Background: Anal manifestations are common in Crohn's disease and may have a great impact on quality of life. Typical such manifestations are skin tags, ulcerations, fissures, abscess and fistula formation, in rare instances even local malignancy. Diagnosis and Treatment: Clinical examination, if necessary under anesthesia, is the diagnostic mainstay. Whereas less severe lesions such as fissures and skin tags may primarily be treated conservatively, abscess and fistula formation generally requires surgery to prevent inflammatory progress and destruction. Adequate medical therapy is a prerequisite for surgery. Plastic repairs of the fistula may be attempted if the rectum is relatively uninvolved by Crohn's disease. A fistulotomy should only be done in simple superficial fistula. In advanced cases of severe perianal and anal inflammation and destruction, temporary diversion or permanent stoma or even proctectomy may improve the quality of life. Conclusion: The long-held dogma of surgery being but the last resort for anal Crohn's disease needs to be revised. A strategy combining optimal medical therapy and sphincter-sparing surgery may successfully treat anal manifestations of Crohn's disease and avoid progress without causing relevant functional impairment.


Caesalpinia sappan L. is a phytobiotic plant that serves as an antibacterial. Active compound such as flavonoids in the C . sappan L. extract acts as an antibacterial. The  protein food sources in Indonesia including poultry such as quail. Several studies demonstrated that quail are very susceptible to bacterial infections including Escherichia coli and Salmonella . Thus C. sappan has been used as food additive for quail in laying eggs. This research objective was to study the effects of C . sappan L. extract against intestinal miclofora of quail in laying eggs. This study used 168 quails with 4 treatments and 5 replications, each treatment used 7 quails. This study used 4 Wood Extract C . sappan L. treatment with different concentrations including 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%. The results showed that administration of Extract Wood C . sappan L. was not significantly different (P> 0.05) to the total number of bacteria E . coli with the average P 0 (6.0903 Log CFU), P 1 (6.0903 log CFU), P 2 (6.0887 Log CFU), and P 3 (6.0868 Log CFU). Meanwhile, it was significantly different (P <0.05) to the total number of Salmonella bacteria in the gut laying with the average number of bacteria P 0 (5.4059 Log CFU), P 1 (5.4048 Log CFU), P 2 (5.4045 Log CFU), and P 3 (5.4039 Log CFU). It is concluded that flavonoids compounds in C . sappan L. extract could decrease the number of Salmonella , but not E. coli , in the intestine of quail. Keywords: Caesalpinia sappan L., Eschericia coli , Flavonoid, Salmonella .


The Ehrlich-Sachs reaction generally results in the production of a mixture of azomethine(anil), nitron and azoxy-compound. A method is described whereby the azomethine is the sole product.


This paper proposes a new approach for an estimation of user's intention using Self-Organizing Map (SOM), ontology, and Petri-net. In order to construct the intention estimator, the ontology and Petri-net are used to classify the operational intention. The SOM technique is used to form the relation between the intention modes and operational state. A kind of knowledge data base of user's intention was constructed by using the ontology, and the knowledge was utilized to build a task scenario. By using the Petri-net model, an event-driven scenario of the task is constructed and is utilized to improve the SOM. An experiment using a virtual transportation task simulator to verify the presented approach was performed, and the user's intention during the machine manipulation was estimated from the time-series data which was obtained through the experiment. Comparing the estimated intention with the other one extracted by human analysis, the effectiveness of the estimator was analyzed.


Welcome to the Global Spine Congress 2018 (GSC). This year, AOSpine's annual event is heading to one of Asia Pacific's most multicultural cities, Singapore. The GSC is one of the biggest gatherings for thousands of spine surgeons from all over the world. The event provides an outstanding forum to exchange ideas, network with fellow spine professionals, and learn about the latest research, techniques, and technologies in spine surgery. The Global Spine Congress is unique in its approach to sharing knowledge and developing new approaches to the treatment of spinal disorders to help advance spine care and improve patient care. The congress is open to all surgeons, spine practitioners, allied health care professionals, and researchers, and will offer a full schedule for 4 days. The Scientific Program will include pre-courses, AOSpine Symposia, Society Symposia, and peer-reviewed abstracts, scheduled to be presented as oral or e-poster presentations. Since the first GSC in 2009, the number of participants and speakers attending the GSC has grown significantly. The GSC 2018 saw record-breaking numbers once again for the number of abstracts submitted. The abstracts that were accepted to be presented at the GSC are published in this special online issue as a supplement to the Global Spine Journal. This book contains 727 carefully selected abstracts in the following areas:


ABSTRACT In-service K–12 teachers require preparation and support to conceptualize and incorporate global competence into their classroom teaching practices. The state of North Carolina created a state-wide framework for such professional development: the Global Educator Digital Badge (GEDB). The GEDB focuses on developing knowledge and practices of globally competent teaching. To explore state policy to school practice, this intrinsic case study reports findings from teachers, administrators, and professional development providers from a K–5 school with 90% teacher participation in the GEDB. Tenets of effective PD and the Global Competence Teaching Continuum served as frameworks to analyze surveys, focus group, interviews, classroom observations, and documents to discern teachers' abilities to conceptualize and enact globally competent teaching (via curriculum and instruction). Findings describe teachers' abilities to define global education, embed global competencies within their curriculum, and implement recommended pedagogical strategies. Shifts in teachers' practices toward globally competent curriculum and instruction are discussed.


The paper introduces the concept of IB,and discusses the three components of IB which are Building Management System,Communication Automation System and Office Automation System,SCS is shown to be the basis of IB in this paper.


A substantial effort, in general, is required for understanding APIs of application frameworks. High-quality API documentation may alleviate the effort, but the production of such documentation still poses a major challenge for modern frameworks. To facilitate the production of framework instantiation documentation, we hypothesize that the framework code itself and the code of existing instantiations provide useful information. However, given the size and complexity of existent code, automated approaches are required to assist the documentation production. Our goal is to assess an automated approach for constructing relevant documentation for framework instantiation based on source code analysis of the framework itself and of existing instantiations. The criterion for defining whether documentation is relevant would be to compare the documentation with an traditional framework documentation, considering the time spent and correctness during instantiation activities, information usefulness, complexity of the activity, navigation, satisfaction, information localization and clarity. We propose an automated approach for constructing relevant documentation for framework instantiation based on source code analysis of the framework itself and of existing instantiations. The proposed approach generates documentation in a cookbook style, where the recipes are programming activities using the necessary API elements driven by the framework features. We performed an empirical study, consisting of three experiments with 44 human subjects executing real framework instantiations aimed at comparing the use of the proposed cookbooks to traditional manual framework documentation (baseline). Our empirical assessment shows that the generated cookbooks performed better or, at least, with non-significant difference when compared to the traditional documentation, evidencing the effectiveness of the approach.


We describe a case of pulmonary bleeding and subsequent acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in a 20-month-old female suffering from a typical postdiarrheal hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). Acute renal failure was treated early by peritoneal dialysis. It is of interest to underline that thrombocytopenia or any coagulative impairment was absent when this complication occurred, and spontaneous diuresis recovery was ongoing. All examinations failed to identify a unique site of bleeding in the main stem bronchi or trachea. Complete renal and clinical recovery was obtained in spite of this very uncommon complication. Intensivists should be aware of this rare and potentially fatal complication of typical (D+)HUS.


A bus type controller is developed with multi SCM and dual port RAMs, which have real time multitask function and fits to complex automation equipment well. High performance, low cost and good flexiblity are its characteristics.


Furanoate esters have been hydrogenated successfully with ruthenium complexes bearing tetradentate ligands in high yield, high selectivity and with a low catalyst loading. The catalysts and the reaction conditions described herein enabled the facile reduction of a variety of substituted 2‐ and 3‐furanoate esters, with the latter being never reduced before under catalytic hydrogenation conditions. Furthermore, several well‐defined ruthenium complexes were evaluated and compared, with bis‐imino complexes being the most versatile in terms of reactivity and selectivity.


The efficiency of complex industrialized farming systems are compared to that of natural environmental systems while taking into account economic and environmental benefit as well as the needs of farmers and cattle.


Twenty F 1 combinations crossed among 5 varieties and strains different in fiber properties according to complete diallel crossing design were used to evaluate the heterosis and gene action of boll weight and lint percentage in high quality fiber property varieties in Upland Cotton in 1998~1999 for two year successively at Nanjing. It was indicated that there existed small interactions with the environmental factors without maternal effects and the additive gene effect was in chief, attaining to 51.2% and 65.4% respectively for boll weight and lint percentage. The dominant effect was also in higher rate, 32.6% and 16.8% respectively. The population mean heterosis of boll weight and lint percentage over the mid parental mean were relatively prominent 13.3% and 3.5% respectively in extreme significance. However, boll weight showed no significantly surpassing parental F 1 heterosis over the better parent based on population mean (2.0%); while the lint percentage expressed significant negative heterosis value (-2.1%). The gene actions were in conformity with the heterosis expression. It was shown clearly that the F 1 combinations crossed between parents with similar performances had relatively high dominant effects and significant positive F 1 surpassing parental heterosis (F 1 heterosis over the better parent); while no F 1 combination crossed between the parents with prominent mutual difference surpassed the higher parent in yield components, which indicated that among those parents with less difference and close relationships, there still existed sufficient genetic variation or certain mechanism for creating variation and achieving greater advances in breeding. Correlation analyses also indicated that there still existed severely undesirable negative correlation between yield and fiber properties as well as the difficulties for their simultaneous improvements.


The X-ray emission from normal elliptical galaxies has two major components: soft (kT ≈ 0.2 − 1 keV) emission from diffuse gas and harder (kT ≈ 6 keV) emission from populations of accreting (lowmass) stellar X-ray binaries (LMXB). If the LMXB population is intimately tied to the field stellar population in a galaxy, its aggregate X-ray luminosity is expected to be simply proportional to the optical luminosity of the galaxy. However, recent ASCA and Chandra X-ray observations show that the global luminosities of LMXB components in ellipticals exhibit significant scatter (a factor of ∼4) at a given optical luminosity. This scatter may reflect a range of evolutionary stages among X-ray binary populations in elliptical galaxies of different ages. If so, the ratio of the global LMXB X-ray luminosity to the galactic optical luminosity, LLMXB/Lopt, may in principle be used to determine when the bulk of stars were formed in individual ellipticals. To test this, we compare variations in LLMXB/Lopt for LMXB populations in ellipticals to optically-derived estimates of stellar ages in the same galaxies. We find no correlation, which suggests that variations in LLMXB/Lopt are not a good age indicator for ellipticals. Alternatively, LMXBs may be formed primarily in globular clusters (through stellar tidal interactions), rather than comprise a subset of the primordial binary star population in a galactic stellar field. Since elliptical galaxies exhibit a wide range of globular cluster populations for a given galaxian luminosity, this may induce a dispersion in the LMXB populations of ellipticals with similar optical luminosities. Indeed, we find that LLMXB/Lopt ratios for LMXB populations are strongly correlated with the specific globular cluster frequencies in elliptical galaxies. This suggests that most LMXBs were formed in globular clusters. If so, Chandra observations of central dominant galaxies with unusually large globular cluster populations should find proportionally excessive numbers of LMXBs. Subject headings: binaries: close — galaxies: elliptical and lenticular — globular clusters: general — X-rays: binaries — X-rays: galaxies


In this article, we report the findings from a study exploring the effects of a problem-based learning (PBL) approach to teaching and learning on learning outcomes for master's of social work (MSW) students. Students who participated in a PBL pilot project were compared with students who did not participate in 5 outcome areas: social work knowledge, values, and skills; confidence in practice skills; confidence in learning skills; motivation to engage in deep learning and use deep-learning strategies; and satisfaction with their MSW education. PBL and non-PBL approaches were equally effective in helping students learn social work skills, knowledge, and values and in developing learning skills; the non-PBL group reported a significant shift to a more situational approach to their learning.


Conservative criteria are presented which relate safety test data to successful termination of Transient Overpower (TOP) and Loss of Piping Integrity (LOPI) accidents in a LMFBR. Simulated sets of test data were generated and applied to these criteria in order to predict whether real tests will establish LOA-2 success for these events.


We present a concept and architecture for a low-cost communications infrastructure for these missions. There are two major elements: Earth stations and a small lunar relay constellation.


Recently, gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles are expanding their share of the market. However, different from traditional port fuel injection (PFI) gasoline vehicles, they emit considerably more PM. More and more stringent regulations are setting in the world, even for gasoline vehicles. In Japan, the new regulation for gasoline vehicles will be set in 2020. Then, the filtration system for gasoline soot is needed and a gasoline particulate filter (GPF) should be equipped with GDI vehicles. In this study, by using a lattice Boltzmann method, we simulated the flow through the gasoline particulate filter, corresponding to a so-called ceramic wall-flow filter. To consider the entire cell structure, the simulation was conducted in a two-dimensional domain. We examined the effect of cell length and inflow velocity on flow field, pressure drop and soot deposition.


A number of N1 or N2-substituted-5(2,3,4-,2,4,5-, 2,4,6-and 3,4,5-trimethoxy benzvlidene) hydantoin or 2-thiohy-dantoins have been synthesised and evaluted for their CNS depressant and anticonvulsant activity. A new generic name 'Trimethotoin' is proposed for 2,4,6-trimethoxy benzene derivatives which exhibited potent CNS depressant and anticonvulsant actions.


Determination of an optimal Clinical Target Volume (CTV) margin is generally challenging since the exact extent of microscopic disease to be encompassed by the CTV cannot be fully visualized using current imaging techniques and therefore remains uncertain. The aim of this work was to establish a treatment-modelling framework for evaluation of current CTV practices in terms of tumour clonogen survival fraction following treatment. An integrated radiobiological model has been developed for this purpose, using the Monte Carlo (MC) toolkit Geant4. In order to determine the tumour site with high discrepancy/uncertainty in terms of the CTV margin definition, a comprehensive literature review was conducted. As a result, Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) was identified to be the subject of this research work.


Recently, there has been great progress in elucidating the biochemistry of the arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. The abnormal production of leukotrienes (LTs), due to the unbalanced-regulation of synthesizing and catabolizing enzymes, is probably induced by many bioactive substances, including Th2 cell-derived cytokines. Imbalances in these processes may play an important role in allergic reactions and other inflammatory diseases, thus making them potentially prime therapeutic targets for these diseases. Further studies on the regulation of LT-synthesis and catabolism are therefore required to clarify the importance of these imbalances on the initiation and progression of allergic and inflammatory diseases.


Power amplifiers (PAs) are important elements in communications systems and they are inherently nonlinear. Nonlinearity generates spectral regrowth (i.e., spectral broadening) in digitally modulated signals which causes adjacent channel interference. In this paper, we present a closed-form expression for the auto-covariance function of the PA output, whose Fourier transform yields the output power spectral density (PSD). The PA input does not need to be Gaussian and the PSD calculation can be carried out using common PA descriptions such as the AM/AM and AM/PM characteristics. We assume that the input is narrow-band, thus PA memory effects, on the order of a symbol period, are not present. The analytical results allow us to predict spectral regrowth without running expensive or time-consuming time-domain simulations; they also lead to a variety of optimization possibilities in transmitter design that includes the PAs.


The instantaneous height of the entire surface of a fluid executing high amplitude motion can be obtained by photographing light that has been forced to diffuse through the liquid. This technique has been applied to resolve solitons and observe the frequency and wave-number spectra of ripple turbulence. Higher order correlations and various models of turbulence can be probed with this method.


BACKGROUND : The cryopreservation of HPCs in DMSO has been practiced by cord blood (CB) banks worldwide. Inevitably, some detriment to biologic function occurs as the result of freezing injuries and DMSO toxicity. Trehalose, a disaccharide, is a natural cryoprotectant in organisms capable of surviving extreme dehydration and cold. The objective of this study was to establish the cryopreservation of CB under preclinical conditions using trehalose as a supplement to DMSO.


Objective To establish an experimental method to identify the main herbal medicines in Antai cataplasm.Methods The thin layer chromatography (TLC) was applied to identify Angelica Sinensis,Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii,and Radix Angelicae Pubescentis in Antai cataplasm,and the method ruggedness was evaluated.Results In the identification by TLC,feature spots of Angelica Sinensis,Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii,Radix Angelicae Pubescentis,and Flos Caryophylli were clere;the negative control was free from interference.Conclusion The identification methods are accurate,reliable,and highly repeatable.It can be used to control the quality of Antai cataplasm effectively.


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This paper proposes new blind signal processing techniques for optimizing a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) convolutional beamformer (CBF) in a computationally efficient way to simultaneously perform dereverberation and source separation. For effective CBF optimization, a conventional technique factorizes it into a multiple-target weighted prediction error (WPE) based dereverberation filter and a separation matrix. However, this technique requires the calculation of a huge spatio-temporal covariance matrix that reflects the statistics of all the sources, which makes the computational cost very high. For computationally efficient optimization, this paper introduces two techniques: one that decomposes the huge covariance matrix into ones for individual sources, and another that decomposes the CBF into sub-filters for estimating individual sources. Both techniques effectively and substantively reduce the size of the covariance matrices that must calculated, and allow us to greatly reduce the computational cost without loss of optimality.


A low degree of exploration is the actuality of Wuzhishan-Meigu area in Southwest Sichuan Province as none exploratory well is drilled.The distribution,thickness,abundance,types and maturity of potential source rocks are studied based on the field geological investigation and chemical analysis.The results show that the regional main source rocks are Qiongzhusi Formation of Lower Cambrian,Linxiang-Wufeng Formation of Upper Ordovician,Longmaxi Formation of Lower Silurian,Maokou Formation-Qixia Formation of Lower Permian and Xujiahe Formation of Upper Triassic,including carbonate source rocks and mud source rocks.Total organic carbon method is used with the simulation technique to calculate the hydrocarbon genetic content.The total volume of hydrocarbons generation amounts to 1 193.89×1011 cubic meters and total resources,5.157×1011 cubic meters,which indicates the area has a great exploration potential.It is believed that the Longmaxi Formation is the best major effective source rocks,with wide distribution,big thickness and high abundance of organic matter,with the resources up to 2.12×1011 cubic meters,about 41.28% of the total resources.Especially,the organic matter abundance is higher and reaches from 0.32% to 6.07% in middle and lower parts of the Formation.Qiongzhusi Formation of Lower Cambrian is the second effective,with the total resource up to 1.218×1011 m3.The source rocks in Qixia Formation and Maokou Formation contain abundant organic matter,with TOC value more than 0.2% in most part of the study area,accounting for 0.99×1011 m3,0.42×1011 m3 respectively.While Linxiang-Wufeng Formation and Xujiahe Formation are thin,with restricted distribution of the source rocks and limited generation potential of hydrocarbons.An integrated study shows that the northern part of Leibo nose salient,Mabian-Suijiang Sag and the middle part of Liangdong-Meidu Fault Depression are prospective exploration regions,because of their abundant hydrocarbon resources and good conditions of hydrocarbon preservation.


FIELD: gas industry. SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to lifting of solid material from bottom of basin, such as deep sea, lake or river, above water surface. In bubble gas lift system (10) in upper end section of lifting pipeline (11) is arranged under pressure chamber (21). Chamber generates pressure in upper section of pipeline (11) in order to suppress increase in volume ratio of bubbles to mixed fluid extending inside pipeline (11), in shallow region. Upper end of pipeline (11) is not opened into atmosphere, but is introduced into pressurised chamber (21), so as to prevent expansion of gas bubbles. Deaerator (14) for removing bubbles, separated by centrifugal force, is also provided in median section of pipeline (11) in shallow area to provide more uniform distribution of bubbles within entire pipeline (11). EFFECT: inventions are aimed at providing efficient gas-lift system of target material in form of suspension, having a higher specific weight than surrounding water, which makes system and method efficient and operational even in a deep water area. 12 cl, 5 dwg


Globalization has demanded for more competitive higher education institutions. Like other services sector , it is important that higher learning institutions understand the perceptions and expectations of head of households because they are the decision influencers for their children' education. This paper examines households' view on the important criteria's in selecting higher education institutions. Personal interview with 4000 households from 11 states of Peninsular Malaysia were carried out. Data were analyzed using Factor Analysis. Based on comparison of means, rankings of variables influencing higher education institutions choice decision by important are as follows: financial aid, safety of the campus, academic reputation, university image and accommodation. Further, through factor analysis, three dimensions were revealed in explaining the decision criteria's of Malaysian households, i.e., (1) personal factors, (2) socialization and (3) campus, program and cost.


Mr. Henry A. Sharp says of the dictionary catalogue, "I found it in almost every American library that I visited in 1935". (Cataloguing, 2nd ed., 1937, p. 29.) Why is it that our public librarians show little inclination to follow this excellent example from the United States? There are eight public library systems with which I have some familiarity (six urban and two county). Of these all except one use the classified catalogue, and I gather that this experience is typical.


tag=1 data=Aboriginal women and the criminal justice system. by Sharon Payne.

tag=2 data=Payne, Sharon

tag=3 data=Aboriginal Law Bulletin.

tag=4 data=2

tag=5 data=46

tag=6 data=October 1990

tag=7 data=9-11.

tag=8 data=ABORIGINAL CULTURE%WOMEN

tag=10 data=Aboriginal women's contact with the justice system does not only involve direct contact with police, the judiciary or prisons.

tag=11 data=1990/2/12

tag=12 data=486

tag=13 data=CAB


Writing computer-generated holograms have been achieved by using a near infrared femtosecond laser selective ablation of metal film deposited on glass substrate. The diffraction features with data reconstruction of the fabricated computer-generated holograms were evaluated. Both transmission and reflection holograms can be fabricated in a single process. The process requires no mask, no pre- or post-treatment of the substrate.


The subject of this thesis concerns the tense situation of the pregnant employee in Sweden. Drawing on the critical ontology of Michel Foucault the situation is characterized as a specific problema ...


For millennia, jade has been valued in many cultures in Chinese archaeology. The favoured types and sources of jade have changed over time, as has our knowledge of the stones themselves. One of the greatest problems in dealing with archaeological jades is the correct identification of the stones in order to trace their source and thereby understand the social relations underlying their patterns of procurement, pro duction, and consumption. This paper examines the problems of identification and sourcing of Chinese archaeological jades from a worldwide point of view, dissecting terminological problems arising from mineralogy and rock geochemistry, and expli citly identifying the geological constraints on the formation of nephrite and jadeite. In particular, the role of plate tectonics in determining the occurrence of jade provides an overarching perspective on where in China jade sources might occur and how nephrite might be mined and distributed, together with its associated rocks and minerals. The latter associations are equally important to this jade sourcing endeavour.


great importance are Cherchi's observations on the decay of the dialogic genre and on the eclipse of the epic and chivalric hero (who was dominated or motivated by an "efficient cause" and throughout his/her life tried to reach or regain a state of perfection), gradually supplanted by the novelistic hero, who "must make real his own world of passions and of personal ambitions and potentialities" (303). This excellent, intelligently conceived, and very convincingly argued book should be of great interest to a wide readership of early modernists in various disciplines.


OBJECTIVE To explore risk factors of hepatitis E-induced hemolytic anemia and to provide references for prevention and treatment.METHODS This study included 175 patients with hepatitis E,including 85 patients with hemolytic anemia in group A and 90 patients without hemolytic anemia in group B.Patients' medical history and basic information were recorded and multivariate regression analysis was conducted.RESULTS Univariate analysis results showed there was statistically significant difference in age of 45 or older,enlarged liver and spleen,G-6-PD deficiency,taking anticoagulants,bleeding history,hyperlipidemia,cholelithiasis,IBIL,DBIL,PTA,prothrombin time,ALT and AST between the two groups(P﹤0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in sex,ALP,Ch,TP and A/G(P﹥0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that G-6-PD deficiency,hyperlipidemia,increased PTA,and extended prothrombin time were independent risk factors of hepatitis E-induced hemolytic anemia(P﹤0.05).CONCLUSION G-6-PD deficiency,hyperlipidemia,increased PTA,and extended prothrombin time are risk factors of hepatitis E-induced hemolytic anemia.It is necessary to address those risk factors to reduce the occurrence of hemolytic anemia in future intervention.


In bibliometrics, the association of "impact" with central-tendency statistics is mistaken. Impacts add up, and citation curves therefore should be integrated instead of averaged. For example, the journals MIS Quarterly and Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology differ by a factor of 2 in terms of their respective impact factors (IF), but the journal with the lower IF has the higher impact. Using percentile ranks (e.g., top-1%, top-10%, etc.), an Integrated Impact Indicator (I3) can be based on integration of the citation curves, but after normalization of the citation curves to the same scale. The results across document sets can be compared as percentages of the total impact of a reference set. Total number of citations, however, should not be used instead because the shape of the citation curves is then not appreciated. I3 can be applied to any document set and any citation window. The results of the integration (summation) are fully decomposable in terms of journals or institutional units such as nations, universities, and so on because percentile ranks are determined at the paper level. In this study, we first compare I3 with IFs for the journals in two Institute for Scientific Information subject categories ("Information Science & Library Science" and "Multidisciplinary Sciences"). The library and information science set is additionally decomposed in terms of nations. Policy implications of this possible paradigm shift in citation impact analysis are specified. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Preferred exemplary embodiments of the present application provide formulations and methods for the delivery of drugs, particularly drugs of abuse, comprising an abuse-related drug substantially confined in the core and a non-abuse-related drug contained in the non-core region. These formulations are less abused. In the formulation, preferably the abuse-related drug is an opioid and the non-abuse-related drug is acetaminophen or ibuprofen. More preferably, the opioid is hydrocodone and the non-abuse-related analgesic is acetaminophen. In certain preferred embodiments, the formulation is characterized by poor solvent extraction, fraud, crushing or crushing. Certain embodiments of the present invention provide a formulation that ensures long-term controllable drug release after an initial burst of drug release.


The invention designs a preparation method of an alumina-tin oxide composite nanotube. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: preparing a polymer solution, and preparing polymer fiber by using an electrostatic spinning method; aging the fiber in a drying box, and then preparing an aluminum oxide film and a tin oxide film on the fiber by an atomic layer deposition method; at last sintering the composite fiber at high temperature to obtain the alumina-tin oxide composite structure nanotube. The polymer is one selected from polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate or a combination thereof and the mass concentration of the polymer solution is 5-10%. The advanced atomic layer deposition technology can enable the prepared nanotube to gain a wall with uniform thickness and wilfully and precisely adjustable size; and good repeatability guarantees stability of quality of the composite nanotube. The nanotube can be used as gas sensor to improve the sensitivity and response speed of the gas sensor.


West European states sought to form contacts on various levels with the countries belonging to the Eastern bloc. In the fourth chapter, "The Problem of Germany," he analyzes the Eastern and German policy of Bonn's Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, Ludwig Erhard, and Kurt Georg Kiesinger. Korbel's assertion that "the Federal Republic of Germany, until 1970, was the sole exception to this trend of detente in Europe" (p. 33) is inaccurate, and indeed is corrected by him at other points, when he for example rightly shows that under Chancellor Erhard in 1963.and 1964 the Federal Republic agreed to an exchange of trade missions with the states of the Eastern bloc, except Czechoslovakia (p. 145). In the final chapter the author describes "Brandt's Detente." He writes, "The new coalition government brought to an end the dream of reunification that had persisted for twenty long years. In place of the illusion, it substituted the reality of a policy of reconciliation" (p; 187). The clearly euphoric approval by Korbel of Brandt's Ostpolitik has unfortunately led him to a too brief presentation of the disputed questions of this policy and of the divergent interpretations of the treaty concerned. Above all the term "reconciliation" is an overstatement. As long, for example, as Poland is not ready to absolve the Federal Republic of—as it is said—its moral guilt, one can speak only of Bonn's attempt at a "policy of reconciliation," not of any "Warsaw-Bonn reconciliation." Just as excessive is Korbel's reference to "Bonn-Moscow reconciliation." The great expectations that the conclusion of the Moscow treaty evoked for the Soviets' German policy have unfortunately not been fulfilled. Korbel would have increased the value of his assertions if he had at least indicated in concise form these consequences of Bonn's Ostpolitik.


The use of two deformable mirrors (DM) with finite conjugate ranges is studied for compensating amplitude and phase distortions due to laser propagation through turbulence atmosphere. The Strehl ratio versus the log-amplitude variance (also known as the Rytov parameter) and the conjugate range of the second deformable mirror are plotted. The conclusion is drawn that an adaptive optics transmitting system with two DMs can clearly improve theoretical performance (compared to a system with one DM) in delivering energy on target through atmospheric turbulence. The second DM placed at a finite conjugate range can minimize lost energy outside the radius of


Abstract While there has been a marked decrease in the use of imprisonment in Japan in the post-War era, there has been a startling rise in the female incarceration rate of late. This upsurge is due primarily to the increase in prison admissions of females convicted of stimulant-drug offenses. A careful longitudinal analysis of the distribution of other crimes for which women are sent to prison is presented, as is a discussion of sentence length. The changing role of women in the Japanese culture is also examined.


The 1960s Britain that gave birth to the Beatles as well as British cultural studies was still considered as predominantly a mono-cultural, monolingual society split by traditionally marked class divisions. Even though changes in the structure of educational opportunity had begun to erode class differences through the broadening of access to education over the preceding decade, and even though post-colonial immigration had begun to bring cultural heterogeneity, Britain remained a predominantly white, class-based society (Halsey 1980, 1995). Social class divisions were manifest in most aspects of daily life including most forms of public discourse. Basil Bernstein's achievement was to propose as early as the 1950s that these discourse differences themselves resulted in the differentiated social experiences of class. His writings introduced the notion of language difference into the debate over the consequences of educational opportunity and its propensity for social change (Bernstein 1958, 1959, 1972). The intellectual climate of these debates forms a necessary background for reading Bernstein's theorizing and for his early empirical investigations. From today's perspective Basil Bernstein is known as one of the seminal figures in early sociolinguistics whose work played a part in setting an agenda for the new discipline (Cazden, John & Hymes 1974; Gumperz & Hymes 1972; Dittmar 1976). While what are now regarded as dominant sociolinguistic paradigms had originated in the US, Bernstein's focus on language as a cultural force was mediated through his more European concern with the problems of the perpetuation of a class divided society. At the time Bernstein was writing many linguists and sociolinguists tended to take a largely descriptive approach to issues of social difference, by looking at the variability of specific features of language and relating these to a priori social


In New York, DeVry University operates as DeVry College of New York. DeVry University operates as DeVry Institute of Technology in Calgary, Alberta. DeVry is certified to operate by the State Council of Higher Education for Virginia. AC0060. DeVry University is authorized for operation by the THEC, www.state.tn.us/thec. Nashville Campus – 3343 Perimeter Hill Dr., Nashville, TN 37211. Licensed by the Mississippi Commission on Proprietary School and College Registration, Certification No. C-498. ©2013 DeVry Educational Development Corp. Page 1 of 1 Student Information:


Ni(II) salts and the tetradentate thioether-thiolate 'S 4 #75C 2 ' 2- (=1,2-bis(2-mercaptophenylthio)ethane(2#75)) yield [Ni('S 4 -C 2 ')] x , that also forms when Na 2 [Ni('S 2 ') 2 ] ('S 2 ' 2- =o-benzenedithiolate(2#75)) is alkylated by 1,2-dibromoethane. In boiling pyridine 1 adds two solvent molecules and gives pseudooctahedral [Ni(pyr) 2 ('S 4 #75C 2 ')] which was characterized by X-ray structure determination


AbstractThis paper provides analyses for the reasons behind the different fates of 1989 movements in Eastern Europe and in China. Many Sinologists have suggested that the cultural peculiarities of China necessitate the disentanglement of Tiananmen Democracy Movement from broader 1989 narrative. This paper demonstrates the epistemological constraints resulting from the academic disentanglement between Chinese and Eastern European revolutions of 1989 and argues that many of the socalled Chinese peculiarities within Tiananmen Movement were prevalent in Eastern European revolutions of 1 989. Hence, neither students' mobilization nor their failure can be explained through an exotic quest for Confucian values or Asiatic despotism. Instead of making farstretched speculations on the impacts of distant Confucian past, I will suggest one has to consider the structure of People Liberation Army, China's post-1978 integration to world capitalism, and the subsequent shiftin the subjectivity among the new urban youth in the so-called postmodern era.Keywords: Tiananmen Square, 1989 movements, neoculturalism, People's Liberation Army, global cultureJEL classification: A14, H12, P16, Z131. IntroductionWe are living in the post-1 989 era.Although the repressive nature of Communist regimes in China and Eastern Europe was hardly a secret before 1 989, total moral and ideological collapse of "actually existing socialism" signified the demise of the revolutionary Leftas a universal alternative to global capitalism. Everything that twentieth-century communism represented, from Lenin to Mao, from radical redistribution of wealth to the collective (or state) ownership of the means of production, became obsolete. While rightwing fundamentalism and neo-liberal economic policies gained currency at a global level, "class politics", once the core principle of international Left, became increasingly irrelevant for the mainstream political scene. Yet even after almost twenty-five years, it is surprising to see that there have been few attempts to understand the global meanings of the year "1 989". Scholars working on the collapse or persistence of totalitarian regimes in Europe and China largely focus only on one side of the story (East European or Chinese) with very limited reference to success or failure of communisms in other parts of the world. The old question of why the 1 989 the revolutions succeeded in Eastern Europe but not in China seems to be forgotten.In Sinology, in particular, there have been conscious attempts to disentangle Tiananmen Square from the broader 1 989 narrative. Marie- Claire Bergere, for instance, suggests that since "China has its own idiosyncrasies, its own political culture, its own geographical characteristics and its own historical and demographic peculiarities," the disentanglement of the 1 989 stories of Eastern Europe and China is necessary. (Bergere, 2003: 241 ) Similarly, Elizabeth Perry emphasizes the importance of "deeper reality that is essentially Chinese" (i.e. Confucian intellectual elitism), while Lucian Pye notes the repressive characteristics of Chinese state tradition. (Perry, 1 992: 1 48; Pye, 1 990) In other words, these scholars suggest that China's peculiar cultural norms played crucial role in the beginning and the end of Tiananmen Democracy Movement and this peculiarity requires us to approach China's 1 989 separately from the East European revolutions.This paper aims to demonstrate the epistemological constraints resulting from academic disentanglement between Tiananmen and European stories of 1 989. First, I will discuss so-called Chinese peculiarities, which Sinologists often emphasize for explaining the emergence and demise of Tiananmen Movement. I will argue these socalled Chinese features cannot be considered as "peculiarity" because they were prevalent in Eastern Europe as well. Hence, neither students' mobilization nor their failure can be explained through an exotic quest for Confucian values or Asiatic despotism. …


The invention telematics using a distributed speech recognition system in which the results relate to providing information of the telematics system, the system, in particular, performing distributed speech recognition, and local voice recognition of the remote at the same time and in time fast or accurate recognition can select by the user, using a distributed speech recognition system for receiving information provided by the service center in the system provides information of the telematics system to a system and method. By this invention produce a speech feature data by detecting a speech characteristic of the speech, and transmits to generate the speech feature data in response to the transmission of the speech feature data from the utterance sound control information for the voice control received under receiving the telematics terminal and the speech feature data to be notified to the user and receives the distributed speech recognition server, the recognition control for transmitting the speech recognition recognition control by performing speech recognition using the speech feature data, wherein and a database server by looking up the corresponding information in the recognized word sent, if the transmission receives the speech feature data from the telematics terminal to the distributed speech recognition server and enter eoga the identification in response to the transmission of the speech feature data to the database server, and transmitting a response to the recognized word to the transmission When information is received from the database server for the recognized word comprises a Web server that is transmitted to the telematics terminal. Telematics, speech recognition, DSR, web server


Abstract We employed a bioassay using soybean seeds and native prairie bush clover (Lespedeza capitata) seeds to demonstrate that legumes may be rare throughout secondary succession in nitrogen-poor grasslands due to a lack of suitable rhizobia and consequently lower growth rates.


Oilfield produced water is the largest waste stream generated during oil and gas production and it has a high potential for contamination of marine environments when disposed without treatment. However, effective treatment before disposal is acceptable, but meeting the approved standards for discharge remains a challenge for the petroleum industry. To determine the extent of compliance with regulated standards in the Niger Delta, the physicochemical properties of produced water from two oil fields before and after treatment were investigated in this study. Concentrations of heavy metals and organic compounds in the water samples were analysed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer and gas chromatography respectively. Results show that oilfield waters from the Niger Delta contain high concentrations of heavy metals and organic compounds. It is observed that treated produced waters for disposal fall below the approved standards for heavy metals and organic compounds while concentrations of dissolved oxygen fall below 5mg/l which is detrimental to aquatic organisms. Disposal of large volumes of such waters into the ecosystem over an extended period of time endangers aquatic lives and degrades the marine environment. It is therefore recommended that produced water be re-injected back into the very formations from where they are produced to ensure environmental protection and preservation of marine ecosystems.


There is considered a mean square convergence of a stochastic approximation algorithm, are derived, formelas of the asimptotical variances of the solution estimations, which are right for dependent observations as well, is defined optimal consequence of coefficients.


Two solving methods of Hill48 yield criterion based on stress anisotropy and deformation anisotropy, respectively, are analyzed in detail. The limitation of Hill48 yield criterion is discussed with presenting two kinds of expressions of the solving method of the anisotropic parameters. The uniaxial tensile tests of 5754O aluminum alloy sheet along different directions are carried out. With different solving methods of anisotropic parameters, the theoretical stress-strain curves and the deformation rule during the tension process along different directions are derived. By comparing the theoretical and experimental results, the effect of the solving method on the accuracy of the yield criterion is analyzed. Based on two kinds of solving methods of the parameters the finite element simulations of the deep drawing test of 5754O aluminum alloy sheet are carried out and the accuracy of different solving methods on describing the earing phenomenon is discussed. It is concluded that the solving problem based on stress anisotropy should be used for the research object mainly related to stress anisotropy, while that based on deformation anisotropy should be used for the research objecet mainly related to deformation anisotropy. This research has important reference value for the reasonable application of yield criterion on sheet metal forming.


This paper examines the content, currency, and usability of CRC Press's ENGnetBASE, a collection of engineering handbooks published in electronic format. CRC Press's editorial staff's responses to a set of questions on e‐content publication practices show that the print and electronic formats are published concurrently, print titles are not dropped from the database, and some CRC titles are released to other electronic book databases. The usage statistics from ENGnetBASE for Texas A&M indicate that users accessed the database from various locations, viewed titles throughout the day, and in many instances used the library catalog to access the titles. Best practices and lessons learned from this study include suggestions on how to maximize access to ENGnetBASE, such as by adding MARC records into the library catalog to provide an additional access point and by marketing to populations identified by the usage statistics.


To carry out the strategic policy of making the country prosperous and stable with science and education, Jilin province definites the policy of making the province prosperous and stable with science and eduction as the developmental strategy in the cross century. Therefore, the reformation and development of colleges and universities must take special aim at the service of making the province prosperous and stable with science and education, strengthen the study of the basic theory, help the whole-newly construction of the local industry structure by making a breakthrough at research findings. We should also pay attention to training the innovating persons, drive the local industry to have a quick increase by using the complex persons who are directed and quantified, quicken foe transformation of research results and make the benefit of the local scientific industry increase greatly by development and application of the innovation knowledge.


A study has reported a link between postpartum psychosis in women within 2 weeks after childbirth and a future risk of developing it.


Effective estimation of voltage flicker components plays an important role in distribution systems for either flicker meters or flicker compensators. A novel approach has been presented in this paper to accurately estimate voltage flicker components by using the improved Teager energy operator (ITEO) and the improved chirp-Z transform (ICZT). The error correction factor K of the Teager energy operator is presented and ITEO is established to reduce the extraction errors of voltage flicker waveform. ICZT is used to extract the frequency and magnitude of the voltage envelope which is corrected by the K factor of ITEO. The effects of signal sampling rate, sampling number, spectrum subdivision points of ICZT, voltage harmonics and interharmonics, frequency fluctuation, and white noise are investigated. The implementation of the proposed approach in the digital-signal-processor platform is also introduced. Multiple simulation and experimental test application results validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed approach.


Concrete is one of the most commonly used materials in the field of construction. The main ingredients of concrete mix are aggregate, sand, cement and water. Usually, fine aggregate and cement used for concrete mix is river sand and ordinary Portland cement. Since excessive excavation of river sand causes erosion and failure to river beds which is becoming a serious environmental problem, to overcome this issue oyster shell is introduced to replace the river sand. The key point of this research was to develop a high performance concrete by replacing river sand with oyster shell and experimentally determine the effect of shell with the concrete. On this research the differences in the concrete properties with river sand and oyster shell will be determine and compared. Further, metakaolin and marble powder is to be used to add strength and give better workability to the concrete. This experiment is to be carried out using several tests which include initial tests for cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate, workability, compressive, tensile and flexural test etc.


ABSTRACT We report the results of an in-depth study of 119 youths at the Hillsborough County (Tampa), Florida, Juvenile Assessment Center involved in a community-based intervention study. Comparisons were made of the male and female youths on a wide range of demographic, offense and psychosocial characteristics. Consistent with previous research, results indicated that male youths were more involved in delinquent activities, whereas female youths came from more troubled family backgrounds involving sexual victimization. Conclusions are drawn regarding the health service implications of these findings.


The conclusion seems inescapable, if the facts in Emonds & Faarlund are more or less right: Middle English would be the outcome of a shift from West Germanic grammar to an eccentric form of North Germanic grammar.


This research presents the design and simulation of chipless RFID tag based on retransmission. Chipless RFID tag design using inverted L-shaped multi-resonator is proposed in this research. The coding capacity of the tag is 10 bits and the design is simulated using FR4 substrate. Total of 2^(10 ) individual data can be encoded through the proposed design. Occupied frequency range of the design is from 2 GHz to 4 GHz. Chipless RFID tags have its wide applications due to its low cost and compact structure. The printed versions of this tags can be effectively employed in supply chain management for industries.


Immunohematology is an area dedicated to the study of the interactions of the immune system and blood cells in transfusion practice. Blood transfusion is a therapeutic technique that has been widely used since the 17th century. The transfusion medicine aims to repair the pathological needs of blood components in the living organism, be it red blood cells, plasma, platelets, clotting factors, among others. Despite being a therapeutic means, transfusion of blood components can be considered at risk because it is a biological material and due to the transfusion immunological reactions that can be caused during or after the moment of transfusion. In the surface structure of red blood cells, numerous molecules of a protein, glycoprotein or glycolipid nature are found, which are also called membrane antigens that make up structures and perform transport functions, as receptors, as adhesion, enzymatic and / or complement regulatory molecules. The formation of these antigens occurs by an approximate amount of 39 genes involved in their production, of which 282 different antigens are organized in more than 30 blood group systems. This antigenic diversity is a major cause of the formation of irregular anti-erythrocyte antibodies. Therefore, with the increase in blood transfusions in surgeries, transplants and clinical treatment of cancer and other chronic diseases, a significant increase in the occurrence of alloimmunizations in polytransfused patients began to be observed. Such biological phenomena motivated us to carry out this study and the antigenic diversity motivated us to elaborate this small compendium where we also describe the main blood groups.


The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) is a professional association that supports professionals that provide services across a broad range of communication sciences and disorders including speech-language pathologists, audiologists, speech, language and hearing scientists and support personnel including speech-language pathology assistants and audiology assistants. ASHA's key areas of focus for the future of speech-language pathology includes educating members and faculty to prepare graduate students for practice in these changed arenas. The purpose of the article is to show how ASHA is actively involved globally and locally in establishing standards and providing services in several domains including prevention and wellness, screening, assessment, treatment, collaboration with other professionals, counselling and modalities, technology and instrumentation as well as population and systems.


The use of a cosmetic gel for controlling a water-retention phenomenon associated with cellulitis is described, which contains a mixture of glycerylpolymethacrylate or glycerylpolyacrylate and of one or more fluidifying solvents chosen from aliphatic alcohols or glycols such as propylene glycol, butylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and ethoxydiglycol.


We establish a version of Seiberg–Witten FloerK-theory for knots, as well as a version of Seiberg–Witten Floer K-theory for 3-manifolds with involutions. The main theorem is a 10/8-type inequality for spin 4-manifolds with boundary and with involutions, and that yields numerous applications to knots, such as genus bounds and stabilizing numbers. We also give applications to get obstructions to extending involutions on 3-manifolds to spin 4-manifolds.


Sedução e heroísmo aims to explore the work of female writers in the context of intellectual debates taking place between Brazil's Republic of Letters and the Belle Époque. It does so by focusing on two works by two authors, namely Duas irmãs (1884) and Celeste (1894) by Maria Benedita Bormann (1853–1902); and Gradações (1897) and A luta (1911) by Emília Bandeira de Melo (1852–1910). Th e book's three chapters are written with a view to analyzing how these authors and their texts highlight issues of gender in a period marked by the convergence of traditional values and the emergence of modern liberal ideas. Chapter 1 sets the scene for the monograph's close reading of its chosen texts. It maps changes taking place in the gendered contours of public life in Brazil's then capital, Rio de Janeiro, emphasizing the increasing visibility of women in the city's spaces, a visibility that extended to the country's literary fi eld, thereby challenging the masculine confi gurations of the Republic of Letters. Drawing on debates regarding the public sphere by Jürgen Habermas and Hannah Arendt, placing them alongside discussions of literature of the Belle Époque by Nicolau Sevcenko as well as feminist scholarship by Simone de Beauvoir and Elaine Showalter, this opening chapter provides a cultural and theoretical context of sorts for the book's analysis of Bormann and Melo's works. Th e book dedicates two chapters to each author and their texts. Chapter 2 focuses on exclusively on Bormann. Starting with an outline of the writer's biography and detailing her participation in the press, it proceeds to analyze Bormann's naturalist novels Duas irmãs and Celeste. Th ese analyses draw attention to how the female protagonists of both novels are seduced by discourses that off er them possibilities beyond the traditional space of the home. Th e reading of Duas Irmãs highlights how the text challenges the traditional role of woman as mother, that is, her reproductive role, through a critical engagement with scientifi c discourses of the day, precisely those that infused naturalism. By doing so Sedução e heroísmo reveals Bormann's destabilization of dominant discourses as well as literary styles. Th is destabilization is at the heart of the analysis of Celeste whose the fi rst person fl ashback narrative is interpreted as an assertion of new female identity that unsettles the fi xed norms of both gender and the novel. Th is undoing of traditional literary and gendered structures is emphasized in Chapter 3, which deals with Melo. Following an outline of Melo's life and work as a journalist, the chapter provides close readings of her collection of stories, Gradações and her naturalist novel A luta. Recognizing the highly diff erent narrative forms of both texts Sedução e heroísmo nevertheless sees them as united in featuring female protagonists who break with preestablished scripts by abandoning the domestic sphere and entering heroically into the public arena.


In the development of new antithrombotic drugs the main target has become the improvement of the net clinical benefit (reduction of major bleeding complications as well as reduction of thromboembolic ischaemic complications), rather than a higher efficacy in terms of reduction of thromboembolic ischaemic events only.1 Standard antithrombin treatment of non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS) in recent years has consisted of unfractionated heparin (UFH) or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), especially enoxaparin, which has been tested most extensively within this group of agents.w1 w2 In patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) the use of UFH is still the major antithrombotic regimen when primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is performed. As an adjunct antithrombin to thrombolytic therapy, enoxaparin has been proven to be more efficacious than UFH, with comparable bleeding rates, and is widely used.w3

In the past few years, new antithrombins have been investigated in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Based on favourable data obtained from large prospective randomised clinical trials, the indirect anti-Xa inhibitor fondaparinux, as well as the direct thrombin inhibitor bivalirudin, have made it into the updated guidelines of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) (tables 1 and 2).1–5 Moreover, new direct anti-Xa inhibitors such as apixaban, rivaroxaban, and otamixaban, as well as the direct antithrombin dabigatran, are still under clinical investigation, and the results of phase II dose finding and safety studies have been published recently.

View this table:

Table 1
Comparison between European and American guidelines for the antithrombotic management of patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes

View this table:

Table 2
American guidelines for antithrombotic management in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction

Figure 1 shows the onset of action of the different antithrombins in the coagulation cascade. This article provides an overview of the results …


In the treatment of gastric cancer total gastrectomy (TG) is one of the most important operation and the esophagojejunal anastomotic leakage is the most important early complication. In our series of 172 consecutive TGs (all controlled with Gastrografin-Rx in fifth postoperative day) we did not have any anastomotic fistula, independently from age, stage, type of limphadenectomy and visceral demolition. We believe that the correct technical performance is the most important factor in the esophagojejunal anastomosis.


A case study and whole-farm modelling approach was used to examine the potential impacts of negative associative effects on milk production and economic performance of two dairy farms in northern Victoria. The two case studies differed in herd and farm size, calving pattern, forages grown and use of labour, but both had production systems based on grazed pasture, grain fed in the dairy at milking and conserved hay fed out in the paddock. The feeding system of each farm was altered by implementing a partial mixed ration (PMR), where cows grazed once a day and received supplements in a well formulated mix once a day. Negative associative effects between feeds were included in the biophysical modelling by deriving a relationship from published studies between declining neutral detergent fibre digestibility and increasing grain intake. Before applying a PMR system, both farms were profitable and earning competitive rates of return after tax, with mean real internal rate of return higher than 5%, and positive mean annual operating profit and mean net present value, at a discount rate of 5%. Feeding a PMR enabled both farms to increase profitability and internal rate of return, particularly if milk production was increased as well, but only when associative effects were less than those in the feeding system based on grain fed in the dairy and hay in the paddock. Increased profitability was also associated with higher standard deviation in annual operating profit, internal rate of return and net present value, in other words risk increased under the PMR feeding system, as the businesses would be more vulnerable to fluctuating supplementary feed prices.


This paper analyzes the means to motivate innovative interventions and to reexamine some others with the aim of promoting a technological culture that supports entrepreneurship and enterprises from the university environment. Different technologies are presented as valuable tools for small and medium-sized enterprises (smes) and entrepreneurs. In addition, joint participation possibilities between them and the academia are discussed, and success stories from the authors' experience are also introduced. It is highlighted that the relationship between university and enterprises should be conceived like a bridge instead of a gap. In this scenario, technologies are unifying blocks: universities focus their studies and research efforts on them while they are also being required by the enterprises.


Consider the problem of estimating the common mean of two normal populations when the order of the unknown variances is known. In this article we have constructed a simple improved estimator which is better than the usual Graybill-Deal estimator in terms of stochastic domination.


Three methods of growing bulk crystalline samples of $Sb_{2} Se_{3}$ to provide material for basic studies have been investigated and preliminary characterization is reported. These growth methods were: a) melt-growth, similar to vertical Bridgman, b) dynamic vapor transport over a temperature gradient (Piper-Polich method) and c) a static vapor method in which the source material is transported in nearly iso-thermal conditions. The melt-growth method produced the largest single crystals (up to 4 mm diameter), while the vapor methods both yielded polycrystalline boules with mm-sized grains. Powder XRD confirmed the boules to comprise orthorhombic $Sb_{2} Se_{3}$, having lattice parameters a = 11.7808 Å b = 3.9767 Å and c = 11.6311 Å. Cleavage facets were parallel to (100). Raman peaks at 191 (Ag and 211 cm-1 were excited anisotropically. FTIR reflectance features showed some sensitivity to s- and ppolarization.


In accord with van der Waals' theory, I have given the name type du retrait complet to systems having two critical solution points and a closed saturation curve. For such systems there is a volume contraction when the components are mixed and the immiscibility surface "recedes" with increasing pressure and eventually disappears: the two components therefore become miscible? if sufficient pressure is applied. In mixtures of this class one component is usually water, heavy water or glycerine, and the second component an organic compound taken from the middle of a homologous series; if a lower homologue is taken, the components become miscible at atmospheric pressure, but the mixture displays all the anomalies usually observed in the neighbourhood of a critical point. It would therefore be possible to study. the saturation curve only using a negative pressure, and I have pointed out a possibility of evaluating the magnitude of the required negative pressure by making use of a third component which displaces the saturation curve so that it appears at ordinary pressures. This theory has been practically forgotten abroad, but I wish to point out its usefulness in explaining many apparent anomalies to be found with such common systems as aqueous solutions of the lower alcohols, acetone, pyridine, etc.


This is the report of the conference feedback panel. Panelists offer some synthesis remarks and observations and provide a perspective that rounds out a lot of the technical material presented at the conference. Panelists focus on the following two questions: What are the greatest strengths offered by remote sensing technologies to transportation and program activities? What is being done to address current weaknesses of the technology?


The 2-D Optical Phased Array (OPA) antenna based on a Liquid Crystal On Silicon (LCoS) device can be considered for use in free space optical communication as an active beam controlling device. Several examples of the functionality of the device include: beam steering in the horizontal and elevation direction; high resolution wavefront compensation in a large telescope; and beam shaping with the computer generated kinoform. Various issues related to the diffraction efficiency, steering range, steering accuracy as well as the magnitude of wavefront compensation are discussed.


The distribunon and activity of zooplankton were recorded across a temperature front and in relation to phytoplankton distribution in the Buchan area during the last half of September. Egg laying rates of the copepods Acartia tonsa and Temora longicornis, determined in shipboard experiments, closely followed the concentration of chlorophyll, and varied between 0 and an equivalent of 58% body C d. The rates peaked in mixed and particularly frontal water and decreased with increasing intensity of temperature stratification. Copepod egg production rates of three copepod species, inferred from the ratio of egg to female biomass in the water column showed the same magnitude and pattern of variation. Accordingly, the abundance of copepod eggs was highest in mixed and transitional water and declined in stratified water. The distribution of successively older copepod stages showed de creasingly interpretable relationships to hydrography and abundance of phytoplankton. Copepod production in absolute terms showed a similar relation to hydrography as did the specific (egg) production rates, and varied between Ca. 200-300 eg C m3 d1 in mixed and frontal water and between 50-150 g C m3 d' in stratified water. Total copepod biomass showed a different relation to hydrography than did production, viz. it was higher jo stratified than in mixed and transitional water. However, biomäss peaks were evident in transitional water for small sized (30-200 sm) cope pods, and in the course of the study an additional peak of total copepod biomass evolved in transitional water. Tt is suggested that in the Buchan area frontal water may provide the best longterm average feeding conditions for herring larvae, even though the conditions at any specific point in time may be somewhat different.


Using electron microscopic immunohistochemistry we have shown that strong glutamate‐immunoreactivity (glutamate‐ir) is present in neuronal cell bodies of the nodose ganglion, axons in the tractus solitarius and afferent terminals in the nucleus tractus solitarii. Vagal afferent fibres were specifically labelled by transganglionic retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Fifty‐seven per cent of the HRP‐labelled terminals in the dorsomedial medulla were found to contain a high level of glutamate‐ir, suggesting that a population of vagal afferent fibres uses glutamate as a neurotransmitter substance. There were no apparent ultrastructural differences between glutamate‐ir and non‐glutamate‐ir vagal afferent terminals, both classes mainly containing rounded vesicles and forming asymmetric synapses. However, some difference in their preference for postsynaptic target was noted. The great majority (83%) of non‐glutamate‐ir vagal afferent terminals made axodendritic synapses, but only just over half (57%) of the glutamate‐ir vagal terminals made synaptic contact with dendrites. Approximately 13% of the HRP‐labelled terminals were found to make synaptic contact with HRP‐labelled dendrites or soma of motoneurones of the dorsal vagal motor nucleus, confirming the existence of monosynaptic connections between vagal afferent fibres and vagal motoneurones.


The cloud is redefining the IT architectures of various business domains. Organizations have clearly recognized the unlimited benefits of cloud like dynamic payloads on the technical side and elastic financial models on the commercial side which guarantees in greater than before efficiency. The benefits of cloud computing can be maximized fully by applying novel technologies in security and risk management processes. The risk factors in terms of security is much more in public cloud computing compared to traditional computing which are bases on datacenter . In a highly shared ad hoc cloud environment which is in the control of instance-to-instance network connectivity security of the applications and sensitive data is a big challenge faced by the cloud providers. As the entire stack of applications, platform, infrastructure of the cloud is designed and managed by service providers the cloud users are uncertain about the security. This paper studies the generic security challenges in an ad hoc cloud environment .the security challenges and mitigations are discussed in section I. A survey was conducted with users of cloud from domains like health care, education and retail business. Analysis of survey data and the results are also discussed in section II.


In the process of learning and teaching,the writer finds that ,in translating Japanese into Chinese,there are all kinds of error and mistake between the exercises and the original works.In order to make the problem explicit and be convincing,the paper gathers some mistaken translations of the experts in this field,and at the same time put them into five categories approximately according to the reason.By analyzing the mistaken translations,the article hopes to be instructive to the students of learning Japanese-Chinese translation.


This paper attempts to develop a data transfer scheme with a view to sufficiently provision the hose model of the Virtual Private Network (VPN) and accomplish the desired degree of performance. The basic idea is to extract a service comparable to that of a private dedicated network with leased lines for the endpoints of the VPN. The service providers are expected to guarantee the required bandwidth, in order to address Quality of Service (QoS) issues while employing a VPN over a shared network. Thus a tree based mechanism is generated through which well defined resource management procedures are devised to optimize the available bandwidth. The data packets forwarded through such predetermined paths serve to ensure secure communication between customer sites. The NS2 based simulation results are included to demonstrate the merits of the designed approach and highlight the suitability of VPN for real time applications.


Abstract Observations were made in a white clover (Trifolium repens L.) evaluation study on differential cultivar resistance to stem nematode [Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kuhn) Filipjev] damage in 1983. The cultivars (followed by country of release) were: 'Grasslands Huia' (New Zealand), 'Grasslands Pitau' (New Zealand), G18 (New Zealand), 'Aran' (Ireland), 'Bianca' (Belgium), 'Donna' (United Kingdom), 'Menna' (United Kingdom), 'Nesta' (United Kingdom), and 'Sabeda' (United Kingdom). In pure swards, G18 and Sabeda showed least damage and Pitau and Huia showed most damage. In mixture with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), Pitau and Huia had the lowest clover ground cover and large, conspicuous, clover-free patches developed in Pitau plots. Stem nematode damage appeared in early September, was greater in October, and disappeared by late November. Pitau was slowest to recover from the damage. Our observations suggest that stem nematode infestation contributed to poor stand vigour of Pitau and that the develop...


In this paper, a novel adaptive bandwidth object tracking using sparse approximation is proposed in mean shift framework. In this framework, occlusion, illumination and other challenging issues are addressed seamlessly in real time through bandwidth approximation. To find the tracking target at a new frame, a two step method is used iteratively to find the most probable target candidate position. The first step is to find an appropriate bandwidth which best describes the region range of the object using sparse representation, and the second step is to find the target position using mean shift object tracking framework which has been given the appropriate bandwidth in the first step. In addition, we improve the convergence properties of the mean-shift by approximating the region range of target in the iterative update mechanism. The proposed approach shows excellent performance in comparison with originally proposed trackers.


Mobile edge computing enables mobile devices to offload their computation intensive applications to servers deployed at the network edge for improving energy efficiency. Multiple mobile users may compete for the wireless network resources when uploading their applications, and coordinating the subcarrier resource allocations among the users is important to optimize the system level energy performance. Partitioning an application further provides the flexibility that allows the mobile device to offload the optimum portion of the application in order to take the best advantage of the available radio resources in computation offloading. In this paper, we study joint partitioning decisions and subcarrier assignments in a multi-cell networks. The objective is to minimize the total energy consumption of the mobile users while satisfying the hard completion time requirements of the applications. The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming, which is then decomposed into two coupled sub-problems, one linear programming for the offloading decisions under latency constraint of each application, and another matching game with externalities for subcarrier assignments. A joint subcarrier allocation and offloading decision algorithm is proposed, in which matching theory is used to design the user-subcarrier assignments, based on which the optimal offloading ratio is derived for each user. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can greatly reduce the average energy consumption of the mobile users, compared to several other subcarrier assignment and offloading schemes.


The high theoretical capacity (3860 mAh g-1) and electrochemical potential of lithium (-3.040V v/s standard hydrogen electrode) makes it a promising candidate as a negative electrode for next-generation batteries.1 However, lithium electrodeposition on the metal anode surface creates dendrites that can lead to short-circuiting of the cell and loss of cyclability.
 There have been several approaches to modeling lithium electrodeposition in literature. Our past work entailed modeling the deposition as a moving interface, where the equations undergo coordinate transformation to track the changes in concentration and potential as deposition occurs.2 We have also shown that inducing convection in the boundary conditions at the moving interface that properly conserves the mass of lithium in the domain.3

 The electrodeposition of lithium on the metal anode produces signatures in the voltage response of the cell. In the past, we have shown that these signatures can be simulated with models that capture the transport phenomena during electrodeposition.
 This work extends our previous approaches to model the electrodeposition on the surface of the metal anode for a full-cell configuration, which includes a porous cathode. The influences of lithium electrodeposition on the voltage response for different cathode materials are analyzed.

 References

 D. Lin, Y. Liu, and Y. Cui, Nat. Nanotechnol., 12, 194 (2017).

 M. Uppaluri, A. Subramaniam, L. Mishra, V. Viswanathan, and V. R. Subramanian, J. Electrochem. Soc., 167, 160547 (2020).

 L. Mishra et al., J. Electrochem. Soc., 168, 092502 (2021).


Aphid samplings were accomplished at three "Valencia" orange orchards in the municipalities of Hidalgo, Padilla and Victoria, Tamaulipas, from September 1995 to April 1996 during 12 collecting dates. Fifteen trees per orchard were sampled and infested shoots were collected from three strata of the tree height. The aphid species found were Aphis gossypii (Glover), Aphis spiraecola (Patch), Aphis fabae (Scopoli) and Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe) in a contagious distribution; medium stratum was the most preferred. The absence of Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy) during the period of study was confirmed. Natural enemies found were four Coccinellidae species (Hippodamia sp., Cycloneda sp., Brachyacantha sp. and Stethorus sp.), two Syrphidae species (Ocyptamies sp. and Pseudodorus clavatus Fabricius), one Chrysopidae (Chrysoperla rufilabris Burmeister) and one Chamaemyiidae (Leucopis sp.) as predators; Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) (Braconidae) as primary parasitoid, and Alloxysta megouzae (Ashm.) (Cynipidae) as a secondary parasitoid.


The accounting system must cope with internal and external changes that will generate modifications in the accounting structure and therefore in public and private organizations, which are forced to restructure their processes to deal with these changes that are becoming more complex, at they are presented weaknesses that trigger potential fraud. Forensic accounting entables generating security and avoids fraudulent acts.


Introduction and objectives: The SARS-CoV-2 infection appears to cause functional impairment of cardiopulmonary performance in many athletes. We studied the post-COVID-19 impact on the cardiopulmonary system, through the maximal ergospirometry test, in elite professional soccer players. Material and method: The sample consisted of 10 AFA (Argentine Football Association) first division soccer players, who underwent pre and post COVID-19 infection maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) tests. The variables analyzed were absolute and relative VO2max, maximal aerobic speed (MAS), first ventilatory threshold (VT1), second ventilatory threshold (VT2), maximal heart rate (HRmax) and respiratory exercise ratio (RER). Results: The mean age was 22.4 ± 6.9 years, body mass 71.5 ± 7.1 kg and height 176.2 ± 6.9 cm. Post COVID-19 subjects significantly decreased VO2 VT2 by 18% (P = 0.028) and RER significantly decreased by 5% (P = 0.02). HRmax was the only variable that significantly increased post COVID-19 by 1.8% (P = 0.04). No significant changes was observed in body mass 71.5 ± 7.1 vs 73.9 ± 7.4 (P< 0.118), VO2max 61.7 ± 5.2 vs 59.0 ± 5.1 ml·kg·min-1 (P<0,213), MAS 18.7 ± 0.9 vs 18.6 ± 0.5 km·h-1 (P<0,739), VO2VT1 39.2 ± 4.0 vs 37.8 ± 4.3 ml·kg·min-1 (P<0.460), speed al VT1 11.6 ± 0.5 vs 11.8 ± 0.6 (P <0.480) and other variables. Conclusion: It seems reasonable and safe to evaluate athletes after SARS-CoV-2 infection with ergospirometry to ensure health conditions and trainability. In this type of athletes (elite soccer players), the use of the second ventilatory threshold (VT2) can be used as a strategy to observe post-COVID-19 changes. The decrease found may be related more to the cessation of training than to cardiopulmonary damage.


Abstract Three methods for the determination of the surface tension of liquids based on force measurements namely, the vertical plate method of Wilhelmy, the frame method of Lenard and the ring method of du Noüy are compared and studied in respect of a common principle of correction. It is shown that these three most important force-based methods allow the determination of the surface tension under static conditions. The force components of the corresponding liquid column below the measuring wire obtained for the straight part of the withdrawal curve up to the transition in its curved part provides exact surface tension values. The experimentally accessible value of the force component describes the physical background of the measured value correction contrary to the approximate equations obtained by mathematical way. Usually the determination of surface tension of liquids is based merely at the vertical plate method on exact equations thermodynamically derived whereas in the case of the frame and ring methods correction factors in approximate equations are used. At usual application of the force-based methods under the non-static condition of the withdrawal of a liquid column, the force maximum measured at withdrawal of the measuring object (plate, frame, or ring) is the basis for the determination of surface tension. In these cases, the measured surface tension values are compensated by correction equations for the frame and ring methods which are based on an correction factor and correction tables empirically obtained. The surface tension values obtained in this usual way agree with those obtained by using the force component of the corresponding liquid column below the measuring wire for the straight part of the withdrawal curve up to the transition in its curved part. Problems arising at the force measurements with increasing thickness of the measuring wires inside and outside the rings are discussed.


The number of elderly people in developed countries is increasing, and the number of individuals suffering from age-related diseases is also growing. Elderly people prefer to live as independently as possible at home, but living independently has its risks, such as falling, weakening bodies, memory loss, and wandering that limit mobility and activities. Basic functions like walking and sleeping are key indicators in determining the performance of an elderly person's home activities. For this reason a low cost, smart and real-time home monitoring system has been developed to collect individual mobility data (walking, sleeping, and going to the washroom) and warns formal or informal caregivers immediately when there is a dangerous event or motor behavior impairment. This paper reports on our current trials of a monitoring system in an Alzheimer's unit to determine the mobility behavior of some patients.


The authors developed fuzzy logic procedure for the exact estimation of ozone concentration in air with variable humidity. The used sensor array consisted of thin film ozone sensor fabricated by the authors and commercial Keithley humidity sensor. Two-input fuzzy sensor model was elaborated using the known calibration data and developing the learning procedure based on genetic algorithms. The performance of the model was tested.


We develop the concept of stakeholder salience to account for stakeholders who should matter to the firm, even when managers do not perceive them as important. While managers are responsible for attributing salience to stakeholders, they can overlook or ignore stakeholder importance because of market frictions that affect managerial perceptions or induce opportunism. When this happens, corporate financial and social performance can suffer. Thus, we propose that the perceptions of organizational and societal stakeholders should also codetermine the salience of the focal stakeholder to the firm. We also propose that stakeholder dialogue can reduce the impacts that market frictions can have on managerial perceptions of stakeholder interests that should matter to the firm. Finally, we discuss how the refined conceptualization of stakeholder salience might have better predictive validity, be more normative, and make instrumental and normative stakeholder theory more convergent.


The use of a linear estimator to estimate random eeects in a Mixed Model is not necessarily optimal if the prior distribution is non-normal. Either a frequentist or Bayesian approach leads to the Best Linear Unbiased Predictor (BLUP), but an empirical Bayes approach produces a multivariate, non-linear, single-pass kernel-based estimator (the General Empirical Bayes or GEB es-timator) that allows relaxed distributional assumptions on the parameters. A suitable loss function is motivated to allow selection of a bandwidth. This loss function requires a technical modii-cation to the familiar kernel form, and this modiied estimator is shown to be asymptotically optimal. 2 3 The GEB estimator is implemented using Splus software. We introduce a class of densities which allow a rotation to independence , and restrict attention to these densities. Simulated longitudinal studies allow comparison of the GEB estimator with the BLUP using three diierent classes of priors. The GEB is found to outperform the BLUP when the prior is Cauchy and for some normal mixtures.


The invention relates to a new production technology of an offset printing PS (pre-sensitized) plate, and provides a new method for producing the offset printing PS plate in a subsection manner. The technical scheme of the new method is characterized in that the production technology of the PS plate is designed into two sections of production technologies comprising a production technology for preparing an electrolytic sand mesh aluminum roll of the offset printing PS plate and a box-type coating drying production technology, a box body is internally provided with a coating machine, a drying box and an energy-saving environment-friendly system for recycling a solvent and reusing heat energy, and the prepared electrolytic sand mesh aluminum roll is subjected to vacuum package. The new method of the production technology provided by the invention is helpful for an investor to purposefully choose a product production technology to invest according to the personal investment ability, has small investment and fast onset of action, and is not only adaptable to being installed and produced at home, but also very adaptable to being installed and produced in the territory of importing countries, so as to effectively evade anti-dumping policies and anti-dumping high tax levying of the importing countries for the PS plate, thus being beneficial to exploitation of the international market, and the new method of the production technology is applied in the field of printing industry.


The preparation of bismaleimide(BMI)/ortho-diallyl bisphenol A(DABPA)/epoxide(E-51) resin systems was discussed,and the best ratio of BMI/DABPA/E-51 ternary system was chosen for mechanical properties,adhesive properties,DMA,TG and other tests to characterize the overall performance of modified adhesive.The results showed that when the ratio(wt) of BMI/DABPA/E-51 was 4:1:1,the tensile strength of the adhesive system was still 5.8MPa in 250℃,and it was suitable for being heat-resistant structural adhesive.


Abstract The variation in drop size distribution (DSD) and the attenuation at higher frequencies are the two major impairments for quantitative rain-rate estimation. The sensitivity of rain-rate estimators (such as reflectivity factor Z, differential reflectivity ZDR, and the specific differential propagation phase shift KDP), to the variations in DSD, raindrop shape parameter, and also to the variation in temperature, is examined at 13.8 GHz using the T-matrix procedure. It has been found that KDP is not only less sensitive to the variations in these physical quantities but is also linearly related to rain rate. The degree of deviation in KDP due to raindrop shape variation is almost comparable to that due to the DSD variations. The computed phase shift upon backscattering, δ, is a very large quantity at 13.8 GHz (e.g., δ = 24° for a raindrop with 6.5 mm diameter). It has been noticed that δ is almost comparable to KDP and even higher than KDP, especially at lower rain rates. Nevertheless, through proper...


The innovation and development of traditional Chinese patterns, a treasure of the cultural and artistic legacy, calls for enriching their contents by absorbing the cream of excellent patterns of various other artistic fields, of different nationalities and countries. Efforts should be made to attach traditional patterns new eastern cultural concept of modern times so as to create better works of patterns.


obtained stable vital signs and relieved preoperative anxiety with nasal sufentanil in adults.2 We prospectively studied the sufentanil plasma con- centrations following nasal administration in paediatric outpatients. We gave 15 ASA I and II unpremedicated patients sufentanil, 2 Isg" kg -~, as nasal drops from a tu- berculin syringe while the child was kept supine by the parent. No other opioids were given in the perioperative period. Ten minutes later the child was transferred to the OR for an inhalational induction of anaesthesia with nitrous oxide and halothane. Venous blood samples were collected in heparinized tubes at 15, 30, 60, 90, and 150 rain after the sufentanil was given. Plasma sufentanil con- centration was measured by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry assay sensitive to 0.02 ng" ml -l sufentanil with a coefficient of variation 5-6%. 3 All patients had a sufentanil concentration greater than 0.1 ng" ml -~ at the first interval sampled. The highest measured plasma sufentanil concentration occurred 15 min after intranasal administration in eight patients and at 30 rain in the other seven patients (Figure). The plasma concentration of sufentanil at 150 min was < 0.08 ng. m1-1. This concentration corresponds to the clinical observations of sedation, analgesia, and pruritus. Our experience with intranasal sufentanil is that it serves as an alternative method of premedication which facilitates the smooth induction of anaesthesia. While the onset of sedation is rapid, the peak plasma sufentanil concentrations may not occur for 30 min. Sufentanil plasma concentrations associated with analgesia persist well into the postoperative period. The technique may, therefore, be inappropriate for short diagnostic proce- dures which are not associated with postoperative pain.


HCl-doped poly(o-anisidine ) (PANIS-HCl) and undoped poly(o-anisidine) (PANIS-base) were blended with poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) ( PMOx) or poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEOx) by solution casting from dimethyl sulfoxide. Blends containing 50 wt % or less of PANIS-HCI or PANIS-base were flexible and homogeneous. The glass transition temperature of the blend continuously shifted away from that of PMOx or PEOx with increasing PANIS-HCI or PANIS-base content, indicating miscibility. The shift in the T g value was larger for the PMOx blend than for the corresponding PEOx blend, suggesting a stronger interpolymer interaction in the former blend. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic studies indicated the presence of specific interactions in the blends as evidenced by the changes of C=O and NH bands. Blends containing 50 wt % of PANIS-HCI showed conductivity of about 10 -4 S/cm.


An apple is a comestible fruit produced by an apple tree (Malus x domestica Borkh). Cider is generally defined as an alcoholic libation attained by stirring apple juice. Cider product also plays a promising part in the apple fruit assiduity and the libation assiduity. The present trial was carried out during 2022 in Post- Harvest Laboratory of Department of Horticulture, SHUATS, Prayagraj. The trial was conducted in Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with 9 treatments, replicated thrice. The treatments were T1- Apple Juice( 500 ml) Sugar( 100 gm) incitement (0.5 gm), T2- Apple Juice( 500 ml) Sugar (100 gm) incitement (1.0 gm), T3- Apple Juice( 500 ml) Sugar (100 gm) incitement (1.5 gm), T4- Apple Juice (500 ml) Sugar (150 gm) incitement (0.5 gm), T5- Apple Juice (500 ml) Sugar (150 gm) incitement (1.0 gm), T6- Apple Juice (500 ml) Sugar (150 gm) incitement (1.5 gm), T7- Apple Juice (500 ml) Sugar (200 gm) incitement (0.5 gm), T8- Apple Juice (500 ml) Sugar (200 gm) incitement(1.0 gm) and T9- Apple Juice (500 ml) Sugar (200 gm) incitement(1.5 gm). From the present exploration it's set up that treatment T4- Apple Juice (500 ml) Sugar (150 gm) incitement (0.5 gm), was set up superior in respect of the parameters TSS (° brix), Acidity (%), pH, Alcohol content (%), Ascorbic acid (mg/ 100 ml) Color and Appearance, Flavor and Taste, Texture and Overall Acceptability.


Objective To investigate the safety and feasibility of anatomical and programmed retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy.Methods Between May 2004 and January 2011,anatomical and programmed retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy was performed in 125 patients(130 procedures) with renal tumors.There were 100 males and 25 females,age 30-75 years(mean 58).The tumors located in the upper,middle and lower pole of the kidney in 90,20 and 20 cases,respectively.One hundred and twenty patients with unilateral tumor and 5 with bilateral tumors.The tumor size was 1.0-6.0 cm,mean 3.0 cm.Before the operation,all of the cases were in stage T1N0M0.Results All the 130 procedures(125 patients,in which 5 patients with bilateral tumors underwent two operations) were successfully accomplished.No procedures had converted to open surgery,no intraoperative complications such as large blood vessels or organ damage occured.Postoperatively,hematuria occured in 5 cases,incision infection occured in 1 case,pneumoderma was observed in 1 case,and renal function decreased in 2 cases.All the postoperative complications were cured through conservative treatment.The operative time was 58-190 min,mean 110 min;the Blood loss was 90-200 ml,mean 120 ml.No patients needed blood transfusion.The average kidney ischemia time was 23 min(16-30 min).Pathology results showed 110 cases of renal clear cell carcinoma,5 cases of papillary carcinoma and 15 cases of angiomyolipoma.All renal tumors were completely removed with negative surgical margin.Patients were followed up 2 to 70 months,mean 30 months,no patients had local recurrence or metastasis.Conclusions Anatomical and programmed retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy is safe and feasible,and is worthwhile to be widely applied in clinical practice.