NOT THE "RED CZARATE": OLD-DAY RUSSIA VERSUS THE SOVIET UNION IN THE POLITICAL REFLECTION OF JÓZEF MACKIEWICZ
This article discusses Józef Mackiewicz's views on old Russia and the Soviet Union, attempting to answer the question of whether Mackiewicz saw in totalitarian communist rule a continuation of Russian self-government or a new type of political phenomenon. Unlike most Polish writers and activists of political circles, Mackiewicz does not agree with the thesis formulated by Jan Kucharzewski in his work Od białego tsaratu do czerwonego [From the White to the Red Czarate], that the face of Russia was unchangeable, independent of political changes. Answering the question whether communism was institutionally and mentally rooted in the former Russian statehood, Mackiewicz strongly disagrees. He claims that communism was a completely different phenomenon, transcending systemic differences, which is why calling it "a red czarate" is completely wrong. He consistently separates the concepts of self-government and communism, opposes the view that the Soviet Union was a continuation of tsarist Russia, and therefore rejects the treatment of communist captivity as another iteration of the national dispute between Poland and Russia.


(3aRS, 9aSR, 9bSR)-Octahydro-1H-furo[3',4':4,5]isoxazolo[2,3-a]pyridin-1-one (C 9 H 13 NO 3 ), (4aRS,10aRS,10bRS)-octahydro-1H,3H-pyrano[3',4':4,5]isoxazolo-[2,3-a]pyridin-1-one (C 10 H 15 NO 3 ), and (5aRS,11aRs,11bRS)-decahydro-1H-oxepino[3',4':4,5]isoxazolo[2,3-a]pyridin-1-one (C 11 H 17 NO 3 ), exo products of the reaction between 3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine 1-oxide and five-, six- and seven-membered α,β-unsaturated lactones, adopt, in the solid state, the preponderant conformation observed in chloroform or acetone solution. The perhydroisoxazolo[2,3-a]pyridine substructure presents a cis fusion when the lactone ring is five-membered and a trans fusion when it is six- or seven-membered. In the three compounds, the piperidine ring exhibits a more or less distorted chair conformation depending on the product. The lactone ring conformation involves a local pseudo twofold axis running through the carbonyl C atom (five-membered lactone) or through the midpoint of the C-C bond that joins the carbonyl group to the ring junction (six- and seven-membered lactones). On the other hand, the isoxazolidine ring shows an envelope conformation when the lactone ring is six- or seven-membered, whereas an intermediate conformation between the envelope and the half-chair is observed when the lactone is five-membered.


Word-based or 'alignment-free' sequence comparison has become an active area of research in bioinformatics. While previous word-frequency approaches calculated rough measures of sequence similarity or dissimilarity, some new alignment-free methods are able to accurately estimate phylogenetic distances between genomic sequences. One of these approaches is Filtered Spaced Word Matches. Herein, we extend this approach to estimate evolutionary distances between complete or incomplete proteomes; our implementation of this approach is called Prot-SpaM. We compare the performance of Prot-SpaM to other alignment-free methods on simulated sequences and on various groups of eukaryotic and prokaryotic taxa. Prot-SpaM can be used to calculate high-quality phylogenetic trees from whole-proteome sequences in a matter of seconds or minutes and often outperforms other alignment-free approaches. The source code of our software is available through Github: https://github.com/jschellh/ProtSpaM


Controlled energy distribution is desirable for structures subjected to severe earthquakes. EC8[1] prescribes (for steel structures) that reduced beam sections may behave like a fuse that protects beam-to-column connections against early fracture (cl. B.S.3.), provided that they can develop the minimum rotations specified. Unlike common steel structures, innovative types of seismic resistant steel frames have been proposed, with dissipative fuses, where only damage will occur. Fuses are designed to be easily replaced. They usually consist of steel hollow sections. In the present paper, used hollow beams, that had suffered strength degradation of more than 50% were filled with cement based repair mortar (fcd =35 MPa), forming concrete filled composite beams (CFCBs) and were retested, without any other kind of repair. CFCBs are reported to have demonstrated higher axial load capacity, better ductility performance, larger energy absorption capacity and lower strength degradation than conventional reinforced concrete and steel hollow section columns. This became apparent by the results or the tests achieved by the experiments; bearing capacity of fuse beam was practically restored to its initial value when the damaged side of the initial beam was subjected to tension, while it increased to about 2.5 times its initial value, when the damaged side is subjected to compression. Increase of energy dissipation per loading cycle was also remarkable (increase about 150%). Calculation of the stiffness of the fuse beam is performed, as it varies with the imposed displacement. Its effect on the eigenperiod of the main structure is discussed. The deformation limits that the cement based repair mortar has reached are calculated. Ideas for further research on the subject are proposed. 4270 Available online at www.eccomasproceedia.org Eccomas Proceedia COMPDYN (2017) 4270-4276 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Eccomas Proceedia. Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of COMPDYN 2017. doi: 10.7712/120117.5722.18233 Emmanouil Vougioukas, Stella Avgerinou and Konstantinos Theocharis


In order to provide the basic data for production and cultivation of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn. var.rubro-plenus and its comprehensive development and utilization, the contents of K, Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu,Zn, Cr, Ni were measured by the method of flame atomic absorption spectrometry(FAAS) in branches andleaves and flowers of Hibiscus rosa- sinensis Linn. var. rubro- plenus. The results showed that 10 elementsexisted in all the organs of the Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn. var. rubro-plenus. The order of the average contentwas: Ca>K>Na>Mg, Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>Cr>Ni. The content of the element was different among 17 parts of Hibiscus rosa- sinensis Linn. var. rubro- plenus. The average content of Ca, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in the Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn. var. rubro-plenus belonged to the normal content level of the elements in plants.The contents of Mg and K in the Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn. var. rubro-plenus. were relatively lower than thatin the general plants, but the content of the Cr was relatively higher than that in the general plants. In addition,some parts of the plant did not include Ni element.


Energy safety has been independently ensured although the facilities of gas, electricity, heat and so on are used in same premises and the causes of their accidents are co-related among them. In the paper we suggest a design and implementation of energy safety framework to guarantee a preventive energy safety that makes use of the signs of LPG/LNG accidents. The proposed preventive energy safety utilizes the correlation between gas explosions and the presence of electrical ignition sources and exploits IoT and prediction modeling technologies.


Amid many competing theories of ethnic conflict and different approaches to resolving ethnic tensions in post-conflict societies, this book offers a refreshingly broad and even-handed discussion of conflict in divided societies. The strength of the book is its broad scope and inclusive approach towards different and competing theories of ethnic conflict and peace building. It discusses in equal detail the causes of ethnic conflict, the evolution of conflicts themselves and international efforts to end them and varying approaches to post-conflict reconstruction. In doing so, it bridges an important gap between causes and responses to conflict. At the same time, the author argues convincingly that "the causes of ethnic conflict only partially shed light on the course and outcome of ethnic insurgency and civil war, and on peace making and peace implementation" (p. 34). By discussing causes and international responses to conflicts in three very different cases, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Northern Ireland and Israel/Palestine, the reader benefits from a broad comparative perspective. The case studies are rich and the description is thick, making explicitly the case for comparati ve study of ethnic conflict on the basis of detailed research rather than large, quantitative studies. Instead of making an argument for any particular theory of ethnic conflict or one approach to peace building, the book is synthetic and seeks to combine varying approaches into one comprehensive understanding of conflict. The strengths of the book are also its weaknesses. The synthetic approach to diverse theories runs the risk of insufficiently weighing the different and competing concepts of ethnic conflict. In discussing the causes of ethnic conflict, for example, the book notes four competing explanations: "ethnic hatred," manipulative elites, security dilemma and economic causes. By stating that "[t]hese theories have their proponents and critics, and an abundance of case studies and quantitative analyses has made for conflict results and interpretations that have not been sorted out" (p. 12) the author seems excessively non-committal in regard to theories of ethnic conflict. While the subsequent concept of framing combines elite theories with historical grievances, a more pronounced weighing of the competing theories would have been useful. The concept of framing itself is a useful tool for understanding the rise of nationalism in divided societies and builds on Anthony Oberschall' s earlier work on ethnic conflict where he has distinguished in greater detail between the "normal frame" and "crisis frame," which is invoked by elites on the basis of pre-existing historical memory. The weakness of this approach lies in the lack of explanatory power for the "why?" and "when?" of the emergence of the crisis frame. When elites invoke this motive with success might be intuitively clear, but could be developed with greater clarity. In addition, the approach assumes implicitly the existence of ethnic groups as a distinct social reality in divided societies (p. 23). However, as Oberschall himself elucidates in the study of Bosnia and Herzegovina, group identity in large parts of Yugoslavia was


ethnographic documents into the existing literature, and provide basic historical context for late nineteenth-century Cumberland Sound. Information is lacking, however, on how Peck's work fit within the Church Missionary Society, and how his journals fit within their genre. The papers of Peck's fellow missionaries are used to fill in gaps in the record, not as a basis of comparison. While the book includes a basic map of Cumberland Sound, many of the places Peck mentions are not on it. As this book is surely a starting point for future studies, I also wished for a more thorough index, and an annotated bibliography of available sources on Peck and the Blacklead Island mission. These omissions are minor ones. Scholars of this period of mission history, Inuit history, or arctic history should read these texts, which contain plenty of information about religious practices, Inuit reactions to Christianity, gender in Inuit society, the compounded effects of disease and malnutrition, the daily lives of both missionaries and Inuit, and the declining whaling economy. Sections of this compendium – particularly the documents based on Inuit testimony – could be assigned in classes on Aboriginal history, environmental history, religious history, and the history of the Canadian North. Laugrand, Oosten, and Trudel are to be commended for making Peck's extraordinarily rich collection easily accessible. KAREN ROUTLEDGE Rutgers, State University of New Jersey


Abrasive and/or refractory products comprising at least one compound from the group of oxynitrides of one or more metals or metalloids (such as Al, Mg, alkaline earth metals, Si, Ti or Zr) and obtained by melting and solidification.


The goal of this study is to design a novel framework incorporating deep-learning techniques and wearable sensors to recognize manual distractions during driving. Manual distraction is defined as hands off the wheel for any reason (e.g. trying to get a cell phone). In this preliminary study, participants were tasked to drive in city street and highway scenarios in a driving simulator. Verbal instructions prompted participants to perform various manual distraction tasks. The motion of driver's right wrist during driving was recorded by a wearable inertial measurement unit. A deep-learning technique called convolutional neural network (CNN) was then constructed and trained based on 72% of the experiment trials, and evaluated by the remaining 28% of trials. The results indicated that the convolutional neural network is able to recognize the type of manual distraction task based on the right wrist motion with 87.0% accuracy and F1-score of 0.87. The results indicated that there is a good potential to apply deep-learning techniques and wearable sensing to monitor driver's inattention status.


Preface Overviews and General Histories Bibliography and Historiography Participant Accounts Biographies The Hoover Administration The Roosevelt Administration The Economy Society Regional, State, and Local Affairs Thought and Culture Constitutional and Legal Foreign Relations Aftereffects Author Index


The purpose of this study is to analyze analyze the effect of the marketing environment, innovation, and social media on the development of MSMEs with marketing strategies and competitive advantage as intervening variables and the effect of applying the AIDA model . The population in this study were Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises owners, where respondents were owners of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in the city of Semarang. The number of samples used was 150 respondents. The method of data collection is done through a questionnaire method. This study uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis techniques using the AMOS 24 analysis tool. The results of this study indicate that the marketing environment has a positive and significant effect on marketing strategy, innovation has a positive and significant effect on marketing strategy and competitive advantage, social media has a positive and significant effect on competitive advantage, marketing strategy has a positive and significant effect on the development of MSMEs, and competitive advantage bar positive and significant impact on the development of MSMEs.


An electro-luminescence pixel, an EL(Electro-Luminescence) panel having the pixels, and a method and a device of driving the panel are provided to extend a lifetime of the EL panel by alternatively driving two TFTs in driving and refresh modes. First and second TFTs(Thin Film Transistors)(MT11,MT21) open signal paths for OLEDs(Organic Light Emitting Diodes), respectively. A controller complementarily supplies first and second control voltages, such that the first and second TFTs are complementarily forced into driving and refresh modes, respectively. During the driving mode, the signal paths are opened. During the refresh mode, operation characteristics of the TFTs are restored. The controller includes first and second control nodes(CN1,CN2) and first and second capacitors(Cst1,Cst2). The control nodes are connected to gate electrodes of the TFTs. The capacitors are connected to the control nodes, respectively.


The purpose of this research was to examine the efectivity of
communication between teacher and their student in pre-school age in PAUD
Melati Trisula Sidoarjo. It was about the maximilities of golden age that happen
once in a life. The communication talked about building morality in a good way.
There were many difficulty to reach that goal in reality, and it was the way we
found that way out. The step of make a good communication on it.
There were 5 laws to make an efective communication; respect, emphaty,
audible, clarity and humble. The mixed of them all would make an efective
communication. Efective communication was a condition between comunicator
that could be deliver a message to and comunicant that understanding the message
and did that content of message.
The object of this study was children in age 3-4 years old. They were in a
perfect time to communicate with people and learn about morality.
In fact emphaty had bigger part than others to make an efective
communication, without that law another law could not be applicated in any
condition.
Key Words : Efective Communication, Morality Learning, Child in a pre-school
age, PAUD.


Genetic Diversity of Darnel (Lolium temulentum L.) in Malo, Ethiopia Depends on Traditional Farming Systems. Economic Botany 58(4):568–577, 2004. Darnel (Lolium temulentum L.) is a mimic weed associated with wheat and barley cultivation. Mimic weeds have evolved along with cultivated crops. Human impact on the genetic diversity of agricultural weeds was elucidated using darnel as a model. Three strains in each field in Gaitza village, Malo region, Ethiopia were randomly sampled, and the genetic composition of 120 samples was analyzed using RAPD analysis. Genetic diversity and distances were calculated using Nei's analysis, and cluster analysis was performed. These results indicated the occurrence of seed migration among the fields and a high genetic diversity of darnel in this region. Crop seed exchange and contamination of crop seeds with darnel seeds lead to the unintended artificial gene flow of darnel. Because darnel seeds and seedlings resemble their associated crop seeds and seedlings, traditional methods of crop cultivation have the unintended consequence of conserving the genetic diversity of darnel.


To explore the adoption of ultrasound imaging diagnosis based on deep learning of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in the treatment of central precocious puberty (CPP) by gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa), ultrasound imaging based on CNN was utilized to treat CPP. (e bone age, uterine and ovarian volume, and breast development of incomplete precocious puberty (IPP) group and CPP group were observed and recorded. (e peak values of luteinizing hormone (LH) and folliclestimulating hormone (FSH) were measured. (e uterine and ovarian volume before and after GnRHa treatment of CPP were compared. (e results showed that the bone age (9.03± 1.07), uterine volume (2.37± 1.52), ovarian volume (2.36± 0.82mL), and breast development of the CPP group were considerably higher in contrast to the IPP group and control group (P< 0.05). (e LH peak (11.97± 5.63) and FSH peak (12.89± 3.15) of the CPP group were substantially higher relative to the IPP group (P< 0.05).(e uterine volume (1.06± 0.42) and ovarian volume (1.12± 0.49) after treatment were inferior to those before treatment (P< 0.05). In short, ultrasound images based on deep learning could diagnose precocious puberty, which could also provide a certain basis for GnRHa treatment of CPP, as well as an important basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of precocious puberty.


psycbiatrists concerned the adoption of authoritarian attitudes which are not part of their usual roles. Although we hope that this approach will be more widely used, and that further studies may help us to understand it more fully and to plan the most economic and effective way of applying it, we urge that this should only be done where the staff concerned can have the closest supervision and fullest support. The line between firm but sympatlhetic control and unpleasant and inhumane bullying is a thin one indeed and all too easy to cross when one has devoted a lot of time and energy to a patient who relentlessly and monotonously pursues an unchanging course.


Diseases of the nose, throat, ear, head, and neck , Diseases of the nose, throat, ear, head, and neck , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز


The microwave spectrum of vinylindene chloride has been observed and analyzed. The molecular parameters have been determined to be d CCI =1.727A and \(\angle\text{Cl C C}{=}123\)°10' on the assumption of d CC =1.32A, d CH =1.07A and \(\angle\text{H C C}{=}120\)°. The quadrupole coupling constant along the bond direction has been found to be -78.7 Mc together with the asymmetry parameter η=0.12, for Cl 35 . The five percent double bond character of C Cl bond estimated from the quadrupole data is consistent with the value of six percent estimated from the bond length.


With the newly-revised specifications concerning road construction adopted, it is very significant to correctly understand the new specifications and to accurately choose design ap- proaches and parameters. From the construction norms and codes such as "Specifications for De- sign of Highway Sub-grades (JTJ013-95)", "Specifications of Cement Concrete Pavement Design for Highway(JTJ012-94) ","Specifications for Design of Highway Asphalt Pavement(JTJ014-97 )", the author gives a great deal of consideration to some totally-changed or seemingly fuzzy concepts and parameters like the selection of value and conception of sub-grades earth's density and the value about the modulus of resilience of quasi-rigid sub-grades. The paper also discusses the re- lationship between traffic volume and accumulated load.


The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants poses greater challenges to the control of COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we parallelly investigated three important characteristics of seven SARS-CoV-2 variants, including two mink-associated variants, the B.1.617.1 variant, and the four WHO-designated variants of concerns (B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, and B.1.617.2). We first investigated the ability of these variants to bind and use animal ACE2 orthologs as entry receptor. We found that, in contrast to a prototype variant, the B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1 variants had significantly enhanced affinities to cattle, pig, and mouse ACE2 proteins, suggesting increased susceptibility of these species to these SARS-CoV-2 variants. We then evaluated in vitro neutralization sensitivity of these variants to four monoclonal antibodies in clinical use. We observed that all the variants were partially or completely resistant against at least one of the four tested antibodies, with B.1.351 and P.1 showing significant resistance to three of them. As ACE2-Ig is a broad-spectrum anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug candidate, we then evaluated in vitro neutralization sensitivity of these variants to eight ACE2-Ig constructs previously described in three different studies. All the SARS-CoV-2 variants were efficiently neutralized by these ACE2-Ig constructs. Interestingly, compared to the prototype variant, most tested variants including the variants of concern B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, and B.1.617.2 showed significantly increased (up to ∼15-fold) neutralization sensitivity to ACE2-Ig constructs that are not heavily mutated in the spike-binding interface of the soluble ACE2 domain, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 evolves toward better utilizing ACE2, and that ACE2-Ig is an attractive drug candidate for coping with SARS-CoV-2 mutations.


The bolster of a pressing or punching machine is provided with a hydraulic die lifter unit having a hydraulic system in itself, the die lifter unit including rollers adapted to allow a die to transport smoothly thereon, and being floatably fitted in a groove on the top surface of the bolster.


This paper presents a novel method for the recognition of ancient characters in historical documents. The method proposed is especially designed for degraded documents in which the character recognition based on state of the art methods is hard to achieve due to faded out ink, stain and background noise. The method proposed deals with such degradations by making use of the Dense SIFT features and the nearest neighbor distance maps. The maps encode the distances between the features of the documents and the training set. This results in local minima in the nearest neighbor distance maps which help in localization and recognition of characters in the documents. The experiments on three datasets show that the method proposed achieves a better character recognition performance compared to another method designed for similar historical documents.


The researcher believes that there is an absence and negligence in all of political parties platforms of sports importance as a human activity profitable community in these parties platforms and most of these platforms dealing with sports as a secondary and recreational activity through their view to juniors upbringing and youth cases and not as a main activity deserving concern and concentration and discussion of all community's groups , except the Party of Free Egyptians Party which has a clear vision and strategy that are consistent with the growing importance of sport at the national, regional and international levels, And also The researcher explained The contribution of sport in achieving the main axes of political parties.


SUMMARY Research background Barberry juice is a rich source of bioactive compounds and shows different health properties such as antioxidant and anticancer activities. Clarification, as the removal process of suspended material, is an important step in the production of fruit juice due to its significant effect on the appearance, flavour and commercialisation of juice. Pectinase is the most important enzyme applied in juice clarification that breaks down the pectin polymer structure and reduces the undesirable turbidity. Pectinase immobilisation is a way to overcome free enzyme drawbacks such as instability, high cost, the difficulty of recovery and recyclability. Also, continuous clarification process which is highly preferred in fruit juice industry is not possible without enzyme immobilisation. Experimental approach Pectinase enzymes were immobilised on the functionalised glass beads (glass bead with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane) by glutaraldehyde, polyaldehyde derivatives of pullulan and kefiran and the barberry juice was clarified in the batch and continuous processes in a packed bed reactor (PBR). Also, the effect of clarification on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of the barberry juice samples was evaluated. Results and conclusions The optimum conditions for clarification in the PBR were: flow rate 0.5 mL/min, temperature 50 °C and treatment time 63 min. Clarification led to a decrease in turbidity, pH, total soluble solid content, viscosity, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the juice samples. Also, this process increased the clarity, acidity, reducing sugar concentration and the lightness parameter of the barberry juice. The greatest effect of clarification on the studied properties of barberry juice was related to the pectinase immobilised by the polyaldehyde of kefiran in the continuous process and both new cross-linkers (polyaldehyde derivatives of pullulan and kefiran) immobilised the enzyme better than the common cross-linker (glutaraldehyde). Novelty and scientific contribution For the first time, barberry juice was clarified with pectinase immobilised by polyaldehyde derivatives of pullulan and kefiran and the obtained results showed that the pectinase immobilisation by these new cross-linkers was much more efficient than by the glutaraldehyde as a common cross-linker. These findings can be of use for an industrialised production of fruit juices.


A self-assembled two-dimensional (2D) film of tetra-phenyl-porphyrin-4-ferrocene molecules on Au(111) is studied by STM for the presence of intra- and intermolecular correlations in the configurations of the four-pendant ferrocenyl moieties. A statistical analysis of STS images exploits the Pearson's linear correlation coefficient derived from changes in the molecular electron density across lateral positions in the molecular network as a measure of the intra- and intermolecular coupling and/or conjugation between adjacent equivalent molecular components. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation shows that these electron density changes can be assigned to conformational changes of the ferrocenyl units of the molecules. The methodology presented here can be extended to measure correlations in other 2D systems.


Background. The number of maternal deaths from bleeding during and after caesarean section (BDACS) has increased in South Africa. Health-worker training and health-system strengthening are considered important prerequisites for improving maternal health outcomes. Objectives. To determine preparedness for, and health-system constraints to, safe caesarean section in southern Gauteng hospitals. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study in 15 hospitals. Data were collected by questionnaire from clinical heads of department in each hospital. Results. The 15 hospitals included 5 district hospitals, 7 regional hospitals and 3 central (university academic) hospitals. The number of deliveries per hospital ranged from 893 to 44 256 for 2013 - 2014, with a total of 201 314 births and 70 095 caesarean sections (34.8%). Despite similar numbers of births, there were 20 deaths from BDACS at regional hospitals and 6 at central hospitals ( p =0.008). Service delivery constraints included an unequal staff distribution between central hospitals and lower levels of care, as well as non-availability of essential drugs and a lack of surgical capacity to arrest severe haemorrhage at district and regional hospitals. Conclusion. The findings of this study reflect inequity in maternity services. Compared with central academic hospitals, district and regional hospitals are inadequately prepared for the management of complications from BDACS.


This article uses a multiple methods framework to interrogate notions of religious revival among Buddhists in the Russian republic of Kalmykia. Survey results indicate high levels of self-identification among Kalmyks as Buddhists, as well as general support for the notion that the religion has re-established its place in the public sphere in the post-Soviet period. This straightforward interpretation of religious revival is contested, however, in interviews with religious elites and focus group conversations. Interlocutors in these forums were more critical and more nuanced in their understanding of Buddhism's role in contemporary Kalmykia.


Ultra large ships have the advantage of scale economies, but whether they successfully getting into service depend on cargo flow, shipping distance, port efficiency and constraints, etc. The study constructs a two-objective model to determine the optimal ship size and sailings frequency and analyze the shipping economies of ultra large ships by minimizing shipping costs and inventory costs. The results show the Pareto optimal solutions of the two-objective model and optimal ship size and sailings frequency with respect to each level of inventory costs and shipping costs. The sensitivity analysis shows the optimal ship tends to be large as route flow increases. Furthermore, the economies and possibility of using ultra large ships tend to increase, as port efficiency improves, shipping distance increases, the ports of call decreases, or the relative costs of large ships decrease.


We address the problem of scaling the generation of plans in real-time to control the behaviors of several millions of Non-Player Characters (NPCs) in video-games and virtual worlds. Search-based action planning, introduced in the game F.E.A.R. in 2005, has an exponential time complexity managing at most several tens of NPCs per frame. A close study of the plans generated in first-person shooters shows that: (1) states are vectors of enumerated values, (2) both initial and final states can be totally defined, (3) actions are both post-unique and unary, (4) plans are totally ordered, and (5) actions occur only once in plans. (1) to (5) satisfy the Simplified Action Structure (SAS) linear time planning framework SAS-$\mathbb{T}_{1}$. We strengthen previous claims on this framework saying that the associated linear time algorithm $\mathbb{P}$ is capable of managing several millions of NPCs per frame by testing it on three new realistic benchmarks that are based on commercial video games.


The paper presents results of flight tests of aircraft control system SPS-1. The described control system has been created as a system improving aircraft's handling qualities. During tests several control algorithms were tested. Pilots rated aircraft's handling qualities and were ordered to point control system they liked the most. Additionally original methodology allowing to rate and compare aircraft's handling qualities was tested. It used pilot's workload factor and control's precision to rate aircraft's handling qualities.


It is necessary to operate the power system in interconnected mode with the development of renewable and non-renewable energy sources and increase in load demand. Bio fueled gas turbine plants as a form of renewable source can be operated along with other sources of generation but have to be properly connected and controlled to provide better performance when sharing a common load. This paper deals with load frequency control of single area multi source system consisting of hydro, thermal and gas turbine. When subjected to load change, the speed governor helps in controlling the frequency to its nominal value but secondary controller is required for fine tuning of frequency. Proportional integral (PI) controller is used in this work. Ziegler Nichols' (ZN), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Fuzzy Gain Scheduling (FGS) methods have been used for optimal tuning of secondary controller. FGS tuned secondary controller found to yield better performance.


Objective To compare the control efficacy of two trap, evaluating the advantage of two products and finding out a better one. MethodsThe effects were se en by using RPI and F tests. ResultsTwo group dates manifested FF 0 01 F 0 05 and the difference was 1% extreme significance level outdoors. Two group dates manifested F 0 01 FF 0 05 and the difference was 5% significance level indoors. Conclusion Hengke fly t rap was better than electric lamp. So Hengke fly trap was welcomed widely and should be further generalized.


Soybeans and meat are the most strategic food commodities and are very risky if it is fully entrusted to the mechanism of the free market. The point is, soy and meat commodities have a very central role in national food policy channels. One of the agricultural ministry targets for 2010 - 2014 is to increase food diversification, especially to reduce rice and wheat consumption. During 2010 - 2014, rice consumption is targeted to fall by 1.5% per year and balanced by increasing in consumption of tubers, animal foods, fruits and vegetables. On the other side, it is also strived to achieve a diverse, nutritious, balanced and safe food consumption pattern as reflected by the increase of Expected Food Pattern (PPH) scores from 86.4 in 2010 to 93.3 in 2014. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of the community in taking decision to buy food products from both tofu and meat sources and to analyze the key factors of consumer's willingness to buy tofu and meat by using multiple linear regression methods. The results of the study showedthat the characteristics of respondents in the research that affected the gender of respondents were women because married women were the decision makers in terms of household needs. The factors that affected the willingness of consumers to pay tofu were: taste, price and size. Meanwhile, thefactors that affected consumers' willingness to pay for meat were price and shape.


Disclosed is a polymer foam composite comprising a plural ity of hollow cells. Each cell is defined by a cell wall. A plurality of hollow particles are contained in the cell wall. The hollow particles have a diameter in the range of about 100 nm to about 4 um. The hollow portion of the hollow particle is filled with air, a fluorocarbon gas, a hydrocarbon gas, an inert gas or a mixture thereof. A process for manufacturing the polymer foam composite is also disclosed. A catalyst, a dis persant, a foaming agent, and hollow particles are added to a polyol to prepare a premixed polyol. Isocyanate is added to the premixed polyol to foam the premixed polyol and thereby form the polymer foam composite.


In preschools it is common that mathematics mainly focuses on how children learn mathematics through everyday activities, or on children´s understanding of mathematical concepts. However, views on ...


Copartners,as a kind of nongovernmental traditional economic system,has been legalized in Taiwan,but it winds its way on a road of lopsided development in Mainland of China.Currently,it must be made legitimate in order to boost economic development, maintain social stability, reinforce socialist legal construction,and to deep financial reform so that the competitive consciousness and operating efficiency of banks in Mainland can be increased.The prime cause of discommenders is debatable.In fact, the legislation of Copartners in China is feasible.


A liquid/gas two-phase flow (liquid contains undissolved gas) can be found in a wide range of pump applications, especially in chemical industries, off-shore oil production and nuclear reactors. It is well known that the performance of single stage centrifugal pumps decreases rapidly under liquid/gas two-phase flow conditions. The consequences of entrained gas depend on the relative amount of gas and liquid present, and vary from a slight deterioration on performance up to complete blockage known as "gas locking". Before gas locking occurs, other phenomena such as pump head degradation, surging and "gas blocking" take place. For two-phase flow applications of centrifugal pump the influence of the entrained gas on pump behaviour must be predictable. This is a hard task due to the complexity involved in modelling multiphase flow inside turbomachines. An accurate prediction of the performance for any pump handling liquid/gas mixture is still a problem today. This paper reports on a research project, carried out at the Pfleiderer-Institute for Turbomachinery, Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany. The purpose of this project is to get a better understanding of the physical background of the two-phase flow behaviour of the centrifugal pumps by measuring the static pressure on the impeller blade surfaces and by optical observation under varying two-phase flow conditions. The results will also be used to validate a numerical code, which is developed in a related research project. The project is focused on two centrifugal pumps, one scaled down from the other, having the same low specific speed number ns = 27. The pumps are operating under variable two-phase flow conditions. Air and water were used as working fluids. Flow structures within the pump impeller and the overall pump performance are investigated by numerical simulation and experiments. One impeller blade of the pump is equipped with eight KULITE® sub-miniature pressure transducers. The pressure signals either from blade suction or blade pressure side are transmitted by a telemetric system - this measurement technique is implemented the first time for a gas/liquid two-phase pumping project.


Low-density parity-check (LDPC) coded massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) scheme is getting increasingly popular and sophisticated in today's wireless communication systems, since it can highly improve the spectral efficiency, data rates, and error performance. In this paper, a novel iterative detection and decoding (IDD) method for LDPC-coded massive MIMO systems is proposed. Based on successive over relaxation (SOR) MIMO detection, LDPC decoding process is carried out after every detection iteration when applying IDD method. In other words, SOR detection iteration and LDPC decoding iteration are executed serially in every IDD iteration. With this method, the error performance is highly improved. When BER = 4×10−4, the proposed IDD method can achieve more than 5 dB gain compared with non-IDD method. Details of simulation, computational complexity, and hardware implementation are also shown in this paper.


We have performed a series of 10 ns Molecular Dynamics simulations of the sodium octanoate micelle in aqueous solution in the constant NpT ensemble, at p = 1 bar and T = 300 K. Two molecular topologies were studied, one with all internal degrees of freedom and the other constraining bond stretching and angle bending degrees of freedom. Two Lennard-Jones parameters for sodium ions, namely the OPLS and ° Aqvist parameters, were used. The results show an artificial enhancement of stable sodium bridges between octanoate anions when the OPLS parameters for sodium are used. The ° Aqvist parameters give a micellar structure in good agreement with experimental and thermodynamical evidences. It is also observed that the aggregation of monomers is strongly dependent on the molecular topology. When the ° Aqvist parameters were employed, the model system without constraining geometry had one dissociated monomer after 10 ns, while the model system with bond length and bond angle constraining had five dissociated monomers after a 10 ns trajectory.


A new opto-acoustic cell using a piezoelectric polymer (PVDF) is described. The advantages of the such cell is the simplicity of use and a very low cost in obtaining an opto-acoustic measurement system. The detection of 254 pg/cm 3 of Rhodamine 6 G has been achieved with an argon laser


Within the framework of a polar model, the possibility of rearranging the electronic structure of a narrow-energy-band crystal, with a sufficiently large quasi-Coulomb electron repulsion energy on different lattice sites, into a charge-ordered state (a state of maximum polarity) has been investigated. The spectra of current and currentless (exciton) excitations have been found to simple approximations and the high-frequency conductivity in the maximum-polarity state has also been calculated. The electric and magnetic properties of the solid in this state have been considered qualitatively and the possibility of its detection and study by experimental methods has been analysed.


Current trends such as cloud computing, smartphones, and the Internet of Things are creating a growing need for security that will be provided by cryptography. As a result, developers are now required to implement cryptography without necessarily developing the expertise needed to do it securely, which will give rise to automated cryptographic analysis.


Tribological properties of a composite mixture based on copper nanoparticles and nanolamellar tungsten disulfide powder have been studied. SEM of copper nanoparticles produced by electrical explosion of wires was analyzed. The tribological tests of pure tungsten disulfide and composite WS2-Cu lubricant are performed. Possible mechanism of copper influence to tribological properties of tungsten disulfide was discussed.


Automated Picture Taking care of (Plunge) is the technique of cutting edge pictures using
distinctive PC estimations. This electronic picture getting ready has been used in number of zones, for instance,
structure affirmation, remote distinguishing, picture sharpening, concealing and video taking care of and
clinical. This paper shows a brief outline and composing review of modernized picture planning techniques, for
instance, picture pre-taking care of, picture pressure, edge distinguishing proof and division.


WITH THIS ARTICLE I CONTINUE THE SERIES, begun in Volume 10, of surveys highlighting a small selection of recently completed doctoral theses with particular relevance to the fields covered by Rejuvenation Research.1–4 While it has become common for thesis work to appear in the general academic literature, it remains valuable to scan the thesis databases for important advances that one might otherwise have missed.


The goal of this Neighborhood Watch article is to provide some context on the use of factor VIIa (FVIIa) in management of hemophilic bleeding and discuss a recent article on engineering a novel FVIIa variant [1]. Even in this era of astonishing advances in the management of hemophilia, the development of antibodies to the deficient factor has a major impact on quality of life. Thus, 'bypassing' therapies are still needed when the primary treatment fails to stop or prevent bleeding. FVIIa has proven to be an amazingly effective and safe hemostatic agent in hemophilia. Even so, one size does not fit all! Some individuals respond well to FVIIa at standard doses, whereas others require much higher doses for efficacy. Indeed, FVIIa does not produce adequate hemostatic effects at all in a small proportion of persons with hemophilia. Therefore, there have been a number of attempts to develop FVIIa variants with improved effectiveness.


: Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium that is closely related to periodontal diseases and has strong virulence. Studies have shown that in addition to damaging oral health, it also has a serious impact on general health. This article reviews the research progress of the relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis and human diseases, which is helpful to explore new treatment strategies for related diseases


A general formula for such matrix elements is obtained, in terms of a sum of terms each proportional to the square root of a product of eight binomial coefficients.


Abstract Rapid growth of Information and Communication technologies (ICTs) (especially Internet and e-commerce) has affected most parts of human society and its dominance over the other technology is clearly visible. There are various things that can be done by the use of the web to make a difference, whether it is donating money to charities via click through, educating people, reducing poverty, generating employment opportunities helping the local community, improving access to healthcare, signing the online petition or accessing the information. Further, e-commerce is also helpful in reducing the gender gap and leads to empowerment and participation of women in economic activities. With the rapidly expanding reach of internet and e-commerce technologies into most aspects of everyday life, it is imperative to understand the its social impact and the behaviour leading to this impact. The present paper, mainly aims at to study the social implications of electronic commerce (popularly known as e-commerce). To study the social implications of e-commerce and other IT enabled technologies in a systematic manner, few areas have been selected, especially those which are of prime social interest. The paper explores the potential role of e-commerce in promoting sustainable and equitable development in the Third World Countries. Possibilities of using e-commerce technology in a way that will benefit the society at large and vulnerable groups in particular are analyzed within the wider framework of actual needs and existing facilities of these communities.


The study of the developed land and the energy consumption is part of a main project, which objective is the development of a model for the evaluation of the environmental and energy efficiency of the interaction (mobility) and land use structure (called as 'territorial functionality'), applied to the metropolitan area of Barcelona . One of the most important points of the main project is the modeling of energy consumption, and developed land produced by the territorial functionality. This paper presents the calibrations results of econometrics models (log-log) for developed land, and electricity consumption. The used information for those models was; built surface by activity (cadastre), coverings of land uses of Catalonia (CREAF), electric consumption by economic activity (CNAE), meteorological variables, and operating time of activities. The analysis was for the 164 municipalities of the metropolitan area of Barcelona. The electric consumption was analyzed in different categories of activities like as residential, industrial, trade, financial services, hotels, transport, education, public lighting, etc. The artificial area was differentiated in three categories; cadastre surface, streets, and developed land without cadastre. Overall, the results show that the extension of developed land depends (with 0.8 R2) mainly from single-family homes, followed by industrial activities, and finally sport activities. The trade activities induce a contraction of developed land, result that is consistent with agglomeration economies. The different models calibrated for energy consumption show a strong dependence (with R2 between 0.5 and 0.9) first with built surface, and second with other variables such as weather condition in the municipality (minimum temperature in summer), and average operating time of the activities (mean work time, shopping time, etc). Finally, the electric consumption by public lighting depends significantly on the developed land, representing the union between the two dimensions of the study.


This article is concerned with the asymmetric cross coupling of alkenyl or aryl halides and related compounds with organometallic reagents which is effected by Nickel or Palladium catalysts bearing optically active phosphine ligands, some recent progress in asymmetric cross coupling catalyzed by Nickel or Palladium compounds are summarized in 37 references in terms of the development of chiral ligands; the effects of structure of catalyst and substrate to product′s enantiomeric excess ( ee ) are reviewed. The possible mechanism of asymmetric induction is also introduced in some examples that have been well studied.


Objective: to identify factors associated with the development of chronic kidney disease in older adult caregivers of elderly people. Method: cross-sectional study, carried out from January to September 2019 with 111 older adult family caregivers of elderly people in primary health care. For data collection, the Sociodemographic, Health and Care Context Characterization Questionnaire, the Screening for Occult Kidney Disease, the Addenbrooke Cognitive Examination - Revised Version, the Geriatric Depression Scale, the Zarit Burden Inventory and the Perceived Stress Scalewere used. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed using the stepwise forward method ( p <0.05). All ethical precepts were observed. Results: the sample showed a predominance of women, married, who offered care to their spouse. Through screening for chronic kidney disease, it was found that 99.1% of the participants had a high predisposition to the development of chronic kidney disease. Each unit of increase in the number of drugs increased the chance of older adult caregivers developing chronic kidney disease by 1,257 times. Conclusion: there was a predominance of high predisposition to chronic kidney disease in the sample of older adult caregivers and the number of drugs in use was the factor associated with this predisposition.


This study applied exploratory-descriptive design, to determine the implication of Khat consumption on the household economy. The study was guided by both structural functionalism and conflict theories. The target population were families whose members consume Khat of which a sample of 350 respondents was obtained using snowball technique. Structured questionnaires were administered and analysed quantitatively and focus group discussions were thematically analyzed through narrative and verbatim. The study found that Khat consumption was widely accepted by all age groups and that the number of days Khat was consumed, the variety of Khat consumed, highest level of education attained by the consumer, employment status and income had negative effects on the household economy. There was a significant association between household economy and marital status (p = 0.006) as well as employment status (p < 0.0001). Khat regulation was preferred as well as community sensitization on the implication of Khat consumption.


In order to highlight effectiveness of social practice of college students,and to meet the need in new circumstance for multitalented students,basing on school-running characteristics of local agricultural colleges and targeting at weaknesses in present social practice of college students,Yunnan Agricultural University has been innovating content,mode and carrier of social practice,adopts modes of "University-Army Cooperation;University Enterprise Cooperation;University-County Cooperation;University-University Cooperation" and so on,effectively combines social practice of college students with ideological and political education,with specialty practice,and with serving local economic construction,and has created social practice mode of "Project Operation,Team Services and Universal Participation",which leads to comprehensive quality of college students having been improved,social adaptability of the students having been strengthening,enterprising sprit of the students having been explored effectively,and objective of "Educating Through Practice" having been achieved preferably.


Abstract In the robotic applications, wheel-legged robot provides many advantages such as lightweight, superior performance, low energy consumption and wide development prospects. Especially, in some emergent cases, it has the ability to move flexibly, pass obstacles and work in both outdoor and indoor environment. In this paper, a novel design of wheel-legged platform for robotic investigation is presented. Firstly, the principle diagram of underactuated robot (UR) is outlined owing to the model of inverted pendulum. Then, several theoretical computations are suggested to ensure the ability to work as its desired control. Later, an overview of mechanical design in 3D is described as well as the design of electrical circuit is demonstrated based on these requirements. To validate the feasibility and effectiveness of our approach, several numerical simulations are carried out.


Background Children with somatic complaints are at increased risk for emotional disorders during childhood. Whether this elevated risk extends into young adulthood – and to which specific disorders – has rarely been tested with long-term prospective-longitudinal community samples. Here we test whether frequent and recurring stomach aches, headaches, and muscle aches during childhood predict emotional disorders in adulthood after accounting for childhood psychiatric and physical health status and psychosocial adversity. Method The Great Smoky Mountains Study is a community representative sample with 1420 participants. Children/adolescents were assessed 4–7 times between ages 9–16 years. They were assessed again up to three times between ages 19–26 years. Childhood somatic complaints were coded when subjects or their parents reported frequent and recurrent headaches, stomach aches, or muscular/joint aches at some point when children were aged 9–16 years. Psychiatric disorders were assessed with the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment and the Young Adult Psychiatric Assessment. Results Frequent and recurrent somatic complaints in childhood predicted adulthood emotional disorders. After controlling for potential confounders, predictions from childhood somatic complaints were specific to later depression and generalized anxiety disorder. Long-term predictions did not differ by sex. Somatic complaints that persisted across developmental periods were associated with the highest risk for young adult emotional distress disorders. Conclusions Children from the community with frequent and recurrent physical distress are at substantially increased risk for emotional distress disorders during young adulthood. Preventions and interventions for somatic complaints could help alleviate this risk.


Optimal correlation with the statistics of the technological process and stat. models are in a design kit implemented. For yield optimisation in the early development phase new possibilities are opened. 1 Monte Carloand CornerSimulation In order to guarantee a high manufacturing yield and avoid redesigns in an early stage of the IC design flow, for a long time in the circuit development simulation tools are already used, which reproduce the effects of the inevitable parameter fluctuations of the manufacturing process. For the simulation of boundary conditions of the used process the corner simulation with defined worst case conditions is used. For the reproduction of the entire process statistics the Monte Carlo simulation is used. For digital CMOS circuits slow/fast combinations are usual corner cases. For analog circuits the spread of the different process parameters leads to a completely different behaviour of the respective circuit. With the designkit presented here a new way for the modelling of the statistic process variables was taken: Without detour over electrical characteristics (beta, Early voltage...) scalable models are generated with the help of the expert system TRADICA directly from the geometrical description and the process data and/or the process statistics. Components and electrical characteristics, which depend on the same technology parameters, maintain their correlations with the modelling. Without additional expenditure thereby also the statistic characteristics of these parameters in the model are implemented. A condition for it is a sufficiently large database. The PCM (Process control monitor) were evaluated which are several times on each produced wafer. 2 The Statististical Design Kit in praktical use The demonstration shows the application of the Monte Carlo simulation at a simple circuit example. It shows the analysis of the minimisation of the DC offset of an operational amplifier.(fig. 1) Figure 1 Circuit example fort the demonstration Process parameters and mismatch of components can be simulated separately or together statistically. The result of the combined analysis gives directly the parameter dispersion which can be expected after the technological run. The statistic simulation of the process variations makes views of correlation between process parameters (e.g. layer resistances, base diffusion etc.) and the interesting output characteristics for the circuit possible. Over the evaluation of the correlation coefficients those process parameters can be identified, which affect the circuit considerably. It will be now possible to define corner cases, which fit to the regarded circuit. Also the effect of individual process parameters is analyzable, for example in a sweep of process parameters. The Mismatch analysis shows the dispersion of neighbouring elements. The geometrical dimensions with their characteristic dispersion are built in the designkit, which is determined from special PCM mismatch structures. Since at each element the mismatch Property is selectable, all elements can be simulated together or only selected elements alone statistically. The result of the Mismatch analysis leads to critical element dimensions. It is practically realizable however only with at the same time very carefully implemented IC layout. In the demonstration the example circuit is optimized gradually: by inserting a base current compensation Bufferstages give better decoupling Cascodestages increases the open loop Gain. Figure 3 After the optimization the DC offset spread is minimized and its dependence on NPN base doping r_nbei disappeared 3 Practical Experiences The presented procedure worked satisfactorily already several times at complex circuits and is applicable to all kinds of simulation (AC, transient, PSS...). The simulation fits usually good to the measured data. 4 Literature [1] Kraus, W.: PCMand Physics-Based Statistical BJT Modeling Using HICUM and TRADICA, 6th HICUM Workshop, 2006 [2] Schröter, M., Wittkopf, H., Kraus, W.: Statistical modeling of high-frequency bipolar transistors, Proc. BCTM, pp 54 61, 2005 Figure 2 DC offset spread and correlation with NPN base doping r_nbei Figure 4 Measured offset spread of a complex amplifier stage Figure 5 Results of the corresponding mismatch and process simulations


Abstract When serials publishers first offered Big Deals to academic libraries, they seemed to many to be win-win-win situations. But while Big Deals did appear to lower the rate of serials price inflation, they did not bring it down to manageable levels--and in the process, they limited academic library flexibility. This issue of Library Technology Reports (vol. 50, no. 4) describes a study that looks at the apparent damage caused by Big Deals over the period from 2002 (when most had been introduced) to 2012, specifically looking at details of acquisitions money for books and other acquisitions by type and size of library. Some possible approaches to improving the situation appear in the final chapter. Contents Chapter 1--Tracking the Damage Short-Term Win, Long-Term Problem? The Big Deal and the Damage Done Inclusion Dollars and Percentages Typical Tables and Graphs Substantial Changes The Big Picture, 1996-2012 The Comparable Picture, 2002-2012 All 2,594 Libraries Definitions Major Changes Skimming the Cream Notes Chapter 2--Libraries by Size Larger Libraries Smaller Libraries Summary Note Chapter 3--Libraries by Sector and Two-Year Colleges Sector 1: Public Four-Year and Above Sector 2: Private Nonprofit Four-Year and Above Sector 3: Private For-Profit Four-Year and Above Sector 4: Public Two-Year Sector 5: Private Nonprofit Two-Year Sector 6: Private For-Profit Two-Year Summary Notes Chapter 4--Universities and Four-Year Colleges in General CC 15: Doctoral/Research Universities--Extensive CC 16: Doctoral/Research Universities--Intensive CC 21: Master's Colleges and Universities I CC 22: Master's (Comprehensive) Colleges and Universities II CC 31: Baccalaureate Colleges--Liberal Arts CC 32: Baccalaureate Colleges--General CC 33: Baccalaureate/Associate's Colleges Summary Notes Chapter 1 Tracking the Damage Overview Abstract Big Deals and other serials bundles did slow the rate of increase of serials spending--but that rate continues to be much higher than inflation. It also appears to be unsustainable for many libraries. Chapter 1 of Library Technology Reports (vol. 50, no. 4) shows overall trends since 1996 and for comparable libraries since 2002. In the 1990s, the serials crisis in academic libraries was becoming acute. Prices for refereed scholarly journals were increasing at such a pace that more and more libraries were finding it impossible to keep up, much less add needed new journals. Publishers began offering Big Deals: bundling electronic access to many or all of their journals at a price that, on a per-journal basis, was considerably lower than piecemeal institutional access. At the time, it must have seemed like a win-win-win situation: publishers could remain profitable, libraries could slow the rate of increase for serials spending, and users could gain access to many more journals. Many academic libraries and groups of libraries signed up for a variety of Big Deals and other bundles during the last years of the twentieth century and the first years of the twenty-first. It's fair to note that some observers--specifically, Kenneth Frazier in "The Librarians' Dilemma: Contemplating the Costs of the 'Big Deal'"--saw the dangers of Big Deals. (1) But most academic librarians either ignored those dangers or didn't feel they could turn down the Big Deals. It seems clear that changes in access to serials--Big Deals, smaller bundles, and a general shift to electronic-only access--did, in fact, slow the rate of increase in serials spending. Figure 1.1 shows the changes in spending for US academic libraries as a whole from 1996 through 2012, adjusted for inflation, in three parts: current serials, "books" (all acquisitions except current serials), and the remainder (all library spending except acquisitions). There's a distinct change from 2000 on, with the rate of increase for serials much lower than it was before that. …


This paper explores components of urban science education that are underemphasized in contemporary research in the field of study and widely considered necessary for improving the experiences of African-American males in science. It explores the current state of urban science education through critical reflection from the standpoint of an African-American male student and teacher and calls for the use of appropriate theoretical frameworks for constructing meaning of the African American male experience in urban schools. Finally, through a broad description of a research study in urban science classrooms, the paper provides insight into future research that considers the frameworks prescribed and described in the paper. I vividly remember sitting in a biology class in what was described as a "specialized


The performance characterization of communication systems assisted by large reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) significantly depends on the adopted models for the underlying channels. Under unrealistic channel models, the system performance may be over- or under-estimated which yields inaccurate conclusions for the system design. In this paper, we review five channel models that are chosen to progressively improve the modeling accuracy for large RISs. For each channel model, we highlight the underlying assumptions, its advantages, and its limitations. We compare the system performance under the aforementioned channel models using RIS configuration algorithms from the literature and a new scalable algorithm proposed in this paper specifically for the configuration of extremely large RISs.


Let G be an antipodal distance regular cover of a complete graph with index T'. If T' = 2 then it is known that the neighbourhood of a vertex in G is strongly regular, and the Krein bound is tight for G. We use the theory of spherical designs ( due to Delsarte, Goethals and Seidel) to show that if r > 2 and the Krein bound is tight for G then the neighbourhood of any vertex in G is strongly regular. Further, if e denotes the second largest eigenvalue of G then T' must divide () + 1, and if r = () + 1 then G arises by a standard construction from a generalised quadrangle with a spread. If e is a prime power and r divides e + 1, covers of index r for which the Krein bound holds can be constructed and in many cases the neighbourhoods of a vertex in these covers are new strongly regular graphs. 1. ANTIPODAL DISTANCE REGULAR COVERS We are going to study a class of distance regular covers of complete graphs. Thus we begin by explaining what a cover is, and what it means for one to be distance regular. (However we assume that the reader knows what a distance-regular graph is. A brief introduction will be found in [1], and an extensive treatment in [2]. Unsupported assertions about properties of antipodal distance regular covers of I{ n are taken from [8].) We say that a graph H is cover of a graph G if there is a surjection f from V (H) onto V (G) such that f maps edges of H to edges of G, and the restriction of f to the neighbourhood of any vertex is an isomorphism. (If we view G and H -:~ Support from grant OGP0093041 of the National Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada is gratefully acknowledged. Australasian Journal of Combinatorics §.( 1992) .. pp.245-255 as topological spaces, this is equivalent to the topologist's definition of a cover, if it helps.) If v E V(G) then j-l(v) called a fibre of the cover. When G is connected it is not hard to show that all fibres must have the same cardinality, which we call the index of the cover. In general the cover is not determined just by the graphs Hand G there may be more than one possible local isomorphism j from H to G, and so it may be necessary to explicitly identify the fibres. A cover H of G with diameter d is antipodal if two vertices of H are at distance d if and only they are in the same fibre. Informally, any cover of G wi th index r can be constructed as follows. For each vertex in G there is a corresponding set of r disjoint vertices in H, and if u and v are adjacent in G then the corresponding r-sets are joined by the edges of an r-matching. The cube is an antipodal cover of ]{4 with index two and the line graph of Petersen's graph is an antipodal cover of ]{s with index three. Both these covers have the property that the number of common neighbours of two vertices is determined by the distance between them. Any antipodal cover of ]{n with this property is distance regular, and must have diameter equal to three. If H is an antipodal distance regular cover of ]{ n then we denote the number of common neighbours of two adjacent points by aI' and the number of common neighbours of two points at distance two by c2 • The parameters n, r, a 1 and C2 are related by n 2 a 1 = (r 1)c2' (1) Thus a1 is determined by the other three parameters. An expression such as "H is a cover with parameters (n, r, c2 )" will indicate that H is an distance regular antipodal cover of ]{n with index r, and a 1 determined by (1). We note that any distance regular cover of ]{n with diameter three must be antipodal. Let H be an (n,r,c2) cover. Since 1I is distance regular with diameter three, its adjacency matrix A( H) has exactly four distinct eigenvalues. Since it is a cover of Knl two of these eigenvalues are n 1 and -1, with multiplicities 1 and n 1 respectively. The remaining two eigenvalues will be denoted by a and T, and are the zeros of the quadratic


Titanium nitride (TiN) was deposited on the graphite substrate from a gas mixture of TiCl4, H2 and N2. The influences of reaction temperature and reaction gas composition on the deposition rate and the surface appearance of TiN layer were investigated. The effect of various factors on the orientation of TiN deposit was a1so studied. Deposition was observed at temperatures above 700 C (Fig.5) and the weight of the deposit increased linearly with deposition time (Fig.2). The deposition rate increased with an increase in reaction temperature or the N2-TiCl4 mole ratio, but above the N2-TiCl4 mole ratio of 6 the rate nearly unchanged. The deposition rate was 8.1 m /hr at the temperature of 1200 C and N2-TiCl4 mole ratio of 8. The (110) planes of the TiN deposit were developed in parallel with the surface of the graphite substrate by increasing the reaction temperature and N2-TiCl4 mole ratio (Fig.6). The size of crystal1ite deposited under the conditions of higher temperature and higher N2-TiCl4 mole ratio was larger than that deposited under lower temperature and lower N2-TiCl4 mole ratio (Fig.9, 10). TiN, deposited under the former condition showed a golden-yellow color. TiN whiskers of 8 to 40 micron in diameter and 0.5 to 2 mm in length were obtained under the fol1owing conditions: reaction temperature, 1220 C, N2-TiCl4 mole ratio, 8 and 10, TiCl4saturator temperature, 41 C, H2 flow rate, 5 ml/sec, reaction time, 90 min.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the drivers of firm's growth such as research and development (R & D), absorptive capacity, knowledge management, organisation culture, access to finance, internationalisation and so forth. As far as the contribution is concerned, two objectives have been achieved from this empirical paper. First, this paper fills an important gap in the literature by determining the drivers of firm's growth. Second, this study analysed the Pakistani software industry at micro level by investigating the firm's knowledge-based assets and their significant association with labour productivity growth. Based on a face to face interview of 69 software firms, this study found that firm size, access to finance, internationalisation (exporting and outward foreign direct investment), business improvement methods and knowledge management have a positive impact on the firm's labour productivity growth. In comparison, firm undertaking R & D and absorptive capacity showed negative ass...


FIELD: information technology. SUBSTANCE: device contains terminal for receiving incoming data of asynchronous data stream, terminal for outputting incoming data stream on external load, terminal for connecting external drive generator of reference frequency pulses, circuit of internal drive generator of reference frequency pulses, circuit for extraction of clock synchronisation pulses from incoming asynchronous data stream using reference frequency pulses of drive generator, controlled time-delay line for pulse signals, phase detector circuit for pulse signals, counter/divider of reference frequency pulses, two counters/dividers of clock pulses with the same division factor. EFFECT: higher long-term receive stability of continuously incoming asynchronous data stream by means of elimination of faults occurring from diversity in frequencies of transmitting and receiving side generators. 4 cl, 1 dwg


Electronic technology and information technology are one of the greatest succeed in twenties centrury.Electronic system′s reliability has taken great influence in our lives and stfety of our country.One of the metal causes is the EMI.With the most use of the electronic equipment,all kinds of elctromagnetic waves exist in our enviroment,and the elctromagnetic waves are the unseen source of the EMI.Now,I will introduce some interference about GND and solution.EMC Tecnology is one of the technologies known and mastered by us.


ABSTRACT

The use of methods with lecture and discussion and answer on posyandu cadres have not been able to increase on knowledge in prevention efforts IDD. The use of media education can facilitate the delivery of information. The combination is expected to use extension methods presented information readily accepted and understood.
The effect of extension methods with the media booklet on knowledge, attitudes and skills posyandu cadres.
The study is quasi experiment pre post non randomized control group design. Sample is consisted of 66 posyandu cadres in the health centers Junrejo region are divided  2 groups, the intervention group consisted of 33 posyandu cadres given of lecturing the method  lecture, discussion and demonstration as well as given a booklet and 33 posyandu cadres control group obtain lecture without given a booklet. Measurements score on knowledge performed 3 times before, after and one month after intervention. Statistical test using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Mann Whitney.
There were significant differences in score mean knowledge (p = 0.0001between before and after one month intervention. Both groups showed  significant difference score mean knowledge (p = 0.0001) and skills (p = 0.028), but not on the score mean attitude (p = 0.368) at the end of the study. Extension methods by providing booklet media can improve knowledge, attitudes and skills posyandu cadres in prevention efforts IDD.
                                                                                Keywords: knowledge, posyandu cadres, booklet.


Using energy conservation law and the increment method of angle fold,the velocity-displacement curve of the impacting body,mean load-displacement curve and the instantaneous load-displacement curve of a metallic cylindrical shell in impact process were obtained for different materials and different geometrical parameters of the shell structures.Computation results show that the reasonable mean load-displacement curve and the instantaneous load-displacement curve can be determined by adjusting the material and the geometrical parameters of the cylindrical shell,and the vertical fold displacement in the impact process can be reduced by increasing the number of the cylindrical shells.


Technology advances at a rapid rate, and the success of a given technology is almost solely dictated by the market upon which it seeks to improve. Cryptocurrencies may revolutionize digital trade markets by creating a free flowing trading system without fee. The rapid development and growth in the field of information and communication technologies has changed our day to day life. Not only day to day it has changed our traditional pattern of banking and financial transactions. This advancement of information communication technology has helps to use of paper work activities into digital operations. The upgraded technologies have also changed the pattern of financial transactions as well as created a new form of money.  Cryptocurrencies are not likely to replace traditional fiat currency, they could change the way internet connected global markets interact with  each other, clearing away barriers surrounding normative national currencies and exchange rates. Cryptocurrencies may revolutionize digital trade markets by creating a free flowing trading system without fees. Bitcoin is presented which illuminates some of the recent events and movements that could influence whether bitcoin contributes to a shift in economic paradigms.


We present a simple expanded output mode semiconductor diode laser without spot size transformer. The laser spot size expansion is achieved by decreasing the effective refractive index step between the core and cladding. The major advantage of this approach is that the laser can be fabricated with conventional buried heterostructure technology with no inherent resolution limits and no need for additional sophisticated etching or epitaxial techniques, avoiding any significant cost increase of the laser chip. Moreover, this approach is suitable for mass production. The fabricated LDs show good lasing characteristics and low loss coupling of less than -4.3 dB into a cleaved single mode fibre with good misalignment tolerance.


Recently, iris recognition techniques have achieved great performance in identification. Among authentication techniques, iris recognition systems have received attention very much due to their rich iris texture which gives robust standards for identifying individuals. Notwithstanding this, there are several challenges in unrestricted recognition environments. In this article, the researchers present the techniques used in different phases of the recognition system of the iris image. The researchers also reviewed the methods associated with each phase. The recognition system is divided into seven phases, namely, the acquisition phase in which the iris images are acquired, the preprocessing phase in which the quality of the iris image is improved, the segmentation phase in which the iris region is separated from the background of the image, the normalization phase in which the segmented iris region is shaped into a rectangle, the feature extraction phase in which the features of the iris region are extracted, the feature selection phase in which the unique features of the iris are selected using feature selection techniques, and finally the classification phase in which the iris images are classified. This article also explains the two approaches of iris recognition which are the traditional approach and the deep learning approach. In addition, the researchers discuss the advantages and disadvantages of previous techniques as well as the limitations and benefits of both the traditional and deep learning approaches of iris recognition. This study can be considered as an initial step towards a large-scale study about iris recognition.


The long-term behavior in the near-field of deep geological repository is governed by coupled thermal-hydraulic-mechanical (THM) processes. THM processes will continue for hundreds of years in the initial stage of disposal. These processes influence the overpack displacement, the swelling behavior of the buffer, the deformation of the disposal hole, and so on. The overpack displacement is influenced by the swelling behavior of buffer. The swelling pressure of the buffer generated is influenced by the depth of the repository and the stiffness of the surrounding bedrock. To clarify the long term behavior in the near-field, the researches by the full-scale tests and the numerical analyses have been carried out. However, the former are difficult due to location, time, and economic restraints, and the latter are necessary to verify the applicability of the numerical model. Centrifuge model test can be used to replicate an event, similar to what can be done with a prototype, and in fact is a reduced-scale version of a prototype. Based on scaling laws, any two investigations of the same conditions using a centrifuge model test and a prototype are similar and related. However, the centrifuge model test has the advantage that it can greatly shorten the long time needed to see behavior resulting from the typically slow flow of groundwater that satisfies Darcy's law. If the time acceleration test using the reduced-scale model of the near-field is available on the basis of the centrifugal scaling law, then the long-term reliability of the geological repository can be improved by empirical laboratory data. Our aim is; to conduct the time acceleration test using the centrifugal equipment; to measure the equivalent data of long-term behavior of the overpack, buffer and bedrock; and to evaluate the long-term THM behavior of the near-field in a geological repository by laboratory measurements.


In this paper, we study a family of semisupervised learning algorithms for "aligning" different data sets that are characterized by the same underlying manifold. The optimizations of these algorithms are based on graphs that provide a discretized approximation to the manifold. Partial alignments of the data sets—obtained from prior knowledge of their manifold structure or from pairwise correspondences of subsets of labeled examples— are completed by integrating supervised signals with unsupervised frameworks for manifold learning. As an illustration of this semisupervised setting, we show how to learn mappings between different data sets of images that are parameterized by the same underlying modes of variability (e.g., pose and viewing angle). The curse of dimensionality in these problems is overcome by exploiting the low dimensional structure of image manifolds.


Built-in box for electrical installation elements for installation in an opening (2) in a surface (23), characterized in that it is provided with stops (8) which supports at the installation against the surface (23) to the flush junction box (1), exactly on a certain depth to be placed in the opening (2) and which are removable after confirmation of the box in the opening.


The crystal structure ofmercury(II)chromate hemihydrate, HgCr04 . !H20, has been refined from neutron single-crystal data (870 independent reflections) to R = 0.030 and Rw = 0.023. The crystals are monoclinic, space group 02/c with a = 11.832(1), b = 5.2616(6), c = 14.637(2) A, fJ = 121.01(1)° and Z = 8. * S-220 07 Lund 7, Sweden. Z. Kristallogr. Ed. 142, 3/4 9 130 KARIN AURIVILLIUS and CLAES STALHANDSKE The mercury atom is bonded only to two oxygen atoms, each belonging to a separate chromate tetrahedron, at the distances 2.055(2) and 2.064(2) A, the angle O-Hg-O being 179.95(5)°. As each chromate group is bonded to two mercury atoms, fundamental building elements of the structure are endless chains of the composition (HgCr04)n running approximately parallel to the diagonals of the ab plane. The chains are fused by hydrogen bonds to blocks of composition (HgCr04 . tH20)n with thickness t c. There are weak interactions between the blocks, five mercury to oxygen distances varying between 2.655-2.743 A. In the water molecule the distances O(W)-H (2 x) and H-H are 0.945(4) and 1.487(6) A respectively. The angle H-O(W)-H is 103.7(4)°. In the hydrogen bonds the distance O(W)-H'" 0 between water and chromate oxygen atoms is 2.961(2) A with a distance H... 0 of 2.133(4) A and an angle O(W)-H...O of 145.6(3)°.


With research techniques such as experiment and cut-and-try method and diagnosis,the paper takes an investigation to the main malpractices in the standardized martial arts teaching curriculum.According to the brand-new design in the curriculum content structure and the organization process,in which the principle of martial arts repertoire structure and the innovation power are leading,integrates 6 turns teaching experiments and comparisons are included.The results indicate:Standardized repertoire educational model is the inheritance and the enhancement unifies the guiding ideology the real portrayal,which needs the long-term insistence to instruct and practices to make the guarantee.By desalinating the function and the significance in repertoire teaching process,for one thing, it promotes the student's innovation ability and the foundation of their special skills,the skill migration and the development superiority,studying independently and learning from each other;for another,it activates the unification bridge role of its intrinsic innovation rule in the essence of martial arts and the essential significance of education, and is advantageous surmounts with steady steps for students to get to the free shore of the martial arts innovation education.


Clinically relevant anatomy The reader is referred to Chapter 2 of Part I for a detailed description of the anatomy of the cerebellum. Basically, the cerebellum is divided into ten lobules, which are shown in Fig. 7.1a. Two major fissures subdivide the cerebellum into three lobes: the anterior and posterior lobes are demarcated by a primary fissure, and a postero-lateral fissure separates the posterior lobe and the flocculonodular lobe (Fig. 7.1b; Gilman et al., 1981). This latter lobe is also called the vestibulocerebellum. Mainly on the basis of phylogenetic studies, the cerebellum has been divided into archicerebellum, paleocerebellum and neocerebellum (Fig. 7.1c). There is an approximate relationship between this nomenclature and the projections of afferent pathways towards the cerebellum (Brodal, 1981). The term spinocerebellum is also used to designate paleocerebellum, because important projections are directed from the spinal cord towards the paleocerebellum, whereas the terms neocerebellum and pontocerebellum are used equally to designate this most recent part of cerebellum. In clinical practice, there are basically three sagittal areas, including cortical and subcortical structures (Fig. 7.1d): a vermal zone in relation to the fastigial nucleus; a paravermal or intermediate zone associated with the interpositus nucleus; and a lateral zone whose Purkinje cells project to the dentate nucleus (Fig. 7.1d). Midline zone includes the vermis and flocculo-nodular lobe. Table 7.1 indicates main afferent and efferent pathways for each of these three sagittal zones. The three sagittal zones described here should not be confused with the sagittal bands of the cerebellum (see Chapter 2).


The difference of soil microbial community characteristics between organic and conventional vegetable fields was emphatically analyzed in this study,combined with the long-term monitoring study of the organic farm.Results showed that there were more soil microbial biomass,soil fugal colonies,soil actinomycetes colonies and higher activity of soil acid phosphatase,catalase and urease in organic vegetable fields than those in conventional vegetable fields.Soil bacterial phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA)contents detected in organic and conventional vegetable fields were 12.64 nmol·g-1 and 7.29 nmol·g-1 respectively,with significant difference(P0.05).And the results of principle component analysis combined with R-type clustering analysis showed that the comprehensive scores of soil microbial community properties were higher in organic farming fields than that in conventional farming fields.


Overflows in the ocean occur when dense water flows down a continental slope into less dense ambient water. It is important to study idealized and small-scale models, which allow for confidence and control of parameters. The work presented here is a direct qualitative and quantitative comparison between physical laboratory experiments and lab-scale numerical simulations. Physical parameters are varied, including the Coriolis parameter, the inflow density, and the inflow volumetric flow rate. Laboratory experiments are conducted using a rotating square tank and high-resolution camera mounted on the table in the rotating reference frame. Video results are digitized in order to compare directly to numerical simulations. The MIT General Circulation Model (MITgcm), a three-dimensional ocean model, is used for the direct numerical simulations corresponding to the specific laboratory experiments. It was found that the MITgcm was not a good match to laboratory experiments when physical parameters fell within the high eddy activity regime. However, a more extensive resolution study is needed to understand this fully. The MITgcm simulations did provide a good qualitative and quantitative match to laboratory experiments run in a low eddy activity regime. In all cases, the MITgcm simulations had more eddy activity than the laboratory experiments.


A new algorithm suitable for the computation of weighted order statistics operations is presented. The algorithm is based on the local histogram and a successive approximation technique. The successive approximation technique ensures that the result of the weighted order statistics operation is computed in a fixed number of steps, equal to the pixel value resolution. Comparative experimental results are also included. It is shown that the proposed algorithm is faster than the quick sort algorithm for weighted order statistics operations.


Single-phase inverters play a crucial role in transferring the power from renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, or even a hydrogen-based fuel cell to the load and/or the electric-power grid. In order to attenuate the high-frequency switching components of the inverter's generated voltage and to minimize the distortion of the injected current at the grid/load side, the LC filter is usually employed. This paper proposes a simple closed-form formula to analytically calculate the required inductance of an LC filter in a single-phase full-bridge inverter controlled with unipolar switching pattern. The derived equations demonstrate that the LC filter inductance value depends on modulation index. Moreover, it proves that the angle at which the maximum peak-to-peak ripple current occurs is not a fixed value, and it varies based on modulation index. Furthermore, the simulation results of a 6.6 kW single-phase inverter are provided for two cases of modulation index to confirm derived closed-form equations.


Based on petroleum pool-forming simulation,and combining conventional geological research with quantitative simulation and using migration and accumulation simulation results,this paper gives an accumulation unit evaluation of trap conditions,oil source conditions,reservoir conditions and storage conditions of petroleum,and elaborates the risk assessment,the resource estimation,and the economic evaluation of the identified traps(including ancient traps).Based on that,the paper puts forward the proposal of exploratory wells deployment design and provides decision support tool for the optimization of exploration target.


Abstract This article attempts an essentially macro-economic look at the development of the Norwegian economy in the inter-war period. The main focus is on the macro-economic determinants of labour market developments, in particular the causes of the extensive unemployment that persisted in the inter-war period. The article relies partly on previous research undertaken by both economists and economic historians, but also breaks new ground both with respect to the quantification of unemployment and in advancing an (admittedly tentative) explanation of its causes.


Objective To study the prediction of the long-term efficacy of the Nd:YAG laser peripheral iridectomy for primary angle-closure glaucoma.Methods 204 eyes of 156 cases with primary acute angle-closure glaucoma including preclinical stage,remission stage or early primary chronic angle-closure glaucoma received Nd:YAG laser peripheral iridectomy treatment,and were followed up for 1 to 5 years.The observed data included the visual aeuity before and after operation,intraocular pressure,the central and peripheral anterior chamber depth,angle forms and the cup disc ratio,and in some patients the darkroom test and visual field were retrospectively analysed.Results Of 204 eyes received Nd:YAG laser peripheral iridectomy,30 eyes (14.7%) developed new anterior chamber adhesion and closure or the original adhesion expanded,and complicated with glaucoma visual function damage at 1 ~ 5 years after laser treatment.These failed cases had common morphologic features:shallow anterior chamber,forward ended iris root,peripheral iris synechia before the iridectomy,or no obvious deepening of anterior chamber or broadening of anterior chamber angle after iridectomy.Conclusion The correct evaluation of preoperative morphological structure of anterior chamber angle and observation of changes of postoperative peripheral anterior chamber depth after iridectomy are two important forecast factors for postoperative long-term curative effect.

Key words:
Glaucoma, closed-angle, primary;  Iridectomy, peripheral,laser;  Prediction, efficacy


DESTIN, FLA. – A conservative approach is best when it comes to making a diagnosis of Behçet's disease, Dr. Kenneth Calamia said at the meeting. Although oral and genital ulcers are common in the disease, they also are a common manifestation of many other conditions, and it is important to consider the other possible causes first. The importance of a Behçet's diagnosis doesn't have anything to do with ulcers – it has to do with the risk or presence of serious manifestations, including vascular disease, central nervous system manifestations, and uveitis, said Dr. Calamia of the department of medicine at the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Fla. "You don't want to [needlessly] give a patient the baggage of that diagnosis," he said, noting that in patients diagnosed with Behçet's, everything will be attributed to the disease for the rest of their lives. In the United States and Europe, true Behçet's is quite rare (about 0.3-7.5 cases/100,000 population), compared with places like Turkey and other "Silk Road" areas, which have a very high prevalence (100-370 cases/100,000 population). In those areas, more severe forms are much more prevalent, and the benign mucocutaneous symptoms that comprise most of the cases in the United States are referred to as American Behçet's disease, Dr. Calamia said. The term "Behçet's syndrome" also can be used to describe the types of cases typically seen in the United States, but in many cases, the diagnosis is actually "complex aphthosis," he said, adding that Behçet's treatment principles can nonetheless be used to help patients with this condition. Complex aphthosis is a term used by oral dermatologists to help classify types of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. As opposed to simple aphthosis, which is characterized by episodic, short-lived lesions that are few in number, recur three to six times per year, and tend to affect nonkeratinized mucosa, complex aphthosis lesions can be continuous, numerous, large, slow-healing, and debilitating. Keep in mind that both simple and complex aphthosis can be associated with menstruation, sprue, inflammatory bowel disease, HIV, hematologic disorders (such as cyclic neutropenia, IgA deficiency, myelodysplasia/myeloproliferation), various deficiencies (B vitamins, folate, iron, and zinc), and smoking cessation, Dr. Calamia said, explaining that smoking tends to increase keratinization, which protects against ulcers, and that protection is lost when a patient quits. In a study conducted by an oral dermatologist several years ago, only 9% of 269 patients with severe complex aphthosis – 16% of whom also had genital ulcers – had a Behçet's diagnosis, he noted. Some other diagnoses in the cohort included anemia in 25%, gastrointestinal disease in 16%, hematologic disorders in 5%, mucosal disease in 6%, smoking discontinuation in 4%, and drug-related ulcers in 3%. "[Complex aphthosis] is the diagnosis I prefer in those who have mouth and genital ulcers, but nothing else to support a diagnosis of Behçet's," he said. Consider the other possible causes of the ulcers, and also consider the differential diagnoses for recurrent aphthous stomatitis, which include recurrent intraoral herpes simplex virus, Wegener's granulomatosis, oral Crohn's disease, pyostomatitis vegetans, erythema multiforme, lichen planus, mucous membrane pemphigoid, and pemphigus vulgaris, he said. A diffuse, widespread, and chronic presentation, which is not characteristic of recurrent aphthous stomatitis or Behçet's disease, can help differentiate between those conditions and these differential diagnoses, he said. Dr. Calamia disclosed that he has received research support from Genentech and Celgene, and has served on an advisory board for Centocor. ■ Tx Available for Behçet's Mucocutaneous Symptoms


. We call a function f in C ( X ) to be hard-bounded if f is bounded on every hard subset, a special kind of closed subset, of X . We call a subset T of X to be S -embedded if every hard-bounded continuous function of T can be continuously extended upto X . Every S -embedded subset is C ∗ -embedded. In this paper we have given a characterization of the converse part. To get the converse, we came across a type of function which are bounded away from zero on every hard subset of a subset. We further studied few properties of this type of functions and also of hard-bounded functions.


In practice we often deal with the problem that the pieces of information given by different sources are often incomplete and even incompatible. In this work we try to solve this problem and present a systematic and unified way how to combine the pieces by using a Supra-Bayesian approach.


ABSTRACT The interactions of dopamine hydrochloride (DH) with urea were investigated by electrochemical cyclic voltammetry, density functional theory (DFT) and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analysis. Changes of the oxidation/reduction peak potentials of DH in DH-urea-H2O systems indicated that the hydrogen bonds were formed between DH and urea. The DFT and QTAIM results confirmed that the hydrogen and oxygen atoms on phenolic hydroxyl groups, the hydrogen atoms on NH3+ and the aromatic ring of DH can form hydrogen bond with the oxygen and hydrogen atoms of urea. Moreover, the solution pH has an effect on the electrochemical behaviour of DH in the system.


For a simple undirected graph, a recursive algorithm on finding independent set with given size is presented in this paper based on our previous works. When a (s,t,n) graph is a candidate Ramsey graph of s clique free and t independent free, our algorithm is fast on verifying whether the graph is a (s,t,n) graph or not.