Background Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), commonly sourced from adipose tissue, bone marrow and umbilical cord, have been widely used in many medical conditions due to their therapeutic potential. Yet, the still limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms of action hampers clinical translation. Clinical potency can vary considerably depending on tissue source, donor attributes, but importantly, also culture conditions. Lack of standard procedures hinders inter-study comparability and delays the progression of the field. The aim of this study was A-to assess the impact on MSC characteristics when different laboratories performed analysis on the same MSC material using harmonised culture conditions and B-to understand source-specific differences. Methods Three independent institutions performed a head-to-head comparison of human-derived adipose (A-), bone marrow (BM-), and umbilical cord (UC-) MSCs using harmonised culture conditions. In each centre, cells from one specific tissue source were isolated and later distributed across the network to assess their biological properties, including cell expansion, immune phenotype, and tri-lineage differentiation (part A). To assess tissue specific function, angiogenic and immunomodulatory properties and the in vivo biodistribution were compared in one expert lab (part B). Results By implementing a harmonised manufacturing workflow, we obtained largely reproducible results across three independent laboratories in part A of our study. Unique growth patterns and differentiation potential were observed for each tissue source, with similar trends observed between centres. Immune phenotyping verified expression of typical MSC surface markers and absence of contaminating surface markers. Depending on the established protocols in the different laboratories, quantitative data varied slightly. Functional experiments in part B concluded that conditioned media from BM-MSCs significantly enhanced tubulogenesis and endothelial migration in vitro. In contrast, immunomodulatory studies reported superior immunosuppressive abilities for A-MSCs. Biodistribution studies in healthy mice showed lung entrapment after administration of all three types of MSCs, with a significantly faster clearance of BM-MSCs. Conclusion These results show the heterogeneous behaviour and regenerative properties of MSCs as a reflection of intrinsic tissue-origin properties while providing evidence that the use of standardised culture procedures can reduce but not eliminate inter-lab and operator differences. Highlights In this study, we have: - Provided a harmonised manufacturing workflow that has demonstrated reproducible results across three independent laboratories when expanding MSCs. - Defined a multi-assay matrix capable of identifying functional differences in terms of angiogenesis, wound healing abilities and immunosuppressive properties. - Demonstrated similar in vivo biodistribution properties regardless of cell origin.


Abstract. The purpose of the article is to identify the main factors that constrain lending to enterprises of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine, to suggest ways to improve their lending system. A systematic approach was chosen as the methodological basis of the study, which provides for a comprehensive study of the bank lending system of the agro-industrial complex. Historical and structural-functional approaches were also used in its analysis. Methods of comparative analysis were used to consider some problems of bank lending to the agro-industrial complex. Of the general scientific methods in this study, methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction were used. The article examines the dynamics and structure of loans to the agro-industrial complex in Ukraine for 2015-2020; the dynamics of interest rates on loans to the agro-industrial complex and the dynamics of agricultural production by UAH 1. credit provision of the agro-industrial complex in Ukraine for 2015-2020. During the analyzed period, these indicators increase or decrease proportionally, as evidenced by the importance of the efficiency of credit support of the agar sector. In 2020, the efficiency of credit provision of the agricultural sector amounted to UAH 11.64, which is UAH 0.4 more than in 2015. The analysis revealed that the agro-industrial complex today has a high need for financial resources. The characteristic of the main problems of the mechanism of crediting of an agro-industrial complex is given. The need to ensure the availability of bank loans has been identified. Stimulating investment lending to agricultural enterprises will have a positive impact on the development of the industry, as well as improve the existing economic situation of rural residents. High demand for credit resources from agricultural producers, the current state and dynamics of lending to the agro-industrial complex in Ukraine allow us to conclude that it is necessary to improve the mechanism of bank loans, develop effective credit products for the agro-industrial complex and strengthen state support for agricultural lending.
Keywords: credit, banks, enterprises of the agro-industrial complex, credit programs for the agro-industrial complex.
JEL classification G21, Q14
Formulas: 0; fig.:3; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 15.


Objective:To explore the correlation between the levels of plasma adiponectin and the extent of coronary artery arteriosclerosis.Methods:In this study,283 cases diagnosed acute coronary syndrome were divided into different group according to coronary angiography.Fasting plasma adiponectin were tested by radioimmunoassay,and related parameters such as blood pressure,blood glucose,insulin,lipids,high sensitive C reactive protein(hs-CRP)were measured.Results:①Plasma adiponectin levels in subjects with Coronary artery disease were significantly lower than those in the control group(P0.01).②Plasma adiponectin levels were significantly correlated with the extent of coronary artery arteriosclerosis,high density lipoprotein cholesterol,fasting glucose,insulin resistance index and hs-CRP(P0.05).③The extent of coronary artery arteriosclerosis was significantly correlated with type 2 diabetes(P0.01).Conclusion:Decreased level of plasma adiponectin is the independent risk factor of coronary arteriosclerosis.


The Mediterranean Sea region is dominated by baroclinic and orographic cyclogenesis. However, previous work has demonstrated the existence of rare but intense subsynoptic-scale cyclones displaying remarkable similarities to tropical cyclones and polar lows, including, but not limited to, an eye-like feature in the satellite imagery. The terms polar low and tropical cyclone have been often used interchangeably when referring to small-scale, convective Mediterranean vortices and no definitive statement has been made so far on their nature, be it sub-tropical or polar. Moreover, most of the classifications of Mediterranean cyclones have neglected the small-scale convective vortices, focusing only on the larger-scale and far more common baroclinic cyclones. A classification of all Mediterranean cyclones based on operational global analyses is proposed The classification is based on normalized horizontal shear, vertical shear, scale, low versus mid-level vorticity, low-level temperature gradients, and sea surface temperatures. In the classification system there is a continuum of possible events, according to the increasing role of barotropic instability and decreasing role of baroclinic instability. One of the main results is that the Mediterranean tropical cyclone-like vortices and the Mediterranean polar lows appear to be different types of events, in spite of the apparent similarity of their satellite imagery. A consistent terminology is adopted, stating that tropical cyclone- like vortices are the less baroclinic of all, followed by polar lows, cold small-scale cyclones and finally baroclinic lee cyclones. This classification is based on all the cyclones which occurred in a four-year period (between 1996 and 1999). Four cyclones, selected among all the ones which developed during this time-frame, are analyzed. Particularly, the classification allows to discriminate between two cyclones (occurred in October 1996 and in March 1999) which both display a very well-defined eye-like feature in the satellite imagery. According to our classification system, the two events are dynamically different and can be categorized as being respectively a tropical cyclone-like vortex and well-developed polar low.


We develop a novel nonlinear radiation oscillator theory, which can describe nonlinear optical responses in symmetric and anti-symmetric damping graphene coupled metamaterials. An ultra-high quality factor of induced transparency can be realized in the proposed model. The results show that the spectral response and quality factor can be effectively tuned by the resonant detuning, the phase difference, the damping factor as well as the field intensity of the pump light. Moreover, the quality factor of induced transparency is increased by more than 60 times when the field intensity of the pump light and the damping factor are changed. Especially, the single induced transparency window splits into double induced transparency windows as the damping factors of dark mode and bright mode show anti-symmetric damping case. These results may pave the way for designing the high performance of nano-optical devices in terahertz.


Under the guidance of the scientific concept of development,reforming and improving the system of the transferring of the right of operation of land is necessary.Drawing on the operation mechanism of the SAMC,we can divide the ownership and management,separate the village committee and the village economic co-op,so that all parties carry out their duties to improve the governance structure and strengthen the supervision.Besides we can improve the circulation system and build ADR system,and so on.Finally,we can fulfil the purpose of the orderly flow.


Classification of white blood cells from microscope images is a challenging task, especially in the choice of feature representation, considering intra-class variations arising from non-uniform illumination, stage of maturity, scale, rotation and shifting. In this paper, we propose a new feature extraction scheme relying on bispectral invariant features which are robust to these challenges. Bispectral invariant features are extracted from the shape of segmented white blood cell nuclei. Segmentation of white blood cell nuclei is achieved using a level set algorithm via geometric active contours. Binary support vector machines and a classification tree are used for classifying multiple classes of the cells. Performance of the proposed method is evaluated on a combined dataset of 10 classes with 460 white blood cell images collected from 3 datasets and using 5-fold cross validation. It achieves an average classification accuracy of 96.13% and outperforms other popular representations including local binary pattern, histogram of oriented gradients, local directional pattern and speeded up robust features with the same classifier over the same data. The classification accuracy of the proposed method is also compared and benchmarked with the other existing techniques for classification white blood cells into 10 classes over the same datasets and the results show that the proposed method is superior over other approaches.


The invention discloses a novel hand-free walking stick and relates to the technical field of walking sticks. The novel hand-free walking stick comprises a walking stick body and a walking stick cushion, wherein the walking stick body consists of an upper walking stick rod and a lower walking stick rod; the walking stick cushion is arranged on the top of the upper walking stick rod; a revolving shaft and a spring are arranged between the upper walking stick rod and the lower walking stick rod; rubber belts and barrels are arranged at a position which corresponding to the thigh of a user on the upper walking stick rod and a position which corresponds to the lower leg of the user on the lower walking stick rod; the barrels are arranged outside the walking stick body; a spring is arranged in parallel to a shoe sole below the lower walking stick rod. According to the novel hand-free walking stick, the user can walk with own legs without holding with a hand, so that the self-care ability of a femoral head patient is improved greatly.


This article describes the construction of the 3D laser range finder (LRF) for the coal mine robot. The construction is based on our practical experiences with previous indoor 3D LRF design. The coal mine environment is very dirty. It is necessary to keep in mind this heavy working condition during the whole design process. The process of design started with definition of requirements. This specification is followed by selection of suitable parts and the dynamic analysis of a selected actuator. The suitable housing was designed for spatially arranged internal parts and by the Rapid Prototyping method was made the fully functional 3D LRF prototype. Finally are presented results from the 3D LRF testing conducted in the real underground environment.


Scanning Electron-microscopy of D ysraphic Human and Chick Spinal Cord A . J . Burson and P . A . Portch A Cambridge S 2 scanning electronmicroscope has been used to examine the process of normal neurulation in 20 chick embryos between 26 and 50 hours incubation (Hamburger and Hamilton stages 5 to 12). The fine structure of the surface of the neural plate revealed by this technique was then compared with that of 10 abnormal chick embryos of similar age in which dysraphia had been induced by application of CNS specific tissue antibodies (a method previously described at the 1972 Meeting). A chick embryo in which spina bifida had occurred spontaneously was also examined. The technique demonstrated the presence of numerous surface projections from the neural plate cells which are difficult to appreciate from cross-sectional preparations of the neural tube. These projections fell into two morphological categories, namely microvilli and blebs. The former are finger-like structures which are probably concerned with cellular absorption and excretion. Blebs, on the other hand, are globular extrusions from the neural plate cells consequent on their compression during the formation of the neural groove. These surface components were also present on the neural plate of the dysraphic chick embryos, but were accompanied by excessive abnormal outgrowths, irregularities in the contour of the groove and sloughing of the surface cells secondary to their necrosis. These observations were compared with three human dysraphic spinal cords obtained from stillbirths of six, 32 and 36 weeks gestation. Although these were analogous in some respects with the abnormal chick embryos, their inert epithelial surface was thought to be a reflection of their greater relative maturity. ~ ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Department of Pathology, University of MYChester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, ManChester 13.


Among the hormones produced by the pituitary gland are substances that darken the skin of amphibia. These are the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and the melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSH). There are 2 MSH types, aand 0-MSH, and these have been isolated from the pituitary glands of animals and human beings?-3 Many investigations have been carried out respecting the isolation and structure of aand P-MSH. The synthesis of a-MSH has been achieved406 during recent years. But very little is known about the physiology of MSH in the human body. It has been demonstrated that melanocyte-stimulating substances are excreted in the urine of normal men and women6 and that the excretion of such substances increases during pregnan~y.~J Recently 2 fractions, I and 11, of melanocyte-stimulating substances were found in the urine of adult normal men and women as well as in pregnant women.' s 8


The problem of A-acceptability of the Pade approximations is explored. The conjecture of Ehle, according to which these approximations are not A-acceptable for $n \geqq m + 3$ is verified in the case $n - m \not\equiv 2(\bmod .4)$.


High power pulsed TEA CO2 laser is a complicate system.The high voltage and strong electromagnetic emission make its control system easy to fail or malfunction.The design and implementation of a high power TEA CO2 laser control system is presented.With a two-level distribution control scheme,the system includes industrial computer,programmable logic controller and function units.By take dedicated measures in hardware and software design,a control system with good EMC characterstic was realized.It works well in the practical application.


lower mortality. Standards of medical care after a coronary event are less relevant since, of the 38 men who eventually died but survived long enough to reach hospital, 18 were treated in civilian establishments. Only a few in the age group 20-39 years survived to reach hospital, indicating that the deaths in this age group were sudden and unexpected. The process of medical discharge from the Service is an important source of bias, especially since it affects officers more than soldiers. In the period studied 19 officers and 20 soldiers were medically discharged with a diagnosis of coronary heart disease. On the unlikely assumption that all these men would have died had they remained in the Service the standardised mortality ratios for officers and soldiers become 79 and 178 respectively, still appreciably different from those for the civil population. Army social habits differ considerably in some respects from those of civilians. Servicemen are more likely to undertake strenuous physical exercise, and all ranks must perform a minimum of one three-mile run every six months. While exercise is reputed to raise the concentration of high-density lipoprotein,' its value in protection from coronary heart disease is still controversial.3 4 Similarly, the role of strenuous exercise in precipitating a coronary event in those at risk is also not clear.5 -7 The increased mortality among soldiers is unlikely to be due to strenuous exercise since there is no similar increase among officers. The prevalence of cigarette smoking is higher among soldiers than civilians, and per caput consumption is also greater.8 This may be a factor in the soldiers' higher mortality. No similar data are available for officers, though anecdotally their consumption is much less. Differences in diet may be relevant, but 53% of soldiers are married and eat food similar to any other British household. Army catering, in offering a large choice of menus, reflects social preference, so that unmarried soldiers eat a normal British diet.9 Social stresses peculiar to army life include moving house frequently, periods of separation from spouse and family, and the Northern Ireland campaign. The effects of military discipline are more difficult to assess since, although authority is more overt, there is an increased security of employment and housing in the Service and a strong fraternal bond in the regimental system. Thus British soldiers under the age of 40 years represent a high-risk group and officers a low-risk group for coronary heart disease. The decrease in mortality with increase in rank in the army is similar to the decrease in mortality with increase in social class seen among civilians. Possibly the extremes of risk in the army are due mainly to factors associated with the identification of subgroups of high and low risk within the social classes and to the higher prevalence of cigarette smoking among soldiers.


Optical and ultraviolet spectroscopy is presented for three F + B objects that are members of the first group of strongly interacting, F II + B systems. The data obtained confirm that HD 59771, HD 242257, and CoD -30 5135 are all binary star systems consisting of a luminous F-type component and a B star. Strong, variable H-alpha emission is seen in all the stars. It is found that the UV spectrum of HD 59771 resembles the spectrum of HD 207739. CoD -30 5135 has the most dramatic mid-UV spectrum seen among the scores of observed cool + hot star systems.


This paper present to study of physico-chemical parameters of Vijasan Lake in Bhadrawat, DistChandrapur, Maharashtra, India. Monthly changes in physical and chemical parameters such as Atmospheric Temperature, Water Temperature, Colour, Odour, Taste, Turbidity, Transparency, Conductivity, T.S., TDS, T.S.S., and pH, DO, BOD, COD, Alkalinity, Total hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Chloride, Sulphate were analyzed for a periods of December 2016, January 2017, February 2017. All parameters were not within permissible limits. The result indicates that the Lake is highly polluted with different harmful contaminants.


The corneal allograft rejection is the primary reason for graft failure, but the existing agents are of limited efficacy and may be accompanied by unacceptable morbidity. Recently, antibody-based agents have received great attention and have become an important part of therapeutic intervention for organ transplantation, which is also a research focus in the field of corneal transplantation. This review summarizes the history, current situation and mechanism of antibody-based agents in corneal transplantation. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2016, 52: 221-225)

Key words:
Corneal transplantation; Graft Rejection; Antibodies, monoclonal; Muromonab-CD3; Immunologic factors


. We treat the exterior Dirichlet problem for a class of fully nonlinear elliptic equations of the form f ( λ ( D 2 u )) = g ( x ) , with prescribed asymptotic behavior at infinity. The equations of this type had been studied extensively by Caffarelli–Nirenberg–Spruck [8], Trudinger [35] and many others, and there had been significant discussions on the solv- ability of the classical Dirichlet problem via the continuity method, under the assumption that f is a concave function. In this paper, based on the Perron's method, we establish an exterior existence and uniqueness result for viscosity solutions of the equations, by assuming f to satisfy certain structure condi- tions as in [8, 35] but without requiring the concavity of f . The equations in our setting may embrace the well-known Monge–Amp`ere equations, Hessian equations and Hessian quotient equations as special cases.


Defect Management process plays key role during Software Testing life cycle, since one of the objectives of testing is to find defects, the discrepancies between actual and expected outcomes need to be logged as defects or bugs or incidents. In order to manage all defects to completion, an organization should establish a process and rules for classification. Software defects are more expensive and time consuming. The cost of finding and correcting defects represents one of the most expensive software development activities. In our previous work, the defect classification was done by association rule mining and decision tree algorithm. Association rule mining algorithm sometimes leads to insignificant rules. So it is very difficult to classify the defects based on these insignificant rules. In order to avoid such issues, we have to optimize the rules before classification based on support and confidence value. In the present work, the rules were extracted from the database using association rule mining. The association rules are optimized using ABC algorithm. Then the defects were classified using Naïve bayes classifier. This performs defect classification in an efficient way. Finally the quality will be assured by using various quality metrics such as defect density, Sensitivity etc.


The temperature dependences of electrical conductivity (sigma) , Hall coefficient RH and charge carrier mobility (mu) H for tin telluride with different degrees of deviation from stoichiometry have been obtained in the range of 4.2-300K. It has been shown that in bulk and thin film samples with charge carrier concentrations up to pH approximately equals 8 X 10 cm-3 there is observed earlier known ferroelectric phase transition accompanied by anomalous drop in (sigma) and (mu) H in the vicinity of T approximately equals 100 K. On the other hand, as pH grows, there appear temperature anomalies of transport coefficients in the range of 135-150 and 200-215 K. THese anomalies are attributed to the phase transitions connected with cation vacancies redistribution over the crystal lattice with changing temperature. It has been shown that realization of these processes is controlled by charge carrier concentration and kinetic factors.


A device bioadhesive film, sustained release of closed cell foam comprising: (a) at least one active agent, (b) at least one nonionic polymer, (c) at least one anionic polymer, (d) the least one softening agent, (e) at least one swelling modifier, (f) at least one chelating agent, (g) at least one buffering agent, and (h) at least one foaming agent.


This book, a revision of the first edition published in 1979, includes chapters on the application of solar energy to greenhouses, heat pumps, and solar pond technology. It was written for those planning to install solar heating systems and for general readers who want to learn abou this subject. The authors include a subject index and an appendix showing conversion factors to assist the understanding of SI and Imperial units.


Background: Little is known regarding the functional outcome and quality of life of neuro-ICU survivors. In Korea, the neuro-ICU concept was introduced relatively late and data about long term outcome and predictors concerning functional outcome is scarce. The main objective of this study was to analyze functional outcome and mortality, and to determine prognostic predictors for the outcome in patients admitted to Korean neuro-ICUs. Methods: Consecutive adult (≥ 15-years-of-age) patients admitted to a neuro-ICU due to various causes including ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, and other neurological or neurosurgical problems such as traumatic brain injury, seizure, or drug intoxication during an 18-month period from July 2008 through December 2009 were included. Demographic and clinical variables were compared between groups stratifi ed based on 6-month modifi ed Rankin scale score. Results: Of 555 patients, there were signifi cant differences in age (P=0.013), sex (P=0.02), hospital stay (P<0.01), neuro-ICU stay (P<0.01), admission diagnosis (P=0.001), intubation (P<0.01), mechanical ventilation (P<0.01), tracheostomy (P<0.01), comorbid conditions such as atrial fi brillation (P<0.01), cardiac complication (P<0.01) and pulmonary complication (P<0.01), a high Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (TISS-28) score (P<0.01), and a high Acute Physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score (P<0.01) between favorable and unfavorable outcome groups. The overall mortality rate was 15.0% (n=83). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, age, sex, high TISS-28, high APACHE II score, intubation, and cardiac complication were independent predictors of unfavorable outcome. Conclusion: The identifi ed predictors for functional outcomes in Korean neuro-ICU patients will be an important aid in diagnosing and treating neuro-ICU patients.


The model proposed to explain the defect behavior of nominally pure β-Ta2O5 was extended to the case of defect equilibria and charge transport in β-Ta2O5 doped with a multivalent cation, i.e., Nb2O5-doped P-Ta2O5. This case is of practical interest in the electronics industry, where Nb2O5, is a dominant impurity in capacitor-grade β-Ta2O5.


The invention discloses a band sawing machine with a saw band automation resetting function and a control method thereof. The band sawing machine comprises saw bands, and a plurality of saw band resetting devices distributed in correspondence to the saw bands, wherein each saw band resetting device comprises a saw band monitor and a saw band lifting device. The control method of the band sawing machine has the saw band automation resetting function. According to the band sawing machine with the saw band automation resetting function and the control method thereof, before saw cutting work, the saw bands can be automatically installed on the band sawing machine, after the saw cutting work, the saw bands can be automatically demounted, and in the saw cutting work, upper and lower positions of the saw bands can be detected and the saw bands can be timely reset, and therefore the saw bands are enabled to keep working in the same horizontal plane, the probability that use life of the saw bands is influenced due to the fact that the saw bands swing up and down in running is reduced, production cost is reduced, labor intensity of work personnel is reduced, and installation speed of the saw bands is improved, production efficiency is improved, and furthermore damage to the saw bands, caused by sudden falling of the saw bands, is prevented, and the automation degree of the band sawing machine is improved.


This research aims to determine the role and constraints of street vendors in improving family welfare in the Pantai Mutiara tourist attraction area, Gumanano Village, Mawasangka District, Central Buton Regency. This type of research is qualitative research. Data collection techniques were carried out by means of observation, interviews and documentation with 9 main informants of street vendors (PKL) in the Pantai Mutiara Tourism Object, Gumanano Village, Mawasangka District, Central Buton Regency and 5 people as supporting informants. The results showed that first, the role of street vendors (PKL) in improving family welfare in the Pantai Mutiara tourist area, namely increasing family income in meeting the needs of food, clothing, shelter, health, and educational needs. The two obstacles faced by street vendors in improving family welfare are physical capital, knowledge and skills.


Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cancer among women and approximately 200,000 women are diagnosed as ovarian cancer every year in the world (Parkin et al., 2005). Platinum-containing chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin (cisdiamminedichloroplatinum II) and carboplatin have been most frequently used for the treatment of ovarian cancer. These platinum compounds specifically react with guanine residues in DNA to form interstrand and intrastrand cross-links in DNA, known as DNAadducts. This interferes with mitosis of cancer cells and causes cell death. However, ovarian cancer cells can become resistant to cisplatin and the majority of patients develop cisplatinresistant disease (Giaccone 2000; Hennessy et al., 2009; Kartalou & Essigmann 2001), and as a result, most ovarian cancers relapse. Paclitaxel (taxol) and two analogues of camptothecin, irinotecan and topotecan, are the drugs most commonly administered to platinum-resistant ovarian cancer patients. Paclitaxel (taxol) binds to -tubulin and stabilizes microtubule structure, which causes a G2/M block in the cancer cell cycle. Irinotecan, also known as CPT-11 (7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino]-carbonyloxy camptothecin) and topotecan (10-hydroxy-9-dimethylaminomethyl-(S)-camptothecin) inhibit topoisomerase I by resealing DNA breaks, which results in the inhibition of cancer cell growth (Bookman et al., 1998; Swisher et al., 1997). However, the survival rate for relapsed patients is low; Thus, there is an urgent need for more effective chemotherapeutic approaches for ovarian cancer treatment. We have previously reported that some ovarian cancer cell lines are remarkably sensitive to vitamin K2 (Shibayama-Imazu et al, 2003, 2006, 2008). In this review, strategies for developing chemotherapeutic agents for ovarian cancer are described and vitamin K2 is proposed as a promising chemotherapeutic agent for ovarian cancer.


Objective 17 dogs' adult worms of Echinococcus granulosus were collected in order to establish some epidemiological molecular information in Xinjiang. Methods The sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidaseⅠ( COⅠ) gene of several adult worm from dogs was performed to confirm genotype of the E. granulosus strains. Results The most part (17) of adult worms' genotype was sheep strain (G1). Especially, the mixed infection of the camel strain G6 and sheep strain G1 were uniquely found in one dog. Conclusion The results confirm the importance of the prophylaxis measures in order to disrupt the cycle of sheep-dog and camel-dog transmission in Xinjiang. Nevertheless, the supervision of dog infection should be reinforced because this definitive host constitutes an important link with human contamination.


Hypocrella bambusae (B. et Br.) Sacc. is a kind of parasitic fungi which grows most abundantly in Yunnan Province in China. Both the Institute of Microbiology of Yunnan Province and the First People's Hospital of the same province were for the first time to apply the extract of the fungus to skin and then to irradiate it with visible light for the treatment of white lesions of vulva and keloid, and cultivated


The importance of a social media presence may be well accepted, but many overlook a crucial element of successful engagement. With 20 per cent of the Australian population having some form of disability, and 5 per cent more with English as a second language, accessibility and inclusion is a crucial consideration when seeking to engage with sta , parents and students of all ages.


1. Device (1) for generating electric energy, comprising at least one heated heat-conducting substrate (2) at least one projection (3) and a number of thermoelectric elements (4) which are mounted longitudinally on at least one protrusion (3), the thermoelectric efficiency of each thermoelectric element (4) is issued and the thermal power at least one projection (3) are compatible with each drugom.2. Device (1) according to claim 1, wherein at least one protrusion on the heated heat-conducting base (2) has on the peripheral surface (17) equal temperaturu.3. Device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one thermoelectric element (4) via at least one first heat insulator (5), at least in a partial area (b) separated from at least one projection (3) .4. Device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the at least one thermoelectric element (4) via at least one second heat insulator (15), at least on a partial region (7) separated from at least one heated base ( 2) .5. Device (1) according to claim 1, wherein at least one projection (3) has an axial direction (8) and the surface (9) of a cross-section which in the axial direction (8) the projection (3) is compatible with at thermoelectric efficiency least one thermoelectric element (4) .6. Device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the at least two thermoelectric elements (4) have the same maxima efficiency.


1 To complicate matters, the degradation products of some drugs can be toxic, such as p-aminophenol formed from acetaminophen (Tylenol®), which can cause liver damage. 2 Consequently there is a need for a space-worthy analyzer that can monitor the degradation of these drugs to improve the understanding of space-induced degradation, so that drug types, formulations, and packaging can be improved, and supplies can be selected to match mission length. The ability of the analyzer to nondestructively quantify the amount of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and the degradation products would also allow assessing drug potency at the time of use to ensure crewmember safety. In an effort to address these needs, we have been investigating the ability of Raman spectroscopy to monitor degradation and determine if a drug is suitable for use based on the presence of 90% or more of the original API concentration. Raman spectroscopy measures the vibrational modes of molecules, which allows identification of virtually any substance, including drugs. Furthermore, it is a "point-and-shoot" technology, in that the sample is simply placed at the laser focal point to make a measurement, typically in 1 minute or less. Here we will present Raman measurements of acetaminophen (Figure 1), azithromycin, epinephrine, lidocaine, and their degradation products at percent level concentrations, in actual formulations, and 90%/10% drug/degrandent mixtures using a compact, low mass, spectrometer.


According to the lack of rural labor force in China nowadays,tea-picking by machines has gradually become the main form of tea harvest.In order to improve the value of tea picking by machines and reduce the processing costs,the technology and methods of extracting the fresh leaf are studied.This experiment used fresh leaves of tea as raw material,the water as solvent and ultrasonic wave as an assisted way to extract tea-polyphenols in fresh leaves of tea.The effect of different ultrasonic wave output power,granularity,extraction temperature and ratio of solid—liquid on extracting tea polyphenols is studied.Based on the single factor experiment,optimized process parameter,primary and secondary factors of the extraction are determined by L9(34) orthogonal experimental design.The optimal extraction process parameters by the experimental results were: extraction solid-liquid ratio is 1:20,extraction temperature is 60℃,extraction ultrasonic-wave power is 350W,and tea smashing granularity is 1.5mm,meanwhile,in which tea-polyphenols raises rate is 23.88%.Compared to the water bath extraction method,extraction rate of tea-polyphenols is higher,using time is shorter and extracting times is few than the conventional by the ultrasonic wave.And the quantities of extracting tea polyphenols are the same as the dried tea.Thus it can be seen extracting tea polyphenols in the fresh leaves using ultrasound is feasible.


Aviation industry has played a key role in improving the country's image, because aviation industry is a global industry. Aviation industry is a global industry, and it is one of the standards, when we measure national power as an important industry of countries. Understanding of managing finance streams for setting the groundwork for continuous development of Aviation industry and drawing up measures to effective application plan of a nation's purse are very important. The study will examine financial flow closely with making a division such as system of the compilation of a budget, using new budget. In this study, we analyzed propriety and rationality of air transport finance in balanced system for the development of Aviation industry with consideration for understanding development of changes of air transport finance and changing circumstance of the future aviation policy. Especially, we suggest reasonable management of financial resources through research on the actual condition & analysis of problem with placing emphasis on structural development, improvement of competitive power of aviation industry, and revitalization of local airport. It is supported by offering of aviation service in island area, and balancing of securing & utilizing financial resource of aviation safety. To do this, we have to understand different features between aviation industry and other industry. Also we suggest why it is important that we have to inspect aviation finance at this point in time. Then, we suggest financial flow and appropriate future direction. In addition, we check development cases of advanced countries in aviation field from a cosmopolitical perspective, seek a rational direction of managing finance for development of aviation industry.


Color characteristics were investigated for white ginseng powder immediately and during storage following treatments of gamma ray or ethylene oxide (EO) for microbial decontamination. The variation in fatand water-soluble pigments of the sample was negligible immediately after both treatments, however an apparent increase was observed in the samples stored for four months at and RH 90%, in the order of nontreated control, EO-fumigated, and 5 key-irradiated samples. Hunter's color a and b values of white ginseng powder increased slightly in proportion to irradiation doses, whereas EO fumigation caused a decrease in L value and an increase in a and b values of the sample, showing overall color difference () of 1.8. Considering the higher in the higher RH conditions, airtight packaging and sterilization using like gamma ray were considered an effective means for maintaining high quality of color characteristics in stored white ginseng powder.


We report accurate measurements of the excitonic ground state transitions in individual, strain free, GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As quantum dots. We determine the spectral width and the energy of the zero-phonon line as a function of the temperature for a series of quantum dots with different sizes. In particular, the thermal broadening is well reproduced by a thermally activated process having a single activation energy 36 meV, corresponding to the GaAs LO phonon energy independently of the dot size. Similarly, the energy of the zero-phonon line follows the GaAs gap temperature dependence irrespective of the dot size. Our findings demonstrate that a the exciton decoherence in quantum dots cannot be attributed to inelastic electron-phonon scattering but rather to pure dephasing processes driven by GaAs-LO phonons and b there is no quantum size effect on the excitonic energy renormalization with the temperature.


The optical density of smoke liberated by burning seven samples of materials and six commercial plastic products was studied using different light sources in a modified NBS smoke chamber. Materials included plywood, PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate), PF (phenolformaldehyde), PE (polythene), PC (polycarbonate), PP (polypropene) and POM (acetal). The plastic products were a polyvinylchloride pipe, an unplasticized polyvinylchloride pipe, a telephone casing, an insulator, an electrical fitting and floor tiles. Light sources used were a helium-neon laser, a mercury lamp, a sodium lamp and a tungsten filament lamp. The errors in optical measurement of smoke due to a forward-scattering effect and the frequency of light beam were investigated.


Abstract : The scanning electron microscope (SEM) has provided data which have been used to infer the physical and thermochemical mechanisms of the following processes: ammonium perchlorate decomposition and deflagration, aluminum combustion, beryllium combustion, aluminum agglomeration, and solid propellant combustion. (Author)


In this paper we construct two-dimensional steady potential flows past a circular cylinder as generalizations of the point-vortex Foppl system. For a given classical Foppl system, these higher-order systems form a two-parameter family depending on the truncation order N and the area A of the vortex region desingularizing the original Foppl solution. We characterize the higher-order equilibria analytically and numerically, and show that their modified linear stability properties make the higher-order systems useful models for a class of flow control problems.


Copyright © 2011 John of Archaeological Prospection ded papers originally presented urban territories of major cities or small historical centres. This Special Issue contains seven expan at the MPRG12 "Magnetic and other geophysical prospection for archaeology" session of EGU2010 Conference (Vienna, 2010). The successful management of the Cultural Heritage calls for non‐invasive assessment of unthreatened sites, evaluation of sites/monuments in areas to be altered, and identification and recovery of information where sites/monuments are likely to be destroyed. In all cases, any rapid, non‐destructive technique for site evaluation, providing archaeologically meaningful knowledge, may become of prime importance. It has been accepted that the historical method, based essentially on the collection of sources, the survey of study areas and archaeological excavation of the most significant sites, cannot give sufficient or satisfactory information to understand the cultural and economical structures of ancient inhabitants of a region. Historical research needs to be integrated with data from other disciplines to delineate the history of the area. These contributions should be prior to archaeological excavations, which are without doubt fascinating, but are very expensive, not repeatable, and may focus on non‐important areas if no previous cartography is undertaken. In recent years, various scientific disciplines have provided the most effective tools for an integrated approach to the knowledge, analysis and safeguard of the Cultural Heritage. In particular Archaeological Prospection represents an entire range of non‐invasive methods including all kinds of geological and geophysical methods, satellite and aerial photography, as well as a variety of digital site‐recording systems and numerical techniques for elaborating, analysing and representing the different data‐sets collected from the surface. This EGU session was devoted to the updated geophysical methods developed to study the characterization, the protection and the valorisation of archaeological and historical sites, contained in the


Control of nonlinear under-actuated systems is an area of ongoing research. In certain applications, under- actuated systems are unavoidable. For instance, a biped can not have an actuator between the foot and the ground. In industrial robots, under-actuation can minimize cost and dead weight. Differential flatness, if applicable, provides a systematic approach to plan and control feasible trajectories for such systems. Recently, the authors have formulated a philosophy to design under-actuated planar manipulators that are differentially flat [1]. The design philosophy has two sufficient conditions: (i) an inertia distribution scheme, and (ii) an actuator and torque spring placement scheme. The philosophy covers a broad range of n-DOF manipulator designs with the degree of under- actuation varying from 1 to n - 1 as opposed to under-actuation by one or two in most of the literature on under-actuated manipulators. This paper presents a 3-DOF planar manipulator designed on the basis of this philosophy and an experimental study of controllers based on its differential flatness property. It is demonstrated experimentally that the differential flatness based controllers are able to track the desired trajectories with small tracking errors even in the presence disturbances like friction, parameter uncertainty etc. It is shown via simulation that the errors observed in the trajectories can be attributed to the friction present at the unactuated joint.


-According to the field test data of laterally loaded steel piles at home and abroad,an empiri-cal formula for evaluating the modulus of subgrade reaction under static load in layered soil is proposed.The suggested formula takes account of not only non-linearity of K_s with the depth but also its variationwith the load.It is shown that the computed bending moments along the pile shaft and the deflection atthe pile top are consistent with the measured ones.


Investigations into the theoretical and numerical treatment of acoustic nonlinearities in marine sediments are motivated by mine countermeasures and other Naval interests related to explosions in shallow water. Agreement between theory and data for the nonlinearity parameter B/A has been demonstrated in early papers concerning saturated sands. In the more general case involving varying depth profiles of air and silt contents, however, it is observed that B/A values vary so greatly that deterministic nonlinear modeling approaches may have to be augmented to address environmental uncertainty. Comparisons are given between B/A values derived from static consolidation tests and available in situ data. Numerical profiles from the NPE shock propagation model are given to demonstrate the effects of environmental uncertainty. [Work supported by the ONR.]


The utility model discloses a photo-voltaic cell connecting structure for reducing contact resistance, which comprises a solar panel, a bus bar, and an interconnecting band connected to the solar panel. The photo-voltaic cell connecting structure is characterized by comprising a first ladder-shaped connecting band, and a first connecting band, wherein the long-edge end of the first ladder-shaped connecting band is connected with the side edge of the interconnecting band, and the short-edge end of the first ladder-shaped connecting band is connected to the bus bar through the first connecting band. According to the utility model, through increasing contact area between the interconnecting band and the bus bar, the contact resistance between the interconnecting band and the bus bar is reduced, therefore, the loss in a power transmission process is reduced, and the power generating efficiency of the solar panel is increased.


Diel (also called diurnal) discharge patterns with minima in the afternoon are generally explained by the daily cycle of evapotranspiration, while maxima in the afternoon are often linked to freeze‐thaw cycles. In a schistose and forested headwater catchment in Luxembourg, we observed daily discharge maxima in the afternoon, although temperatures remained persistently above zero and vegetation was still in a dormant state. We show that diel water temperature fluctuations––and therefore viscosity fluctuations––in the upper layer of the riparian zone can be an explanation for the observed daily discharge maxima in the afternoon during the dormant season. In the transition period between the dormant and the growing season, the counteracting viscosity and evapotranspiration processes cancel each other out. Subsequently, during the growing season, evapotranspiration is the dominant process guiding the diel discharge pattern; nevertheless, the viscosity effect might still be present, but invisible. We believe this finding also to be of relevance when analyzing daily fluctuations of biogeochemicals in stream water.


Abstract Sensitive experiments with low energy neutrons are being used as tests for physics beyond the standard model. A 1 MeV electron accelerator for use as a calibration tool for detectors in high precision neutron beta decay experiments is currently being constructed at Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL). The adjustable potential allows electrons to be accelerated to energies across the continuous beta decay spectrum, which is an improvement over current calibration methods. In this thesis, the Pelletron charging system employed by the accelerator is described and the results of a high voltage test of the accelerator are reported. Furthermore, magnetic and electric field maps are produced for the accelerator and spectrometer that holds the detectors and electron transport through the accelerator and spectrometer is analyzed using the finite element analysis software COMSOL, showing the validity of the design of the accelerator.


The paper investigates, by simulation, the change of parameters S11 and S13 among three rectangular microstrip resonators in a linear antenna array by changing the distance between them. The middle element is parasitical. This influence is investigated in the E- and H-planes with different values of the parameters (permittivity, /spl epsiv//sub r/, and thickness, h) of the dielectric substrate. In. the next investigation, diagonally placed patches are described. The results and physical processes of the electromagnetic mutual coupling are commented. Besides, they can be used as basic considerations in designing a microstrip antenna array. These results show the influence between two resonators. Besides, they can be used as basic considerations in the design and development of antenna arrays.


A brake is a device that applies artificial frictional resistance to a revolving disc in order to stop the vehicle from moving, the frictional heat created at the disc pad interface can cause high temperature during the braking period, thermal elastic stability(TEI), early wear, brake fluid vaporization (BFV), and thermally stimulated vibrations can caused by frictional heat produced on the rotor surface (TEV), better thermal stability materials will decrease these causes, we investigate the thermal and structural characteristics in this research by finite element software, the solid brake disc is made up of various materials such as titanium alloy, structured steel and gray cast iron, further we analyze the brake disc using ANSYS 16.0 and CATIA V5 is used to design the model of brake disc, for this project the heat flux calculation have been made by considering various parameters of material as well as vehicle, finally a comparison made between grey cast iron, titanium alloy and structural steel materials. With respect to equivalent stress, temperature distribution, deformation values. This paper involves selecting a best suitable material to design a brake disc which leads to better safety to passengers.


With the fast development of IC manufacturing technology,the diameter of silicon wafers trends to be larger in order to increase the yields of chips and reduce the cost per bit.The traditional craft of grinding is already unsuitable to the large diameter silicon wafers,thus replaced by surface grinding.In this paper,we have studied surface grinding of slicing wafers by experiment where a better surface status is obtained and the polishing remove and time are reduced.


A numerical model of displacement for a giant magnetostrictive actuator was founded. According to the model and the measured magnetic characteristic of giant magnetostrictive material, the relation between input current and output displacement for the actuator was calculated by means of the finite element method. A comparison between the calculating result and experimental one for the actuator was carried out and it was found that they were in agreement well. This demonstrates that the numerical model can be used for the design of giant magnetostrictive actuators.


A modified Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) design based on elliptical silica photonic nanowires is proposed and demonstrated numerically. The MZI is used as a highly sensitive evanescent field based refractive index sensor. By applying a full vectorial finite element method, single-mode operation, polarization maintaining and very high sensitivity are achieved by simply using 800 nm-elliptical silica nanowires. Using the highly-sensitive versatile interferometry technique, the phase shift from both arms is determined and consequently the specimen's information can be retrieved. The proposed sensor is used to determine the refractive index (RI) of NaCl solutions with different concentrations. The sensor is capable of detecting a refractive index variation of the order of 10-6 RI unit with a high sensitivity of 4.2 rad/μm.


Introduction Recently the nonionic surfactant Triton-X 100 (Rohm & Hass) has been used as an emulsifying agent for liquid scintillation counting of aqueous samples. Systematic studies of the composition of toluene/Triton/water for tritium and carbon-14 counting were reported by several investigators6). We have extended the studies to other members of surfactants which are domestically produced and pursued suitable mixtures for the counting of low level tritium in water. It was shown that mixing ratio of sample and scintillator, temperature, cooling duration, and methods of quenching correction were important valiables.


Coastal professionals recognize flooding, storms and tsunamis as hazards. Often the consequences of these dynamic hazards are exacerbated by coastal water levels at the arrival time of the flood, storm or tsunami waves. Factors that contribute to water level, such as tides or eustatic sea level are rarely considered themselves to be hazards. The scientific evidence is growing that sea level rise is accelerating beyond historic trends and, extreme eustatic change of several meters might itself be considered a hazard. To understand the role of sea level change as a hazard, it is important to consider overall dynamics of water level along the coast from global to local scales. Effective response to this hazard should include am awareness of how localized water level variability has traditionally been incorporated into coastal engineering and management, and the implications of future variability for traditional and innovative approaches.


Efforts to improve the productivity of the U.S. health care system have proceeded slowly. One potential explanation is the fragmented payment system, which creates issues of common agency when multiple payers seek to influence the same set of health care providers. To better understand how the presence of many payers could lead to suboptimal investment in performanceraising interventions, we exploit a randomized trial that sought to change physician practice styles in the Medicare program and study its effects on private insurance. The intervention was a warning letter to primary care physicians that aimed to curtail overprescribing of antipsychotics, and it did not directly target private insurance. Physicians reduced prescribing to privately insured patients by 12% and to Medicare patients by 17%; we cannot reject onefor-one spillovers. Private insurance cutbacks were larger for older patients, suggesting that physicians used age as a proxy for Medicare status. Given that the intended shock was tailored to public insurance, our results imply that physicians experience large costs to differentiating practice styles across payers. We discuss the implications of our findings for the welfare impacts of public interventions that seek to raise the productivity of health care and other sectors. JEL Classification: H44, I13, I18


A review of faint galaxy counts and redshift surveys points to a scientic opportunity for the Gran Telecopio Canarias (GTC) to answer a basic question about galaxy formation: How and when did mass assemble? We argue that the key to answering this question is by focusing on the \faint-end" of the galaxy luminosity function out to at least z = 2. This can be exploited with a concerted eort starting with deep counts in the optical and near infrared, followed with near-infrared multiobject spectroscopy, and completed with integral eld spectroscopy employing adaptive optics.


Recent advances in chemistry and technology of nonisocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) materials based on cyclic carbonate oligomers are reviewed in this paper. Reaction of the cyclic carbonate and amino groups results in β-hydroxyurethane fragments with specific properties. Primary attention is given to the hybrid materials that contain epoxy and acrylic compounds, especially materials based on renewable raw materials. Hybrid organic composites comprising of silanes are also considered. An overview of the recent publications in this field is provided with a more detailed description of achievements by the authors and their corporate employees. The use of NIPU materials as coatings, adhesives, and foams is described.


Background: Sleep disorders and burnout can affect job performance (efficiency, productivity, task execution speed, patient supervision) and job satisfaction. The aim of the study was to investigate relationships between sleep quality and daytime sleepiness, burnout and job performance in nurses with and without shift-work.
Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted from March till May 2018 across 10 wards in one single Belgian hospital. Validated questionnaires were used to assess insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index, ISI), daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, ESS), shift work related sleep problems (Shift Work Sleep Questionnaire, BSWSQ), burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory) and job performance (Job Performance Scale).
Results: Out of 226 eligible candidates, 175 nurses completed the questionnaires (response rate: 77.43%, female: n=149 (85.1%), age: range 20-65 years). The majority performed shift work in a rotation schedule (n = 119, 68 %), 45 (25.7%) nurses only did day shifts and 11 nurses (6.3%) exclusively performed nightshifts. Insomnia according to ISI criteria was detected in 38.3%. Almost half of the sample (n=84, 48%) had symptoms of daytime sleepiness (ESS > 10), whereas 9.1% (n=16) used sleep medication (according the PSQI item probing this dimension). Increased risk for burnout was observed in 32% (n=56) of the nurses; 16.6% (n=29) had a clinical burnout. Sleepiness was significantly correlated with burnout (r=0.31, p<0.01).
Discussion: A positive correlation between sleepiness and burnout was documented in nurses. Female gender and burnout were significantly associated with insomnia, while working a long cycle shift pattern and experiencing daytime dysfunction were significantly associated with burnout. A significant negative association was observed between patient‐related burnout and job performance. Insomnia and sleep deprivation can negatively impact on patient safety, which can lead to increases in medical incidents and errors.
Conclusions: Specific characteristics of shift work can directly affect sleep characteristics and burnout and indirectly job performance in nurses which can have an important impact on patient safety.


Current diagnostic imaging modalities of the thyroid gland cannot reliably distinguish benign from malignant lesions, primarily because of their inability to visualize microscopic structure. A high‐resolution imaging technique capable of examining thyroid tissue architectural morphology in real time is needed. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been shown to achieve high resolutions approaching the cellular range (1–15 μm). The feasibility of optical coherence tomography for imaging thyroid tissue was explored ex vivo on the human thyroid gland.


A light-driven bistable device was fabricated using nematic liquid crystal (NLC) cells with bare glass and perfluoro-polymer (CYTOP) surfaces. The CYTOP surface induces a discontinuous anchoring transition, when a particular NLC (CCN-47) is introduced into the cells. By doping CCN-47 with a small amount of photoisomerizable azo-dendrimer molecules, the bare glass surface serves as a command surface, since the azo-dendrimer is spontaneously adsorbed on the surface. Using hybrid cells with such different surfaces, a homeotropic orientation was successfully converted to a hybrid orientation by very weak ultraviolet-light irradiation. Because of the bistability at a CYTOP surface, the hybrid orientation is retained.


Power load forecasting is always one of the most important research focuses in power systems, which can assist power companies to optimize dispatching and reduce cost. The artificial intelligence models represented by neural network are widely used with the increasing demand of prediction accuracy. However, the potential characteristics of load series cannot be well captured based on single artificial intelligence model. To solve the problem, a CNN-LSTM hybrid model is proposed to further explore characteristics information contained in power load sequence. This model applies convolution layer of CNN to capture the features of power load data and makes power load forecasting using unique cellular structures of LSTM. This hybrid model is verified based on historical power load data acquired from Shanghai and Belgium. The prediction accuracy of CNN-LSTM outperforms other compared forecasting models after the observation of simulation results.


The paper presents a review of a comparative study of two separate techniques for obtaining important frequency and time domain characteristics of a system consisting of a process in series with a PI/PID controller in closed loop. The first technique involves the use of a Pseudo Random Binary Sequence (PRBS) to obtain the closed loop frequency response of the system. This closed loop frequency information may then be manipulated to obtain both open loop frequency response information and process model parameters. A further mathematical simulation using Matlab may then be performed independent of the actual process in order to obtain important time domain characteristics of the system such as rise time, settling time and overshoot. The second technique is a relay-based method described in [1], which may be used to obtain the open loop frequency response of the system. In this case, it is the open loop frequency response information that is manipulated in order to obtain closed loop frequency response information and process model parameters.


There is currently much concern over why the issue of contact with children after divorce or separation is so difficult for parents and for the legal system, and why disputes over contact seem so hard to resolve. There are also questions over whether court orders are effective as there is a lack of information on, and understanding of, the management of these conflicts. There has been a particular concern that disputes over contact have not diminished, notwithstanding the aim of the Children Act 1989 to reduce conflict between parents. The fact that this has not happened has led to questions about whether there is something more fundamental about these disputes between parents. The aim of this study was to bring some clarity into this picture so that as new policies develop they are based on a better understanding of the cases that come to court. The current Volume of the Report is based on the first two stages of the study, examining the cases that are brought to court and how these are processed by the courts. The second Volume will examine how well the outcomes of these court cases 'work' for the families involved.


Purpose: In recent years, a new wave of teacher-led political action has erupted resulting in work stoppages in several states across the United States. This study examines how superintendents navigated this Red for Ed movement in two representative states. Methods: Framed as a multisite, embedded case study, we drew from public documents and semistructured interviews with superintendents. We took a deductive approach to data analysis, seeking analytic generalization to the theoretical frameworks adopted herein. Findings: Red for Ed-motivated teacher job actions did create a political dilemma for superintendents. Superintendents addressed the dilemma by utilizing the roles of business manager, instructional leader, and politician as expressed through symbolic politics including assigning responsibility and vaguely supporting the Red for Ed cause. Superintendent responses are consistent with isomorphic tenants of sociological institutionalism. Implications: Considering the modern superintendency's political nature, superintendents might benefit from preparation in political strategy and tactics.


The field element of the US Army Research Lab (ARL) at Fort Huachuca, Arizona is concerned with the manning required to operate the close-range Tactical Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (TUAV). The operational requirements of the TUAV operators may include extended duty days, reduced crew size and varying shift schedules. These conditions are likely to reduce operator effectiveness due to fatigue. The objective of the study was to analyze how fatigue, crew size, and rotation schedule affect operator workload and performance during the control of a TUAV. The conclusions from executing the models indicate that reducing the number of operators currently recommended for the control of TUAVs results in: 1) 33% more aerial vehicle (AV) mishaps during emergencies, 2) a 13% increase in the time it takes to search for targets, and 3) an 11% decrease in the number of targets detected. Over 400 mission scenario replications of the model were executed allowing statistically reliable predictions to be made of the effect of operator fatigue on performance. Discrete event simulation (DES) models may provide a cost effective means to estimate the impact of human limitations on military systems and highlight performance areas needing attention.


In this paper we analyze the self-* properties in the collective systems with respect to its relationship with other concepts like emergence and propagation, then we will consider the manipulations that should be made in order to make the MAPE-K loop compliant with the characteristics of collective systems.


Sometime between now and 1991, the international community will have to consider creating a new legal regime for Antarctica. Until recently, the "cold continent" and its legal regime were the concerns of a few scientists, fishermen, and legal specialists. Now, with new information on the extent of Antarctic resources, concern that present supplies of raw materials, fuels, and food are limited, and improvement of cold weather extraction technology, a broader group of policymakers, entrepreneurs, scientists, and environ-mentalists are paying attention to Antarctica. Experts now believe that exploratory drilling for offshore oil and natural gas is only a decade away. Though commercial extraction is farther in the future, and commercial exploitation of land-based minerals is unlikely in the next thirty years, speculation about Antarctica's natural wealth has aroused wide interest. There remain formidible obstacles to all these activities, but recent work in the oceans suggests that these plans might materialize earlier than now expected, and that a legal regime capable of dealing with resource activities should be in place before they begin.


Book reviewed in this articles. By Northern Lights. On the Making of Geography in Sweden. Anne Buttimer and Tom Mels. Violent Geographies: Fear, Terror, and Political Violence. Derek Gregory and Allan Pred (eds). Travels in Paradox: Remapping Tourism. Claudio Minca and Tim Oaks (eds). Preservation, Tourism and Nationalism. The Jewel of the German Past. Joshua Hagen. Alexander von Humboldt: A Metabiography. Nicholaas A. Rupke.


The increasingly prominent new subset of Web pages, called 'blogs' differs from traditional Web pages both in characteristics and potential to applications. We explore three aspects of the blogista...


Medicare Drug Formulary Protection Act - Amends title XVIII (Medicare) of the Social Security Act to prohibit removal of covered part D (Voluntary Prescription Drug Benefit Program) drugs from a prescription drug plan formulary, or imposition of a restriction or limitation on the coverage of such a drug, during the plan year: (1) except at the beginning; or (2) for an individual enrollee, from the date of enrollment until December 31 of the immediately succeeding plan year. Specifies exceptions to such prohibition. Requires an annual notice to enrollees of changes in formulary and other restrictions or limitations on coverage.


In the first years of the Soviet authority in the Bureau of Eugenics at the Russian Academy of Sciences the laws and conditions of the inheritance of talent and endowments were studied. In this connection, the author investigated interviews of some of the academic workers in this environment. The article is devoted to the brief description and the analysis of materials connected to this research and kept in the St. Petersburg branch of Archive of the Russian Academy of Science.


The oil and gas industry involves latent risks which are considered as one of the most severe consequences. This circumstance mainly due to the existence of intrinsic hazards involved. As part of process safety management, past incidents analysis should be performed to eliminate the potential of significant accident occurrence. It is crucial to identify the root cause of the incidents. This research discloses the degree of importance of causal factors in contributing to an incident. The methodology based on regression analysis and path analysis is performed to identify the degree of importance of incident causes. A case study is performed at Andals Oil of Indonesia to demonstrate the most significant factor leading to an incident. As the baseline for this research, incident data are gathered from Andals Oil's database during 2006 – 2018. The statistics describe the most frequent type of incident that occurs during the oil and gas field operations. Three major root causes in the oil and gas industry are evaluated: 1. Organizational system factor; 2. Job factor leading to unsafe working conditions; 3. Human-behavioral factor. Based on the regression analysis and path analysis, it is concluded that the number of High potential incidents is directly affected by Job factor leading to unsafe condition and Human-behavioral factor. Although the Organizational system factor may not significantly affect the number of High potential incidents, this factor still directly engenders unsafe working condition by affecting variable Job factors.


This study aims at investigating the correlation between the employees' organizational culture and their productivity in Iran Khodro Co. This research is applied in terms of objective and descriptive-correlative according to the method. The statistical population consists of all employees in Iran Khodro Co. (N =26000); the research data is collected through both Robbins's organizational culture questionnaire (2005) and the scale productivity of ACHIEVE model. They have content validity and their reliability is obtained equal to 0.97 for organizational culture and 0.92 for productivity through Cronbach's alpha. Kerjcie and Morgan table and the simple random sampling are utilized to determine the statistical sample (n=310). The data analysis through regression test and SPSS software indicates that there is a significant correlation between the employees' organizational culture and their productivity in Iran Khodro Co. Furthermore, this research confirms the correlation between seven components, namely, the employees' individual creativity, ambiguity tolerance, control system, reward system, communication model, management relations, and individual creativity with their productivity in Iran Khodro Co.


By analyzing the creative motivation and the text of Frog by Mo Yan,the paper firstly studies the writing characteristics of his previous works and the collection of his sayings before the new novel so as to read the novel in a more rational point of view.Secondly,it goes over the story and text in order to trace back to the original creation point and explore the deeper meaning of Frog.


Enterprise Wireless Fidelity implementations have complicated requirements for Authentication, Authorization, Accounting (AAA) and detection of unauthorized access. Recent incidents show that unsecured implementations invite severe risk to enterprise network and data (especially for financial and critical sectors). In this paper a secure implementation is proposed which addresses most of the possible threats in enterprise arena. The system is based on IEEE 802.1X port based NAC. The System is having Authentication, Authorization and Accounting/Auditing Features.


The Convention of Liability for Maritime Claims 1976 (1976 LLMC), as amended by the Protocol of 1996, is a convention designed primarily to limit liability for shipowners for maritime accidents involving (i) personal injury and loss of life claims and (ii) property damage claims. Recent amendments t...


Objective: To develop an appropriate tracing method for transplanted marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MMSCs) in vivo.Methods: MMSCs of rats were isolated from bone marrow and purified by adherent culture in vitro,and the cell membrane's marks were detected with flow cytometer.Cultured cells were transfected with expressing plamid of pEGFP-C1 mediated by lipofectamine,and transient expression was subsequently observed with fluorescent microscopy.Results: The expression of pEGFP-C1 was initially found in 24h after the transfection,reached peak in 48~72 h,and remained strong express for 12~14 more days.Conclusion: Lipofectamine mediated transfection can make pEGFP-C1 expressed in MMSCs safely and effectively,which shows that it is an ideal method for stem cell tracking.


Sheet metal is one of the most important semi-finished products used in the steel industry, and sheet metal forming technology is therefore an important engineering discipline within the area of mechanical engineering. Sheet metal forming is essentially change of a level sheet metal into a result of wanted shape without imperfection like crack or extreme confined diminishing. In sheet metal forming processes the evaluation of strains by circular grid analysis is obtained through circular grid marking, which has been effectively to solve the problems in metal forming. At the point when sheet metal is shaped, its surface is subjected to various anxieties. This outcomes into non uniform strains to be produced in the shaped part. Thus there will be regions of high strains as well as low strains, which may lead to wrinkling or fracturing of the material. The grid marking method can be easily identify the areas of high strain. The sheet metal is marked with grid before forming process is carried out. After sheet metal is deformed into desired shape, strain distribution can be visualized and critical areas of strain will be found by FLD (forming limit diagram). FLD indicates the limiting strains that sheet metal can sustain over a wide range of major to minor strains. FLD allows us to establish how severe a forming operation comparing the strains develops during forming operations to the limit strains plotted in the FLD. In fact, amid the outline of any new sheet metal part, FLD is utilized broadly to plan the last segment and tooling shape and to enhance the forming procedure parameters. In this study the forming process is carried out experimentally in three stages for copper sheet metal with rubber and without rubber to check the formability and calculated the major and minor strain values in every stage of forming. The strain values obtained for sheet metal forming with rubber and without rubber are compared in three stages. The major and minor strain values are calculated theoretically by Hill's Swift model and the results are compared with experimental results.


The process of pasture resources management in Western Kazakhstan is complicated by the deterioration of vegetation cover with the manifestation of degradation and desertification processes as a result of unsystematic grazing. The aim of the research is to study distant pasture grazing on the productivity of pastures for their rational use. Field experiments were carried out in 2018–2021 on the pastures of the semi-desert zone of the Western Kazakhstan region on the territories of the "Miras" peasant farm in the Bokeyurdinsky district. As experimental plots, 4 pastures were selected, used in different ways: unsystematic, seasonal and distant pastures. 3 pasture areas are located on the relief part of the semi-desert zone, and the distant-pasture area is located in the sandy part of Ryn-Peski. To study the influence of the methods of use on the productivity of pastures on the polygon areas, regular observations of the quantitative and qualitative parameters (projective cover, height, species composition, yield) of phytocenoses were carried out. The research allowed to prove the seasonal organization of pasture economy using the distant pasture. In the summer period, an increase in the number and occurrence of valuable pasture plants Kochia prostrata, Agropyron desertorum, Festuca valesiaca, Leymus ramosus, Koeleria cristata was noted on seasonal pastures. On the distant site of sandy pastures, 23 plant species of different economic and botanical groups have been determined, and due to the natural conditions of sands in the phytocenosis, the occurrence of valuable plants in the forage ratio was high. By the middle of summer, in the area of seasonal and distant pastures, despite the loss of forbs from the vegetation composition and drying of cereals, the yield of green phytomass was 8.09–10.25 c/ha, which is higher than in the area of unsystematic grazing by 4.28–6.44 c/ha. In this work, it was concluded that to improve the efficiency of pasture resource management, it is important to use seasonal pastures with the inclusion of a distant site in pasture rotation, which is the scientific novelty of the research.


This research aims to explore the thematic meanings of graffiti written on the walls and desks at secondary public schools in the Directorate of Education for the Qasabat Irbid District during the second semester of the academic year 2020/2021. The data comprise 207 written graffiti taken from different locations. Braun and Clarke's (2006) Thematic Analysis and Fairclough's (1995) Critical Discourse Analysis are adopted to account for the data thematically and linguistically. The findings of the study show that the qualitative and quantitative data fall into three main discourse themes: Religious, Political, and Emotional. Each one has been classified into subcategories accordingly. The results also show that the highest percentage of the discourse theme domains is related to the emotional one which constitutes the half of data. The lexical features indicate that the language of the graffiti is simple. Yet, it presents a complete thought. Languages and language variations are also identified.


This paper presents a novel data hiding scheme combing reversible, encryption mechanism and auxiliary syndrome. An original plain image is segmented into two parts. Then, with the aid of histogram shifting, the auxiliary syndrome generated from the first part subimage is embedded into the second part of the original uncompressed image and the encoded image is encrypted using an encryption key. After image encoding and encryption, message is embedded into the first subimage of cipher image and every pixel can load a bit of secret message. At the receiver side, using the encryption key and extracted auxiliary syndrome, the embedded data can be successfully extracted and the original image can be perfectly recovered.


A 32-year-old man complained of sudden onset chest pain but was unable to describe his pain in any detail or give any other information. He was distressed, unable to remain in one position for any length of time, and was rolling around his bed and onto the floor. Physical examination was not possible at first owing to lack of co-operation. The patient was sedated with 4 to 5 mg of intravenous diazepam with the remainder of the ampoule given intramuscularly. He became less distressed and was able to co-operate, complaining of central chest pain with tingling in the fingers of both hands. On examination the patient was not clammy, he was hyperventilating, his pulse rate was 100 beats per minute and his blood pressure was normal; there were no signs of cardiac failure. Arrangements were made for the patient to be transferred to a casualty department, but unfortunately he died before the arrival of the ambulance. Post-mortem investigations gave the following results. The heart weighed 430g; its configuration was normal and the chambers were in proportion. The myocardium was generally flabby in consistency, with early congestion of the anterior two-thirds of the intraventricular septum. There were numerous raised plaques of atheroma throughout both right and left coronary arteries; these were particularly prominent at the start of the circumflex branch of the left coronary


Objective: To investigate the effects of a recombinant endoglin-macrophage inflammatory protein 3α Fc-fusion protein (EM) vaccine on tumor angiogenesis and growth in mice with H22 hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: An in vivo hepatoma mouse model was established. Seven days after subcutaneous inoculation of H22 tumor cells, mice were randomly divided into four groups: EM, endoglin Fc-fusion protein, macrophage inflammatory protein 3α Fc-fusion protein, and normal saline groups. Tumor volume and survival rate of mice were studied at 3-day intervals. Microvessel density of the tumors and tumor cell proliferation were detected by immunohistochemistry, and tumor cell apoptosis was detected by TdT-mediated biotinylated-dUTP nick-end label staining. The number of CD11c and CD86 positive dendritic cells were detected by flow cytometry. Results: Compared with the other groups, the tumor volume became smaller, and the survival time was longer in the EM-treated group. Besides, microvessel density and cell proliferation index were significantly lower, while the tumor cell apoptosis index was significantly higher in the EM-treated group. Besides the number of CD11c and CD86 positive dendritic cells in EM- treated mice was larger than that in other groups. Conclusions: EM Fc-fusion protein could effectively inhibit tumor growth through inhibiting endoglin-related tumor angiogenesis and cell proliferation, promoting tumor cell apoptosis, and could induce a certain degree of antitumor immune responses.


This paper proposes two coupled-inductors-based Z-source networks, called the modified series and tapped switched-coupled-inductors quasi-Z-source networks (mSSCL-qZSN and mTSCL-qZSN, respectively). These networks offer high voltage gains with less-than-unity winding turn ratios $(n < {\text{1)}}$, resulting in a reduced inductive element size. Other advantages include a less number of active components and their lower ratings and a higher efficiency. In addition, a lower magnetic core size is required for the proposed ZSNs due to the lower peak magnetizing current. The performance principles and detailed comparative analysis are provided and confirmed through experiments on a 200-W dc–dc converter.


Given the interest earned recently by modern heritage structures, seismic assessment criteria of Eurocode 8, for ordinary reinforced concrete structures, are applied to a modern heritage RC building. The case study, the Tower of the Nations in Naples, allows a discussion on knowledge approaches, analysis methodologies and modeling choices that can be considered. Modal dynamic identification, in situ inspections, and testing provided the necessary knowledge of the structure. Linear and nonlinear models of the structure are built up accounting for tuff infills' stiffness and strength contribution. Numerical modal properties are compared with those obtained through dynamic identification. Lumped plasticity model for reinforced concrete elements and equivalent strut macro models for tuff and concrete infills are employed for the nonlinear model of the structure. Seismic assessment through nonlinear dynamic analyses is carried out for two Limit States. Finally, fragility curves through cloud analysis are obtained for the different limit states considered. Gerardo M. Verderame University of Naples Federico II, Italy Flavia De Luca University of Bristol, UK Gaetano Manfredi University of Naples Federico II, Italy


Neurosurgical resection is one of the few opportunities researchers have to image the human brain pre‐ and postfocal damage. A major challenge associated with brains undergoing surgical resection is that they often do not fit brain templates most image‐processing methodologies are based on. Manual intervention is required to reconcile the pathology, requiring time investment and introducing reproducibility concerns, and extreme cases must be excluded.


We present a model based approach to Search Based Software Engineering (SBSE). The approach is based on the Behavioral Programming (BP) paradigm where independent aspects of behavior are woven at run time using a simple interaction protocol. We propose to extend the behavioral programming execution mechanism with on-line heuristic search in program state space that allows programmers to develop non-deterministic programs while relying on a "smart" event selection mechanism to resolve non-determinism in a way that maximizes a specified heuristic function. The paper presents a new library that we have developed in Java and in JavaScript, using Rhino, to facilitate the proposed modeling approach and programming style. We give examples, in the context of a StarCraft game bot built with the library, that demonstrate how the proposed programming idioms can simplify the code and help build robust reactive systems. I. MOTIVATION AND BACKGROUND Search Based Software Engineering (SBSE) is an emerging field of research which aims to cope with the increased demand for functionality, scalability, and robustness of computer programs (and of reactive robotic systems in particular) using heuristic search mechanisms [1]. SBSE consists of automatic resolution (using search algorithms) of complex decisions that programmers model as optimization problems. There are many published papers in this area that describe various approaches within the software engineering research community [2], [3]. There are also reports that describe how SBSE has been successfully applied to solve problems in nearly all software development life cycle phases [4], [5]. The main challenge in SBSE is, of course, finding a good modeling technique that facilitates the search [6]. Despite the research activity in the area, search methods are practically used only in specific domains. Harman [2] reports, for example, that 54% of SBSE tools are used for testing purposes, an additional 11% for maintenance, and another 10% for project management. It seems that the main barrier that delays further adaptation of the technique is shortage in models for online search [6]. The goal of this this paper is to explore how SBSE can be made accessible to modelers and programmers of reactive systems, such as robotic applications and interactive game bots, as idioms that integrate with standard constructs in common modeling and programming languages. This allows for natural, powerful derivation from modeling languages (such as LSC [7], [8]) to code. Specifically, we aim at tools that facilitate the following software development methodology: 1) Code and/or derive from models the high-level specification of the system's behavior, using non-determinism to specify free choices in execution. 2) Run the system using an engine that resolves non determinism heuristically or synthesize deterministic code. 3) If unsatisfied with the execution's choices, extend the model by formalizing more refined requirements. 4) Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the behavior is satisfactory. The behavioral programming (BP) paradigm that we focus on in this paper is described in detail in Section II. BP extends and generalizes scenario-based programming which was introduced with the language of live sequence charts (LSC) [7], [8]. In addition to the refinement idioms that already exist in BP, which allow programmers to incrementally shape their software by adding modules that can both widen and narrow the set of possible behaviors of the system [9], we propose in this paper to allow BP based models to also contain specification of fitness criteria for the heuristic search function that can also be refined along the above development process. The idea of "smart" execution of scenario based specifications started in [10] and in [11] with proposals to apply, respectively, model-checking and planning algorithms for running a single super-step (the part of the run that spans between two consecutive external events) in LSC. We apply a similar mechanism in the context of a behavioral programming library embedded in an imperative programming language. Beyond running in a different setting, the main addition of our library, when compared to these earlier contributions, is that it runs the "smart" event selection mechanism at run-time, on real program code rather than on a model or specification, and that it can consider a horizon beyond a single super-step. II. BEHAVIORAL PROGRAMMING PRINCIPLES As presented in [12], a behavioral model consists of a set of independent behavior threads (b-threads for short). Each b-thread is a specification of a reactive machine that can be modeled, e.g., as a procedure in an imperative programming language. Together, the b-threads control the behavior of flow of the application via a synchronization protocol, as follows. When a b-thread reaches a point that requires synchronization, it waits until all other b-threads reach such synchronization points in their own flow. At synchronization points, each bthread specifies three sets of events: (1) requested events the thread proposes that these events be considered for triggering, and asks to be notified when any of them occurs; (2) waitedfor events the thread does not request these events, but only asks to be notified when any of them is triggered. The platform will not consider these events for triggering, unless given as external input to the system; and (3) blocked events the thread currently forbids triggering of these events. As shown in Figure 1, when all b-threads are at a synchronization point, a legal event (an event that is requested by at least one b-thread and is not blocked by any b-thread) is chosen. This chosen event is then triggered by resuming all the


In order to solve the problem of low transaction throughput in blockchain cryptocurrencies, many researches start from the consensus mechanism, while few researches on the broadcast mechanism of blockchain. Therefore, we propose an improved blockchain message broadcast mechanism based on distributed hash table (DHT). The scheme uses Kademlia protocol, the third generation DHT technology, to map the blockchain nodes to a Kad binary tree. Through the special broadcast algorithm design, the redundant messages and propagation delay existing in the blockchain broadcast are reduced, so as to reduce the blockchain fork and improve the transaction efficiency. By constructing a colored Petri net model of broadcast mechanism and comparing with simulation experiments, the effectiveness of the proposed method in improving the messages redundancy of blockchain network is proved.


SkePU is a C++ template library that provides a simple and unified interface for specifying data-parallel computations with the help of skeletons on GPUs using CUDA and OpenCL. The interface is also general enough to support other architectures, and SkePU implements both a sequential CPU and a parallel OpenMP backend. It also supports multi-GPU systems. Currently available skeletons in SkePU include map, reduce, mapreduce, map-with-overlap, maparray, and scan. The performance of SkePU generated code is comparable to that of hand-written code, even for more complex applications such as ODE solving. In this paper, we describe how to make SkePU tunable, by adding the mechanism of execution plans that can configure a skeleton so that, at run time, the predicted best suitable resource and platform is chosen automatically, depending on operand data sizes. We also discuss how the approach can be extended to provide a fully auto-tunable skeleton programming system, which is a work in progress.


A new method for modulating spectra by correlating source fluctuations is discussed. Potential advantages and limitations of this method are considered for both scalar and electromagnetic sources.


Sulphide and desulfovibro contained in production stream can corrode well pipes,rod strings and surface equipment seriously,especially when the oil field comes to its intermediary and later stage.Routine anti-corrosive agent adding has the limitations of drug fastness and huge amount.Biochemical technique replaces the past negetive method with the modern positive way.It can eliminate the sulphide while cut off living environment and conditions which comes to the goal of corrosion prevention.Field application shows that biochemical operation technique acquired a remarkable effect.It provides a reference method of corrosion prevention for the oil wells.


This study documents KORDI's experience of successfully deploying a deep ocean buoy for monitoring oceanic and atmospheric variabilities in the tropical western Pacific Ocea nsince May 2010. The primary focus of this study was to compare TRITON (big and old type) with m-TRITON (smaller and new type) buoys within the JAMSTEC's buoy management system. The objective of operating a KORDI buoy is to ascertain oceanic variability in the tropical western Pacific. We adopted a slack-line mooring type to observe water temperatures at six layers from surface to 400 m depth. However, we could not acquire satisfactory results due to lack of expertise in buoy management system. A new KORDI buoy has been developing, which has been modified from both buoys, and ARGOS-3 satellite system and a slack-type mooring line.


The need for specialised training in order to become a speech therapist was recognised in the early years of this century. By the late 1940s minimum syllabus requirements were set by the coordinating body of the profession, The College of Speech Therapists. One of these requirements was that all students be given a short course on the physics of sound. Now, 40 years on, entrance requirements for speech therapy training are considerably greater than they were in the 1940s-three A-levels with good grades, and preferably including a science, are frequent minimum qualifications. Furthermore, training is now exclusively to degree level in the 16 establishments in the UK and Eire. Few applicants in our experience, however, have even 0-level physics and fewer still have physics at A-level. Biology is the most commonly offered science. It is not surprising, then, to observe that most courses still have a physics-


The out‐dated intentionalistic assumptions manifest in Habermas's Theory of Communicative Action undermine a solution to the problem of order in action theory beyond utilitarianism. An analysis of his intersubjectivistic conception, which is based on the theory of the speech‐act, shows that the incompleteness of Habermas's linguistic turn is due to his attempt to revive the older Critical Theory's concept of critique. The claims for a scientifically well‐founded revival of a universal concept of reason ‐ which are asserted in this concept ‐ invalidate the intersubjectivistic paradigm in action theory and therefore obstruct the way to a de‐individualized formulation of the theory of social contract that avoids the paradox of utilitarian models.


OBJECTIVE To study the status of the distribution and drug resistance of Enterococcus in hospital,in order to further provide the effective reference for rational use of antibacterial and the prevention of Enterococcus in clinical therapy. METHODS The drug sensitivity and resistance of 201 strains of Enterococcus were determined by MicroScan WalkAway40 automatic microorganism system. RESULTS The highest incidence rate of Enterococcus was E. faecium (48.8%),the second was E. faecalis (37.3%),and the others were E. gallinarum (13.9%). The drug resistance of E. faecium was much higher than that of E. faecalis. CONCLUSIONS The most of Enterococcus infection is due to E. faecium,and there is a lot of difference for drug resistance in the strains of Enterococcus. It is necessary to rationally use antibacterials on the basis of the drug resistance,infection sites and grade of infection.