During design signoff, many iterations of Engineer Change Order (ECO) are needed to ensure IR drop of each cell instance meets the specified limit. It is a waste of resources because repeated dynamic IR drop simulations take a very long time on very similar designs. In this work, we train a machine learning model, based on data before ECO, and predict IR drop after ECO. To increase our prediction accuracy, we propose 17 timing-aware, power-aware, and physical-aware features. Our method is scalable because the feature dimension is fixed (937), independent of design size and cell library. Also, we propose to build regional models for cell instances near IR drop violations to improves both prediction accuracy and training time. Our experiments show that our prediction correlation coefficient is 0.97 and average error is 3.0mV on a 5-million-cell industry design. Our IR drop prediction for 100K cell instances can be completed within 2 minutes. Our proposed method provides a fast IR drop prediction to speedup ECO.


Mercury (Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in insects from 19 lakes in Quebec (Canada) and Sweden ranged from 550 ng Hgg-1 dry weight (dw). The mean proportion of MeHg to total Hg concentrations depended on the feeding behaviour of the animals, increasing from 35-50% in detritivoresgrazers (dipterans, ephemeropterans, trichopterans) to 70-95% in predators (heteropterans, coleopterans, odonates). These differences were attributed to the biomagnification of MeHg in the food web since the MeHgJtotal Hg ratio in the organisms was not related to their body size. A large part of the overall variability of total Hg (r2=0.57, p=0.0001) and MeHg (r2=0.79, p=0.0001) concentrations in insects was explained by taxonomic differences, probably related to feeding behaviour, and the differences between lakes. MeHg concentrations in chironomids and in odonates were significantly correlated with sediment MeHg contents (r=0.78, p=0.005; r=0.62, p=0.001, respectively). However, our results suggest that animal feeding behaviour and the quality of ingested food are more important in determining MeHg accumulation in insects than either MeHg contents of sediment or atmospheric Hg deposition rates. Our data indicate that the bioavailability of Hg to the lower trophic levels of the food web is determined by abiotic factors and controls contamination of predators at the top of the food chain. Total Hg concentrations in insects increased from spring to fall, from 60-80 ng Hgg-1 dw to 125-175 ng Hgg-1 dw in the detritivore-grazer taxa, and from 88-120 ng Hggl dw to 180-200 ng Hgg-1 dw in the predator taxa. MeHgItotal Hg ratios showed little variability from spring to fall and the increase of Hg and MeHg concentrations in insects seemed to be related to enhanced methylation resulting from the rise of water temperature and to the variations in the nature of the food ingested.


Results of wear and friction analyses of chrome and cast iron are discussed. The data were obtained by measurements with tribometer as well as in the engine. With the help of the continuous wear measuring by means of radionuclide technique (RNT) a high-resolution monitoring of the wear progress was possible with respect to operating conditions and manufacturing parameters. A valuation of the influence of manufacturing and running-in on the tribological behavior is reported.


Pakistan is a multi-ethnic state. All the provinces of Pakistan though identified with majority ethnic groups are homes of more than one ethnic group who are followers of different cultural traditions. These minority ethnic groups are not uniformly scattered in their home provinces but are concentrated in certain specific regions where they form majority of the population. These regions are considered by their inhabitants as deprived and neglected in socio-economic development due to dominance of majority ethnic groups identified with core regions of the provinces. Bulks of developmental funds are utilized in areas inhabited by dominant/privileged ethnic groups and situation is not different in terms of job opportunities especially in public sector. That has created a sense of deprivation in these regions and produced intra-provincial conflicts between privileged and deprived regions. Populations of deprived regions are not satisfied on inclusion of their areas in existing provinces and demand separation. This study examines the causes that generate the demands for creation of new provinces.


This paper focuses on the choice of exchange rate regime and the implications of alternative monetary policy frameworks for Pakistan. It notes that, in the context of international capital mobility, there is ample evidence sustaining a fixed exchange rate in the face of terms-of-trade or international financial market shocks is very difficult. Furthermore, a forced abandonment of a fixed exchange rate has proved to be quite disruptive for some countries. In light of the discretionary nature of the existing monetary policy in Pakistan, there may be a case—especially in the context of a flexible exchange rate policy—for pursuing an inflation objective more directly. Inflation targeting can help to make monetary policy more transparent by focusing attention on an explicit goal, thereby increasing the public's understanding of the central bank's strategy to deliver the target. More specifically, an inflation target for the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) will help to provide an anchor for inflation expectations in the economy, and the announcement of a clear path for the medium-term inflation outlook will reduce the size of inflation "surprises" and their associated costs in terms of output fluctuations. While recognizing that there might be considerable merit in adopting an alternative monetary policy framework, it should nevertheless be stressed that the authorities would need to take some important steps to improve the central bank's capacity to conduct such a policy, including enhancing technical skills at the SBP. The most crucial amongst the requirements for successful inflation targeting would be the continuous criterion that the authorities must ensure that there is no return to fiscal dominance of monetary policy.


The four-vertices concept of Kharitonov's theorem is one of the most important results in the area of robust stability of linear time-invariant continuous-time systems. If the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial of a given system are dependent, the vertex concept cannot be applied in general. If the coefficients are linearly dependent, various results can be achieved. The case where the coefficients are partly dependent is considered, and more general vertex theorems on robust stability are given where the set considered in the coefficient space does not need to be convex. The notion of the vertex polynomial is generalized. The results are based on a modified Hermite-Biehler theorem, which presents an irredundant characterization of a reactance function. A new geometrical interpretation of stability conditions is also given. Further results are presented for low-order polynomials. >


A generalized evidence theory, named as open frame Dempster-Shafer theory (OFDST), is proposed in the case of that a completed frame of discernment is unavailable. In the OFDST, the evidence's model is based on an open frame of discernment which will be complemented and enriched gradually during evidence combination. With the support function and objecting function defined on the OFDST, a novel interpretation of the evidence's belief function model is presented and the linear essence of the Dempster's rule of combination is demonstrated. Finally, an example is presented to illustrate the rationality and effectiveness of this theory.


The paper gives an arithmetic that improves test precision of periodic signal as well as reduces calculational times.The arithmetic will adjust the discrete series that be gained by sampling,and makes it approach the ideal discrete series.The result of arithmetic processing shows that spectrum leakage is reduced evidently.


The Real Work Lecture Program (KKN) is a form of education in the pattern ofcommunity service. KKN Rajendra Team are doing of community service in CibeuteungMuara Village RT 002 RW 003, Ciseeng District, Bogor Recency West Java Province hasthe aim of building a growing developing village while providing knowledge andunderstanding to the community about the importance of early education. The programthat can support it is the socialization of education to all lines of the village community,both those in schools and parents as well as village officials. Therefore, through thisKKN students help in community education or community empowerment located inCibeuteung Muara Village.Keywords : Village, Education, Socialization.


The temporal evolution of the spherical part of the hole distribution function is studied by numerical integration of the Boltzmann equations in energy shells of various widths for a simple model. Phonon coupling parameters determined from mobility data are used. Buildup times of the distribution functions of the order of or less than 1 ps are found for p=1015 cm-3 and T=300 K. Overshoot of the functions is seen for larger photon fluxes. The calculated spectral characteristic of the change in the absorption coefficient and the value of the saturation intensity are in good agreemwnt with experimental data.


The country's largest source of income is taxation, which is used to pay for all routine expenditures as well as national development. Thus, it can be said that the process of national development will not run smoothly without maximum tax revenue. Taxpayer compliance is closely related to tax revenue, because an increase in taxpayer compliance can result in an increase in tax revenue. However, it was found that the level of compliance of individual taxpayers registered at KPP Pratama Batam Selatan was still low in fulfilling existing tax obligations. There are a number of factors that influence the compliance of individual taxpayers in carrying out their tax obligations. The aim of this research is to know and analyze the effect of tax awareness, tax sanctions, quality of tax services, education level, and gender on individual taxpayer compliance at KPP Pratama South Batam. Primary data was used in this study from respondents by distributing questionnaires via Google Form online. The sample collection used the purposive sampling method, and used the slovin formula so that a total of 100 respondents were obtained. Descriptive analysis techniques, data quality tests (reliability and validity), classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing (coefficient of determination, partial, simultaneous) were used in this study. The results show that partially awareness of taxation, tax sanctions, and quality of tax services have a significant effect on individual taxpayer compliance at KPP Pratama Batam Selatan, while education level and gender have no significant effect. Furthermore, it is known that simultaneously tax sanctions, tax awareness, level of education, quality of tax services, and gender have a significant influence.


Given the positive influences of entrepreneurship in tems of increasing economic growth and creating jobs, considerable efforts have been made to promote entrepreneurship in both developed and developing countries. Scholars and policymakers are also increasingly interested in the factors which influence the decision to become an entrepreneur and thus understanding why some people decide to start a business while others do not. The research reported in this dissertation therefore explored the factors which influence the entrepreneurial intentions of students in higher education in the developing country of Iran.


The MADS-box genes play many roles during the development of the flowers and ovules.The catolog of MADS-box gene family and struction charactization of transcriptional factors encoded by the genes family were showed.The functions to the ovule development in the petunia and the Arabidopsis were reviewed,which included FBP 7、FBP 11、STK、AG、SHP and SEP,also included OsMADS 13 in the Rice.The research prospects of the genes family is also present.


Some new axiomatic characterizations and recursive formulas of the Shapley value are presented. In the results, dual games and the self-duality of the value implicitly play an important role. A set of non-cooperative games which implement the Shapley value on the class of all games is given.


Since the discovery by R. Fahraeus, in 1916, discovered accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation in nitrated blood of pregnant women, the literature on this reaction (SR-Senkungs Reaktion) has grown rapidly, not only in pregnancy, but also in pathology in general. Comparatively little, however, its significance has been developed in crino- and psycho-neuropathology; meanwhile, available data suggest that this reaction can be used as a guideline for the further development of these branches of science, especially for the analysis of pluriglandular forms.


This article presents the result of a research of master's degree regarding the evaluation of the public politics of professional education, considering the effectiveness and efficiency of the actions aiming technical formation, in what it refers to the process and result of the implantation of the public politics of professional education in the Federal Institute of the Bahia — Camacari Campus. It was adopted as methodological boarding the case study, with the accomplishment of interviews semistructured with the administrative and Courses' coordinators and application of questionnaires to the students graduated in Electrotechnical Computer technician courses science and in the integrated modality. For the treatment of the data, it was opted to the analysis of contents. From the analysis of the data, factors were verified that make difficult increasing the number of students in the courses. It was evidenced, also, that the most of the searched students continued to the studies by means of the entrance in courses of superior level and that, for them, the contents of the technical course of average level contribute for the accompaniment of the contents in the superior level. In respect to the professional insertion of the graduated, it was verified that the Course of Computer Science presents fragilities how much to its alignment with the demands of the region. For the course of Electrotechnical, in turn, a market of work in ascension in the city of Camacari was verified, at Industrial Complex. The analysis of the data proved, still, the existence of fragilities in the implantation of the campus and the courses technician in the integrated modality. The Federal Institute of the Bahia ? Camacari Campus has adopted some internal actions and this research points others that they need to be implanted, being necessary, however, initiatives of ampler character to correct the identified aspects, on the part of the federal government, in order to contribute to the success of the public politics in question. Ahead of the results, some recommendations were made for the improvement of the public politics of professional education, in particular the actions directed to education technician of average level in the integrated modality.


In modern society,it's definitely true that the network influences the development of the college student's personality in a positive way as well as in an negative way.Thus as to how to make the network become a propeller which can strengthen the development of the college student's personality,the authors expound their points in three aspects: government;colleges;individuals,and put forward several countermeasures and suggestions.


Commutator relations are used to investigate the spectra of Schrödinger Hamiltonians, H = −Δ + V(x), acting on functions of a smooth, compact d-dimensional manifold M immersed in ℝ d+1. Here Δ denotes the Laplace–Beltrami operator, and the real-valued potential–energy function V(x) acts by multiplication. The manifold M may be complete or it may have a boundary, in which case Dirichlet boundary conditions are imposed. It is found that the mean curvature of a manifold poses tight constraints on the spectrum of H. Further, a special algebraic r le is found to be played by a Schrödinger operator with potential proportional to the square of the mean curvature: where g is a real parameter and with {κ j }, j = 1, …, d denoting the principal curvatures of M. For instance, by Theorem 2.1 and Corollary 3.4, each eigenvalue gap of an arbitrary Schrödinger operator is bounded above by an expression using H 1/4. The "isoperimetric" parts of these theorems state that these bounds are sharp for the fundamental eigenvalue gap and for infinitely many other eigenvalue gaps.


The objective of this study is to optimize the sizing of a stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system. The optimization of the PV energy generated by horizontal panels (or inclined) fixed (or movable) for a given site is realized. The estimation of solar radiation on inclined panels based on the measurements taken on a horizontal plane is presented. Then, an optimization of the inclination angle (tilt angle) is proposed to maximize the annual PV energy production. The energy efficiency of solar tracking system is analyzed and evaluated. Finally, the optimal sizing for the stand-alone photovoltaic system (SAPS) is presented based on an energy management between the PV panels, the batteries, and the load.


The press of the student armed forces of Guangxi during the War of Resistance Against Japan developed rapidly,which was bound up with the media ecology of the time. The media ecosystem is the overall balance of government,media,audiences and society. The media should survey fully their own media ecosystem,exert beneficial influences and regulate the structure and function of ecosystem along in order to realize a harmonious development of the media and yield the greatest returns from society,economy and ecology.


Cervical cancer is a common clinical gynecologic tumor,mainly in developing countries,the trend was younger,the patient age distribution was Shuangfeng like,human papillomavirus is a leading cause of cervical cancer,cervical cancer precancerous lesions over a long period of time. Early detection,early intervention,early treatment can decrease the morbidity and mortality of cervical cancer. With the development of genomics and moiecular biology gene therapy of cervical carcinoma in the breakthrough.


534 and 351 pairs of SSR and EST-SSR primers mapped on 7 homeologous groups of common wheat were initially used to amplify the genomic DNA of a representative common wheat cultivar,Fukuho and a tetraploid accession,Z559 from Agropyron cristatum L.It was found that 475(89.0%)SSRs and 314(89.5%)EST-SSRs primer pairs brought detectable amplification on the genomic DNA of Fukuho respectively,while 226(42.3%) SSRs and 258(73.5%)EST-SSRs primer pairs gave evident amplification on the genomic DNA of Z559.The results indicated that EST-SSRs had higher transferability to A.cristatum than that of genomic SSRs.Additionally,stronger bands were more frequently exhibited on the electrophoresis patterns of PCR products driven by EST-SSR primers compared with SSR primers.A subset of 60 primer pairs each of SSRs and EST-SSRs resulted in clear bands and polymorphisms on Fukuho and Z559 PCR patterns was then chosen to further test the polymorphisms among three common wheat cv.,Fukuho,Chinese Spring and Beijing 8 and among three A.cristatum accessions,Z804(2n=2x,PP),Z559(2n=4x,PPPP) and Z1075(2n=6x,PPPPPP).40(66.7%)SSRs and 22(36.7%) EST-SSRs primer pairs detected polymorphisms among the three common wheat cultivars,while 50(83.3%)SSRs and 52(86.7%) EST-SSRs primer pairs amplified the genomic DNAs of the three A.cristatum accessions differently.Based on transferability,band intensity and polymorphisms on PCR patterns,it was obviously shown that common wheat EST-SSRs had higher transferability to A.cristatum than that of SSRs though both of them could do after screening.Thus,the utility of EST-SSR markers should be superior to that of SSRs in the studies related to A.cristatum.


We present a systematic analysis of the nanotube-synthesis method of template-directed growth in conjunction with the sol-gel process and a spin-coating technique (TSS). Advantages and disadvantages of the TSS method are described. The method is a simple, highly reproducible, and time-saving method to prepare multi-functional complex metal-oxide nanotubes with high aspectratios. However, the method still has delicate problems to be solved: the low-solid content of the sol-gel precursor solution, the interaction between the surfaces of the pore walls of the porous alumina template (PAT) and the sol particles, and the unwanted interaction between the PAT and the deposited sol-gel solution. Precise control of the experimental parameters, such as the pH of the precursor solution, the volume of the drop during the spin-coating process, the spinning speed, and the spinning time, is needed.


The variational method developed by James and Coolidge was applied to the ground state of (He H)+, extending the earlier work of Coulson and Duncanson and of Toh. Several terms not considered previously in the power series expansion of the wave function in elliptic coordinates were found to be very effective in increasing the binding energy. Calculations with a 20‐term wave function gave an equilibrium internuclear separation of 1.432 a0 and a fundamental frequency of 3600 cm−1. A 23‐term wave function established 1.68 ev as the lower limit for the corrected dissociation energy.


We derive tight closed-form approximations of symbol and bit error probability on maximum-likelihood sequence detection (MLSD) of Nyquist-rate and oversampled OFDM systems over the AWGN, flat and frequency-selective quasi-static Rayleigh fading channels. Contrary to common knowledge, we show that on a frequency-selective channel, clipping at the transmitter leads to achievable frequency-diversity and performance gain over unclipped systems with MLSD. We derive closed-form expressions of the diversity and the performance gain over the no-clipping case, as well as the optimal clipping ratio for a given system. We show that such diversity and performance gain are a result of both clipping and channel frequency-selectivity, and they do not occur on the AWGN and flat fading channels.We also present a new near-optimum detection algorithm that achieves the MLSD performance bound with a few iterations for the clipped OFDM systems with both high and low clipping levels on the AWGN and flat Rayleigh fading channels. For the frequency selective channel, we present a receiver design that utilizes the advantage of clipping to some extent. We consider rectangular QAM signaling in this paper.


We describe how long-term solar system orbit integration could be implemented on a parallel computer. The interesting feature of our algorithm is that each processor is assigned not to a planet or a pair of planets but to a time-interval. Thus, the 1st week, 2nd week,..., 1000th week of an orbit are computed concurrently. The problem of matching the input to the (n+1)-st processor with the output of the n-th processor can be solved efficiently by an iterative procedure. Our work is related to the so-called waveform relaxation methods in the computational mathematics literature, but is specialized to the Hamiltonian and nearly integrable nature of solar system orbits. Simulations on serial machines suggest that, for the reasonable accuracy requirement of 1" per century, our preliminary parallel algorithm running on a 1000-processor machine would be about 50 times faster than the fastest available serial algorithm, and we have suggestions for further improvements in speed.


Explaining asset price booms poses a di cult question for researchers in macroeconomics: how can large and persistent price growth be explained in the absence large and persistent variation in fundamentals? This paper argues that boom-bust behavior in asset prices can be explained by a model in which boundedly rational agents learn the process for prices. The key feature of the model is that learning operates in both the demand for assets and the supply of credit. Interactions between agents on either side of the market create complementarities in their respective beliefs, providing an additional source of propagation. In contrast, the paper shows why learning involving only one side on the market, which has been the focus of most of the literature, cannot plausibly explain persistent and large price booms. Quantitatively, the model explains recent experiences in US housing markets. A single unanticipated mortgage rate drop generates 20 quarters of price growth whilst capturing the full appreciation in US house prices in the early 2000s. The model is able to generate endogenous liberalizations in household lending conditions during price booms, consistent with US data, and replicates key volatilities of housing market variables at business cycle frequencies. ∗Vancouver School of Economics, University of British Columbia, 997-1873 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada Email: firstname.lastname@example.com †I would like to thank Paul Beaudry, Amartya Lahiri and Jesse Perla for their guidance and advice as well as Yaniv Yedid-Levi, Henry Siu, and Fabian Winkler for helpful comments. I would also like to thank SSHRC for its support during this project.


ZnO nanorods, with a wide band gap of 3.37 eV have been attracting much attention due to its wide range of applications. Looking to this aspect in the present paper, ZnO nanorods were synthesized by hydrothermal method at 120 C for 2 hrs in an autoclave by using zinc acetate and sodium hydroxide as the starting materials. The final product obtained was then characterized by Energy Dispersive analysis of Xrays (EDAX), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and Raman Spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectra showed that ZnO nanorods are belonging to wurtzite structure without any impurity phases. The ZnO nanorods shows polycrystalline behaviour as observed from SAED pattern and the calculated lattice parameters from this pattern which matches with the XRD results.The optical properties of the ZnO nanorods were then further studied with the help of absorption, photoluminescence (PL) and FTIR spectra. The optical energy band gap determined from the absorption spectra comes about 3.33 eV. In the photoluminescence spectra of ZnO nanorods the UV emission appears at 380 nm and strong blue emission appears at 445 nm. FTIR spectra indicate the existence of distinct characteristic absorption peak at 520 cm – 1 for ZnO stretching modes. The potential toxicity of nanosized ZnO nanorods were investigated using Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marceseus and Proteus vulgaris bacteria as test organism.


In the present investigation, an analysis of the impact of economic growth on the environment during the period 1971–2015 in Ecuador was made. The hypothesis of the environmental Kuznets curve was used as a study tool. We estimated this relationship in a country with strong dependence on revenues from the exploitation of natural resources and a low level of industry participation in gross domestic product (GDP). To generate empirical evidence, the methodology of the third degree Almon polynomial was applied with three lags in time. The variables were examined by informal econometric tests such as graphs of time series, stationarity, and seasonality as well as formal differences such as Dickey Fuller to check the effectiveness of their contribution in the research. Finally, the results reveal a direct, positive relationship in the short term between economic growth and CO2 emissions. The confirmation of the hypothesis opens the door to the discussion of optimal conditions of production while minimizing pollution, which is a dilemma that states face since they require a way to produce while maintaining a healthy and balanced environment.


A good knowledge of the pragmatic meanings of if-clause expressing condition in given contexts helps foreign language learners understand and use the language better.And a good and correct understanding of the pragmatic meanings of if-clause expressing condition must depend on given context.


Among the content of current school mathematics in Brazil, stellar polyhedra does not exist in official national curriculum proposals. The visual beauty and conceptual magnitude of these kinds of polyhedra awaken interest among teachers to include them in their classroom curriculum. In this article, we present resources that high school teachers can use to work with stellar polyhedra. We show Internet sites that explore this topic, exemplify 3-D animations, and illustrate Origami modules that we are constructing. Besides possibilities of curricular innovations, we propose an architecture (cognitive, communicative and representative) for mathematics classrooms. This architecture challenges educators


A rapid determination method for the preliminary thalassaemia screening indicators—haemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular Hb (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV)—based on near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was developed. Wavelength selections were accomplished using the improved moving window partial least squares (MWPLS) method for stability. Each model was established using an approach based on randomness, similarity and stability to obtain objective, stable and practical models. The optimal wavebands screened using MWPLS were 1538 nm to 1756 nm for Hb and 968 nm to 1028 nm for MCH and MCV, which were within the NIR overtone region. The validation root mean square error, validation correlation coefficients and relative validation root mean square error of prediction were 3.9 g L−1, 0.972 and 2.9% for Hb; 1.41 pg, 0.958 and 4.8% for MCH; and 4.09 fL, 0.929 and 4.9% for MCV, respectively. The three models achieved high validation accuracy, and the Hb, MCH and MCV prediction values were close to the clinical measured values. Based on the cut-off values (MCH = 27.0 pg, MCV = 80.0 fL) for the routine method, the sensitivity and specificity both reached 100% based on the spectral-predicted MCH and MCV values in the validation set. The spectral prediction was highly accurate for determining negative and positive samples in preliminary thalassaemia screening. The proposed method is rapid and simple compared with the conventional method. This technique is a promising tool for preliminary thalassaemia screening in population prevention and control programmes. This study provides valuable references for designing specialised spectrometers.


The expression "monetary incorporation" has picked up significance since the mid 2000s, an after effect of discoveries about budgetary prohibition and its immediate relationship to destitution. The Hold Bank has been urging banks to embrace an organized and arranged way to deal with money related incorporation with responsibility at the most elevated amounts by planning board-endorsed FIPs. Out of 3,445 provincial bank offices opened amid 2014-15, 2,230 branches were opened in unbanked country focuses. Around 155 million Fundamental Investment funds Bank Store Accounts (BSBDAs) were added taking the aggregate BSBDAs to 398 million. This incorporates 147 million records opened under PMJDY. With the expansion of 2.6 million little homestead division credits (Kisan Visas KCCs) and 1.8 million little non-ranches segment credits (General Charge cards GCCs), the aggregate number of such records went up to almost 42.5 million and 9.2 million individually This paper neglects on an investigation of monetary consideration plan and its usage in unbanked range of India.


The potential genotoxicity of methylsulfonylmethane, a crystalline organic sulfur, derived from chemically modified lignin from plants was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo assays. In the bacterial reverse mutation test using Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1538, methylsulfonylmethane did not induce any significant increase of His' revertants. In the in vitro chromosome aberration test using Chinese Hamster Lung (CHL) cells, no aberration effects were seen. In the in vivo evaluation using a micronucleus test, negative results were obtained. Accordingly, the results indicated that methylsulfonylmethane is not genotoxic and its use is unlikely to present a potential hazard.


Abstract. Dual-frequency GPS TEC monitors have been used to study the response of the ionosphere to the solar eclipses of 22 July 2009 and 15 January 2010. The receivers were located at three stations, Calcutta, Kharagpur and Baharampore which are situated outside the umbra zone in the Indian longitude sector with each baseline being ~200 km. Effects of obscuration of the solar disc were noted in the ambient TEC recorded at the three stations. A series of depletions in TEC along the track of a GPS satellite and associated wave-like structures were identified on some GPS links during both the eclipses.


Automatic translation way by you target the source language sentence in the source language to be translated into the target language sentence in the language, accurately splitting the source language sentence, and create exactly the subject of each of the split sentence, to improve translation quality and equipment it is disclosed. Automatic translation method according to an embodiment includes the steps of analyzing the source language sentence; Step with reference to the source language to the source language sentence database partition thesaurus dividing the source language sentence into a plurality of divided sentence; Step with reference to the source language corpus to generate a given partition of a given sentence from the plurality of split sentences; And the given translation by comprising a plurality of target language sentence division sentence, including a segmented sentence is generated.


Adaptive control of a tip-tilt mirror requires precise model estimation, which is difficult for the nonlinear features of piezoelectric actuators such as creep, hysteresis and resonance. A linear quadratic Gaussian control/loop transfer recovery (LQG/LTR) based compensation of the non-linearity is used, which employs a high sampling frequency position sensor to measure the displacements of the tip-tilt mirror and feedbacks the modified command needed to make the actuator response linearly to input command. A normalized LMS adaptive filter whose gains are adjusted by weight updating algorithm to minimize the mean square error of the output is used in order to reduce the jitter introduced by kinds of broadband and narrowband disturbance. The principle of an adaptive filter and LQG/LTR compensator combination control of a nonlinear tip-tilt mirror is introduced. The method is compared with the integrator and LQG/LTR combination control by numerical simulation. Results reveal that the adaptive filter and LQG/LTR compensator combination control is more effective and has less tracking residual error.


Development in ICT has resulted in innovations in terms of new applications and software to use in education, one of them is in the English language teaching. This study aims to find out the strengths and drawbacks of LyricsTraining implementation as one example of the web-based CALL in the Basic Listening course, one of the obligatory courses in the English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University. LyricsTraining is a website that integrates audio and video taken from YouTube with the song lyrics. It allows the students to play the music video and requires them to type in the missing lyrics or choose from the options provided. Survey was used as the method of this study, involving 30 first semester students from one class of Basic Listening course as the participants. Questionnaire with close and open-ended questions was used to gather the data. The results of this study describe the strengths as well as the drawbacks of the implementation of LyricsTraining in the Basic Listening course experienced by the students.


This study aimed to describe the village fund management accountability reporting in the Village District of Punung Pacitan Gondosari include implementation, obstacles encountered, and the solutions provided. This study used a qualitative research with case study strategy. Data collected by observation, interview and documentation. Test the validity of the data by triangulation of data sources and data collection techniques. Analysis of the data using interactive analysis techniques through data collection, data reduction, presentation and conclusion.
The results of this study indicate that the village fund management accountability reporting in the Village District of Punung Pacitan Gondosari already performing quite well but there are still constraints faced. These constraints include lack of discipline TPK (Project Management Team) in reporting so that sometimes an accountability report that should have been reported yet to be reported in a timely manner, the lack of openness to the villagers, the villagers are less active role on the implementation of meetings or coordination related to the management the village fund.
The solution that has been done is to give sanction strikes and cuts salaries to officers who have a duty or responsibility to make the accountability report of activities in the village, then the government must be more open with the public by way of involving the community when there are meetings or coordination regarding fund village in the village of the District Gondosari Punung Pacitan.


Using the state‐of‐the‐art emissions‐driven Max Planck Institute Earth system model, we explore the impacts of artificial ocean alkalinization (AOA) with a scenario based on the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) framework. Addition of 114 Pmol of alkalinity to the surface ocean stabilizes atmospheric CO2 concentration to RCP4.5 levels under RCP8.5 emissions. This scenario removes 940 GtC from the atmosphere and mitigates 1.5 K of global warming within this century. The climate adjusts to the lower CO2 concentration preventing the loss of sea ice and high sea level rise. Seawater pH and the carbonate saturation state (Ω) rise substantially above levels of the current decade. Pronounced differences in regional sensitivities to AOA are projected, with the Arctic Ocean and tropical oceans emerging as hot spots for biogeochemical changes induced by AOA. Thus, the CO2 mitigation potential of AOA comes at a price of an unprecedented ocean biogeochemistry perturbation with unknown ecological consequences.


to the human race as to be more utterly identified with it than even a father can be with his son, or a mother with her child. lvhat this identification of Christ with sinful man in His life and above all in His death involved-all that it involved-we cannot tell. We would need to be God Himself to tell that. The mystery, the unfathomable mystery, of the suffering of Christ involved in His redemptive work is impressed on us, especially as we read the story of the agony in Gethsemane, with its complex of sorrow and conflict and sub-


Introduction In recent years there has been a growing interest in the early stages of foreign language learning in classrooms. Governments across the world have introduced a foreign language into their national curriculum for younger and younger children. These moves are partly motivated by research into first and second language acquisition which suggests that the earlier foreign language education begins, the more successful it is likely to be. In addition to this research-based motivation, governments around the world recognize the need to 'globalize' their workforce for the international marketplace, and lowering the age at which the children in the country begin to study a foreign language is one way of meeting this need. The research presented in this paper stems from a general interest in understanding the processes and efficacy of foreign language learning in the primary school classroom. It was originally planned as a response to the introduction of compulsory English language education for Grades 5 and 6 in Japan in April 2011. I have taken a contrastive approach in this comparison of primary school foreign language lessons in England and Japan, and concentrate on teachers' classroom practices and their use of the students' first language (L1) and target language. In the Japanese school, the target language was English, and in the British school the target language was French.


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The examinations of the CROS (Contralateral Routing of Signals) type hearing aid were performed under a number of listening conditions, both advantageous and disadvantageous, in order to determine whether the relative merits of the instrument could be demonstrated in the laboratory. The listening conditions were designed by various combinations of the following three parameters: i) the origination of test sound to the bad ear. ii) the presentation of a background with voice babble. iii) the use of hearing aids. The acuity of the sound localization was measured by the speaker system.The subjects for the investigation were 38 listeners with unilateral hearing impairments, which were classified into two groups by their hearing acuities of the better ear.1) The unaided scores in case of the indirect loudspeaker were reduced by 6% in quiet and by about 20% in voice babble, due to the shadow effect of the head.2) Under aided conditions, this shadow effect was covered by the hearing aid, but the discrimination score was poorer than under unaided condition in case of the direct loudspeaker.3) The aided discrimination scores to the speech delivered from the side of the poorer ear were about 5% better in quiet, and about 10% in voice babble than unaided scores. These advantages were mostly found in the group, which had the mild deafness in the better ear.4) The localization of the sound source under aided condition was deviated to the side of the better ear, as same under unaided, however, a few improvement was shown by means of the difference of tonal timbre.


This paper is a summary of an article now under preparation for the United States Department of Agriculture Yearbook for 1941, in which an attempt is made to present, in non-technical language, a modern picture of the general circulation of the atmosphere. The final model is synthesized through a series of successive steps by means of which the controlling factors are incorporated, one at a time.

It is first shown that on a non-rotating Earth, subjected to uniform insolation, a sharp boundary between troposphere and stratosphere must develop as a result of the convective instability of the vertical temperature-distribution characteristic of radiative equilibrium. In such an atmosphere, only irregular convective circulations develop. Concentration of insolation in equatorial regions leads to development of apurely meridional circulation with a reduction of lapse-rates and suppression of convection in high latitudes.


In addition to celebrating the 40th anniversary of our journal at the 2016 Annual Network on Social Work Management in Los Angeles, we created a special feature of this issue of the journal to capt...


Electrolyses of 5-nitro-, 3-nitro, and 3,5-dinitro-tropolones in N,N-dimethylformamide generated the corresponding tropolonate anion radicals. Hyperfine structures in the ESR spectra of the radicals were reasonably explained by the spin density calculations. The results for the 3-nitro- and 3,5-dinitro-tropolonates suggested that the 3-nitro groups were twisted about 40 and 55°, respectively, from the ring plane.


Nitrides of group-III metals, namely GaN, AlN, BN, InΝ, are characterized by very short, strong atomic bonds and relatively large ionicity. Because of that, they have many physical properties different from other Ill-V semiconductors. In particular, it concerns the magnitude of energy gaps and their pressure coefficients. In this paper we present the results of the pressure variation of the direct energy gap, dEg/dp, measured for GaN and InN as well as those calculated for the four mentioned above nitrides. We find that first principle calculations reproduce experimental results very well. Comparison with other Ill—V compounds shows that nitrides possess much smaller dE g/dp values and in addition it appears that neither the Phillips ionicity nor the bond length can be used as a single parameter describing the discussed behavior.


Aim To study the changes of sex hormones, endothelial function and fibrinolytic activity in elderly hypertensive patients. Methods We selected 66 (women 34, men 32) stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ elderly hypertensive patients and 32 (women 16, men 16) elderly healthy individualsas subjects. Then their serum concentration of estradiol (E 2), testosterone (T) were measured with radio-immunoassay, plasma concentration of von Willebrand factor (vWF) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorben assay, and tissue plasminogen activator (t PA) activity, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activity were examined by photometric techniche with chromogenic substrate. Results Elderly women with hypertension had significantly lower E 2, t PA activity and significantly higher vWF and PAI activity when compared with elderly healthy women. Elderly hypertensive men had significantly lower T, t PA activity and significantly higher vWF and PAI activity when compared with elderly healthy men. E2 correlated negatively with vWF in elderly hypertensive women. Conclusion This study suggested that E 2 level was significantly decreased in elderly hypertensive women, and T level was significantly decreased in elderly hypertensive men. They both had significantly endothelial dysfunction and impaired fibrinolysis. Extradiol may exert a beneficial effect on vascular endothelium, then protect elderly women against hypertention.


We have studied partial hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene to butene on a hydrogen-precovered Pd(110) surface, focusing on how reactants were catalytically activated on a metal surface. Techniques of surface analysis, including temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), were utilized to identify chemisorbed states of the active species involved in hydrogenation. For 1,3-butadiene coverage of lower than 0.25 ML, 1,3-butadiene was in a strongly π-bonded state on H/Pd(110) and caused some of the precovered hydrogen atoms to move into the subsurface site. Under this condition, a hydrogen exchange reaction between the adsorbed 1,3-butadiene molecules and precovered hydrogen atoms occurred. At 1,3-butadiene coverage of 0.25 ML, the 1,3-butadiene molecules, which formed a c(4 × 2) layer accompanied with subsurface hydrogen atoms, were less active in hydrogen exchange and hydrogenation. In contrast, when 1,3-butadiene c...


We use concepts of continuous higher randomness, developed in Bienvenu et al. ['Continuous higher randomness', J. Math. Log. 17(1) (2017).], to investigate $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F1}_{1}^{1}$ -randomness. We discuss lowness for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F1}_{1}^{1}$ -randomness, cupping with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F1}_{1}^{1}$ -random sequences, and an analogue of the Hirschfeldt–Miller characterization of weak 2-randomness. We also consider analogous questions for Cohen forcing, concentrating on the class of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F4}_{1}^{1}$ -generic reals.


The article deals with the role and place of small-scale forms of management, which include peasant (farm) farms, personal subsidiary farms of the population (LPH), individual entrepreneurs (IE) operating in the sectors and spheres of agriculture, agricultural organizations with no more than one hundred employees. The author analyzes the dynamics of production indicators in households for 2016-2019, analyzes the dynamics of acreage and gross fruit and berry collections in households. Modern problems of small businesses and prospects for their development are also identified.


Certain phytochemical properties of two aromatic medicinally important edible plants of Darrang district, Assam, viz. Murraya Koenigii (L.) Spreng and Mentha spicata L., has been studied using six different extract solutionsMethanol, Chloroform, Petroleum ether, Benzene, Hexane and water. Both the plants contain more or less amount of tannin, flavonoids, phenol and alkaloid. Saponin is absent in Murraya koenigii. Anthraquinone, steroid, reducing sugar and resin are absent in both the plants. Mentha spicata contains trapezoid.


socio-cultural meaning. Chapter 6 sits somewhat awkwardly between the Beethoven chapters, but makes sense chronologically, as Fillion here discusses Forster's final novel, Maurice (she omits A Passage to India from her analysis), published posthumously in 1971 for fear of allegations concerning its focus on male homosexuality. Forster started writing it as early as 1913, and Fillion traces the novel's influences to Tchaikovsky's biography (published in an abridged English translation in 1906), which detailed the composer's struggle with his sexual identity and his unhappy marriage. As Fillion argues, this biography was to influence Forster personally and in the drafting of his novel: Maurice, too, gets to read Tchaikovsky's biography, and throughout the novel Tchaikovsky's music is used as a code for homosexuality. Fillion's neglect of A Passage to India (1924) is more puzzling. Sound (in form of the echo in the Marabar Caves) and music (as performed by the Indian musician Godbole) play a crucial role in the novel, as they contribute to the overall sense of disorientation the English characters feel in a country that remains incomprehensible to them because they cannot see nor hear 'the real India'.This cultural ignorance is significant in the novel's attack on imperial rule, while it also reflects Forster's own difficulties with understanding Indian music. Therefore, I would tend to disagree with Fillion that music in A Passage to India merely plays 'a relatively minor symbolic role in its trenchant sociopolitical critique of colonialism in India' (p. xxi). In chapters 7 and 8 Fillion steers away from Forster's literary fiction to focus on his personal writings on Beethoven's sonatas (unfinished, begun in 1939) and his collaboration on Benjamin Britten's opera Billy Budd (premiered 1 December 1951). Although astute and insightful, both chapters feel rather brief. It is, without a doubt, fascinating to see Forster's notes on Beethoven's piano sonatas; published for the first time, they provide a brilliant insight into Forster's personal thoughts about his experiences of playing the sonatas, as well as his critical evaluation of the music. Fillion's introductory summary and commentary are highly useful. However, its brevity (ten pages of Fillion's commentary that precede five pages of Forster's notes) left me wanting more. The shift from Forster's novels raises the question why Fillion did not include a chapter on his theoretical writings about music. Chapter 9 concludes the book with a concise summary of how music works in Forster's novels, how it informs the characters' personalities, and how it mirrors and comments on the cultural-historical context of composers and works. Moreover, it offers a signpost to other musical authors such as Thomas Mann and Marcel Proust. Michelle Fillion's volume is a very timely publication in the current surge of interdisciplinary studies, particularly in the field of word and music studies, and she references work by other word and music scholars such as Lawrence Kramer's Music and Poetry:The Nineteenth Century and After (Berkeley, 1984) and Delia de Sousa Correa's George Eliot, Music and Victorian Culture (Basingstoke, 2003). Her book is therefore to be welcomed as a significant contribution to our understanding of Forster and early twentieth-century music. CHRISTIN HOENE The University of Edinburgh


Traffic management and road safety may benefit from self-powered LED road studs but to be effective they need to be visible to road users, without glare, whatever the environmental conditions. Some parameters, such as dry versus wet road surfaces, have not been investigated previously for LED installations. In this context, two experiments have been conducted to study the visibility and discomfort glare produced by a LED road stud. The results suggest tuning the luminous intensity of LED road studs according to the illumination and road surface conditions to ensure visual perception by road users while controlling energy consumption. A quantitative model is provided in order to link the dimming to the environmental parameters.


That establishing genetic relationship between languages leads to thinking about a "homeland" can hardly come as a surprise. For such a relationship can only be thought of as the result of develop ment from a common ancestor : a proto-language. That our knowledge of that proto-language may be very poor and that statements about it are mainly formulas of what is found as common elements in the actual language materials and, therefore, are of a highly hypothetical character, does not alter the fact that a real language must have existed. The question of where that proto-language was spoken, is only legitimate. And it is obvious that linguists are among those who try to find an answer to this question. Still, it is remarkable that for the Malayo-Polynesian (or Austro nesian, as it was called later) language family the question arose very early. About the beginning of the nineteenth century it was Marsden1 who expressed the opinion that the inhabitants of the Pacific Islands must have come from Asia (from Tartary, he said). Only the population of the islands in the western part of the area ? by which he must have meant Melanesia ? might have come from New Guinea. Obviously, Marsden's guiding principle was more one of race than of consideration of linguistic facts. We shall see that, time and again, arguments of race and culture slip into linguistic discussions of the homeland problem. Very important for a theory about the origin of a language-family is the possibility of a relationship between this family and another, especially if the latter is found in a distant area. Therefore, we shall first see what has been said about the possibility of the Austronesian family showing relationship to other language groups. In this connection we may pass over in silence Bopp's ineffectual attempt to prove a relationship between Austronesian and Indo European and also MacDonald's theory on the Semitic origin of


This study identified the trend of Jeju education-related research targeting doctoral
dissertation. Doctoral dissertation were collected from 'RISS', 'National Library of Korea'
and 'The National Assembly Library', 70 papers were selected by reviewing whether or
not they were related to Jeju education. And For keyword analysis, 466 keywords were
derived and analyzed. The research results are as follows. 1) The first doctoral
dissertation related to Jeju education was published in 1990. And since 2012, the
frequency of dissertations publication has increased. From 1990 to 2007, 10
dissertations were published outside of Jeju. Since 2008, dissertations has been
published at Jeju National University. Of the total 60 dissertations published since 2008,
48(80%) dissertations are published by Jeju National University. Doctoral dissertations
are mostly related to science education and computer education. 2) The network
attribute has low density between keywords. And the cluster coefficient is high. The
structure of the network consists of ① keywords related to education programs, ②
keywords related to humanities, arts, society, and nature in Jeju, which is expressed as
'Jeju type' ③ keywords related to students & teacher ④ keywords related to curriculum
and subject content, ⑤ keywords related to educational institutions and policies. Finally,
based on the research results, the implications and directions of research related to Jeju
education were suggested.


The dissociation of nitrobenzene cation displays a variety of surprising and even apparently nonstatistical reaction behaviors. We have used infrared multiple-photon dissociation experiments to further study the reactions of this system. These experiments along with a previous photoelectron photoion coincidence study indicate that, for some products, the nitrobenzene cation dissociates to form an ion-neutral complex and then reassociates to give the phenyl nitrite cation. A reaction mechanism involving statistical dissociation is shown to account for the experimental data


Abstract : We have shown that infusions of opioid-like hibernation factors can provide ischemic protection in vivo and in vitro. in a mouse cerebral ischemia model, we showed a marked reduction in cerebral infarct volume and behavioral deficits when Deltophins-A, D and Dermorphin-H were infused 1 hr after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Using mice deficient in either neuronal (nNOS), inducible (iNOS) or endothelial (eNOS) nitric oxide synthase, we showed that only endothelial NOS plays a key role in cerebral ischemic protection We found that Deltorphin-D inhibited nitric oxide (NO) release in a dose dependent manner when mouse N9 microglial cells were activated by lipopolysacciliaride (LPS) and interferon-gamma, giving further evidence that the neuroprotective effect of these delta opioids may include their ability to retard or block the release of NO and reactive oxygen species which occur in ischemic processes such as hemorrhagic shock, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Most recently, we showed that Deltorphin-D increased blood pressure and enhances 6 hr survival of rats undergoing hemorrhagic shock without concomitant fluid resuscitation.


This article summarized the influential factors and models of brand image,based on which it analyzed possible influential factors of industrial brand image according to the latest study fruits of industrial brand and the differences between industrial market and consumer market.And then,industrial brand image conceptual model was constructed.


(1S,2S)- and (1R,2S)-3-amino-1,2-dihydroxypropylphosphonic acids were synthesized from (S)-3-azido-2-benzyloxypropanal in two steps, which involved addition ofdibenzyl phosphite, clean separation of dibenzyl (1S,2S)- and (1R,2S)-3-azido-2-benzyloxy-1-hydroxypropylphosphonates followed by azide reduction with simultaneous hydrogenolysis of benzyl protecting groups.


An audio and video signal transmission interface apparatus includes a left sound channel interface, a right sound channel interface, a multimedia terminal interface, and a ground interface; where a first power supply and a first resistor are connected in series in the multimedia terminal interface; and the apparatus further includes a voltage detecting module, a determining module, a control module, and a second resistor connected in series in the multimedia terminal interface, where a resistance value of the second resistor is greater than an internal resistance value of an audio and video terminal and smaller than an internal resistance value of a microphone terminal in reverse connection; the determining module identifies different types of transmission lines by using a voltage value measured by the voltage detecting module; and the control module is configured to implement adaptation of different transmission lines. The second resistor having a resistance value between the resistance value of the audio and video terminal and the resistance value of the microphone terminal in reverse connection is added on a device side. Therefore, a three-pole earphone, LRMG line-sequence earphone, LRGM line-sequence earphone, and audio and video data line may be accurately identified to implement adaptation for different earphones, thereby implementing compatibility between a device and different types of audio and video signal transmission lines.


The present invention provides a master cylinder and a master cylinder device. The input piston and the output piston having a master cylinder, the reduced stroke of the input piston with respect to the brake hydraulic pressure. Pressurizing the chamber with the forward (28) an increasing input hydraulic piston (22) the output piston (24) telescopically fitted to the brake pedal (26) connected to and disposed between the two spring engagement (72 ). The output piston (24) by a hydraulic rear chamber 15 the engagement of the spring (72) contracts, and relative to the input piston (22) relatively forward. Due to the small engagement spring (72) is provided a load, and therefore at the beginning of the braking operation, the output piston (24) relative to the input piston (22) relative to the forward, can be reduced wheel cylinder (12FL, FR) of the fluid pressure reaches Zi 1 is set until the input pressure stroke of the piston (22).


Global views - World travel and tourism today(Todd) The world of today and tomorrow 1 (Cetron) The world of today and tomorrow 2 (Willmott & Graham) World population and standard of living: the implications (Frechtling) Tourism and hospitality on the way to the 21st century (Muller) The future of leisure time (Clark) Tourism research and theories: a review (Weiler) Hospitality research and theories: a review (Olsen) Forecasting future tourism flows (Witt & Song) Global regions futures - Africa (Teye) Asia Pacific (Chamberlain) The Caribbean (Poon) Europe (Cleverdon) Middle East (Wahad) North America (Cook) South America (Schluter) Sectoral futures - Which way for tourist attractions? (Middleton) Hospitality and the tourist of the future (Olsen) The future of cruising (Coulson) Transport: the tail that wags the dog (Seekings) The future of timesharing (Hitchcock) The tourism market place: new challenges (Affolter) Travel distribution systems: one-to-one marketing (Bergsma) Perspectives and thoughts on tour guiding (Weiler & Ham) National tourist offices (Leu) Public - private sector partnerships (Heeley) Coastal resorts and climate change (Lohmann) Conclusions: problems, challenges, solutions (Butler & Jones).


US drug companies are hiring cheerleaders as sales representatives to promote drugs to doctors, the New York Times said on its front page on 28 November. The story claimed that drug companies were turning to cheerleaders as sales people because they were good looking and had enthusiastic outgoing personalities.

"Some industry critics view wholesomely sexy drug representatives as a variation on the seductive inducements, like dinners, golf outings, and speaking fees that pharmaceutical companies have dangled to sway doctors to their brands," the story reported.

Psychiatrist Thomas Carli, an associate professor at the University of Michigan, who has tried to …


The main aim of the master thesis is to create a project of a household financial plan and recommend ways to maximize the benefits of household financial planning. The solution to the selected problem was based on literature retrieval dealing with household financial planning, analysis of macroeconomic factors and analysis of the current situation on the market of household finance products. The thesis proposes ways to fulfil a specific financial plan for a young married couple. The main result of the thesis is creation of a family budget in relation to the proposed changes.


Web alerts are user-defined monitor conditions for public web information in which notification messages are sent to users whenever their alert conditions are met. Web alerts are usually available as services over the web. Through these services, users can define to monitor some interesting information for them. This paper discusses a special type of web alerts called temporal web alerts. In this alert type, the user can define temporal monitoring conditions for some web information that their values change with time. Examples of this type of information are the stock prices, currency exchange rates, and temperatures all of which vary as time passes. This paper discusses the possible approaches to satisfy temporal conditions and the storage requirements to support this type of alerts and provides a solution to minimize storage requirements.


In this paper, we study lower bounds on the size of a maximum independent set and a maximum matching in a hypergraph of rank three. The rank in a hypergraph is the size of a maximum edge in the hypergraph. A hypergraph is simple if no two edges contain exactly the same vertices. Let H be a hypergraph and let α(H) and α′(H) be the size of a maximum independent set and a maximum matching, respectively, in H, where a set of vertices in H is independent (also called strongly independent in the literature) if no two vertices in the set belong to a common edge. Let H be a hypergraph of rank at most three and maximum degree at most three. We show that α(H)≥|V(H)|/7 with equality if and only if H is the Fano plane. In fact, we show that if H is connected and different from the Fano plane, then α(H)≥(3|V(H)|−1)/17 and we characterize the hypergraphs achieving equality in this bound. Using this result, we show that that if H is a simple connected 3‐uniform hypergraph of order at least 8 and with maximum degree at most three, then α′(H)≥3|E(H)|/17 and there is a connected 3‐uniform hypergraph H of order 19 achieving this lower bound. Finally, we show that if H is a connected hypergraph of rank at most three that is not a complete hypergraph on 2Δ(H)+1 vertices, where Δ(H) denotes the maximum degree in H, then α(H)≥|V(H)|/2Δ(H) and this bound is asymptotically best possible. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Graph Theory


Gauge theory is a theory with constraints and, for that reason, the space of physical states is not a manifold but a stratified space (orbifold) with singularities. The classification of strata for smooth (and generalized) connections as well as the formulation of the physical space as the zero set of a momentum map, is reviewed. Several important features of nongeneric strata are discussed and new results are presented suggesting an important role for these strata as concentrators of the measure in ground state functionals and as a source of multiple structures in low-lying excitations.


To study and solve the present environmental problems, we must set up right environmental outlook or natural outlook. Only by right method of thinking, we can have right choice and movement.


During the past 2 decades, laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the procedure of choice in the surgical treatment of gall bladder stone disease and cholecystitis. Though laparoscopic cholecystectomy has many advantages over open cholecystectomy such as minimal trauma, less pain, shorter hospital stay, faster recovery, early resumption of work and satisfactory cosmetic outcome, yet this operative technique has introduced a new spectrum of intraoperative and postoperative complications like bleeding from the trocar sites and vascular injuries, gall bladder perforation and spillage of gall stones, bile duct injury and biliary leakage, port-site infection and iatrogenic bowel injuries. The frequency of complications associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy varies from 0.5% to 6%. Minor complications are usually treated conservatively. Major complications like bowel, biliary and vascular injuries are life threatening and increase mortality rate, therefore creating the need for conversion to open surgical approach in order to treat them. Male gender, old age, presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome manifested by elevated white blood cell count, acute inflammation of the gallbladder and preoperative ultrasonographic finding of increased thickness of the gallbladder wall or presence ABSTRACT


The purpose of this chapter is to reconsider a traditional approach to the compliance function of firms from a modern perspective, which broadens its concept as a company's liability to only secure its adherence to applicable laws and avoid regulatory sanctions in serving company's interests. The observation of issues regulated by the compliance function in the contest of managing situations of conflict of interest (COI) in different spheres concludes that, in fact, those issues, to a greater extent, relate to sustaining ethical behavior in business rather than stem from regulatory norms. Based on the findings of this analysis as well as other different sources, a new definition for effective compliance has been developed with the focus on adherence to ethical principles in respect to third parties, which addresses compliance function in terms of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and its sustainability role setting a vector for a further research.


Assembly of the Advanced Technology Accelerator (ATA) began in December at an isolated site 15 miles southeast of the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. When it is completed in October (the project appears to be on schedule), the 256‐foot linear induction accelerator is expected to generate repeated 10‐kiloamp pulses of 50‐MeV electrons—an order of magnitude higher energy than any previous induction linac capable of high current and high repetition rates.


Context Pre-clinical evidence suggests that prolactin has important metabolic functions in pregnancy and postpartum, in addition to lactogenic actions. Objective To explore the relationship between prolactin and maternal metabolic outcomes in human pregnancy and postpartum, particularly in relation to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Data sources MEDLINE via OVID, CINAHL plus, Embase. Study selection Eligible studies included women who were pregnant or up to 12 months postpartum, reporting at least one maternal serum prolactin level in relation to key metabolic outcomes including GDM, glycaemic parameters, obesity, and gestational weight gain. Data extraction Two independent reviewers extracted data. Data synthesis Twenty-six articles were included. Meta-analysis showed no relationship between maternal prolactin levels and GDM status, with a weighted mean difference of -2.14 ng/mL (95% CI -12.54 to 8.27 ng/mL, p=0.7) between GDM and controls in early pregnancy (n=3 studies) and -3.89 ng/mL (95% CI, -15.20 to 7.41 ng/mL, p=0.5) in late pregnancy (n=11 studies). In narrative synthesis of other outcomes (due to study heterogeneity and/or lack of data), prolactin levels were not associated with maternal glycaemic or weight-related parameters during pregnancy, but in the postpartum period (particularly with lactation) a high-prolactin environment was associated with low circulating insulin and beta-cell function, and increased insulin sensitivity. Conclusions Current evidence from human studies does not clearly support a relationship between prolactin and metabolic parameters during pregnancy, including with GDM status. Elevated prolactin was associated with lower insulin and beta-cell function and higher insulin sensitivity in the post-partum period, but the direction of causality remains unclear. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier [CRD42021262771].


Using a model of evolved gene regulatory networks, we illustrate several quantitative metrics relating to the long-term evolution of lineages. The k-generation fitness and k-generation survivability measure the evolutionary success of lineages. An entropy measure is used to quantify the predictability of lineage evolution. The metrics are readily applied to any system in which lineage membership can be periodically counted, and provide a quantitative characterization of the genetic landscape, genotype-phenotype map, and fitness landscape. Evolution is shown to be surprisingly predictable in gene networks: only a small number of the possible outcomes are ever observed in multiple replicate experiments. We emphasize the view that the lineage (not the individual, or the genotype) is the evolving entity over the long term. Notably, the long-term fitness is distinct from the short-term fitness. Since evolution is repeatable over the long-term, this implies long-term selection on lineages is possible; the evolutionary process need not be "short-sighted". If we wish to evolve very complex artifacts, it will be expedient to promote the long-term evolution of the genetic architecture by tailoring our models to emphasize long-term selection.


PURPOSE: To obtain a carboxyvinyl polymer, having a low viscosity, suitable as a base for eye drop liquids and capable of exhibiting a Newtonian viscosity by subjecting a carboxyvinyl polymer exhibiting a non-Newtonian viscosity to shearing treatment in an aqueous solution. CONSTITUTION: (A) The objective carboxyvinyl polymer is obtained by subjecting an aqueous solution of a carboxyvinyl polymer (a water-soluble acrylic acid copolymer crosslinked with various crosslinking agents such as polyallyl sucrose) to shearing treatment with an ultrasonic irradiator, a high-pressure homogenizer, a high-speed stirrer, etc. This polymer has ≤0.5 dyne/cm 2 yield value, a nearly linear relation between the shearing stress and the shearing rate and 20000-500000 molecular weight. (B) A base for eye drop liquids comprises 0.1-5% (wt./vol.) carboxyvinyl polymer obtained in (A) in a base, has <1000cP viscosity and is capable of providing the eye drop liquids, having a low viscosity and good medicine absorbability. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


An initial timing offset estimation method for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is proposed. Conventional preamble-based synchronization methods result in performance degradation due to the time variation in the power delay profile of the channel. We propose a simple but efficient synchronization method using a specifically designed preamble. The performance of the proposed estimator is evaluated by computer simulations. The simulation results show that the proposed estimator has a significantly smaller mean squared error (MSE) than other estimators even in the fast varying channel.


To solve the problem of multi-target track correlation,this paper forms two sorts of methods,namely test-priority and assignment-priority by integrating the hypothesis testing and linear assignment algorithms.For directing at the problem that the three typical algorithms tend to make error correlation on the occasion of the radar's detection capability being limited and scene of dense targets,an improved testing-priority algorithm is proposed in this paper,where the property of correlation is boosted by increasing punitively the correlation cost of virtual targets.The simulation of this algorithm is performed by designing the simplest scene of two targets and the scene of multi-target,and the simulation results indicate that this algorithm can keep the better correlation performance while the targets are dense and the detection probability of radar is reduced.


The factors influencing the decision to bicycle are explored and unraveled to inform the development of appropriate and effective strategies to increase bicycling and promote the health of individuals and of the environment. The data used in the analysis were drawn from a survey of Texas bicyclists, and the study includes a comprehensive explanatory analysis of bicyclists and their bicycling habits. Various econometric models are used to evaluate the determinants of bicyclists' perception for safety and quality issues and the frequency of bicycling for commute and noncommute purposes. The results of the study indicate that the perceptions of the quality of bicycle facilities and safety from traffic crashes show significant variation depending on bicyclists' demographic and work characteristics and bicycle amenities and facilities on the commute route and at the workplace. Bicyclist demographics (gender, age, education level, commute distance), household demographics (number of automobiles, number of bicycles, number of children), residential location and season, bicycle amenities at work (bicycle racks, showers), bicyclist perceptions of the overall quality of bicycle facilities, and bicycle-use characteristics affect commute and noncommute bicycling frequency. These study results can assist in the development of informed policies to increase commute and noncommute bicycling, and the results highlight the ongoing need for detailed surveys to understand bicycling behavior.


Productive performance of the animal is directly related with feed intake. Among various nutritional tools used to improve feed intake, dietary cation anion difference (DCAD) has the most promising effect. The DCAD is the difference between cations and anions and (Na+ + K+) - (Cl + SO")mEq/100 gm of OM is the most common equation used for DCAD calculation. High DCAD diet improves the pH of the rumen, required for optimum cellulytic microbial activity which increases dry matter intake. The rumen pH is a primary factor for controlling fiber digestion. There is a close relationship between rumen pH and forage digestion kinetics. Extent of cellulose digestion by microorganisms also depends upon ruminal pH and any change in pH from 6.8 to 6.5 increases lag time by 2h and on reducing below 6.0, lag time increased up to 8h due to loose attachment of bacteria to plant cell wall at low pH. The response of the ruminal H+ to high DCAD is very quick. It improves ruminal NH3-N concentration, acetate while propionate and butyrate decrease which results in higher acetate to propionate ratio. Blood pH, HC03". serum cation anion balance (Na" + K+ - cr + S--) also tended to increase with increasing DCAD. It increases urine pH which reflects alteration in blood pH. Milk yield and its composition are also improved as a result of increased DCAD level in the diet.


Background & Aims. Assess the clinical utility of the Prati criteria and normal ALT (<40 IU/L) in a cohort of patients with chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB). Methods. Serology, radiology, and histology were obtained in 140 patients with CHB. Results. HBeAg+ group: 7 patients (7/56−12% HBeAg+ group) misclassified as "immunotolerant", with HBV DNA > 6 log copies/ml and normal ALT, who in fact had moderate/severe fibrosis on liver biopsy. HBeAg− group: 10 patients with normal ALT and moderate/severe fibrosis on liver biopsy; 4 of these patients had >3 log copies/ml HBV DNA levels and 6 patients misclassified as "inactive carriers" with negative HBV DNA levels normal ALT and moderate/severe fibrosis (6/84−7% HBeAg− group). Two male HBeAg+ and three male HBeAg− patients with ALT between 20 and 30 IU/L and moderate/severe fibrosis on liver biopsy would have been further mischaracterised using the Prati criteria for normal ALT. Age and ethnic group were more important predictors of moderate/severe fibrosis in multivariate analysis. Conclusion. HBeAg status, age, ethnic origin with longitudinal assessment of LFTs and viral load should be studied in patients with "normal ALT" at the upper end of normal range (ALT 20–40 IU/L) to appropriately classify patients and identify patients for liver fibrosis assessment to inform treatment decisions.


Abstract In the present study, a recrystallization method was implemented to recover alumina powder from ammonium alum crystal. The ammonium alum was completely dissolved in water and treated by ultra-sonication to prevent the agglomeration of the alum crystal. The white precipitate was dried at 150 °C for 6 h, and calcinations at different temperatures were performed for 2 h. The XRD results indicated the crystalline structure of alumina with two main phases: γ-Al2O3 and α-Al2O3 at 800 and 1200 °C, respectively. The N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm results indicated that the surface area for the powder in the γ phase, which can be applied in catalysts, was 142.5 m2/g, while, in the α-phase, it was 15.3 m2/g. The morphologies elucidated that the powder particles were widely distributed in the range of ≤160 nm at different calcination temperatures and this may be attributed to increments in the particle agglomeration as the calcination temperature increased.


Bone morphogenetic protein receptor IA(BMPR-IA) gene was studied as a candidate gene for the prolificacy of sheep.Single nucleotide polymorphism of BMPR-IA gene was detected in both high fecundity breeds(Small Tailed Han sheep and Hu sheep) and low fecundity breeds(Dorset sheep,Texel sheep and German Mutton Merino sheep) by PCR-SSCP.Results indicated that both AA and AB genotypes were detected in Small Tailed Han sheep.Only BB genotype was detected in Hu sheep.Only AA genotype was detected in Dorset sheep,Texel sheep and German Mutton Merino sheep.In Small Tailed Han sheep,frequency of A allele was 0.964,frequency of B allele was 0.036.Sequencing revealed six single nucleotide mutations in the BB genotype in comparison to the AA genotype.The BMPR-IA genotype distributions were high significantly different(P0.001) between Hu sheep and Small Tailed Han sheep.The BMPR-IA genotype distributions were high significantly different(P0.001) between Hu sheep and low fecundity breeds.The BMPR-IA genotype distributions were not different(P0.05) between Small Tailed Han sheep and low fecundity breeds. The ewes with genotype AB had 0.15(P0.05) lambs more than those with genotype AA in Small Tailed Han sheep.These results preliminarily showed that BMPR-IA gene was not a major gene for high fecundity of Small Tailed Han sheep and Hu sheep.


Two geophysical onshore-offshore lines on the southern margin of Africa form the Agulhas-Karoo Geophysical Transect (AKGT) and cross prominent geological features such as the Karoo Basin, Cape Fold Belt (CFB) and the Beattie Magnetic Anomaly (BMA). Geophysical data acquired along this AKGTransect between 2004 and 2007 within the Inkaba yeAfrica (lyA) framework, provide the platform for constructing a deep crustal section (IyA-200501) for the centre 100 km of the western AKGT-transect in order to resolve these features at depth. We present a detailed deep crustal model constructed from the joint interpretation of: i. archive data comprising surface geology, aeromagnetic data, nearby deep boreholes, teleseismic receiver functions and regional seismic reflection profiles, and ii. line coincident newly acquired high-resolution geophysical data consisting of near vertical seismic reflection data, shallow Pand S-wave velocity data, wide-angle refraction data, high resolution magnetotelluric data and impedance spectroscopy measurements on borehole samples. Our model differentiates four components in the up to 45 km thick crust: 1. a ~2 to 5 km thick folded Karoo Supergroup, disrupted by low-angle thrust faults rooted in a zone of local décollements in the lower Ecca Group and resting paraconformably on 2. a continuous undeformed sub-horizontal ~1.5 to 10 km thick wedge of the Cape Supergroup (CSG). This CSG wedge stretches from the Escarpment in the north to the tectonic front of the CFB in the south, and rests on an unconformity that dips about three degrees to the south. The angular unconformity is interpreted as an erosional peneplain that separates the CSG wedge from component 3. the ~13 to 21 km mid-crust basement below. The mid-crust contains a distinct north-dipping seismic fabric, here interpreted as ~1.4 to 1.0 Ga Mesoproterozoic Namaqua-Natal Metamorphic Belt (NNMB) crust. A south-dipping mid-crustal detachment, interpreted as a ductile thrust zone, separates the mid-crust from component 4. a highly reflective ~10 to 24 km thick lower crust. The latter is interpreted as an older Palaeoproterozoic section of the NNMB (or even Archean cratonic basement), and bounded by a ~2 to 5 km thick, highly reflective bottom layer below that lies subparallel to a clear Moho. This bottom layer is interpreted as a mafic underplate, metasomatic reaction zone, or lower-crust to mantle transition zone. Collectively the seismic reflection and wide-angle refraction data support an interpretation that the NNMB mid-crustal layer contains the BMA source, possibly connected to two zones of strong reflectivity: a ~10 to 12 km wide northern zone and a ~5 to 7 km wide southern zone, both about 5 km thick and 7 to 8 km below surface. We interpret the BMA source to be at least in part, a Namaqua-like massive to disseminated, deformed/metamorphosed stratiform sulphide-magnetite ore body with metasomatic overprint. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY, 2011, VOLUME 114.3-4 PAGE 265-292 doi:10.2113/gssajg.114.3-4.265 Introduction Southernmost Africa is dominated by the PalaeozoicMesozoic Cape Fold Belt (CFB) and its flanking CapeKaroo Basin underlain by Precambrian basement, which includes the world's largest terrestrial magnetic anomaly, the Beattie Magnetic Anomaly (BMA) first detected over a century ago (Beattie, 1909). The deep crustal expressions of these surface features remain essentially unknown for lack of geophysical information. Under the auspices of the Inkaba yeAfrica research initiative (de Wit and Horsfield, 2006; www.inkaba.org) the Agulhas-Karoo Geophysical Transect (AKGT) was designed to investigate these, and other features through deep crustal geophysical data, with the aim of resolving the tectonic evolution of the southern continental margin of Africa further (e.g. Lindeque et al., 2006; 2007; Parsiegla et al., 2007; 2009; Stankiewicz et al., 2007; 2008; Weckmann et al., 2007a; 2007b). The AKGT consists of two roughly parallel northsouth, amphibian onshore/offshore lines (Figure 1). We focus on a ca. 100 km segment of the western AKGT line, which traverses the Karoo Basin from the southern escarpment of South Africa to the northern frontal ranges of the CFB, whilst crossing the ca. 1000 km long BMA close to the apparent bifurcation seen in the aeromagnetic data (Figure 1). Our work contributes the first high-resolution deep seismic reflection profile and deep crustal model through the PalaeozoicMesozoic sediments of the Cape-Karoo Basin and its underlying basement, both overprinted in the south by the mid-Phanerozoic Cape Fold Belt deformation (Figure 2). The regional geology of the southern Karoo Basin and CFB are well documented and not described in detail here (e.g. Hälbich 1983a, b, c; Söhnge and Hälbich, 1983; de Wit and Ransome, 1992; Hälbich, 1993; Thomas et al., 1993; Veevers et al., 1994; Johnson et al., 1996; 2006; Shone and Booth, 2005). Table 1 and Figure 2 summarise the stratigraphy compiled from the geological field maps (CGS, 2000) and nearby boreholes SA-1/66 and KW-1/67 (PASA, 1966; 1967b). Our derived crustal model is based on the analyses of all the available datasets shown in Figure 2 and leads us to revise existing crustal models of the region (e.g. Hälbich, 1993). These datasets include: a near vertical deep seismic reflection profile hereafter referred to as IyA-200501 (Lindeque et al., 2007); a coincident shallow velocity Vs model (Bräuer et al., 2007); wideangle refraction data and derived tomography models (Stankiewicz et al., 2007; 2008); archive seismic reflection lines in the Karoo Basin from the 1960's work of Soekor (now the Petroleum Agency of South Africa, (PASA), 1967a); teleseismic receiver function data (Harvey et al., 2001); high resolution magnetotelluric data and models (Weckmann et al., 2007a); regional aeromagnetic data (Council for Geoscience, (CGS), 2000); BMA models (e.g. Quesnel et al., 2009); existing geological data from surface mapping (CGS, 1979a; b; 1983; 1992) and borehole logs (PASA, 1966; 1967b). Finally, we evaluate how each dataset and model provide information on the crustal location, depth, extent and possible source(s) of the BMA, and then present a simple model for the tectonic evolution of this southern most sector of Africa – a prominent component in Gondwana and Rodinia supercontinent recon structions. Methodology In deriving a deep crustal model, we combined diverse geological and geophysical local, as well as regional datasets (Figure 2) to ensure consistent conservative interpretations. For example, the near vertical seismic reflection technique records changes in velocity between geological layers and not necessarily the actual stratigraphic contact between units. Therefore if the seismic data are viewed in isolation, apparent correlations with surface geology or aeromagnetic data could be argued as a matter of coincidence, but if all datasets are viewed collectively, the interpretation becomes more robust. Our analyses are rooted in the IyA-200501 seismic image and a line interpretation thereof, shown in Figures 3 and 4a, respectively. Data acquisition, processing and interpretation procedures of IyA-200501 are described elsewhere (Lindeque et al., 2006; 2007). To derive an integrated model for the upper-crust, we first considered surface geology. A geological cross section was constructed by hand exactly along the seismic profile IyA-200501, using information from the 1:250000 geological map sheets (CGS, 1979a, b; 1983; 1992, Figure 2 and the extract in Figure 4b). Surface structure and field observations of Stowe (1980; 1986), Albat (1984), Joubert (1971; 1986a, b), Macey (2000; 2001), and Macey et al. (2011) were incorporated. Particular attention was given to record the dip variation SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY DEEP CRUSTAL PROFILE, SOUTHERN KAROO BASIN AND BEATTIE MAGNETIC ANOMALY 266 The seismic reflection and -refraction data support an interpretation that a Pan-African suture zone at the BMA is absent and that instead, the NNMB continues below the CFB tectonic front, probably up to the continental margin and the Agulhas Fracture Zone. The seismic reflection data also supports a thin-skinned tectonic thrust model for the evolution of the CFB without significant fore-deep stratigraphic thickening of the Karoo Basin strata. A compatible tectonic model implies a Palaeozoic collision orogen setting, coupled to a south verging subduction zone much farther south of the CFB. Similarly, the geophysical data support a south dipping subduction zone during the amalgamation of the NNMB in the Mesoproterozoic. Current reconstructions of the Rodinia supercontinent link the NNMB and the Grenville Province of North America across the Grenville-Kibaran orogen. Our seismic section tests this reconstruction through a direct comparison with seismic profiles on the opposite flank of the orogen. Although the once adjacent continental blocks are now 1000s of kilometres apart, the seismic images show a good correlation and support the reconstruction. A. LINDEQUE, M.J . DE WIT, T. RYBERG, M. WEBER AND L. CHEVALLIER SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY 267 Figure 1. (a) Total field free-air aeromagnetic map of southern Africa (CGS, 2000) showing the regional West-East striking Beattie Magnetic Anomaly (outlined and red arrow marked BMA), and the western and eastern lines comprising the Agulhas-Karoo Geophysical Transect (AKGT, black lines). This research focuses on the centre ~100 km segment of the western transect (left black line and red block) and refer to findings from boreholes QU-1/65 and KC-1/70 farther afield (white circles). (b) Close-up of the area of interest. Red dots = IyA-200501 seismic reflection profile of Lindeque et al. (2007) 50 m shot spacing; thin black dashed lines = BMA maximum axes; shades of yellow to red = ~30 km wide BMA extent. Note how the BMA bifurcates towards the West near Merweville, see text for discussion. of fold limbs, location and orie


There are many reasons to be worried and become sceptical about the effects the system we are living in is having on humanity and the environment, yet we have accessible contemporary and modern studies on the capitalist system that can give us tools to redefine regulations and concepts with a focus on bettering those crude realities. Concepts like Schumpeter's 'creative destruction', a redefinition of 'value' from Mariana Mazzucato studies or the insights inside the nature of technological revolutions from Carlota Perez research can open the doors to new ways of looking at our current situation.


Surface probing and characterization play an essential role in the progress of surface science and technology (1) . For this purpose, a large number of experimental methods have been developed, but they are often limited in their applicabilities. New surface probes are always in great demand. Among the existing techniques (1) , many involve emission, adsorption, or scattering of massive particles; only a few rely on optical probing. The optical methods have, in general, the advantages of being nondestructive, capable of in-situ remote sensing with high spatial and tc mporal resolution, and applicable to any interface accessible by light. The difficulty of these methods oft en lies in the lack of surface specificity and sensitivity. Linear optical absorption and reflection, for example, can be employed for sur face studies only if the dominant bulk contribution to the signal can be discriminated against (2) . The same is true with light scattering. Recent advances in lasers and optical detection systems have led to the invention of several novel surface tools. Laser-induced desorption (3) , photo acoust ic spectroscopy (4) , and photothermal deflection spectroscopy (5) have been developed for spectroscopic studies of adsorbates and sur face states. Resonance fluorescence (6) and multiphoton ionization (7) have been used to measure energy redistribution in molecules scattered or desorbed from a surface. V arious surface nonlinear optical effects have also been seriously considered for surface studies. Stimulated Raman gain


The patient, a 41-year-old woman, presented with a 3-year his-tory of low back pain, claudication of the right lower limb and plantar pustules. She was treated with NSAIDs and physical therapy without improvement. Technetium 99m-methyl diphosphonate bone scintigraphy revealed abnormal uptake in the T8 and L3–L5 vertebrae, sacral region and right hip and knee. Whole-body MRI showed bone marrow oedema of the first right sternocostal joint, T8–T9 and L2–L5 vertebrae and the right femoral neck (Fig. 1). Skin biopsy of the plantar lesions was consistent with palmoplantar pustulosis. She was diag-nosed with synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome. Baricitinib 2mg daily was prescribed. She reported significant improvement of her back pain and claudication. A repeat MRI after 1year showed a complete resolution of the bone marrow oedema in the right femoral neck. Hip involvement is rare ( (cid:2) 3%) in SAPHO


Consider a Markov chain X assumed to be positive recurrent with limiting probability distribution used to construct a U-statistics. Whereas the asymptotic properties of U -statistics based on independent and identically distributed data are well understood since the sixties the study of this speci…c class of statistics for dependent data has recently received special attention in the statistical literature.The purpose of this paper is to develop an alternative to the coupling methodology, speci…cally tailored for regenerative processes or stochastic processes for which a regenerative extension may be built, namely pseudo-regenerative processes. Indeed, sample paths of a Harris chain may be classically divided into i.i.d. regeneration blocks, namely data segments between random times at which the chain forgets its past. We develop further this view, in order to accurately investigate the asymptotic properties of U -statistics of positive Harris chains. A Strong Law of Large Numbers, Central Limit Theorem and Berry-Esseen bounds are established for markovian U -statistics under weak hypotheses. Following [4], we also propose to bootstrap certain markovian U statistics, using a speci…c resampling procedure, producing bootstrap data series with a renewal structure mimicking that of the original chain. 1 in ria -0 03 86 72 4, v er si on 1 22 M ay 2 00 9 Manuscrit auteur, publie dans "41emes Journees de Statistique, SFdS, Bordeaux (2009)"


Extracted from text ... 1 The Dynamics of Youth Justice & the Convention on the Rights of the Child in South Africa Volume 5 - Number 2 - July 2003 Update on Port Nolloth One Stop Child Justice Centre PREPARATION FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CENTRE The first step in the successful establishment and functioning of the Centre was the involvement of all relevant role-players. This was achieved through individual information sessions conducted by officials from the Provincial Department of Social Services and Population Development, as well as community meetings involving local businesses, non-governmental organisations and civil society organisations. Article 4 of the CRC states ..


The Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 (ASFA) is expected to have a profound impact on children and families the child welfare system serves. This article provides information about Indiana's experience in implementing ASFA, including policy decisions made by the legislative and executive branches of government and the involvement of the judiciary. A multidisciplinary task force addressed training and program needs for positive implementation. Initial outcomes for Indiana children and remaining challenges are discussed.


Image denoising is a well-studied yet still hot research topic in the image processing community. Recently, image denoising with deep neural networks has achieved superior performance, however they can not recover tiny details from noisy images. Motivated by this problem, we propose a Texture-Aware Neural Network named TANet, which is composed of main network part with attention mechanism, residual structure and Texture-Aware Modular. Proposed Texture-Aware Modular owns dual paths, denoised image from main denoising network and clean image are input different path respectively. From Texture-Aware Modular, we get two sets intermediate codes and calculate corresponding perceptual loss. This perceptual loss is designed to generate auxiliary super-vision for tiny detail recovery from mixed residual details and noise set. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed TANet is on a par with the state-of-the-art denoising methods.