Abstract Purpose Self-management for patients with bronchiectasis has been identified as an important component that could potentially empower patients to manage their condition and improve their quality of life. Evidence was reviewed to investigate what self-management programmes work, why and in what circumstances. Methods A systematic review and realist synthesis were conducted. A comprehensive database search was performed on seven databases for evidence published up to July 2021. Leading candidate self-management programmes identified from the systematic review became the focus of the realist synthesis. A realist logic of analysis was applied to produce explanatory context-mechanism-outcome configurations. These explanations were consolidated into programme theories drawing on health behaviour change theory. Results By synthesising the data from eight eligible articles, programme theories articulated how three different self-management programmes work that included: (i) education and action planning, (ii) education and airway clearance techniques (ACT) and, (iii) education, exercise and ACT. Patient characteristics and collaborative partnership between healthcare professionals and patients were identified as important contexts that influenced the improvement in self-efficacy, health-related quality of life, and exercise capacity. Conclusions This review contributes to a better understanding of how the complex interaction between contexts and mechanisms can improve outcomes of clinical interest. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION This evidence synthesis has identified potentially important combinations of interventions to be considered in self-management programmes for adults with bronchiectasis. Collaborative partnership between patient and healthcare professionals should be considered to improve short-term self-efficacy. Targeting self-management programmes to increase short-term health-related quality of life and exercise capacity should consider the context of patient characteristics.


Title of dissertation: DIFFERENCES IN ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT BETWEEN TRADITIONAL NEIGHBORHOOD AND MAGNET PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS IN A MIDATLANTIC STATE Rebecca Benson, Doctor of Education, May 2019 Chair of dissertation: Warren Hayman, EdD, Department of Advanced Studies, Leadership & Policy The purpose of this quantitative research study was to examine the differences in academic achievement between traditional neighborhood and magnet public high schools in a mid-Atlantic state. Using Robert Marzano's factors that influence academic achievement as the theoretical framework, the independent variable is the type of high school, and the dependent variable is student performance on the HSA Biology, Algebra I, English 10 and Government tests, as well as, the PARCC English 10 and Algebra I tests. The sample of schools consisted of approximately 31 traditional neighborhood high schools and 40 magnet high schools throughout a mid-Atlantic state. Data were obtained from http://reportcard.msde.maryland.gov/, to retrieve information about the location, number of students, High School Assessment (HSA) and Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers (PARCC) scores on Biology, Algebra I, Government, and English 10 tests, as well as, percentages of the demographics of the school population; to include special populations, free and reduced meals (FARMS), migrant, minority, limited English proficient (LEP), special education, and the attendance rate of each school. DIFFERENCES IN ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT BETWEEN TRADITIONAL NEIGHBORHOOD AND MAGNET PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS IN A MID-ATLANTIC STATE by Rebecca Benson A Proposal Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Education MORGAN STATE UNIVERSITY


The outlooks on substances fall into two modalities: scientific and philosophical. Modern outlooks on substances respectively belong to two schools, namely, atomism and etherism. Modern outlooks on substances present their arguments from the standpoints of material unity of the world, substances and movements, as well as substances along with time and space. Contemporary scientific outlook on substances has been profoundly transformed in the aspects of separability, substances along with time and space, self-structure of substances and material nature of vacuum. Contemporary philosophical outlooks on substances fall into practicism, organic theory and doctrine of entirety. Modern outlooks on substances manifest marked characteristics of presupposition doctrine, while in contemporary theories, certain attributes of relativism are in evidence.


Summary form only given. The Electronic Visualization Laboratory (EVL) at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) has partnered with dozens of computational scientists and engineers to create visualization and virtual reality (VR) devices and applications for collaborative exploration of scientific and engineering data. Since 1995, our research and development activities have incorporated emerging high bandwidth networks like the vBNS and the Internet2 in an effort now called tele-immersion. As a result of our six years' experience in building first and second-generation VR devices to support these applications, we consider third-generation VR devices that will provide desktop/office-sized displays. Since no current technology is yet configurable with ideal resolution and size, we first simulate these devices with available parts, and then build more advanced prototypes. We believe that the devices we propose to build using the new display technologies form a set of desirable human/computer interface requirements for successful tele-immersion adoption. A goal of this research is to develop clearly compelling prototypes so that these devices can be improved and reproduced by the private sector.


1. Foundations for a New Perspective 2. A Benefits Framework for Planning Projects - Exploring Opportunities 3. Establishing the Vision - Developing the Benefits Realization Plan 4. Building Momentum - Delivering the Benefits 5. Assessing the Benefits - Evaluation 6. Making the Most of Investments in IT 7. Digging Deeper into the Issues of Design and Change 8. Strategy - Creating Value and Building Competitive Advantage 9. Managing the IT Portfolio 10. Taking an Architecture Perspective 11. Digital Business 12. Implications for the CIO And IT Function 13. Enabling Business Innovation 14. Building the IT Capability of the Organization


inter-phase fluorescence in situ hybridization with dual labelled BCR and ABL1 probes detected hybridization signals in 66% of nuclei inspected, consistent with the presence of a t(9; 22). A standard RT-PCR methodology [9] detected the sole presence of e1a3 BCR-ABL1 transcripts. The patient commenced induction therapy according to the UK ALL XII protocol [10] but had 60% residual leukaemic blasts after induction with 54% of inter-phase nuclei examined, containing a BCR-ABL1 hybridization signal. The patient then received FLAG-Ida (fludarabine, cytarabine, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, idarubucin) and achieved a morphological and cytogenetic remission with e1a3 BCR-ABL1 transcripts still detectable by RT-PCR. She then proceeded to consolidation with three courses of high-dose methotrexate, subsequently receiving continuous imatinib maintenance of 400 mg escalated to 600 mg. The patient relapsed 18 months after presentation with a karyotype of 44,XX, –3,–7,t(9; 22)(q34;q11),add(15)(q22–24) in 6 evaluable metaphases. She received re-induction with vincristine and prednisolone and subsequent imatinib maintenance (600 mg). Her clinical course over the next few months was complicated by Mycobacterium chelonae infection of the skin. The patient had a central nervous system relapse at 27 months after presentation and died soon after. MinApproximately 25–30% of adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia have evidence of the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph+ ALL). Identification of BCRABL1 transcripts is vital as these patients have a relatively adverse prognosis necessitating intensive therapies including allogeneic transplantation in eligible patients. More recently, it has been demonstrated that incorporation of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor into treatment regimens significantly improves prognosis [1] . Approximately 70% of Ph+ ALL patients express e1a2 BCR-ABL1 transcripts and 25% express either e13a2 or e14a2 BCR-ABL1 transcripts, with a number of other less common, variant transcripts reported that usually involve fusion of alternate exons [2] . The e1a3 BCR-ABL1 variant fusion transcript, lacking ABL1 exon a2 that partially encodes the src homology 3 (SH3) domain, has been described in three cases of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), all with a relatively indolent clinical course [3, 4] . In Ph+ ALL, this BCR-ABL1 genotype has only been reported previously in 8 adult patients [2, 5–7] and 1 paediatric case [8] , making any relationships between phenotype and outcome difficult to ascertain. We describe the clinical course of a further case of Ph+ ALL with an e1a3 BCR-ABL1 fusion. A 62-year-old female presented with pre-B ALL by immunophenotype. Although G-banded karyotype failed, Received: June 28, 2011 Accepted after revision: July 20, 2011 Published online: September 16, 2011


We consider the applicability of ID-based cryptography to providing security within a personal area network (PAN). An initialisation process appropriate for use within a PAN is proposed, and a detailed comparison between the ID-based approach and a more conventional PKI (public key infrastructure) approach is given.


Abstract Based on aircraft measurements of the radiant emittance of cirrus clouds and cloudless sky, the 8-13μ infrared transmissivity of high cirrus clouds was calculated. The measurements and applied calculations were made for cirrus clouds up to 5 km thick at altitudes ranging from 25,000-42,000 ft. Results of the calculations of transmissivity ranged from 95% for high, thin cirrus to 53% for 5 km thick cirrus. The transmissivity results were applied to radiative transfer calculations in an attempt to reduce discrepancies between in situ measurements and calculations. The application of the measured transmissivities in the calculations did, in fact, reduce the discrepancies. This should provide one interim modification in the treatment of the radiative transfer equation in the presence of cirrus while awaiting a complete solution tocomplex cirrus transmissivity and scattering.


The equipment of the Ural Center for Shared Use "Modern nanotechnology" UrFU was used. The research was made possible in part by Government of the Russian Federation (Act 211, Agreement 02.A03.21.0006) and by President of Russian Federation grant for young scientists (Contract 14.Y30.16.8441-MK).


Taking an oxygen-rich side-blown lead melting furnace made by a company as the research object, the three-dimensional design software Solidworks was used to construct a model at an equal scale, and established a physical model which is in line with the actual system. Based on the determination of the physical properties of the slag phase and metal phase in the furnace, the VOF multiphase flow model and standard turbulence model in FLUENT were used to simulate the gas–liquid multiphase flow. By adjusting the different inclination angles of the spray gun, we analyzed the distribution changes of key indicators, such as the flow field, average turbulent kinetic energy and gas content in the furnace. At the same time, it was found that the turbulent kinetic energy in the middle of the furnace was large, which could strengthen the winding effect of the material and the best arrangement. The gas content of the upper part of the oxygen gun was high, and the gas content in the middle of the furnace was higher than that in the wall area on both sides and showed a gradual downward trend. If the inclination angle of the spray gun is too small, the agitation of the lower melting area is not strong enough, On the contrary, if the inclination angle is too large, the local flow rate of the sedimentation area increases and the gas content is low. The optimal tilt angle of the spray gun is between 10° and 15°.


In this paper a log-MAP turbo decoding algorithm which incorporates reliability threshold based trellis branch elimination together with mean based early iteration termination has been proposed. The proposed algorithm reduces computational complexity by eliminating branches in trellis. Since the minimum Log Likelihood Ratio (LLR) obtained for each iteration varies with channel conditions, an early iteration termination based on the mean of extrinsic information has been combined with branch elimination. Here, complexity mitigation is done both in terms of branch elimination and iteration reduction with negligible performance degradation. By reducing the computational complexity, decoding delay, power consumptions and error accumulation imparted by additional iterations etc can be minimized.


1 Co-Investigator of Horticulture, Atwood Research Facility, Kentucky State University, Frankfort, KY 40601-2355 2 Principal Investigator of Horticulture and Curator, USDA National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Asimina species, Atwood Research Facility, Kentucky State University, Frankfort, KY 40601-2355. To whom reprint requests should be addressed. Abstract Pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] is a tree fruit native to the Eastern United States with increasing popularity as a high-value niche crop. Two undesirable characteristics of pawpaw are great variation in fruit size and short shelf-life, caused in part by a small tear in the skin created when fruit are harvested from the cluster, allowing pathogens to enter the fruit. Within-cluster thinning of pawpaw to one fruit could increase fruit size and improve shelf-life by allowing the peduncle to be cut at harvest, maintaining an intact epidermis. The objectives of this study were to determine if hand thinning of multi-fruit clusters to one fruit could be accomplished without causing abortion of the remaining fruit and to determine if within-cluster thinning would increase average fruit size. In a preliminary experiment with seedling trees in 2004, hand thinning of clusters to a single fruit did not lead to cluster abortion or greater drop rates than unthinned clusters. Mature trees of four pawpaw cultivars were utilized in a fruit thinning study in 2006 and 2008. Trees were hand thinned in early-June, and fruit were harvested from mid-August through late-September. Fruit from hand-thinned trees weighed significantly more than those from control trees (47% and 23% greater weight in 2006 and 2008, respectively). Crop density, yield efficiency, and fruit number per tree tended to be or were significantly higher for unthinned trees. Number of clusters per tree, trunk cross-sectional area, yield, and the percent cluster drop and fruit drop, were not significantly different for thinned and unthinned trees. In pawpaw, as in other tree fruits, fruit thinning increases fruit size by reducing competition among and within clusters.


Maximal slicing of a spacetime with a single Kerr black hole is analyzed. It is shown that for all spin parameters, a limiting hypersurface forms between the black hole horizon and the physical singularity. An analytic value for the limiting hypersurface, in terms of the Boyer-Lindqiuist coordinate r, is derived. Using these results, quasi-isotropic Kerr coordinates are used to show that a single singularity forms, located at the computational coordinate r̄ = 0, which corresponds to the limiting hypersurface. It is shown that in these coordinates, evolution of the initial data under maximal slicing remains stationary.


Based on maturation in vitro of bovine oocytes, our research mainly focused on the effect of oocyte maturation in vitro on parthenogenetic embryos development competence in bovine. The results showed that The development rate to the blastocyst stage of oocytes activated after maturation for 22~24 h in medium prepared with Milli-Q water (29.7%) was significantly higher than with three-distilled water (14.1%, P0.05). The addition of 10% or 20% BFF (bovine follicle fluid) in maturation medium obtained higher blastocyst rate (32.3% or 30.9%) than that in 5% or control treatment (21.8% or {22.7%}, P0.05). In addition, the addition of 20% BFF in maturation medium inhibited the hatching of blastocyst. It suggested that oocytes matured for 28 h or 30 h before pathenogenetic activation resulted in higher blastocyte rate (30.5% or 29.4%) than those matured for 24 h or 26 h (20.5% or 22.1%, P{0.05}).;


Abstract:This article argues that antisemitism and an understanding of history as race struggle were central to Hitler's ideological outlook and had crystalized into a relatively stable Weltanschauung by the late 1920s. However, the transformation of Hitler's ideas into regime policies was not a simple process, and the Final Solution—while consistent with Hitler's ideology—was not a pre-ordained outcome. The Final Solution emerged out of a complex and incremental decision-making process shaped by the failure of earlier policies of expulsion and decimation, the changing military context, and a polycratic political system centered on "working toward the Führer."


The illumination from a finite linear light source is calculated, first for a perfectly diffusing source, then for a source which approximates closely the light distribution from a real fluorescent lamp. After treating the most general case, convenient expressions for some special conditions are obtained by means of series-expansions. The relation between total flux and normal intensity, the effect of reflectors and the results of experimental checks are discussed subsequently. Derivations and a discussion of corrections for end effects, experimental procedure, etc., are given in six appendices.


Within a framework of trust markets, this study compares expenses, instructional expenses, andrevenues per FTE of not-for-profit and for-profit postsecondary institutions using IPEDS data. Medianexpenses per FTE at not-for-profit institutions were double those at the for-profit institutions. Medianrevenue beyond instructional expenses increased at the 4-year-and-above level institutions whiledecreasing at other levels. Percent of revenue allocated to instructional expenses, other expenses, andexcess revenue is presented. Surprisingly, 4-year-and-above, not-for-profit institutions generate moreexcess revenue per FTE than 4-year-and-above for-profit institutions. Implications of the nondistributionconstraint for trust markets and the policy implications of these findings are discussed.


This paper focuses on RESYSproDESAL systems analysis environment (SAE) for the prediction of technical, economic and ecological performance of water and power point systems including desalination (e.g. membrane and thermal processes), renewable energy sources for power (e.g. wind energy and photovoltaics) and conventional power supply (e.g. Diesel GenSet).This tool was developed within EU FP6 projects in cooperation between EU-MENA countries. The SAE is applied to a small scale container system for 10 m³/day seawater reverse osmosis desalination powered from Diesel and photovoltaics. Starting from a reference design case three alternative configurations and size are developed and analysed for comparison. The results show a considerable potential for economic improvement of the plant concept, bringing the project closer to affordability for the target population: Optimized Diesel and battery sizes reduce levelised water cost by about 15 %. Up-sizing the whole system from 10 to 50 m³/d and power recovery reduce specific power consumption by about 45 % and integration of water production with village power supply may meet user needs better and increase reliability of back-up.


Atom transfer radical polymerization of allyl methacrylate followed by a thiol-ene click reaction with 1-thio-β-D-glucose tetraacetate is performed to afford a new type of glycopolymers via deacetylation. Their interactions with a sugar-binding protein are evaluated by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) procedures as well as fluorescence measurements. The deposition amount of concanavalin A (conA) in the presence of glucose or galactose measured by EPD is remarkably different from that in the presence of the synthesized glycopolymer, even though the concentration of sugar residue is the same. The deposition amount, as well as the electric current that flows during the EPD, is higher in the presence of the polymer, which confirms that interaction of conA with the glycopolymer is detected by the EPD procedure.


A. B. Functional biogeography is a new discipline allowing to link biogeographical patterns of trait and species diversity. This new area of research has a role in conservation policy because it permits to create functional maps to highlight hotspots of biodiversity. In this study, we evaluated the taxonomic and functional diversity of the reef-fishes in 30 "archipelagoes" widespread along the Gulf of California (GOC). The question before us is to highlight areas requiring a particular intention in conservation policy because they represent a large part of the legacy of reef-fish diversity in the GOC.


Based on prior research, the presence of more residents diagnosed with mental illness in a neighborhood may indicate the presence of more offenders or more targets. We suggest that it may also indicate reduced guardianship and lower informal social control. Using data from blocks in 108 cities in Southern California, we examined the association between two types of mental disorders (affective disorders and substance use disorders) and crime rates. Even after controlling for more traditional predictors of neighborhood crime, we found a strong positive relationship between certain mental disorders and aggravated assault and motor vehicle theft rates. We also tested nonlinear interactions with economic disadvantage and found that a higher proportion of mentally ill residents in a zip code was associated with higher block-level crime rates in zip codes with lower levels of concentrated economic disadvantage. The findings suggest that mental illness is a unique ecological factor by which to understand neighborhood crime.


PuTongHua Proficiency Test(PSC)appears as a method of language test in recent years.On the basis of comparatively analyzing the old and new Outline of PuTongHua Proficiency Test and relating to these questions in PSC,the auther makes some new suggestion about the "Reading Aloud" Item.


Summary With isolated fat cells, trypsin, α-chymotrypsin, and B. subtilis alkaline protease stimulated glucose oxidation and inhibited lipolysis, as did insulin. Only insulin and α-chymotrypsin stimulated incorporation of 3H-leucine into protein. B. thermoproteolyticus thermolysin had no effect on glucose metabolism or lipolysis, but inhibited leucine incorporation. With isolated hemidiaphragms, insulin, trypsin, and α-chymotrypsin stimulated uptake of glucose, but only insulin promoted incorporation of 14C-methionine into protein. We conclude that the actions of proteases on isolated tissues are not genuinely "insulin-like," because they do not entail the full spectrum of effects of the hormone.


We study a dark SU(2) D gauge extension of the standard model (SM) with the possibility of a strong first order phase transition (FOPT) taking place below the electroweak scale in the light of NANOGrav 12.5 yr data. As pointed out recently by the NANOGrav collaboration, gravitational waves (GW) from such a FOPT with appropriate strength and nucleation temperature can explain their 12.5 yr data. We impose a classical conformal invariance on the scalar potential of SU(2) D sector involving only a complex scalar doublet with negligible couplings with the SM Higgs. While a FOPT at sub-GeV temperatures can give rise to stochastic GW around nano-Hz frequencies being in agreement with NANOGrav findings, the SU(2) D vector bosons which acquire masses as a result of the FOPT in dark sector, can also serve as dark matter (DM) in the universe. The relic abundance of such vector DM can be generated in a non-thermal manner from the SM bath via scalar portal mixing. We also discuss future sensitivity of gravitational wave experiments to the model parameter space.


We consider a class of two-player quadratic games under incomplete information to study the relation between exogenous coordination motives and strategic interactions in information acquisition. The players make decisions in two stages. They decide about information acquisition in the first stage and choose their actions in the second stage. Preferences are such that the optimal action of each player depends on the state of the world and on the action taken by the other player. We show that if the degree of coordination in actions is sufficiently high, then the strategic interaction in the information choice does not have the same coordination motives as the action choice. Consequently, heterogeneous beliefs can be sustained endogenously for our class of games if the degree of complementarity or substitutability is high enough. Our results contrast qualitatively with the case studied by Hellwig and Veldkamp (2009) where the set of players is a continuum


In this study, the tensile test played the most important role, which used a direct measurement of UTS of the weldment in order to understand the influences of beam current, accelerating voltage, welding speed and focal position. As shown in Figures 13 and 14, the UTS of AZ-series alloys clearly increases with Al content, beam current, and accelerating voltage, whereas it decreases with increasing welding speed. When the power is below 4000W, there is incomplete joint penetration, which results in occurrence of SC. But if the power is between 4000 and 5000 W, the strength of the samples remains constant over nearly the entire range studied. When the fixed accelerating voltage or beam current is individually changed to another value (30 or 40 kV, or 100 or 125 mA), a similar trend is obtained. However, whether the conditions are changed or not, the UTS of the NSC samples show no obvious difference and its curves were almost horizontal. For the reasons stated above, there was no other special phase transformation in the weld when a different amount of energy was input during EBW.


Phenotypic and genetic diversity in Arabidopsis thaliana may be associated with adaptation along its wide elevational range. We took a multi-regional view of elevational adaptation and in a diverse panel of ecotypes measured plant responses to high elevation stressors: low partial CO2 pressure, high light, and night freezing. We conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and found evidence of contrasting locally adaptive clines between regions. Western Mediterranean ecotypes showed low δ13C/early flowering at low elevations to high δ13C/late flowering at high elevations, while Asian ecotypes showed the opposite pattern. We mapped different candidate genes for each region, and trait-associated SNPs often showed elevational clines likely maintained by selection. Antioxidants and pigmentation showed regional differentiation but rarely elevational clines. GWAS for antioxidants identified an ascorbate transporter PHT4;4 (AT4G00370), which we show alters non-photochemical quenching kinetics under high light and may be involved in local adaptation to Moroccan mountains. The low-antioxidant PHT4;4 GWAS allele was associated with lower PHT4;4 expression and this haplotype was characterized by binding sites of a transcription factor family, DOF, involved in light response. Our results highlight how physiological and genomic elevational clines in different regions can be unique, underlining the complexity of local adaptation in widely distributed species.


The immunodeficiencies represent a diverse group of disorders affecting immune system qualitatively and/or quantitatively. While the congenital or primary immunodeficiencies have their roots in gene defects as a result of drugs, infections and environmental factors, the acquired or secondary immunodeficiencies precipitate due to immunosuppression associated with occurrence of other diseases like tumors, infection, environmental pollution, malnutrition etc. in previously healthy individuals. The diagnosis of these disorders involves assessment of functional status of various components of immune system such as T-cells, B-cells, macrophages, cytokines immunoglobulins, complements etc. The prognosis ranges from good through guarded to bad depending upon the type of the immunodeficiency. The treatment usually requires a long duration and envisages antibiotic immunoglobulin supplementation, stem cell transplantation, immunomodulators enzyme substitution and gene therapy. The immunodeticiencies being diverse and complex in nature, it seems imperative to pool resources world wide for candid understanding of the molecular basis of the disorders and instituting appropriate preventive and therapeutic measures.


This paper will describe the application features of the Avco Lycoming TF40B Marine Gas Turbine in the U.S. Navy Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC) built by Bell Aerospace, New Orleans, U.S.A.In addition to LCAC installation items such as mounting, control, instrumentation, inlet and exhaust, a description of the engine itself will be included delineating those items peculiar to the LCAC Application and those items reflecting improvements over the TF40 engines previously used.Copyright © 1983 by ASME


Structural deformations resulting from exogenous disturbances limit the control performance in high-precision positioning systems. The aim of this paper is to identify these limitations and mitigate these through multivariable inferential control. A systematic analysis and control design framework is established. Herein, additional sensors and actuators are exploited to achieve control performance beyond conventional limits. Successful performance enhancement using the presented methods is shown on an identified wafer stage model.


This paper examines the effect of pulsed positive point-to-plane corona discharge in millimeter air gaps on the surface of a metalized dielectric. A footprint method was applied to reveal the streamer–surface interaction with Al and Zn thin films (20–50 nm) as a sensitive indicator. A thin metal film-dielectric substrate system was destructed at relatively low typical average currents of 20–50  μA during exposure times of 2–200 s. Destruction occurred in local zones with a size of several μm2 per one discharge pulse, which is substantially lower than the conventional streamer size of several tens of micrometers. An offered model of electro-thermal heating of the cathode layer shows that the dielectric surface temperature can achieve 1000 K and more during the single current pulse of submicrosecond duration. The indicated mechanism is possibly responsible for the effects of the discharge plasma interaction with low heat conductivity cathodes, including biological objects. Intensive heating of the cathode layer should be considered when modeling the streamer–cathode interaction.


The bulk composition, structure and valence state of an alumina supported PdMoOx catalyst have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy dispersive
 X-ray (EDX) analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS) before
 and after sulfiding. Results are compared with data from a previous study of PtMoOx. Temperature programmed reduction (TPR) data indicate that both catalysts contain Pd and Pt in metallic form with high metal
 dispersion. Pd4S and Pd16S7 are formed upon sulfidation of PdMoOx opposite to PtS formation in PtMoOx. The sulfur uptake by alumina supported MoOx, PdMoOx and PtMoOx was determined by using H235S tracer and compared with XPS data on the sulfur content of the sulfided catalysts. EM data indicate, that MoS2 forms patches on the support surface. The mean sulfur to metal ratio in the catalysts, as calculated from sulfur uptakes,
 measured by radiotracer experiments, is equal with that measured by XPS for the topmost layers in
 the case of MoOx, substantially lower in the case of PdMoOx and somewhat lower in the case of PtMoOx. The
 extent of sulfur heteroexchange and the ratio of mobile sulfur is much higher in
 the case of molybdena
 alone than in the case of metal doped catalysts.


Based on analyzing the groundwater development potential, some suggestions on reasonable development and utilization of groundwater resources in Guanzhong Region were put forward, which including using the fissured water, karstic water and groundwater along river sides actively, solving the environmental geology problems caused by over use of groundwater, close down artesian well de- signedly.


The clinical picture of the symptomatic phase of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated systemic vasculitis (ANCA-SV) can vary widely and be accompanied by joint damage, which complicates the early diagnosis of the disease. The paper presents a case of ANCA-SV with acute kidney injury, the manifestations of the symptomatic phase of which were confined to joint damage, myalgia, and Raynaud's syndrome, which led to delayed diagnosis at the stage of renal failure requiring hemodialysis (HD). Urgent adequate induction therapy could preserve kidney function, despite 10-day anuria and 5-week HD. The paper discusses the need for a systematic detailed examination of patients with the onset of a joint inflammatory lesion, especially in those with its systemic manifestations, and the inclusion of serum ANCA tests in the standards of diagnosis in early arthritis.


Background/Aims: To determine the changes of pS2 expression in gastric mucosa and the effect of pS2 on ulcer healing in rats. Methods: Wistar rats were exposed to single or repeated water res- tricted stress(WRS) for 4 h every other day for 6 days, gastric mucosal blood flow(GMBF) was mea- sured by LDF-3 Flowmeter, the extent of gastric mucosal lesions was evaluated grossly and histologi- cally, expression of pS2 mRNA was determined by RT-PCR, and further demonstration for pS2 expres- sion was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: WRS singly applied produced numerous gastric mucosal erosions, but the number of these lesions gradually declined and GMBF restored at 2, 4, 8 h after stress. The area of gastric mucosal lesion was reduced to 64.9% and GMBF was increased to 89.8% at Sb, the healing of stress-induced ulcerations was accompanied by increased expressin of pS2(0.51±0.14 vs 0.77±0.11, P0.01), and the results were demonstrated further by immunohistochemistry(0.95±0.11 vs 1.41±0.04, P0.01) with repeated WRS. The adaptation to this WRS developed, the area of gastric mucosal lesions was reduced by 21.99% after four consecutive WRS, this adaptation to WRS was accompanied by increased GMBF(increased by 94.2%) and active cell proliferation in the neck re- gion of gastric glands and by increased expression of pS2(0.37±0.02 vs 0.77±0.01, P0.01). The results were demonstrated further by immunohistochemistry(0.55±0.04 vs 2.46±0.08, P0.01). Conclusions: pS2 participates in the early phase of epithelial restitution and also plays an important role in the sub- sequent, protracted phase of glandular renewal.


The study area was selected based on its variability in current pattern with the change of season, topography and anthropogenic activity. Sangumal situated in Rameswaram island is located in Palk Bay (9°17' N lat; 79°19' E long). As it is near the temple of Rameswaram, it attracts
a lot of tourists round the year. There is a sewage outlet adjacent to this site which brings in effluent from the habitation in the island. The seagrass beds located here are exposed during the lowest low tide in the southwest monsoon season up to a distance of 1-2 km from the shore,
while during northeast monsoon season the current is in the reverse direction towards the coast from Bay of Bengal, hence there will be no exposure of seagrass beds even during low tide.


The purpose of this research was to determine the constructivism learning model in order to increase interest in science learning and achievement of class VIII C of SMP Negeri 12 Yogyakarta in the Academic Year 2012/2013. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (CAR) or Clasroom Action Research (CAR) conducted collaboratively. Subjects in this study were students of class VIII C, amounting to 34 students. Objects in this research is of interest, science learning achievement and learning constructivism. The data collecting technique is conducted by observation, interview, questionnaires engineering , documentation and test . Techniques of data analysis conducted qualitative descriptions. Achievement test data analysis is done by calculating the average and the percentage of successful products. The results showed that after the implementation of this constructivism learning  students' interest in learning has increased. Seen before action students just passively listening to the teacher explain the matter but after being given the actions they have started actively to ask, and discuss with friends. Percentage of student interest obtained from the questionnaire on pre-action that is 63.81%, while the percentage obtained in the first cycle of 71.55%, and the second cycle is obtained percentage of 78.34%. The students also experienced an increase of value  average 56.65 initial capability, increased in the first cycle to 68.7, and the second cycle increased to 75.92. It can be said that the interest in constructivism learning model and student achievement VIII Class C SMP Negeri 12 Yogyakarta can be improved.


Heeding the call for a deeper understanding of the key differences in corporate approaches to sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) and their impact on performance, we collect and analyse data on a sample of 91 Italian firms in the consumer product industry engaged in upstream and downstream sustainability initiatives. Results show that companies differ in the extent to which sustainability is shared along the chain. Yet, the more companies collaborate through a strong sustainability orientation, the higher the impact on supply-chain related performance, with companies adopting a proactive attitude to SSCM being able to benefit the most from it.


A linear generator is being developed for on-board power source in the superconducting Maglev. This system generates not only power by using harmonic magnetic field of ground coils but also magnetic damping by controlling zero-phase current of generator coils. We have studied the characteristics of this system mainly applying to vertical damper. This paper proposes the sensor-less combined vertical and lateral damper and reveals its characteristics by numerical examples.


Catheter associated urinary tract infection is one of the most common cause of hospital acquired infections. The indwelling catheterization has become a potential cause for morbidity among patients admitted in the hospital and has gained a prime importance in patient outcome. Bacteriuria develops in around 10 to 15% of hospitalized patients with indwelling urethral catheter. Among the community acquired pathogens E. coli is responsible for approximately 80 to 90% of cases followed by other gram negative bacilli and gram positive cocci. CAUTI in patients with indwelling urinary catheters is International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 5 Number 9 (2016) pp. 640-644 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


This study investigates the effect of uncertain stumpage prices on the optimal forest rotation decision and related profitability under various silvicultural scenarios. The study applies loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) growth and yield models with distinct silvicultural scenarios in the Piedmont and Upper Coastal Plain region of the southeastern United States. It then applies chance-constrained dynamic optimization to derive optimal rotation age and related profitability on per acre basis. The growth and yield models show that using a combination of herbicide and fertilizer silvicultural treatment leads to a higher timber yield and profit at a lower optimal rotation age than other treatment scenarios. Furthermore, the stochastic optimization model shows that low risk tolerance results in low returns. Within a particular risk tolerance level, silvicultural treatment options with higher standard deviations almost always produce higher returns. The findings of this article contribute to the literature on optimizing forest management when considering uncertain stumpage prices over time, given different risk tolerance levels.
 Study Implications: This study applies a stochastic dynamic mathematical programming method to evaluate the impact of uncertain stumpage prices on the optimal forest rotation decision and related profitability under different silvicultural and risk preference scenarios. The implication of this model demonstrates a tradeoff between maximizing average returns and minimizing the uncertainty of returns. The results suggest a risk-averse landowner would likely wait longer to realize greater sawtimber yield to assure a positive profit as sawtimber is the most valuable timber relative to the other two products considered, chip-N-saw and pulpwood.


Studies on the antimicrobial activities of some spices on beef sold in Gwagwalada market, F.C.T, Abuja were carried out. The spices were chopped to sizes and were mixed with the beef sample. The bacterial load count of the beef sample before treatment is 1.9 x 10 7 and after treatment were 1.0x10 3 , 1.5 x10 3 and 1.6x10 3 for garlic, thyme and bayleaf respectively. The fungal spore count of beef sample before treatment is 1.0x10 2 and x0.510 2, 0.1x 10 2 , 0.6x10 2 for the thyme, bayleaf and garlic respectively. The fungal spore count for the beef and sample after treatment with the spices combined is 0.1x10 1


The synthesis and the structure of two new gallium phosphates [NH3(CH2)3NH3]Ga3(PO4)3(OH)2·H2O (GaP1) space group Pcab, a = 10.043(3), b = 15.989(4), c = 18.308(6) A and [NH2(CH2)3NH2]Ga3(PO4)3(H2O) (GaP2) space group Pbc21, a = 8.903(3), b = 9.697(3), c = 16.326(7) A are presented. The syntheses were realised under hydrothermal conditions at 200 °C in the system Ga2O3–H3PO4–1,3-diaminopropane–H2O. These two compounds crystallise with a 3D-framework, with localised channels. In the GaP2 structure, 1,3-diaminopropane (1,3-DAP) is, unusually, coordinated to a gallium atom.


OBJECTIVE To discuss the effect of the central sterilization and supply center in controlling the infection in hospital.METHODS Eliminated the old supply pattern,to implement centralized management for the supply office.The whole sterilization and supply center was rebuilded according to the standard,cleared the function,standardized the procedure and strengthened the management.RESULTS The centralized sterilization and supply center could form effective and standard circulatory system for cleaneiness,sterilization and antiseptic,and ensure the quality of disinfectants.CONCLUSIONS The centralized sterilization and supply center is better to the management and control of quality, it can reduce the pollution,simplify operational procedures,reduce hospital infection,and realize the zero flaw of aseptic goods.


NASA is rescheduling the launch of its Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) spacecraft for no earlier than Wednesday, Dec. 14, from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida, during a one-hour window that opens at 8:20 a.m. EST.


The invention provides a green tea powder capsule and a preparation method thereof, and in particular, tea leaves after steaming are subjected to vacuum freeze drying and then are loaded into a capsule. The preparation method comprises the steps: pre-freezing the tea leaves after steaming in a liquid nitrogen quick-freezing device, then loading the pre-frozen tea leaves into a vacuum freeze drying box, heating up to 30+/-5 DEG C at the step temperature of 0.5 DEG C per minute, drying, then crushing the freeze-dried tea leaves at low temperature into a powder, loading the powder into the capsule prepared from plant starch, and thus obtaining the green tea powder capsule.


Crossflow-vortex-induced laminar breakdown in a three-dimensional flat-plate boundary-layer flow is investigated in detail by means of spatial direct numerical simulations. The base flow is generic for an infinite swept wing, with decreasing favourable chordwise pressure gradient. First, the downstream growth and nonlinear saturation states initiated by a crossflow-vortex-mode packet as well as by single crossflow-vortex modes with various spanwise wavenumbers are simulated. Second, the secondary instability of the flow induced by the saturated crossflow vortices is scrutinized, clearly indicating the convective nature of the secondary instability and strengthening knowledge of the conditions for its onset. Emphasis is on the effect of crossflow-vortex-mode packets and of the spanwise vortex spacing on the secondary stability properties of the saturation states. Saturated uniform crossflow vortices initiated by single crossflow-vortex modes turn out to be less unstable than vortices initiated by a packet of vortex modes, and closely spaced saturated vortices are even stable. Third, we investigate the transition control strategy of upstream flow deformation by appropriate steady nonlinear vortex modes as applied in wind tunnel experiments at the Arizona State University. A significant transition delay is shown in the base flow considered here, and the underlying mechanisms are specified.


Thresholds for the afterdischarge response were determined in areas of the brain known to be implicated in clinical epilepsy. Highly susceptible centers were found in the cortex and the hippocampus, and isoliminal regions were mapped in each area. Gradients of threshold voltage were observed in the regions around all of the susceptible centers. The susceptible centers of the cortex were found to lie at the limit of gray and white matter in the walls of the sulci. A relationship was found to exist between the susceptibility of centers responding and the presence of large nucleated cells. Histological verification of electrode placement ruled out the existence of variability in threshold for the afterdischarge response, within as well as between species.


A simple systematic method, based on a theorem stated and proven here, is presented of obtaining a formula of the form z = f(x, y) from an experimental curve (Fig. 1) in which y is kept constant and a second experimental curve (Fig. 2) in which x is kept constant. Questions of the sufficiency of the original data are automatically answered by this method. Several examples are given to illustrate the procedure explicitly.


Nisin,a polycyclic antibacterial peptide,can be used as a food preservative.The paper conducts a comparative study between distilled water and Nisin solutions of different concentrations(20,40,60,80,100 mg/g) on their preservation effects on lettuce in terms of sensory evaluation,dehydration rate,breath intensity,chlorophyll content and the chromaticity.The findings show that lettuce is best preserved with the 40mg/g Nisin solution.


The mechanisms underlying the establishment, assembly and maintenance of the renal blood vessels are poorly understood. We have previously shown that renal stromal cells, characterized by their early and transient expression of the transcription factor Forkhead box D1 (FOXD1), are precursors for several cell populations of the renal vasculature, including arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs), renin cells, pericytes, and mesangial cells. To better understand the role and fate of FOXD1
 +
 stromal cells, we isolated FOXD1
 +
 cells and their descendents. Mice with cre recombinase knocked into the FOXD1 locus (FOXD1-cre) were crossed with mice carrying the mT/mG reporter, which exchanges RFP expression for GFP upon cre-mediated recombination. GFP-positive FOXD1-lineage cells were isolated from the kidney using FACS. These cells comprised on average 19% (n=8) of adult kidney cells. As expected, these cells expressed markers of SMCs (α-smooth muscle actin) and renin cells (renin), as shown by RT-PCR. Interestingly, the cells did not express markers of endothelial cells, including Tie2 and β-globin. Prior data from our lab also demonstrated that the transcription factor "Recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region" (RBP-J), the final transcriptional mediator of Notch signaling, is expressed in FOXD1-lineage cells and plays a key role in their differentiation, as deletion of RBP-J using FOXD1-cre led to severe reductions of the endowment of FOXD1
 +
 descendants, with subsequent renal abnormalities including glomerular aneurysms, and vessel fibrosis. To better understand this phenotype, we wished to identify the Notch-pathway receptors and ligands expressed in FOXD1-lineage cells. RT-PCR analysis showed the expression of Notch 3 and Jagged 2 in both adult and newborn (postnatal day 1) animals, and Notch 2 and Jagged 1 exclusively at the newborn stage. Deletion of Notch 1 or 2 within FOXD1 cells failed to reproduce the phenotype of RBP-J deletion. However, mutant animals exhibited glomerulosclerosis and regions of fibrosis. In addition, a small number of arteries appear to enter the renal parenchyma from the subcapsular region, an inversion of the normal pattern, indicating a possible role for the Notch receptor in renal vessel guidance.


This is a report of theoretical and experimental researches on the settlement and bearing capacity of the friction pile driven into a soft clay. In this paper, the authors indicate that the behaviour of friction pile can be solved with the theory deduced from the Theological stand-point, from which a new formula concerning the settlement of friction pile is derived. This formula well agrees with the results of laboratory and full-scale tests. Furthermore, a new measuring method of allowable bearing capacity of the friction pile is proposed and the increase in bearing capacity with time is investigated.


Recently scholars have demonstrated the depth and longevity of American social engineering projects begun at the turn of the twentieth century. The three books under review here add to this expanding literature in their investigations of eugenics and euthanasia. Christine CogdelPs Eugenic Design, Daylanne K. English's Unnatural Selections, and Ian Dowbiggin's A Merciful End provoke readers to examine Americans' faith in science and technology, as well as social and evolutionary progress, and to evaluate the extent to which our culture has applied notions of reproductive fitness to racial politics, public policies, medical practices, consumption patterns, and popular culture over the course of the twentieth century. Cogdell and English's texts compliment each other well.


In this article, we discuss the hypothesis that, in the absence of a period of standby that adolescence represents, the lawbreaker adolescent seems to shorten the transition from childhood to adulthood in a kind of short circuit that suppresses the passage of the preparation characteristic of adolescence. As a symptomatic response, they alienate themselves to the knowledge of the Other of the traffic and identify themselves with the figures of the crime as a response to the difficulties that the puberty presents, as a new meeting with the structural hole of sexual trauma. For this analysis, we place the conceptual difference between puberty and adolescence and between violence, aggression and aggressive act in psychoanalysis, with the changes in the composition of the social bond in the contemporary world as background.


This paper explores the questions of how economic theory can be used to design and interpret experiments and how experimental results can be used to construct and interpret economic theories. The relationship between economic theory and experiments is modeled and illustrated with examples from both theoretical and experimental work. The emphasis is on combing theory and experiment to the benefit of both.


ICL670 (deferasirox) is an investigational once-daily oral iron chelator that has demonstrated the ability to induce sustained, clinically relevant reductions in liver iron content (LIC) in heavily transfused patients with β-thalassemia and iron overload. The efficacy and safety of ICL670 is being assessed in a multicenter, randomized, open-label Phase III study in comparison with deferoxamine (DFO) in patients aged ≥2 years with β-thalassemia and transfusional hemosiderosis. Between March and November 2003, 587 patients began treatment (296 on ICL670; 291 on DFO) in the following 12 countries : Italy (200), Turkey (87), Tunisia (68), US (48), Greece (46), Germany (27), Argentina (24), Belgium (24), Brazil (20), UK (18), Canada (13) and France (12). Based on LIC at baseline (2–3, >3–7, >7–14 and >14 mg Fe/g dw), patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either oral ICL670 once daily at doses of 5, 10, 20 or 30 mg/kg, respectively, or subcutaneous DFO at doses of 20–60 mg/kg/day for 5 days/week. Treatment was for one year initially, to be followed by an extension phase during which patients randomized to DFO may switch to ICL670. LIC, the primary outcome variable, was assessed at baseline by liver biopsy or, in some children, non-invasively by magnetic susceptometry using a Superconducting QUantum Interference Device (SQUID). LIC will be reassessed after 12 months of therapy in each patient using the same methodology as at baseline. Liver biopsies are analyzed at a single center (Rennes, France) and SQUID assessments are performed in 3 centers (Turin, Italy; Hamburg, Germany; Oakland, US). At baseline, median (25–75th percentiles) LIC was 13.0 mg Fe/g dw (7.2–21.0) by biopsy and 5.6 (4.0–7.7) in those patients assessed by SQUID. Total body iron balance will be assessed to determine the relative chelation efficacies of ICL670 and DFO. A summary of patient demographics and baseline characteristics (median values or no. of pts) is given in the table. ICL670 has been well tolerated with mild, transient gastrointestinal complaints as the main AEs with a suspected relationship to study drug. As of May 2004, 8 patients on ICL670 and 2 on DFO had discontinued therapy due to AEs. The key efficacy and safety data from the initial 12 months of therapy for all randomized patients will be available late November 2004.

| | Treatment group (by initial dose) |
|:-----------------------------:| --------------------------------- | -------------------- |
| | ICL670 (n=296) | Deferoxamine (n=291) |
| | 10 mg/kg n = ≤ 94 | 20 mg/kg n = 83 | 30 mg/kg n = 119 | <35 mg/kg n = 51 | 35-<50 mg/kg n = 119 | ≥ 50 mg/kg n = 121 |
| Age (yrs) median | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 17 |
| No. of pts 2 - <16 years | 49 | 44 | 60 | 26 | 63 | 56 |
| No. of ≥ pts 16 yrs | 45 | 39 | 59 | 25 | 56 | 65 |
| No. of males/females | 44/50 | 41/42 | 54/65 | 32/19 | 50/69 | 61/60 |
| LIC (mg Fe/g dry weight) | 4.7 | 10.6 | 21.8 | 4.5 | 9.1 | 19.5 |
| No. of pts with biopsy/SQUID* | 60/34 | 69/14 | 117/0* | 36/15 | 93/26 | 119/2 |
| Serum ferritin (ng/ml) | 1881 | 1954 | 3250 | 1546 | 2037 | 2383 |


An experimental study is performed on the motion of a particle in a two-dimensional curved open channel. Particles different size and geometry are tested in a water-glycerin mixture. A modified dynamics equation is derived, and a new parameter is disclosed which is pertinent to both particle geometry and fluid flow conditions.


The invention relates to a system and method for generating a frame structure for MIMO narrowband power line communications. A PLC network system (100) and method (700A, 700B) operative with OFDM for generating MIMO frames (500B, 500E) with suitable preamble portions configured to provide backward compatibility with legacy PLC devices (108 - 1 to 108 - M) and facilitate different receiver tasks such as frame detection and symbol timing, channel estimation and automatic gain control (AGC), including robust preamble detection in the presence of impulsive noise and frequency-selective channels of the PLC network (100).


Growth for mixed forest of Toona sinensis Pinus elliottii with different mixed proportion and growth of pure forest of Toona sinensis Pinus elliottii were compared;their growth effect analysis were studied.Result shows that: growth of mixed forest of Toona sinensis Pinus elliottii with different mixed proportion is different.Growth of Toona sinensis Pinus elliottii are significantly improved while mixed ratio being 1∶2;growth of Toona sinensis was improved with the mixed ratio being 1∶1,and growth of Pinus elliottii was affected.Toona sinensis Pinus elliottii were mixed with appropriate proportion;due to the coordinated interspecific interactions,ecological conditions of the forest were improved,and growth of forest stand were promoted;the growth effect was optimal while the mixed ratio is 1∶2;it is a high-yield,steady ecological harmonious mixed plantation of conifer and broadleaf in coastal mountainous region of eastern Fujian.


In the new century,scientific knowledge mapping and knowledge visualization get developed rapidly,which has become a mainstream area of scientific metrology.To Comment on Professor Liu Zeyuan's,who is scientometrics and knowledge visualization expert,"scientific knowledge map",and talk about the application prospects of the map of scientific knowledge in sports science research,and through specific cases of scientific knowledge mapping of sport science,provide the readers with visually demonstrates the effective access to knowledge,discovery of new methods and means of knowledge.


A remote quality assurance and improvement protocol for point‐of‐care obstetric ultrasound in low‐resource areas was validated against the standard of care for obstetric ultrasound in the United States.


Preparing Array Analytics for the Data Tsunami Similarity Join for Big Geographic Data Spatial Index Schemes for Cloud Environments NoSQL Geographic Databases: An Overview Web Services Composition and Geographic Information Database Server Models for WMS and WFS Geographic Web Services Robust Workflow Systems + Flexible Geoprocessing Services = Geo-enabled Model Web? Architecture for Including Personalization in a Mobile GIS via Semantic Web Techniques GeoBI Architecture Based on Free Software: Experience and Review Semantic Similarity based on Weighted Ontology


CONTROLLING water pressure on suburban distribution lines is a very broad subject and encompasses many problems. This paper is concerned primarily with maintaining such pressure without storage. Generally, the suburban or peripheral distribution area requires booster pumping. The original or primary system, having surpassed its intended design growth factor, is inadequate to supply the newer area throughout the 24-hr period. For many reasons it is more practical to install high-service booster pumping stations than to redesign the primary system completely in order to incorporate the new area. The new service is literally an independent system, superimposed upon the old, which provides a broad range of flows to meet the varying demand at adequate heads. Such booster stations may consist of one or more pumps, depending upon the requirements of the specific installation. There are three basic methods by which water distribution at adequate pressure can be accomplished. In the order of frequency of usage, these methods are: [1] elevated storage; [2] hydropneumatic tanks; and [3] what is known as the closed system, or direct pumpage with no storage. In the most common application, an elevated tank is included in the de-


Soldier Radio Waveform (SRW) network is a kind of mobile Ad hoc network. It is mostly suitable to tactical or emergency communications. The Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) control mechanism of Barrage Relay Network (BRN) is used in SRW. To make simulation study on BRN, a group of network models, node models, and process models of BRN are built with OPNET simulation kits. Moreover, the simulation study includes Controlled Barrage Region (CBR), which is a representative application of BRN. The procedures of building CBR and data transmission are implemented. The correctness of these models is proved by extensive simulation experiments and rigorous analyses. These models can be used in both academic study and industrial applications.


We present the novel kinematics, workspace characterization, functional prototype and impedance control of a six degrees of freedom haptic interface designed to train surgeons for laparoscopic procedures, through virtual reality simulations. The parallel kinematics of the device is constructed by connecting a 3RRP planar parallel mechanism to a linearly actuated modified delta mechanism with a connecting link. The configuration level forward and inverse kinematics of the device assume analytic solutions, while its workspace can be shaped to enable large end-effector translations and rotations, making it well-suited for laparoscopy operations. Furthermore, the haptic interface features a low apparent inertia with high structural stiffness, thanks to its parallel kinematics with grounded actuators. A model-based open-loop impedance controller with feed-forward gravity compensation has been implemented for the device and various virtual tissue/organ stiffness levels have been rendered.


The stretched spiral vortex (Lundgren 1982, LSV) is identified in turbulence in homogeneous isotropic (Horiuti & Fujisawa 2008) and shear flow (Horiuti & Ozawa 2011), and the spectral properties of these flows are studied using DNS and experimental measurement data. With regard to the vorticity alignment along two spiral sheets and the vortex tube in the core region, two symmetric modes and a third asymmetric mode of configurations are extracted. The genesis, growth and annihilation processes of LSV are elucidated, and the role of LSV in generation of turbulence is shown. The power law in the inertial subrange energy spectrum is studied. The base steady spectrum fits the equilibrium Kolmogorov -5/3 spectrum, to which a non-equilibrium component induced by the fluctuation of the dissipation rate is added. This component is extracted using the conditional sampling on dissipation rate, and it is shown that it fits the -7/3 power in accordance with the statistical theory. The correlation between these spectra and the appearance and diminution of the three modes of LSV is discussed. The temporal variations of the spectrum are divided into two regimes, Phases 1 and 2. Large energy contained in the low-wavenumber range in Phase 1 is cascaded to the small scales in Phase 2. This energy transfer is accomplished by the reversal in the sign of -7/3 power component.


Preliminary evidence suggests that children may report decreasing pleasure throughout incremental exercise tests. This pattern of affective responses might be related to the deviation of incremental and prolonged patterns of exercise from the innate propensity of children for intermittent movement. Furthermore, the self-regulation of affective responses during exercise may require cognitive strategies underpinned by cortical networks still under development during childhood. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to examine (1) whether dorsolateral prefrontal cortical (dlPFC) activity is associated with affective responses during an incremental cycling exercise test, and (2) whether theoretically relevant covariates moderate affective responses and dlPFC activation during exercise. Secondary outcomes of interest included (3) whether affective responses, dlPFC activation, and time spent exercising at intensities above ventilatory threshold (VT) are associated with lower postexercise scores on the inhibition component of executive function as assessed by a pediatric adaptation of the Eriksen Flanker Task. Fifty-six healthy girls (n = 27) and boys (n = 29) aged 7-9 years participated in the study. There was a positive association between left dlPFC activity and affective responses above VT to the end of exercise, whereby dlPFC activity declined concurrently with affective responses. Age and body mass index (BMI) moderated the slopes of change in right dlPFC activity below VT, while age moderated the slope of affective responses and BMI moderated the slope of left dlPFC activity below VT. There were no moderators of affective responses or dlPFC activity from VT to the end of exercise. These results suggest that children experience declines in pleasure that accelerate during incremental exercise and that these declines may reflect


CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY SCHOOL SERVICES: LITERATURE REVIEW The schools services of Psychology are intended to address the need for training courses in Psychology as they put into practice the psychological techniques learned in the classroom. They play also an important social role since they give access to psychological support to people who can not afford it. This study aims to describe published scientific studies about the common practices of these services. It is emphasized the practical and dynamic profile of each institution as well as a description of the clientele, the professional guidance work, the screening process, and also suggestions of a new possible goal to school services. Thus, it emphasizes the importance of conducting studies aimed to characterize the services in order to help institutions plan or restructure treatment to the community and student's training.


The utility model relates to an organic waste gas purification and recovery device, which comprises more than two adsorbers. The adsorbers are connected with a valve and an output pipeline for the waste gas to be treated, and the outlet openings of the adsorbers are connected with a blower fan (3); a condensate pipeline at the bottom of the adsorbers is connected with an inlet opening of a cooler (5), an outlet opening of the cooler is connected with a U-shaped liquid seal pipeline, the outlet opening of the U-shaped liquid seal pipeline is connected with a layered groove (6), the outlet opening of the solvent pipeline of the layered groove is connected with a storage tank (7); the vapor phase material pipeline desorbed at the lower part of the adsorbers is connected with a condenser (4), and the condensing mixed liquor pipeline is connected with the cooler (5); gas pipelines at the upper part of the condenser, the layered groove, and the storage tank are connected to a vacuum pump return circuit in parallel, an outlet opening of a vacuum pump is connected with a main pipeline through which the waste gas flows into the adsorbers; the upper part of the adsorbers is connected with a vapor pipeline; and the device is provided with a pneumatic control system. The organic waste gas purification and recovery device has the advantages that the high concentration organic waste gas can be avoided from passing through the blower fan; and the contamination caused by the system leakage can be avoided. The treatment rate of the device and the quality of the recovery solvent can be enhanced, and the service life of the activated carbon fiber can be prolonged, the use quantity of the water vapor can be saved, the operating cost is reduced, and the pressure of the follow-up water treatment is relieved.


Currently, dosimetry of small fields uses radiochromic films since they have shown some advantages over other dosimeters. The radiochromic film EBT3 is the latest model of this type of films that has better attributes than their predecessors. The purpose of this work is to analyze the variation of EBT3 films response when the radiation field is reduced and how this fact can impact the measurement of total scatter factors (TSF), especially in small radiation fields. Additionally, we measure the impact of changing the film batch between measurements.


Nuclear medical SPECT imaging is an advanced medical imaging equipment, which plays an important role in the discovery, diagnosis and treatment of bone metastases in the process of medical diagnosis. Computerized SPECT imaging can accurately diagnose whether patients have bone metastasis, which can help doctors quickly identify whether there is disease. In this paper, the whole body bone scanning imaging data is effectively expanded by mirroring, translating and rotating the existing data, and then an image classifier is constructed based on VGGNet model. The experimental evaluation and analysis of a group of real tomographic data by image classifier shows that VGGNet7 model can effectively distinguish disease from normal, and the accuracy Acc, PRecision pre, recall rec and F-1 scores of experimental evaluation are 0.99, 0.99, 0.99 and 0.99, respectively.


ABSTACT An image is often corrupted by noise in its acquisition and transmission by various kinds of noises. Image denoising using thresholding methods means find appropriate value (threshold)which separates noise values to actual image values without affecting the significant features of the image.Wavelet transform represents image energy in compact form and representation helps in determining threshold between noisy features and important image feature. This paper is organized as follows: First poison noise is removed by median filter; and then removed by wiener filter, second noisy image is denoised with the help of wavelet based techniques using thresholding, third thresholding is applied on the result of first and second simultaneously for image denoising and fourth PSNR (Peak Signal To Noise Ratio), MSE (Mean Square Error) calculated and results are compared in all cases. The aim of this paper is to identify the best poison noise removal filter from the comparative study analysis of filtering methods and wavelet based thresholding technique. The best filter is estimated by calculating Peak Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Means Square Error (MSE).


This bachelor thesis deals with mutual funds and collective investment. The aim of the thesis is to analyze mutual funds in Slovak mainly in 2012, 2013 and 2014. On the basis of the analysis of mutual funds, the purpose of the thesis is to provide the readers and mainly investors the view on the current situation on the capital market. The thesis is divided into three main chapters with several subchapters. The first chapter offers theoretical explanation of the key words mutual funds and collective investment. On this place, we find the division of mutual funds as well as the advantages and disadvantages of collective investments and institutions which devote to this investment form. The second chapter calls "Market analysis of mutual funds in the area of Slovakia within last three years". The thesis offers the view on historical development of collective investment in Slovakia which point out the most important milestones. In this part, we center our attention on legislation adjusting collective investment in Slovakia and companies providing collective investment in Slovakia. The important part is the analysis of mutual funds based on the graphs and tables publicized by Slovak association of asset management companies. In the last part, there are evaluations of the analysis of mutual funds.


The electrode for use with a manufacturing apparatus and a manufacturing apparatus are provided for the deposition of material on the carrier body. The production apparatus comprises a housing defining a chamber. The housing also forms an outlet for exhausting the gas from the inlet and the chamber for introducing a gas into the chamber. The at least one electrode is disposed through the housing in a state at least partially disposed within the chamber. Electrode has an exterior surface. A first outer coating having an electrical conductivity of at least 7 × 10 Claim 1 is different from the first outer coating and the outer coating is disposed on the first outer coating. The power supply device is coupled to the electrode.


(57) [summary] joint operable food containers. The food container can be articulated between a first open position and second closed position. Food containers in the first open position can accept food. When an additional note, the user while the food container is in the first open position, eat food taken from the food container. Food containers in the second closed position to cover the food or sealed. This closed position is stored foods, food is heated, carry food for the serving point and dietary point, and / or the meal is finished useful for immediately discarding the rest of the food. The food container can take plates, bowls, trays, form a clamshell or other known form.


Materials and Methods In a randomized clinical trial, with barn as the unit of concern, the effect of a non-pelleted (mash) versus pelleted corn-soy diet on Salmonella prevalence was examined. The diets were formulated to equal nutrient, ingredient levels and particle size, thus, only differed in form. The pigs were fed the diet form for the entire grow-finish period (approximately 116 days). Thirty-two barns from four sites were enrolled. The management and genetics were similar for all barns. The average number of pigs in each barn was ~1149. At harvest, individual fecal samples were collected from 30 pigs from each barn and cultured for Salmonella. A logistic model was used to analyze the data. The outcome was the number of Salmonella-positive samples/number of pigs sampled per barn. The explanatory variables were the site and feed form.


SrTiO3 is a material with perovskite-type structure which received many attentions because it has a wide potential in various fields such as piezoelectric and photocatalyst. The photocatalyst material of SrTiO3 have band gap energy 3.2 eV, as results it will work on wavelength 387.45 nm (ultraviolet light). Doping metal to SrTiO3 was reported to decrease its band gap energy. In this research, we synthesized iron-doped SrTiO3 (SrTix-1FexO3(x= 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2)) using molten salt method. The diffractogram of SrTix-1FexO3(x= 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) showed that the samples goal were successfully synthesized, but still found impurities (TiO2 phase) at x= 0.2. The SEM images showed that the morphology of particles is cubic and there are found agglomeration in iron-doped SrTiO3. The UV-Vis DRS spectra showed that iron dopant can reveal the light absorption in visible wavelength region.


The physico-mathematical model of electron transfer in metallic single-wall carbon nanotubes in the magnetic field is developed. The dependencies of ratio of magnetoresistance of nanotubes versus intrinsic resistance on induction of constant and uniform transverse magnetic fields applied to nanotubes are calculated.


The content-oriented model of Named Data Networking (NDN) allows consumers to pay more attention to the targeting data itself instead of the location of where the data is stored. Different from IP, NDN has a unique feature that forwarding plane enables each router to select the next forwarding hop independently without relying on routing. Therefore, forwarding strategies play a significant role for adaptive and efficient data transmission in NDN. Existing forwarding strategies are not smart enough to cope with the complexity of network and diversity of application demands. This paper presents an intelligent forwarding strategy, which integrates online machine learning method into the optimization of interface probabilities during forwarding process. Originally, a probabilistic binary tree structure is proposed to abstract the forwarding process as a path selection process traversing from the root node to the leaf node, which provides theoretical support for machine learning and reduces the complexity of forwarding process. In addition, we improved our strategy to prevent the convergence into limited local optimal solution by adopting the idea of simulated an nealing. Experimental results show that the proposed strategy can reduce time complexity, as well as achieve higher throughput, better load balance and lower packet drop rates in comparison with other existing forwarding strategies. The drop rates are reduced by 60% and 34% respectively in different scenarios compared with BestRoute, a strategy widely used in NDN.


Vowel duration in English serves as a cue to the voicing distinction of the following consonant, in a way that vowels preceding voiced consonants are longer than those preceding voiceless consonants. This study will examine the differences in vowel duration in various phonetic contexts produced by 8 Korean-speaking L2 learners of English in comparison with the differences produced by 4 native English speakers from the K-SEC corpus (Korean-Spoken English corpus). Specifically, we will test for the durational evidence of the influence of different manners of articulation and syllable positions on preceding or following vowels and investigate how the influence is phonetically realized by two language groups. Our hypotheses and predictions are as follows: 1) vowels are longer when preceded by consonants in coda position than when followed by the same consonants in onset position, 2) vowels are longer when preceded by nasals than when preceded by non-nasal consonants, and 3) Korean speakers produce the differences in vowel length to a smaller extent than native English speakers.Vowel duration in English serves as a cue to the voicing distinction of the following consonant, in a way that vowels preceding voiced consonants are longer than those preceding voiceless consonants. This study will examine the differences in vowel duration in various phonetic contexts produced by 8 Korean-speaking L2 learners of English in comparison with the differences produced by 4 native English speakers from the K-SEC corpus (Korean-Spoken English corpus). Specifically, we will test for the durational evidence of the influence of different manners of articulation and syllable positions on preceding or following vowels and investigate how the influence is phonetically realized by two language groups. Our hypotheses and predictions are as follows: 1) vowels are longer when preceded by consonants in coda position than when followed by the same consonants in onset position, 2) vowels are longer when preceded by nasals than when preceded by non-nasal consonants, and 3) Korean speakers produce the differe...


New evidences on the presence of Aphelocheirus aestivalis in the Iberian Peninsula, its ecology and description of two northeastern Iberian populations The waterbug Aphelocheirus aestivalis is herein recorded for the first time in Northeastern Iberian Peninsula, constituting the first citation of the family Aphelocheiridae in the region. Yet, later on in 1989, the description of three new endemic Iberian species belonging to Aphelocheirus implied the assumption that A. aestivalis was absent in the Iberian Peninsula. Here, we show strong evidences of the presence of this species by the collection of individuals in two isolated stream reaches located 36 km apart, in the two Mediterranean rivers Llobregat and Ter. The Iberian specimens studied showed slight differentiation from other European specimens in the structures of male internal genital. Photographs of the habitus of the male and female are provided. More than 25 years of study of these rivers show that Aphelocheirus sp. is confined solely to a short stretch in both rivers. Our study thus suggests that the distribution of A. aestivalis in the Iberian Peninsula should be revised and further investigated, and warns of urgent measures to improve, or at least preserve, the habitat and the hydrological conditions rivers Llobregat and Ter to protect the species.


INTRODUCTION Both authors are associate professors at the University of Missouri-St. Louis. David Shields is the founder and executive director of TrueCompetition.org, which is dedicated to promoting "true competition". Brenda Bredemeier was a founding board member of the Association for Applied Sport Psychology. The authors describe Alfie Kohn's No Contest: The Case Against Competition [1], which won a book award from the American Psychological Association, as "a compelling summary of a century of research on competition" (p. 17). They set out to "rebut the charges levelled in Kohn's No Contest and make a case for the noble contest" (p. 21).


In this paper the microstructure evolution of an iron-silicon alloy with 3.2 wt.% silicon throughout the manufacturing stages hot rolling, cold rolling and annealing is presented. Starting with a 35 mm thick feedstock, which was hot rolled to 1 mm, with different cooling conditions, the material was cold rolled to a final thickness of 0.3 mm and final annealed under same conditions to show the influence of the hot rolling on the texture and microstructure of the final annealed material.


BACKGROUND: Postoperative recurrence is inevitable in almost all Crohn's disease patients. In result, multiple bowel resections may lead to short bowel syndrome, which may affect the patient's life. Therefore, we need to seek for optimal strategies to prevent progression of the disease postoperatively. Lately, anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) agents and endoscopic balloon dilatation have been used widely, and treatment strategy has been changing. This study was aimed to clarify which therapy was the most efficient to suspend the postoperative surgical recurrence in Crohn's disease in the era of these novel therapies. METHODS: Seventy operations were undergone in 46 Crohn's disease patients. There were 32 males and 14 females. Clinical data were obtained by retrospective chart review. The age at surgery was 19–74 (median: 34.5), and the duration of Crohn's disease was 0–30 (median: 8.5) years. The observation period ranged 100 to 7758 (mean: 1671) days. The therapies analysed were aminosalicylates, immunomodulators (azathiopurine, 6-mercaptopurine), anti-TNFa agents (infliximab, adalimumab), nutritional therapy including elemental diet, and endoscopic balloon dilatation. Survival curves were drawn, and Log-rank test was employed to evaluate statistically for univariate analysis. We ran proportional hazard model for multivariate analysis. A p value of <0.05 was considered to be significant. RESULTS: The patients who underwent anti-TNFa therapy had statistically better prognosis than those without (P = 0.0276). Balloon dilatation seemed to be useful, because the prognosis of the patients who received dilatation technique had better prognosis (P = 0.0167). Immunomodulators were effective to prevent surgical recurrence with statistical significance (P = 0.0460). Patients who maintained elemental diet (more than 900 Kcal/day) had statistically better prognosis than those without or with lower quantity (P = 0.0010). By multivariate analysis, the only significant factor was the nutritional therapy (P = 0.0186), followed by endoscopic balloon dilation therapy (P = 0.0572). CONCLUSIONS: Anti-TNFa therapy, immunomodulators, endoscopic balloon dilatation therapy, and elemental diet therapy were effective to suspend postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease by univariate analyses. Elemental diet and, possibly, endoscopic dilatation remained favourable by multivariate analysis.


This article suggests a method of computing linear problems for multi-element symmetric structures of finite size; i.e., the multi-element structures associated with symmetry groups of order h > 1. Every such symmetric structure corresponds to a symmetric matrix which may have other matrices as its elements; we call the original matrix the "block-matrix" and its elements "submatrices". In theory, every symmetric matrix can be diagonalized. In practice, however, the process of numerical diagonalization may require a prohibitive amount of computer time. If a combination of analytical and numerical decompositions of such matrices is available, it can be then utilized to substantially reduce the amount of calculation and the requirement of computer time. One such method, which we call the "Spectral Method", is offered herein. This method is subsequently used to solve both homogeneous and nonhomogeneous systems of linear equations and to invert corresponding matrices of such structures.


Hypertension is one of the commonest chronic medical problems and one of the most readily amenable to pharmacotherapy. Beginning in the 1960s, when asymptomatic hypertension was linked to significant adverse effects such as stroke, myocardial infarction, and sudden death, antihypertensive pharmacotherapeutics began being used. The first generation included centrally acting, sympatholytics, direct vasodilators, sodium nitroprusside, and diuretics. Unfortunately, these often had significant adverse events, leading to the development of β-adrenergic antagonists, calcium channel blockers (CCBs), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and, more recently, direct renin inhibitors (DRIs). This chapter reviews the first-generation antihypertensives, as well ACEIs, ARBs, and DRIs. In general, the majority of antihypertensives manifest clinical signs and symptoms in terms of the degree of hypotension produced. Particular attention will be placed on mechanisms of action and unique toxicologic considerations for each of these xenobiotics.


In this paper, we propose a novel framework to exploit and utilize the shared information inner RGB-D data for efficient depth map compression. Two main codecs, designed based on the existing end-to-end image compression network, are adopted for RGB image compression and enhanced depth image compression with RGB-to-Depth structure prior, respectively. In particular, we propose a Structure Prior Fusion (SPF) module to extract the structure information from both RGB and depth codecs at multi-scale feature levels and fuse the cross-modal feature to generate more efficient structure priors for depth compression. Extensive experiments show that the proposed framework can achieve competitive rate-distortion performance as well as RGB-D task-specific performance at depth map compression compared with the direct compression scheme.


The Cassini/Huygens mission to Saturn and one of its moons, Titan, is set to lift off from Cape Canaveral in Florida on 13 October despite protests by environmentalists, who are concerned that the craft is carrying plutonium (Physics World July p13). A joint mission between NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA), the Cassini spacecraft is designed to explore Saturn while the Huygens probe will examine Titan. The £2.2bn mission is due to arrive at Saturn on 1 July 2004.


Participatory Budgeting (PB) is an innovative methodology of public budget management. It includes the common citizen in decision-making process, which does not happen in traditional budget processes. PB emerged in Brazil in the last two decades of the last century (Porto Alegre's experience is the best known model) and spread to several countries since then. The spread of the practice has produced significant changes in relation to the original proposals, requiring the efforts of analysts to identify them in different situations, carried out by different political actors, with different objectives. Pires and Pineda (2008a) proposed a typology of PB sought to contemplate the experiences from the simplest to the most daring and less sophisticated to the pretentious, so as to allow assessment of the maximum number of cases. In this article the Spanish experiences of PB are characterized from this typology, highlighting its most relevant aspects. It is a useful study to understand the evolution of PB in Spain, but also to continue the effort to better define what is and can become the participatory budget as a possible tool for improving the management of local public finance and democracy.


Purpose. The purpose of t his report is to provide a brief psychometric analysis of the Behavioral Complexity Scale (BCS) using the Rasch measurement model. The BCS consists of 33 past-year yes/no items related to externalizing disorders, including attention deficit, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and conduct disorders. Methods. Da ta were analyzed on 7,435 persons who presented for substance problem screening. Rasch analysis included an examination of: person and item reliabilities; construct validity including item and person fit statistics; and differential item functioning (DIF) across subgroups. DIF analysis allowed us to determine if the relative item calibrations (i.e., item difficulty estimates) remained invariant across subgroups of persons. Results. • The BCS performs well as a measure of the construct of externalizing disorders. Both items and scales form the theoretically expected hierarchies with a person internal consistency reliability of .87 and an item reliability of 1.00. No items misfit using the criterion of .75-1.33 MNSQ for both infit and outfit. • Of the 33 ite ms in the BCS, significant DIF (i.e., > .5 SD = .68 logits) occurred in 18 items. In all, there were 40 instances of DIF across the 11 dichotomous combinations for gender, age, race, and primary drug reported. There were 7 items with DIF for females vs. males and 9 items for youth vs. adults. When comparing each of the four race groups to all the other race groups combined, DIF occurred in 3 items for African Americans, 3 items for Caucasians, and one item each for Hispanics and Mixed/other Race. When comparing the primary drugs reported compared to all other primary drugs, there was no DIF for alcohol or amphetamines but there was DIF for 3 items for Marijuana, 7 items for Cocaine, and 6 items for opioids. • Approxim ately, 82% of respondents had response patterns that fit the expectations of the Rasch model based on infit and outfit statistics. We compared these persons whose response patterns fit the Rasch model to those whose fit statistics suggested misfit. The three unexpected response patterns, labeled as 1, 2, and 3, tended to have scores that underestimate their behavioral complexity symptoms. Response Pattern 1 was a deceptive pattern because the person measures tended to be lower than expected based on the person's average endorsement of the lower severity inattentive disorder items but higher than expected endorsement of the more serious


Qu Yuan is a distinguished poet of romanticism in the history of Chinese literature, whose creations initiated the Chniese romantic literature and reflected the artistic grandeur. This article first points out the artistic grandeur imposed upon Qu Yuan's works, especially in his "Li-sao" and "Tian-wen", then reveals the relationship between the poet's artistic grandeur and his lofty personality, and last declares that the works of artistic grandeur can only be created by the independent personalities and free spirits.


Language as a means of scientific thinking places itself reasonably centrally. Even according to Francis Bacon, human language can gain knowledge and power. In short, language helps both scientists and society to think scientifically. This research uses a communication law approach to analyze the urgency of language as a tool of scientific thinking in schools. The research method used is descriptive research. The research results present a concept of language that acts as a medium for thought processes and that schools are the best environments for cultivating language as a tool for scientific thinking. Because language and thinking are inextricably linked. As a result, in this scenario, language growth in the function of thinking is also meant to enhance science education. As a result, the presence of language as something unique to humans is more than just a sign; it is also a medium for growing the human intellect, particularly in communicating the truth of things. Teachers play a crucial role in the growth and refinement of language as a tool for scientific thinking in schools because they must comprehend the five principles of successful communication: respect, empathy, audibility, clarity, and humility.


Clustering of data has been of intense need for any organization in the past and various researchers in the field of data mining have been continuously working to find efficient and accurate tools and algorithms for the same. From the proliferation of internet and network applications is pressing the same need more deeply and it is becoming more and more necessary for providing such algorithms by the researchers of data mining. Researchers have been working continuously and finding incremental clustering mechanism to be best suitable for online data. Clustering of very large document databases is useful for both searching and browsing. The Periodic updating of clusters is required due to the dynamic nature of databases. For this purpose incremental clustering is a profitable approach. Incremental clustering algorithm clusters data in dynamic form. It requires initial clusters to be decided in advance i.e. they must be pre exist and fixed. This work proposed a dynamic and novice approach of incremental clustering algorithm for creating efficient clusters and rearrangement of the clusters on the basis of characteristics of the data. Also an approach of retrieval and searching of some specific data from the fixed clusters using a new frequency check method will be compared with the proposed work.


hallway, inserting the enema tube and slowly asceding the stairs, enema bag in hand, exercising caution after ascending ten feet,&dquo; seems ludicrous today, because of the known risks of the highpressure enema.2 Hipsley of Australia used warm water or saline solution as the enema fluid, with the can held 42 inches above the patient. Although the success of his series of cases published in 1926 did much to popularize the enema treatment of intussusception, the methods of ascertaining whether reduction was completed were unreliable.3 It was a considerable advance when Retan and


Developing modern service indusery is an important serategic choice weface in the new period,which brings about significance to national economy and social development.Asfar as Jiangxi modern service indusery is concernrd,it has achieved seriking effects,still containing many problrms,such as generally small scale,low level of market ization and inferior quality of staffs and so on..So in order to speed development of Jiangxi service industry,we should implement and carry out viewpoint of scientific development,rationally plan goals,scientifically position function and prornote devdopment in key fields like finance,insuranle,tourist,logistics,commercial trade and culture industry.Moreover we need to pursue effective channels and powerful measures to devdop service industry actively according to inner requirement of modern service industry.


Recently, the environmental problems by the global warming have become more serious and fuel economy regulations of all over the country have been tightened. For these reason, the vehicle consumer's concern about "environmental?friendly" and "higher fuel economy" have been higher every day. According this trend, new technologies for the higher fuel economy are developed actively by car makers of the world. This paper presents the technology for improving the fuel consumption by the wasted exhaust heat recovery system. Exhaust heat recovery system supply the heat energy of exhaust gas to engine coolant and auto transmission oil at low temperature right after engine starting. It reduces engine and auto transmission warm-up time, and reduces the power-train friction loss, therefore, it is possible that fuel consumption is improved. In this paper, the optimization of heat exchange efficiency for higher fuel economy is studied. And also, exhaust tail pipe noise & pressure drop is optimized for the total exhaust system performance.


After recent discoveries of bovine, porcine, rat and human proinsulin, extensive efforts have been made for their physiological and biological significance. Only a few informations are available concerning them at present, because of shorter quantity of the hormones.An isolation method of porcine proinsulin from crystalline porcine insulin with easy performance has been described.Repeated gel chromatographic separations of porcine insulin on Bio-Gel column yielded crude porcine proinsulin and its intermediate form. A single band component with corresponding electrophoretic mobility of porcine proinsulin was obtained by linear gradient chromatography of this crude material on DEAE-cellulose column, and was converted to insulin by trypsin digestion. All of DEAE-cellulose chromatographic fractions having more basic components than insulin could be converted to insulin by the trypsin treatment. Amino acids analysis of this single band component appeared to be the same amino acids composition of known porcine proinsulin.


In this article, it is argued that, given the lack of a method scientists may have used to minimize their failures, a strategy applying strict criteria for ex-post evaluation of research, by rigid count of their outputs, will stifle rather than promote creativity and progress of rational knowledge. As a result, a somewhat ineffective science policy would ensue.


This paper represented a control strategy for photovoltaic (PV) system, this control strategy was referred to as a low voltage ride through (LVRT), it had been achieved by using three phase (3-PH) (PV) grid-connected system, where this paper discussed the way to achieve maximum output active power from the solar system, while the solar system remained connected to the grid with voltage decreasing controller techniques and this was valid until certain amount of voltage decreasing which was clarified in the results. The main goal of low voltage ride through depended on injecting reactive power to the grid, amount of the injected reactive power depended on regulations of the grid code using the control of the inverter and the strategy depended on the grid voltage drop amount. MATLAB simulation had been used to achieve what was mentioned above, which led to present various cases of achieving maximum output active power with grid voltage drops by using conventional proportional integral (PI) control of the inverter. Finally, another control method, which was proportional integral genetic algorithm (PI-GA), had been used to improve value of the generated output active power.


Intravenous diazepam when used alone or with droperidol or methohexitone for conservative dentistry provides good or moderate operating conditions in 65 % of mentally handicapped or unco-operative children 1. This study completes a report2 that local analgesia, after sedation with intravenous diazepam, would provide a useful alternative to general anaesthesia for the mentally handicapped patient.