Twenty growing cross breed etawah buck had been treated with clenbuterol every two days. Threelevels of clenbuterol, 5, 10 and 20 ig/kg BW were injected intramuscularly from the thigh side every twodays. The animals were slaughtered and cut into five pieces, thorax, fore limb, loin, flank and hind limb.The components of muscle and fat for each component were separated for fat, muscle and bones analysis.The purpose of the experiment was to investigate the claim that clenbuterol has an effect on carcassquality. It is expected that clenbuterol will affect fat mobilization through the mechanism of stimulusrespond . In this experiment clenbuterol does not affect fresh carcass weight and carcasss empty bodyweight. However clenbuterol has the effect on muscle carcass thigh, thorax and flank, indicating proteinformation in the carcass. Further studies showed that clenbuterol affected the reduction of subcutanousfat in thigh and flank. Intermuscular fat of the thorax was also affected by clenbuterol. Furthermoreclenbuterol reduced the bones weight. It can be concluded that clenbuterol works at specific area of thebody, mobilizing the fat and bones follow with protein synthesis.


The 'pressure gauge technique' recently developed for the quantitative assessment of the mass of solid particles suspended at any agitation speed is extended to the case of three-phase stirred tanks. As a result, curves of the fraction of suspended solids at various gas flow rates, versus agitator speed, are presented. The difficulties involved in the extension of the technique to three phase systems are addressed and discussed. The experimental results show that the presence of the gas phase causes a significant increase of the agitation speed required to attain complete suspension of solids and lowers the degree of suspension at all agitation speeds below it. The experimental data obtained are shown to be well fitted by the Weibull functions previously adopted for two-phase systems. Correlations for the estimation of the influence of particle size, particle concentration and gas flow rate on the suspension degree are presented and discussed. Finally, the fractional suspension dependence on particle size is found to be very different when very large particles are dealt with.


This paper focuses on the experiences of two cohorts of teachers who participated in a series of inservice workshops designed to provide instruction and support for novice teachers. A case study approach is used to describe their changed perceptions and beliefs about teachers, teaching, and students during the first year of teaching. The teachers' views were examined in December of their first year and again in the following May. Their views are analyzed in terms of the roles of the teacher as carer for and nurturer of children, manager and controller, collaborator and learner, and in terms of the time-consuming nature of teaching and the teachers' sense of self. Data reveal that first-year teachers were imbued with feelings of self-doubt, insecurity, and aloneness. The most important factor that contributed to their growth as teachers was their development of a strong sense of self. The paper concludes that novice teachers' focus on sense of self is a necessary part of learning to become a teacher, and their sense of self and their sense of their students evolved simultaneously. Implications for mentorship programs and teacher education programs are discussed. (Contains 37 references.) (JDD) ********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Waiting for Thursday: New Teachers Discover Teaching


The problem of the formation of oil pools in the Upper Cretaceous of the Foreland Ranges of the Northeast Caucasus has been examined by several investigators; however, based on one and the same set of facts at least three logically possible but mutually exclusive concepts have arisen. According to one of these the oil pools formed by vertical migration of oil from the underlying sediments; according to another - due to lateral migration and accumulation of oil that was generated in the same unit of the Upper Cretaceous; and according to a third - migration of oil from younger Paleogene deposits. Such contradictory and opposing views are due to the fact that their authors show preference to different indirect data and have no direct, objective proof as to the paths of migration of the oil entering the traps. The authors of the present paper in studying the conditions of formation of the oil pools in the Upper Cretaceous sediments (in the example of the Zamankul and Karabulak-Achaluki fields) used the method (2) of following traces of the migration of oil in the sedimentary section. The source data consisted of numerous luminescence and chemical-bituminological analyses, which were made largely by I. N. Suvorova. In study of the systematic distribution of bitumens in the Upper Cretaceous sediments of non-oil-bearing regions, data from natural outcrops was not used because partial loss of bitumen components by the limestones has clearly taken place. This loss was revealed by comparing results of study of samples from outcrops and cores. Study Of the bitumen of cores is also complicated by a small amount of oil added the drilling mud during and in many cases the samples are contaminated by the oil or its products. Therefore, all samples should be examined first under a quartz lamp. If oil is present on the surface of the sample, then on wetting by chloroform a characteristic color is observed that is almost always easily distinguished from the color of the bitumens present in the rock. All cases determined where


This paper expounds the concepts,connotations and functions of enterprise culture to inspirit Chinese enterprise to give play to the function of enterprise culture.


ACID transactions are one of the most widely used software engineering techniques, a cornerstone of the relational databases, and an integral part of the enterprise middleware where transactions are often offered as the black-box primitives. Notwithstanding all these and many other cases, the old-fashion approach to transactions cannot be maintained in a variety of modern large scale systems and NoSQL storages because of high requirements on performance, data volumes, and availability. In such cases, traditional transactions are not rarely replaced by a customized model that assumes implementation of transactional or semi-transactional operations on the top of units that are not transactional by themselves.


The synthesis of heat-related proteins in six cotton cultivars was examined. The protein profiles of heat-stressed plants were highly cultivar specific. Heat-related proteins did not result from protein degradation. Recovery to normal protein synthesis occurred within an hour after the heat-stress was terminated.


This paper looks at the problem of choosing between alternative lexical translationequivalents in machine translation. It argues that the knowledge base used for makingchoices between alternative translations is part of the target language grammarand that it should be applied and the translation chosen as part of generation of thetarget language text. This contrasts with previous work on the problem, which hasassumed that these choices should be made in analysis or transfer. Various types ofknowledge base could be used to make the choice between alternatives. The methodoutlined here uses information about stereotypical contexts of use of words, storedas part of an ontological network.


Digital media (i.e. image, audio) has played an important role in today information system. The increasing of popularity in digital media has brought forth a number of technology advancements. This, however, also gives birth to a number of forgeries and attacks against this type of information. With the availability of easy-to-use media manipulating tools available online, the authenticity of to-day digital media cannot be guaranteed. In this paper, a new general framework for enhancing today media splicing detection has been proposed. By combining results from two traditional approaches, the enhanced detection results show improvement in term of clarity in which anomalies are more explicitly shown, providing easier and faster way for a forensic practitioner to investigate and verify the authenticity of the target digital media. Regarding the experiment, the developed framework is tested against a number of realistic tampered (spliced) media. Moreover, the enhanced detection results are compared with traditional approaches in order to ensure the efficiency of our proposed method in the realistic situation.


Exoskeleton robots are an exciting potential solution for patients with motor dysfunction to restore their daily activities. This letter introduces a variable stiffness exoskeleton robot (VSA-EXO) with variable stiffness actuators and a voluntary control strategy based on sEMG sensing. A sEMG-driven musculoskeletal model estimates joint torque and quasi-stiffness of the human joint through the sEMG signals of some muscles related to the joint. The voluntary control strategy adjusts the degree of assistance according to these detected voluntary efforts of the subjects, and transfers the stiffness adjustment of the human joints to the exoskeleton joints. Unlike the traditional assist-as-needed (ANN), this voluntary control strategy does not need to define a trajectory. Feasibility is demonstrated experimentally using three healthy subjects. Calibration experiments for the musculoskeletal model show that the NRMSE of the estimated torque and the actual torque of the three subjects are lower than 7.21%, proving the effectiveness of the musculoskeletal model. When using the exoskeleton assistance, with an assistance ratio of 0.3, the subjects' effort is reduced by up to 25.32%.


The present invention provides a composite material composition mandrel pad compensation process, a combination of baffles located within the mandrel, the mandrel projecting portion of the outer composition baffle pad strip placed on its surface, the skin pad strip, and a combination of mandrel speed in the interior cover plate, and was heated by external curing pressure is expanded so that the skin, and the pad strip glued flap integrally placeholder compensation rubber pad on the combination of the mandrel, i.e. on both sides by a combination of mandrel Save to reserve a small size rubber pad thickness compensation, and compensating pad adhesive rubber composition in the mold reserved for the core position. The present invention can fully guarantee the gluing composition during a curing mold and core parts, thus ensuring the gluing of the support baffles pad strip and skin, the pressure is transmitted uniformly and improve the quality of bonding.


We show that certain iteration systems lead to fractal measures admitting an exact orthogonal harmonic analysis. Overview We study properties of pairs of Borel measures on R simultaneously generalizing Fourier series and the Fourier transform. We show that certain fractal measures fall within the class of measures admitting generalized Fourier series. The class of fractal measures considered in this paper are obtained from an affine iteration construction leading to self-affine measures μ with support in R. The affine maps are determined by a given expansive d × d matrix and a finite set of translation vectors. We show that the corresponding L-space L(μ) has an orthonormal basis of exponentials e λ·x, indexed by vectors λ in R, provided certain geometric conditions hold for the affine system.


form of statutes and budgets. Most legislatures have considered social welfare as a program to be separate from public health as a program and they have indicated this in their assignment of budgets and statutory responsibilities. We live in a world of ideals and politics. Realistically, it seems to me, therefore, that we should recognize the model of a triple component system (i.e., personal, environmental, and social health) and take an active role of leadership to bring all organized programs in these three areas into a close and complementary relationship; but I believe that the current trends in public affairs indicate that the official public health departments in the United States in the current decade will develop programs primarily along the two lines of personal health and environmental health, giving, however, increased attention to social factors and forces.


In order to discuss the effect of small group teaching to medical university students' learning attitude,different teaching methods were used respectively to two classes in a medical university,students' learning attitude was analyzed with nonparametric test in order to compare the two teaching methods.The results showed that in contrast to traditional teaching group,the students in SGT group turned more dedicated and more easily to keep up with the teacher.Therefore,SGT method is helpful to improve the medical students' attitude towards study.

Key words:
Small group teaching; Medical students; Attitude towards study


It has been shown that post detonation energetic helium ions can drastically reduce the useful life of the (dry) first wall of an IFE reactor due to the accumulation of implanted helium. For the purpose of attenuating energetic helium ions from interacting with first wall components in the Fusion Test Facility (FTF) target chamber, several concepts have been advanced. These include magnetic intervention (MI), deployment of a dynamically moving first wall, use of a sacrificial shroud, designing the target chamber large enough to mitigate the damage caused by He ions on the target chamber wall, and the use of a low pressure noble gas resident in the target chamber during pulse power operations. It is proposed that employing a low-pressure (∼ 1 torr equivalent) noble gas in the target chamber will thermalize energetic helium ions prior to interaction with the wall. The principle benefit of this concept is the simplicity of the design and the utilization of (modified) existing technologies for pumping and processing the noble ambient gas. Although the gas load in the system would be increased over other proposed methods, the use of a "gas shield" may provide a cost effective method of greatly extending the first wall of the target chamber. An engineering study has been initiated to investigate conceptual engineering methods for implementing a viable gas shield strategy in the FTF.


PKR (protein kinase, RNA activated) is an interferon (IFN)‐induced serine‐threonine protein kinase and is one of the key mediators in IFN's cellular actions. Although double‐stranded (ds) RNA is the most relevant PKR activator during viral infections, PACT acts as a stress‐modulated activator of PKR and is an important regulator of PKR dependent signaling pathways in the absence of viral infections. Stress‐induced phosphorylation of PACT is essential for PACT's association with PKR leading to PKR activation. PKR activation by PACT leads to phosphorylation of translation initiation factor eIF2α, inhibition of protein synthesis, and apoptosis. In the present study, we have investigated the functional significance of PACT–PACT interaction in mediating PKR activation in response to cellular stress. Our results suggest that enhanced interaction between PACT molecules when PACT is phosphorylated in response to stress signals on serines 246 and 287 is essential for efficient PKR activation. Using a point mutant of PACT that is deficient in PACT–PACT interaction, we demonstrate that PACT–PACT interaction is essential for efficient PKR activation. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 2754–2764, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Thebitumens obtained as the extraction products from a series of coals and surrounding rocks samples were fractionated onto aliphatic, aromatic and polar fractions. Aliphatic and aromatic fractions were then submitted to analysis us- ing modern gas chromatography — mass spectrometry method. The distribution of n-alkanes was compared and parameters values characterising conditions of sedimentation and type of primary organic matter were calculated. In aliphatic fractions, a series of biomarkers was also identified as steranes, diasteranes, tricyclic diterpanes, hopanes and moretanes. The relatively high content of diasteranes was observed in the bitumens from shales bordering on coals. It confirms the literature data indi- cating possibility of catalytic influence of claystones on arrangement of steranes to diasteranes. The values of parameters cal- culated from the data characterising distribution of hopanes have indicated a possibility of generation of oils by some of analysed coals: flame as well as orthocoking coals. The aromatic compounds were also identified, mainly phenanthrenes being an important stage of aromatisation process of fossil organic matter. The comparison of characteristics of bitumens obtained from coals and surrounding rocks suggests a possibility of migration of various groups of organic compounds from coal layers to rocks bordering on them. The migration of organic mobile matter seems to be as well a result of a great difference of concentration between coal and surrounding rocks layers as of action of cir- culating waters or hydrothermal solutions. The temperature gradient and local intrusive bodies are of great significance for processes of oil migration. The examinations and conclusions presented in this work should be, however, taken as the intro- ductory ones and have to be confirmed by analysis of a greater number of samples of various geological characteristics.


A short d.school-style design thinking project was offered to first-year engineering students as an option in an introduction to engineering course. Using the Stanford d.school bootcamp bootleg as the guideline, students went through the process - empathy, define, ideate, prototype, and test - very fast with different levels of depth. The works were evaluated using the d.school rubric and found to gain limited success. In order to improve the instructional design, the formal developmental study was initiated. Using class observation, focus-group interview and comparison with similar classes, the instructional design was analyzed and weakness identified. The major problems included the student preparation, engagement, participation, core concept understanding as well as active learning activities, technology utilization, feedback and reflection, in short, the class control and facilitation. The instruction design was adjusted with detailed activities such that it would be implemented in the next iteration.


A new class of polymer capsules with in-built endocytic pH-coupled fluorescence switches is reported. These capsules display reversible 'on/off' fluorescence in response to cellular pH variations. Using this system, we demonstrated the high-throughput quantification between surface-bound capsules and internalized capsules. This system allows the fundamental study of the interaction between nanoengineered materials and biological systems at a cellular level.


Red beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a commodity beans are very popular, and are abundant in Indonesia. The purpose of this study to determine the effect of different fermentation methods on quality sausage red beans and determine the best fermentation method on the sausage red beans based on the analysis and organoleptic clams. The method used in this study is RAK one single factor consisting of four treatments. F1 (red bean fermentation using yeast tempeh (Rhizopus oligosporus)), F2 (fermented using enzymes papain), F3 (red bean fermentation using yeast tempeh (Rhizopus oligosporus) + enzyme papain) and F4 (without red bean fermentation process). The observations were analyzed using statistical ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) followed by Tukey test sensory testing is carried out by Friedman test. The best treatment method de Garmo effectiveness index. The results showed Effect of treatment fermentation methods which differ significantly affect chemical parameters include moisture content, ash content, protein content, fat content rude, crude fiber content and carbohydrate content and the nature organolepti color, aroma, flavor, and texture of the sausage beans. best fermentation method in the manufacture of sausages red beans based on a chemical that is F4 (without red bean fermentation process) with a value of 9.29% moisture content, ash content of 4.41%, 12.47% protein content, fat content rough 0.51% , crude fiber content of 3.71%, and the carbohydrate content of 73.3%. While the treatment is the best value organoleptic F1 (red bean fermentation using yeast tempeh (Rhizopus oligosporus)) Color 8 (really like), the scent 7.48 (like), flavor 6.6 (a bit like), and the texture of 7.92 (very like).


This paper deals with the use of probabilistic models such as Voronoi tessellation and the Johnson-Mehl model to simulate microstructures of monophased materials. Sintered cerine was chosen to test the various models. The values of morphological parameters measured, both on such models and real microstructures are in very good agreement. An extension for porous materials is also presented. This work shows that the probabilistic models are very well suited for the simulation and description of ceramic and granular microstructures.


Sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) (SPES) is a potential polymer for replacing Nafion membranes in vanadium redox flow batteries (VRB); however, at a high degree of sulfonation, SPES membrane displays high swelling, poor mechanical stability, and high vanadium crossover. In this study, to improve membrane performance, composite membranes of SPES and short-carboxylic multi-walled carbon nanotube (denoted as SPES/SCCT membrane) were prepared and employed as the separator for VRB to evaluate the vanadium ions permeability and cell performance. The composite membrane showed the lowest vanadium ion permeability and highest selectivity compared with the Nafion221 and SPES membranes. The VRB with SPES/SCCT membrane also showed higher coulombic efficiency of about 91.7% and energy efficiency of about 84.1% but lower capacity loss and self-discharge than that of VRB with Nafion221 membrane during the cycling test, which further indicated the promising prospects of SPES/SCCT composite membrane application in VRB systems.


Benzthiophenes containing a 2-aminoethyl fragment were synthesized, at the NCRSRVI branch of FSBSC Federal Rostov Agrarian Scientific Center, and their antibacterial, antiprotozoal, and fungistatic activities were studied. We synthesized compounds based on 1-(2-chloroaryl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines by base-catalyzed nucleophilic substitution of an atom for a mercapto group containing an electron-withdrawing substituent, followed by recycling to the corresponding benzthiophenes, developed by us for the first time. Fifteen benzthiophene derivatives containing a 2-aminoethyl fragment have been synthesized. The starting compounds for the synthesis of benzothiophenes (compounds 1-6) showed a relatively weak activity against all the cultures studied. Only hydrazide 5 in terms of antiprotozoal activity corresponds to the level of chloroquine and is 4 times more active than amprolium. The formation of a benzothiophene ring significantly changes the activity of the compounds. Thus, compounds 14 and 15 (arylurea derivatives) have a noticeable fungistatic activity, although all other structures presented in this study are completely inactive against Penicillium italicum. It is also necessary to note the high antibacterial activity of compounds 14 and 15 against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, which allows us to conclude that the search for active structures in the series of urea analogues 14 and 15 is promising. The azabenzthiophene derivative 11 showed the highest antiprotozoal activity, exceeding the indicator of chloroquine by 2 times and that of amprolium by 6 times. It should be assumed that the synthesis of analogues of compound 11 with other heterocyclic residues instead of the benzimidazole core (pyridine, imidazole, quinoxaline, pyrimidine) can lead to an increase in both antiprotozoal and (for the corresponding ureas) antibacterial activity. Analysis of the results of studying the biological activity of new compounds also showed that a high level of protistocidal activity (31.25-7.8 ?g/ml) was found in three compounds of the benzthiophene series: 5, 8, 11; average level (125-62.5 mcg/ml) - in five substances: 1, 4, 10, 14, 15. The antibacterial activity of the studied benzthiophene derivatives was manifested to a greater extent in relation to Gram-positive bacteria: twelve substances inhibited the growth of St. aureus All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms B-128. Five compounds were active against Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms B-820). Combined antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity was found in compounds 1, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 14 and 15.


The theoretical calculation study on perylenequinonoid photosensitizers(PQP) was reviewed, and it was pointed out that theoretical calculation could make up the deficiency of experimental studies, and was benefical to understand the atructure-activity relationship for PQP. Thus, theoretical caluclation is very significant in this field.


Causal mediation analysis aims to investigate the mechanism linking an exposure and an outcome. However, studies regarding mediation effects on survival outcomes are limited, particularly in multi‐mediator settings. The existing multi‐mediator analyses for survival outcomes are either performed under special model specifications such as probit models or additive hazard models, or they assume a rare outcome. Here, we propose a novel multi‐mediation analysis based on the widely used Cox proportional hazards model without the rare outcome assumption. We develop a methodology under a counterfactual framework to identify path‐specific effects (PSEs) of the exposure on the outcome through the mediator(s) and derive the closed‐form formula for PSEs on a transformed survival time. Moreover, we show that the convolution of an extreme value and Gaussian random variables converges to another Gaussian, provided that the variance of the original Gaussian gets large. Based on that, we further derive closed‐form expressions for PSEs on survival probabilities. Asymptotic properties are established for both estimators. Extensive simulation is conducted to evaluate the finite sample performance of our proposed estimators and to compare with existing methods. The utility of the proposed method is illustrated in a hepatitis study of liver cancer risk.


ABSTRACT Since 2007, 'Closing the Gap' between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people has been an ambition of Australian state and federal governments in areas including education, employment, and health. This paper examines media responses to government policies aimed at closing the achievement gap in schools. The paper analyses print and online newspaper articles in national and capital city/state-based newspapers that reported on the implementation and success of Closing the Gap policies in Australia's schools. The paper argues that media narratives are often based on NAPLAN results, data sourced from the MySchool website, or newspaper-created metrics that support their own narrative. This paper highlights the narratives being purported to readers via the selective nature of newspaper data, and subsequently how these narratives attempt to influence the public discourse.


Abstract. Drought is a major natural hazard in the Bolivian Altiplano that causes large losses to farmers, especially during positive ENSO phases. However, empirical data for drought risk estimation purposes are scarce and spatially uneven distributed. Due to these limitations, similar to many other regions in the world, we tested the performance of satellite imagery data for providing precipitation and temperature data. The results show that droughts can be better predicted using a combination of satellite imagery and ground-based available data. Consequently, the satellite climate data were associated with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in order to evaluate the crop production variability. Moreover, NDVI was used to target specific drought hotspot regions. Furthermore, during positive ENSO phase (El Niño years), a significant decrease in crop yields can be expected and we indicate areas where losses will be most pronounced. The results can be used for emergency response operations and enable a pro-active approach to disaster risk management against droughts. This includes economic-related and risk reduction strategies such as insurance and irrigation.


Device for determining the geometry of a wheel and / or a shaft motor through a system of optical measurement with at least two installations of imaging which detects at least from two different perspectives installation dialing, including at least one wheel feature is present or arranged on a wheel, and with an evaluation device, characterized in that the marking (3, 4, 7, 8) additionally has at least one characteristic of the body ( 7) and an arrangement of reference features (3) with at least three reference features (4), because the spatial position of the reference features (4) in the evaluation device, it is known that installations shooting (2) have means for detecting installation of bearing (3, 4, 7, 8) during passage of the automobile, wherein the at least one characteristic marking (8 ) For determining a plane of the wheel it is detected in at least three different rotary positions of the wheel (5) and at least one characteristic of the body (7) can be detected simultaneously for determining the coordinates of vehicle movement, and in that the evaluation device is configured to determine at least the wheel geometry and / or axle from the relative position of the wheel plane with respect to the coordinates of the vehicle movement.


and Dr. Klaus Fendler recently published a paper in Nature Scientifi c Reports where they investigated the tranport mechanism and stoichiometry of the NhaB Na+/H+ exchanger using site-specifi c point mutagenesis of two protonatable residues thought to reside within the transmembrane region of NhaB of Klebisella Pneumoniae. The SURFE2R N1 and fl uorimetric methods where used in the study, and we were curious to fi nd out why they had chosen the SURFE2R N1, and how the platform facilitated their studies. Nature Scientific Reports: Characterization of the Na+/H+ exchanger NhaB on the SURFE2R N1


This paper looks at the work experience of engineers in Singapore. In particular the study focuses on stress in the workplace with the view to identifying the major stress factors and to explaining them with reference to organizational dynamics and developments at the global level. Supporting data for the study were drawn from in-depth interviews with 30 engineers and a general survey of 234 engineers from the electronics industry.


Experience with 2 mg norethindrone with mestranol in Kingston Ontario is reported. 105 patients underwent 962 treatment cycles. 21 reported nausea in 30 cycles. 16 patients reported breakthrough bleeding in 28 cycles. No patient on treatment became pregnant. The pretreatment pregnandiol level avearge was 7 mg% and posttreatment average was 2.5%. 83 endometrial biopsies were done. Of particular interest was a group of biopsies from patients with high pregnandiol levels. These patients did not become pregnant but apparently ovulated. Perhaps breakthrough ovulation does occur and pregnancy or sterility is maintained by the endometrial effect.


luid balance management is one of the primaryfunctions of renal replacement therapy. Peritonealdialysis (PD), because of its continuous nature, hasbeen considered an optimal approach to this thera-peutic goal, avoiding fluctuant volume status and af-fording better homeostatic stability (1). This superiorpotential of PD has been illustrated in several studiesshowing, in discreet patient groups, better blood pres-sure control in PD compared to hemodialysis (HD) (2).This therapeutic advantage, however, has not been uni-versally utilized and population surveys still show ashigh a prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascularmortality in PD as in HD populations (3–5). While thelatter may be ascribed in both populations to an in-herited disease burden from the pre end-stage renaldisease (ESRD) phase of renal disease, it is clear thatthe full potential of PD for optimal volume homeosta-sis has remained underutilized (6). Several factors maybe responsible for this underutilization and for the as-sumption prevalent among physicians that HD affordsa more effective means of volume control. By its verynature as a continuous therapy, PD lacks the dramaticillustration of rapid volume removal observed with HD.Similarly, by its very nature as a home therapy, PDlacks the recurrent frequent examination by physi-cians/nurses of volume status afforded by three-timesweekly HD, so the opportunities for triggered inter-ventions are more temporally spaced than in HD. Thesetwo contrasting phenomena (dramatic volume removaland frequent examination) may also explain why theconcept of "dry weight," a cornerstone clinical operat-ing indicator in HD, is not widely used in the approachto volume management in PD. Patients on PD are rou-tinely instructed to measure their weight on a dailybasis. Guidelines on therapy modifications based onchanges in weight can be safely taught to mostpatients.


To determine the impact of structured education promoting flexible intensive insulin therapy on rates of diabetic ketoacidosis, and the costs associated with emergency treatment for severe hypoglycaemia and ketoacidosis in adults with Type 1 diabetes.


Conventional training methods lor neural networks involve starting al a random location in the solution space of the network weights, navigating an error hyper surface to reach a minimum, and sometime stochastic based techniques (e.g., genetic algorithms) to avoid entrapment in a local minimum. It is further typically necessary to preprocess the data (e.g .• normalization) to keep the training algorithm on course. Conversely, Bayesian based learning is an epistemological approach concerned with formally updating the plausibility of competing candidate hypotheses thereby obtaining a posterior distribution for the network weights conditioned on the available dala and a prior distribution. In this paper, we developed a powerful methodology for estimating the full residual uncertainty in networ\( weights and therefore networ\( predictions by using a modified Jeffery's prior combined with a Metropolis Mar\(ov Chain Monte Carlo method .


This paper describes S&T personnel potential and intencity of S&T personnel policy as factors of result of innovation activity. Regions, in which mutual infl uence of S&T personnel potential and result of innovation activity are the most high, are revealed. There is survey of S&T personnel policies of regions. Regions, which are the most perspective for stirring up S&T personnel policy, are revealed.


Major accomplishments in ferroelectric research during the period 1955-70 stimulated in whole or in part by work initiated at the UW include: (a) the first observation of a deuteron magnetic resonance in a hydrogen-bonded solid, thus opening up a new technique for studying hydrogen bond dynamics; (b) theoretical and experimental exploitation of a model of hydrogen bond dynamics which takes account of both interbond and intrabond motion; (c) a satisfactory resolution of major theoretical problems associated with phase changes in hydrogen bonded ferroelectrics; and (d) reinterpretation of phase transition phenomena through the successful application of experimental techniques different from nuclear magnetic resonance such as electrical conductivity, domain dynamics, and velocity of sound measurements.


Control flow integrity is a well explored field of software security for more than a decade. However, most of the proposed approaches are stalled in a proof of concept state – when the implementation is publicly available – or have been designed with minimal performance overhead as main objective, sacrificing security. Currently, none of the proposed approaches can be used to fully protect real-world programs compiled with most common compilers (e.g. GCC, Clang/LLVM). In this paper we describe a control flow integrity enforcement mechanism for LLVM IR, called Picon, whose main objective is security. Our approach is based on compile-time code instrumentation, making the program communicate with its external execution monitor. The program is terminated by the monitor as soon as a control flow integrity violation is detected. Our approach is implemented as an LLVM plugin and is working on LLVM's Intermediate Representation.


This study set out to contribute to the literature on international human resource management (IHRM) strategies of multinational corporations (MNCs) and the factors that influence them. In doing so it sought to address a number of weaknesses in the existing literature, notably a marked lack of research into the strategies adopted by MNCs in developing economies, particularly when they become involved under the auspices of privatisation programmes. More specifically, the study sought to investigate the human resource management (HRM) reforms introduced by three French MNCs in privatised Jordanian companies and the factors that influenced them.
The research utilised a longitudinal multiple-case design to achieve the study's aim and objectives, and was conducted in three phases over three years. More specifically, the study was based upon a sample of three case studies of privatised Jordanian companies that had recently come under the control of French MNCs operating in different sectors.
Primary data was gathered through 67 in-depth semi-structured interviews with company directors, senior line and finance managers, and HR staff, including senior personnel based at headquarters in France. In addition, 14 interviews were conducted with government officials in Jordan and a range of supplementary documentary evidence was examined.
In general, the findings from the case study companies revealed that in each of the Jordanian subsidiaries a wide range of changes had been made to the previously existing HRM policies. These encompassed the making of reforms in each of the specific areas of HR activity investigated: the people management responsibilities of line managers; staffing, recruitment and selection; training and development; performance appraisal; rewards; and communication and consultation. Taken together, the case studies highlighted similarities in terms of the objectives and broad thrust of the structural, policy and cultural reforms that were introduced. However, they also showed the companies to differ in terms of the way in which the reforms were centrally authored, the extent to which they were implemented in a participative way, the types of control mechanisms that were used to support the reform process, and the pace with which the reforms were introduced.
The above similarities and differences appeared to nave been influenced by a number of interrelated factors. Most important was the beliefs that senior management held of what constituted 'good and appropriate' human resource practice. Others related to the characteristics of the industries in which the MNCs operated and the implications these had for company business strategies and structures; the parent company's country of origin and experience in managing international operations; the strategic role of the subsidiaries and their mode of establishment; and a number of host country effects.
Overall, it is argued, that the study's findings contribute to existing knowledge in a number of ways. First, the findings lend some further support to the validity of Perlmutter's typology of the IHRM strategies that are adopted by MNCs, while also raising doubts about its future usefulness. They also add weight to the view that a process of convergence is occurring in respect of the HRM policies utilised by MNCs, and that this convergence is centred around an Anglo-Saxon conceptualisation of HRM best practice. At the same time, they also lend weight to the argument that this process of
Anglo-Saxonisation is occurring in the context of national specific frameworks. As a result, the study suggests that there remains some country of origin influence over the way MNCs mange their human resources.
More generally, the study's findings tend to suggest, contrary to some arguments in the literature, that MNCs do not apply different IHRM strategies and practices to their subsidiaries in developing economies. They also suggest that more attention needs to be paid to the way in which government policies and wider political pressures, surrounding the privatisation programmes of such countries act to influence the way in which MNCs approach the process of reform in subsidiaries acquired as a result of privatisation. More generally, the study's findings tend to suggest, contrary to some arguments in the literature, that MNCs do not apply different IHRM strategies and practices to their subsidiaries in developing economies. They also suggest that more attention needs to be paid to the way in which government policies and wider political pressures, surrounding the privatisation programmes of such countries act to influence the way in which MNCs approach the process of reform in subsidiaries acquired as a result of privatisation.
More generally, the study's findings tend to suggest, contrary to some arguments in the literature, that MNCs do not apply different IHRM strategies and practices to their subsidiaries in developing economies. They also suggest that more attention needs to be paid to the way in which government policies and wider political pressures, surrounding the privatisation programmes of such countries act to influence the way in which MNCs approach the process of reform in subsidiaries acquired as a result of privatisation.
More generally, the study's findings tend to suggest, contrary to some arguments in the literature, that MNCs do not apply different IHRM strategies and practices to their subsidiaries in developing economies. They also suggest that more attention needs to be paid to the way in which government policies and wider political pressures, surrounding the privatisation programmes of such countries act to influence the way in which MNCs approach the process of reform in subsidiaries acquired as a result of privatisation.


In the title compound, C4H6N2O2S.·3H2O, the 2-amino-2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid molecule is in a zwitterionic form and shows amino–imino tautomerism. There are intermolecular O—H⋯O, O—H⋯N, N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O interactions, forming a three-dimensional network.


Proposed a pressure equalizing device for ink cartridges of ink jet printers for generating and maintaining a is contained in an ink reservoir, easily deformable ink bag 13 prevailing negative pressure. For this purpose, can be subjected to a tensile force, which is maintained in one of the configurations of a spring 34 whose upper end is connected to a movable friction element, for the upper end of the ink sack. B. to a rod 37 which is frictionally passed through a passage opening 38 of the cartridge housing. In the printing operation, the ink bag moves with increasing ink consumption and pulls the attached end of the spring 34 until the force to overcome the friction of the rod 37 in the passage opening is sufficient and this follows by a certain amount, so that the forces and therefore the under pressure be maintained in a desired range.


With the increasing miniaturization and precision requirements for products, the Micro Electro Discharge Machining (hereinafter Micro-EDM) has been world-widely concerned for advantages as high efficiency and good processing quality. Assessment parameters and methods of machined surface topography are commonly adapted in the Micro-EDM surface roughness assessment that blocks the further development of the Micro-EDM technology. This research improved the traditional Gauss filtering technique by Micro-EDM technology and morphological characteristics, meanwhile extracted the 2D and 3D surface roughness ion and carries out simulation experiments of the algorithm. Simulation results show the improved Gauss filtering algorithm is adapted to the Micro-EDM surface roughness extraction for all different sample data.


Biorelevant in vitro dissolution is a useful technique for qualitative forecasting of the in vivo behavior of a formulation. A biorelevant dissolution medium for simvastatin was developed with a lower concentration of surfactant (0.1% sodium lauryl sulfate, SLS) in the medium as compared with the 0.5% SLS concentration stated in the USP monograph. The slower dissolution rate of simvastatin tablets in 0.1% SLS relative to a self-emulsifying formulation of simvastatin correlated with the enhanced bioavailability of the self-emulsifying formulation in albino rats.


ABSTRACT We propose a new hysteretic rule for p-y curves to be used in the dynamic analysis of deep foundations. We first examine the results of past lateral cyclic pile load experiments to clarify the characteristics that are to be modeled in the load transfer hystereses in p-y curves. We then undertake an analytical study of soil element behavior when subject to cyclic passive (compressive) and active (extensile) deformation. We found that the soil resistance intensity to piles varies with different cyclic loading patterns, as the stress-dilatancy behavior in soil varies with cyclic loading patterns. We developed a new hysteretic rule that satisfies the observed dominant characteristics. Although the proposed hysteretic rule has its background in the peak-oriented rule, it is further extended to be a function of the loading pattern. Numerical tests using the proposed model showed that the model is capable of reproducing observed differences in the behavior of piles subjected to fully-reversed cyclic loading and one-sided cyclic loading, even though the typical peak-oriented rules are unable to predict these outcomes.


This paper presents a protection evaluation framework using a traditional risk analysis technique to identify vulnerabilities associated with each element of a military satellite communications (MILSATCOM) network - space, ground, and terminal - to a variety of cyber, physical and electronic attacks. An initial assessment identifies underlying architecture objectives, that when achieved, can substantially reduce the threat vulnerabilities inherent in commercial and military SATCOM systems. By realizing these objectives in a carefully conceived architecture, the paper provides critical insight into the threat-resistant SATCOM elements required to create an affordable, resilient and protected MILSATCOM architecture necessary to achieve future national security objectives.


One of the distinct effects of the recent emergence of postcolonial criticism has been to force a radical rethinking and reformulation of forms of knowledge and social identities authored and authorized by colonialism and Western domination. For this reason, it has also created a ferment in the field of knowledge. This is not to say that colonialism and its legacies remained unquestioned until recently: nationalism and Marxism come immediately to mind as powerful challenges to colonialism. But both of these operated with master-narratives that put Europe at its center. Thus, when nationalism, reversing Orientalist thought, attributed agency and history to the subjected nation, it also staked a claim to the order of Reason and Progress instituted by colonialism; and when Marxists pilloried colonialism, their criticism was framed by a universalist mode-of-production narrative. Recent postcolonial criticism, on the other hand, seeks to undo the Eurocentrism produced by the institution of the West's trajectory, its appropriation of the other as History. It does so, however, with the acute realization that postcoloniality is not born and nurtured in a panoptic distance from history. The postcolonial exists as an aftermath, as an after – after being worked over by colonialism. Criticism formed in this process of the enunciation of discourses of domination occupies a space that is neither inside nor outside the history of Western domination but in a tangential relation to it. This is what Homi Bhabha (1989) calls an in-between, hybrid position of practice and negotiation, or what Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak (1990) terms catachresis; "reversing, displacing, and seizing the apparatus of value-coding."


PCE,a wide used and often reasonless discarded compound,have been the most ubiquitous contaminant in environment.PCE is a carcinogenic compound.So far,studies on making PCE harmless have been concerned.The paper discussed PCE bioremediation on degradation mechanism,microorganism species and degradation kinetics,expecting to have a full understanding on PCE biodegradation.


Dependency refers to an historically concrete relation between geographical areas in which the dynamic forces emanate from one region-the Center -and strike up on the secondary-or Periphery-region. Undoubtably a feedback occurs, and the process exhibits a dialectical interaction, but this paper will concentrate on the dominant direction-from the Center outwards. The imposition of dependent forms may evolve in numerous fashions, varying from armed imposition, to the more or less voluntary acquiesence by a local elite, to a more gradual, almost unnoticed penetration and assimilation of forms of "dependent" action-or all three. Cardoso (1973) has convincingly argued that dependency can, in fact, benefit certain select domestic groups. Dependency does not imply no economic growth, but rather a conditioned, reflexive development. In Latin America, the dominant feeling is that one is a prisoner of events; nations struggle to adapt to the shifting external forces as best they can. At times, as in the 1940's and 1950's, attempts have been made to reduce the impact of external shifts; but the pressures from without have accelerated, and have combined with internal conjunturas to exhaust national efforts. Increasingly, local elites have been dropping all but the most superficial pretenses at directing their nation towards a less dependent status. In order to preserve their privileges, even at the expense of real power, domestic elites in many Latin American nations have been giving up the fight against dependency. Chile has been an exception. Under Allende, and to a certain extent under the previous Frei regime, Chile sought to forge economic and social institutions that would, as the Christian humanists liked to say, make Chileans the active subjects of their own history, rather than being passive objects beneath externally generated forces. Before examining the relationship between Allende's defeat and dependency, let me underline the considerable successes of the Unidad Popular in confronting dependency. In the area of foreign trade, the UP diversified both its sources of imports as well as its export markets. Most exciting was Chile's expansion of trade with other Latin American nations; by 1972, the percentage of Chilean imports from the LAFTA region had jumped from 20 percent to 33 per cent (Millas, 1972). These new trade relations were being cemented by the opening up of broad, long-term lines of credit, frequently for the importation of investment goods. In its internal political strategy, the UP had locked horns with the nation's dependent bourgeoisie. The policy of expropriation had deprived the most traditional sector, the landed gentry, and their long-time allies, the foreign-dominated copper companies, of their respective control over the agricultural and mining sectors. At the same time, the UP was expanding and fortifying its own political base. Quantitatively, the voting support of the UP rose from 36 percent in the 1970 presidential elections to 44 percent in the 1973 congressional contest; qualitatively, the fervor with which the workers and campesinos embraced the Left was


An individualistic Lockean theory of territory holds that territorial rights are coextensive with and arise from the private property rights of individuals. In this essay I extend and deepen my arguments against this view. This essay is a rejoinder to Hillel Steiner's critique of my earlier arguments against the individualistic Lockean theory of territory.


The effect of product architectures on the digital twin (DT) modularity is previously unexplored. The authors present a functional modeling approach to identify the modules that emerge in product DTs in this article. A preliminary study on module identification is presented. A stepwise procedure for functional modeling of the physical twin (PT) followed by module identification based on the functional interdependency with DT is presented. Six examples of product DT from literature were chosen, and functional modeling followed by module identification was carried out. Based on the interdependency of modules, two types of modules were observed — discrete modules and integrated modules. The interdependency of the modules varied depending on the twinning purposes of DTs. The DTs purposed for component health monitoring were observed to have more discrete modules than the integrated ones compared to those with remote operation as their primary twinning purpose. It is also observed that the modular product architectures in PTs may not remain modular in their DT. A few key research questions arising from this exploratory study are also discussed in this paper. The study presented here can potentially offer engineers and researchers in the engineering design community a familiar approach to study novel problems and open new directions of inquiry.


One of the causes of traffic accident is attention drifting while driving. Attention drifting is also known as habituation phenomenon. Habituation phenomenon refers to a situation where one's attention would decay and possibly diminish over time due to repetitive stimuli. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate the types of sound that can avoid attention drifting while driving. Using a driving simulation system, the subjects will be simulated with two conditions while driving: no sound and recorded speech. It was found that drivers encounter less accident while listening to the recorded speech compared to the silent condition (no sound). This finding could be used as a foundation to develop tips or methodology to avoid the attention deficit while driving.


Work satisfaction is basically a very individual concept and highly depends on personalities of each employee. However there are several factors related to employee satisfaction such as social satisfaction, physical satisfaction, and financial satisfaction. This study aims to test the effect of Work Satisfaction and Motivation to Turnover Intention with Organizational Commitment as mediator variable. This study is split into two research model. The variables used in this study are Work Satisfaction and Motivation as independent variables, Organizational Commitment as mediating variables, and Turnover Intention as the dependent variable. The method used in this study is multiple regression analysis with SPSS version 23 as statistical tool. The results suggest that Work Satisfaction has positive and significant impact to Organizational Commitment, Motivation has positive and significant impact to Organizational Commitment, Work Satisfaction has negative and significant impact to Turnover Intention, Motivation has negative and significant impact to Turnover Intention, Organizational Commitment has negative and significant impact to Turnover Intention.


Significance Different traffic states experienced by commuters may be due to localized random jams or overall network states, which is decided by system response to perturbations. While for natural systems, the existence of multiple states is common, the evidence for multiple states in transportation has so far been unclear, which hinders our ability to predict and prevent the spread of traffic jams. Based on percolation theory and high-resolution GPS datasets, we find strong evidence for the existence of multiple metastable network states corresponding to distinct system performance regimes. Our results may provide deep insight for a city traffic manager seeking to design early warning signals to prevent the system from shifting to a state of severe congestion. While abrupt regime shifts between different metastable states have occurred in natural systems from many areas including ecology, biology, and climate, evidence for this phenomenon in transportation systems has been rarely observed so far. This limitation might be rooted in the fact that we lack methods to identify and analyze possible multiple states that could emerge at scales of the entire traffic network. Here, using percolation approaches, we observe such a metastable regime in traffic systems. In particular, we find multiple metastable network states, corresponding to varying levels of traffic performance, which recur over different days. Based on high-resolution global positioning system (GPS) datasets of urban traffic in the megacities of Beijing and Shanghai (each with over 50,000 road segments), we find evidence supporting the existence of tipping points separating three regimes: a global functional regime and a metastable hysteresis-like regime, followed by a global collapsed regime. We can determine the intrinsic critical points where the metastable hysteresis-like regime begins and ends and show that these critical points are very similar across different days. Our findings provide a better understanding of traffic resilience patterns and could be useful for designing early warning signals for traffic resilience management and, potentially, other complex systems.


—A new species of the primitive homolodromiid crab genus Dicranodromia, D, spinosa, is described from among the specimens examined by M. J. Rathbun (1937) and previously considered to belong to the species D. ovata A. Milne Edwards. The new species is represented by 10 known specimens, one of which was formerly a paratype of D. ovata A. Milne Edwards, all collected in the western Atlantic. The species is easily distinguished from the other two American species, D. ovata and D. felderi, by the overall size, by the spination and setation of the carapace and pereiopods, and by the relative lengths of the terminal segments of pereiopod 5. At the time of publication of M. J. Rathbun's fourth and final volume on the crabs of America (Rathbun 1937), the genus Dicranodromia A. Milne Edwards, 1880, contained four species: D. ovata A. Milne Edwards, D. mahieuxii A. Milne Edwards, D. doederleini Ortmann, and D. baffini (Alcock & Anderson). Only one of these species was known from the Americas: Dicranodromia ovata A. Milne Edwards, 1880, the type species of the genus. The total number of specimens of D. ovata known to Rathbun, including the four specimens that comprised the type series (see Martin 1990), apparently was 14. In my description of a second American species of Dicranodromia from the western Atlantic, D. felderi, I noted that several lots among those labeled D. ovata in the collections of the National Museum of Natural History appear to contain unrecognized species (Martin 1990). One of those species, curiously one that is represented by most of the specimens examined and discussed by Rathbun, is described herein. Specimens upon which this report is based are in the holdings of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. (USNM), and were previously labeled Dicranodromia ovata. Type material of D. ovata was borrowed from the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University (MCZ) (the holotype female, MCZ 6510, and two female paratypes, MCZ 6511 [herein reassigned to the new species] and MCZ 2745), and the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (the third female paratype, MNHN MPB24324). Illustrations were made with the aid of a Wild M5APO dissecting stereoscope and drawing arm. The abbreviation CL indicates carapace length. Dicranodromia spinosa, new species


A semi-invariant diagrammatic perturbation formalism is employed to study spin-wave interaction effects in S=1 Heisenberg magnets with single-ion uniaxial anisotropy and in an applied magnetic field. A general two-sublattice model is assumed with both intra-sublattice and inter-sublattice exchange interactions. The theory takes account of the optical branches to the spin-wave spectrum (arising due to the single-ion anisotropy) as well as the usual spin-wave excitations. Expressions are derived for the renormalised energy and damping of all these modes as a function of temperature and applied field in the ordered regime, but excluding the spin-flop phase. Numerical application is given to the metamagnetic system FeCl2 in its zero-applied-field antiferromagnetic phase. The results are found to be in good agreement with recent one-magnon Raman scattering measurements for this material.


Abstract Coastal water bodies are impacted by watershed alterations, increased population density, modifications to inlets and shorelines, climatic periodicity, and increases in external material loads. Estuaries such as Lake Worth Lagoon (LWL) in south Florida possess all
 these attributes. The LWL watershed extends from the southeastern portion of Lake Okeechobee through Palm Beach County, where it meets the lagoon. Palm Beach County Department of Environmental Resources Management recognizes the social and ecological importance of the ~36 km lagoon and aims
 to maintain suitable water and habitat quality for all stakeholders. Recent declines and shifts of seagrass distribution along the lagoon prompted a step toward better understanding the water quality patterns of the system. In support of these efforts, this study assessed bathymetry, inflow,
 flushing, and water quality attributes (chlorophyll a, salinity, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total suspended solids, turbidity) using data collected along a series of 14 midlagoon stations from 2007 to 2015. Salinity in the North Segment was higher and less variable because of
 proximity to Palm Beach Inlet. Although concentrations of chlorophyll a, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus correlated with freshwater inflow, turbidity and total suspended solids were not. Fast flushing of the lagoon on a scale of days likely precludes water quality issues common
 to many estuaries with higher resident times. However, the combination of landscape-scale water management, a shoreline that is almost 70% modified by hard structures, and changes in essential nearshore habitats, introduces new levels of uncertainty to both the understanding and management
 of LWL. From this study, increased knowledge of relationships among water quality parameters and their spatial and temporal variability in LWL provides points of reference from which targeted studies can be developed to explore links between environmental parameters and responses of key organisms
 in this unique system.


The aim of this investigation was to Gompare one group of parents, those whose children are mildly intellectually disabled with the group of parents whose children intellectually functioned normally. The comparison was made in terms of to their perceived anxiousness. Also, the aim was to compare the group of children with no intellectual disabilities with the group of children with mild intellectual disabilities regarding hyperactivity and aggressiveness. The investigation was conducted on the two samples of participants. The first sample included parents of children with no developmental difficulties, N = 186; the second sample included parents whose children were mildly intellectually disabled, N = 86. The two groups of children attended lower primary school grades, (the group of intellectually disabled children is integrated into regular school settings and attends a shorter, individualized educational program). In order to compare the two groups of parents and their self estimations on five levels, Likert type scales were used. The children's behavior was estimated by parents and teachers on a threelevel estimation scale, which consisted of 15 items descriptions of disturbing behaviors which are usually found in school children. The data were analyzed trough discriminative analysis and the analysis of variance. A significant difference between he perceived competence for the parental role, self-respect, locus of control, and social anxiousness, was detected between the groups of parents. Those parents whose children intellectually functioned normally, expressed internal orientation, estimated higher personal competence for the parental role, and had a higher level of selfrespect as well, while their social anxiousness was significantly lower than those of the group of parents whose children had intellectual disabilities. The teacher's and parental estimations of the children's aggressiveness and hyperactivity showed significantly lower incidence of such behavior in children with normal intellectual development.. The permanent low intensity stress in the parents whose children have intellectual disabilities, causes a lower perception of competence for the parental role, more external orientation in interpreting causes and effects of behavior, lower self respect and greater social anxiousness. These characteristics affect, and are affected by, maladjusted behavior in the child, which is significantly more frequent in children with intellectual disabilities. recieved: june'98.


Burn reconstruction continues until either the maximal functional and aesthetic outcome has been achieved, or the patient and surgeon feel no further intervention is warranted. Communication with the patient about the limitations of outcome is vital. This chapter discusses the process of assessment of burn reconstruction and timing considerations.


In March of 1996, conservative members of the cultural, political, and religious communities in North Carolina threatened Charlotte Repertor y Theatre's production of Tony Kushner's Pulitzer Prize-winning epic Angels in America with closure. When issued a "cease and desist" letter by its own landlord on the day of the first performance, Charlotte Rep successfully took to the courts. The theatre obtained a temporar y restraining order—later made into a permanent injunction—by citing legal issues of prior restraint, imminent threats to its livelihood, and the potential violation of its First Amendment rights. The legal victory was followed by a political defeat when the local county commission, in a historic 5-to-4 vote, eliminated $2.5 million in public funding of the arts. A subsequent two-year advocacy effort resulted in the ouster of all but one of the elected officials who voted against the arts and the full restoration of funding, with an additional $500,000 increase. Charlotte Rep's Managing Director, Keith Martin, reflects on these tumultuous events.


The design and construction of foundation systems for metro rail projects require effective planning and performing analysis over various alternatives in achieving a suitable cost-effective solution. Often the foundation system is selected based on the Soil Bearing Capacity (SBC) and other onsite constraints are left unconsidered. This results in costly design changes during the execution stages and incurs severe delays in the project. This demands the application of advanced managerial techniques to select costeffective solutions during the design stages of metro rail projects. Value Engineering is one such function-oriented approach used in analyzing the functions of a product or a process and selecting a suitable solution that achieves all the required functions at the lowest possible cost. The application of the value engineering concept in metro rail projects would enable identifying suitable solutions while considering different alternatives over several criteria. Hence, this paper applies value engineering technique for selecting the suitable foundation type for the construction of metro rail projects. A case study of an ongoing metro rail project was considered and three foundation alternative types and nine significant selection criteria were identified. The foundation alternatives were quantitatively analyzed using the weighted evaluation technique. The results indicate that for limited availability of Right of Way (ROW), the foundation with Controlled Low Strength Mortar (CLSM) is highly suitable. In scenarios of limited ROW with less SBC use of pile foundation is identified as a suitable cost-effective foundation type.


Social dilemmas occur when individuals make choices that are in their own best interest but not in the interest of society as a whole. Intrapersonal dilemmas occur when people make choices that are in the best interest of themselves at the moment of choice, but not in the best interest of themselves in the long run. A number of writers have observed that we can usefully model this self-defeating behavior by treating each individual as an aggregate of selves which have competing interests, like the individual selves in a population. We undertake to synthesize and extend these contributions, applying the theory of intrapersonal dilemmas to addiction and procrastination, and discuss how the concept of multiple selves can explain why people attempt to control their behavior by imposing costs or constraints on themselves in the future, and how it can also help us develop new strategies of (personal) behavior control.


This paper intends to investigate and offer an interpretation of the contributions that School Religious Education (ERE) facilitates in the construction of the sense of life of the students that are part of the system of Middle Education. Aspects such as the meaning of life, in its forms and expressions, and the teaching of the ERE are variables that are analyzed from the perspective of class logic and the purposes of teachers in the formative perspectives of the area. Likewise, the answers on the part of students, selected in a random way, and the understandings of their teachers, have allowed us to find important reasons to think that from the school religious education a construction of the sense of life is generated in accordance with the vision of the own world of each student.


A method and apparatus arrange a user interface object on a screen in a portable terminal. The method includes storing and updating a usage history of programs designated by respective user interface objects during a pre-set time period according to at least one time-related criterion or place-related criterion, selecting a selected criterion from the at least one time-related criterion or place-related criterion, and determining an arrangement position of a user interface object corresponding to each program by referencing the usage history stored and updated with respect to the selected criterion, with the usage history including an amount of usage time and the number of manipulations of each program.


Background: A reliable large animal model of benign biliary stricture (BBS) is essential to study endoscopic management of BBS. The aim of this study was to establish a swine BBS model of endobiliary electrothermal injury with a diathermic sheath and screen out the optimal energy dose. Materials and Methods: Twelve swine were equally randomized into a low (20 W), a medium (30 W), and a high (40 W)-dose group. Endobiliary electrothermal injury was applied to the common bile duct using a diathermic sheath at different energy doses for 20 seconds via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Cholangiographic findings and liver function were evaluated weekly after thermal injury. Two animals from each group were sacrificed at 2 weeks and the other 2 sacrificed 4 weeks after thermal injury for histopathologic evaluation. Results: BBS was established successfully in 10 of the 12 animals. Two of the 4 animals in low-dose group did not produce biliary stricture at 4 weeks; in medium-dose group, BBS was induced in both animals at 2 weeks without causing severe complications; and in high-dose group, BBS was produced in 4 animals at 2 weeks, causing perforation and abdominal abscess formation in 1 animal. Conclusions: A safe and reproducible swine model of BBS could be established successfully by applying endobiliary electrothermal injury with a diathermic sheath at 30 W for 20 seconds.


The fourth meeting of the Paediatric Pathology Club was held in the Ciba Foundation, London, on November 14 and 15, 1958. Forty members and guests attended. Dinner was taken at the Royal Society of Medicine, when a gift was presented to Dr. W. W. Payne on his retirement. The general topic for discussion at the meeting was Neonatal Liver Disease, on which the principal speakers were Dr. W. W. Payne, Dr. G. R. Newns, Dr. M. Bodian, Dr. J. A. Dudgeon, and Sir Roy Cameron. The following papers were presented:


The invention relates to an ecological dam device for aquaculture pollution control and ecological restoration. An ecological dam is composed of basic composition units of a packing floating bed and a plant floating bed, the packing floating bed is formed by a floating bed body, packing and a fixing net, and the plant floating bed is arranged on the internal water surface of the packing floating bed. A plurality of unit structures are interconnected to form a box dam which is fixed. The ecological dam is constructed around an aquaculture zone, aquaculture contaminants in the dam are decomposed and converted through microorganism when passing through the ecological dam, and plant roots in the floating bed body absorb nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients, so that the purpose of contamination control is achieved; meanwhile, materials are recycled through food chains formed by rich ecological systems in the ecological dam, so that bait utilization rate can be increased. The ecological dam constructed in a contaminated water body can have the ecological system of the water body in the dam restored through the ecological restoration. Compared with the prior art, the ecological dam device has the advantages that aquaculture capacity and environment capacity of aquaculture can be improved, and dual functions of resource development and utilization and ecological environmental protection can be realized.


Insurance is a crucial component of any financial sector, the financial soundness of the insurance sector will result in a healthier financial system in any country. The insurance sector is responsible for transferring risk from one entity to another, for premium, to hedge against any risk of unexpected loss. For that, the insurance sector plays the role of safety net for the whole of the financial system in any country. This study aims to detect the existence of signs of financial failure for conventional insurance companies listed at Kuwait stock exchange (KSE). The study uses the Altman Model to calculate the financial failure indicators. The research also measures the relationship between the financial failure score and the share price of these companies. The analysis is based on the belief that financial reports provide information to investors which can be taken as indicators of the financial failure or success of companies. This information will affect investment decisions which, in turn, will be reflected on the share price. This study is based on the financial data of conventional insurance companies listed at Kuwait stock exchange for the period spanning from 2010 to 2017. A panel data collected from the financial statements of the four conventional insurance companies listed at the stock market were used to calculate the financial failure score for these companies. Ordinary least squared (OLS) regression method, is then used to evaluate the relation between Altman's z-score and the share price of these companies. Results obtained from this study showed that conventional insurance companies operating in Kuwait had a healthy financial positions and therefore safe from bankruptcy risk. The study also revealed that there was no statistically significant relation between Altman's score and the share price indicating that the financial failure score does not have an effect on share price of conventional insurance companies listed at Kuwait stock exchange.


We present the development of a 228 GHz heterodyne radar system for the remote measurement of respiration and heart rates. The advantages of a millimeter wave system include a higher sensitivity to small displacements, transmission through the atmosphere and clothing and the ability to maintain a collimated beam over large distances. We present a set of respiration and heart rate measurements out to a range of 50 meters.


The utility model relates to the field of shoes, in particular to a pair of comfortable health-care slippers, which comprises soles and uppers. The soles and the uppers are made of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA). Each sole is composed of a big sole and a small sole, and the big sole is provided with a plurality of protruding blocks which are made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Each upper is provided with a comfortable layer which is made of leather. The periphery of the big sole is provided with the comfortable layer. The slippers are simple in structure, wide in application, can realize the function of fatigue resistance for human bodies, and are comfortable to wear.


Purpose To identify the differences between the physiological large optic cup and primary open an- gle glaucoma(POAG)optic disc.Methods Twenty-five eyes of 25 normal subjects,25 eyes of 25 POAG patients and 30 eyes of 30 subjects with physiological large cup were included.All the subjects in the three groups received Heidelberg retina tomograph-Ⅱ(HRT-Ⅱ)examination.Results There were significant differences in the disc area,cup area,cup volume,cup/disc area ratio,linear cup/disc ratio,mean cup depth,maximum cup depth,cup shape among the physiologi- cal large cup group,the normal optic nerve group and the POAG group.There was no difference in the height variation cup contour between the physiological large cup group and the normal optic nerve group.However,there was significant difference between the physiological large cup group and the POAG group.Nasal variation was common in the physiologi- cal large cup group.Conclusion Cup/disc ratio is not a unique index for diagnosis of physiological large cup.Examina- tion of retinal nerve and vision field should be performed Height variation cup contour is a special index for differentia- tion.(Chin J Ophthalmol and Otorhinolaryngol,2007,7:222-223)


In taking a position towards terrorism in West Germany, the Left must first ask itself two questions: Do terrorist actions contribute to the weakening of capitalism? Are these actions justified in view of the demands of revolutionary morality? To both questions I must answer in the negative. The physical liquidation of single individuals, even the most prominent, does not undermine the normal functioning of the capitalist system itself. On the contrary, it strengthens its repressive potential without (and this is the decisive point) either engendering opposition to repression or raising political conscious-


The major influence factors to control the cost of filling mining method are the design about the roof-contacted filling ratio and the number of filling holes. Firstly, taking the typical mine with subsequent filling sublevel open stoping method as engineering background, the distribution law of backfill strength and the final flowing track of filling slurry in the stope were obtained by three dimensional laser scanner and laboratory mechanics tests. Based on which, the three dimensional numerical optimised model on roof-contacted filling ratio and the number of filling holes in subsequent filling sublevel open stoping method were established. Then, the distribution characteristics on maximum principal stress and the stable state of backfill with different roof-contacted filling ratios were revealed by calculating and analysing of the model. Finally, the number and location of filling holes in the stope were optimised according to the suggested roof-contacted filling ratio.


Amazon Mechanical Turk was used, for the first time, to collect statistically representative survey data from U.S. households on the presence, number, type and usage of refrigerators, freezers, and various "miscellaneous" refrigeration products (wine/beverage coolers, residential icemakers and non-vapor compression refrigerators and freezers), along with household and demographic information. Such products have been poorly studied to date, with almost no information available about shipments, stocks, capacities, energy use, etc. A total of 9,981 clean survey responses were obtained from five distinct surveys deployed in 2012. General refrigeration product survey responses were weighted to demographics in the U.S. Energy Information Administration's Residential Energy Consumption Survey 2009 dataset. Miscellaneous refrigeration product survey responses were weighted according to demographics of product ownership found in the general refrigeration product surveys. Model number matching for a portion of miscellaneous refrigeration product responses allowed validation of refrigeration product characteristics, which enabled more accurate estimates of the penetrations of these products in U.S. households. We estimated that there were 12.3±1.0 million wine/beverage coolers, 5.5(–3.5,+3.2) million residential icemakers and 4.4(–2.7,+2.3) million non-vapor compression refrigerators in U.S. households in 2012. (All numerical results are expressed with ranges indicating the 95% confidence interval.) No evidence was found for the existence more » of non-vapor compression freezers. Moreover, we found that 15% of wine/beverage coolers used vapor compression cooling technology, while 85% used thermoelectric cooling technology, with the vast majority of thermoelectric units having capacities of less than 30 wine bottles (approximately 3.5 cubic feet). No evidence was found for the existence of wine/beverage coolers with absorption cooling technology. Additionally, we estimated that there were 3.6±1.0 million hybrid refrigerator-wine/beverage coolers and 0.9±0.5 million hybrid freezer-wine/beverage coolers in U.S. households. We also obtained estimates of miscellaneous refrigeration product capacities, lifetimes, purchase and installation costs, repair frequencies and costs, and maintenance costs. For wine/beverage coolers, we also obtained information on the penetration of built-in units, AC/DC operating capability, the use of internal lights, and distributions of door opening frequencies. This information is essential to develop detailed estimates of national energy usage and life-cycle costs, and would be helpful in obtaining information on other plug-load appliances. Additional information not highlighted in the main report was presented in Appendices. « less


Abstract Safflower is originated from Iran and is tolerant against water deficit stress. However, in semi-arid Mediterranean climate terminal drought and heat stress adversely affect the safflower production. In order to investigate the influence of foliar application of proline (Pr) (10 and 20 mM) and glycinebetaine (GB) (2 and 4 mM) under well and deficit irrigation (37.23° N,46.16° E). Foliar spray of compatible organic solutes started from middle vegetative growth and continued till seed filling stage. Comparison of well irrigated and stress conditions revealed that severity of water deficit stress (SI) was 0.25. Evaluation of growth-related morphological characteristics such as plant height, leaf area, canopy spread and percent ground cover showed that they considerably reduced by water deficit stress. However, foliar application of compatible solutes could somewhat increase growth related parameters. Results showed that water deficit stress noticeably reduced the chlorophyll content, while foliar spray could alleviate the water deficit stress effects when compared with intact plant (non-sprayed plants). The beneficial effect of GB was more prominent than Pr, especially under deficit irrigation condition. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the best performance under well irrigated condition was obtained by application of 4 mM GB while under deficit irrigation condition the best performance was recorded for plants treated with 2 and 4 mM GB and 20 mM Pr. Overall, results of current experiments showed that foliar spray with high concentration of GB may can significantly alleviate the adverse effects of water deficit stress.


Research and clinical trials aimed at prolonging allograft survival have historically been viewed as promoting either immunosuppression or tolerance. However, new studies reveal that some immunosuppressive agents may also promote tolerance through enhanced generation of regulatory T cells (Treg). These findings lead to new ways of thinking about these agents and how they might be combined to promote tolerance while suppressing the immune response. This requires a new view of tolerance and immunosuppression as a continuum rather than a dichotomy. The outcome of kidney transplantation continues to improve through judicious use of potent drugs that prevent rejection by "nonspecifically" suppressing the immune system while trying to avoid deleterious consequences of overimmunosuppression. In contrast, research, including pilot clinical trials, continues to focus on achieving immunologic tolerance, where the immune system is rendered specifically unresponsive to the allograft in the absence of ongoing therapy. Tolerance promises to reduce rejection and improve long-term outcome, while avoiding the dangers of chronic immunosuppression. Conventional wisdom holds that tolerance has only been achieved in rodents and that standard immunosuppressive agents may actually hinder its development. However, a truth lies between these extremes. First, tolerance may be viewed as a balance rather than "all or none" and intermediate levels are still clinically useful. Whatever the mechanisms, most allograft recipients require much less immunosuppression after six months than they did initially. Patients whose immune systems lean toward tolerance may suffer fewer rejections and require less maintenance immunosuppression. Second, some patients, albeit a minority, on standard therapy do actually develop tolerance. If we could only identify these patients, immunosuppression could be stopped or tapered with anticipation of a favorable outcome


The present paper deals with an improved synthesis of two molecular hybrids of AMPA and KA, compounds CIP-A and CIP-B, and their transformation into CIOP-A and CIOP-B, the corresponding amido derivatives. Exploiting the continuous-flow technology, a significant improvement in the synthesis of the glutamate agonists CIP-A and CIP-B was accomplished, in terms of overall yield, time, and excess of ethyl chlorooximinoacetate. Moreover, we find out the HPLC conditions suitable to separate, at a preparative level, the three intermediates formed in the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition step.


The progress and recent status of the electro-catalysts used in direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) was reviewed from the viewpoint of the development of anode catalyst and cathode catalyst.The mechanism for electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol was briefly summarized. It was demonstrated that not only the Pt-based binary or ternary alloys,but also electronically conducting mixed oxides could be used as anode catalyst materials, meanwhile, the development in the new oxygen reduction and methanol inert electrocatalyst containing non-noble metal with high activity and selectivity should become an important direction for cathode catalyst research.


Russell D. Carman, who, if not the father of roentgenoscopy in this country, is certainly the first active protagonist (Brown), stated in 1920, and iterated in the earlier edition of his book and papers : "I believe that the advantages of the screen in examination of the digestive tract can hardly be too strongly emphasized. Only by its use can exact information be obtained as to mobility and flexibility, the phenomena of peristalsis and antiperistalsis, the nature and permanence of irregularities of contour and effects of palpation, respiratory movement and varying positions. All changes can be seen at every instant, in the order of their succession, at any desired angle, and in these respects a few minutes of screening is equivalent to hundreds of plates." Plates were used mainly to record findings and only secondarily to check them. This tradition has been carried on and amplified, and the technic has been improved, by Carman's associates and successors, Drs. A. B. Moore, B. R. Kirklin, John D. Camp, a...


This points to the use of use of terms such as jihad, ummah, caliphate and land of Islam calls up an historic definition of the nation and nationalist sentiment. But in this case, instead of "unifying" a people on a territory, it strives to bring together geographically dispersed people under the same religious and transnational banner.


The utility model discloses a breed case that fish culture used, including controller, water quality testing device, breed case body, refrigerating plant, temperature sensor, heating device, filter screen and the pipe valve of intaking, the shut is installed on the storage case, the machine of oxygenating is installed on the shut, the compression pump is installed on the shut, install the conveying pipe on the storage case, the blowing control valve is installed to the conveying pipe, the controller is installed on the surface of breeding the case body, the left side of breeding the case body is equipped with the inlet tube, install into water pipe valve on the inlet tube, the LED lamp passes through the supporting seat and installs on the inner wall of breeding the case body, breed the inside bottom of case body and install refrigerating plant, temperature sensor and heating device, water quality testing device installs on the inside lateral wall of breeding the case body. The utility model provides a machine is oxygenated in the input connection of controller electrical property to reach the control of adjusting the machine volume of oxygenating of oxygenating.


A time series model based on fuzzy if-then rules is introduced and its estimation problem is considered. The proposed model is an application of the Takagi-Sugeno's fuzzy system and is a generalization of the threshold autoregressive model for time series. The applicability of the proposed model is considered by applying to real time series.


Left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome ("takotsubo" cardiomyopathy) (ABS), a novel cardiac syndrome, is characterized by transient apical ballooning leading to apicalsystolic dysfunction. This syndrome usually mimics acute coronary syndrome (ACS) because of the symptoms, electrocar-diographic (ECG) changes and moderate cardiac enzyme release,however the myocardial area affected from ABS does not belongto a single coronary artery territory, coronary angiogram usuallydoes not reveal a significant coronary artery disease and themyocardial dysfunction is almost always reversible.Takotsubo cardiomyopathy was first described in Japan bySatoh et al (1) and Dote et al (2) as left ventricle affected from ABSwas resembling an octopus trap (in Japanese named "takotsubo").After that, many case reports were reported in Japan, but few inWestern countries. Herein, we report 4 cases of transient ABSfrom Turkey. The characteristics of these patients who developed ABS areshown in Table 1. All these patients were female and had a triggering event, physical or emotional stress before symptoms.The ECG changes and troponin T (TnT) positivity were mimickingACS however three of them had normal coronary angiogram andthe other patient had non-critical stenosis. Typical left ventricu-lography appearance of ABS of patient 1 is shown in Figure 1.The ABS is an acute onset syndrome with chest symptoms,electrocardiographic changes, and minimal increase in myocardial enzyme levels in serum mimicking acute myocardialinfarction leading to transient left ventricular apical wall motionabnormalities in patients without significant stenosis on coronaryangiogram. All physicians should know the existence of this disease because thrombolytic therapy may be given by mistake tothese patients with no occlusion in their coronary arteries. The ABS, first thought to occur only in Japan, has now beendemonstrated in many countries (3-6). To our knowledge, this isthe first series of ABS described in Turkish patients.This case series showed the importance of physical andemotional stress in the development of ABS. Three of these casesdeveloped ABC after operation under general anesthesia and theother - after death of her husband. This disease is most commonlyseen in elderly women. In one review (7) investigating 7 case series, 82-100% of the patients affected from ABS were women.All our four cases were women, which is also consistent with literature reports. The pathophysiology of ABS is not still clear because ABS isa novel syndrome and is not seen commonly maybe because it isan underrecognized disease as the symptoms, ECG changes andmoderately elevated cardiac enzymes make the physicians consider ACS. However, there are many postulations about thepathophysiology of this disease in the literature.One of the important findings in ABS is that most of patientshave increased catecholamine levels after a stressful event.Wittstein et al (8) have demonstrated supraphysiologic catecholamine levels in patients with transient left ventriculardysfunction after emotional stress. Initial plasma levels of catecholamines of this category of patients were markedly higherthan in patients presented with acute myocardial infarction. Classical myocardial ischemia and necrosis cannot explainthe pathophysiology of this disease because the coronary angiographies performed immediately after this disease reveal noobstructive lesion in the coronary arteries and the myocardialarea affected from this disease does not belong to a single coronary artery territory. The most popular hypothesis in the development of ABS ismyocardial stunning due to an epicardial coronary artery spasm.Microvascular spasm was also assumed to be the cause of thisdisease. There are several questions about these postulations.Why do all the patients with a stressful event not develop ABS?Why this disease is seen most commonly in elderly women? Whyis there a geometrical distribution of this disease in the ventricleand the area affected does not belong to a single coronary arteryperfusion territory? Merli et al (9) have clarified these questions. Elderly womenusually develop abnormal basal/mid-septal thickening known assigmoid septum, which can produce high intraventricular gradients. In the presence of raised catecholamine levels due to


Since 1987 the EU Commission has put forward a series of proposals for a 13 Company Law Directive on takeover bids. At one point it seemed as if the Commission's efforts would finally bear fruit, when on 19 July 2000 the Council adopted a Common Position on the directive proposal which had been put forward in 1997. During the European Parliament's second reading of the proposal a number of amendments were proposed which the Council could not support. The conciliation procedure was therefore initiated and led to agreement in the Conciliation Committee on 6 June 2001. However, on 4 July 2001 the European Parliament rejected the conciliation agreement with 273 votes in favour and 273 votes against. This was a serious setback for the work on a directive on takeover bids. The Parliament's objection was particularly due to German concerns that German companies would be taken over by foreign companies, in the same way as the German company Mannesmann had been taken over in 1999 by the British company Vodafone AirTouche. In particular, German members questioned the principle that the management of the target company should not, on its own authority, take defensive measures against a takeover bid. It was also


Discovering causal relationships from data is the ultimate goal of many research areas. Constraint based causal exploration algorithms, such as PC, FCI, RFCI, PC-simple, IDA and Joint-IDA have achieved significant progress and have many applications. A common problem with these methods is the high computational complexity, which hinders their applications in real world high dimensional datasets, e.g gene expression datasets. In this paper, we present an R package, ParallelPC, that includes the parallelised versions of these causal exploration algorithms. The parallelised algorithms help speed up the procedure of experimenting big datasets and reduce the memory used when running the algorithms. The package is not only suitable for super-computers or clusters, but also convenient for researchers using personal computers with multi core CPUs. Our experiment results on real world datasets show that using the parallelised algorithms it is now practical to explore causal relationships in high dimensional datasets with thousands of variables in a single multicore computer. ParallelPC is available in CRAN repository at this https URL


An attempt has been made to show the usefulness of the instrument developed at CGCRI for the purpose of assessing the drying rate of ceramic wares under varied conditions of temperature, relative humidity and electrolyte addition. Two types of bodies, viz.vitreous china and cordierite, were slip cast and their drying rates were measured under varying conditions.A relation between the dielectric loss, as measured by the instrument, and the corresponding moisture content of the ceramic article could be established.The results suggest that the instrument can be utilized by the whiteware industry in understanding the mechanism of drying to optimise the conditions to be maintained for a particular ceramic ware. © 1985 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.