The perovskite-like compound LaVO[sub 3] undergoes a crystallographic-antiferromagnetic transition at about 140 K. The structure of LaVO[sub 3] has been determined at room temperature and just above (150 K) and below (100 K) the transition. Synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction techniques were used. The lattice parameter variation vs temperature and the structural refinements revealed that above the transition the structure of LaVO[sub 3] is of GdFeO[sub 3] type; namely, it is orthorhombic with lattice parameters at room temperature [alpha] = 5.55548, b = 7.84868, and c = 5.55349 [angstrom] and space group Pnma. The orthorhombic distortion of the structure is very similar to that of isostructural LaFeO[sub 3]. At 100 K, below the transformation temperature, the structure is monoclinic with lattice parameters: a = 5.59360, b = 7.75951, c = 5.56490 [angstrom], [gamma] - 90.125[degrees] and space group P2[sub 1]/a. In the orthorhombic structure all V sites are equivalent, but two independent sites, V1 and V2, are observed in the monoclinic structure. These two sites form alternate layers along the b axis. Above the transition, all the V octahedra are tilted around the three crystallographic axes and are elongated along the [110] direction. The elongation increases at the transitionmore » and occurs in different directions 90[degrees] apart, in the V1 and V2 octahedra.« less


The paper adopts PSCAD/EMTDC software to establish the system model and simulates the impact of DC ground electrode current on transformers of different structures including group transformer, three-phase three pole transformer, and three-phase fineplole transformer, etc.The results show that because of the independent magnetic flux circuit and small reluctance, group-type transformer is most influenced by DC bias ;three-phase three-pole transformer which has no DC circuit and has larger reluctance is least-affected by DC bias; three-phase five-pole transformer in which area of iron core is smaller than that of single-phase transformer is impacted between the former two even though having DC circuit.


This study was carried out to investigate the juvenile rainbow trout performance in response to different ideal amino acid (IAA) ratios. A total of 1,200 juvenile rainbow trout were divided into 6 dietary treatments with 4 replications of 50 juveniles in each. The experimental diets were including a positive control (T1), a commercial diet (T2), and 4 treatments were formulated based on the IAA ratios recommended by (T3, T4, T5, and T6) 1 . The results revealed that T1 and T2 promoted higher body weight gain (BWG) compared to the other semi-purified diets (P < 0.05). The best feed conversion ratio (FCR) was also determined for T5 (P < 0.05). The results of current study have shown that T5 IAA ratios had more efficiency to formulate juvenile rainbow trout diets than other tested IAA patterns. Based on these results, the promising potential of IAA profile in dietary protein reduction is relatively confirmed and consequently this concept, regarding the feed significant economical portion, it could be suggested as an effective tool for proper management which is worthy and needs intensive research in the future.


The choice of control mechanisms in information systems development projects has been extensively studied in prior research. However the impact of control on project performance and the dynamics of formal and informal controls remain under explored. This study addresses these issues using data from 158 project managers. The results reveal an interesting pattern: formal controls have direct effect on project performance, informal controls do not, yet informal controls augment the impact of formal controls on project performance. Higher levels of knowledge of ISD process have been found to influence the choice control mechanisms. Nevertheless, how it affects the efficacy of controls on performance has not been examined. This research shows that higher levels of knowledge of ISD process have a direct impact on project performance. More interestingly, higher levels of knowledge of ISD process was found to improve the effectiveness of informal controls on project performance.


Aims:  The aim of this study was to assess the selective removal of Cu(II), Cr(III) and Ni(II) by strains of exopolysaccharide (EPS)‐producing cyanobacteria, and to investigate the interaction of sorption in solutions with multiple‐metals.


In this paper we prove that the conjugacy problem in the Grigorchuk grouphas polynomial time complexity. This solves a problem posed by Grigorchuk rather unexpectedly.


Beginning in the mid-eighteenth century and reaching its apex in the midnineteenth century, a discourse of the private family came to dominate normative visions of social and political life in the United States. Where previously the family had been conceived as the central institution of social and economic life, serving as a "little commonwealth" analogous to the state, by the mid-nineteenth century, at least in prescriptive literature and sentimental novels, the family was private, increasingly cut off from economic production and political life. It did, however, retain a political function: the production and dissemination of virtue, morality, and chastity that ensured the political health of the nation precisely by abstaining from politics. As countless historians have told us, this made for a relatively clear, gendered distinction between public (male and masculine) and private (female and feminine). The public-private distinction, with the virtuous, sentimental family at its heart, was taken as the guarantee of stability for liberal democracy in nineteenth-century America. The social and political function of this family was to instill order in an increasingly disordered nation. Vice and licentiousness, keywords of the American Revolution, only became more prevalent with urbanization. In the discourse of the frontier, civilization was always on the verge of disintegrating. Democracy itself, once something to be feared, was becoming an object of desire, manifest in the expansion of universal white male suffrage, and later, in claims by women and the enslaved for liberty and full citizenship. Sovereignty was becoming increasingly murky. The novelty of democracy was not that sovereignty disappeared, but that it was no longer localizable to any absolute authority. As the political theorist Claude Lefort has argued, "Democracy is instituted and sustained by the dissolution of markers of certainty. It inaugurates a history in which people experience a fundamental indeterminacy as to the basis of power, law, and


This article presents results of the reorganization of the Supervised Practice course in the Plano Nacional de Formacao dos Professores da Educacao Basica [National Plan of Professional Training of Teachers of Basic Education] (Parfor). The article sought to investigate whether the use of teaching cases suits the context of a second licensure program, promotes discussions and reflection and contributes to teachers' professional development. The cases were methodologically adopted as an investigation strategy to be used in teacher training, with narratives and talk circles being its main instruments. The results revealed that the teaching cases helped the investigation and training processes, thus contributing to the professional development of the licensure students.


In China,the human resources management(HRM)specialty was established later.There are many problems in HRM construction,and the faculty construction is relatively weaker.The orientation to HRM is hierarchy,partialness and dualism in Shaanxi Normal University.Based on this orientation,it is vital to enhance and optimize HRM faculty through allocating the existing teaching staff,attracting high educated talents with enterprise experience,encouraging teachers to practice in enterprise and"double course"construction.


[Objective]The research aimed to explore the morphometric characters of Ancherythroculter nigrocauda Yih et Wu under artificial culture conditions.[Method]The method of combining traditional morphometric measurement with truss network morphometric measurement was first used to measure the morphometric characters of 0 +-2 year-old A.nigrocauda under pond culture conditions.[Result]The correlation coefficients between the body length and full length,body height as well as tongue length of A.nigrocauda were 0.988,0.960 and 0.739 respectively,showing better relationship.The correlation coefficients between the caudal peduncle height and caudal peduncle length,body length and head length,head length and eye diameter were 0.604,0.482 and 0.355 respectively.The body length and the body weight of A.nigrocauda showed a power exponent relationship and its regression equation was W = 0.015L2.971(r2 = 0.978,P 0.01).The regression equation between the full length and body length of A.nigrocauda was BL = 0.786 + 0.390 TL(r = 0.988,P 0.01).And the regression equation between the body height and body length of A.nigrocauda was BL = 3.363 + 1.471BD(r = 0.960,P 0.01).The regression equation between the tongue length and body length of A.nigrocauda was BL = 7.361 + 5.879 SnL(r = 0.739,P 0.01).[Conclusion]A.nigrocauda(0 +-2 year-old) under pond culture conditions showed a symmetrical growth laws and the condition factor was higher than that under natural growth conditions.


Voice-activated digital assistants are spreading from our homes to our cars. Stuart Nathan looks at what it could mean for the future of driving


The changing market for doctorally prepared workers led one institution to examine its overall approach to defining and supporting professional doctorates. After a review of existing scholarship and internal practices, a white paper was created to capture the various ways that these degrees can be distinguished from the academic doctorate (PhD) at this university. This article summarizes its key conclusions in areas such as relationship to the masters, program goals and foci, research training, the doctoral capstone, and faculty selection. Ways that these recommendations have begun to effect policies and practices at this particular institution are also highlighted, especially program development and evaluation.


The catchment area of the Volta River covers an area of 153,000 sq. miles of which approximately 64,000 sq. miles is located in Ghana. This forms about 70 per cent of the total area of the country. Most of the catchment area in Ghana consists of savanna; including the Guinea savanna of the Northern region, the derived savanna of Northern Ashanti adjacent to it on the south, and the coastal savanna which is separated from the interior savanna by a broad belt of tropical forest. With the exception of some of the headwaters of the Afram the tropical forest is drained by smaller rivers including the Tano, Ankobra and the Pra which are not part of the Volta Basin. Most of the Volta catchment area lies in an area with a well defined wet season occurring between June and September. In May 1964, the huge dam across the Volta River at Akosombo was completed and the dendritic Volta Lake began to form. It reached its full size after the rainy season of 1968 when it covered an area of approximately 3,275 sq. miles.


A three-dimensional finite element model has been developed for the purpose of analyzing the stress distribution in a human mandibular right first molar. The model takes into account the non-symmetric geometry and loading, and the material inhomogeneities of the tooth. Comparisons with existing two-dimensional analyses are given.


Draft [I-D. draft-ietf-pce-pce-initiated-lsp] specifies procedures
that can be used for creation and deletion of PCE-initiated LSPs in
the active stateful PCE model. However, this specification focuses on
MPLS networks, and does not cover remote instantiation of paths in
GMPLS-controlled networks. This document complements [I-D. draft-ietf-
pce-pce-initiated-lsp] by addressing the requirements for remote-
initiated GMPLS LSPs.


Background and Objectives: HIV infected patients are at risk for vaccine-preventable infections such as tetanus and diphtheria (Td). In these patients, these antibodies tend to decline faster. Due to the limited data, this study assessed the seroprevalence of tetanus and diphtheria antibodies in HIV infected patients in Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was carried out in 180 HIV infected patients from Iranian HIV/AIDS Research Center in Tehran and 90 matched healthy controls. The serum samples were checked with ELISA for tetanus and diphtheria antibodies. Results: A total of 180 HIV positive patients with mean age 36.9±9.2 years and 90 matched controls were enrolled in the study. Tetanus antibody was lower in HIV group when compared with control group. There was no significant difference in the mean serum levels of diphtheria antibody in HIV positive patients when compared with the controls. About 93.3% and 96.6% of HIV infected patients had protective diphtheria and tetanus antibodies respectively. Mean tetanus and diphtheria antibodies levels were not significantly different based on the circulating CD4 + cells. Conclusion: HIV positive cases, who had received primary Td vaccination before they contracted HIV infection, can be expected to be protected against diphtheria, whereas revaccination against tetanus must be considered.


In this work, a quite simple and low-cost experimental arrangement is discussed. Its objective consists of exemplifying in a concrete manner the application of mathematical techniques involving solution by infinite series, destined to the study of determined physical phenomenon. This practice, developed for and directed to undergraduate students taking the course in Mathematics, basically consists of a quantitative study related to the damped oscillatory behavior of a system constituted by a mass coupled to a spring. The experimental results corroborate the phenomenological theory very well and permit the numeric determination of a physical constant normally considered negligible, mentioned only briefly in text books. An important factor in this work refers to the studied oscillatory phenomenon, unlimited in time, but limited in space, which permits an interesting discussion with the students on the concept of mathematical limits.


The amounts of sugars, starch, hemicellulose and cellulose in yam tubers were estimated at different stages of maturity and in yam tuber ("EgbodO") sections. Maltose, sucrose, glucose and fructose were the free sugars identified in the ethanolic extracts of the yam samples. Sucrose formed the bulk of the total sugars. The "bottom" portion of the "Egbodo" yam tuber was richer in total sugars (4.9%) than either the "middle" (1.8%) or the "head" (2.4%) regions. Starch accounted, respectively, for 60, 77 and 78% of total carbohydrates in the "bottom", "middle" and "head" regions of the "egbodo" yam tuber. A peak value of 84% starch was obtained 6 months after planting the yam setts. Its decrease to 64% at 8 months has been partly attributed to reduced photosynthetic activity through yellowing and subsequent loss of leaves. The sum of cellulose and hemicellulose, regarded as non-available carbohydrates was less than 7% of the total carbohydrates. The linear fraction, amylose, formed about 17.8% of the starch prepared from whole yam tubers of varying maturities, and from yam tuber sections, the remaining being amylopectin. The observed amylose and amylopectin values did not vary significantly over the period of observation. These amylose and amylopectin fractions had iodine affinities of 17 and 0.1%, respectively.


Background and Objectives: Although technological advancements and use of electronic devices promote the general welfare, they are associated with many biological risks. Given the public concern about the possible health effects of base transceiver station (BTS) antennas' waves and the presence of these antennas in urban areas and near residential areas, it is necessary to identify these sources and their possible effects. So the aim of this study is to evaluate intensity of microwave radiation of Hamraheaval BTS antennas and its effect on the general health of residents around the antennas in the city of Qazvin 2016-17.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, fourteen 1800MHz- macrocell BTS antennas of Hamrah-e-Aval operator were identified in 3 urban districts of Qazvin and measurements were later made in one of the sectors of each fourteen BTS antennas in the near (Horizental distances 0, 10 and 20 m) and far away fields (Horizental distances 100 and 300 m) at the front door of the houses. At the same time, efforts were made to evaluate the health status of 231 residents of the same points of measurement. Questionnaires data were collected and then analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient, one-way ANOVA, and independent t-test in SPSS software ver. 23.
Results: In the present study, the highest mean electromagnetic energy density was 85% of the standard public exposure (National Standard 8567). The results of one-way ANOVA revealed no significant difference between the groups in terms of the distance and electromagnetic energy density. The results showed that the majority of residents (51.9%) were in a good health status. According to the results of one-way ANOVA, there was a significant difference between the electromagnetic energy density with urban districts 1, 2 and 3, and the lowest average electromagnetic energy density at different distances was observed in district 3 where density and height of buildings were higher.
Disscusion & Conclusion: The present research showed that all measurements on BTS antennas' waves at all studied distances were below the permissible limit. The results also showed that the BTS antennas had no harmful effects on the health status of the residents living around these antennas. Finally, the results revealed that tall buildings locating around the BTS antennas can be considered as the main barrier of these waves.
Keywords: Electromagnetic Radiation, Microwaves, General Health, Base Transceiver Station


Flash-memory-based solid-state drives use multiple NAND flash memory chips as storage media and deploy a large-sized random access memory (RAM) inside it. This RAM buffer absorbs the read and write requests by file systems, and thus the resulting write requests to NAND flash memory are determined by the buffer replacement scheme. Many of the previously proposed algorithms concentrate on improving the random write performance by reordering the writes, addressing the temporal locality, or evicting the clean pages beforehand. However, the sequential write patterns in the incoming write stream are not completely utilized by the flash translation layer; this increases garbage collection overhead. To overcome this limitation, we propose a novel algorithm, called random first flash enlargement (RFFE), to improve the performance of the write operation. The algorithm identifies the interleaved sequential writes and builds various policy decisions, and the write sequence is constructed by contemplating the flash memory characteristics. In particular, the write stream is written into an appropriate log block area. Trace driven simulation is compared with the previously proposed least recently used fully-associative sector translation (FAST), block padding least recently used (BPLRU), and recently-evicted-first (REF) buffer management schemes. The result shows that the RFFE outperforms the previously proposed schemes with respect to merge, erase, and write count.


Review critical factors such as length of stay, case mix, financial statements, ratios and days cash on hand that physicians need to understand to adequately manage hospital patients and engage in the success of the organization.


Adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) mainly exert their function by secreting materials that are collectively termed the secretome. Despite recent attention to the secretome as an alternative to stem cell therapy, the culture conditions for generating optimal secretome contents have not been determined. Therefore, we investigated the role of hypoxic‐conditioned media (HCM) from ASCs. Normoxic‐conditioned media (NCM) and HCM were obtained after culturing ASCs in 20% O2 or 1% O2 for 24 hours, respectively. Subsequently, partially hepatectomized mice were infused with saline, control medium, NCM, or HCM, and then sera and liver specimens were obtained for analyses. Hypoxia (1% O2) significantly increased mRNA expression of mediators from ASCs, including interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). HCM infusion significantly increased the number of Ki67‐positive cells in the liver (p < .05). HCM infusion significantly increased phospho‐signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and decreased suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) expression in the liver (p < .05). To determine the role of IL‐6 in liver regeneration, we then performed IL‐6 RNA interference study. Conditioned media (CM) obtained from ASCs, which were transfected with either siIL‐6 or siControl, were administered to partially hepatectomized mice. The siIL‐6 CM groups exhibited lower liver proliferation (Ki67‐positive cells) and markers of regeneration (protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, p‐STAT3, HGF, and VEGF and liver weights) than the siControl CM groups (p < .05). Taken together, hypoxic preconditioning of ASCs increased expression of mediators promoting anti‐inflammatory and regenerative responses. The liver regenerative effects of HCM appear to be mediated by persistent and uninhibited expression of STAT3 in the liver, which results from decreased expression of SOCS3.


This case study analyzes water vapor flux that is vertically integrated into the atmosphere in episodes of the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ). The scope of this study is two cases that occurred between January and February 2018. We use the ERA-Interim reanalysis data from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) to build the maps of vertically integrated water vapor flux and its divergence. We use two 5º by 5º sub-areas, centralized over Belo Horizonte and São Paulo, as control for water vapor balance. The results point to the existence of water vapor transport from the Amazon region to Southeastern Brazil in association to the SACZ. Convergence areas of vertically integrated water vapor flux predominate along the Northwest-Southeast line. The two cases over the Belo Horizonte area presented an average of water vapor balance of -1.8 and -12.9 mm/day. The average at the São Paulo area was -3.6 and 2.0 mm/day. The negative values indicate that precipitation exceeded evapotranspiration, that is, the area served as a water vapor sink.


In the present research, nylon-broom grass and onion root-broom grass reinforced hybrid polypropylene composites were manufactured using a hot press machine. Three different levels of fibre loading (5, 10, and 15 wt.%) with fibre ratios of 1:1 were incorporated in the polypropylene matrix. Tensile, flexural, impact and hardness tests of the composites were subsequently carried out. The two combinations showed opposite trends for tensile strength and impact strength and similar trends for Young's modulus, elongation, flexural properties and hardness. Tensile strength of the onion root containing composites increased with an increase of fibre loading, while in the nylon containing composites, tensile strength decreased with an increase in fibre loading. Their Young's modulus increased and % elongation decreased with an increase in fibre content. Both flexural strength and flexural modulus increased with an increase in fibre content in both combinations. The impact strength of the onion root containing composites decreased with an increase in fibre loading, while the nylon containing composites showed the opposite trend. The hardness of both combinations increased with an increase in fibre content. The best set of properties were found at 15 wt% fibre loading in the nylon-broom grass-PP hybrid composite.


Photovoltaic behavior of the merocyanine dye family with a rhodanine ring has been systematically studied by employing eight different derivatives in the diode structure Al/evaporated dye/Ag. Each dye film behaves like a p-type semiconductor with a rectifying barrier at Al interface and an Ohmic contact at Ag electrode. The open circuit photovoltage as high as Voc≃1.5 V was observed for one of the derivatives, while the fill factor remained f.f.≃0.25 in all cases. The chemical stability of the dye molecules during and after evaporation is also discussed on the basis of the results obtained by the thin-layer chromatography.


Laser-phase-fluctuation-insensitive optical coherent detection scheme with two-tone local light and digital signal processing technique for a radio-over-fiber (RoF) signal is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Data recovery with the error vector magnitude of less than 14% rms is successfully performed for 10- and 2.5-Gbaud 25-GHz-band QPSK RoF signals. In addition, bit error rate of less than 10$^{-5}$ is also verified for 10-Gbaud 25-GHz-band QPSK RoF signal after 20-km fiber-optic transmission even if the light source with the linewidth of more than 10 MHz in the transmitter is used.


In linguistics it has not been possible to use the standard criteria and assumptions of science because the ancients placed our discipline not in the physical domain but in the logical domain where...


Globally, the decent work agenda has been promoted by the International Labor Organization (ILO) since 1999 and nowadays stated in the goals number 8 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2015-2030. At the national level, decent work is the right of all Indonesians as set forth in article 27 UUD 1945. In line with that premise, all workers regardless of their type are entitled to decent work, including college students who work on part-time contracts. The flexible working system on a part-time basis made college students possible to carry on their work and campus activities side by side. PT.Aseli Dagadu Djokdja (PT ADD) is one of the companies in Yogyakarta that employ college students on a part-time contract basis which commonly referred as Garda Depan. Using the conceptual framework of ILO's decent work, this paper aimed to describe the dynamics of decent work implemented within the company for their part-time workers, which consists of four components: employment, worker's rights, social security and social dialogue. By using a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, this study concludes that the flexibility of the working system made Garda Depan the vital element of the company. However, their position are vulnerable due to the absence of legal framework for part-time workers making the bargaining position of the company tend to be higher. Thus, the company becomes the main actor in creating a decent work environment, especially in determining decent remuneration, social security and creating rooms for social dialogues.


A class of inherently compressible integral equation formulations for problems of scattering by impenetrable objects, which makes use of generalized directional sources, is presented. The new formulation effectively reduces the problem's dimensionality and, thus, allows for efficient low-rank compression of moment matrices' off-diagonal blocks. When the formulation is used with a hierarchical matrix compression and factorization algorithm, a fast direct solver is obtained. The computational bottlenecks introduced by the proposed generalized formulation, in both the matrix-fill and matrix compression stages, are alleviated by using nonuniform sampling-based techniques. These techniques are described in detail for one choice of generalized sources, which use absorbing equivalent source shields, and can be extended to other shield types. The formulation's properties and limitations are studied and its enhanced compressibility is used for the development of a fast direct solver.


Seismic analysis of structures by using a finite element model based on the distributed mass system may provide a high accurate result. However, depending on their structural complexity and the size of the elements, it takes long time for analyzing them. To overcome such computational cost problem, a lumped-mass stick model is usually adapted. A conventional lumped mass model considering a geometric configuration like a tributary mass area can be accepted for a beam-to-column frame structure since it has specific locations to lump the mass. However, when the structure has no such specific locations, for instance tower and nuclear containment structures, the conventional model may provide a low accurate response result. In this paper, a new lumped-mass stick model is developed, based on the variations of frequencies and eigenvectors. The new model provides the same natural frequencies of actual structures. A nuclear containment building is considered for an application of the new model and its dynamic performance is evaluated through a time history analysis.


[Objective]The present experiment was conducted to study the effect of Bacillus subtilis strain Czk1 on controlling 13 rubber root pathogen and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in vitro.[Method]Antagonistic activity of Czk1 on 13 rubber root pathogens and C.gloeosporioides was determined in vitro using method of agar disk diffusion and isolated leaf inoculation.[Result]Czk1 had strong antagonistic effects on all the 13 rubber root pathogens and C.gloeosporioides,and its inhibitory effects lasted until 20th generation.Czk1 showed better biocontrol effects on C.gloeosporioides,specially after its spray before disease stage.[Conclusion]Bacillus subtilis strain Czk1 had strong antagonistic effects on most of the pathogenic fungi of rubber plant,viz.,Ganoderma pseudoferreum,Phellinus noxius,Helicobasidium compactum,Rigidoporus lignosus,Sphaerostilbe repens Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.With its characteristic broad antibacterial spectrum,steadyness and sustainability,it has a great potential for utilization in biocontrolling rubber plant pathogens.


Sketch are basic courses of art disciplines,it can shape students' professional skills,develop their own artistic aesthetic tendencies and character,sketch is applied to all aspects of professional training in art institutions.In this paper,use literature,logic analysis and other methods,analyze the problems of current college sketch teaching,and put forward a few suggestions on how to reform sketch teaching.


Hemipelagic sediments in the Sea of Japan(East Sea) during the last glaciation maximum(LGM) were characterized by centimeter-to decimeter-scale alternations of organic-poor light-gray layers,organic-rich dark-gray layers and homogenous layers.In association with the sedimentary characteristics,the alkenone sea surface temperatures(Uk'37-SSTs) of the central and southern Japan Sea were estimated and the results enabled us to understand the paleoceanographic evolutions in the study area during the LGM and its linkage with the East Asian monsoon(EAM).During 24.2~17.8 cal kaBP,deposition of the laminated layers had good relationship with the strengthening summer EAM,indicating that the EAM precipitation was the main cause for the oxygen-level variation of bottom water in the Japan Sea.The low Uk'37-SSTs in the northern Okinawa Trough during 24.2~17.8 cal kaBP further implied that the strong influx of East China Sea Coastal Water(ECSCW),which was regarded as lower-salinity and nutrient-enriched watermass and derived from the precipitation of summer EAM,had influence on the northern part of the East China Sea.Under the influence of weakened summer EAM or intensified winter EAM,the ventilation of deep water was reinforced and the suboxic or oxic bottom water dominated in the basins of Japan Sea during 30~24.2 and 17.8~15cal kaBP.Why there was the anomaly of high Uk'37-SSTs in the Japan Sea during 23~17.5 cal kaBP was not fully understood so far.It was generally accepted that the ventilation of deep water was blocked during this period by the density stratification of the water column as a result of excessive EAM precipitation,the surface salinity was low and the bottom was filled with static,anoxic water.


Combined histochemical and biochemical analysis revealed that psilocybin (5-50 mg/kg i.p.) and dimethyltryptamine (40-200 mg/kg i.p.) reduced the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) depletion in the brain and the spinal cord after amine synthesis inhibition, indicating reduced 5-HT turnover. This effect was not due to monoamine oxidase inhibition. The turnover of norepinephrine in the central nervous system was somewhat accelerated after the higher doses of psilocybin and dimethyltryptamine. In experiments on rat hindlimb reflexes, psilocybin (1-50 mg/kg i.p.) and N, N-dimethyltryptamine (10-50 mg/kg i.p.) caused changes similar to those seen after treatment with the 5-HT precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan, i.e., hyperextensions and athetoid movements. In this respect, tryptamine (50 mg/kg i.p.) was weakly effective and bufotenine (5-hydroxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine) (50-100 mg/kg i.p.) was not effective. These findings indicate a 5-HT receptor stimulation by psilocybin and dimethyltryptamine in the same way as has previously been found for d -lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), since the effects were independent of the known stores of 5-HT. The retardation of the 5-HT turnover after psilocybin and dimethyltryptamine may be caused by a negative feedback mechanism on the 5-HT neurons induced by the 5-HT receptor stimulation.


The use of positive feedback as a solution to maximum intrinsic gain degradation in scaled technologies is discussed. Criteria for increasing gain while keeping the system stable are derived in terms of a non-ideal amplifier model. The amplifier model, in an attempt to standardize positive feedback analysis on generic amplifiers, includes non idealities that traditional feedback theory does not, including finite input impedance and non-zero output impedance. This treatment shows that as amplifier open loop gain decreases, positive feedback can more readily be applied to increase that gain at a cost of a slightly more than one-to-one tradeoff with the amplifier bandwidth and minimal area overhead. This analysis shows that the concept of positive feedback is most useful in high bandwidth single stage amplifiers where gain is at a minimum. The theory is applied to a differential amplifier in 65 nm technology and is shown to increase the DC gain by more than 25 dB in silicon measurements.


Image smoothing is a useful and necessary part of image processing. Both the median and mean filters are popular smoothing methods, but there can be problems when these two filters are applied to an image corrupted by unknown noise. We present a spatial domain probability filter which achieves the advantages of median and mean filters. The aim of our probability filter is to provide a compromise between the two more conventional filters. We present experimental results and performance evaluation of the median, mean filters and this probability filter operating on an image corrupted by impulse-like or random noise.


Overweight and obesity in youth is a worldwide public health problem. Predisposition to obesity starts during the irst or second decade of life. Overweight and obesity in adolescents have a substantial effect upon many systems, resulting in clinical conditions such as metabolic syndrome, early atherosclerosis, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our study was done to ind the relation between body mass index (BMI) and lipid pro ile in young adults (18-20 years) and for the correlation between the various parameters. 150 young adults between 18-20 years of age, who gave written voluntary consent were included in the study. BMI was calculated after measuring height and weight along with fasting blood samples for estimation of blood glucose and lipid pro ile [total cholesterol, High-density lipoprotein (HDL), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and triacylglycerol (TGL)] were measured. The data collected were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the social sciences (SPSS) statistics software version 20. A linear correlation regression analysis was done to know the correlation between the anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameters. ANOVA test was performed to know the significance and a p-value of < 0.01 was taken as signi icant. All the biochemical parameters showed a positive correlation with BMI. Total cholesterol had the highest positive correlation with BMI. There was a prevalence of 39.3% overweight/obesity as per BMI cut-off. Individualswhowere in the obese category had a higher prevalence of abnormal lipid pro iles, especially total cholesterol. Stress and lack of physical activity have a detrimental effect on health and are a major risk factor for the development of obesity. 90% of the students in this study did not have any regular physical activity. Educating the students about the effects of obesity and dyslipidaemia on the quality of health can help in bringing lifestyle modi ications that can help them in the long run.


A gas-plate reactor coated with a commercial titanium dioxide (TiO2) was used to investigate the performance of ultraviolet photocatalytic oxidation (UV-PCO) of ethanol and acetone contained in air. The device was challenged with organic compound mixtures: ethanol and acetone. The influence of the interaction, temperature, air flow rate on the conversion rate has been studied for the compounds. The result shows that the presence of ethanol reduces the initial degradation rate of acetone, the inhibition increases with increasing of ethanol in the system. This could not be interpreted by classic Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) model. Acetone also inhibits the degradation of ethanol but it still can be described by L-H model. Acetaldehyde in the system comes from the degradation of ethanol, the behaviour of production and consumption of which is affected by the amount of ethanol and acetone in the mixture. Temperature significantly affects the degradation of organic compounds. Increasing the temperature accelerates the degradation of ethanol and acetone as well as the degradation of acetaldehyde, an intermediate produced in the system. Conversion efficiency generally diminished with increased airflow rate. The surface reaction mainly controls the oxidation rate while the gas-phase mass transfer effect is negligible.


Product quality is the biggest influencer that determines the bottom-line in a commodity business like consumer electronics. And in a domain like medical industry, the quality/reliability is even more paramount as it directly deals with the safety of human lives. A technique like FMEA (Failure modes and effects analysis) is very useful in such an endeavor to identify potential failure modes and design weaknesses, assess the risk of failures and provide for preventive/corrective actions. This has been proven in the hardware industry for years and a standard practice in those disciplines.
 Software is at the heart of all the products and services, be it consumer devices, medical devices, or banking services etc. In order to provide a reliable and error free product/service it is essential that the potential risks/issues are anticipated well in advance during the requirements/design phase itself and prevented from occurring during the user experience. FMEA is an ideal technique that can be used to accomplish this. However the adoption of this mechanism is relatively nascent in the software industry and copying it as-is from hardware can make this exercise very counter-productive and render it less useful.
 The fundamental question then is -- does this time-proven technique of FMEA really work in a software development scenario? And if yes how is this done? Are there any pitfalls that software teams should be aware of when doing an FMEA? This paper is an attempt to answer all these questions by assimilating the learning's out of defining and deploying software FMEAs. The paper begins by positioning FMEA in the software life cycle, details out the process steps and tailored definitions that can be used in software with some results. The essence of this paper is really the lessons learnt from the experience of deploying FMEAs in various software development projects.


Calculations, based on crystal-field theory, are presented for the zero-field ground-state ${(}^{8}$${\mathrm{S}}_{7/2}$) splitting of ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$-doped ${\mathrm{LaF}}_{3}$ (single crystal). These agree, within experimental error, with those measured by EPR. This is the first case where a small (ground-state) zero-field splitting for ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$ can be explained through crystal-field theory alone, the results being in agreement with the excited-state splittings.


Upon its discovery, the low-density transiting Neptune HAT-P-26b showed a 2.1σ detection drift in its spectroscopic data, while photometric data showed a weak curvature in the timing residuals, the confirmation of which required further follow-up observations. To investigate this suspected variability, we observed 11 primary transits of HAT-P-26b between March, 2015, and July, 2018. For this, we used the 2.15 m Jorge Sahade Telescope placed in San Juan, Argentina, and the 1.2 m STELLA and the 2.5 m Nordic Optical Telescope, both located in the Canary Islands, Spain. To add to valuable information on the transmission spectrum of HAT-P-26b, we focused our observations in the R-band only. To contrast the observed timing variability with possible stellar activity, we carried out a photometric follow-up of the host star over three years. We carried out a global fit to the data and determined the individual mid-transit times focusing specifically on the light curves that showed complete transit coverage. Using bibliographic data corresponding to both ground and space-based facilities, plus our new characterized mid-transit times derived from parts-per-thousand precise photometry, we observed indications of transit timing variations in the system, with an amplitude of ~4 min and a periodicity of ~270 epochs. The photometric and spectroscopic follow-up observations of this system will be continued in order to rule out any aliasing effects caused by poor sampling and the long-term periodicity.


Abstract Romanian environmental non-governmental organisations (ENGO) have to deal with a lot of issues when performing their activities, related in general to their form of organization, financial capacity, unspecialized workforce, over bureaucratic administration, political parties' unwillingness to cooperate, or mass-media's general indifference. Moreover, most public representatives (e.g., political parties) seldom (or never) ask for the ENGOs' opinions when designing environmental policies. Within this context, this paper aims to map the most important issues or challenges (in terms of financial capacity and with regard to the public sphere) that Romanian ENGOs have to deal with. The methodological approach is a mixed one (having a qualitative as well as a quantitative component). The study embodies a questionnaire based survey applied on 48 Romanian ENGOs. Unfortunately, the instability of financial resources still tops the Romanian ENGOs' list of issues. Moreover, the data reaffirmed the indifference of the majority of Romania's political parties towards protecting the environment (leaving ENGOs out of the political decision making process).


A top board structure of a high place installation type air conditioner, wherein a plurality of parallel reinforcement ribs (35) arranged parallel with each other are formed on a top board (32) forming the top face of a body casing and suspendedly supporting a fan and a fan motor. When the plate thickness of the top board is equal to that of a conventional one in which radial reinforcement ribs are formed, the maximum deflection thereof is smaller than that of the conventional one and, accordingly, the resonance rotational speed is higher than that of the conventional one.


he effect of etomidate on
cardJac function was observed in animals and patients. The results showed that etomidate has
certain negative inotropic effect on cardiac function and the effect will in- crease with the
increase of dosage, but the cardiac depressive effect was slight with clinically used
dosage(0.3mg/kg ).It is suggested that etomidate can be used in the anesthesia of
cardiovascular surgery and may be suitabie for anesthesia of operation performed on ships.
However,special care must be made to monitor the heart rate decrease which often occured
when etomidate was used in combination with fentanyl.


Background:Among physicians who perform endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), the relationship between procedure volume and outcome is unknown. Objective:Quantify the ERCP volume-outcome relationship by measuring provider-specific failure rates, hospitalization rates, and other quality measures. Research Design:Retrospective cohort. Subjects:A total of 16,968 ERCPs performed by 130 physicians between 2001 and 2011, identified in the Indiana Network for Patient Care. Measures:Physicians were classified by their average annual Indiana Network for Patient Care volume and stratified into low (<25/y) and high (≥25/y). Outcomes included failed procedures, defined as repeat ERCP, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography or surgical exploration of the bile duct⩽7 days after the index procedure, hospitalization rates, and 30-day mortality. Results:Among 15,514 index ERCPs, there were 1163 (7.5%) failures; the failure rate was higher among low (9.5%) compared with high volume (5.7%) providers (P<0.001). A second ERCP within 7 days (a subgroup of failure rate) occurred more frequently when the original ERCP was performed by a low-volume (4.1%) versus a high-volume physician (2.3%, P=0.013). Patients were more frequently hospitalized within 24 hours when the ERCP was performed by a low-volume (28.3%) versus high-volume physician (14.8%, P=0.002). Mortality within 30 days was similar (low=1.9%, high=1.9%). Among low-volume physicians and after adjusting, the odds of having a failed procedure decreased 3.3% (95% confidence interval, 1.6%–5.0%, P<0.001) with each additional ERCP performed per year. Conclusions:Lower provider volume is associated with higher failure rate for ERCP, and greater need for postprocedure hospitalization.


This study selected the undergraduate students in art major as the population, and collected a total of 367 students, including 122 major in dance, 87 major in music major and 158 major in design major. In order to solve the research problems, exploratory factor analysis and correlation analysis were performed using the SPSS Ver20.0 statistical program, followed by one-way ANOVA, t-test, and multiple regression analysis. As a result, first, the difference of parents and teachers' support of autonomy and career preparation behavior according to the personal characteristics of undergraduate students in art major showed that musical department was higher than dance and design department in major satisfaction and teacher autonomy. In career counseling and information gathering, dance and music were higher than design. In the gender, female counseling was higher than male counseling. There was no difference between family average income and mother's education level. Second, as a result of difference in career preparation behavior according to the recognition of major in undergraduate students in art major, it was found that career counseling and information gathering were higher than those who were very satisfied or satisfied with major. Third, parents and teachers' support of autonomy had a positive effect on parental autonomy support in career counseling, career counseling, and autonomy support in information gathering. Therefore, the degree of awareness of the major and parents 'and teachers' support of autonomy seems to be related to career preparation behavior.


This article analyses the relationship of ethnic prejudice and discriminatory behavioral intentions in Germany. We utilize two representative surveys conducted in 2002 and 2004 (N= 2,722 and 1,383, respectively) as well as a longitudinal study with three annual measurement points (2002–2004; N= 825). Results show that prejudice is substantially correlated with the respondents' reports of their own discriminatory intentions (R= .33 to .49). Controlling for additional psychological variables, the cross-lagged, longitudinal analyses support the causal hypothesis that prejudice leads to discriminatory intentions. Additional influences on discriminatory intentions—intergroup threat and intergroup contact—are substantially mediated by ethnic prejudice. Thus, a practical implication of these results is that the reduction of intergroup threat and increment of intergroup contact may well lead to both reduced intergroup prejudice and to less discriminatory behavior.


For vet Liz Munro - and international diver Tom Daley - crafting is a great way to relieve stress. Here Liz explains why, and gives her tips for giving crafting a go.


Prior research on citizen participation has noted the tension between fostering an inclusive policymaking process and simultaneously maintaining a competent pool of participating citizens. This stu...


This research is to verify early child teachers' ego-strength and self-efficacy that effect to problem solving. The subjects are included 293 in-service teachers in K city and J province. The research tools are ego-strength scale, self-efficacy scale and problem-solving scale. The data is disposed of t-test, one-way analysis of variance, correlation and regression analysis. As a result, eco-strength, self-efficacy and problem-solving that have a correlation, in addition, variable to effect to self-strength and self-efficacy as solving problems. Therefore, early child teachers are able to own psychological conflict and anxiety which can be disturbing in teaching young children in warm and comfortable ways. It is required to develop a self-growth program to increase ego-strength, self-efficacy, and problem-solving.


'Understanding child poverty and well-being' (Programme cycle 2006–2009) http://www.unicef-irc.org/cgi-bin/unicef/research/main.sql?file=scheda_projects.sql& key=179 Innocenti report card 7: 'Child poverty in perspective: an overview of child well-being in rich countries' http://www.unicef-irc.org/cgi-bin/unicef/Lunga.sql?ProductID=445 Innocenti report card 8: 'The child care transition: a league table of early childhood education and care in economically advanced countries' http://www.unicef-irc.org/cgi-bin/unicef/Lunga.sql?ProductID=507 'Children's perspectives on economic adversity: a review of the literature' Innocenti Discussion Papers, 2008–01 Gerry Redmond http://www.unicef-irc.org/cgi-bin/unicef/Lunga.sql?ProductID=497 'Through children's eyes an initial study of children's personal experiences and coping strategies growing up poor in an affluent Netherlands' Innocenti Working Papers, 2005–06 Tamara van der Hoek http://www.unicef-irc.org/cgi-bin/unicef/Lunga.sql?ProductID=395


Today's exploration geochemist is faced with a twosided challenge of working with expanding volumes of multielement geochemical data and needing to effectively use computer software to extract meaningful information from this data. Data and information -combined with expert knowledge -represent the key resources required to evaluate potential mineral exploration targets and reach a decision about the viability of these targets.


Tested with different methods, the paper tries to prove the yarn spun by compact spinning used the inspiratory trough-like roller is betten than the yarn spun by traditional spinning method.And the results show that the compact spinning method with inspiratory through-like roller is accepted but the craft parameters should be further optimized.


Exchange of notes constituting an arrangement concerning the promotion of the project "Centre for training, advanced training and technology for the wood and furniture sector" at Sao Jose dos Pinhais, i n the State of Parana. Brasilia, 10 September 1992


Glaucoma is an ocular disease which constitutes a health problem due to its severity and frequency, because it occupies the second place as cause of irreversible blindness in the world and the first cause in Cuba. Many of its clinical ways are asymptomatic, so that the optic nerve deteriorates slowly and make patients to go to the ophthalmologist in advanced stages of the morbid process. The glaucomatous neuropathy limits considerably the capacities of the sick persons to act and to enjoy the life fully, to what it is added that its socioeconomic repercussion is enormous, so that today it represents a medical priority in numerous countries.


The kinetic-energy dependences of the reactions of Nin+ (n=2–16) with D2 are studied in a guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometer. The products observed are NinD+ for all clusters and NinD2+ for n=5–16. Reactions for formation of NinD+ are observed to exhibit thresholds, whereas cross sections for formation of NinD2+ (n=5–16) exhibit no obvious barriers to reaction. Rate constants of D2 chemisorption on the cationic clusters are compared with results from previous work on neutral nickel clusters. Nin+–D bond energies as a function of cluster size are derived from threshold analysis of the kinetic-energy dependence of the endothermic reactions, and are compared to previously determined metal–metal bond energies, D0(Nin+–Ni). The bond energies of Nin+–D generally increase as the cluster size increases, and parallel those for Nin+–Ni for many clusters. These trends are explained in terms of electronic and geometric structures for the Nin+ clusters. The bond energies of Nin+–D for larger clusters (n⩾11) are ...


Although some normal papers have now come on about attorney fee transfer,the formulae are not formed yet as a universal system construction.The debate between the academic and actual practice is in fact about the difference of policy choice and interest balancing.The ultimate reason for this is the deletion of system construction resulted from the lawsuit ideas and the cultural barriers in the process of conversion from the mode of inquisitional system of litigious relationship to that of the adversary.Under the frame of litigious relationship of the adversary,we should give a correct valuation of the function and position of lawyers.


The linearized energy and momentum balance equations of the single electron gas transport model are considered. A general analytic solution is obtained for transient velocity responses to arbitrary time dependent field perturbations. A criterion for the occurrence of velocity overshoot following a field step is determined. Various characteristics of such overshoot are established, and a new ''differential overshoot mobility'' is defined. Compact analytic expressions are obtained for Thornber's augmented drift‐diffusion overshoot coefficient B, and the small‐signal complex mobility. Calculated results are presented for electron transport in silicon at 77, 300, and 450 K, for material that is undoped and for material that is doped n type at a level of 1018 cm−3.


Infections still remain a major cause of therapy-associated morbidity and mortality in pediatric cases with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Down syndrome (DS) children have an approximately 10-20 fold higher incidence of acute leukemia and approximately 150 fold increased risk of developing myeloid leukemia of DS (ML-DS).  Multi-drug resistant (MDR-GNB) Gram-negative bacterial septicaemia is an emerging global challenge. Authors are reporting a 4 and half year old boy with diagnosis Acute Megakaryocytic Leukemia (AMKL) who developed septicaemia and diaper rash. MDR E. coli was isolated and he was treated with fosfomycin followed by colistin. The boy developed cardiac arrest with chest compression and expired.


For different distributions of the fiber bundles in matrix materials,a micromechanical model was developed to investigate the effective properties of the composites.The composites consist of a solid matrix and fiber bundles.It is assumed that the composite has a periodic microstructure and the contact between fibers in the fiber bundle is smooth.The stiffness coefficients,transverse Young's modulus,shear modulus and Poisson ratio of the composites are calculated by the two-scale expansion method.The numerical results are compared with the experimental data.It is indicated that the distributions of the fiber bundle can directly affect the effective properties of the composites.


We construct regular components of the moduli space of stable maps from curves of genus g to a product of two projective spaces. These components are generically smooth and have the expected dimension predicted by deformation theory. This result can be seen as a general position theorem for loci in M g consisting of curves carrying exceptional linear series.


Background: Cochlear dysfunction can arise not only from various factors such as ear diseases but also from systemic disorders of the body. The occurrence of otologic symptoms such as hearing loss, dizziness, and tinnitus can be due to cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, current understandings in the field of the diagnosis and therapy of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) should include, among others, evidence of otologic disorders. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the association between risk factors for CVD and cochlear dysfunction. Methods: The cross-sectional study included 128 participants with major CVD risk factors who underwent auditory function examination (pure tone audiometry). Results: There were 52 women (40.6%) and 76 men (59.4%) in total. The mean age of the participants was 58 years (a range of 28–83 years). The mean age among participants with hearing loss was 60 (±10.88), whereas the mean age among participants that had normal hearing thresholds was 54 (±12.18). Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) was measured in 59% of participants, of most frequent mild degree hearing loss. The prevalence of SNHL was higher in participants with arterial hypertension (P < 0.001, OR = 5.881, 95% CI 2.694–12.837) and the most common among them was moderate degree hearing impairment (38%). There is also a statistically significant association of SNHL with dyslipidemia and elevated body mass index (P < 0.001, [OR]: 4.118, 95% [CI]: 1.873–9.053 and P< 0.001, [OR]: 1.517, 95% [CI]: 1.237–1.859 ) with moderate and profound hearing loss. Conclusion: Based on the data obtained, it seems that the presence of major cardiovascular risk factors was a significant predictor for cochlear dysfunction.


. Due to current sociocultural transforma-tions, the system of national higher education has sig-nificantly reduced its effectiveness, which is indirect-ly prooved by numerous international ratings, where Russian universities keep far leading positions. Many attempts of the authorities to strengthen the financing of concrete Russian universities in the beginning of the XXI century were not successful and merely pushed aside the moment when it became obvious that the approaches used were not efficient to ensure the com-petitiveness of national education in the context of increasing globalization. In higher education system, the gap between the high-speed flow of vor of a product with «growing surplus value», which will lead to the inevitability of high-tech, high-value, competitive higher education and low-cost depreciate «higher education», aimed at supporting the produc-tion of cheap uncompetitive labor, which is unclaimed outside the domestic market.


This study investigated how people integrate different kinds of knowledge in coming to understand the functions of components of a physical system. Twenty-three undergraduates worked on a hypothesis-testing task in which they constructed test circuits to decide the identity of electrical components hidden inside boxes. The students' problem-solving was driven by qualitative causal models that included ideas about cause and effect, task demands, and functions of circuits and circuit components. There was a hierarchy of four causal models, with higher levels representing increasing understanding and supporting increasingly successful problem solution. These causal models were associated with characteristic experimentation strategies, including strategies for generating evidence, interpreting evidence, and managing memory requirements. Some of these strategies followed directly from the causal model a student held, whereas others appeared to be more general. The level of understanding a student eventually attained about this physical system was a function of both domain knowledge and proficiency in experimentation strategies. Language: en


The brainstem contains several critical areas involved in control of behavioral arousal, wake-sleep cycle, cardiovascular function, and respiration. Sleep and arousal are associated with profound changes in arterial pressure, heart rate, and respiration. Reciprocally, signals from brainstem areas controlling these functions promote arousal from sleep. These interactions involve neurons distributed throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the brainstem (figure 1). These neurons primarily utilize the excitatory amino-acid l-glutamate or the inhibitory amino acid γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and their activity is modulated in a state-dependent manner by cholinergic, monoaminergic, and peptidergic neurons in the brainstem and hypothalamus. Recent studies in rodents using optogenetic and other approaches for selective activation or inactivation of specific groups of brainstem neurons, identified by their unique expression of neurochemical markers, have led to a reevaluation of classical concepts on the brainstem mechanisms controlling arousal, wake-sleep cycle,1–3 cardiovascular function4–6 and respiration.7,8 Some of the findings are supported by clinico-pathological correlations in humans and provide insight into the brainstem pathophysiology of disorders such as multiple system atrophy (MSA), obstructive sleep apnea, congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, sudden infantile death syndrome, and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.


In this work we consider scale anisotropic transformations between space and time in classical mechanics. The degree of anisotropy is measure by the dynamical exponent z. We build an action that is consistent with the dispersion relation of Hořava gravity [1]. For z=2 our model corresponds to the conformal mechanics of Alfaro, Fubini and Furlan. Furthermore, we introduce a canonical transformation which connects directly the Hořava type particle with the relativistic particle.


This paper analyzes the desirability of relaxing constraints on non-pro-rata share issuances and examines amendments to Australian listing rules that have done so. The Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) recently amended its listing rules to allow small-cap companies to issue up to 25% of their share capital at a discount of up to 25% (up from 15% issue at a 15% discount), if the company satisfies certain requirements (including approval of a supermajority of shareholders). The new changes have the potential to distort the shareholder-register. Further, if the equity issue is made to an existing blockholder (or blockholders), the super-majority requirement for the issue to take-place may only require a minority of non-blockholder-shareholders to agree. However, existing directors' duties and shareholder remedies should be sufficient to protect shareholders from abuse of the new rules. Thus, they could provide additional flexibility to firms who may require significant capital-injections in order to undertake major investments or raise capital to stave-off financial distress.


Let us imagine a language . . . The language is meant to serve for communication between a builder A and an assistant B. A is building with building-stones; there are blocks, pillars, slabs and beams. B has to pass the stones, and that in the order in which A needs them. For this purpose they use a language consisting of the words 'block', 'pillar', 'slab', 'beam'. A calls them out; –B brings the stone which he has learnt to bring at such-and-such a call. – Conceive this as a complete primitive language. (Wittgenstein, 1967, passage 2)


In this paper, we propose two main points. The first is the constraint for logic synthesis, and the second is an efficient logic synthesis method. Logic synthesis is a process to obtain the gate-level netlist from RTL (register transfer level) codes using logic mapping and optimization with the specified constraints. The result of logic synthesis is tightly dependent on constraint and logic synthesis method. Since the size and timing can be dramatically changed by these, we should precisely consider them. In this paper, we present the considering items in the process of logic synthesis by using our experience and experimental results. The proposed techniques was applied to a circuit with the hardware resource of about 650K gates. The synthesis time for the hybrid method was reduced by 47% comparing the bottom-up method and It has better timing property about slack than top-down method.


We provide a general formulation of electromagnetic scattering by a Perfect Electrical Conductor (PEC) object in arbitrary motion in the context of Hertzian Electrodynamics, which is followed by an application to the canonical problem of scattering of dominant TE mode incidence in presence of a PEC termination in accelerated rotational motion. Analytical solutions, which apply for arbitrary variations of angular velocity, are derived and supported with measurement results.


An estimation problem of water quality of a river is considered. The BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) and DO (dissolved oxygen) are regarded as two major quantities to investigate the water quality. First, based on the couple of steady-state transport equations for substance concentrations, the stable water quality equations are derived, and then the state space representation is obtained. By formulating the observation process from which the observation data on the BOD and DO are measured, the Kalman filter is derived. Finally, simulation studies are presented.


Water solution of PCL-PEG-PCL triblock copolymer has low critical solution temperature,which can be used to prepare thermosensitive hydrogel and can be used as drug carrier in biomedical field.β-cyclodextrin derivatives were used as molecule capsules,which improve water solubility of hydrophobic drug and improve drug loading and release ability of PCL-PEG-PCL hydrogel to hydrophobic drug.Quercetin was used as model hydrophobic drug in the experiments.The solubility of quercetin was greatly improved because microcapsule packaging structure was formed by complexation between quercetin and β-cyclodextrin;blended solution was also formed by quickly solving of PCL-PEG-PCL triblock copolymer in quercetin/β-cyclodextrin derivatives water solution,which quickly changed to hydrogel state when temperature rise to human body temperature.Slow releasing experiments of quercetin were carried out in buffered solution,slow releasing effect of hydrophobic drug by PCL-PEG-PCL hydrogels realized,and β-cyclodextrin derivatives also acted as drug carrier in the slow releasing process.


A newly formed thermal convectional testing apparatus in high- temperature NaK was used. NaK was circulated at a comparatively low flow rate in the time range from 500 to 1,500 hr at 600 deg C. The inner wall of the specimen tubes was examined by microscopic examination. The results are as follows: (1) The shapes of inward deposited metals in tubes are the most important fact in this case. (2) At a low flow rate, there are no changes for steel compositions or welding methods after long exposure testing. (3) With the lapse of exposure time, microstructure of the specimens differ slightly from original state (especially deposited metal parts). (auth)


Bayesian inferences in high energy physics often use uniform prior distributions for parameters about which little or no information is available before data are collected. The resulting posterior distributions are therefore sensitive to the choice of parametrization for the problem and may even be improper if this choice is not carefully considered. Here we describe an extensively tested methodology, known as reference analysis, which allows one to construct parametrization-invariant priors that embody the notion of minimal informativeness in a mathematically well-defined sense. We apply this methodology to general cross section measurements and show that it yields sensible results. A recent measurement of the single-top quark cross section illustrates the relevant techniques in a realistic situation.


Aims The study aims to compare the attitude of early clinical year medical students towards people with mental illness at the beginning and the end of their psychiatry teaching schedule. It hypothesizes that long exposure to psychiatry lectures can help to reduce the negative attitude. Background Health professionals are also known to harbour negative attitude towards people with mental illness. Reducing stigma among medical students is crucial to shape the attitude of future health professionals towards people with mental illness. However, the effect of Psychiatry training on the attitude of the medical students shows mixed results. Method It was a prospective longitudinal study conducted among fourth year medical students affiliated with a teaching hospital in Southern Nepal as an initiative to improve quality of Psychiatry training for medical students. The students who gave their consent for participation were assessed for their attitude at the beginning, after the first two introductory lectures and at the end of the Psychiatry lecture-based teaching schedule (36 two weekly lectures in 5 month period), using self-administered 16-item Mental Illness Clinician's Attitudes Scale (MICA-2) 'medical students version' questionnaire in English language. Permission was taken from the author of the study to use the scale. IRB approval was taken prior to the study. Result A total of 95 (approx. 67%) students participated in the study. At the first follow-up i.e. second week, (n = 85), there was no significant difference in negative attitude as assessed by MICA score (p = 0.47). However, at six months follow-up (n = 82), the negative attitude significantly differed compared to the baseline (p < 0.001). Conclusion While brief lectures about mental illness can provide some knowledge about mental illness, long term exposure to psychiatry lectures can reduce attitude of medical students on people with mental illness. Hence, it is also crucial to incorporate academic contents that reduce negative attitude about people with mental illness. Financial declaration: The study was self-funded by the department of Psychiatry at National Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Parsa, Nepal.


This article considers the quality of life as an indicator system, characterizing realization degree of people's life strategy level, satisfaction of their living needs. To reach maximum high quality of people's life is a priority aim of social market economy and implementation of effective policy of people's well being is one of the important prerequisites providing realization of this task. The main government strategy in resolving of state tasks in overcoming poverty in Tajik republic is provision of essential people's income growth, increase of minimum labor wage and base pension degree till the living minimum.


The performance of atmospheric communication system is limited by the atmospheric turbulence. In this paper, we present a practical 10Gbps DPSK transmission system for free space optical (FSO) communication with low error probability and wide-opening eye diagram. Compared to OOK modulation, DPSK format is a more effective way to resist the atmospheric turbulence. In addition, we designed parameters of this modulation system to be varied as the channel situation changed to achieve an optimized performance. The experiment results show that such a DPSK system could greatly overcome the atmospheric turbulence.


AbstractAn 83-year-old woman presented to the emergency room from her nursing home with bright-red blood per rectum. Her vital signs were stable and she had a low hemoglobin level of 8 g/100 mL. A radionuclide bleeding scan demonstrated pooling of labeled red blood cells within focally dilated postc


We compare two SAT-based bounded model checking algorithms for the properties expressed in the existential fragment of a soft real-time computation tree logic (RTECTL) and in the existential fragment of computation tree logic (ECTL). To this end, we use the generic pipeline paradigm (GPP) and the train controller system (TC), the classic concurrency problems, which we formalise by means of a finite transition system. We consider several properties of the problems that can be expressed in both RTECTL and ECTL, and we present the performance evaluation of the mentioned bounded model checking methods by means of the running time and the memory used.


A simple and inexpensive intensity stabilizing circuit is described, designed for use with a Coherent Radiation 52 A argon laser. It works by sampling the laser beam with a photocell and controlling intensity fluctuations through corrections applied to the laser power supply. Using this circuit, the noise level has been reduced from 1% to less than 0.002%. Over periods of days no measurable change (<1%) in intensity could be detected, thus demonstrating stability against changes in room temperature and control of long term drift of the laser.


The design of the driving circuit for high speed CCD is one of the key technologies for the successful application of CCD camera in its image acquisition.Taking the CCD image sensors named IL-P3 produced by DALSA company recently for example,by analyzing the request of its driving schedules,and combining the FPGA with the Verilog hardware description language,the driving circuit for high speed CCD,whose exposure time can be controlled,has been designed.The designed driving circuit has been successfully simulated with quartusⅡ software.Complex programmable logic device EP1C12Q240C8(a kind of cyclone product made by ALTERA Company) has been chosen as the hardware design platform.Simulation and experiments indicates,this design of the driving circuit can satisfy the requirement of driving time series.


Objective The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a new method of cardiac assistant therapy with an extra-aortic balloon pump on the experimental dogs in which myocardial ischemia or infarction were induced, and to ob serve its effectiveness and feasibility. Methods Twelve animal models of myocardia 1 infarction were established with the method of left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. They were divided randomly into two groups, six in the experimental group and six in the untreated group. The end points observed were the differences between the two groups in the blood pressure, cardiac function, myocardial enzymes, infarction size and routine blood variables before procedure, 1,2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours after myocardial infarction. Results All six dogs in the experimental group were survived, with a mortality rate of 0.The number of death in the control group was three, with a mortality rate of 50%. Measurements such as mean blood pressure,cardiac output, cardiac index in the experimental group were better than those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). Mean heart rate before myocardial infarction in the experimental group was 156 beats per minute, as compared with 148 beats per minute in the control group, and was 128 vs. 67 beats per minute respectively six hours after myocardial infarction. The cardiac output was 3.48 vs. 4.98 liters per minute before myocardial infarction and was 6.10 vs. 0.85 liters per minute six hours after myocardial infarction. The average pressure was 94 mm Hg vs. 99 mm Hg before myocardial infarction and was 70 mm Hg vs. 33 mm Hg six hours after myocardial infarction. Conclusion The extra-aortic balloon pump significantly improved the hemodynamic variables of the experimental animals after myocardial infarction and reduced mortality. Injury to the blood cells may be the potential disadvantage.

Key words:
Myocardial infarction; Myocardium; Intra-aortic balloon pump; Extra-aortic balloon pump


This article examines the relevance of Sufism morality education in developing character of pluralism in Indonesia. Through the library research methodology with a historical-philosophical approach, the results show that someone practicing Sufism morality has a high level of tolerance while dealing with the issue of diversity. Internalizing Sufism moral values in modern life strengthens spiritual, personal and social intelligence. In pluralism, Sufism morality teaches two clear and explicit principles. This includes exclusivity in theology and the principle of inclusiveness in the socialinteractive aspects. These principles guide how to socialize with community members having different backgrounds. In the context of Indonesia, the noble values of Sufism can be developed to strengthen various pillars and build harmony among religious communities, raise historical awareness and cultural maturity.


As an important part of the innate immune system of all organisms, antimicrobial peptides, are considered as a possible solution for fighting bacter


This paper provides parametric estimates of embodied carbon reductions when structural components are reused in a typical office building. First, a lower bound of structural material quantities is estimated for a typical steel frame structure in a low-rise office building. The embodied carbon of this conventional design is then compared with values collected from a series of similar existing steel buildings (deQo database) as benchmark. Various scenarios regarding the impact of selective deconstruction, transportation, and cross-section oversizing are modelled and parameterized. The study eventually computes carbon savings over one life cycle of the building project. Results show that reuse remains beneficial for long transport and high oversizing. The discussion calls for more comprehensive studies and refined metrics for quantifying selective deconstruction.


Pairwise decomposition of the interaction energy between molecules is shown to be a powerful tool that can increase our understanding of macromolecular recognition processes. Herein we calculate the pairwise decomposition of the interaction energy between the protein human carbonic anhydrase II (HCAII) and the fluorine-substituted ligand N-(4-sulfamylbenzoyl)benzylamine (SBB) using semiempirical quantum mechanics based methods. We dissect the interaction between the ligand and the protein by dividing the ligand and the protein into subsystems to understand the structure-activity relationships as a result of fluorine substitution. In particular, the off-diagonal elements of the Fock matrix that is composed of the interaction between the ionic core and the valence electrons and the exchange energy between the subsystems or atoms of interest is examined in detail. Our analysis reveals that the fluorine-substituted benzylamine group of SBB does not directly affect the binding energy. Rather, we find that the strength of the interaction between Thr199 of HCAII and the sulfamylbenzoyl group of SBB affects the binding affinity between the protein and the ligand. These observations underline the importance of the sulfonamide group in binding affinity as shown by previous experiments (Maren, T. H.; Wiley: C. E. J. Med. Chem. 1968, 11, 228-232). Moreover, our calculations qualitatively agree with the structural aspects of these protein-ligand complexes as determined by X-ray crystallography.


This study investigated whether adolescents` perception s of coaching behavior and social behaviors differ by gender and sport career, and examined the relationships among these variables. Subjects were 740 high school athletes (516 males, 224 females). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and 2(gender)(sport career) MANOVA. Results of MANOVA indicated that the interaction between gender and sport career significantly influenced to the level of prosocial behaviors on opponents. Male athletes perceived their coaches` behaviors more controlled and showed higher antisocial behaviors to opponents than female athletes. Athletes with low sport career reported higher antisocial behaviors on opponents than those with high careers. Autonomy-supportive coaching behaviors were positively associated with prosocial behaviors, but negatively related with antisocial behaviors. Controlled coaching behaviors were positively associated with antisocial behaviors.


In the preceding article the Schrodinger equation and its solution are developed for the problem of translation—rotation energy exchange in a representation of rotor functions separately quantized along the moving interparticle axis. The quantum‐mechanical time‐dependent differential equations for the coefficients in this representation are obtained by the method of variation of constants with a time‐dependent potential calculated from a classical trajectory and a symmetrized, initial relative kinetic energy. These equations are solved numerically for a limited number of basis functions, with intermultiplet transitions neglected, for some atom—diatomic systems. The isotropic part of the potential is taken to be a Lennard‐Jones (12, 6) potential, with parameters appropriate for the cases K–HBr, Cs–HBr, and Li–HBr. For the present exploratory calculations the anisotropic part is assumed to be proportional to the inverse sixth power of the interparticle distance and to have P2 symmetry. Probabilities of inel...


We very much appreciate the comments of Dr. Morales. We want to make clear that we do not insist on our proposed acronym HAM (hypogonadism of the aging male). We wholeheartedly agree with the terms 'testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS)' or 'androgen deficiency syndrome (ADS)'. As Dr. Morales points out, the first designation appears to be more appropriate because deficiency of a specific androgen, testosterone, is known to be the major problem of aging men [1]. We would like to support the use of the two acronyms as proposed by a well-known authority in the field of the Aging Male.


Background: Pregnant women who are less physically active tend to have an prolonged labor that increases the risk of maternal and fetal death
Objective: To determine the influence of yoga pregnancy guidance to knowledge, attitudes and skills of
pregnant women in implementing yoga.

Method: Pre-experimental research design of one group pretest-posttest design and use Purposive sampling technique, has been conducted on 30 respondents. Knowledge and attitude variables were measured using a questionnaire, skills observed by observation sheets. Statistical test using Wilcoxon test.
Results: This study noted that knowledge increased in the first post test counted 24 people (p value ≤ 0.001) and knowledge increased in the second post test as many as 28 people (p value ≤ 0.001). The attitudes of pregnant women increased in the first post test by 14 people (p value ≤ 0.001) and the attitude increased in the second post test by 24 people (p value ≤ 0.001). Maternal skills improved in the first post test of 16 people (p value ≤ 0.001) and skills increased in the second post test by 30 people (p value ≤ 0.001).
Conclusions: There are significant influence of yoga pregnancy guidance on knowledge, attitudes and skills
of pregnant women in implementing yoga


Academic research on urban shrinkage and depopulation has advanced significantly in recent years, mostly by attributing causality between the reasons and consequences of shrinkage in the positivist tradition of planning research. This paper critically analyzes shrinkage and depopulation as an issue of planning and policymaking in a broader institutional context. By applying a qualitative interpretive policy analysis methodology to planning and policy narratives from Spain, Germany and The Netherlands, this article highlights and scrutinizes how policymakers and planners have framed shrinkage, and how this framing has justified some of the selected planning and policy approaches. It is concluded that framing shrinkage in practice may only partially encompass the scientific definitions. It is also concluded that framing shrinkage and depopulation as a crisis may be determined by locally and temporally important issues as well as differences in planning cultures, which in practice may distance the understanding of the phenomenon from the scientific definitions. Debates on shrinkage conceptualization and the development of new planning concepts can become more applicable in practice by incorporating insights from qualitative investigations. This can bring them closer to planning practice and embed them in a wider planning system context, so as to produce more applicable and contextually sensitive proposals for addressing shrinkage.


We give a new multi-objective genetic algorithm which features a group of uniformly scattered search directions toward the Pareto frontier obtained by using the uniform design technique and two crossover,mutate methods based on the characteristic of flexible job-shop scheduling.Then,the niching,excellence reservation and genetic parameters adaptation technique are used.These methods increase diversities of group and search efficiency.Finally,the complex problems in flexible job shop scheduling are solved with it.The results have shown the effectiveness of the algorithms.


In this paper, we study the problem of stabilizing a general nonlinear control system by means of gradient descent control method which is a dynamic feedback control law. In this method, the general nonlinear control system can be considered as an affine nonlinear control systems. Then by using Sontag's formula we investigate the stability (asymptotic) of the general nonlinear control system.


Actual field conditions that computer components such as microprocessors experience are different from the accelerated thermal cycling tests typically used to perform reliability assessment. Field conditions can include longer dwell times, different temperature ramp rates driven by power ON/OFF events, and temperature fluctuations during the power ON state due to workload patterns. Series of numerical simulations have been performed to study the effect of the field conditions on the solder joint fatigue life of electronic packaging. The simulation results show that SnPb and SnAgCu solders respond differently with respect to dwell time and mini cycles. Without considering the effect of mini-cycles, it is possible that SnAgCu may fail earlier than SnPb with very long dwell time. However, it is important to note if mini-cycles contribute to damage as seen in this analysis, the SnPb solder will probably still fail before SnAgCu solder


Traditional power allocation algorithms in heterogeneous networks (HeNets) are given under the assumption of perfect channel state information (CSI). However, the perfect CSI is difficult to obtain due to the efficiency of channel fading and feedback delays. In this paper, a robust power allocation algorithm is proposed to minimize the total transmit power of femtocell users under the constraints of macrocell interference power, maximum transmit power and signal-to-interference-noise-ratio (SINR). Though the original optimization problem becomes a semi-infinite programming problem (SIP) when using ellipsoidal uncertainty model. The SIP can be converted into a deterministic convex optimization problem by the worst-case approach, which can be easily solved in sub-gradient method. Simulation results show our proposal has good robustness and energy efficiency.


Abstract : This report documents the Integrated Network Manager (INM) prototype development and integration effort, undertaken as part of the FY 96 Automated Integrated Communications Systems (AICS) program. The AICS architecture describes a hierarchy of INMs, where local operations centers (LOCs), the INMs at the lowest level of the hierarchy, are responsible for the communications/network assets under their purview. The AICS architecture is primarily targeted for an environment where INMs are commonly separated from other INMs by RF links. The INM prototype work centered on development of the AICS Management Application (AMA). The ultimate vision for AICS is a highly automated network management system where its functions are implemented using standards-based management protocols, and where many operations are carried out in a virtually unattended mode. The prototype INM provides a working example demonstrating aspects of this ultimate vision, and provides a starting point for development of a network management system that can evolve with new technology.


This chapter by Kevin Smith examines Britain's survival in the Second World War and how it depended upon maintaining its lines of maritime communications for overseas supplies. Obsession with anti-submarine warfare obscures examination of complementary British managerial efforts to maximize merchant shipping capacity – especially through the key task of rapid, thorough repair of damaged cargo vessels. An examination of the comparative cost to shipping capacity imposed by submarine attacks and by repair delays illustrates the need to integrate our analysis of the managerial and martial aspects of maritime warfare by suggesting that even after acknowledging the permanent loss of sunken ships, the much larger volume of ships immobilized by reason of repair imposed a comparable reduction in cargo capacity. Consequently, Britain's dependence upon American allocations of newly-built cargo vessels was exacerbated. One especially important impediment to repairing ships (and a legacy of the Great Depression) was bitter class conflict between shipyard workers and shipbuilders, especially the Admiralty Controller of Merchant Shipbuilding and Repair – as well as between that Controller and the Minister of Labour. This chapter suggests new avenues toward situating maritime warfare in a broader context.


As a 50° camber angle compressor cascade being the object, the numerical investigations of the endwall vortex generator jets effect on flow separation control were conducted. The results show that the flow separation is significantly weakened and the maximum total pressure loss reduction is 9.5% at Mach number 0.23. When the cascade inlet Mach number is 0.71, more benefit is obtained and the total pressure loss is reduced by up to 14.8%. A primary streamwise vortex is produced by the interaction of endwall jet with the coming flow. This vortex could restrain the transverse movement of the endwall secondary flow and entrain high energy fluid of the mainstream to the corner region. Both of the aspects are of benefits for the flow momentum increasing in the corner region. Thus, the flow separation is suppressed efficiently. The location and intensity of the streamwise vortex are important to the performance of vortex generator jet. For the object investigated in this paper, the proper jet location is around 10% axial chord length before the cascade and meanwhile close to the suction surface. To avoid strong mixing losses, the intensity of the streamwise vortex is suggested be moderate.


Tin sulfide (SnS) is a compound semiconductor that has been studied for a wide range of applications, including solar cells and thermoelectric materials. In this study, the electronic structure of the SnS valence band, which is important for such applications, was investigated via angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with two different excitation energies in the extreme ultraviolet region (21 and 60 eV). The contribution of the Sn 5s state to the SnS valence band was determined in relation to the k-vector by utilizing the fact that the cross section of Sn 5s state varies significantly compared to those of other states in the extreme ultraviolet region. The experimental results demonstrate that the Sn 5s state significantly contributed to the k-vector around the valence band maximum (VBM) and second VBM (VBM1).


An apparatus and a method for providing a plurality of output voltages are provided to improve convenience of user by supplying a power to a plurality of portable electronic devices from one voltage supply source at the same time. An electric connector apparatus(100) includes an input terminal(108), a DC/DC converter(104), a plurality of output terminals(110,112,114), and a plurality of output converters. The input terminal is connected to a single DC voltage supply source in order to receive a DC input voltage(VIN). The DC/DC converter converts a DC input voltage into at least one DC output voltage(VOUT). A plurality of output terminals provides the DC output voltage to a plurality of loads at the same time. A plurality of output terminals has a plurality of terminal structures matched to each load specification. A plurality of output converters is connected between the output terminals and the loads.


There are three main types of spectra: discrete, continuous , and band-like. The last consists of discrete pieces of continuous states, but the existence of spectral gaps between them is physically and mathematically a special phenomenon. Its explanation by Bloch-Floquet formalism seemed to be perfect since its appearance about 100 years ago. All this time there do not appeared an idea about improvement and simplification of the already achieved notions. Maybe it was just due to the beauty of the original theory. Besides this the simple physical cause of the tearing of the continuous spectrum with creation of forbidden zones remained unmentioned.


Abstract : This study analyzes the system of management and control of health records at a Troop Medical Clinic. The mismanagement of health records has been an ongoing problem and has a number of factors and causes involved. This study analyzes the overall system and internal subsystem to determine if the systems were poorly designed or if the design was adequate but not being properly utilized. The author identifies the problems and makes recommendations to correct the problems involved with Health Records Management. Keywords: Military medicine; Records management; Health care; Troop medical clinics; Health record management.


Here we report the first record of Lasiodimesa (Podonominae) in Slovakia. A single larva was collected in a small and shallow alpine pond located at 1,654 m a.s.l. in the High Tatra Mountains. Acidotolerant taxa such as Psectrocladius octomaculatus, Zalutschia tatrica, Synendotendipes sp. and Tanytarsus cf. gregarious were present in the community of the pond. Our finding indicates that the typical habitat of Lasiodiamesa larva is not necessarily a bog, but can also be a small acidic waterbody.


Recent work on joint word segmentation, POS (Part Of Speech) tagging, and dependency parsing in Chinese has two key problems: the first is that word segmentation based on character and dependency parsing based on word were not combined well in the transition-based framework, and the second is that the joint model suffers from the insufficiency of annotated corpus. In order to resolve the first problem, we propose to transform the traditional word-based dependency tree into character-based dependency tree by using the internal structure of words and then propose a novel character-level joint model for the three tasks. In order to resolve the second problem, we propose a novel semi-supervised joint model for exploiting n-gram feature and dependency subtree feature from partiallyannotated corpus. Experimental results on the Chinese Treebank show that our joint model achieved 98.31%, 94.84% and 81.71% for Chinese word segmentation, POS tagging, and dependency parsing, respectively. Our model outperforms the pipeline model of the three tasks by 0.92%, 1.77% and 3.95%, respectively. Particularly, the F1 value of word segmentation and POS tagging achieved the best result compared with those reported until now. key words: joint model, Chinese word segmentation and POS tagging, dependency parsing, word internal dependency structure, semi-supervised learning


The authors evaluated a new device‐the miniature ultrasonic probe (3.4mm in the outer diameter, radial scan type, 7.5MHz, Olympus XMP‐02) from both its basic and clinical aspects using fresh resected gastric specimens with water immersion


The present work has as objective to study the emergency and development of quince seedlings with potential to be used as rootstock. The work was developed in the APTA Center Fruits/IAC, from May/05 to January/06. Seeds of 'Mendoza INTA-37', 'Provence', 'Portugal' and 'Japones' quince were collected from mature fruits, washed in water, dried under shade for 48 h, and stratified in cold for 20 days. After that, these seeds were sowed in polystyrene trays (72 cell of 120 cm3/cell), containing vermiculite as substrate. The percentage of emergency was determined after 30 days, at intervals of 10 days, in a total of four collections. On the end of this period, 10 seedlings were removed from each replication and evaluated the height of the aerial part, the number of leaves, and the medium dry mass of aerial and root parts. Also, 10 uniform representative seedlings of each replication were separeted and transplanted to polyethylene bags (capacity of 3 L) containing substrate composed by soil + cattle manure + sand (in the volumetric proportion of 1:1:1) fertilized with 191 g CaHPO3, 10 g KCl and 100 g CaCO3 in 100 L substrate. Then plants were maintained under shading sieve (50% shading), being irrigated periodically. The height and diameter of seedlings were evaluated at intervals of 30 days until the end of the sixth evaluation (after 180 days of transplanting). The 'Japones' quince presented greater emergency percentage (70%), shoot length (111,83 cm) and diameter (0,7 cm), showing it has greater performance and an excellent alternative as quince rootstocks.