Bolted joints are one of the common assembling methods for carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) members. During bolt tightening of CFRP members, cracks or plastic deformation likely occur around bolt holes when employing high fastening forces. To prevent these kinds of damages, the fastening force is controlled in low level. When an external joint load is applied to CFRP bolted joints, most of the external load is trans mitted via a bolt. As a result, CFRP failure around bolt holes occurs by stress concentration, and th e strength of a CFRP joint is reduced. To address this problem, we have tried to gain friction force between CFRP members by increasing a friction coefficient and a bolt-fastening f orce. To increase a friction coefficient, we have inserted a thin sheet having a high friction coefficie nt between CFRP members. On the other hand, to increase a bolt-fastening force without cause dam ages, cone washer which was proposed in previous paper was utilized. In this study, the joint strength and the failure behavio ur of conventional and proposed joint were examined by finite element method analyses with degradation rules. The results show that the joint strength of the proposed joint was higher tha n that of conventional joint and the failure behaviour was different from that of the conventional joint. To investigate the joint strength and the failure behaviour of the actual proposed joint, the sing le-lap joint tensile tests with AE monitoring were conducted. The failure strengths of CFRP bolted joints with high-friction sheets and cone washers were higher than those of conventiona l CFRP bolted joints. Cumulative AE energy shows that the failure initiation load of the pr oposed joint was higher than that of the conventional joint, and the failure behaviour of the prop osed joint was different from that of the conventional joint just like the finite element metho d analyses.


The invention discloses a method for diagnosing engine misfire. The method comprises the following steps: a single-cylinder single-time misfire statistical quantity is determined according to a first single-cylinder misfire statistical sub-quantity, a second single-cylinder misfire statistical sub-quantity and a third single-cylinder misfire statistical sub-quantity in a single-cylinder single-time misfire diagnosis period; a single-cylinder misfire statistical quantity and the total misfire statistical quantity are determined according to the single-cylinder single-time misfire statistical quantity in the misfire diagnosis statistical period; and the engine misfire situation is determined according to the total misfire statistical quantity and the single-cylinder misfire statistical quantity. In the method for diagnosing engine misfire disclosed by the invention, misfire statistics is conducted according to engine misfire reasons, such as fuel injection failure, abnormal ignition coil return voltage, and the like, and the phenomena occurring during engine misfire, so that whether the engine misfires or not and whether a single cylinder misfires or multiple cylinders misfire can be diagnosed accurately and timely, and the misfiring cylinder can be further determined, which provides convenient conditions for subsequent automobile maintenance.


Researchers use a variety of approaches in analyzing dispute processing outside of adversarial court proceedings. Some emphasize disputant decisionmaking, while others, who generally take a more critical view of these alternatives, approach dispute processing alternatives from the perspective of the state and its interests. In this article I use a third approach which focuses on the political behavior of actors involved in the organization, administration, and staffing of these alternative mechanisms. The approach is applied to a relatively new alternative to adjudication in the courts in India, the lok adalat.


The article deals with specific properties of the fictional interpretation of the text of ancient Russian literature in the individual authors' versifications of the turn of the 20th century. Special attention is paid to the genre, plot and motive levels of the fiction structure. The comparative and typological method makes it possible to analyse the texts in the context of the main line of development of the Russian literature.


Case report of vertebral localization of eosinophylic bone granuloma, with radicular compression in a male pacient 13 years old; the authors discuss the probable relation between the vertebral localization of this process and the Calve's disease (vertebra plana). In their case there was good improvement under surgical treatment.


The study of compressive strength of brick is very important and valuable in Mechanical testing. In this paper, an experiment on the effect to compressive strength of flux on sludge lightweight sintered shale brick is presented in details, by studying different ratio of raw materials, finding a scientific processing method for municipal sludge and getting a new method to improve bricks compressive strength. Experiments take different ratio of municipal sludge shale brick and flux as materials, making maximum firing temperature of 950°C, finding different sludge lightweight sintered shale bricks compressive strength data, finding a suitable ratio to meet the requirements for using as load-bearing walls.


Statistical theory aims to provide a foundation for studying the collection and interpretation of data that does not depend on the particular details of the substantive field in which the data is being considered. This gives a systematic way to approach new problems, and a common language for summarizing results; ideally the foundations and common language ensure that statistical aspects of one study, or of several studies on closely related phenomena, can in broad terms be understood by the non-specialist. We discuss some principles of statistical inference, to outline how these are, or could be, used to inform the interpretation of results, and to provide a greater degree of coherence for the foundations of statistics.


With the evolution of internet in the last decade of the 20th century, E-learning has become an alternative way of learning and teaching (L&T). Universities and institutions of learning across the globe have since integrated E-learning in their curricula. Most of the universities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) are now self-sufficient in educating their students through E-learning program. The King Abdulaziz University (KAU), being one of them and located in Jeddah (a popular and commercial center at the west coast), is the highest ranking university of the KSA. The KAU has been running E-learning program since 2004, which has immensely benefited different sections of the society, including the physically challenged, old, and female citizens of the KSA. In fact, the program has also been benefiting millions of expatriates and their families working in Saudi Arabia. In this paper, development of E-learning provided by the KAU, and its impact on citizens are analyzed. A framework for improvement of the existing program is also proposed. In addition, the leadership role of the KAU for providing effective E-learning program during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is also analyzed. The qualitative review, presented in this paper, leads to the conclusion that the E-learning program of the KAU is imparting education, specially the people in remote areas, in an exemplary manner.


Hospital lean management is a necessity trend pushed by the fineness of medical service division,the fineness of medical quality and the humanistic of medical service.Lean management is a management mode that makes lean conception implementing in every process of medical service provision to full promote hospital management and medical service quality.The management experience of implementing lean management in Dongyang People's Hospital is summarized.Lean management is an important approach of management system and operation mechanism reform in county level hospital.


Comparison of the EPR spectra of a self-complementary oligonucleotide (24-mer) containing either thymidine or [6-2H1]thymidine residues following irradiation in frozen aqueous LiCl matrices allows the unambiguous analysis of thte radical anion population in model DNA systems; these studies show that C˙–(1): T˙–(2) is 85 : 15.


Training and bringing up qualified citizen is the main target selection of education.Constructing a scientific system of education quality of citizens is the basis and premise of civic education.This system mainly includes:the survival and life education,citizen consciousness education,such as the national consciousness,the rights and obligations of consciousness, democracy and legality, and ethics awareness and consciousness of environmental consciousness, cultural knowledge educational system, cultivating non-intellectual quality, particularly personalized ideal training and guidance, good thinking quality.


Aim: To testify the Braak staging of brain pathology in Parkinson's disease(PD) with investigating the metabolism of different brain regions using 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1H-MRS).Methods: The NAA/Cr ratio and Cho/Cr ratio of medulla,midbrain,putamen and motor cortex were determined by proton magnetic resonance spectroscope in 10 PD patients and matched normal controls.Results: The NAA/Cr ratio of midbrain and putamen was reduced in PD group than the normal control group(P0.05),while the Cho/Cr ratio of midbrain was increased in PD group than the normal control group.No differences were found between PD group and the normal control group in other brain regions.There were no correlations among the metabolites and Hoehn-Yahr staging,total UPDRS score,UPDRS motor score and UPDRS motor score of the serious side.There were no significant differences of the magnitude of NAA/Cr ratio and Cho/Cr ratio among medulla,midbrain,putamen and motor cortex in PD group.Conclusion: The metabolism of brain was not correlative with PD motor function and the Braak staging of brain pathology could not be validated by 1H-MRS.


Summary Selective sampling is a cost‐effective design for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs). A unified framework, which naturally combines two complementary sources of linkage information in the data, is proposed for the mapping of QTLs using selected pedigrees. Score statistics for detecting linkage are introduced for single‐locus models (univariate or bivariate phenotypes) and two‐locus epistasis models. A computer implementation of the methods for single‐locus univariate‐phenotype models is provided for nuclear families with arbitrary number of sibs and is freely available.


Decapod crustaceans is an animal group whose functional characteristics make it an ideal model for many neurophysiological studies, from basic cellular function to integrative and the so-called superior brain functions. Olfaction and chemical detection are two faces of detection of water-dissolved compounds that are determinant for the survival of the individual as well as the species. Olfaction in particular, shares many anatomical commonalities with insects but also with vertebrates. The elaborated coding and the integration process of olfactory information seem both basic and highly complex to identify and differentiate unknown dissolved molecules that participate in mating, mating selection, and agonistic encounters. Not a single compound or a mixture of compounds associated with winning or losing agonistic encounters have been isolated. When two size-matched unknown winners or two size-matched unknown losers are paired a new winner emerges, which implies new coding/decoding and integrative processes have occurred. We do not know what these processes are, but pinpoint to the more important events in these relationships quite important in the maintenance of territoriality, access to food and mate, etc.


This review surveys recent study on the business value of Information Systems (IS). The topics covered include theoretical and empirical evidence on the business value of IS, the productivity using Information Technology (IT), the firm value with IT, IT and firm boundaries, IT outsourcing, and supply chain with IT. This work critically reviews the growing literature on improving market performance through IS, discusses various perspectives, raises conceptual and empirical concerns, underscores challenges for further development of this literature, and provides directions for future research.


The Tengchong Lisu folk art of painting has a strong geographical and cultural characteristics,Lisu folk painter who,with a unique visual feel,from the environment of the national people's normal life farming and living area space to explore their inner beauty,with eyesobservation and the feelings of the soul to depict the hard work of the joy of the harvest,folk religious festivals,the pursuit of desire and performance of the future life of love and a happy family.Nearly trips by the national and provincial and prefectural(city) recognition awards,the number of works published in national art publications,or book of the "National Illustrated","Fine Arts"," Chinese folk painting anthology",dozens of works in foreign countries exhibited and collected;work has a strong romantic flavor.


Decapsulation is the process of removing mold compound from the die surface of a plastic encapsulated device. Typically, the mold compound is removed only in the area above the die and bond wires for failure site isolation and analysis. Hot fuming sulfuric and nitric acids are the most commonly used decapsulating agent. Jet etching system employing these acids or mixture of these acids have become the dominant method for decapsulation. However, due to the increase of the gold price, the IC industry has already begun to switch from gold wire bonding to copper wire bonding. However, the use of copper wire bonding also introduces a problem in failure analysis. The traditional encapuslation techniques of acid results in corrosion. Therefore, many improvements for wet chemical etching and dry etching methods are found such as laser and plasma methods. In this paper, these methods are summerised and further analysis of these methods are discussed, such as comparisons, advantages and disadvantages of these methods. It is a guide for choosing the decapsulation methods and preform accurate IC package analysis.


An automatic detection technique of nonstationary multiple oscillations in industrial control loops is proposed. The technique is based on an improved wavelet packet transform (WPT) which integrates Shannon Entropy, with a proposed non-Gaussianity test and quasi-intrinsic mode function index to automatically generate the wavelet packet decomposition structure. An optimal frequency resolution of the process data for oscillation detection purposes is obtained in a form of a binary tree. Comparative studies on simulated examples as well as industrial cases indicate that the proposed approach is robust to the nonstationary features of oscillations.


Pedagogic technology in complex with testing all the levels of training, aiming at the development of creativity of students of architectural college and applicants for entering lays the good foundation for grounding professional competencies and creative activity of future architects


Although a large number of cases of diaphragmatic malformation has been published, in relatively few of these has it been possible to ascertain the exact anatomical condition of the parts. It was therefore felt that all cases where such details are available, should be put on record. The condition about to be discussed was found in an aged female subject in the dissecting room during 1931. No other abnormalities were observed, and no clinical history was available. The diaphragm in the region of the oesophageal opening was seen to form a dome-shaped pouch or recess, which extended upward dorsal to, and slightly to the left of, the pericardium (fig. 2) . The shortened oesophagus entered this recess by perforating its roof, and, after a short abdominal course within the recess, joined the stomach. The stomach was divided into two parts by a well-marked incisure on the greater curvature, so that its upper part lay within the recess, an aperture measuring 14 inches in diameter. The peritoneal relations can be best understood by reference to figures 3 to 6. The recess was lined by peritoneum, but the oesophagus and stomach were attached to its dorsal wall by a short broad mesentery extending from its upper limit to just below its mouth. The great omentum had no parietal attachment to the wall of the recess, within which it lay curled up on the left side of the stomach. I ts visceral attachment, when traced downward, was seen to become continuous


The chemical properties of peat pore water in the basin of the Sebangau River and Lahei district, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, were studied with reference to data for the Cape Ochiishi and Furen Mires, in Eastern Hokkaido, Japan. We analyzed the major ions, pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and redox potential (Eh) of the peat pore water with reference to their vertical profiles. The mires exhibited different correlations between sulfate concentration and pH in peat pore water. A negative correlation between pH and sulfate concentration in the Paduran site implies that sulfuric acid produced by pyrite oxidation originating from the underlying sediment is contributing to pH. However, a positive correlation between pH and sulfate concentration was found in Lahei and the upper Sebangau sites. The present findings suggest that sulfuric acid production by pyrite oxidation is not the dominant acidification process of the peat pore water in the peat lands of the upper basin.


This review concludes a five-part series examining zinc in terms of its biochemistry and physiology, metabolism, dietary requirements, nutritional assessment, and states of excess and deficiency. Trace elements are of great biochemical interest. Scientists have debated whether they are merely dietary contaminants, the bodily requirements of which can be met in all but the most unusual circumstances. New evidence supports that elements, such as zinc, once thought to have no nutritional relevance, may be deficient in large sections of the human population. This review discusses the phenomena of zinc deficiency and toxicity and their associated risk factors. Therapeutic methods for the treatment and prevention of zinc deficiency are outlined. NUTRITION


Water management in paddy fields is main key to produce more yield and mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at the same time. Commonly, Indonesian farmers apply continuous flooding irrigation to combat weed growth and gain maximum yield as well. However, this method is less efficient in water use and releases more GHG emissions as represented by Global Warming Potential (GWP) value. The System of Rice Intensification (SRI), as alternative rice farming, applies intermittent irrigation that has possibility produce more yields with minimum GHG emissions. However, optimum water management for these purposes is not clear yet. The objective of this study was to search optimal soil moisture and water depth in each growth stage using genetic algorithms (GA) model for SRI rice farming. GA model was developed based on one rice season experiment that was conducted during January to May 2018 with three water management regimes, i.e., flooded (FL), moderate (MD) and dry (DR) regimes, respectively. Based on the experiment, MD regime produced highest yield by 5.26% and 10.89% higher than those FL and DR regimes, respectively. So this was the best regime among others. However, this regime release more GHG emissions than that DR regime in which its GWP value was 87.85% higher than that DR regime. So, the GA model was used to find the better regime than that MD regime. Based on those empirical data, GA model found optimal soil moisture and water depth in four growth stages. Based on GA optimal scenario, the yield can be increased up to 1.31% higher than that MD regime and GWP can be reduced up to 8.62% lower than that MD regime. More field experiments are needed to validate the model under various climate conditions.


The lawsuit filed by Max Schrems against Facebook Ireland Ltd. in 2014, under the section on consumer contracts of Regulation No. 44 / 2001, gave rise to a preliminary ruling before the CJEU with regard to the interpretation of Arts. 15 and 16 of the Regulation. The decision was delivered on January 2018: it is as expect and does not deserve much comment. On the contrary, it is worth analysing the setting of the dispute, in particular as regards the weaker party's resources as a claimant against one of the giants of social networks and online media. Equally interesting is the examination of the claim in light of the EU rules that (allegedly) would have applied to the merits, had the claim been filed after the date of application of Regulation no 2016/679, on the protection of personal data.


This work presents the conceptualization, fabrication, and performance of a dielectric elastomer membrane testing rig. The custom-built rig is designed to electromechanically characterize dielectric elastomer membranes by measuring physical quantities such as force, displacement, film thickness, voltage/current, capacitance, and resistance simultaneously. Due to the thin and very compliant nature of dielectric elastomer membranes, this new design seeks to minimize setup imperfections and human error by considering the specimen preparation and placement from the start. The test rig includes optical thickness sensors which provide the first known dielectric elastomer membrane thickness profile measurements of stretched and/or activated membranes. The operation of the test rig is demonstrated by testing pure shear silicone membrane specimens. Finally, this versatile programmable test rig results in a highly useful tool for further repeatable electromechanical characterization studies of dielectric elastomer membranes.


In 1989, the Watson College of Education at the University of North Carolina Wilmington started the Model Clinical Teaching Project and the Consortium for the Advancement of Public Education's School Reform Initiative (CAPE). Since that time, our partnership system has grown to include 146 schools across twelve traditional school districts and three charter schools. Within this partnership system, we have established a more intensive partnership network with four elementary schools. This network consists of schools that we refer to as ''Block'' schools because they host our elementary teacher candidates in a year-long residency experience. Four schools are a part of this network—John J. Blair Elementary, Castle Hayne Elementary, Ogden Elementary, and Pine Valley Elementary. The Block network is mutually beneficial in many ways—our elementary teacher education candidates engage in extensive clinical experiences (including a service learning component); the teachers in these schools work more closely with us in the governance of the partnership; faculty collaborate with partnership teachers to shape the learning experiences for teacher candidates; we provide professional development for teachers, teacher candidates, and university faculty; and the partnership results in the creation of strong professional communities that include partnership teachers, teacher candidates, and university faculty. The NAPDS Nine Essentials for Professional Development Schools serve as constant reminders of the larger purpose of Professional Development Schools, their critical role in educational reform, and the diligence we must maintain to protect them (Teitel, 2003). Our partnership structure is unique in that we have an extensive partnership network of schools with over 2,100 partnership teachers who have completed at least ten hours of professional development in our cognitive coaching model (Costa & Garmston, 2002). At a minimum, each of our partnership schools agrees to host our teacher 1In some instances, this is not a year-long residency experience. This happens if the school setting is not a good match for the candidate and/or the school. In select cases, a candidate may intern at a school that was not the same as the field experience site.


This paper emphasis on an optimized Fractional order PI controller (FOPI) for enhancing the power quality of three phase hybrid energy storage (HES) system integrated unified power quality conditioner (UPQC). In order to offer uninterrupted electricity, renewable energy sources regarding wind energy, solar PV, and battery energy storage systems (BESS) are also explored. Whenever the windmill as well as PV array is not supplying electricity, the BESS could improve the stability of the power distribution system, meet entire load requirements. Grid power quality harmonics as well as concerns induced via non-linear loads are addressed by the UPQC type with shunt and series active filter compensators. To ease the grid's power quality issues and the harmonics introduced by non-linear loads there subsist the UPQC model with active filter shunt and series compensator. The FOPI controller is used for improving the power quality of a 3-phase hybrid energy storage device with an integrated UPQC. RES such as PV arrays, BESS, as well as wind energy are analyzed in order to deliver continuous electricity. Whenever the PV array as well as windmill is not supplying power, the BESS could provide entire load demand, which increases the stability of the power system distribution. The UPQC model including series and shunt active filter compensators exists to alleviate grid power quality problems as well as harmonics introduced by non-linear loads. The UPQC shunt compensator collects power from hybrid energy systems, while the load is protected from grid-related power quality issues by the series compensator. The FOPI controller is built with iso-damping characteristics to control the voltage of the DC connection at a desirable level. The gain of the FOPI controller (Kp, Ki, $\lambda$,) is optimally tuned by a Enhanced Seagull with Rooster Update (ES-RU) Algorithm, which merge the concepts of the Seagull Optimization Algorithm (SOA) as well as the Chicken Swarm Optimization Algorithm (CSO).


The invention relates to a method for continuously cleaning and passivating copper and copper alloy, belonging to the technical field of metal surface chemical processing. The method comprises the steps of: scrubbing and degreasing, rinsing with cold water, acid cleaning, scrubbing with cold water, rinsing with hot water, passivating and drying, and is characterized in that in the passivation, passivation solution adopts aqueous solution of benzotriazole or benzotriazole derivatives, and copper ion complexing agent is added in the passivation solution. The method for continuously cleaning and passivating copper and copper alloy adds the copper ion complexing agent in the passivation solution in an adding way, and the copper ion complexing agent preferably complexes with copper ions to lead the passivation solution to be in a solution state for a longer time, thus slowing down the reaction between the effective component benzotriazole and benzotriazole derivatives of the passivation solution and the copper ions. The method has reasonable design, simple operation and less pollution to the environment, saves the cost and improves the service life of the passivation solution, and the obtained copper and copper alloy have good surface quality.


Subepidermal calcified nodule is an unusual type of idiopathic calcinosis cutis and usually presents as an asymptomatic, solitary, firm, verrucous, white or yellowish nodule. It commonly occurs in young children, generally on the face and neck, especially eyelid, cheek. However, sole is a very rare site. Four patients presented with several months` history of solitary 2∼3 mm sized firm nodule on the sole. Three of the patients were less than 1 year old, with no history of trauma. Histopathologic examination revealed hyperkeratosis, acanthosis and amorphous basophilic material in cystic space beneath the epidermis, meaning deposition of calcium salt. These histopathologic features were consistent with subepidermal calcified nodule. Serum calcium and phosphorus levels of the patients were within normal limits. Herein, we present 4 cases of subepidermal calcified nodule on the sole, an atypical location. (Korean J Dermatol 2013;51(2):127∼130)


Objective: To investigate the absorption kinetics of berberine in different intestinal segments of rats and the influence of different purites and concentrations of berberine in rats intestine.Methods:In situ pass perfusion model and HPLC method was used to determine the concection of berberine the perfusion which outleted from the opened rat in vivo.Results:The absorption of berberine decreased according to the turn of ileum,jejunum and duodenum.With the increase in concentration of berberine P increased,and P of the lower purity of berberine higher than the higher purity.Conclusion: Berberine can be absorbed in intestinal segments,and absoption mechanism was passive diffusion,the lower purity of berberine has better absorption.


Students should be prepared to cope with this world with higher level skills involving critical thinking and science process skills, so that they can solve problem in education learning and other fields. Besides, the main reason is those skills should not be separated. Critical thinking skills can be developed by enriching students' process skills. Getting students to think critically and act in accordance with science process skills that students have will improve their cognitive and skill aspects. Unfortunately, those students' ability is not balanced with the current assessment. The prior assessment should be changed to integrated assessment that provides a framework for assessing both students' critical thinking and science process skills. It enables teachers to determine the extent to which students are reasoning critically by integrating science process skills as primary tool for learning. The purpose of this study is to find why integrated assessment is needed to measure critical thinking and science process skills in integrated manner.


Perforin (PFN) delivery of granzymes (Gzm) into the target cell at the immunological synapse is the major pathway for inducing apoptosis of virus-infected cells and tumors. A validated model for how PFN delivers Gzm into the cytosol is still lacking. PFN was originally thought to work by forming pores in the target cell plasma membrane that allow Gzm entry. This model was questioned when it was shown that GzmB is endocytosed without PFN. Moreover, apoptosis could be triggered by adding PFN to washed cells that have previously endocytosed GzmB. In this study, we show that GzmB binds to the plasma membrane mostly via nonspecific charge interactions. Washing in saline does not remove bound Gzm. However, if externally bound GzmB is completely removed, subsequent addition of PFN does not release previously endocytosed GzmB and does not trigger apoptosis. Therefore, PFN must be coendocytosed with GzmB to deliver it into the cytosol.


The invention discloses a method and a device for controlling the internal environment of a vehicle. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring emotion data of a driver; presetting the internal environment of the vehicle according to the emotion data and a pre-set strategy. The device comprises an acquisition module and a control module, wherein the acquisition module is used for acquiring the emotion data of the driver; the control module is used for controlling the internal environment of the vehicle according to the emotion data and the pre-set strategy. Through the method and the device, the internal environment of the vehicle can be automatically controlled according to the emotion of the driver.


Serrated yielding properties of aluminum alloys with copper, magnesium and lithium were investigated. 2024, 2014, 7075, AlCu4Ti and 2024 containing lithium additions aluminum alloys were used. Melting was carried out in an induction furnace under argon gas protection, the casting is done under vacuum. To obtain the maximum strength and hardness, the specimens were solution heat-treated fewer than 495 °C and quenched in water at room temperature, They were then aged naturally and artificially. The specimens were aged naturally at room temperature in one week or artificially at 120 °C in 24 hours. All the specimens were subjected to tension tests. The strain rates were 0.521, 1.042 and 5.208 respectively. For a strain rate of 1,042 10-3 s -1 , serrated yielding was observed.


Based on the use of heuristic test and e-mystery user techniques, the article presents the results of a study conducted in 2011 about the variety and effectiveness of web-based communication devices laid by the Spanish regional governments in order to provide health services to citizens. The results show that the websites operated by regional governments offer much higher technological capabilities than those required by the narrow range of benefits currently offered to users of health services. Also, data collected highlights serious shortcomings in the supply and management of communication devices, especially those that encourage citizens' feedback through their active participation. Results depict a panorama still far from a reasonable use of an e-health 2.0 model.


Series Foreword Introduction: The Ethnic Community as a Polity Political Competition and the Structures of Governance Governance Institutions and the Sociopolitical Environment The Structure and Exercise of Leadership Policy-Making, or the Formulation of Collective Goals Participation in Community Affairs The Collective Identity: Definition and Maintenance Conclusion References Index


Objective:To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of leiomyosarcoma of bladder.Methods:From 1996 to 2006, 6 cases of leiomyosarcoma in bladder with gross hematuria which locate at dome, side were involved in our research group.Results:All 6 cases were treated surgically with radical cystectomy in 1 case, partial cystectomy in 5 cases. The final pathologic examination confirmed leiomyosarcoma and SMA(+) in 6 cases, MSA(+) in 6 cases, Des(+) in 2 cases, S-100(-) in 4 cases, S-100(+/-) in 2 cases,CD34(-) in 6 cases.Conclusions:Leiomyosarcoma is a rarely seen tumor in genitourinary tract. Surgery is the treatment of choice.


PLASMA INSULIN IN DIABETES In any endocrine disorder there are always two possibilities to be considered-an abnormal production of the hormone concerned or an abnormal response on the part of the target organs. The best evidence of an abnormality of hormone production is the demonstration of abnormal amounts in the blood; on the other hand, the finding of normal amounts in an endocrinopathy suggests abnormality of target-organ response. We are, as yet, a long way from being able to determine normal and abnormal blood levels of most hormones, but, so far as insulin is concerned, it would seem that a notable advance has been made. In this week's Journal (p. 732) we publish a short but highly significant paper by Drs. J. Bornstein and R. D. Lawrence on the measurement of the plasma insulin in two clinically different types of human diabetes. The technique of plasma-insulin assay was developed by Dr. Bornstein' and consists in measuring the fall in the blood sugar after injection of the plasma to be tested into alloxan-diabetic rats which have had their pituitary and suprarenal glands removed: the results are compared with a standardization curve previously obtained by injecting crystalline insulin into the same rats. By this ingenious technique all the known endocrine regulators of carbohydrate metabolism are removed from or rendered functionless in the test animals; as might be expected, such an animal has a highly labile blood sugar and is therefore extremely sensitive to insulin. Quantities as little as 1/2,000th to 1/20,000th of a unit of insulin could be detected. Obviously the test requires great technical skill and experience. The results now reported with this method of assay are of outstanding interest. Dr. Lawrence, with his immense experience of diabetes mellitus, has already put on record in this Journal his view that there were two main clinical types of -human diabetes, one certainly associated with insulin deficiency and the other, characteristically found in obese middle-aged patients (" lipoplethoric diabetes," he calls it), probably without insulin deficiency.2 He wrote then, " I know that my speculation on their aetiology rests on no sound basis. Further investigations are required. . . The difficult estimation of blood insulin in various types would give the clearest answer, and seems to be near realization." Such realization, having now been achieved, seems thoroughly to confirm Dr. Lawrence's view, for he and Dr. Bornstein have been unable to detect any insulin in the plasma of five patients of the first type, with severe diabetes and ketosis, while in all of five obese diabetics without ketosis (of the second type) measurable quantities of plasma insulin, ranging from 0.19 to 0.29 milli-units per ml., were found. These values, it is interesting to note, are very similar to those found by Dr. Bomstein in normal human subjects under similar conditions.


Abstract The Lower Cretaceous (Albian) Viking Formation at Joarcam, Alberta, can be divided into four informal allocyclic members (A to D) separated by regionally extensive flooding or unconformity surfaces. The basal member (A) comprises a coarsening-upward marine sequence averaging 8 to 9 m in thickness, which was deposited in a shelf environment seaward of a prograding shoreline. Member B is composed of a regionally extensive sequence averaging 10 to 12 m in thickness, which coarsens upward from bioturbated marine mudstones to very coarse grained trough crossbedded and massive sandstones, deposited on the upper shoreface of a prograding shoreline. Member C is a transgressive fining-upward sequence (6-8 m) of marine mudstone and siltstone, interbedded at the base with storm-deposited sandstone eroded from a retreating shoreline. Member D is a package of sand-rich sediment averaging 1 to 2 m in thickness, containing no systematic vertical sequence development or lateral facies continuity, and was most likely deposited as a diffuse sheet in a shelf environment, offshore from a stable shoreline. The regional extent of the member-bounding unconformities or flooding surfaces suggests probable allocyclic tectonic control of sea-level fluctuations and sequence development.


Water film is essential cooling technique in Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) and appear in steam-water separation at the steam generator. In NPP, the film thickness over plant acts a critical stage in the safety and economic points. Therefore, the investigation on the phenomenon of film over the plate is significant, and its flow characteristics are the main study point of the water film examination. The water film phenomenon over the surface has a considerable influence on the steam-water separation efficiency, emergency cooling system, and economic points. Nevertheless, it is important to express the water film characteristics and the inclined angles of the plate because both phenomena describe the technique by an algorithm that takes more time to calculate as well as each experiment has its condition. Consequently, this research suggests a technique to describe the water film characteristics and the inclined angles by using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) to detail images. The DCNN algorithm is used to acquiring the feature of the water film image information while the air stream in the experimental section rectangular channel of the plate seized by the fast camera is steadily increased. As well, the seven-method of SVM is applied to categorize water film pictures and determine the water film remarkable point over the plate by the training set, testing group. The results display that this method based on the DCNN and SVM Organization method can determine the water film's critical point, keep the water film inevitability and stability determination benchmark, and prevent human error. It enhances the measurement stability and offers a reference for the definition of the water film baseline.


In order to increase the burn-up in fuel elements and to keep the power density over its entire cross section as constart as possible, the center of the reactor, especially pressurized-water heterogeneous reactors, is kept free of fuel elements. The diameter of the free space in the center of the reactor can be between 7 and 30% of the diameter of the fission zone, and the space free of fuel elements can be filled, for example, with pure graphite or natural uranium. (J.S.R.)


This paper is a brief exploration of the possible scenarios of the rise of Artificial Intelligence software, as shown in Dan Brown's novel Origin and the movie I, Robot directed by Alex Proyas. If it were told three hundred years ago, the existence of current technological advancements of the modern world such as the internet,smartphones and artificial intelligence software such as siri and cortana would have been dismissed as blunders. That's how progressed mankind has become in the present context. But in the process of creating machines, each better than the next and far exceeding human capabilities, it is doubtful whether the reins are held firmly enough by the creators. Artificial Intelligence is in itself a highly volatile technological advancement. Auto process washing machines to the recently Saudi citizenship-awarded robot Sophia all come under AIs. Under that thrill of creating wondrous AIs that surpass the limitations of the human brain, are we humans creating our  ̳someday-masters'? Though there are several books and movies that deal with the themes of AI takeovers, critics and audience dismiss them as products of fiction; the same way our predecessors would have dismissed the idea of a hand held device that could become equivalent to a human's second psyche. This paper deals with two likely events that could happen in a posthuman world.


During pipeline operation, internal cracks may occur. The severity around the crack tip can be quantified by the stress intensity factor (KI), which is a linear–elastic fracture mechanics parameter. For pressurized pipes featuring infinitely long internal surface cracks, KI can be interpolated from a function considering pressure, geometry, and crack size, as presented in API 579-1/ASME FFS-1. To enhance KI prediction accuracy, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed for such pressurized pipes. Predictions from the ANN model and API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 were compared with precise finite element analysis (FEA). The ANN model with an eight-neuron sub-layer outperformed others, displaying the lowest mean squared error (MSE) and minimal validation discrepancies. Nonlinear validation data improved both MSE and testing performance compared to uniform validation. The ANN model accurately predicted normalized KI, with differences of 2.2% or lower when compared to FEA results. Conversely, API 579-1/ASME FFS-1′s bilinear interpolation predicted inaccurately, exhibiting disparities of up to 4.3% within the linear zone and 24% within the nonlinearity zone. Additionally, the ANN model effectively forecasted the critical crack size (aC), differing by 0.59% from FEA, while API 579-1/ASME FFS-1′s bilinear interpolation underestimated aC by 4.13%. In summary, the developed ANN model offers accurate forecasts of normalized KI and critical crack size for pressurized pipes, providing valuable insights for structural assessments in critical engineering applications.


As solar energy is a low-cost and clean energy source, there has been a great deal of interest in how to harvest it. To absorb solar energy efficiently, we designed a broadband metamaterial absorber based on the principle of Fabry–Pérot (FP) cavities and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). We propose a broadband perfect absorber consisting of a four-layer structure of silica–tungsten–silica–titanium (SiO2–W–SiO2–Ti) for the incident light wavelength range of 300–2500 nm. The structure achieves perfect absorption of incident light in the wavelength range of 351.8–2465.0 nm (absorption > 90%), with an average absorption of 96.3%. The advantage of our proposed structure is that it combines the characteristics of both high and broadband absorption, and has high overall absorption efficiency for solar radiation. It is also independent of polarization and insensitive to incident angle. We investigated how absorption was affected by different structures, materials, geometric parameters, and refractive indices for different dielectric materials, and we explored the reasons for high absorption. This structure is refractory and ultrathin, and it offers a good tradeoff between bandwidth and absorption. It therefore has premium application prospects and value.


Problems encountered in computing electrocardiographic diagnoses will be discussed. The method was to select voltage and time measurements for quantified diagnostic criteria. The selection was based on the physiologic events of the heart, the pathologic involvement for different diseases, the geometry of the lead system and the dispersion and overlap of the diagnostic groupings. It was possible to compute envelope surfaces which enclose each diagnostic grouping of persons. Specific measurements of voltages and times gave a great separation of persons with different diagnoses and little separation of persons with the same diagnoses.


The development of a theory-driven scale to measure tactile interaction based on user affective experience with two physical characteristics of fabric of vehicle seats was examined. Volunteers slid their fingertips on samples of fabric, giving assessment ratings on kansei statements. Roughness of the fabric surfaces was obtained using a metallic probe. Coefficient of friction was measured through an artificial fingertip attached to a tribometer. Using the Rasch model, a scale with quantitative properties was constructed. The resulting interval scale allowed the regression between the fabric locations on the linear continuum originating from affective responses and samples' roughness. The regression was noticeably non-linear, pointing to a cluster of stimuli with relatively higher likelihood of endorsement to the pool of kansei statements. However, a similar cluster for coefficient of friction was not identified. Nevertheless, the alignment of coefficient of friction with affective responses was indirectly established using roughness as a sharing component.


While the Chilean pension reform has received considerable attention, its emulation in Nigeria has not. This article is the first in-depth analysis of the Nigerian reform. It suggests that the Nigerian authorities failed to learn the lessons of Chile. They transposed a system that both failed to serve the country from which it was copied and that is inappropriate to the country to which it was copied. For countries such as Nigeria, alternative forms of provision for old age are needed. A social pension might be considered.


History. —The patient, J. F. W., was aged 67, male, white, married. His father had died, aged 73, of Bright's disease; mother, aged 50, from pleurisy. The patient had had scarlet fever, mumps, and measles when a child. He was a very healthy lad and only recalled one disease, malaria, from which he suffered repeated attacks. He denied all venereal diseases. Present Illness. —Early in the winter of 1905, patient noticed that it was with effort that he rose from sitting postures. He tired easily and could not walk as far as he could a year previous. When walking he would often strike the right heel on the ground. The length of the stride had diminished. The steps were short and quick, and the patient felt as if he would fall


Raymond Williams was an important Marist literary and cultural theorist in Britain after World War II. Under the influence of Marxism, he criticized the tradition of the British elitetheory on culture, reviewed and reconstructed the concepts of "culture" and "populace", so that he was able to look at the development of popular culture by moving his stand point from the tradition of the nobility to the future of human culture as a whole. On the key questions of the theoretical stand and basis in the studies of popular culture, he gave his answers which were different from Frankfurt School's theory on cultural criticism, providing the studies of popular culture with a new train of thought and theory.


Worldwide, introduced pest species create significant challenges to native biodiversity and individual health. New Zealand has an extensive history of attempting to protect biodiversity from introduced pests such as the Brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula [Diprotodontia: Phalangeridae]). Success has been achieved on a small scale, but the transition to the whole country management poses new issues. Therefore, this review uses the framework of 'Predator Free 2050' to summarize current practices and scrutinize new technologies. Importantly, we include a toxicology focus to the discussion, providing detail on the mechanism(s) of action that inform decisions regarding the pros and cons for the use of various chemical agents. Currently, the New Zealand government supports the use of sodium fluoroacetate (1080) for predator control on a mass scale, but this comes with a social opposition that is not always reflective of the underlying science. Understanding this controversy is vital if new strategies are to be deployed to achieve large-scale pest management. We use New Zealand as a case study in this area because its unique and isolated ecosystem provides a global opportunity for understanding new technologies and best practice.


6 p. transcript of an interview with Marie Osecap conducted by Alphonse Littlepoplar on February 11, 1974. Tape number IH-067, transcript disc 18.


Austroads commissioned a study to establish a nationally consistent approach to evaluating the effectiveness of travel demand management (TDM) measures with a particular emphasis on non-pricing measures. The study aimed to provide a basis for more informed choices between non-infrastructure and infrastructure solutions, a better understanding of how and when to use TDM measures and to enable TDM investment decisions to be considered and integrated with other investment choices. This paper draws on the research undertaken for Austroads to outline a framework for the evaluation of TDM measures. As will be explained, there is a distinction between appraisal and evaluation, and since the former has received much less attention in the context of TDM, that is the emphasis of this paper. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E216058.


The PD diagnosis of three-phase cross-bonded cable is affected by environment and mutual crosstalk. In order to solve the problem, this paper introduces the PD detection and identification for cross-bonded cable based on vector analysis method. The principle of method is that different PD pulse has different attenuation characteristic. The three-phase amplitude relation diagram (3PARD) is established based on the amplitude relation of three-phase pulse. The diagram is used to distinguish external noise from internal PD signal and separate different PD sources. It can be concluded from the result of theoretical research and on-site test that the method has better feasibility and superiority in PD diagnosis for HV cross-bonded cable and can be effectively applied to the on-site detection and insulation diagnosis.


Objective To observe the effect of Modified Xiaoxianxiong Decoction(Minor decoction for relieving stuffiness in the chest) on inflammatory factors of atherosclerosis(AS) rats.Methods Sixty SD rats were randomized into blank control group,model group,simvastatin group,and Xiaoxianxiong group, with 15 in each,and AS models were established by high fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of vitamine D3.The blank group and model group were administered normal saline and the other two groups were treated with simvastatin or Modified Xiaoxianxiong Decoction of the same volume.Eight weeks later,blood fat,hemorheology,serum inflammatory factors and expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA were determined.Results The Modified Xiaoxianxiong Decoction could decrease the total cholesterol(TC),triglycercide(TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),reduce the whole blood viscosity in high,medium,and low cut,and reduce plasma viscosity,hematocrit,and platelet adherence.It could inhibit the expression of hs-CRP of endotheliocytes and make less gene expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1(P0.01).Modified Xiaoxianxiong Decoction is better than simvastatin in decreasing the inflammatory factor expression.Conclusion The Modified Xiaoxianxiong Decoction can effectively improve the blood fat,hemorheology,serum inflammatory factors,and expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA,functioning to intervene the inflammatory pathogenesis of AS rats.


Abstract. Seismic response of R/C bridges is an issue that has been investigated thoroughly the last decades. Many efforts have been conducted towards the enhancement of bridges seismic response and two categories of seismic design practices can be identified; seismic isolated systems and ductile systems. This paper focuses on a seismic restraining system, consisting of steel bundles, that aims on improving R/C bridges seismic response. The restraining system limits the longitudinal displacements of continuous integral concrete bridges under lateral earthquake loading. The targeted reduction of the longitudinal seismic displacements is achieved with four bundles of steel bars that act in tension and compression, as well. The steel bars of the four bundles are installed in post-tension ducts, in the superstructure of the bridge longitudinally, without bonding with the bridge's deck concrete. The forces of the steel bundles are transferred to properly designed abutments. The study includes a parametric investigation on the area, the number and length of the steel bars for optimum results in the seismic response of a concrete bridge. A six-span concrete bridge was used as the benchmark bridge and a corresponding nonlinear finite element model was developed according to the analyses' demands. Nonlinear analyses were performed for variable parameters, i.e. material and geometrical properties, number of spans, ground motion etc., after proper sampling. The analyses results have shown how the seismic performance of bridges varies when the area, number and length of steel bars (as restrainers) applied in each analysis case change and how the optimization for the dimensioning of the proposed system can be achieved. The parametric investigation can be the basis for a more general guideline for the design of the system. An optimized selection is found to reduce the longitudinal displacements efficiently and improve the seismic performance of bridges without introducing any structural capacity issues to the rest of the structural members of the bridge.


Urdbean or blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) is an important self-pollinating diploid (2n=22). It foivns a significant component of the dietary requirement of people in India. Vavilov (1926) described Indian centre as a primary centre of origin of urdbean, and Central Asia as a secondary centre. Zukovskij (1962) opined that urdbean originated in India from its wild progenitor P. sublobatus.


To date, studies have focused on the acquisition of alphabetic second languages (L2s) in alphabetic first language (L1) users, demonstrating significant transfer effects. The present study examined the process from a reverse perspective, comparing logographic (Mandarin-Chinese) and alphabetic (English) L1 users in the acquisition of an artificial logographic script, in order to determine whether similar language-specific advantageous transfer effects occurred. English monolinguals, English-French bilinguals and Chinese-English bilinguals learned a small set of symbols in an artificial logographic script and were subsequently tested on their ability to process this script in regard to three main perspectives: L2 reading, L2 working memory (WM), and inner processing strategies. In terms of L2 reading, a lexical decision task on the artificial symbols revealed markedly faster response times in the Chinese-English bilinguals, indicating a logographic transfer effect suggestive of a visual processing advantage. A syntactic decision task evaluated the degree to which the new language was mastered beyond the single word level. No L1-specific transfer effects were found for artificial language strings. In order to investigate visual processing of the artificial logographs further, a series of WM experiments were conducted. Artificial logographs were recalled under concurrent auditory and visuo-spatial suppression conditions to disrupt phonological and visual processing, respectively. No L1-specific transfer effects were found, indicating no visual processing advantage of the Chinese-English bilinguals. However, a bilingual processing advantage was found indicative of a superior ability to control executive functions. In terms of L1 WM, the Chinese-English bilinguals outperformed the alphabetic L1 users when processing L1 words, indicating a language experience-specific advantage. Questionnaire data on the cognitive strategies that were deployed during the acquisition and processing of the artificial logographic script revealed that the Chinese-English bilinguals rated their inner speech as lower than the alphabetic L1 users, suggesting that they were transferring their phonological processing skill set to the acquisition and use of an artificial script. Overall, evidence was found to indicate that language learners transfer specific L1 orthographic processing skills to L2 logographic processing. Additionally, evidence was also found indicating that a bilingual history enhances cognitive performance in L2.


It is difficult to separate the history and development of the country house from the fabric of social, economic and political history. Through his meticulous research Gareth Williams has managed to capture this amalgam in The Country Houses of Shropshire. This impressive book is a tour de force, an illustrated survey of 347 houses of varying significance from the thirteenthcentury Stokesay Castle to the 2019 Regency-style mansion The Mount in Oswestry. Unlike other country house guides such as Phillimore's 1988 Cheshire Country House or Geoffrey Tyack's 1994 Warwickshire Country Houses, Williams's volume will appeal to a far wider readership. The architecture is certainly there, at times beautifully described. Much of the text, however, concentrates on the inhabitants and their connections. Williams reveals the stories of those who inhabited the houses across time and their successes and failures which ultimately dictated the fate of their houses. Among many examples is a 1776 lottery win for the new owner of Lythwood Hall, which enabled him to commission the landscape architect William Emes and the Scottish architect George Steuart to remodel the grounds and build a new house. The book contains accounts of the most obvious candidates such as Attingham Park, Hawkstone Hall and Dudmaston. What I particularly enjoyed was the inclusion of some lesser-known country houses which would make excellent subjects for further research. These properties are often overlooked and it is refreshing to see them represented in this publication. Ample footnotes provide the potential researcher with plenty of sources to which to refer. The incorporation of architecturally quirky garden buildings is a bonus, from the charming little mid-eighteenth century octagonal Chinoiserie gazebo at Orleton to the classical rotunda in the grounds of Millichope Park. Many of the houses boast an affiliation with national architects such as John Nash, George Steuart and Robert Adam as well as one of the leading Midland architects Francis Smith of Warwick. However, the author rightly showcases the home-grown talent of architects like Thomas Farnolls Pritchard and other gifted craftsmen and artisans who embellished the houses we see today. Time has not been kind to many country houses and therefore the inclusion of demolished properties like Sundorne Castle, Adderley Hall and Park Hall serves as a reminder of not only what has been lost but should also motivate us to protect the houses we still have for future generations. At 760 pages this is quite a tome, it has an easy to navigate alphabetical format with a wide range of illustrations with architectural commentary including some marvellous interior features. As a lover of maps, I would have liked to have seen the inclusion of a location map of the houses, similar to the Phillimore publications, because these types of illustrations tell a story in themselves. A remarkable achievement from Williams, it is by no means the last word on the Shropshire country house but a wonderful collection of threads to be teased out for many years to come, an excellent companion to Pevsner's Shropshire Architectural Guide.


Indigenous publishers operate differently when compared to mainstream publishers because they treat a book and its production differently. Indigenous publishers operate as a publisher in a commercial world yet they are working for the good of an indigenous community.


Modern leather haberdashery products are presented by big group of products of light industry. It is possible to distinguish among them products for carrying and storage of subjects of a household purpose, to which suitcases belong. Broad application in their production is found by polymeric materials which allow to improve consumer properties of products considerably. The review of characteristics of modern suitcases is provided in article, materials from which they are made and technology, consumer properties of suitcases of various materials, comparison of indicators of their properties are considered.


A 28 years old male developed headache and bilateral papilloedema. Cerebrospinal fluid revealed increased opening pressure, but was otherwise unremarkable. Magnetic Resonance (MRI) imaging of the brain was normal; MRI of the neck disclosed thrombosis of the right internal jugular vein. Russel viper venom test revealed the presence of a circulating anticoagulant.


CCTV as a crime prevention strategy: a review of the literature Author(s) Appelbe, Dorothy Publication date 2009-01 Original citation Appelbe, D.(2009) 'CCTV as a Crime Prevention Strategy: A Review of the Literature', Centre for Criminal Justice & Human Rights (CCJHR), School of Law, University College Cork. Type of publication Report Link to publisher's version https://www.ucc.ie/en/ccjhr/ Access to the full text of the published version may require a subscription. Rights © Dorothy Appelbe, 2009 Item downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10468/6956


The rate of vibrational deactivation by collision of polyatomic molecules is discussed. Previous calculations for CO2 by the author are corrected. A systematic method to find the steric factor in complex collisions is proposed, and the best procedure for evaluation of such collisions is discussed. Mixture of vibrational wavefunctions may increase the rate appreciably, particularly in the presence of Fermi resonance. The agreement with experiment is good for the deactivation of the transversal vibration and for the effect of CO2 admixture on O2 deactivation, but the experimental rate of deactivation of the asymmetric longitudinal CO2 vibration is much greater (60 to 90 times) then the calculated one.


Infrared Multispectral Linear Array (MLA) pushbroom scanners are being developed for NASA's Advanced Land Observing System (ALOS) for the late 1980's to mid 1990's. Pushbroom scanners offer high spectral, spatial and temporal resolution, and high reliability through design simplicity. They use integral chopping and calibration. They require no moving optics. They are lighter, simpler and more compact than their electro-mechanical predecessors. Infrared hybrid focal planes under development for MLA instruments require less power and less space radiative cooling per channel than current LANDSAT sensors. It is anticipated that pushbroom's increased signal integration time across a ground element will provide greater sensitivity and discrimination of the earth's resources. For all of these reasons NASA has selected pushbroom scanners for future ALOS missions.


Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the viability of diced/crushed cartilage grafts wrapped in esterified hyaluronic acid (HYAFF) and oxidized regenerated cellulose (Surgicel) with respect to macroscopic and microscopic parameters.


We describe a sustainable strategy to support a large number of researchers with widely varying scientific software needs, which is a common problem for most centralized Research Computing Centers on university campuses. Changes in systems and hardware, coupled with aging software, often necessitates re‐compilation of existing software. The naive approach of re‐compiling all of the existing packages is not only counterproductive but may also become unrealistic, especially for small support teams such as Georgia Tech's PACE Team. Instead, we analyze job scheduling data to identify actively used software, then rank, and distribute them in three support tiers, which define the level of support we provide. The distribution of software into multiple tiers is a non‐trivial problem. We use a heuristic ranking algorithm that uses four metrics, namely the number of users, groups, jobs, and their collective runtimes. The results revealed a surprisingly small subset of software that is sufficient to support a very large portion of the overall research computing activity on campus. This approach allows us to make data‐driven strategic technical and policy decisions to provide high‐quality support for the software that really matters and sustain these services with a relatively small team in the long term.


As the reform of the teachers' education and cultivation system in our country goes,normal colleges have faced serious competition with comprehensive colleges.Confronted with the pressed reality,normal colleges should carry forward traditional advantages,reveal their own characteristics,convert pattern of the teachers' education,so as to cultivate fundamental teaching resources suitable for the social needs.After several years of practical exploration and perfection the authors are to propose the cultivation pattern consisting of general education,whole practice,and two-way interaction,promoting effectively the professional development of normal college students;leading and improving rapid development of fundamental education locally,and realizing generally a win-win situation and the mutual promotion of normal colleges' talents training and local construction of fundamental teaching resources.


The paper discusses the four-step tactics of logistics outsourcing in China small enterprise,namely to set the goal and strategy and determine the scheme of logistics outsourcing;to choose a satisfactory supplier of 3PL;to select the form of logistics outsourcing and build up a partnership;to strengthen the supervision of logistics outsourcing.


Abstract Iotarphia rufobrunnea Lee & Ahn, sp. n. is described from Tasmania. The new species is compared with another species of the genus, Iotarphia australis Cameron. A description, habitus photograph and illustrations of the diagnostic characters are provided.


The health literacy is related to the educational level and involves the knowledge, motivation, skills of people to access, understand and evaluate information for health care to take decisions on health promotion, disease prevention and improved quality of life (Sorensen, 2012). There are currently recommendations on the promotion of health literacy in offspring of several health indicators, however, there is still no consensus about its influence on disease prevention and health promotion, particularly in terms of promotion indicators (eg. body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure) translators of a better health. Thus, this study sought through a literature review to examining the effect of health literacy in the maintenance of BMI and blood pressure within normal parameters for adult, considered their descriptors. Electronic searches were conducted through various scientific databases (CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Cunha, Madalena, Santos, Eduardo, Fonseca, Sonia, Gaspar, Raquel & Almeida, Dina (2014). Literacia para a Saude, Obesidade e Hipertensao Arterial – Revisao Integrativa da Literatura. Millenium, 47 (jun/dez). Pp. 111‐128.


To characterize the local release of progesterone (P) and oxytocin (OT) within the corpus luteum (CL) formed after superovulation during the non-breeding season in ewes, a microdialysis system (MDS) was implanted in corpora lutea (CcL). Superovulation was induced with a combination of PMSG, FSH and GnRH injections in ewes (n=5) that had been pretreated with P using an intravaginal sponge. On Day 5 after GnRH injection, the microdialysis capillary membrane (cut off Mr=1000 kDa) was surgically implanted into the individual CL of both ovaries, and continuously perfused with a Ringer's solution up to Day 17. Serial fractions were collected every 30 min on Days 6-7, Days 9-10, Days 12-13 and Day 15, to observe in detail the release patterns of P and OT at different ages of the CL. Both P and OT were released into the MDS in a pulsatile manner throughout the experiment. The frequency of P pulses changed by the age of the CL (P<0.05); it decreased temporally on Days 12-13, but gradually increased on Day 15. The percentages of concomitant P release (coincident rate of pulses) decreased on Days 12-13, but extremely increased to 52.3% on Day 15 (P<0.01). On the other hand, the profiles of OT pulses were constant throughout the experiment. The absolute P concentrations gradually decreased as the CL age progressed, while the absolute OT concentrations remained constant. A high concomitant rate of OT pulses with a P pulse within individual lines of the MDS was observed on Days 6-7 when plasma P concentrations were still rapidly increasing, but such a close relationship between OT pulses and a P pulse disappeared thereafter (P<0.05). Furthermore, a 3 h-infusion with LH on Day 10 stimulated P release during the infusion, whereas a PGF2α infusion induced an inhibition of P release after the infusion (P<0.05). These observations characterized the profiles of a local release of P and OT within an individual CL formed after superovulation during the non-breeding season. The characteristics of P release, but not those of OT release, change with the CL age. Collectively, the data appear to be well comparable to those in the cyclic CL during the breeding season. Thus, a local secretory function of the CL formed after superovulation during the non-breeding season is likely to have a close similarity to those of the cyclic CL.


A list of the graduate training programs supported by grants from the NIDR. Trainees work toward the MS or PhD degrees. Science students as well as dentists may enter the basic science programs; clinical training is limited to dental school graduates.


The velocity of glacier is the most important parameter in the study of glaciers and remote sensing is a powerful tool to calculate their surface velocities. Due to persistent cloud cover in this region, it is impossible to acquire enough optical images to provide measurements. However, measurement of the offsets between two SAR images is an effective way to determine surface velocity. In order to do this, offsets both in slant range and azimuth directions are derived from two SAR images. The movement of the glacier during the SAR data acquisition time is calculated after the global part of offsets has been removed by the polynomial fit method. The offsets used for removing the global part are selected on the basis of the Single-to-Noise ratio (SNR) and correlation in area without glaciers but with large topographic changes. The surface velocity of the whole glacier using SAR data will make a significant contribution to the study of glacier dynamics. The Kekesayi glacier can be divided into four parts, based on the velocity map. The results show that the surface velocity of the Kekesayi glacier is different on the different part of the glacier, and offset measurements are an effective method for the study of glaciers.


Before a new test can be implemented for operational use, extensive research is required to collect validity evidence that would support the use of scores from the new test. This paper describes two prototyping studies that were conducted as part of a test development project for a new general English listening comprehension test. The purpose of the prototyping studies was to make decisions about the selection of item types to be included in the test as well as to collect supporting evidence for a validity argument for the use of scores from the new listening test. The first prototyping study gathered evidence that would support the domain description inference, that is, whether the test tasks appropriately sample test takers' general English listening comprehension ability. The second prototyping study also gathered evidence for the domain description inference but with a narrower focus on the specific configuration of one test task. For both studies, test takers" performance on shortened versions of the test and test takers" post-test questionnaire responses were examined. Results from the prototyping studies are presented, along with a description of how they informed decisions about items on the test as well as plans for further research that would produce additional validity evidence for the test.


Introduction In the inherently noisy real world, we can rarely have full certainty about what we have just seen or heard. Thus, making a perceptual decision on sensory information, and simultaneously tracking our varying levels of certainty in these decisions (i.e., metacognitive abilities) are crucial components of everyday life. Hallucinations, such as confidently reporting a human voice or face when none was present, are a hallmark of psychotic disorders but also occur among the normal population. Particularly in patients with psychotic disorders, these misperceptions are linked to confident beliefs in their actual existence. However, whether patients' confidence is only increased during such erroneous perceptions and whether perceptual and metacognitive decisions arise from supramodal mechanisms across sensory modalities remains unknown. Objectives In the laboratory, we tested perceptual and metacognitive decisions under varying levels of sensory certainty in healthy adults and patients with psychotic disorders admitted to a psychiatry ward (Ncon=32, Npat=12; age = 19-49; F2x.x diagnoses). Methods Specifically, participants had to detect human voices or faces against briefly presented noisy backdrops and subsequently rate their confidence in the accuracy of their perceptual decision (Fig 1A,B,C). We further hypothesised that probabilistic cues prior to blocks of trials can bias participants' choices and hallucination probability (i.e., confident false alarms). Results Patients exhibited higher perceptual sensitivity in the auditory than the visual task, alongside a generally stronger decision bias towards fewer 'voice/face' choices (Fig 2A,B). This bias was more pronounced in the visual domain. Decision performance was overall higher on the auditory task but lower for patients (predicted minimum > 55%; Fig 2C). Strong correlations between auditory accuracy and PANSS hallucination scores of patients and LSHS scores of healthy participants suggest an effect of these hallucinatory experiences on accurate perception. Metacognitive abilities were reduced in patients across both modalities: They exhibited general overconfidence, which was stronger for incorrect trials (Fig 3A). Patients' confidence ratings were inversely related to the probability of choosing 'voice/face'. Combining both perceptual and confidence decisions, patients showed higher hallucinations probability in the auditory task, particularly in more difficult trials (i.e., with less informative sensory evidence; Fig 3B). Image: Image 2: Image 3: Conclusions In sum, patients with psychotic disorders exhibit increased decision bias accompanied by increased confidence, and thus a reduced fidelity in their metacognitive abilities. The modality differences are in line with phenomenology and reported hallucination rates. These results suggest stronger priors in psychotic disorders resulting in worse perceptual acuity and assessment of this perception. Disclosure of Interest None Declared


Three species of Gelidiales ( Gelidium arbuscula, Gelidium canariense and Pterocladiella capillacea ) (Rhodophyta) were selected due to their abundance in the marine lower intertidal of the north coast of the island of Tenerife (Canary Islands), to assess, using PAM fluorescence, the importance of irradiance and exposure to air on vertical distribution. We compared tolerance to emersion by air-drying fronds under simulated emersion, and results suggest that recovery of photosynthesis after emersion plays a major role in the vertical distribution of these three species. Morphological traits such as clumped fronds explain the higher tolerances, and reduced water loss of the species upper on the shore. Local differences between sites may be related to slight differences in the light regime related to topography.


A middle region of human endothelial actin-binding protein (ABP) was subcloned and expressed in the pT7-7/E. coli BL21 (DE3) system. As predicted by the amino acid sequence this 71 kD truncated protein (residues 1717-2360) contained a calpain cleavage site and two of the three presumptive cAMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation sites. This peptide fragment comprised all the elements needed to confer stability against calpain proteolysis to ABP after PKA phosphorylation.


The author analyzes the process of formation of three-generation households in Japan using data from a 1983 survey. The focus is on life cycle changes that affect the decisions of married children to move into the households of parents and the decisions of parents to move into their married children's households. (summary in ENG)


Isoscalar giant monopole states in finite nuclei are studied in a relativistic sigma - omega model using a local Lorentz boost and scaling method and the nuclear surface and the density distribution are treated in the relativistic Thomas-Fermi approximation. The excitation energies of the giant resonances are self-consistently calculated. It is found that the excitation energies of a giant monopole are reasonably in agreement with experimental data for all nuclei. The coupling constants and sigma -meson mass in the theory are chosen to fit the static properties of nuclear matter.


A position error control method for formation flight based on dynamic inversion is provided according to the position error between the wing plane and its correct position in formation. An implementing program of position control system based on dynamic inversion for formation flight is suggested. In order to evaluate the validity of the method, many cases are simulated that the wing plane follows the leader plane when the leader plane speed up, climb up and turn. The computer simulation results indicate that the position error can be reduced in an allowable range of formation flight by this control method, so the formation configuration can be kept.


How can we design transport environments that cater to the situation awareness needs of different end-users? This book answers this question by showcasing how state-of-the-art human factors theory and methods can be used to understand how situation awareness differs across drivers, cyclists, motorcyclists, and pedestrians and creates new designs that cater to these diverse situation awareness needs. Written by experts in the field and based on a major program of work funded by the Australian Research Council, this book outlines the distributed situation awareness model and provides practical guidance on how to study situation awareness naturalistically and how to create designs that support, rather than hinder, situation awareness. The book closes by outlining outline a generic framework to support similar applications in other areas, and discusses future applications in areas such as vehicle automation, artificial intelligence, and cybersecurity.


In this paper,there is a numerical and theoretical analysis of the non-linear finite element of the FRP Brickwork and a discussion of the choice of the reinforced brickwork models,the fundamental material composition,damage criteria and so on.The results from the analysis show that as long as the building models are chosen properly,the shear resistance of the FRP reinforced brickwork can be analyzed numerically and quantitatively and the imitated damaging course of the real structures can be imitated correctly by adopting proper software like ANSYS.


Modifying the impact toughness of carbon composite by means of introducing thermoplastic inserts in the interlaminar layer is state of the art. However, these inlayers reduce the electrical conductivity through the thickness of the composite. Because the combination of good electrical conductivity and high fracture toughness is desirable, a detailed investigation was carried out into additive-enhanced polyamide 12 compound. The modification consisted in compounding graphite, graphene and carbon nanotubes with polyamide 12 in various proportions. After it was introduced into the interlaminar layer, the samples' electrical conductivity was measured and their mechanical properties assessed. Afterwards, these results were compared with various inserts made with unmodified polyamide 12. It turned out that the coarse-mesh laid scrim showed only a slight fall in conductivity. Furthermore, it provided promising results regarding the increase of the interlaminar toughness. Thus, the expensive modification of polyamide 12 can be avoided by using discrete laid scrim.


The publishers "blurb" on the back cover informs us that Oral Historiography is a "major re-evaluation of the collection and interpretation of historical data." This, it certainly is not. Rather, it is a concise re-statement of what can be found scattered elsewhere, much of the best of it in Professor Henige's own previous work and in History in Africa, the premier English language journal of historical fieldwork which Professor Henige edits. Characteristically Henige himself makes far more modest claims for the volume asking that "this should be regarded simply as an effort to draw together a few of the many strands relating to the prospects of oral historical research and the problems associated with carrying it out successfully."


The meanings of old road widen reform were analyzed.Combined with engineering examples,the direct and split joint technology adapted in present reconstruction express highway was discussed.The theoretical analysis and widen foundation treating method of foundation widen were introduced,therefore enhanced entirety and crack resistance capacity of foundation effectively.


Lipoma arborescens is an intraarticular lesion of unknown etiology, consisting of a chronic villous fat proliferation of the synovial membrane. The disease has occasionally been associated with diabetes mellitus, degenerative diseases, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and also rheumatoid arthritis. The diagnosis relies on magnetic resonance imaging evaluation and synovial biopsy. We report a case of a 8-year-old girl with a two year history of bilateral swelling of the knees and elbows. The patient had improvement of the arthritis after starting treatment with conventional drugs.


engineering, and human-computer interaction research have traditionally followed a modelbased approach, which involves: formally reconstructing the concepts and rationale behind the current system; specifying the desired change at the conceptual level; and implementing the changed concepts to reach the new system while taking the legacy context into account. With the deeper immersion of IT usage and impact in everyday life, formal models often prove clumsy to develop and difficult to understand. Even when an initial shared understanding exists, the preceding procedure describes but one step in a continuous change process that is hard to trace without strong linkage to reality. A scenario describes a possible set of events that might reasonably take place. Its purpose is to stimulate and document thinking about current problems, possible occurrences, assumptions relating to these occurrences, action opportunities, and risks. Thus, scenarios must be linked to change goals. Results from cognitive psychology [1] indicate that scenarios offer a middle-ground abstraction between models and reality, providing a universally understood medium for participatory design, and facilitating reuse of design knowledge:


The purpose of this research is to describe; (1) inner conflict experienced by the main character in the novel Burung-Burung Manyar by Y.B. Mangunwijaya; (2) the values of character education in the novel Burung-Burung Manyar by Y.B. Mangunwijaya; and (3) the relevance of the novel Burung-Burung Manyar by Y.B. Mangunwijaya in the learning of literary appreciation in senior high school.This research applied descriptive qualitative method with the approach of literature psychology. The assessment of inner conflict was done with the psychoanalysis theory by Sigmund Freud. The data of this research were collected from the quotes in the novel Burung-Burung Manyar by Y.B. Mangunwijaya and the information from teachers. The research subjects taking was done with purposive sampling technique. The technique of data collection for this research is content analysis and interview. The validity test used triangulation of data sources and triangulation method. The flow technique is applied to analyze the data.This research reveals that there are id, ego, and superego that affect character personality. The imbalance among id, ego and superego cause inner conflict. The values of character education appear in the novel are religious, honest, tolerance, discipline, independent, curiosity, national spirit, patriotism, acknowledge achievement, friendly/communicative, social care and responsible. This novel is relevant to the instructional purpose that must be achieved from the aspect of content, presentation, language, and graphic.


Objective:To explore the effects of Na+-H+exchanger 1(NHE1)antisense gene magnetic nanoparticies on the proliferation and apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells and its potentiel role in the genetherapy for gastric cancer.Methods:NHE1 antisense gene eukaryotic expression on vector pcDNA3.1 was constructed with recombinant DNA technique.The dextran coated iron oxide nanoparticles(DCIONP)was synthesized with deposition.NHE1 antisense gene eukaryotic expression plasmid was transfected into SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells by DCIONP.We examined the changes of the proliferation index,growth curve and apoptotic rates.Results:NHE1 antisense gene magnetic nanoparticies were successfully constructed and transfected NHE-1 antisense gene into SGC-7901 cells.Compared with parent cells,the proliferation index in NHE-1 antisense gene transfected SGC-7901 cells decreased from 38.95%to 34.73%,the apoptotic rates increased from 3.85% to 11.75%(P0.01).The growth curve showed that the proliferative speed of NHE-1 antisense gene transfected SGC-7901 cells was markedly slower than that of SGC-7901 cells.Conclusion:NHE-1 antisense gene magnetic nanoparticies can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells.This study provides a new strategy for the treatment of gastric cancer.


Background: The Minamata Convention on Mercury (Article 4) prohibits the manufacture, import or export of skin-lightening products containing mercury concentrations above 1 ppm. However, there is a lack of knowledge surrounding the global prevalence of mercury-added skin-lightening products. Objective: The objective of this study was to increase our understanding of worldwide human mercury exposure and associated health risks from the use of skin-lightening products. Methods: A systematic search of peer-reviewed scientific literature was performed in four databases (PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and Toxline). The initial search in July of 2018 identified 1,711 unique scientific articles, of which 34 were ultimately deemed eligible for inclusion after iterative screens at the title, abstract, and whole text levels. A second search was performed in November of 2020 using the same methods, of which another 7 scientific articles were included. All papers were organized according to four data groups 1) "Mercury in products", 2) "Usage of products", 3) "Human biomarkers of exposure"; and 4) "Health impacts", prior to data extraction and synthesis. Results: This review was based on data contained within 41 peer-reviewed scientific papers from 22 countries worldwide published between 2000 and 2020. In total, we captured mercury concentration values from 787 skin-lightening product samples (overall pooled central median mercury level was 0.49 {micro}g/g, IQR: 0.02-5.9) and 1,042 human biomarker measurements from 863 individuals. We also synthesized usage information from 3,898 individuals, and self-reported health impacts associated with using mercury-added products from 832 individuals. Discussion: This review suggests that mercury widely exists as an active ingredient in many skin-lightening products worldwide, and that users are at risk of variable, and often high exposures. These synthesized findings help increase our understanding of the health risks associated with the use of these products.


BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures, which has gradually evolved to become one of the safest surgeries. However, no procedure is without risk; in this context, biliary duct injury (BDI) is the most important intraoperative complication during cholecystectomy. Common bile duct injury reaches a variable incidence between 0.4 to 1.4%, which is associated with significant long-term morbidity, including stenosis and recurrent cholangitis, significant limitations in the life quality of the patient [1]. In order to reduce the incidence of BDI, several alternative procedures can be performed during a difficult cholecystectomy, among which we can list: cholecystostomy, subtotal cholecystectomy and/or conversion to open cholecystectomy. Subtotal cholecystectomy, according to several meta-analyses, minimizes the possibility of bile duct injury, however, it is associated with the persistence or development of symptomatic gallstones in the remnant of the gallbladder or cystic duct; when this occurs, it is necessary to reoperate on symptomatic patients [1,2]. It is estimated that between 5-40% of patients who have previously undergone cholecystectomy, may present episodes of abdominal pain like those that initially motivated the surgical indication, grouped under the term "post-cholecystectomy syndrome" (PCS) [3]. PCS is mainly caused by residual lithiasis, which represents approximately 21.3% of readmissions [4]; other causes of PCS include: stenosis or bile leak, neuroma in the scar tissue, biliary dyskinesia, Oddi sphincter dysfunction. It is also worth highlighting, within the causes, the cystic duct remnant syndrome defined as "presence of a residual cystic duct greater than 1 cm that produces symptoms as a consequence of the lithiasis inside it", with a prevalence of less than 2.5% among patients that underwent cholecystectomy; however, a high index of suspicion will allow us to recognize it in the immediate postoperative period or even several years later [3,4]. The age range of onset of cystic duct remnant syndrome is from 21 to 90 years. The female preponderance of gallstones is the probable reason for greater frequency of the syndrome in this gender. Clinically, the main reason for consultation is abdominal pain in the right hypochondrium and epigastrium, which occurs in 77% of the patients; accompanied by nausea, in 44% of patients; vomiting in 31% and fever in 19% of patients [5]. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography is the non-invasive technique of choice for evaluating the biliary tree, relegating endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) as a strictly therapeutic technique. In addition, ERCP with sphincterotomy and possible placement of a stent to aid drainage of the main bile duct can be performed, along with definitive surgical treatment, by gallbladder and/or cystic remnant resection [3]. This case report details an experience of surgical reintervention in a patient with a remnant gallbladder and cystic duct with lithiasis.


Abstract The light scattering spectra of the x(yx)y geometry in KH2PO4 were measured by a tandem Fabry-Perot interferometer as functions of both pressure and temperature. From the recorded spectra, the relaxation time of the ferroelectric mode was deduced and was analyzed on the basis of the Curie-Weiss law at several pressures. The relaxation time of individual dipoles (τ0) was found as a function of pressure. The value of τ0 at 1 bar (1.57 × 10–13 s) decreases almost linearly to 0.57 × 10–13 s at 4.17 kbar. A tentative calculation of the protonic relaxation time using a compressible double Morse potential was performed. The result was compared with the relaxation time of the ferroelectric mode.


In the traditional cloud storage auditing, users individually audit the cloud storage provider (CSP). However, users may pay the redundant auditing cost when they have similar auditing results. For example, a lot of users may get fail results when the CSP's service occurs accidents. In the worst case, the overall auditing cost is linearly increasing with the number of users. We propose a cooperative auditing model to let user share their auditing results in a friendship-based social network so that their overall auditing cost can be reduced. Furthermore, we design an auditing coalition game based on cooperative game theory, where not only users' individual interest but their entire benefit is considered. We present two algorithms to find out an optimal way of forming auditing coalitions. The first algorithm determines an optimal coalition in one iteration. In the second algorithm, after iteratively adjusting users' trust relationships, users may change to join another coalition if they receive wrong auditing results.


The problem to be treated here is that of steady longitudinal motion of a ship in a dredged channel, with specific attention to the predicton of sinkage and trim, and wave resistance. The dredged channel is idealized to be of rectangular cross section, and linearized shallow- water solutions are developed for the dredged or deep section, and for the two shallow regions alongside the channel. The ship is assumed slender, moving along the centerline of the channel, and is replaced by an equivalent source distribution, as in the earlier theories of Tuck for shallow water of constant depth. (Author)


The painting shows a female wearing only a transparent skirt, seated on a green and yellow striped armchair, with her arms upraised over her head. On the wall to the left of the figure is a blue/gray and gold pattern and to the right is a red and white floral pattern.


In this paper, a method for designing a stable fuzzy controller for nonlinear systems with the ability of reference tracking is introduced. First, the nonlinear equations of model helicopter is presented which is modeled by Humusoft Inc. based on linearization around system operating points, a T-S fuzzy model is represented. Then, based on state feedback a T-S fuzzy controller is developed, which its stability is guaranteed by nonlinear matrix Inequalities (LMI). These inequalities are solved using convex optimization methods by means of Matlab and LMI toolbox. In the following, tracking problem, control signal constraints are discussed.


Objective: To study the regulatory effect of exogenous fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) on the expressions of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) after the lesion facial motoneuron. Methods: The right facial nerve was transected at the site of 6 mm to the stylomastoid foraman. A piece of gelfoam (3 mm × 3 mm × 3 mm) presoaked in 25/μl of various test solutions (normal saline, 16IU/μl FGF-2, or 32IU/μl FGF-2) was implanted to the adjacent proximal nerve stump. After three-day survival, the rats were killed and brainstems were removed.Serial 20 /μl cryosections were cut through the whole brainstem.The CGRP immunoreactivities were studied by immunohistochemistry and image analysis.Result: In animals treated with FGF-2,the lesion-induced up-regulation of CGRP-IR was abolished compared with that of the normal animals treated with saline (positive cell ratio: P 0.05; percentage of grey scale value P 0.01). Conclusion: Exogenous FGF-2 has a negative regulatory effect on CGRP expression in rat facial motoneurons after lesion.


The deposition of alkali-metal atoms on ice and solid aliphatic alcohols at 77°K in a rotating cryostat yields intensely coloured deposits. Optical and electron spin resonance (e.s.r.) spectra of the deposits show that trapped electrons are produced by the transference of the unpaired electron from the alkali-metal atom to the solid matrix. The e.s.r. spectrum from ice exhibits hyperfine structure owing to interaction with six hydrogen atoms of neighbouring water molecules.


This paper attempts to provide an orderly description of how an organization's formal structure affects its strategic decision-making process. Literature on structure, the strategic process, and the link between the two is reviewed. Pertinent contributions are then integrated to describe the effect that three dimensions of organization structure have on six characteristics of the strategic decision process. Propositions that emerge from this integration are presented to summarize the Impact of each structural dimension.