The potential energy surface (PES) of NO on Pt(997) has been elucidated: the adsorption states and diffusion processes of NO on Pt(997) at low coverage were investigated by using infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). When NO molecules adsorb on a surface at a low temperature (11 K), each molecule transiently migrates on the surface from the first impact point to a possible adsorption site. We found that there are four stable adsorption sites for NO on Pt(997): a bridge site of the upper step, an fcc- (or hcp-) hollow site of the terrace, an on-top site of the terrace, and an fcc-hollow site of the lower step. At higher temperatures above 45 K, NO molecules start to migrate thermally to more stable adsorption sites on a terrace, and they are finally trapped at the bridge sites of the step, which are the most stable among the four sites.


Two hundred twenty patients were studied to investigate the chronobiological patterns of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) during a 24-h period of pH monitoring under standardized conditions. Some 204 patients met the inclusion criteria; 120 had normal values and 84 were pathologic. The hourly parameters calculated in the two groups were: the mean pH, the percentage of time during which the pH was smaller than 4, the number of reflux episodes, and the coefficient of variation of the pH. Two types of 24-h rhythms were found. There was an increase of the number of refluxes during the daytime versus the nighttime and the hourly mean pH was more acid during the night than day in subjects with normal values. All parameters differed significantly between the two groups (p < 0.001) and displayed a rhythmic pattern (p < 0.0001). The most significant difference occurred during the 3 postprandial hours after the evening meal (p < 0.001). Temporal rhythmicity of GER could also contribute to evaluation of clinical result...


This article suggests that the use of some new and renewable sources of energy (NRSE) in rural electrification may lead to 'subsistence electrification'. Grid rural electrification, it is argued, contributes to development not by substituting for existing fuels and energy sources at lower cost but by transforming the marginal costs of supply. Techniques commonly used to evaluate NRSE do not capture the developmental implications.


Today, public spaces have changed depending on the differentiating human needs. The purpose of the study is to bring together a variety of users and to discuss a life in which various actions such as gathering and meeting take place in cities by taking an example based on the concept of ergonomics based on the human factor. In the study, the relationship between human behavior and physical environment, air-conditioned bus stops in Gümüşhane city, which is one of the places offered for different user groups, was examined. Arrangements for the use of the physical environment for people in many cities have not yet reached the desired level. Ergonomic evaluation of the effectiveness of all human-oriented studies will increase the importance and value of the work done. The more psychological and emotional needs of people provide, the more people will have access to a society with increased satisfaction.


Personalisation through recommendation plays an important role for the user experience of many e-commernce and social media sites. Existing services have accumulated the data which is required for good recommendations over time. In order to compete with existing services, new service providers need acquire data and knowledge in order to provide relevant recommendations. We propose to use the Web of Data for the purpose of recommendation and personalisation. In this report we present a survey of the state of the art in the area of adaptive personalisation. The four main research challenges in relation to the design of adaptive services are: the acquisition of (1) data and (2) knowledge, the selection of relevant features from an open corpus (3), and the scalability (4) of the architecture, algorithms and data structures used. This report describes our contributions towards addressing these research challenges: (i) The implementation and evaluation of a collaborative filtering algorithm in the music domain, which uses the Web of Data to address the data acquisition problem. (ii) The description of a use case, of a detailed example and of available Linked Data data sources to address the knowledge acquisition problem. (iii) A detailed example and a discussion of possible approaches to address the open corpus problem on the Web of Data by using feature selection and soft case-based reasoning. (iv) An architecture for open and scalable recommender systems on the Web of Data which is derived from our reference architecture for Semantic Web applications and based on an empirical analysis of Semantic Web applications. We also show that the Web of Data is not only well suited as data source for current recommendation algorithms, it also allows us to go beyond the capabilities of current approaches for adaptive personalisation and recommendation.


This paper asks whether Chinese foreign policy can be a stabilising factor on two main issues of South Asian security (terrorist groups in Pakistan targeting the coalition in Afghanistan and institutional targets in Pakistan and India, and separatist violence in Balochistan), even if Beijing turns down the West's request for cooperation. Can China's self-help effort to contain violence against its interests be beneficial to regional stability? The paper explores potential incentives for China to conduct policies aimed at increasing domestic stability in Pakistan or influencing Islamabad's foreign policy in the sense of regional stability. They include direct threats against Chinese expatriates, the need to monitor links between radical groups in Pakistan and the Xinjiang independence movement, prospects for the post-NATO security architecture in Afghanistan, and the regulation of India-Pakistan strategic competition. It shows that recent developments in China-Pakistan relations have a very limited and ambiguous contribution to regional security, and almost no impact on domestic stability in Pakistan.


In this paper, we analyze requirements of next generation 112 emergency services in the era of ubiquitous mobile devices and sensors and present the design, implementation, and piloting results of our testbed, which was developed within the H2020 project NEXES. The system leverages a multihop location-aware PEMEA routing network that finds the geographically closest responsible public service answering point (PSAP) and supports cross-border application roaming. Our reference mobile implementation utilizes multiple device and network-based positioning technologies, which, combined, both outperform traditional cell-tower based positioning and provide a means for detecting fraudulent calls. The system is extensible and can establish a variety of communication channels after the initial emergency session is set up; we demonstrate this with an interoperable WebRTC-based video call. The obtained results demonstrate the viability and flexibility of PEMEA-based over-the-top emergency services, show high user acceptance when comparing them with existing solutions, and thus pave the road for further rollout of such systems.


he study assessed the effect of the presence and utilisation of community town halls T on the elderly in Obio-Akpor Communities of Rivers State. The research design is a descriptive cross-sectional survey and employed questionnaire as the primary source of data and articles from written materials as its secondary source of data collection. The study area is Obio-Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State where some communities were purposively chosen. The convenience sampling technique enabled the researcher to select 3 communities; which are Choba, Ozuoba and Rumuokoro and 30 respondents from each of the communities totalling ninety (90) respondents. The data was tested utilising simple percentages and frequencies and the generated results were presented in tables and charts. It was concluded that the purposes of creating centres/arenas in communities which include holding community meetings, celebrating community festivals, and chieftaincy coronation and other events of signicance have been defeated because most community centres/arenas in contemporary times are used for other events; for instance, church services and other business activities that are not purely community oriented and elderly friendly; and as such the elderly are deprived from participating in the social activities that go on in the designated places. It was therefore, suggested that community leaders should ensure that the symbol of the centres/arenas should not be eroded by their activities as the transmission of knowledge and sharing of ideas/ history of the people by the elderly are not eliminated and thus make for continuity of the culture which the elderly are the drivers.


ABSTRACT COMPUTER simulation models of a centralized and a decentralized potting system have been developed. In a centralized concept, potting materials are retrieved to a central location where containers are potted and then transported to the field. Whereas in a decentralized concept, the potting materials are transported to the field where containers are filled, planted, and set on the field. The two potting systems were simulated and the results indicate that the decentralized potting system has distinct advantages over the centralized potting system, both in terms of requiring fewer laborers and higher output per laborer.


"The rebus' language" is somewhere at the border of the scientific language and, that, perhaps, having many common things with usual language too, and even with the musical one (the puzzles, because they have a certain acoustic resonance).


13‐Cis retinoic acid (13‐CRA) is a synthetic vitamin A derivative. High‐dose 13‐CRA in patients with squamous cell cancers of the head and neck (SCCHNs) reduces the incidence of second primary tumors (SPTs). The authors report long‐term results from a phase 3 randomized trial that compared treatment with low‐dose 13‐CRA versus placebo for patients who had early stage SCCHN, with a focus on the development of SPTs and overall survival (OS).


In connection with the success of medicine, life expectancy is increasing, which is especially reflected in the life expectancy of the female population. In Russia, the life expectancy of women has increased from 49.6 years in 1939 to 72.2 years in 1999 [6]. A decrease in fertility and an increase in the life expectancy of women leads to the fact that the proportion of older women in the population is increasing every year. So, today, 10% of the entire population are women of menopausal age, while about 25 million people are added to their number every year. According to experts from the World Health Organization (WHO), by 2030 there will be more than 1 billion women over 50 years old.


A hand-drawn map of Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and the immediate surroundings indicating the distribution of water points through the San community's living area. Handwritten notes draw attention to further details around water availability and cleanliness in the different areas


The method for allocating repeating time periods in a wireless communication system and apparatus is provided. Hours, for example, the beacon is identified. Having an overhead signal periodicity related to the beacon, the overhead set of repeating time periods is identified. The data payload set of repeating time periods having a data payload periodicity related to the beacon time period is identified. Overhead set of repeating time periods is a fixed bit repetition time period-divided into sub-sets and used flexible bit use subset of repeating time periods. Beacon tone strip symbol data, the time period


Th e ai m o f thi s stud y i s t o detec t th e organi c solvent-leve l (Acetone , Isopropaanol , T oluene , Trichloroethylen e an d Hexane ) i n handicraf t workers ' bloo d fro m Chiangma i provinc e a n d t o eva lu at e t h e re l at i o n b et w ee n t h e w or k er s ' h ea l t h . T h e kn o wl e d g e fro m t hi s s t ud y wil l b e usefu l fo r workers . Ther e ar e 2 group s o f th e worker s i n thi s study , exposur e ( n = 150 ) an d non - exposur e grou p ( n = 150) . Th e worke r grou p i s alway s contac t t o organi c solven t durin g working , whil e th e non-exposur e grou p i s no t expose d o r contac t t o organi c solvent . Blood samples were collected at the end of the week. Organic solvents (parent compound) were detected by using Headspace-Gas Chromatography with Flame ionization detector (HS-GC-FID). Hematology and chemistry were also examined for evaluation of workers' health status. The result was shown the level of Trichloroethylene in exposure group is higher than non-exposure group at statistic significant at p ≤ 0.05 (Man Whitney's U test). The statistic relationships were shown on trichloroethylene level among number of monocytes (r = 0.77, p = 0.004) and blood urea nitrogen (r = 0.67, p = 0.038). There is no statistic significant of the relationship between organic solvent levels and working hours. According to the result, could be concluded that increasing of monocytes and BUN might be toxicity effect of exposed to trichloroethylene.


Euphony pun,most widely used figures of speech in Dreams of the Red Mansion to conceive the novel and characterize the characters.The successful use of euphony pun not only strengthens the implicity and sense of humor of the language,but plays a key role in conceiving the plot and antistry and expressing the theme.


This paper reviews the experience gained when setting-to-work a state-of-the-art waste characterisation facility that will be a fundamental element in the JRC's strategy to characterise radioactive wastes originating from four decades of nuclear research activities conducted at the Ispra Site. In a previous paper at ICEM '01, the authors described the specifications for the principal components of a Waste Characterisation System (WCS) and the ensuing contractor selection process via a public tendering procedure. The present paper has a broader perspective by addressing the whole waste characterisation facility of which the WCS forms a part. In the opening section, the main constituents of the facility are reviewed, and their optimised integration to respect emerging Italian standards, conventional safety principles, ALARA and operational efficiency, are discussed. The second part of the paper examines the analyses required for the licensing of the waste characterisation facility. Finally, the paper concludes with a summary of the lessons learned from the setting-to-work phase of the facility. Since the facility combines a state-of-the-art NDA solution with comprehensive process automation in an industrial environment, the experience is expected to be of significant interest to the radioactive waste management community.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


Chromium residue was mainly discharged form the enterprises manufacturing metal chrome and chromium salt. It contained trivalent and hexavalent chromium and posed great harm to the environment and public health.The toxicity of hexavalent chromium was hundredfold harder than that of trivalent chromium.The nationally ecological security was faced with enormous threat by the discharge chromium residue, which was over one hundred thousand tons annually for the current discharge and 3.0 million tons surplus of the accumulative discharge in the past years. To make chromium residue as a sort of resource and apply it into the fields of building materials and metallurgy, achievements were obtained, but amount they consumed was too little. Detoxication of chromium residue effective was still a big problem. Many achievements were obtained for the application of microwave technology in environment protection. As a new way out for the pollution control, investigation on the microwave-induced detoxication of chromium residue may contribute to its new feasibility of safe deposition and utilization. The current research achievements were reviewed on application of microwave technology in detoxication of chromium residue. It was pointed out that further research was needed on mechanism and optimal operation condition and economy assessment as well as process theory model.


The institutional economics which is established in the beginnings of twentieth century stresses such basic concepts as habit, instinct, belief and volition in shaping the human behavior and economic activity and emphasises the role of institutions. This point is especially apparent in John R. Commons and Wesley C. Mitchell. Not completely objecting neoclassical economic theory, Commons and Mitchell stated that this analysis ignored the role of institutional and cultural elements. This paper aims to elaborate the conceptions of "economics" and "individual" of Commons and Mitchell and demonstrate their emphasis on the role of institutional and cultural elements with regard to both individual behavior and economic system.


The basic situation of the company and the main products was introduced. The course progress of qualification to realize the home-made was elaborated. The idea that technological innovation was the key factor in business restructuring and development was proposed. Through the selection of raw materials,melting,pheroidizing,inoculation,casting control,rough machining,surface treatment,packaging,transportation and other production process,a strict process specifications and testing standards were established and strictly enforced in practice. Production results shown that the process data and the mechanical properties of the castings were stable in reasonable area,which could ensure the high stability and consistency of product quality. At the same time,it also proved that strict quality management was the premise and guarantee for the production of high-end products.


Green tea contains folate and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), which is suggested to be an antifolate. In this study, we examined whether green tea was a good source of folate in a folate depletion/repletion rat model. Rats fed a folate deficient diet for 4 weeks were supplied with folate for 7 days, and then folate repletion effects were evaluated in terms of increase in total folate level in plasma, liver, and bone marrow and decrease in plasma homocysteine level. In this model, the folic acid treatment effect was observed to be dose-dependent and an appropriate dose of folic acid was 40 μg/kg/day or greater. Based on this finding, green tea as well as spinach, chicken liver, and folic acid as a reference were applied to this model. Increase in tissue folate level in response to the food samples varied among tissues, with bone marrow showing the smallest response. Increase in tissue folate level was in the order of spinach > chicken liver > green tea, which produced only a slight increase in tissue folate level and further diminished bone marrow folate level. EGCg administered by intragastric gavage at an approximate dose of 8 mg/kg did not attenuate the increase in tissue folate level when repletion was performed with folic acid. These results suggested that green tea is a poor source of food folate, but EGCg in green tea at a low dose has little effect on folic acid absorption.


It is a fact that society has increased the need for mobility throughout the world. In that regard, it has become aware of the problems associated with the use of fossil fuels such as jet-fuel. As alter-natives, the use of bio-jet fuel has been proposed, which is a biofuel that researchers have evaluated and developed as an environmentally friendly alternative. The development of research on the topic of biofuels has generated a growing number of alternatives in the methods, technologies and raw materials for the production of bio-jet fuel. In this work, a bibliometric study has been developed to analyze the evolution of publications, the contribution of authors, countries, in terms of citation productivity on the topic of bio-jet fuel. Scientific publications were searched in the Scopus database for the period 2001 to 2021. The results showed that the publications have grown exponentially in the last 10 years. The most influential institution and country are from China. "Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews" is the most cited journal in the field of bio-jet fuel. The growth rate of publications was estimated using the Gompertz model, the rate was 0.2232 y-1. Most of the documents were published in journals Q1.


Doctor of Philosophy in Mathematics. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Mathematics, 2015. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Nazim Mahmudov.


As one of the oldest musical instrument in China,it is no doubt that the Seven-stringed Plucked Qin has an important status in the world art stage,it is popular especially in Britain,why dose this happen? This paper under the situation of increasing musical exchange between China and Britain,takes an example of the Seven-stringed Plucked Qin to analyse the musical exchanges between those two country.


"Knowledge is useless until it is transformed into benefit through action." (Hill, 1992, p 225) We as project managers are the new leaders in business. We are entrepreneurial in nature…our projects are our businesses. Successful leaders are "magnets". Others flock to them, to eagerly follow their lead. They wield power whether formal or informal and are master communicators and persuaders. We need to learn from these successful leaders. Communication, cooperation, maximizing team member value, getting the right decisions made – and in a timely fashion…these are among a few of the "soft skills" that project managers need to master to become effective leaders and achieve continued project success. How can we as project managers without formal power effectively and positively influence our stakeholders – senior management, sponsors, team members, etc? Persuasion is the key that will unlock this power. This paper outlines the power of the "12 Universal Laws of Persuasion" (Mortensen, Maximum Influence, 2004) that are based on human behavior. Persuasion is a behavior that can be learned. The power of positive thinking and attitude is indisputable in project success and successful persuasion. Napoleon Hills "5 P's of Success" and Kurt Mortensen's "5 C's of Trust" will round out the changes that we need to make. Like many things, persuasion must start from within us first before we can expand out to others.


Mesoporous CaF2 nanopowders with the specific surface area up to 88.7 m2/g have been produced by the evaporation by a pulsed electron beam in vacuum. The influence of thermal annealing in air on the size and morphology of CaF2 nanoparticles and their magnetic, luminescence, and texture characteristics has been studied. Ferromagnetism of CaF2 nanopowders was discovered for the first time. The influence of radiation defects (CaF2 dye centers) on magnetic properties of CaF2 nanoparticles has been examined.


So far, artificial intelligence has gone through decades of development. Although artificial intelligence technology is not yet mature, it has already been applied in many walks of life. With the explosion of IoT technology in 2019, artificial intelligence has ushered in a new climax. It can be said that the development of IoT technology has led to the development of artificial intelligence once again. But the traditional deep learning model is very complex and redundant. The hardware environment of IoT can not afford the time and resources cost by the model which runs on the GPU originally, so model compression without decreasing accuracy rate so much is applicable in this situation. In this paper, we experimented with using two tricks for model compression: Pruning and Quantization. By utilizing these methods, we got a remarkable improvement in model simplification while retaining a relatively close accuracy.


An increase in the frequency of oil spills in the sea, which adversely affects the maritime environment, led to the motivation for this article. Recent advances in technology have now made it possible to provide Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) systems with great processing capacity. They include all the features of a complete computer, while maintaining a really small size as required by this kind of system. This investigation takes advantage of the functionalities provided by existing MultiAgent Systems (MAS) to accomplish tasks between UAVs. The article presents a case study that uses the capabilities to perform the detection of oil spills.


Importance of the field: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a key regulator of blood pressure (BP), as well as volume and electrolytes, in both hypertensive and normotensive individuals. Inappropriate activation of the RAAS is important in hypertension-induced cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Renin is the rate-limiting step in the RAAS cascade, which makes direct renin inhibitors (DRIs) an attractive target for RAAS suppression and treatment of hypertension. Current regimens using either angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) result in feedback upregulation of renin and aldosterone breakthrough, which contribute to incomplete suppression of the RAAS. Thereby, aliskiren – alone or in combination – might offer a novel therapeutic intervention to improve suppression of the RAAS, with potential to translate to improved CVD and CKD outcomes. Areas covered in this review: Herein, we present the current state of knowledge of DRIs in the preclinical and clinical realm and their antihypertensive efficacy in relation to cardiovascular and renal risk. Recent clinical trials (2007 – 2009) support the efficacy of aliskiren, and studies suggest the potential for improved CVD and CKD outcomes. What the reader will gain: An understanding of the mechanism of action of DRIs and a perspective of recent clinical trials. Take home message: The DRI aliskiren is an effective antihypertensive agent that preliminary data suggests has a beneficial effect in CVD and CKD. Combination of aliskiren with an ACEi or ARB may be better tolerated than the ACEi–ARB combination. Future work is needed to further quantify aliskiren's impact on hard CVD and CKD end points.


The origin of Danchong in Korea can be found in the remains of the Prehistoric Age.
In the Three Kingdoms' Age it is observed in the colored pattern on wall and ceiling, and the mural
painting with in ancient tombs.
Afterward, Goryo Dynasty and ChoSun Dynasty had developed into the new Style of Danchong.


X-irradiation of single crystals of yields the (C6H5)2PO radical, the phosphorus analogue of diphenyl nitroxide. The principal values of the 31P hyperfine coupling constants are 1439 MHz, 929 MHz and 908 MHz, which may be resolved into an isotropic component of 1092 MHz, and anisotropic components of 347 MHz, -163 MHz and -184 MHz. This implies that unlike diphenyl nitroxide, this radical is nonplanar (s/p ratio = 0·18, s-character = 0·11, p-character = 0·60).


In this report the tenn "distributed application" is used to refer to application programs with modules which operate on two or more computers, and which communicate with each other in real time. In particular, this report describes experience with an IBM Program Product, Trend Analysis/ 370 (T A/370). T A/370 is a distributed application employing two computers, a host and a satellite. The satellite computer is used for a color graphics feature, which can produce line graphs or bar charts in multiple colors. The host computer is used for data base management and non-graphical data transformations (such as computing ratios). Figure 1 shows the T A/370 system configuration, and details on the system can be found in the reference manuals. ,6 In TA/370, user queries are processed in the host computer. If the query contains a request for a graph or bar chart, the appropriate parameters (data and fonnatting) are transmitted from the host to the satellite. The satellite acts as a fonnatter and controller for the graphics terminal on which the graphs and bar charts are displayed. Thus, only the graphics formatting and control functions in TA/370 are distributed, and communication is from the host to the satellite. Of the many possible reasons for a distributed application, the reason for distributing the graphics functions in T A/370 appears to be performance. Specialized graphics fonnatting functions, such as labelling and scaling, can be perfonned in the satellite based on encoded commands from the host. Thus, not all the formatting data for a graph need be transmitted from the host to the satellite (reducing transmission time) and the fonnatting commands can be executed in the satellite. Reduced transmission times and a special-purpose graphics formatter are intended to improve response time and reduce costs for creating graphical outputs in TA/370. To achieve these benefits, a special-purpose protocol for data communications was developed, and the satellite programs for graphics formatting were application-specific and coded in assembler language. Our experience with TA/370 began with an attempt to modify the code for the satellite in order to be able to use different i/o hardware than supported by TA/370. These were differences in implementation and not in functional capability. Because of the special-purpose nature of the satellite code and data communications protocol, we found


[Objective] The function of antioxidation and scavenging free radicals of purple yam pigment was determined by using in vitro methods. [Method] Ethanol was used to extract purple yam pigment and then purified with AB-8. Hydroxyl radicals,oxygen free radicals,DPPH radicals eliminate and reducing capacity was studied by in vitro methods. [Result] The results showed that purple yam pigment has good antioxidant ability and enhanced after purification. IC50 of ·OH was slightly lower than VCand higher than it when the concentration was more than 0. 7 mg/ml. The oxygen free radicals eliminate ratio was 95%,higher than VC(92%) when it was 5. 0 mg/ml. The DPPH· eliminate ratio was same as VCwhen the concentration higher than 2. 0 mg/ml. [Conclusion]The study can provide theoretical basis for expanding application field of purple yam pigment,and provide reference data for natural antioxidants developers and technical personnel of food industry.


The early 1990s witnessed a resurgence of mass unemployment, with altogether new patterns across regions, occupations and industries. This book considers the new unemployment and labour market conditions, and relates them to the issues and the options for public policy on unemployment and welfare. The book contains contributions from a wide variety of perspectives - economics, sociology, social history, and social policy analysis. Arising from a conference jointly sponsored by the Employment Service and the Policy Studies Institute, it includes the results of much new research and is an up-to-date source on the main current debates.


In order to investigate the significance of "salting-out" and "pore swelling" effects on the nanofiltration of neutral solutes, rejection properties of two NF ceramic and polymeric membranes were studied with single polyethyleneglycol (PEG) solution and mixed PEG/inorganic electrolyte solutions. For both membranes, the rejection rate of PEG was found to decrease significantly in the presence of ions. In the case of the ceramic membrane (rigid pores), this phenomenon was imputed to the sole partial dehydration of PEG molecules induced by the surrounding ions. This assumption was confirmed by the lowering of the PEG rejection rates which followed the Hofmeister series. Experimental data were used to compute the resulting decrease in the Stokes radius of PEG molecules in the presence of the various salts. Concerning the polymeric membrane, the decrease in the rejection rate was found to be systematically higher than for the ceramic membrane. The additional decrease was then ascribed to the swelling of the pores. The experimental data of rejection rates were then used to compute the variation in the mean pore radius in the presence of the various salts. The pore swelling phenomenon due to accumulation of counterions inside pores was supported by electrokinetic charge density measurements.


Introduction: Results from national DenHeart survey shows, that anxiety is present among 32% and depression among 19% of cardiac patients. Previous studies indicate that these symptoms are associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients with HF and ICD. Crucial knowledge about the danger of anxiety and depression across cardiac diagnoses is lacking. Hypothesis: The hypothesis was that patients with anxiety or depression have a higher mortality risk. The objective was to explore if anxiety and depression is a predictor of 1-year mortality across cardiac diagnoses. Methods: During one year all patients discharged from a national heart center were invited to participate in a health survey. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were included and data was combined with national registers to obtain information about diagnosis at baseline and 1-year mortality. Cox regression was used to analyze anxiety and depression as predictors of mortality. Results: In total 14,239 patients across all c...


Abstract This article engages with the question of the 'new social' that emerges in the relocation of the poor in slum renewal projects. Drawing upon both Lefebvre's theorization of abstract space of capital and social space of people, and the neoliberal framework in which the economic dominates the social, the complex relationship between the spatial and the social embedded in political economy is demonstrated. In the Turkish context, the 'new social' is situated at the intersection of spatial transformations, housing representations, neoliberalism and Islam. In the housing estate of the case study, the abstract space was challenged by the bottom-up responses of some residents who tried to create their social space rooted in their previous experiences in the gecekondu; it was reacted by other residents who embraced the higher status of apartment living. The void produced by destroying the gecekondu habitus was filled by religious activities and consumption-inspired everyday practices.


This study discusses the influence of Auditor Competence on Audit Quality in the Influence of Computer Assisted Audit Techniques (TABK). This research was conducted at a public accounting firm in Bali. The research time is 2020. The population of this research is 13 Public Accounting Firms (KAP) in Bali with 76 auditors. The sampling technique used in this research is purposive sampling technique. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that: Auditor competence has a positive effect on audit quality and computer-assisted audit techniques are able to moderate the relationship between auditor competence and quality.


Diabetes is rapidly emerging as a major health care problem in India, especially in urban areas. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has been steadily increasing in urban areas from a low of 2.1% reported in early 1970[1] to a whopping 11.6%[2] in 1996, in the adult population. Moreover, there is an equally large pool of persons with IGT, many of whom will go on to develop type 2 diabetes in the future [2]. There is evidence to suggest that prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing even in rural areas[3]. The rapid increase in population, increased longevity and high ethnic susceptibility to diabetes, coupled with rapid urbanization and changes from traditional lifestyles, will most likely trigger a diabetes epidemic[4]. The WHO estimates that there were 19.4 million persons with diabetes in India in 1995 and that this number is likely to be 57.2 million 2025.[5] These figures are based on lower estimated prevalence rates than currently seen. Moreover, type 2 diabetes amongst Indians is being increasingly seen in younger, less obese persons than reported in the west.


A technique is described in this paper to avoid order reduction when integrating reaction-diffusion initial boundary value problems with explicit exponential Rosenbrock methods. The technique is valid for any Rosenbrock method, without having to impose any stiff order conditions, and for general time-dependent boundary values. An analysis on the global error is thoroughly performed and some numerical experiments are shown which corroborate the theoretical results, and in which a big gain in efficiency with respect to applying the standard method of lines can be observed.


The aim of this research is to determine by using regression model, the impact level and direction of variables like life satisfaction, emotional intelligence, gender, marital status, monthly income, age, education, occupation and participating in recreational outdoor sports on ecological perception. Sampling group consists of Recreational Outdoor Sport participants like cyclists, mountaineers/rock climbers and hikers whose number is not determined exactly in Turkey and non-participant of any recreational outdoor sports. In this study, electronic questionnaire form which consists of demographics variables, Emotional Intelligence Scale which was used in Chan's (2004, 2006) study and adapted into Turkish by Aslan and Ozata (2008), RNEP scale which was revised by Dunlap et al. (2000) and adapted into Turkish by Erdogan (2009) and Life Satisfaction Scale which was developed Diener, Emmons, Larsen and Griffin (1985) was    used to collect the data. Electronic questionnaire form has been sent to all members of clubs which are bound to Turkish Cycling Federation (TCF) and Turkish Mountaineering Federation (TMF). As a result of this regression model, it is determined that gender, age, monthly income, education level, life satisfaction level, emotional intelligence level, participating in recreational outdoor sports like mountaineering/rock climbing, cycling and trekking have effect on one's ecological perception.


Wave fronts distorted by atmospheric turbulence are well known to demonstrate both spatial and temporal coherence. The duration of the latter depends on the magnitude and distribution of wind velocities in the atmosphere and typically has a value at visible wavelengths close to 10 m for a good observing site. Modern imaging systems are capable of acquiring data at rates faster than this. Consequently, imagery acquired at cadences close to, or less than, the atmospheric coherence time will clearly show temporal correlation in their wave front distortions. We discuss the use of this information as a constraint for the blind restoration of high-cadence imagery and show that it may be possible to obtain realistic wave front estimates directly from image plane data.


Today secure communication is the primary aspect while communicating in the networks. Internet has become the primary medium for communication which is used by number of different users across the network. Black hole attacks have become a major problem to wireless systems such as MANETs. MANET is a wireless ad-hoc network that allows collaboration in real time. Wireless ad- hoc networks are formed by a set of hosts that communicate with each other over a wireless channel. The Attacks on MANET interrupts network performance and reliability. Black hole attack also called as packet drop attack doesn't allow the passage of the packets forward in the network and hence restricting the services. Now my objective is to study the black hole attack, its detection and its prevention. Detection mechanism such as profile based detection, specification based detection and flow based detection are studied. Prevention techniques include algorithms such as AODVPlus, DBA-DSR scheme, reputation based scheme etc.


Estimating travel time on an urban expressway can be difficult, primarily because traffic congestion varies from day to day and even from hour to hour, and unpredictable incidents or inclement weather add other complexity. This paper proposes the use of Bayesian statistics to the estimation approach in order to address these problems. From Bayesian theorem a vague prior probability of the occurrence of a certain travel time is revised by a conditional probability; the latter is calculated as a joint probability of occurrence of these factors under a certain travel time. The revision accomplishes more accurate estimated travel time from the posterior probability. The authors use a case study from the Metropolitan Expressway (MEX) in Tokyo, Japan, to demonstrate the use of their method. The authors conclude that the use of Bayesian statistics is crucial to the accurate estimate of travel time on expressways.


The acceleration in the issuance of government debt since the global financial crisis has led central bankers to engineer interest rates that are historically low in nominal terms and consistently lower than inflation rates. Although the ostensible aim of this policy is to stimulate economic growth, maintaining negative real rates also goes a long way so that government debt is manageable and will decline in the long run, relative to the size of the economy. Financial institutions hold the great majority of government debt, and their books of retail and corporate loans are expanding briskly at a time when ultra-low interest rates make borrowing especially attractive. Rates paid on deposits are low, in advanced economies, even negative in the euro zone in nominal terms. That helps to offset the reduction in income that banks earn on their lending. Even so, the extreme and unique conditions resulting from persistent negative real interest rates mean that banks must take particular care to manage their interest-rate risk in the context of other risk types and the banks' profit-and-loss analysis.


To minimize the amount of over-dried cut tobacco during the finish of a drying operation,an automatic purging device was developed based on air amplifier.By installing an automatic purging device at the feed-in end of SH313 cylinder dryer and adding a relevant control function block FB in its PLC program to implement tobacco purging automatically at the end of a drying batch.The results of application showed that: average amount of over-dried cut tobacco during the finish of a drying batch reduced from 20.32 to 0.74 kg/batch,that meant about 8800 kg of cut tobacco could be saved every year.


There are about 17 million IUD users in the world, excluding China. Tolerance and effectiveness of the device depends very much on its size, and on its proper adaptation into the uterine cavity. Copper potentiated IUDs have practically supplanted inert IUDs; their mode of action is at an endometrial level, but they also exert a spermatotoxic action. Prostaglandins seem to play an important role in the mechanism of action of copper IUDs. Side effects are bleeding, due to an increase in capillary permeability, and pain. Complications include infection and uterine perforation. Progesterone-releasing IUDs help reduce excessive menstrual bleeding, but they cannot be used for longer than 1 year.


BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to investigate nausea and vomiting during hyper-gravity flight at a slow rate of turn. During head-movements under these conditions, the semi-circular canals of the vestibular system function normally whereas the otoliths experience a G-excess effect, displacing further and moving faster than in a 1 G field.

HYPOTHESIS
Nausea and vomiting are greater during hyper-gravity flight compared with historical data collected in a 1 G field at a similar rate of turn.

METHODS
There were 27 subjects who were exposed to 1.8 G (hyper-G) during a slow rate turn on three NASA KC-135 flights. Subjects participated in one of three experimental periods, each period consisting of two 5.5-min hyper-G runs: 1) rest, with only incidental head movements; 2) active roll and pitch head movements; or 3) passive roll head movements. Subjective symptom data were collected pre-flight, following each experimental period and post-flight using a standardized nausea questionnaire. Electrogastrograms were obtained from eight subjects.

RESULTS
Seven subjects (26%) vomited during the flight. Nausea initially increased but was then stable throughout the flight. Nausea appeared highest during active head movements. In subjects who vomited, greater gastrointestinal distress and somatic distress were reported.

CONCLUSIONS
The levels of nausea and vomiting observed during hyper-G cannot be explained by Coriolis cross coupling and are likely due to the G-excess effect on the otoliths. The nausea profiles observed in individuals who vomit during hyper-G appear similar to those previously observed during nausea produced by an optokinetic drum stimulus in a 1-G field.


Because of bad luck in his life, SHI Tie-sheng thought deeply of human's fate and became such a man who tried to find the answer to the riddle on human's fate. And at last he discovered many secrets of fate: unfairness, contingency, absurdity, chain reaction, dependence on the original point, etc. The mechanism of fate is rather complicated. It involves many facts such as human, world and the relation between them. The world is a riddle, so is human. And human 's life in the world is still a riddle, too. Thus, the correct attitude to human 's fate should be to accept it peacefully and to struggle against it bravely.


The Qur'an is the most Muslim revered scripture and is considered to be philologically distinctive. This distinctiveness is ascribed to the beautiful language style of the Qur'an, apart from its content concerning all aspects of life. One of the distinctiveness of the language of the Qur'an is the usage of its ism al-jam'. This term ism al-jam' literally means plural noun but in essence it is a singular noun that gives plural meaning. The usage of the term in the Qur'an is one of the topics of interest initiated by past Arabic scholars of syntax. Thus, this study is aimed at identifying the presence of plural nouns and their patterns in the Qur'an. The methodology of this research is library research, emphasizing document analysis approach. This study expands on the findings of past and contemporary scholars of Arabic philology concerning ism al-jam'. It is found that ism al-jam' in the Qur'an comes in two forms, namely their application in singular, taking into account their wording, and their application in plural taking into account their meanings. Such an understanding of ism al-jam' in the Qur'an is very important as counter-argument to the misleading or wrong perceptions of some critics, especially from the West, who takes lightly the necessity of a deep analysis of the syntax of the Qur'an. Subsequently, the counter-argument helps enhance the conviction of the Muslims of the Qur'an in its own perfection and beauty. keywords: plural nouns; Qur'anic syntax; orientalists DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/islamiyyat-2015-3701-09


A new method for achieving test response compaction is proposed. The method involves testers to achieve additional compaction, without compromising fault coverage, beyond what may be already achieved using on-chip response compactors. The method does not add additional logic or modify the circuit under test or require additional tests and thus can be used with any design including legacy designs. Simple heuristic procedures are used to achieve additional compaction. Experimental results on larger ISCAS-89 circuits show the effectiveness of the method.


A flock of 132 East Friesian (EF) crossbred ewes and their lambs were used to study the effects of three weaning and rearing systems on milk production and lamb growth. During the first 30 days of lactation, ewes were either weaned from their lambs at 24 hr post-partum and then machine milked twice daily (DY1), separated from their lambs for 15 hr from late afternoon through early morning and machine milked once daily in the morning (MIX), or not machine milked and allowed unlimited access to their lambs (DY30). After 30 days, MIX and DY30 ewes were weaned, and ewes in all three groups were machine milked twice daily. Commercial milk yield and milk composition were recorded weekly until mid-lactation and then twice monthly until dryoff. Average lactation length (suckling + milking periods) was 176 d and was similar between weaning systems. Total commercial milk production differed (P < .001) between weaning systems (240, 205, and 149 L/ewe for DY1, MIX, and DY30 systems, respectively). During the first 30 days of lactation, commercial milk production, percentage of milk fat and protein, and somatic cell count (SCC) were lower (P < .05) for MIX ewes than for DY1 ewes (42 and 70 L/ewe of milk; 3.24 and 4.88% milk fat; 5.36 and 5.52% milk protein; 44,700 and 81,300 SCC, respectively). Approximately 30 days after lambing, commercial milk production, percentage of milk fat, and SCC were not different between weaning system groups, however percentage of milk protein was higher (P < .05) for DY30 ewes (5.30%) compared to DY1 and MIX ewes (5.07 and 5.11%, respectively). Litter size was a significant source of variation for most lactation traits, however parity and proportion of EF breeding tended not to be significant. Ewes put on a legume-grass pasture in mid-lactation had greater (P < .005) milk production and lactated for more (P < .005) days than ewes fed in drylot. Growth traits of 272 twin-orgreater-born lambs sired by EF or Texel rams were estimated for three rearing systems. Lambs were either raised artificially (ART), allowed access to their dams for nine hours per day (LMIX), or allowed unlimited access to their dams (TRAD) for approximately their first 30 days of age. Lamb weights at 30 days were similar, however at 120 d, TRAD lambs were heaviest (P < .01) compared to ART and LMIX lambs (47.8, 43.6, and 45.5 kg, respectively). From a simplified economic analysis, the MIX/LMIX system produced the greatest financial returns from milk and lamb production.


Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders constitute one of the most common health problems in working population. It affects the quality of life for the employees in different ways and it also impacts the economy of the organizations. Employees of health institutions, are constantly facing complex tasks, with a variety of physical and emotional workloads that affect the lumbar region; all in order to provide an integral attention to users.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of Occupational Lumbago in Surgical Instrumentalists and Nursing Assistants, as the basis for the design of a preventive program in a third level health institution of complexity in Barranquilla.
Methodology: A quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out with a census to a sample of 82 workers (64 Nursing Assistants and 18 Surgical Instrumentalists) at a health institution in Barranquilla. A survey of musculoskeletal symptoms modified by the NIOSH was used for data collection, maintaining the corresponding ethical and methodological rigorousness.
Results: It was found that 76.8% of the participants presented discomfort in the lower back in the last 6 months. 46,3% of the population has a body mass index in overweight and 16% in obesity. A predominance of the sedentarism 68.3% is observed. 96.3% respond positively to cargo handling within the workplace and 76.8% do not take active breaks during the working day.
Discussion and conclusion: Occupational Lumbago is a major health problem in the Nursing Assistants and Surgical Instrumentalists of the institution the study was developed at. Findings establish the need of implementing epidemiological surveillance programs and physical conditioning spaces to reduce the sedentary lifestyle in workers.


The first part of the article outlines a typology of music review and essay based on the degree of assumption required of the reader and the author's ability/will to address non-experts. The second part illustrates examples of musical teaching and essays suitable for those who cannot read music. In the third part the role of metaphor in addressing musicological subjects is explained, and some linguistic and stylistic features (aulicisms) peculiar to writing on music are exemplified.


A method is presented for the calculation of the ventilation of livestock buildings by natural convection. It relies on a particular solution of the exact equations, which results from locating the neutral plane at a predetermined height.


representations. He developed a comprehensive theory of how children's thinking developed from birth to adolescence. He observed that before they are able to perform correctly on tasks that involve thinking, their errors are nevertheless often systematic, and this can give insights into what may be going on inside their minds. Piaget


Annulus pressure at depth is a primary requirement of any gas lift design. There are several methods of determining annulus pressure including reference to a monograph, density equation used to full depth with average pressure and temperature, and density equation used in small depth increments with average temperature and pressure within the increment. The choice of which method to use comes with limitations on the accuracy of the predicted pressure at depth.
 When the annulus pressure at depth is calculated by use of a computer program, the choice of which correlation to use to model the critical properties of the gas and which compressibility factor correlation also affects the accuracy of the calculated pressure at depth.
 As a gas lift well transitions from a geothermal temperature profile to a flowing temperature profile during the unloading and lifting process, the annulus pressure at depth will decrease even though the surface injection pressure remains unchanged.
 Finally, the change in annulus pressure during the unloading process is governed by the volume of gas present in the annulus. A decrease in pressure is due to a reduction in gas volume. Traditional design techniques ignore this reality and substitute a theory of valve performance to explain annulus pressure changes during unloading. This simplified analogy of valve performance made it easy to design a gas lift well but incurred errors and misconceptions about how the annulus pressure changes during unloading.
 This paper will address all of the above issues and provide advice on which method of annulus pressure prediction at depth is most appropriate for specific conditions, advise on the accuracy of the combination of different critical properties and compressibility correlations, offer an alternative design technique to account for changing annulus temperature during the unloading process, and finally, provide guidelines on how to accurately and realistically model the changes in annulus pressure during the unloading process.


The transfer education function of American community college is the bridge which connects associate degree and bachelor degree. The article reviews the history and situation of transfer education, and makes research on the five key sectors influencing transfer function and transfer procedures, and predicts its trends, which may enlighten the articulation practice of Chinese higher education.


This article examines the evaluation of a complex public health intervention - the Ranui Action Project (RAP). The RAP utilized a community development approach to address the social determinants of health inequalities in a high need, ethnically diverse, urban locality. The rationale and impetus for the project was emerging evidence in the public health literature on the significance of working intersectorally with an emphasis on social capital and social cohesion as neighbourhood-level determinants of health. This article describes RAP and examines the strengths, limitations and challenges of the formative, process and impact evaluation model used to evaluate the programme's effectiveness. Responding to diverse evaluative expectations, while sustaining research integrity and rigour, requires a pragmatic multi-methods approach, responsiveness to local context, regular communication between funders, community stakeholders and evaluators, and flexible, reflective practice.


Using 'Starking Delicious' apple fruits which have been in commercial CA store for 4 months and transferred to air, effect of a bacterial ethylene absorbent on the keeping quality of the fruits was investigated, comparing with commercial catalytic metal ethylene absorbent (chemical agent). Each of the 10kg fruits was sealed with or without absorbents in bags of 0.03mm thickness of polyethylene, and held at 1 °C and 20 °C.The bacterial absorbent showed ethylene removing ability which was almost comparable to the chemical agent at 20 °C, but much lower ability at 1 °C. The chemical agent removed ethylene even at low temperature. Ethylene disappeared once in the bags with both absorbents, but accumulated considerably in the latter half of the holding period at 20 °C.Concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the bags were little affected with both absorbents. Decrease of organic acid content, softening and discoloration of flesh were retarded by sealing in bags as compared with the fruits in perforated bags, but significant additional effect of both absorbents was not found as compared with package without ethylene absorbents.


There are two kinds of Islamic educational forms related to Chinese female Muslims,i.e.women's Masjid and women's school.Women's Masjid includes self-operated one and the one affiliated with male Masjid.Women's school can be discerned as Chinese and Arabic School,private school and the school administrated by the Masjid.Both two kinds of educational forms are related to the structural change of the communities,the turndown of religious function of the families,and the disenchantment of female Muslims identity.This development attracted the indigenous culture and experienced of localization.Women's Masjid and women's school are the public spaces and platforms for female Muslims to study and communicate together,and to express and present their belief.With this platform,they obstruct from secularization and got the religious resources which controlled by male members traditionally.


The articles in this special issue, collectively, provide overwhelming evidence that a curriculum which has as its primary basis the counting of discrete objects (and hence which introduces numbers as discrete) is not an effective or rational organisation. In this commentary, I discuss the contribution of each article to an understanding of Davydov's ontology and epistemology, issues around the transposition of a pedagogy or curriculum from one country to another, early algebra and proportional or multiplicative reasoning. From Davydov's own research and the writing in these articles, we know children are able to understand abstract structures from an early age. The thinking in this special issue provides tools to investigate and question any context in which such understanding is not routinely taking hold.


This research focuses on exchange rate volatility, external shock, and capital inflows. The study uses secondary data for the period of 1986 to 2014 for its analysis. The three specific objectives of the study are to investigate whether current exchange rate volatility has any relationship with its conditional volatility in periods ahead using
Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (EGARCH) technique; to examine the impact of external shocks on exchange rate volatility; and to evaluate the relationship between capital inflows and exchange rate volatility using Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) and Johansen co-integration methods, respectively. The results show that current exchange rate volatility is related to its conditional volatility in periods ahead, external shock significantly impacted on exchange rate volatility and that exchange rate volatility significantly explains capital inflows. Based on these findings, the research recommends that
minimizing effects of exchange rate volatility on its conditional volatility in periods ahead. So, the government needs proactive monetary and fiscal policies like prudent allocation of foreign currencies through Central Bank of Nigeria, direct swap of Naira to other currency aside United States Dollar (USD), and diversifying the economy to increase non-oil exports. The study suggested that political instability can be addressed through jobs creation for the youth like investment in small and
medium enterprises, provision of affordable basic necessities of life, proper remuneration and equipping the security agencies. On oil price, the government should diversify the economy for the solid minerals and agricultural sectors to lead
as Nigeria exports. The recommendations on financial crisis are that government should have a database for prompt response and forecasting. Financial leakage should address and reckless corrupt practices should legally deal with. This study equally recommends conducive legal, stable infrastructure, and reliable security framework for achieving sustainable capital inflows.


The question of the proper interpretation of Scripture is as old as the biblical canon itself, and it is one that emerges time and time again in every area where philosophical and systematic theology engages contemporary culture. Today, this question plays a particularly central role within the dialogue between theology and the natural sciences. Does scripture intend to say anything at all about the epistemological ground of empirical reality or the nature of material cosmos that God so loves? Or is it the case that, as sixteenth-century Cardinal Cesare Baronius quipped, the Bible means to tell us "how to go to heaven" and not "how the heavens go"? John Calvin, a contemporary of Cardinal Baronius, believed the Bible was only concerned with the former, and writing on how to correctly understand the first book of Genesis explains: "to my mind this is a certain principle, that nothing is here treated of but the visible form of the world. He who would learn astronomy, and other recondite arts, let him go elsewhere." Galileo Galilei followed suit and many since then have invoked this interpretive principle, intent on keeping "God's Two Books" in widely separate sections of the library of reality. In a similar fashion, today one hears the oft-repeated truism "the Bible is not a science textbook" and it was never meant to be. Or as an illustrious lawyer in Dayton, Tennessee once put it, the Holy Bible is "not a book of biology, geology, or science, but one of religion and morals." As Bible scholar Peter Enns explains: "Science and Scripture speak two different languages and accomplish quite different things." The Bible intends to deal in spiritual realities, not physical realities, and the only science that Hebrew scripture is concernedwith is ancient or pre-modern science that was already out of date long before Aristotle ever took up his pen to write down the geocentric vision of the cosmos that Galileo protested so vehemently against. Consequently, says Enns, "the creation stories are to be understood... as part of a larger theologically driven collection of writings that answers ancient questions of self definition, not contemporary ones of scientific interest." And "Christians today misread Genesis when they try to engage it, even minimally, in the scientific arena." The common understanding from scholars in Biblical Studies is that Scripture was "a product of the times in which it was written" and if one desires to ascertain the true meaning or "most faithful reading of sacred Scripture," one must give


Paper and printing press plays important role for deviations in offset print quality. To retain a constant quality press operators need to explore, assess and investigate the print quality during production. Assessment of print quality mainly done by manually. Random forests based modelling is used to assess and predict the value for print quality attributes. Also the system utilises the double grey bar system of print mark for assessing. The sensors used here to assess the print quality attributes on the image of the double grey bar. Systematic analysis and categorisation of work relate to paper and press parameter on quality of colour images printed on newsprint paper by web offset printing press are detailed in this paper.


in with used for the of An alternative technique in investigating the analysis of of laboratory can and a more realistic of soil deposit in It In this study, those methods from previous studies A simple established using the previously proposed equations. The procedure time-histo-Abstract Evaluation of the shear modulus of soil is of great importance in understanding both the fundamental soil behavior and its practical application in dynamic geotechnical problems as well as accurate analysis of seismic response of soil deposit and soil-structure inter-action. There are traditionally several available techniques in measuring shear modulus of soil using laboratory tests. In this paper, calculation methods to evaluate shear modulus were reviewed from previously published works. A simple procedure was established using the previous equations. This procedure successfully obtained shear modulus of a sand deposit used for dynamic centrifuge tests. It also captured non-linear shear modulus with shear strain and effect of confining pressure. The shear modulus and normalized shear modulus versus shear strain curves from the experiment are compared with empirical curves proposed in literature. The shear modulus curves from the centrifuge tests are in reasonable agreement with the previous curves.


The article offers a review of 20 th century Russian children's poetry translated into Italian. Despite the fact that Russia can boast a great tradition of children's literature in verse, the number of existing Italian translations is not very large and the authors translated are only some happy few. They are Vladimir Mayakovskiy, Osip Mandel'shtam, Boris Pasternak, Korney Chukovskiy and Samuil Marshak. Their not very many texts have mostly appeared for little publishers with scarce circulation. Attention to formal aspects has also not always been impeccable, and no Italian poet has systematically devoted himself to elaborate Italian versions that could aspire to true aesthetic autonomy. This is why, in spite of some notable translations in recent times, we must continue to speak of Russian poetry for children as the great absentee on the Italian cultural scene.


An unscented Kalman filter based dynamic state estimator (DSE) is described in this paper. The measurements are assumed to be comprising of conventional as well as PMU measurements. Actual or estimated conventional measurements are combined with PMU measurements at each instant of arrival of complete set of PMU measurements, before running the DSE. This enables the execution of the DSE at a faster rate, that is equal to the arrival of PMU measurements. The proposed algorithm is applied on IEEE 14 bus and New England 39 bus test systems.


Scholars studying organizations often work with multiple datasets lacking shared unique identifiers or covariates. In such situations, researchers may turn to approximate string matching methods to combine datasets. String matching, although useful, faces fundamental challenges. Even when two strings appear similar to humans, fuzzy matching often does not work because it fails to adapt to the informativeness of the character combinations presented. Worse, many entities have multiple names that are dissimilar (e.g.,"Fannie Mae"and"Federal National Mortgage Association"), a case where string matching has little hope of succeeding. This paper introduces data from a prominent employment-related networking site (LinkedIn) as a tool to address these problems. We propose interconnected approaches to leveraging the massive amount of information from LinkedIn regarding organizational name-to-name links. The first approach builds a machine learning model for predicting matches from character strings, treating the trillions of user-contributed organizational name pairs as a training corpus: this approach constructs a string matching metric that explicitly maximizes match probabilities. A second approach identifies relationships between organization names using network representations of the LinkedIn data. A third approach combines the first and second. We document substantial improvements over fuzzy matching in applications, making all methods accessible in open-source software ("LinkOrgs").


PRESIDENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL STRATEGIES AT COMMUNITY COLLEGES: A DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION James Tyler Hart Old Dominion University, 2016 The community college, like all of higher education, has been significantly impacted by a shifting business model and changes in funding. The purpose of this mixed methods, sequential study was to examine community college presidents' perceptions of entrepreneurial strategies in the higher education industry. The shifting business model requires presidents to look for alternative ways to innovate and adapt as community college funding models change. Community college leaders have also been proactively seeking out alternative revenue streams in order to help offset decreased state funding. Findings of this study show that community college presidents perceive that they must be entrepreneurial in order to survive. There is some difference in the level of which these perceptions exist based on the age and tenure of the president. Community college leaders continue to forge new ground in unknown times as they continue to search for sustainable business models.


In this paper the use of an organisational culture perspective to understand human service organisations is explored. A case study is presented to illustrate the organisational culture perspective in the human service organisation. The case presented demonstrates problems which can occur when organisational culture is not managed effectively.


Innovation and its impact on the competitiveness of industrial products has become, during the last decades, the main concern of, both, manufactures and politicians. Joseph Schumpeter was the person who stressed out the importance of innovation as concerns the competition between firms. Schumpeter provided the most useful definition of the industrial innovation. The innovation consists not only in manufacturing new or improved products. The innovation also consists of different organization forms, a new sales market and new sources of raw materials. Having as background this theory on innovation Joseph Schumpeter has drawn up a research project with a present interest constantly stressed out worldwide and carried forward by means of the neo-Schumpeterian trend. In view of acceding to the European Union, it is absolutely necessary to support the innovation policy for each and every industrial firm whose main target consists of the competitiveness of its products on both domestic and foreign markets.


Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors (VEGFRi), used as anti-angiogenic drugs to treat cancer, induce severe hypertension although the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unc...


Expressing facial emotions is one of the special features of human beings. Recent researchers work on analysing to predict the mental health of the human and recreate the human emotional interactions. The work focus on emotions of the common people. Studies have shown that the average screening hour is gradually increasing from 9 hours to 13 hours. Such an activity results in physical tiredness and in long term which culminates into psychological stress. If this is ignored, the affected persons will enter into state of depression, which leads to other disorders. From the captured facial image, the emotions of people can be predicted. From the summary of data, the people can be stricter in their screening hours and maintain life in a balanced way. Various facial features extractors are applied before classification. The features are obtained using textural analysis and structural analysis of the image. The emotion is classified using multi class SVM machine learning algorithm for the proposed system.


This work reports 13 preliminary results of the First Online Survey on Penta, related to statistical data obtained through the con solidation of direct responses 􀁖􀁈􀁏􀁈􀁆􀁗􀁈􀁇􀀃􀁉􀁕􀁒􀁐􀀃􀁗􀁋􀁈􀀃􀁔􀁘􀁈􀁖􀁗􀁌􀁒􀁑􀁑􀁄􀁌􀁕􀁈􀀏􀀃􀁅􀁜􀀃􀁘􀁖􀁌􀁑􀁊􀀃􀁄􀀃􀁖􀁓􀁈􀁆􀁌􀂿􀁆􀀃􀁉􀁒􀁕􀁐􀁄􀁏􀀃􀁉􀁒􀁕􀁐􀁘􀁏􀁄􀀑􀀃􀀬􀁗􀀃􀁌􀁑􀁗􀁕􀁒􀁇􀁘􀁆􀁈􀁖􀀃 12 statistical distributions of the penta practitioners who answered the survey, 􀁚􀁋􀁌􀁆􀁋􀀃􀁚􀁈􀁕􀁈􀀃􀁆􀁏􀁄􀁖􀁖􀁌􀂿􀁈􀁇􀀃􀁌􀁑􀁗􀁒􀀃􀁄􀁊􀁈􀀃􀁊􀁕􀁒􀁘􀁓􀀏􀀃􀁓􀁏􀁄􀁆􀁈􀀃􀁒􀁉􀀃􀁕􀁈􀁖􀁌􀁇􀁈􀁑􀁆􀁈􀀏􀀃􀁊􀁈􀁑􀁇􀁈􀁕􀀏􀀃􀁈􀁇􀁘􀁆􀁄􀁗􀁌􀁒􀁑􀁄􀁏􀀃 level, year when they met conscientiology, year when they started doing penta, time period of penta practice, time period between meeting conscientiology 􀁄􀁑􀁇􀀃 􀁖􀁗􀁄􀁕􀁗􀁌􀁑􀁊􀀃 􀁓􀁈􀁑􀁗􀁄􀀏􀀃 􀁓􀁕􀁒􀁍􀁈􀁆􀁗􀁄􀁅􀁌􀁏􀁌􀁗􀁜􀀃 􀁏􀁈􀁙􀁈􀁏􀀃 􀁄􀁉􀁗􀁈􀁕􀀃 􀁓􀁈􀁑􀁗􀁄􀀏􀀃 􀁌􀁇􀁈􀁑􀀃􀁗􀁌􀀃􀂿􀀃􀁆􀁄􀁗􀁌􀁒􀁑􀀃 􀁒􀁉􀀃 􀁗􀁋􀁈􀀃 􀁓􀁈􀁑􀁗􀁄􀀃 􀁋􀁈􀁏􀁓􀁈􀁕􀀏􀀃􀁄􀁖􀁖􀁌􀁖􀁗􀁄􀁑􀁆􀁈􀀃􀁏􀁈􀁙􀁈􀁏􀀃􀁄􀁉􀁗􀁈􀁕􀀃􀁓􀁈􀁑􀁗􀁄􀀃􀁄􀁑􀁇􀀃􀁒􀂿􀁈􀁛􀀑􀀃􀀷􀁋􀁈􀁕􀁈􀀃􀁄􀁕􀁈􀀃􀁄􀁏􀁖􀁒􀀃􀁗􀁋􀁈􀀃􀁐􀁒􀁖􀁗􀀃􀁉􀁕􀁈􀁔􀁘􀁈􀁑􀁗􀀃 paraphenomena during penta. Several other results, to be obtained by means of the answers analysis, the direct and indirect ones, and the correlation between responses and different questions, will be analyzed and published eventually.


From April to May 1996, an epizootic occurrd among Penaeus chinensis larvae,especially at the stage of zoeae, in some hatcheries Iocated at Fengcheng, near Qingdao, Shandong Province. The mortalities were up to 80%. A total of 38 strains of bacteria, which were isolated or re-isolated from infected moribund larvas of P. chinensis had morphological, physiological and biochendcal characteristics of the genus Vibrio: Gram-negative, short rods and motile by means of a single polar flagellum. Growth on TCBS agar Oxiclase reoction, fermentation of glucose and sensihvity to the vibriostatic agent 0 / 129 were positive. The bacteria preduced acid without gas from glucose. Among them, 26 strains seemingly belong to the same species, which were relared to Vibrio harveyi on the basis of a comparison with the data of Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (9th edition). The results have been proved by the identification results of Biolog system.A dominant Vibrio isolate was proved to be pathogenic to lareae of P chinensis and was a causative apent for epizootic disease in larvae shrimp. Shrimp larvae challenged with 2.5 × 103-2.5 ×107 cfu /ml basteria by immrsion method showed significant mortalities in the nauplii, zoeae and mysis1-2larvas, but not in the postlarvae. At the zoeal stages, the isolate caused severe infection with up to 2.5 x 1047 cfu / ml of bacteria in the rearing seawatef, indicating tha the causative agent was more virulent tO zoeal larvas of P chinensis than at other stages. This study is the first report in China on the pathogenicity of V harveyi in the larvas of P. chinensis.


Parallel counters (unary-to-binary converters) are the principal component of a Dadda multiplier. We specify a design first for a pipelined parallel counter, and then for a complete multiplier. As a result of its structural regularity, the layout is suitable for use in a VLSI implementation. We analyze the complexity of the resulting design using a VLSI model of computation, showing that it is optimal with respect to both its period and latency. In this sense the design compares favorably with other recent VLSI multiplier designs.


In their role as primary care physician for some women, ob/gyns must be aware of the pathophysiology, management, and prevention of urolithiasis to ensure prompt and appropriate treatment.


Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory condition of the airways that affects about 350 million people globally. In 5%–10% of individuals, it is severe, with considerable morbidity and high health care utilization. The goal of asthma management is disease control by reducing symptoms and exacerbations and reducing corticosteroid‐related morbidity. The era of biologics has revolutionized the management of severe asthma. Biologics have changed our expectations for severe asthma, especially in those people with type‐2 mediated immunity. We can now explore the potential for changing disease trajectory and inducing remission. However, biologics are not a panacea for all severe asthma sufferers and despite their success there remains substantial unmet clinical need. We review the pathogenesis of asthma, phenotyping the heterogeneity of asthma, currently licensed and future biologic agents, how to choose the initial biologic, assessing the response, remission and switching of biologic therapies.


Yili mining area have few prospected data ago,the faults found by using transient electromagnetism survey(physical survey),is coincide in position basically,but diversity in orientation contrast with drilling,educe that two way must be combined to get better quality of survey achievements.


The present invention discloses a method and apparatus for creating a social network, comprising: establishing a first short-range communication link between a mobile device and second mobile device; and a short-range communication link via the social networking information from a transmitting the mobile device to another mobile device. The social network information may include a social network identifier created by the user, the social network identifier may be included in the metadata in the data file transmitted to the second mobile device or document via the short-range communication link Inside. The social network identifier may be an identifier of the first mobile device. Within the first mobile device may receive the identifier of the second mobile device, and will in the identifier being transmitted to a file of the second mobile device the metadata. Said first and second moving means may be based on short-range communication link via the social network information exchange between the device and identify common social network.


ABSTRACT The world is experiencing a particularly tense moment which asks for a project that goes beyond the limiting situations posed by immediate reality. This condition considers the critical immersion of individuals in their known realities and broad emersion in multiple contexts of understanding, which may broaden their horizons of perception. Vygotsky and recent followers offer us a basis for rethinking our reality in a collaborative and critical search for forms of development beyond who we are. This article brings about projects developed with schools from very poor and wealthy communities of São Paulo, where participants act together to transform their life conditions.


To give legal aid to anybody who need it is a bold exploration and pratice.Based on much essential investigation,Henan judicial administration has given its clear definition,put forward its clear goal.Henan gain one successive way through which safeguard the legitimate interests of people with financial difficulties,promote social justice,maintain social harmonies and stability.A good creative example has been set up by Henan.


The media used directly for teaching includes two subgroups: + Traditional means are those that have been used for a long time and are still being used today in some places. + The means by sound and visual were formed by the development of science and technology, especially the development of information technology. The means used to prepare and control the classroom includes supporting means (Writing boards, fixed and portable shelves, classroom lighting equipment,...) and recording means. In reality, when it comes to using teaching media in universities today, people often pay attention to technical means and equipment to teach directly. As a result, teaching aids are usually classified as teaching infrastructure. Abstract: In the progress of teaching physical education in university, outside of focusing on the teaching contents, the teachers also have to focus on how to conduct, how the students can acquire and develop physical knowledge, skills.


We present a method for generating a pencil drawing from a digital image using the feature geometric attributes obtained by analysis of image moment and texture of each region. Thus, the drawing results represent not only the local region information but also the feature characteristics. It is inspired and devised to correspond to a real pencil drawing process: A painter often divides a scene into regions, observes the distinctive features, and applies the pencil strokes accordingly. We have implemented the method and compared the results with Adobe Photoshop 5.0.


Water-soluble starch was cross-linked with epichlorohydrin in the presence of NH4OH. The weakly basic ion exchanger prepared this way was made into a salt form with HCl, H2SO4, and H3PO4. The samples obtained were analyzed with dynamic and isothermal thermogravimetry/mass spectrometry (TG/MS) method in an inert environment. From the dynamic TG/MS plots, it is evident that dehydration is the most important primary reaction observed by this method. The formation of CO2 as a predominant secondary product has lower intensity by one order of magnitude than water. The third most abundant ion CO (m=z 28) has intensity of the same order as CO2, while methane, methyl, formyl, formaldehyde and other less important species follow. The calculated rate constants of residue formation as well as gasi®cation from the isothermal experiments ®t ®rst-order kinetics, and indicate that the thermal stability of starch is improved by cross-linking with epichlorohydrin. The rate constants of gasi®cation are three orders of magnitude larger than for residue formation, while the activation energies of gasi®cation are smaller than for residue formation. The introduction of amino groups results in a slightly increased rate of thermolysis, while the activation energies are close to unmodi®ed material. Compared to free amine form of the modi®ed starch, the salt form increases the rate of dehydration and decreases the activation energies of gasi®cation especially for H2SO4, where SO2 is formed. q 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.


Dialkyl p-nitrophenyl phosphates have been prepared by the interaction of dialkyl phosphorochloridates and sodium p-nitrophenoxide. Physical constants of these faintly yellow coloured phosphates are recorded, infrared spectra included.


In this paper, we report on the development of a 3D vision field upgrade kit for TALON robot consisting of a replacement flat panel stereoscopic display, and multiple stereo camera systems. An assessment of the system's use for robotic driving, manipulation, and surveillance operations was conducted. The 3D vision system was integrated onto a TALON IV Robot and Operator Control Unit (OCU) such that stock components could be electrically disconnected and removed, and upgrade components coupled directly to the mounting and electrical connections. A replacement display, replacement mast camera with zoom, auto-focus, and variable convergence, and a replacement gripper camera with fixed focus and zoom comprise the upgrade kit. The stereo mast camera allows for improved driving and situational awareness as well as scene survey. The stereo gripper camera allows for improved manipulation in typical TALON missions.


Although there was no focused administration of ethnic minorities in Finland until the last decades of the twentieth century, there was a variety of rationalities, techniques and practices of governance used for their conduct. In this article, I analyse how the governance of the Roma and the Sámi – the two biggest minorities at the time – changed after the mid-1800s, when the new ethno-cultural understanding of population spread throughout administration and governing bodies. This Foucauldian analysis concentrates on the descent of this 'event', the social and political conditions of its emergence and the actual changes it entailed in the governance of these minorities.


We recently demonstrated the growth of regularly shaped, nanoscale islands of graphene on Co(0001) surfaces [Fig. 1(a) and Ref. 1]. Here we combine low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements and DFT based calculations to study their edge properties [2]. These nanoislands reveal a well-ordered structure with predominant zigzag termination at the edges, as opposite to what is predicted to be the most stable configuration in isolated systems [3]. Moreover, STS tunneling spectra show prominent peaks at low bias, where the edges dominate the images. DFT calculations provide insights into the relative


1 Key texts A basic introduction to political philosophy, covering social justice and related issues well is: Kymlicka, W. (2002), Contemporary political philosophy: an introduction, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.


With significant attention paid to the field of tissue-specific stem cells, the identification of stem cell-specific markers is of considerable importance. Previously, the side population (SP) phenotype, with the capacity to efflux the DNA-binding dye Hoechst 33342, has been recognized as a common feature of adult tissue-specific stem cells. In this study, we show that high expression of integrin (cid:1) 3 (CD61) is an attribute of SP cells isolated from mouse bone marrow. Additionally, we confirmed that the expression of integrin (cid:1) 3 is correlated with properties of quiescent hemopoietic stem cells (HSCs) including the strength of the SP phenotype, cell cycle arrest, expression of HSC markers, and long-term hemopoiesis. Importantly, Lineage (cid:2) (Lin (cid:2) )/integrin (cid:1) 3 high ( (cid:1) 3 high ) SP cells have as strong a capacity for long-term hemopoiesis as c-Kit (cid:3) /Sca-1 (cid:3) /Lin (cid:2) SP cells, which are regarded as one of the most highly enriched HSC populations. Finally, the integrin (cid:1) 3 subunit that is present in SP cells having the properties of HSCs, is associated with integrin (cid:4) v (CD51). Therefore, our results demonstrate that high expression of integrin (cid:1) 3 is correlated to the properties of quiescent HSCs and suggest that the integrin (cid:1) 3 subunit is available as a common surface marker of tissue-specific stem cells. The Journal of Immunology, 2006, 177: 7733–7739. stem we show We with the ability for


Introduction: Since sleep is found to be a fundamental part in experiencing quality of life and health it is of importance that nurses and other health care personnel strive to improve sleep and pr ...


The physiological changes of pear Jujube treated with 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)at low temperature(0℃±1℃)storage were studied.The results showed that 1-MCP treatment could retard the loss of the content of Vc and titratable acidity at a certain extent,slowed down the loss of water and index of turn red,but had no effect on respiration rate.0.5 mg/L 1-MCP treatment could obviously postpone the increasing of relative conductivity and MDA content.


Objective To investigate the change of plasma visfatin and free fatty acids(FFA) levels in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods Plasma visfatin and FFA concentrations and clinical indicators were measured in 106 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM(T2DM group) and 100 normal control subjects(control group).Results Plasma visfatin and FFA levels in T2DM group were higher than those in control group(P 0.01).Multi-dimensional linear stepwise regression analysis showed waist to hip ratio(WHR)and fasting blood glucose(FBG) were independent associated factors which affected plasma visfatin leve1.Conclusions The change of plasma visfatin level is associated closely with metabolism of glucose and lipid,that may plays a role in the pathogenesis of T2DM.


Technology has been an important factor affecting social life since the beginning of humankind. During the 21st century it had influenced a wide area from education to science and economy. It can be claimed that, development level of a country 'is parallel with his/her advances in technology. On the other hand, it can be said that in order for a country to advance in technology, successful policies on technology production and technology usage should be implemented.


Cell surface glycoproteins play critical roles in maintaining cardiac structure and function in health and disease and the glycan-moiety attached to the protein is critical for proper protein folding, stability and signaling. However, despite mounting evidence that glycan structures are key modulators of heart function and must be considered when developing cardiac biomarkers, we currently do not have a comprehensive view of the glycans present in the normal human heart. In the current study, we used porous graphitized carbon liquid chromatography interfaced with mass spectrometry (PGC-LC-MS) to generate glycan structure libraries for primary human heart tissue homogenate, cardiomyocytes (CM) enriched from human heart tissue, and human induced pluripotent stem cell derived CM (hiPSC-CM). Altogether, we established the first reference structure libraries of the cardiac glycome containing 265 N- and O-glycans. These data will benefit future functional glycomics studies by informing the genes, proteins and metabolites responsible for the end-result structures and the glycan isomer libraries defined in this study are necessary for interpretation of future intact glycopeptide data. The cell-type specific glycan differences observed here will support the generation of cell-type specific protein glycoform maps of the human heart, thereby promoting the development of cell type-specific targeting strategies. Moreover, by comparing primary CM to hiPSC-CM collected during 20-100 days of differentiation, dynamic changes in the glycan profile throughout in vitro differentiation and differences between primary and hiPSC-CM are revealed. These observations are an important complement to current genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic profiling and reveal new considerations for the use and interpretation of hiPSC-CM models for studies of human development, disease, and drug testing. Finally, these data are expected to support future regenerative medicine efforts by informing targets for evaluating the immunogenic potential of hiPSC-CM and harnessing differences between immature, proliferative hiPSC-CM and adult primary CM. Graphical Abstract


Abstract We make the case for increased laboratory experimentation in public management research. Laboratory experiments can generate useful knowledge, particularly in testing causal relationships among constructs of interest. The challenge in this regard is one of identifying the appropriate role for experiments in a greater knowledge production enterprise. Although laboratory experiments are underutilized, they have proffered important knowledge contributions to the field, especially in areas of decision-making and, increasingly, motivation. Because practical problems may pose a greater obstacle to laboratory experimentation in public management than epistemological issues, we address external validity and the cost of conducting laboratory experiments before concluding with suggestions for future research.


Tampere University of Applied Sciences Degree Programme in Business Information Systems Option of ICT Entrepreneurship KANGASMÄKI MEERI: Digital guide on blockchain-technology and its benefits for Osuuspankki personnel Bachelor's thesis 43 pages, appendices 18 pages October 2016 This thesis was commissioned by Osuuspankki Oy. The goal was to produce a guide for Osuuspankki personnel about blockchain technology and its benefits. Blockchain technology is going to change the financial industry in the near future and that is why it is important to increase knowledge about it. Basic principles of blockchain technology are introduced in this thesis. First, the thesis covers the hype surrounding blockchain. After the introduction, the basic principles of how blockchain technology works are explained as simply as possible. Lastly, the benefits of blockchain technology are discussed more extensively and the process of making the guide is described. The result of this thesis was a simple, easily readable and informative guide to blockchain technology and its benefits. The information in the guide is presented in a user friendly way, including informative pictures. The guide includes various examples of existing blockchain companies so the reader can get a wider perspective of its use cases.


The Aasta Hansteen Subsea Production System is a part of a new major deep water gas development located in the Norwegian Sea, north of the Arctic Circle and 300 km from shore, west of the city of Bodø in Norway. With a water depth of 1300m, this development is a new water depth record in Norwegian waters and it is characterized by its remote location and harsh environment.
 The objective of this paper is to present the concept selections, technology development, design and fabrication for the subsea production system including umbilical and workover system. The paper demonstrates the importance of solid preparation in early phase planning, continuous implementation of lessons learned and an extensive test program in order to verify the new technical solutions for the Aasta Hansteen subsea deepwater development. This included development of a new mono-pile "toast rack" template designed for guideline less installation of manifolds and X-mas tree systems. This paper also presents a new deep water Workover system, involving an extensive qualification program and several new technical features such as a new safety joint, heave compensator and automated make-up of riser joints and more, in order to improve operational efficiency and increase safety under given challenging conditions. The paper also addresses a full scale wellhead testing in order to verify the design for fatigue performance.
 Several novel technologies were qualified and implemented as part of the Aasta Hansteen Subsea Production System to adapt to deep water operations, to enhance HSE performance and improve efficiency of the system. The experience is that the new technologies and new system solutions have improved HSE performance, operational performance and installation friendliness.


Objective
To analyze the correlation of hepatocellular carcinoma with hepatitis B virus genotype, subgenotype, or mutation, so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Methods
Totally four patients with HBV associated primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) were collected in this study. HBV DNA was tested by qRT-PCR. HBeAg was tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. HBV genotypes were determined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. HBV subgenotypes were determined by nested PCR. HBV DNA mutations were determined by PCR or direct sequencing.

Results
Among the four patients with PHC, the positive rate of HBeAg was 75%. HBV DNA quantitative detection was positive in three patients (2.03×105 IU/mL, 2.56×106 IU/mL, and 3.12×105 IU/mL), and one case was HBV DNA negative. The detected genotypes included type B in one case (subtype B2) and type C in three cases, among which one was subtype C1 and two were subtype C2. Thus, in PHC patients, the main genotype and subgenotype were C and C2, respectively.

Conclusion
HBV genotypes, especially genotype C and subgenotype C2 variants, may be risk factors for the development of PHC. The gene mutations of HBV DNA may be closely related to the occurrence and development of PHC.

Key words:
Hepatitis B virus; Genotype; Gene subtype; Genovariation; Primary hepatic carcinoma


Here we report a case of 15 year old male presented with recurrent episodes of upper GI Bleed with dyspnea on sitting past history of jaundice on examination Moderately built, nourished, central cyanosis pandigital clubbing, no pedal edema, no lymphadenopathy, spider naevi , no jaundice Systemic examination Examination of AbdomenLivspan10cmsSplenomegaly, no free fluidCVS S1S2 heard no murmurRS NVBS no added sounds CBC HB 19.8 gmsdl PCV 60.5 T.B 0.8mgdl SGOT 32 IU SGPT 45 IU T.P 6.3gmsdl USG ABD Doppler Both lobes of Liver small 8.8cms portal vein -13mm no respiration variations splenic vein 7.6 mm splenorenal collaterals UGIE Esophageal varices Grade 1-11 columns , PHTG Arterial blood gas Analysis PH 7.47 Pco2 24.5 Pao2 48 Sao2 81.3 Na 141 K 3.7 Hco3 52 CECT chest normal ECHO Situs Levocardia ,Normal AVVA concordance Septum intact, mPAP 17 mmhg no PHT, normal LV function ContrastEchocardiogram Peripheral intravenous injection of agitated saline to produce micro bubbles(10-15micron) appeared in Left ventricle Delayed after 3 to 6 beats suggestive of intrapulmonary shunting


Meningococcal vaccine Because of the intensely crowded conditions of the Hajj and high carrier rates of Neisseria meningitidis among pilgrims, outbreaks of meningococcal disease have historically been a problem during Hajj. In the aftermath of outbreaks in 2000 and 2001 that affected 1300 and 1109 people, respectively, the Saudi Ministry of Health began requiring all pilgrims and local at-risk populations to receive the meningococcal vaccine. Hajj visas cannot be issued without proof of meningococcal vaccination. All adults and children more than 2 years of age must have received a single dose of quadrivalent A/C/Y/ W-135 vaccine and must show proof of vaccination on a valid International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis. Hajj pilgrims must have received the meningococcal vaccine less than or equal to 3 years and at least 10 days before arriving in Saudi Arabia. Now the conjugate vaccine is available, which is good coverage for 5 years [1].