c. of water caused metamorphosis 13 days after its first administration.3. A dosis of inorganic iodine 33 to 86 times larger and feeding still larger doses directly per mouth did not cause metamorphosis.4. The amphibian metamorphosis is truly the expression of the thyroid activity and not the result of the effect of inorganic iodine.5. Inorganic iodine as such is not the active principle of the thyroid hormone.


Evidence previously cited for the aquatic nature of the Triassic mammal‐like reptile Lystrosaurus is reviewed. It is concluded that this evidence does not constitute a convincing case. General adaptations of aquatic tetrapods are reviewed and applied to the morphology of Lystrosaurus, in order to determine whether aquatic adaptations not previously sought in Lystrosaurus are present It is concluded that few or any such adaptations are present. Such as are, for example a widened knee and flared scapula blade, are as compatible with a digging function, as with swimming. Nevertheless, the distinctive nature of the skull and to a lesser extent the postcranial skeleton of Lystrosaurus stands out, and several features require functional interpretation. These include: a downwardly‐directed and elongated snout, a short and high temporal region, a pear‐shaped external nasal opening bounded by a rugose ridge, slight dorsal flaring of the scapula, a powerful forelimb and wide knee joint These are dealt with elsewher...


: In a study of difficult labor in primiparas at two Montreal hospitals, prolonged first stage labor was significantly less frequent at a community hospital (8%) than at a high risk referral hospital (14%), even though only women admitted for uncomplicated spontaneous labor were included. Prolonged labor was defined as longer than 15 hours from admission to full dilatation of the cervix. More labors were stimulated with oxytocin at the high risk referral hospital (61%) than at the community hospital (34%), meaning that frequent stimulation did not prevent prolonged labor. Common factors may lead both to the need for stimulation and to prolonged labor.


Traffic engineering (TE) is one efficient way of accommodating traffic that changes unpredictably. The traffic information of the whole network is essential to reconfigure the routes of the whole network. However, it is difficult to collect the traffic information of the whole network in a short period of time. Thus, the reconfiguration of the routes of the whole network cannot be performed in a short period of time. In this paper, we develop a method that can handle the traffic changes in a short time in a large-scale network. In our method, we hierarchically divide the network into several ranges. Our method reconfigures the routes within small ranges in a short period of time to handle the traffic changes that occur in a short period of time. In addition, we also reconfigure the routes of the whole network to handle the significant traffic change that cannot be handled by the reconfiguration within small ranges. In this paper we evaluate our method by simulation and clarify that our method achieves the similar maximum link utilization to the method using traffic information of the whole network.


Temperature field of the CW-laser irradiating sheet metal was simulated by finite element method,the effect temperature rise on laser spot radius and irradiating time was analyzed,the rule of temperature rise with time was thought about。It can be seen from the result that the temperature rise zone within the laser irradiating zonet,he temperature rise zone is enlarged according to the increase of laser spot radius and irradiating time。The velocity of temperature rise is varied with irradiating time,the initial period,temperature rise velocity faster,the later period,temperature rise velocity slower.


The costs of serverless functions increase proportional to the amount of memory reserved on the deployed server. However, increasing the amount of memory decreases the function execution time, which is also a factor that contributes to cost. We propose an automated approach for optimizing the amount of memory reserved for serverless functions. First, we measure the running time of a given function in various memory settings and derive a regression model. Then, we define an objective function and a set of constraints based on this regression model and the configuration space. Finally, we determine the optimal memory setting for minimizing cost. Our industrial case study shows that significant cost reductions can be achieved by accurate estimations of the impact of memory settings on runtime performance.


Abstract This paper studies theoretically and empirically the relationship among shareholding structure, the private benefit of control and incentive intensity. By integrating the principal–agent theory and the market competition theory into the three-stage dynamic game model, we built the dual principal–agent relationship including both 'shareholder-manager' and 'controlling shareholders-small and medium shareholders'. Empirically, the panel data of 1971 listed enterprises in China from the year 2007 to 2014 are analysed in order to justify the theoretical results by using two-way fixed effect model, dynamic panel model, and threshold regression model. It is shown that for enterprise managers, the higher their ability level and risk aversion, the stronger their incentive intensity will be. However, for shareholders, the private benefit of control and the incentive intensity show a non-linear relationship with the change of ownership concentration.


This investigation mainly targeted on study of hardness and tensile properties of Al 7075 with different metal coatings like Nickel, Zinc and cadmium. Coating of these metals on Al 7075 is successfully achieved by time dependent electroplating method for different thicknesses of 10, 15 and 20 Microns. These metal coated Al-7075 specimens were tested for hardness and tensile properties according to the ASTM standards. It's found that Nickel coated alloy shows excellent hardness and tensile properties compared to Zinc and Cadmium coated alloys. 20 µm Nickel coated alloy exhibits highest hardness number of 102 HRB and Maximum Tensile Strength of 603 MPa than Zinc and Cadmium coated alloy. The microstructural studies authenticated that the coating of Nickel, zinc and cadmium on Al 7075 is homogeneous.This investigation mainly targeted on study of hardness and tensile properties of Al 7075 with different metal coatings like Nickel, Zinc and cadmium. Coating of these metals on Al 7075 is successfully achieved by time dependent electroplating method for different thicknesses of 10, 15 and 20 Microns. These metal coated Al-7075 specimens were tested for hardness and tensile properties according to the ASTM standards. It's found that Nickel coated alloy shows excellent hardness and tensile properties compared to Zinc and Cadmium coated alloys. 20 µm Nickel coated alloy exhibits highest hardness number of 102 HRB and Maximum Tensile Strength of 603 MPa than Zinc and Cadmium coated alloy. The microstructural studies authenticated that the coating of Nickel, zinc and cadmium on Al 7075 is homogeneous.


National and foreign analysts assess by common consent the demand for green products as the most important factor and condition determining the depth and speed of economy greening processes. From this viewpoint, the analysis of the processes forming green demand in the country is of great interest. The role of the tourism industry in the global economy and in the processes of transition to the green economic growth model defines the importance of the impact analysis of dynamic aggregate green demand for economy greening in the regions with recreation and tourism specialization. The article shows the results of studying the components of aggregate demand for the main institutional
economic entities: households, state and corporations. The paper analyzes the factors and conditions of its forming. A special focus is on the problems of forming green demand for tourism industry products. The low level of aggregate green demand in Russia is substantiated in the conclusion. This proves the fact that economic entities are not ready to change their behavior in production and consumption processes in order to reduce negative effect on the environment and requires urgent measures for the formation and efficient application of green demand stimulating devices and the environmental transformation of the economy. The results of analyzing the conditions and dynamics of forming aggregate green demand give much better sense of the mechanism of economy ecological modernization in general and its separate sectors and form a methodological basis for the determination of its structure and functions.


The extraction of natural resources can have social and economic impacts on residents living in the neighbourhood of extraction. Existing micro level studies examining natural resources impact like oil have focused on developed economies and employed mean type estimation techniques. This paper focuses on developing economies with Ghana as a case study and examines the effect of oil extraction across the distribution of households' expenditure and remittances. Using household level data, we employ an unconditional quantile difference-in-differences strategy to show that oil extraction has a positive effect on low expenditure or poor households but negative effects for high expenditure or rich households. The results are broadly consistent with predictions based on microeconomic theory proposed by Engel given a downward sloping effect on households' food expenditure and an upward slope on non-food expenditure. This indicates households' preference for normal goods when there is a shock in income. Moreover, we find that households affected by the oil shock are more altruistic with an increase in remittances over the sample period. This seemingly gained effect, however, is eroded with rising prices leading to a fall in the welfare of households.


The paper considers issues arising from contributions of the profession and the public to highway transportation developments, as they are likely to affect planning, design, construction and management for the rest of this century. In the professional sector, the adequacy of current procedures for economic and environmental evaluation are discussed in relation to present and future objectives in engineering practice. The need for more effective engineering input to debates at strategic levels of highway and transportation planning highlights problems associated with current procedures in feasibility studies of competing transportation systems. In the public sector there is active interest at the local plans stages, because affected parties usually comprehend the consequences from land use development and transportation proposals. The need to generate similar public response to the transportation elements of regional structure plans indicates opportunities for more effective methods of assessment of community preferences, communication and presentation of information. The expansion of multi-disciplinary activities is an essential for future highway transportation assessments. A feed-back to highway engineering will be the need for a still wider spectrum of knowledge and technological expertise, which should significantly affect higher education and in-service training of highway and transportation engineers. (a) for abstracts of other papers to the 1975 National Conference of the Institution of Highway Engineers, see IRRD Abstract Nos. 220234-38. /TRRL/


The characteristics of a Q-switched neodymium-doped double-clad fiber laser were presented. Based on the proposed differential equations with suitable boundary and initial conditions, a numerical model was developed to simulate this fiber laser. All the calculations were based on wave-travelling approach. Using this model, pulse duration and the energy of generated pulses can be predicted. In the experiment, pulses with the energy of 0.36mJ (84ns) and 154μJ (48ns) at the repetition rate of 500Hz were achieved for 5 and 3-m long fiber, respectively. The extractable energy was limited due to low energy storage and the fiber-end facet damage. The results obtained numerically agree well with the experimental results.


The method of dimension synthesis for the path of connecting rods of crank slider mechanism with predetermined time scale by using rotation angle operator of connecting rods is proposed in this paper.The numerical atlas database including 20300 basic dimensional types is designed.After having selected some basic dimensional types from the database with the fuzzy identification method,the corresponding mechanism's real sizes and assembly dimensions are calculated.The practical software of the mechanism's motion simulation is developed and finally illustration is given.


The Role of the Service Sector in the Restructuring of Old Industrial Regions : The Case of the West Midlands


Many surgical approaches to the functional insufficiency of the thumb has been reported till today.The authors report two cases of thumb anomalieshere treated by method of Buck-Gramcko. Case 1.A 3 years old woman.Rt.floating thumb of Blauth IV.The floating thumb was resected followed by pollicization of the second finger. Case 2.A 21 years old man.A five-fingered hand.Pollicization of the first finger was done. The results of these pollicizations may be better than the method of Littler.Hyperextension deformity of the new CM joint has not been seen untill today.


Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a revolutionary security technology that exploits the laws of quantum mechanics to achieve information-theoretic secure key exchange. QKD enables two parties to "grow" a shared secret key without placing any limits on an adversary's computational power. Error reconciliation protocols have been developed that preserve security while allowing a sender and receiver to reconcile the errors in their respective keys. The most famous of these is the Cascade protocol, which is effective but suffers from a high communication complexity and low throughput. The Winnow protocol reduces the communication complexity over Cascade, but has the disadvantage of introducing errors. Finally, Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes have been shown to reconcile errors at rates higher than those of Cascade and Winnow, but with greater computational complexity. In this paper we evaluate the effectiveness of LDPC codes by comparing the runtime, throughput and communication complexity empirically with the Cascade and Winnow algorithms. The effects of inaccurate error estimation, non-uniform error distribution and varying key length on all three protocols are evaluated for identical input key strings. Analyses are performed on the results in order to characterize the strengths and weaknesses of each protocol.


As fundamental changes have taken place in the development ideas in the new century, the development of west regions should embody the new development idea of "human foremost". We should examine again the development notions, modes, and strategic goals for the development of west regions. In accordance with the theme of nationalities work of "unity and striving of all nationalities, common prosperity and development", we should pay attention to the development of minorities. It is clear that the development of west regions is not a new series of regional development, resources development or project development, it should be one which brings full economic and social development for all nationalities in west regions, is a comprehensive strategy of long term, focusing on future and concerning about minorities.


The paper deals with the investigations of influence parameters of electro discharge machining (EDM) on the shape accuracy of external cylindrical surfaces machined by EDM process. A Sodick AD3L CNC electrode discharge machine was used to perform the EDM tests. In order to obtain the external cylindrical surfaces by RAM EDM copper cylindrical electrodes were used. Different machining setups and dielectric immersion modes were considered. In order to investigate the influence of the machining parameters on the investigated factors a factorial plan of experiments was considered. The preliminary experimental results highlighted the possibilities to obtain small diameter external surfaces of revolution on a ram electrical discharge machine.


The paper aims at studying the role and function of rhythm in prose and the ways of preserving it in translation. The analysis is based on the material of "The Martian Chronicles" by Ray Bradbury and its Armenian translation by Z.Boyajyan. Bradbury's prose stands out with vivid imagery built through various lexical stylistic devices, colour words and onomatopiic words, and rhythm created by syntactical and phonetic stylistic devices.
On the whole, the translator succeeded in preserving both the imagery and the rhythm of the source text, the main challenges being the translation of alliteration, polysyndeton and absolute participial constructions. His strategy of empolying poetic and bookish words enables him not only to provide the preservation of the imagery, but also to compensate for the loss of rhythm in some parts of the translation, for it is impossibe to achieve rhythmical equivalence due to the structural differences between English and Armenian.


Deficiency of dystrophin, a cytoskeletal protein localized in the inner face of the plasma membrane in skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle, results in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). Through its interactions with extracellular matrix and plasma membrane proteins, dystrophin plays a role in contraction and signal transduction. In DMD, gastrointestinal disorders such as gastric dilation and intestinal pseudo‐obstruction resulting from altered motility have been reported. The role of dystrophin in the regulation of contractile protein expression and smooth muscle function, per se, is not known. Studies have suggested that inflammation contributes to the pathophysiology of DMD. Exogenous H2S had been shown to exert beneficial cardiovascular and gastrointestinal functions, probably via exerting anti‐inflammatory actions.


Modern distributed operating systems provide users with transparent access to all resources of the computer network by means of distributed object abstraction. The access reliability and efficiency of such systems are determined by the internal implementation of the given abstraction. The existing architectures are based either on the centralized storage of the object state in one of network nodes, or on a state distribution among several nodes by means of distributed shared memory. The indicated approaches do not take into account semantics of a specific object. As a result, for the majority of objects the access efficiency in the distributed environment is considerably lower, than in a local case. This paper presents the alternative distributed operating system architecture based on the concept of replication of distributed objects. A complete or partial copy of distributed object's state is placed in each node where the object is used. Copy coherence is ensured by replication algorithms. For each object the most efficient access algorithm, taking its semantics into account, can be applied. All E1 subsystems are designed to support replication, which makes E1 a convenient platform for developing reliable distributed applications.


Indias state of Uttar Pradesh has 16.2% of the countrys population with only 9.2% of the land area. By March 1983 only 13% of Uttar Pradeshs couples were effectively protected against unplanned pregnancy as compared to 25% of the entire countries reproductive couples. This study examines the acceptance of sterilization programs particularly vasectomy and tubectomy in Uttar Pradesh from 1973-1980. Comparisons were made across the states districts between Hindus and Muslims and between urban and rural dwellers. Information was gathered from the State Family Welfare Bureau files although complete information was not available for all districts studied. Major findings and conclusions include the following: 1) there have been moderate increases in acceptance of both vasetomy and tubectomy in Uttar Pradesh from 1973-1980. However acceptance is still below that of the rest of India. 2) More education and more motivational efforts are needed for sterilization acceptance at younger ages and at smaller family sizes. 3) Tubectomies enjoy a higher acceptance than vasectomies; tubectomy should be given more emphasis as a form of birth reduction than vasectomy. In general Muslims accept sterilization at later ages and with larger family sizes than do Hindus. Therefore there must be intensive campaigns to influence Muslims to accept the programs in larger numbers and at earlier ages. 5) Sterilization is less popular in rural than urban areas of Uttar Pradesh. As sterilization is more suited to less-educated persons special efforts should be made to popularize sterilization among rural populations. 6) Female literacy and the development of medical facilities have a positive influence on the acceptance of vasectomy and tubectomy. Therefore both female literacy and medical facilities in Uttar Pradesh should be increased to increase sterilization acceptance.


This study was performed to find out the effect of antioxidant enzyme activities of Myrtle extract on endothelial dysfunction in normoglycemic and streptozotocin diabetic (STZ-D) rats. Forty female rats were divided into four groups and were classified as group I (control group), group II (Myrtle treated control group), group III (diabetic group) and group IV (Myrtle treated diabetic group). Plasma glucose, insulin, NO, ADMA, AST, ALT and lipid profile level were measured. Liver and aorta excised and homogenized for the estimation of NO, SOD, catalase and MDA. Our results revealed increased glucose and insulin levels in STZ-D rats as compared to controls but significant decrease in NO in the plasma as well as in the aortic and liver extracts was found. Also our results revealed that Myrtyle improved the increased glucose level. Our study showed increased plasma level of ADMA in STZ diabetic rats compared to controls. Significant increase in the level of MDA in both aortic and liver extracts compared to the other groups. Endogenous antioxidants were significantly reduced and lipid peroxidation significantly increased in STZ-D group. We concluded that Myrtle extract acts as antioxidant and hepatoprotective in diabetic rats


Consideration is given to the problem of dynamically controlling a computer communication network consisting of N stations that compete for the use of a single channel. The channel is needed by the stations in order to transfer the packetized information they got from independent sources to a central storage device. The stations, which have some local storage capacity, are modeled as finite queues fed by independent Poisson streams and the channel as a single exponential server. The performance objective is to avoid situations in which any of the queues is fully (blocking). The authors also consider systems in which the queues are fed by the server and the objective is to avoid situations in which any of the queues is empty (starvation), and a hybrid system, consisting of both types of queue. Many computer and communication systems fall within the framework of these models. The goal is to get a good control policy for these systems. The authors first prove certain structural properties of the optimal solution for the case N=2. These properties lead them to conclude that it is unlikely that a closed-form expression for the optimal policy could be found, but at the same time guide the derivation of a heuristic decision rule. >


This paper briefly describes functions of Power Megerment CAD system. Main prerequisites for the system creation are shown and the necessity in it is explained. The Specialist in electric power will have opportunity to design new automated information-measuring systems of commercial account of power systems and create the specification of the equipment with the minimal expenses in short terms.


This paper tends to investigate the ambiguous relationship between fertility and women's labour force participation in the case of Malaysia and other selected Asian countries such as Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam.Using a panel of observations for the period 1995 to 2009, this study examines the correlation and panel causality effect between fertility rate, female labour force
participation, and other fertility factors.The panel analysis was done on the six selected ASEAN countries (ASEAN-6), as well as for each of the individual country. This study found that there is mixed correlation between the regression variables in ASEAN countries but none of them have a strong correlation.The results on causality tests show that primary education, health expenditure, life expectancy at birth, labour participation rate, and self-employed - female do not granger-cause fertility rate in all six ASEAN countries.However there is a unidirectional causality which runs from fertility rate to education primary, life expectancy at birth and labour participation rate.