It discusses that in the large medical image storage environment, how to design and realize offloading mechanism of PACS system, high availability mechanism, and disaster recovery mechanism, to effectively relieve offloading of PACS image server, improve clinical access speed and PACS system reliance. Meanwhile, it introduces construction of PACS storage server cluster network and realization method of various mechanisms.


The author used ATLAS.ti to conduct a systematic review of the literature on leadership competencies in fields undergoing rapid change to complete his dissertation. Studies were imported to ATLAS.ti for first, second and third stage analysis which led to the creation of final themes and concepts. The use of ATLAS.ti for coding encouraged a cyclical and iterative approach to data analysis that would have been difficult to accomplish through note cards, word processing, or spreadsheet applications. ATLAS.ti assisted with using meta-ethnography as the means of synthesizing both qualitative and quantitative research. ATLAS.ti provided the ability to make chains of multiple codes and linking of quotations to create networks, which was vital to third stage coding. These network diagrams were qualitative visual representations of the data and greatly assisted with third stage coding. Concepts, themes, and patterns emerged from the network diagrams. Also useful at this stage for identifying patterns in the data was mapping of co-occurring codes. ATLAS.ti allows co-occurring codes to be retrieved and visualized through network and mapping tools. Finally, ATLAS.ti was used to create hyperlinked maps of quotations which assisted with the analysis of proposition three of this dissertation.


Paramecium tetraurelia are known to exhibit avoiding reactions (brief periods of backward swimming) in response to environmental stimuli that oscillate with a pe riod of 61 minutes, indicating an underlying ultradian clock. The addition of various concentrations of KN-62, a drug known to inhibit CaMKII activity, disrupts the ultradian rhythm, decreasing the periodicity from 61 to 21 minutes and delays the increas e in the frequency of avoiding reactions (the circadian rhythm) from 700 minutes in the control data to between 900-1050 minutes. RNA interference of the CaMKII gene also shorte ned the periodicity of the ultradian clock from 61 to 21 minutes and delayed the circadian rhythm from 710 minutes in the control to between 910-1050 minutes. These results indicate that CaMKII plays an important role in the regulation of these biological rhythms, and is the first study to show that CaMKII is involved in the regulation of


Like Bernard Mandeville, Archibald Campbell develops a profoundly egoistic conception of human psychology. However, Campbell attacks numerous points in Mandeville's moral philosophy, in particular Mandeville's treatment of self-love, the desire for esteem, and human nature in general as corrupt. He also criticises Mandeville's corresponding insistence on self-denial and his rigorist conception of luxury. Campbell himself is subsequently attacked by Scottish orthodox Calvinists - not for his egoism, but for his optimism regarding postlapsarian human nature and self-love. This episode demonstrates that the debates on egoism in Mandeville should be seen in the context of the debates on postlapsarian human nature.


A THEORETICAL STUDY IS PRESENTED OF THE RESISTANCE TO ROLLING OF A CYLINDER MOVING ON A HORIZONTAL PLANE AND THE EQUATION REPRESENTING THE MOVEMENT OF THE SYSTEM IS CALCULATED ASSUMING THAT THERE EXISTS A RESISTANCE TO SLIDING AND RESISTANCE TO ROLLING. DETAILS ARE GIVEN OF THE MOST USED FORMULAE FOR CALCULATING THE TRACTIVE FORCE THE MACHINE MUST DEVELOP TO COMPENSATE THE RESISTANCE TO ROLLING, AND THE APPLICATION OF THESE FORMULAE TO PNEUMATIC-TYRED WHEELS IS ANALYZED. FORMULAE ARE ALSO PRESENTED FOR EARTHMOVING MACHINES AS A FUNCTION OF THE PENETRATION IN CENTIMETERS OF THE WHEEL IN THE GROUND TOGETHER WITH A TABLE FOR DETERMINING RESISTANCE TO ROLLING UNDER TYPICAL EARTH ROAD CONDITIONS. THE METHOD OF PLOTTING A GRAPH TO IMMEDIATELY OBTAIN THE RESISTANCE TO ROLLING AS A FUNCTION OF SPEED AND TIME IS DESCRIBED.


Abstract: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a medical condition that includes pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep veins thrombosis (DVT). It is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in hospitalized, particularly critically ill patients as they posses more risk factors. The prevalence of VTE increases without prophylaxis, and studies showed that adequate prophylaxis can reduce its incidence. This lead to the development of VTE prophylaxis guidelines and recommendations by many authorities, such as the American College of Chest Physicians, NICE, and many others, based on the risk stratification of the patients according to their condition. However, none of these guidelines were extensively validated. Aims – To evaluate the adequacy of VTE prophylaxis prescribed to ICU patients, based on their risk stratification. Methods – A random sample of 50% of the ICU patients, taken as a snap-shot in one day, and evaluated for three issues, whether or not the patient is receiving any form of VTE prophylaxis, whether or not the risk stratification was documented in the patient's chart, and whether or not each patient was receiving adequate VTE prophylaxis based on his/her risk stratification, whether it was calculated or not. Results were presented as percentages. Results – All of the patients in the sample were receiving some form of VTE prophylaxis (100%), but none of them (0%) had the risk stratification documented in the chart, when the risk stratification for each patient was calculated according to the condition, ten patients (29%) were receiving adequate VTE prophylaxis, and those patient were in the low and moderate risk groups, while none of the high risk patients was receiving adequate VTE prophylaxis Conclusions –  ICU physicians are well aware of the importance of VTE prophylaxis. Risk stratification for VTE is not being documented in patients' files. There is a tendency to under-stratify patients for risk of VTE among ICU physicians. The ICU needs to adopt a protocol for VTE risk assessment and proper dosing of thromboprophylaxis.


Method of preparing aluminium hydroxide by sodium hydroxide alkali fusion of bauxite is proceeded as follows: solid sodium hydroxide is added to alkali resisting reactor, heating and fusing adding bauxite powder according to proportion, mix, continus heating and melting, maintain 320-650 deg.C for 0.25 to 5 hr., take out fused block, adding water and boiling to macerate, filtering, remove red fiter residue, transfer filtrate to carbonizing tower, introduce CO2 to transfer sodium metaaluminate in filtrate to sodium carbonate and hydrolyze and precipitate out aluminium hydroxide, filter, wash out the sodium salt remaining in the precipitate, press and dry to obtain aluminium hydroxide product. The sodium carbonate filtrate is causticized to recover sodium hydroxide.


The paper analyses the presence and function of curses in Sophocles' Antigone. In particular, it explores the interaction that the introduction of predetermined elements into the plot of the tragedy creates with the pre-existing fate. Scarcely relevant on the level of the actual development of events, the curse nevertheless plays a significant role on the semantic level.


Sintered stainless steel (SSS) is manufactured using the powder metallurgy technology (PM). SSSs are
characterized by a two–phase structure which can be obtained by mixing different proportions of the main
structural components (i.e. austenite and ferrite). Taking into account the improvement of functional properties
of SSSs, a number of surface modifications have been proposed. This study proposes a method to improve
functional properties by formation of chromium carbide coating and alloying the surface by the gas tungsten
arc welding (GTAW) process. The results of light optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy
(SEM/EDX), roughness parameters, hardness, and the coefficient of friction are presented.


This review attempts to summarise recent progress in the development of hybrid materials based on KCC-1 NPs, with special emphasis on the various fabrication strategies employed in previously published reports. It is believed that the successful applications of such versatile nanocatalytic systems would play a key role in establishing sustainable technologies. In this study, a fibrous nano-silica supported sulfonic acid, which features with easy accessibility of active sites and high catalytic activity, was synthesized by a simple, cost-effective procedure. The synthesized nanocatalyst exhibited excellent catalytic activity for the synthesis of the heterocyclic compounds under mild conditions to the easy accessibility of the active sites. Our developed catalyst showed enhanced catalytic activity, better than that of the well-known silica supported sulfonic acid catalysts. A high catalytic activity and ease of recovery from the reaction mixture by using external magnet and several reuses without any significant loss in performance are additional eco-friendly attributes of this catalytic system.


This paper attempts to understand occupational mobility and wage growth of young workers in terms of basic labor market skills; cognitive, interpersonal, and motor skills. I emphasize that occupations are heterogeneous in formation and utilization of these skills. The model is structurally estimated using occupational task measures from the Dictionary of Occupational Titles and career history from the NLSY79. I find that observed occupational choice is largely rationalized by skills, not by preference. The results also indicate that wage growth of high school graduates are driven by the growth of motor skills at the very early career. However, interpersonal skills take over the position as the main contributor to the wage growth subsequently.


Abstract 3510 Poster Board III-447 Introduction Romiplostim is a peptibody protein designed to increase platelet production by binding to and activating the thrombopoietin receptor; it is approved for the treatment of thrombocytopenia in patients with chronic ITP. Home administration of romiplostim may offer a desirable treatment option for some patients. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of romiplostim home administration during a 52-week study in adult ITP patients. Patients and Methods This was a phase 3b, multi-center, randomized, standard of care (SOC) controlled, open-label study comparing the incidence of splenectomy and treatment failure in ITP patients receiving either romiplostim or medical SOC for ITP. Eligible patients were nonsplenectomized adult ITP patients who had received at least 1 prior therapy for ITP, with a baseline platelet count Results The 157 patients who were randomized to romiplostim had a median age of 58 (range 18 to 90) years and 85 (54%) were female. Home administration was initiated by 69% (109/157) of the patients who received romiplostim, and home administration was continued for a median of 36 weeks (Interquartile range, 14). Home administration was interrupted for 6 consecutive weeks or more in 24/109 (22%) patients. Of the109 patients who started home administration, 93 (85%) continued to home administer until the end of the study. For each patient, their most frequently used dose of romiplostim was determined. The median of patients9 most frequently used dose remained stable after home administration was initiated (Table). There was no difference in the percentage of weeks with a platelet response (defined as a platelet count > 50 × 109/L, excluding those within 8 weeks of rescue medication use) during the time before (83%) and the time after (88%) the start of home administration (p=0.147). The rate of adverse events appeared lower after patients began home administration, and did not appear to increase with longer duration of treatment (Table). No deaths occurred either before or after home administration. Conclusions The safety and efficacy profile of romiplostim was not impaired when patients changed from in-office administration to home administration. Home administration of romiplostim appears to be a convenient treatment option for some ITP patients. Disclosures: Lyons:Amgen Inc.: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy; JohnsonJ GlaxoSmithKline: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau. Boccia:Amgen Inc.: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Macik:Amgen Inc.: Research Funding; Eisai Inc.: Research Funding. Mandanas:Genzyme: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Speakers Bureau. Wang:Amgen Inc.: Employment, Equity Ownership. Lizambri:Amgen Inc.: Employment, Equity Ownership. Berger:Amgen Inc.: Employment, Equity Ownership.


A recently reported stability criterion for symmetric nonlinear output-coupled multivariable systems is obtained more directly from a general stability theorem for nonlinear systems


1 This monograph reports proceedings of a National Cancer Institute workshop on chromosomal translocations in cancer held in October 2006 at the Airlie Conference Center, Warrenton, Virginia. Participants reviewed recent findings on the molecular mechanisms of chromosomal translocations ( 1 – 4 ). A particular focus was the MYC IGH exchange, arguably the best elucidated translocation in terms of chromosomal and molecular structure, DNA repair and cellular stress-response signaling pathways, and modeling in transgenic mice ( 5 – 8 ). Epidemiologic understanding of oncogene-activating translocations primarily derives from unique features of BCL2 , which, when expressed by juxtaposition to IGH enhancers, promotes survival and expansion of affected cells that are readily sampled in peripheral blood ( 9 , 10 ). By comparison, the fusion-gene translocations have well-described clinical consequences ( 11 ) but only recently have been modeled in mice ( 12 , 13 ), and their mechanisms of generation are still unclear. Translocations and other chromosomal aberrations are potentially valuable predictors of human cancer risk ( 14 – 18 ). An historical perspective ( 19 ) and considerations of heritable translocations in mice ( 20 ) rounded out a truly comprehensive agenda. The workshop brought together laboratory, clinical, and population scientists to cross-fertilize and catalyze research on this important disease process. On behalf of the participants, the coorganizers have had the privilege of assembling these proceedings to convey the workshop highlights for the interested scientifi c community.


This chapter explains the ordinance of the three synoptic Gospels without resorting to a structure that, originally, they have in common. The common ordinance is explained in three ways: by internal consistency of materials, by external framework that requires the story, by a common source which depends on common narratives. After gaining some stability, the catechesis is diversified according to the requirements of different backgrounds, from which justify the differences in content and in the ordinance of the periscopes. This explanation in fact leads to a structure-type which depends on the current evangelists, that is to say to the third possibility. The sequence of periscopes, in Mark, would depend, by the fact, of the order of the Christian festivals of the liturgical calendar. The original text of the chapter is in French.Keywords: Christian festivals; common ordinance; evangelists; liturgical calendar; Mark; pericopes; structure-type; synoptic Gospels


Social diversity hinges on three universal human realities. First, that each individual is unique. Second, that individuals and their societies are inter-related and inter-dependent. And third, that societies and cultures are dynamic: change, whether rapid or gradual, affects different members of society in ways that reflect differences in power and status.


Individuals in certain stages of life have a higher risk of vitamin B12 deficiency. Absorption of vitamin B12 may be impaired in some older adult vegetarians due to age-related changes in the gastrointestinal track. Pregnant and lactating vegetarian women and their offspring are at a high risk of deficiency due to physiological and anatomical changes and higher demand for nutrients during these stages of the life cycle.


Due to its outstanding physical and electrical properties,graphene has become one of the hot research topics and frontiers in the fields of physics and semiconductor electronics.The physical and electrical properties of graphene were briefly introduced.A comprehensive review was presented to the current research activities concen-trated on the epitaxial growth of graphene which could be the most promising strategy among the reported methods to meet the challenge for mass production of graphene with high quality.A systematical discussion was then pre-sented to the epitaxial growth of graphene by using various substrates of SiC and metals.By the end of this article,an overview was made on the recent applications of graphene in opto/electronic devices,such as field-effect tran-sistors,light emitting diodes,supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries.It is accepted that not only growth of gra-phene with sizes from nanometer to centimeter could be achieved,but also the thicknesses with monolayer to a few layers could be successfully tailored via epitaxial growth of graphene on SiC/metal substrates.It is promised that the strategy of epitaxial growth could accomplish the mass production of graphene with high quality,low cost and compatibility to the conventional electronic process,which lays the significant foundations for the applications of graphenes in devices.


Radical theology is not only an academic inquiry but also a radical spirituality. This point is confirmed in the phenomenology of radical prayer found in Derrida's "Circumfession". Derrida's prayer takes place in a theopoetic space opened by a theopoetic epoche, which suspends both the supernatural signified (supernaturalism, praying to a Supreme Being) and the transcendental signified (rationalism, reducing prayer to a subjective fantasy). Radical prayer is compared to Augustine's prayer in the Confessions, taken here as a paradigm of classical prayer. The difference is not that Augustine is really praying and Derrida's prayer is a literary conceit, but that Augustine's prayer takes place within a determined set of "beliefs", of material symbols in which to incarnate his prayer, of which Derrida is deprived, from which he is circum-cut. But this very deprivation or de-materialization renders Derrida's prayer an even more radical one, belonging to a more spectral "faith", to the spirituality of a radical theology, to a theology of the event, by which traditional spirituality is both nourished and inwardly disturbed.


This study explores employee innovation behavior from the perspective of job wellbeing. Based on resource conservation theory, creativity theory and positive emotion extensionconstruction theory, a theoretical model of job demand-resources, job well-being and innovation behavior was constructed. Smart PLS2.0 and SPSS23.0 were used for empirical tests. The results show that skill extension and job well-being positively affect innovation behavior. Skill extension, job autonomy and colleague support have positive effects on job well-being. Job well-being partially mediates the relationship between skill extension and innovation behavior, and fully mediates the relationship between job autonomy, colleague support and innovation behavior. Through the analysis framework of job demand-resource model, and taking job well-being as the mediating variable, the factors influencing employee innovation behavior are improved.


The present study investigated the reproductive biology of silverside, Atherinella brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) in a tidal flat of Paranagua Bay, littoral of Parana State, Brazil. Fish were captured monthly from November 1998 to October 1999 by the mean of a seine-net. For each individual, total body length, total weight, sex, and gonadal weight were recorded. Gonadal development stages were also defined based on the histological examination of the ovaries and on the visual aspects of the testes. It was defined that the reproductive period of A. brasiliensis extends from June to December, based on he analyses of individual gonadosomatic index (GSI) values distribution in relation to the sampling periods, on the monthly variation of the GSI mean values (Curve of Maturation), both for males and females, and on the monthly variation of the relative frequencies of the female maturation stages. During this period, matured, partially spawned and spent females were found in higher frequencies in comparison to the other months. The sizes at first maturation were defined as 7,61cm and 6,92cm for females and males, respectively.


This study deals with the variation in strength of clays stabilized by a special binder—the CEM II/B-V type of Portland-fly ash cement. Two sources of uncertainties were examined, that is, the uncertainty in cement fraction in the binder, and the nonuniformity in binder concentration resulted from the process of mixing binder slurry with in situ clays. These two uncertainties were quantitatively described as two random variables, and the analyses were conducted through the Monte Carlo simulation method. Results indicate that the strength is insensitive to the cement fraction in the binder but is sensitive to the binder concentration; the variation of the latter even results in an amplified variation of strength. The variation of binder concentration is proposed to be linked up with the variation of strength through the operational parameter of blade rotation number. By doing so, the results could benefit designers in quality control prior to the construction of soil stabilization.


Current reform documents in mathematics education recommend that teachers help students develop both conceptual and procedural understandings. However, teachers often do not possess the in-depth mathematical reasoning necessary to accomplish this goal. The purpose of this article is to provide one way in which preservice teachers can come to better understand the mathematics they will teach.


For fissures in culverts are found in the reconstruction of the constructions through the dykes of Raoyanghe, this paper studies three schemes dealing with the problems after analyzing the causes, which has some guidance significance to tackle the cracks in other culverts.


The recent experiment of Stettenheim, et al. showed that, contrary to conventional belief, the coupling of a quantum electronic device to its substrate can have important effects on the noise power spectrum, since the substrate functions as a mechanical oscillator. We carry out a theoretical analysis of this coupling in the case of a quantum point contact (QPC). First we derive the noise power spectrum from the Hamiltonian without making the Markovian approximation, and obtain numerical results that reproduce the experimental data. Next we investigate the nature of the coupling. In most previous analyses, the coupling of an electronic device to a mechanical oscillator has been modeled as a position coupling. We model it both as a position coupling and as a momentum coupling and compare the results. We find that, as long as one includes backaction between position and momentum, the assumed mode of coupling makes little difference, since the backaction transmits momentum fluctuations to position fluctuations and vice versa. Finally, we ask whether the salient features of the model persist in the Markovian approximation. We find that a Markovian analysis confirms the QPC-substrate coupling, but underestimates the noise floor and leads to excessively sharp and narrow noise peaks around the resonant frequencies.


This article puts forward some solutions to the issues in the teaching of "Network and Multimedia"by means of analysing the students' proposals and demamds to the comse.In doing so,some reasonable suggestions are porvided for the teaching reform of the course.


We give a short proof of a bound on the list chromatic number of graphs $G$ of maximum degree $\Delta$ where each neighbourhood has density at most $d$, namely $\chi_\ell(G) \le (1+o(1)) \frac{\Delta}{\ln \frac{\Delta}{d+1}}$ as $\frac{\Delta}{d+1} \to \infty$. This bound is tight up to an asymptotic factor $2$, which is the best possible barring a breakthrough in Ramsey theory, and strengthens results due to Vu, and more recently Davies, P., Kang, and Sereni. Our proof relies on the first moment method, and adapts a clever counting argument developed by Rosenfeld in the context of non-repetitive colourings. As a final touch, we show that our method provides an asymptotically tight lower bound on the number of colourings of locally sparse graphs.


The percentage of abdominal fat was measured in F2 population of Recessive White × Xianju chicken reference family by genotyping 26 microsatellite DNA markers. The results showed that the percentage of abdominal fat was significantly associated with 2 microsatellite loci, which were ADL136 in chromosome 4 and MCW67 in chromosome 10.


The present invention allows analysis of a most important shared risk from a perspective of effects to a service. The present invention is provided with: a shared risk management unit which, for each shared risk factor upon a system, manages information for apparatuses and applications for which the shared risk factor imparts an effect; an apparatus characteristics management unit which manages information related to the characteristics of the apparatuses and the applications; a service characteristics management unit which, for each service provided by the system, manages information for applications necessary for provision of the service; and an effect calculation unit which calculates the effect to the system of each shared risk factor on the basis of the information for the apparatuses and the applications for which the shared risk factor imparts the effect, and the information for the applications necessary for the provision of the service.


The investment in power grid projects especially distribution network projects is increasing due to continuous growth of the national economy. To implement the designed goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutralization, the investment of power grid companies in the future will inevitably follow the concept of carpet investment. Therefore, this paper comprehensively depicts the benefits of distribution network projects and the requirements of carbon peaking and carbon neutralization. An evaluation index system of investment benefits of distribution network projects is established, and the standard score and index weight for each index are determined. It is expected that the presented method could support power grid companies to better implement investment optimization of distribution network projects.


We propose a setup that transforms a photon pair in arbitrary rank-four mixed state, which could also be unknown, to a Bell state. The setup involves two linear optical circuits processing the individual photons and a parity gate working with weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity. By the photon number resolving detection on one of the output quantum bus or communication beams, the setup will realize a near deterministic transformation to a Bell state for every entangling attempt. With the simple threshold detectors, on the other hand, the system can still reach a considerable success probability of 50% per try. The decoherence effect caused by photon absorption losses in the operation is also discussed.


There are many ways of recycling wood and its waste into energy. But one of the most perspective is gasification. Therefore, the technology of thermal recycling of wood fuel in gaseous fuel is an urgent problem to be solved. Consequently, our objective is to find the dependence of net calorific value of synthesis gas from the amount of air, humidity and particle size of chopped wood, which is fed into the gasifier. For the experimental research and development process of gasification of wood in gaseous fuel a gasifier with a continuous layer is designed. In the process of of experimental research the author used a mix of wood (willow ( Salix alba  L.) in the amount of 1/3 of the total weight of the mixture, Pine ( Pinus sylvestris ) – 1/3 of the total weight of the mixture, birch ( Betula pendula Roth.) – 1 / 3 of the total weight of the mixture). From experimental data we have evaluated the most optimal parameters gasification process of mixes wood, when net calorific value of synthesis gas reaches its maximum. We also obtained mathematical description of the object in a second order polynomial. To conclude, completed rationalization derived dependence to determine the values of the factors that ensure the maximum Q = 10.4 MJ / nm 3 , namely the size of the particles of wood l = 36 mm, the amount of air G = 68 nm 3 / h, a mixture of wood humidity W = 34 %. The experimental data show that the experimental gasifier enables gasifying wood, at low and high humidity (50 %); while the gas generators for the industrial impact of humidity on the process of gasification is significant. Therefore, the results of theoretical and experimental researches should determine the technical parameters of the gas generator installation with the definition of rational parameters of the process: particle size and humidity of chopped wood, the amount of air that is fed into the gasification chamber and to develop practical recommendations for thermal recycling of wood.


It is the direction of the future development of the electricity market to assess power quality and determine the tariff in accordance with the power quality. This paper established attribute recognition theoretical model, and determined the weight of each evaluation index of power quality based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) algorithm, and proposed the comprehensive assessment of power quality based on attribute recognition theory and AHP algorithm. Even considering various impact factors of steady state and transient state, this algorithm is able to avoid the subjectivity affecting the evaluation results for power assessment index weight, ensuring the fairness of the assessment. The results show that this algorithm is much more effective than the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method in differentiating the level of power quality, and thus to ensure the fairness of evaluation results.


Background: Cardiac arrest (CA) claims an estimated 300,000 lives in America each year even with cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) efforts. Additionally, of the patients who survive CPR and are discharged, many have suffered anoxic brain injury. Clinically, mild therapeutic hypothermia (TH) immediately post CA increases the odds of survival as well as improves neurological recovery and outcomes 6 months post-CA. Studies report that a small percent of CA patients recall their experience, but little is known regarding patient recall of hypothermia treatment post CA. This qualitative study seeks to understand the experience of survivors of CA and TH.

Methods: A qualitative phenomenology study was conducted at a single center with survivors 12-24 months following CA and TH. Face-to-face or telephone interviews were audio recorded with each subjects' permission and then transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were read in their entirety and searched for meaning-units that coalesced into themes. Consensus was achieved by all 3 nurse researchers and member-checked by being posed to a panel of survivors (1 was a subject of this study) which demonstrated thematic saturation yielding credible and trustworthy findings.

Results: Six 6 survivors (67% [4 of 6] male, age 19-72 years) were interviewed. Four overall themes emerged: Memory gap - CA- "I can tell you what people told me, because I don't remember it" and TH -"I don't remember being cold or uncomfortable or anything like that" ; Filling in the gaps - "Several doctors, from what I understand, told my sister that I would have at least 70% brain loss if I was to wake up" "Everything was told to me"; and Misconceptions - "Even though I have a pacemaker/defibrillator it only operates one side; it doesn't operate the whole heart. At least that's what they told me anyway" "Of course, they told me if (my heart rate) got to 300, my heart would explode" ; and Divine coincidence - "My son had just taken a CPR course" "There was a nurse in the restaurant I was at" . Additionally, several patients provided unsolicited compliments of the staff - "I got absolutely outstanding care there ¼ I believe because they got me into hypothermia protocol so quickly, that was probably one of the contributing factors to my success" . Though one patient stated "I wish they'd left me alone" as he had unknowingly been resuscitated against his wishes.

Conclusions: Survivors of CA and TH report memory gaps, and then strive to fill in the gaps by family and staff descriptions. Additionally, survivors easily identified an unexplained coincidence that they felt allowed them to successfully recover from their CA. Further study is warranted regarding whether the creation of a specific treatment plan to assist in the accurate recall and story would enhance survivors and family in recovery.


The role of the eggshell of two species of lizard (Anolis limifrons and A. sagrei, lguanidae, Squamata) in water transport is discussed. Levels of soil moisture in habitats of A. limifrons in Panama vary seasonally in two locales; the lowest values are attained during the dry season months of February–April. The transfer of water from the soil to the egg must be mediated by the biologically passive eggshell. The eggshells of these two species consist of five concentrically arranged zones of fibrils peripheral to the shell and egg membranes. The fibrils are covered by a granular layer containing CaCO3. This layer bounds irregular channels passing from the exterior to the interior of the eggshell. It is proposed that water moves from the soil through the eggshell by capillary.


I knew before turning the first page of Pound Foolish: Exposing the Dark Side of the Personal Finance Industry that it was going to be an interesting book review to write. Pound Foolish has been getting a lot of media attention in 2013 and has been both praised and vilified for its treatment of the financial services industry in general (including financial education) and some of its key players. In short, unlike many scholarly books reviewed in this journal that have primarily a "just the facts" approach, Pound Foolish is controversial, as well as insightful, and takes aim at a wide array of targets ranging from Suze Orman, David Bach, and Dave Ramsey, to financial education programs, to the Jump$tart Coalition surveys of youth financial literacy. Not surprisingly, its content, both what is included and what is not, provides ample fodder for critical analysis and commentary.


We introduce a class of $C^{1+\alpha}$ isolated nonuniformly hyperbolic sets $\Lambda$ for which $\sup_{\mu \in {\mathcal M}_f}\{h(\mu) - \chi^+(\mu)\}$ equals the rate of escape from $\Lambda$, where $\chi^+(\mu)$ is the average of the sum of positive Lyapunov exponents counted with their multiplicity.


Smoking is the most important modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. Bupropion administration is an effective method to achieve smoking cessation (SC), but the drug is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system and this might cause interactions with antiretroviral drugs. We present a prospective study of bupropion SC therapy in HIV-positive patients under antiretroviral treatment. A total of 21 patients were studied; 38% of them stopped smoking for more than one year. No clinically significant drug interactions were found. Bupropion SC therapy was effective in HIV-positive patients and did not cause significant clinical interactions with antiretroviral drugs.


Elements Influencing Study Success Study success can be influenced by following factors: (i) social elements (social class position, parents' education, parents' profession, parents' income); (ii) student-related factors (motivation, aptitude, effort, IQ, time spend on study, opportunity to learn, pre-university education); (iii) quality of instruction (organisation, course material, communication, assignments, exams, grading, course outcomes); (iv) curriculum (number of courses, sequence of courses, test schedule, system-block or parallel); (v) government (grant, student accommodation). In the paper the influence of these factors on study success is presented. Social and academic integration are central aspects. In the research we found out that "social elements" greatly influence the decision to enrol, but have less influence on marks received and the duration of study. Grants also greatly influence study success. We were surprised when we found out that factors from the "quality of instruction" group can only explain 12.3% of the variance of exam results.


There has been a tightening of the Australian labour market for economists during the 1990s yet, despite this, there has been a continued substantial net inflow of migrants economists. The impact of this inflow has been particularly severe on the academic economist labour market, which is one of the weakest submarkets for professionals with training in economics.


We have proposed an Attribute-Based Delegation Model (ABDM), in which delegatee must satisfy both delegation prerequisite condition (CR) and delegation attribute expression (DAE) when assigned to a delegation role. ABDM introduce some auto revocation mechanics to support two new types of auto revocation: revocation triggered by the change of user's delegation attribute expression and revocation triggered by the change of delegated permission's delegation attribute expression, which are different from existing revocations. ABDM supports auto revocation triggered by time. This paper also discusses system cost of auto revocation and security of multi-step delegation. An auto revocation algorithm and a system architecture are proposed in the end of this paper.


As a start, biology evolves in an environment that is mostly water. While the percentage of water in human bodies is about 65%, it is generally higher in plants (about 90%), and even more so in week-old human embryos (up to 97%)! Where is the water? In human beings, 1/ˆ•3 of it can be found in the extracellular medium, while 2/3 of it lies within the intracellular medium, a confined environment that is typically a few microns in diameter. From the words of Alberts et al., "€œWater accounts for about 70% of a cell's weight, and most intracellular reactions occur in an aqueous environment. Life on Earth began in the ocean, and the conditions in that primeval environment put a permanent stamp on the chemistry of living things. Life therefore hinges on the properties of water."

As scientists and engineers develop nanoscale sensor and actuator devices for the study of biomolecular systems, NFM will play an increasingly important role. The study of fundamental nanoscale flow processes is a key aspect of our effort to understand and interact with biological systems. Many biomolecular processes such as the transport of DNA and proteins are carried out in aqueous environments, and aerobic organisms depend on gas exchange for survival. The development of envisioned nanoscale biomedical devices such as nanoexplorers and cell manipulators will require understanding of natural and forced transport processes of flows in the nanoscale. In addition, it will be important to understand transport processes around biomolecular sensing devices to increase the probability of finding target molecules and identifying important biological processes in the cellular and subcellular level in isolated or high background noise environments.

While there can be a large variety of nanoscale systems (from the individual molecules themselves to the assembly of those molecules into complex structures such as cellular membranes), it would be a formidable task to try to understand the essential physics of these systems by peering at every known device. For more than a century, engineering fluid mechanics has taught us that simple, canonical experiments, such as the flow around a circular cylinder, can provide us with all of the fundamental physics needed to understand the flow dynamics of much more complex systems, such as the aerodynamics of airplanes or the hydrodynamics of ships. Following this conjecture, one may consider that the study of fundamental nanoscale flow physics of prototypical configurations will enable further advances in the development of complex scientific and engineering devices. At the same time, we are reminded that thousands of airplanes had been flying without the engineers having understood every minute detail about turbulent flow.


System simulation plays very important role in spacecraft engineering and is an essential part of spacecraft technology. Three simulation methods used to test and verify performances and functions of spacecraft and five simulation methods to establish a universal simulation system for spacecraft ground TT&C system are proposed. A simulation system for spacecraft, especially for control system of the spacecraft, is analyzed.


The ESRF, the European Synchrotron, is the world's most intense X-ray source and a center of excellence for fundamental and innovation-driven research in condensed and living matter science. Located in Grenoble, France, the ESRF owes its success to the international cooperation of 21 partner nations, of which 13 are Members and 8 are Scientific Associates. It took its first electron beam and users in 1992 and has been in full operation for scientific users from Europe and all over the world since 1994.


To investigate regional airways obstruction in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) with quantitative analysis of dynamic hyperpolarized (HP) 3He MRI.


Through the conclusion of the highway bridge surface expansion joint and the common faults on bridge seat discussion is made on the countermeasures.


Bio-decontamination of water and surfaces contaminated by bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium) was investigated in two types of positive dc discharges in atmospheric pressure air, in needle-to-plane geometry: the streamer corona and its transition to a novel regime called transient spark with short high current pulses of limited energy. Both generate a cold non-equilibrium plasma. Electro-spraying of treated water through a needle electrode was applied for the first time and resulted in fast bio-decontamination. Experiments providing separation of various biocidal plasma agents, along with the emission spectra and coupled with oxidation stress measurements in the cell membranes helped to better understand the mechanisms of microbial inactivation. The indirect exposure of contaminated surfaces to neutral active species was almost as efficient as the direct exposure to the plasma, whereas applying only UV radiation from the plasma had no biocidal effects. Radicals and reactive oxygen species were identified as dominant biocidal agents.


An optical information recording and/or reproducing apparatus includes an optical system for letting first and second optical beams pass through substantially the same optical path to form first and second optical spots on the same information track on a surface of an information recording medium and for guiding reflected light from the surface of the information recording medium to photo sensors to detect recorded information in the information recording medium. The first optical spot is used for focusing error detection, tracking error detection, erasing of old information, and recording of new information. The second optical spot is used both for reproduction-while-recording of newly recorded information and for normal reproduction of recorded information. The first optical spot advances and the second optical spot follows on a moving information track.


The present invention relates to a support IEC61850 standard IED field object modeling method for non-real time SCADA system; modeling method of the present invention avoids the model when designing the IED itself, the communication device is set to a pre-IED , this front communication device and the monitoring and control system for remote communication apparatus, the measurement data collection; 61850 master system or other devices to interoperate by logical nodes other logic devices, and this pre-communication device in the system model. This method not only can solve this problem SCADA system due to the communication condition in achieving 61850 interface, and complete implementation of such elements with the SCADA system defined in IEC61850 the IED, the correspondence between the logical device, logical nodes, data objects , can be modeled using standard tools such 61850 SCADA system model 61850.


This paper describes the development of a general computer method for design of single-cell, precast reinforced concrete box culverts. The method uses the loading requirements of the American Association of State Highway Officials and the ultimate strength design approach of the American Concrete Institute. The user describes geometry and loading conditions, and the program analyzes many loading cases by the stiffness matrix method and determines the design forces by appropriate combinations of the results of those analyses. Based on the design forces, reinforcing steel is selected to provide adequate strength to resist the bending moments and axial forces. Shear stresses are checked to determine whether slab thicknesses are sufficient without shear reinforcement; no shear reinforcement is included in the design. A crack-control provision based on work by Gergely and Lutz is included. Culvert spans of 3 to 12 ft, rises of 2 to 12 ft, and burial depths of 2 to 100 ft are permitted. The top and bottom slabs of the culvert may have different thicknesses, and the side walls of the culvert may be a third as thick. Linear haunches may be specified and are taken into account in both the analysis and the design procedures. The computer program and its applications are discussed, and 2 sample problems are included.


The role of Tumor Mutation Burden (TMB) as a prognostic and/or predictive biomarker for Immune Checkpoint Blockade (ICB) therapy in a real-world clinical setting is still unclear.To assess whether TMB status provided by a clinically and commercially available tumor genomic profiling (TGP) assay is associated with overall survival of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with ICB from a single institute.Outcomes and genetic testing data were collected for 188 NSCLC patients treated within the Cleveland Clinic system between August 2012 and July 2017.Overall survival (OS) from time receiving ICB therapy.Among 188 patients with NSCLC (median age, 62 years; 49.5% female), 86 (45.7%) received ICB therapy. Patients were grouped into three categories based on the status of TMB (in mutations/Mb): high (>= 20/Mb), intermediate (>=5 to <= 20/Mb), and low (<5/Mb). In patients treated with ICB, TMB high status was not significantly associated with improved OS from therapy initiation (HR: 0.90 [95% CI, 0.52-2.49, P>0.8], median OS difference: 9.7 months).Among patients with NSCLC from a single institute in a longitudinal database of clinical data including TGP results, exploratory analyses do not show statistical significance for the prognostic utility of TMB. These findings indicate that there is a need for more prospective data on the use of TMB status as a guide for ICB therapy in a routine care setting.


This paper presents a mechanism for fault-tolerance in task-parallel programs. We augment a task-parallel runtime system with support for transparent checkpoints of task data that may be written during task execution and seamlessly rerun failed tasks. The system can recover from transient errors during task execution within a single core by rerunning the failed task, as well as from permanent errors that disable a worker core by redistributing work among remaining cores. We have evaluated our implementation using six benchmarks and found that checkpointing incurs a performance overhead of 7.93% on average mainly due to the cost of memory copies, and only a negligible space overhead due to the recycling of checkpoint memory. We have tested the system for varying probabilities of transient or permanent errors, and found that the overall performance is consistently better than expected. We believe this to be due to cache warm-up effects that cause immediate re-execution of faulty tasks to be almost always faster than their first execution.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to survey the prevalence of exposure to workplace violence (WPV) including physical violence, verbal abuse, bullying as well as its related factors among physicians and medical students attending teaching hospitals of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences (KUMS).

Design/methodology/approach
This is a descriptive analytic as well as a cross-sectional study which was carried out on all physicians (general and specialists) and medical students attending teaching hospitals of KUMS in 2014. Overall, 400 participated in this study and data were gathered using a standard questionnaire. Then, data were analyzed using SPSS 20, χ2 and Fisher's exact tests as well as univariate and adjusted logistic regression.

Findings
The prevalence of physical violence, verbal abuse and bullying among medical students was reported 4.5, 59 and 0.8 percent, respectively. In addition, the prevalence of these violence among general practitioners was 6.9, 72.4 and 0 percent, respectively. Moreover, 11.5, 42.3 and 3.8 percent of specialists had experienced physical violence, verbal abuse and bullying, respectively. Patients and their relatives were the main sources of the violence. Based on the results of multivariate logistic regression, male sex (AOR=2.60, CI: 1.56–4.32) and having shift work (AOR=3.13, CI: 1.67–5.84) were the most significant risk factors for total WPV.

Originality/value
The WPV experienced by physicians and medical students attending teaching hospitals of MUK is high. Health sector authorities should develop and implement proper strategies and interventions aiming at reducing or preventing from incidence of WPV.


There are striking parallels between ideas developed in the study of cognitive systems by anthropologists and the modeling of expertise in artificial intelligence research. These parallels suggest that expert system architectures can provide effective means to formulate rigorous models for theories about native expertise and so-called "cultural competence." We illustrate how such modeling may be done with theprogram, BA TES (Bisayan Address Term Expert System), which recasts the analysis ofBisayan address terms by Geoghegan into an expert system. The expert system was used both to examine the logic ofGeoghegan 's argument and to formulate an alternative model for linking an address term with addressee. Expert systems, we suggest, mayprovide a methodfor examining rigorously what otherwise are more loosely stated, verbal arguments. [folk knowledge, expert systems, cognition, computers, culture]


Acknowledgements Note on texts Introduction: Thinking about the body 1. "That Body of Hers": The secret, the specular, the spectacular in the Duchess of Malfi and Anatomical Discourses 2. "Behind the Back of Life": Uncanny bodies and identities in the Changeling 3. "A Meer Choas": Moles, abject bodies, and the economy of reproductive discourses 4. "Strange Flesh" and "Unshap't" Bodies: Monstrosity, hyperbolic masculinity and "racial" difference 5. "Un-pleasurable" Detours: Figurations of desire and the body erotic Bibliography Index


Accounts by socio-occupational category are a very good example of the relationship between macro-economic data based on the national accounting system and micro-economic data obtained from household surveys. Every five years since 1956 French statisticians have tried to break down the household income account into eight subgroups according to the socio-occupational category to which the head of household belongs. They use more than 150 distribution keys coming from various household surveys (health, housing, consumption) and from a specific "taxable income survey" con ducted especially with the income tax authorities for this purpose and thought to provide better infor mation than an ordinary household survey. The expectations of users and technological advances in data analysis and collection have stimulat ed new developments: (i) an updating method has been implemented to produce more recent ac counts; (ii) income accounts are also calculated according to family size and income level; (iii) alterna tive definitions of disposable income can be evaluated, such as discretionary income and pre-allocated income, broadening the concept of disposable income by including the counterparts of the individualized final consumption expenditure of Government bodies. In most countries, the income of household categories is evaluated on the basis of average and distribution, through both surveys among households and tax statistics. But it appears that only France breaks down the income evaluated in the national accounts by household category in order to obtain an additional measure of their income which is consistent with macro-economic data. And France has done so for over 20 years. For this breakdown, a unique instrument has been deve loped: the tax survey, a third statistical source which, by comparison with the other two, is much more complete and detailed.


Background. Accurate data are essential for monitoring progress and course correction. Good quality facility-based routine data can be used at the facility, district, national, and global levels to improve quality of care and care policies. However, poor routine data quality has been an ongoing challenge. This thesis aimed to evaluate the quality of routine data for monitoring maternal and newborn care in primary health facilities in Gombe State, Nigeria. Methods. To examine the quality of routine monitoring data, in Study 1 we assessed facility-reported data in the District Health Information Software, version 2 (DHIS 2) according to three routine data quality dimensions: completeness and timeliness, internal consistency, and external consistency. Using direct observations as a gold standard, in Study 2 we assessed the validity of data in facility registers as well as women's recall of childbirth events. For 21 months (April 2017-December 2018), we implemented a data quality intervention, working with all 11 local government area (district-equivalent) monitoring and evaluation officers and maternal and child health program coordinators of Gombe State which oversee 492 primary health facilities. The intervention included regular self-assessment of data quality, learning workshops, and planning for improvement. In Study 3, we quantified the changes in data quality using before-and-after analyses, comparing the intervention period to the 21-month pre-intervention period (July 2015-March 2017). Results. Twelve of 14 priority facility-based indicators were available in Gombe's health information system to monitor maternal and newborn care. However, the facility data were incomplete and showed inconsistencies over time, between related indicators, between internal and external data sources. Contact indicators had higher data quality than indicators reflecting the content of care. Though there were challenges with the quality of facility-reported data, the validity study demonstrated that health workers were able to record valid information for some aspects of maternal and newborn care. When compared to childbirth observations, health workers documented accurately in maternity registers for the following indicators: the cadre of main birth attendant; maternal background characteristics, and newborn outcomes. Lastly, the data quality intervention was associated with improved completeness, timeliness, consistency between related data, and accuracy of facility reporting. Conclusion. Facility-based routine data in Gombe State can monitor priority service provision indicators for mothers and newborns. To realize the potential of these data, opportunities to improve data quality include: expanding data quality assessments beyond completeness and accuracy; maximizing the reporting and specificity of existing data; refining supervision feedback on the data quality metrics; and optimizing the digitization of facility data in information systems such as DHIS 2. Further research opportunities include: deepening our understanding of how health workers directly engage with facility documentation to perform clinical care tasks; and developing a composite score to summarize the multi-dimensionality of routine data as a measure for continuous data quality monitoring and as an outcome for data quality interventions.


We introduce a notion of observation of a computational process on the basis of the observation of (the meaningful information couched by) the syntactic objects involved in the computation. This is formalized by means of observation mappings. We use them to give a semantic description of computational processes, an observable semantics , which is given on a purely syntactic basis; the observation mapping provides for a suitable abstraction level which permits the deenition of diierent kinds of semantic values (which are still syntactic objects) with precise computational interpretations. We show how to use these formal constructions to provide a semantic basis for dynamic analysis.


according to whether uj(z) is even or odd, where Kν is the K-Bessel function. The Weyl law (proved by A. Selberg [14], see also [4]) (3) ]{j : tj ≤ T} ∼ T 2/12 shows that there are infinitely many linearly independent cusp forms but none of them have ever been constructed. The Fourier coefficients %j(n) are the subject of various studies. There are still basic questions to be answered, such as what is the order of magnitude of %j(n)? From the asymptotic formula (due to Rankin [12] and Selberg [13]) (4) ∑ n≤N (coshπtj)−1|%j(n)|2 ∼ 12π−2N


This study aims at planning of fishing port on the coast with big range of tide and coastaltidal flats, which obstruct fishing boat navigation on low water. As a result, we have proposed anartificial island fishing port with a connecting bridge, which would realize the navigation free on low waterand conserve the shape of coastal tidal flats.


Basketball has the distinction of being the only major competitive sport that began in the United States (Branch, 1970). Dr. James A. Naismith invented the game of basketball in 1891. While a physical education instructor at the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) Training School (now Springfield College) in  Massachusetts, and at the suggestion of Luther Gulick, the Director of the  Gymnasium, Naismith, using two peach baskets and a soccer ball, developed a  team sport that could be played indoors during the winter months  (Mechikoff&Estes, 1993)


Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neuro‐radiological syndrome characterized by seizures, altered level of consciousness and visual disturbance. PRES is associated with hyperintense lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) most commonly seen in the posterior regions. In most cases symptoms and radiological lesions are reversible. The aims of this article are: (i) to review the literature for all cases involving oxaliplatin, fluoropyrimidine and bevacizumab and (ii) highlight the increasing number of cases attributed to anti‐neoplastic agents. An in‐depth literature review was conducted by utilizing Pubmed's MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases. We found that there have been nine cases of PRES associated with oxaliplatin or fluoropyrimidine therapy; five cases also involved therapy with bevacizumab. Eight of the nine patients made a full recovery with a complete resolution of MRI changes. This is the first Australian case of PRES following treatment with oxaliplatin and a fluoropyrimidine and only the second case reported in which the patient did not recover despite appropriate medical management. It appears that PRES maybe more commonly associated with multi‐agent therapies and although reversible in most cases, PRES may result in adverse outcomes despite rapid intervention.


This paper presents an effective method that utilizes active control of coupling stiffness (ACCS) to shorten the bias warm-up time of MEMS gyroscopes which is a critical factor for short time-of-flight tactical applications and is rarely reported in previous literatures. Innovative claims include: (1) identifying the stiffness coupling variation contributes the most to the warm-up time; (2) simply adding a group of finger combs to restrain the thermal bias drift caused by coupling stiffness. The result shows the bias warm-up time decreases from 2000s to 2s under the condition that the bias stability (1σ) falls into 10 deg/h, resulting in three order of magnitude reduction.


Reactive oxygen species(ROS) are inevitable by-products of biological redox reactions,they are highly reactive and toxic,and are capable of injuring cells.However,ROS also control many different processes in plants,such as growth,development,pathogen defense,programmed cell death,hormone signaling,biotic and abiotic stress responses and cell cycle as signaling molecules.How this conflict is resolved in plants is largely unknown.Nonetheless,it is clear that the steady-state level of ROS in cells needs to be tightly regulated.In Arabidopsis,a network of at least 152 genes is involved in managing the level of ROS.This network is highly dynamic and redundant,and encodes ROS-scavenging and ROS-producing proteins.This review discusses the cellular localization and coordination of key genes in the network,the regulation of ROS signaling by the reactive oxygen gene network in plant cell,especially in chloroplasts which are more prone to oxidative damage than any other organelle.


When post-editing the MT output of terminology-intensive documents, three problem sources were identified:

i) Their terminology content

ii) The structure of multi-word terms inside and across languages or terminology domains

iii) The one-to-many translations of some terms

To resolve the term boundary problem, we first tried an on-processing recognition based on syntactic analysis and the [+TERM] value of the lexical head. Although effective, the full scale application of this solution adds a considerable load to a heavy grammar, while the problem of identifying the boundary of not yet fixed terms remains unsolved. Alternatively, when a number of options are available in respect to recognizing parts of a linguistic string in the context of a term head as different terms, the system asks the user to mark his/her preference. The marked string is checked against the term DB and processing continues unambiguously. If no correspondence in the term DB is found the selected sting receives an index which identifies it as a term, a property curried to the translation object.

To address the problem of one-to-many term translations/correspondences, we incorporated the option of user interaction in pre-processing for the case of single-word terms, so that selected correspondences be marked and saved for use before the actual linguistic analysis.


AbstractIn recent years, computer vision algorithms have shown to effectively leverage visual data from jobsites for video-based activity analysis of construction equipment. However, earthmoving op...


Objective To explore the changes of serum soluble ICAM-1(sICAM-1) and soluble Fas(sFas) and the possible relationships between it and different degrees hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE). The study was carried out in 48 newborns with HIE ( 31male, 17female), which day age after birth ranged from 2 hours to 3 days. They were divided into mild and severe HIE groups according to the diagnosis and clinical degrees of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, 16 normal newborns as control. Serum sICAM-1 and sFas levels were detected by enzyme-Linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Comparison was made between those two groups and control group. The means of serum sICAM-1 and sFas concentration in different degrees HIE were significant difference(P0.01) , the levels of sICAM-1 and sFas in patients with HIE were increased than those of control group. [Conclusion] This result suggests the sFas and sICAM-1 may be factors in the development of HIE , thus ,measuring the serum sICAM-1 and sFas has some value to newborns with HIE.


Classify digital map symbol according to object-oriented classing method,based on object-oriented programming principle, detailedly explain the method of drawing digital map symbol in computer, and improve the old way about deal with line-figure map symbol, put forward new means which making programming convenient and improving executing efficiency.


It is often assumed in practice that electricity cannot be stored, even though in reality the storage of electricity is technically feasible. The issue is not whether electricity can be stored, but whether it can be stored efficiently and economically. In this paper, we present some of the current storage technologies and discuss their applications within power markets. We focus on the use of storage for intraday arbitrage and develop several models for optimizing the operation of a storage facility over a 24 hour period. The optimization problem has been framed as a linear program, a multi-stage stochastic program and a dynamic program. Two specific storage technologies, namely compressed air energy storage (CAES) and the sodium sulfur (NaS) battery, are modeled and analyzed within the separate optimization frameworks. We conclude with a sensitivity analysis of the model parameters and present an overall cost-benefit analysis of using electricity storage for arbitrage. The storage of electricity, although technically feasible, has seen little widespread implementation on the electricity grid. In this paper, we present some of the potential storage technologies, and the applications and value of storage in power markets. We address the financial feasibility of storage by developing a operations model for a generic storage facility and examine the valuation of electricity storage facilities purely from an intraday arbitrage approach. The optimization problem has been framed 1 Integrated Assessment of Energy Technologies Sweeney, et al. GCEP Technical Report 2006 99 as a linear program, a multi-stage stochastic program and a dynamic program. Two specific storage technologies are modeled, and analyzed within the separate optimization frameworks. We conclude with a sensitivity analysis of the model parameters, in addition to a cost-benefit analysis using capital costs and discuss the overall feasibility of using energy storage for arbitrage. 2 Integrated Assessment of Energy Technologies Sweeney, et al. GCEP Technical Report 2006 100


The existence of positive solution is obtained for the following nonlinearthree-point boundary value problem\begin{equation*}\left\{\begin{array}{l}u^{\prime \prime }(t)+a(t)f(u(t))=0,\quad t\in (0,1) \\[12pt]\beta u(0)-\gamma u^{\prime }(0)=0,\quad u(1)=\alpha u(\eta ),%\end{array}%\right.\end{equation*}%where $$\beta ,\gamma \geq 0,0 0.$$


We establish new constraints on the intermediate-mass range of the initial–final mass relation, and apply the results to study the evolution of stars on the thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch (TP-AGB). These constraints derive from newly discovered (bright) white dwarfs in the nearby Hyades and Praesepe star clusters, including a total of 18 high signal-to-noise ratio measurements with progenitor masses of Minitial = 2.8–3.8 M☉. We also include a new analysis of existing white dwarfs in the older NGC 6819 and NGC 7789 star clusters, Minitial = 1.6 and 2.0 M☉. Over this range of initial masses, stellar evolutionary models for metallicity Zinitial = 0.02 predict the maximum growth of the core of TP-AGB stars. By comparing the newly measured remnant masses to the robust prediction of the core mass at the first thermal pulse on the AGB (i.e., from stellar interior models), we establish several findings. First, we show that the stellar core mass on the AGB grows rapidly from 10% to 30% for stars with Minitial = 1.6 to 2.0 M☉. At larger masses, the core-mass growth decreases steadily to ∼10% at Minitial = 3.4 M☉, after which there is a small hint of a upturn out to Minitial = 3.8 M☉. These observations are in excellent agreement with predictions from the latest TP-AGB evolutionary models in Marigo et al. We also compare to models with varying efficiencies of the third dredge-up and mass loss, and demonstrate that the process governing the growth of the core is largely the stellar wind, while the third dredge-up plays a secondary, but non-negligible role. Based on the new white dwarf measurements, we perform an exploratory calibration of the most popular mass-loss prescriptions in the literature, as well as of the third dredge-up efficiency as a function of the stellar mass. Finally, we estimate the lifetime and the integrated luminosity of stars on the TP-AGB to peak at t ∼ 3 Myr and E = 1.2 × 1010 L☉ yr for Minitial ∼ 2 M☉ (t ∼ 2 Myr for luminosities brighter than the red giant branch tip at log (L/L☉) > 3.4), decreasing to t = 0.4 Myr and E = 6.1 × 109 L☉ yr for stars with Minitial ∼ 3.5 M☉. The implications of these results are discussed, especially with respect to general studies aimed at characterizing the integrated light output of TP-AGB stars in population synthesis models.


This paper defines, develops and examines a set of generic analysis tools that can be applied to Models and Simulations at the Systems Engineering level of fidelity. The tools examine the performance and effectiveness of Sensors; Weapons; and Battle Management, Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence (BMC4I) systems and equipment.

The Measures of Performance (MOPs), Measures of Effectiveness (MOEs) and Measures of Force Effectiveness (MOFEs) were extracted from the Modular Command and Control Structure Paradigm which was developed at the Naval Postgraduate School. The paradigm provides for the development of evaluation criteria (MOPs, MOEs, and MOFEs) in a framework that ensures the traceability of system performance and effectiveness to the system operational requirements as specified in the Operational Requirements Document (ORD).

Also, the analysis tools provide insight and valid estimates of numerical measures of the defined system functionality threads, which represent the system's operational requirements as specified in the ORD. The tools are directly transferrable and applicable to test and evaluation exercise events which are conducted in support of the development and acquisition of systems and equipment.

Once the levels of system performance have been defined, the Paradigm generates a quantitative database that becomes a useful tool in system tradeoffs and selection. Once the alternative system suites have been defined, the suites can be analyzed in terms of system functionality threads and their corresponding performance capabilities versus cost.


From the background of healing furniture, the concept of healing furniture, its current status and its own characteristics, the design ideas and methods of designing healing furniture for children with depression are analysed. From the concept of big data, the impact of big data on three different aspects of healing furniture design is investigated. Based on the behavioural and sensory aspects of depressed children, the healing design needs of depressed children for furniture design are presented, and a concrete case study is used to demonstrate the design of furniture for depressed children based on the concept of healing design. The design approach of behavioural intervention, sensory soothing and emotional empathy is proposed to meet the psychological healing needs of depressed children. The introduction of healing interactive design into the design of furniture for depressed children not only allows for timely analysis of the psychological changes in depressed children, but also promotes the ability of depressed children to perceive externally and makes healing furniture more innovative.


An open problem in polarization theory is whether all memoryless channels and sources with composite (that is, non-prime) alphabet sizes can be polarized with deterministic, Arıkan-like methods. This paper answers the question in the affirmative by giving a method to polarize all discrete memoryless channels and sources. The method yields codes that retain the low encoding and decoding complexity of binary polar codes.


This work had the intention of evaluate the pozzolanic activity of the residue generated by the slate cutting in order to determine the efficiency of its use as a mineral addition in cementitious materials. To perform this evaluation the residue was inicially subjected to the chemical and mineral characterization. The chemical analysis was done by a semi-quantitative technique of X-ray fluorescence and through the quantitative technique of X-ray diffraction the minaralogical characterization of the slate waste was obtained. In order to evaluate the pozzolanic activity of the slate residue was used the electrical conductivity method proposed by Luxan and the test of Pozzolanic Activity Index described by NBR 5752, 1992. The mineralogical and chemical analysis of the slate cutting residue reveled that the material has a large part consisted of silica in the form of quartz, indicating that the waste can present pozzolanic activity when added to the cement. The results in the Luxan test showed that the slate cutting residue has a moderate pozzolanic activity, but the mortar produced with the material didn't reach the pozzolanic activity index of 75%, which is the minimum physical requirement imposed by NBR 12653, 1992. However, the determined value of 70% is close to the required by the standards and further research is relevant in order to better understand the behavior of waste in cement materials and the feasibility of its use as an alternative mineral addition in the production of Portland cement mortars and concrete.


The effect of interdiffusion on the luminescence of IuGaAs quantum dots grown by metal organic vapour phase epitaxy was studied. The samples were subjected to rapid thermal annealing with various capping layers. Up to 250meV blueshifts and narrowing of the linewidths by up to 60meV were observed in samples that were annealed without the dielectric cap. The capping layers created additional blueshift above that of simple thermal annealing. Ion implantation was used to create a higher density of defects in the region surrounding the dots. This led to enhanced blueshifts in the quantum dot luminescence. It was found that only low temperature anneals were required to recover the luminescence after annealing, in contrast to quantum wells which need anncaling at higher temperatures for the luminescence to be recovered. These results suggest that a range of bandgap energies could be achieved by selective area interdifhsion of the quantwn dot samples.


This paper focuses on the establishment of a simple damage surface that allows the use of a vector representation of damage to be applied in a two or three dimensional framework. Specifically for contrast to some types of tensor representations [1], the surface is developed in such a manner to allow maximum damage to occur in planes adjacent to the plane of maximum tensile strain. The limitations of this surface then are pointed out. Comparison of this postulate with recent data from Jan van Mier [2] is also presented.


ABSTRACT The effect of thiosulphate/H2S on crevice corrosion behaviour of P110 carbon steel in the CO2-saturated 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was investigated. The results showed that crevice corrosion of P110 steel could not occur in the CO2-saturated solution, likely due to the inhibition of both anodic and cathodic reactions inside crevice. Further, the structure of corrosion product film along the crevice wall is influenced by the concentration of thiosulphate. Increasing the concentration of thiosulphate to 10−2 mol L−1 promotes the formation of fine flake-like mackinawite outside crevice. In addition, crevice corrosion of P110 steel in the CO2-saturated solution is promoted by increasing the concentration of thiosulphate. This is because the dense and fine mackinawite film on the steel surface has a better protectiveness and could enhance cathodic reaction rate outside crevice.


BACKGROUND
Previous longitudinal studies investigating the role of microorganisms in periodontitis have focused on subjects with a high prevalence and severity of disease. The complex profile of microbial species in severe cases of periodontitis might not allow us to differentiate which bacterial species initiate disease or which species simply proliferate after disease progression. This prospective longitudinal study followed a group of 205 subjects who showed a low prevalence and severity of adult periodontitis, and thus allowed us to monitor early microbiological changes in the development of periodontitis.

METHODS
Subgingival plaque was collected from proximal surfaces of a posterior sextant at 6-month intervals for 2 years. During the monitoring period, 44 subjects had either attachment loss or attachment gain. Using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), all plaque samples from those 44 subjects were analyzed for the presence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides forsythus, and Porphyromonas gingivalis.

RESULTS
Both subjects with attachment loss and those with attachment gain had a high prevalence of these 3 periodontal pathogens. The mere presence of any of the 3 species at a site could not predict future attachment loss at that specific site. However, subjects with a persistent presence of B. forsythus at any site across all visits had 5.3 times higher odds of having at least one site in their mouth losing attachment compared to subjects with occasional or no presence of B. forsythus.

CONCLUSIONS
The persistence of B. forsythus identified subjects at higher risk, but not which specific sites in those subjects would lose attachment.


There are significant differences between Wuzong goose and Magang goose. The comparison of carcass performance of the two breeds has the extensive applicability and practical significance. In this study, slaughter determinations were carried out in 90 d old Wuzong geese and Magang geese. The carcass performance was compared, and the correlations among the carcass traits within breed were analyzed. The result indicated that except for sebum weight, the live weight, carcass weight, half eviscerated weight, eviscerated weight, leg muscle weight, breast muscle weight, wing weight and abdominal fat weight were significant higher in Magang goose than those in Wuzong goose. These differences also existed in gender within each breed. In sum, the carcass performance were better in Magang goose than in Wuzong goose, better in male goose than in female goose. The phenotypic correlation of any two carcass traits was high.


Mechanical joining techniques are used in construction industry all over the world on a daily basis. A further method of joining has proven to be highly successful – adhesive bonding. Known for thousands of years, adhesive bonding has become as important as other joining techniques as a result of the pace of developments in recent years. In many areas, this bonding technology has become a key technology. Virtually, all solid materials can be connected with one another using adhesives. Although bonding fibre reinforced polymeric composites to the concrete substrate is a relatively simple technique, the proper installation of the fibre reinforced polymeric composites is essential to ensure the adequate performance of the hybrid system. Since the installation procedures differ from one system to another, appropriate specifications will be clearly presented. The paper will include requirements to provide a quality joint assembly, meaning the special pre-treatments of the concrete surface. The material to be bonded is cleaned and prepared so that adhesives can adhere better to them.


Before the pandemic, Quebec's education system was already in a fragile state. Now, it is in a more precarious situation. In this context, teachers, parents, and students are facing many challenges and are increasingly overloaded, stressed, and anxious. Maintaining good communication and collaboration between students, their parents, and teachers is essential. Therefore, we have developed DOÜ, a product system that acts as an intermediary between the teacher and the parent, through the child. DOÜ allows parents to strengthen their trust in teachers, children to better communicate their emotions and teachers to feel valued in their profession.


Pretest–posttest studies are an important and popular method for assessing treatment effects or the effectiveness of an intervention in many areas of scientific research. There are two distinct features for this type of study: availability of baseline information for all subjects in the study and missingness by design of measures of the responses. Important recent research advances on this topic include Leon et al. (2003) on efficient estimation of the treatment effect, and Huang et al. (2008) on a semi‐parametric estimation procedure based on empirical likelihood (EL) where the mean responses for the treatment group and the control group are handled separately. EL ratio confidence intervals or tests for the treatment effect, however, cannot be constructed under the approach used by Huang et al. (2008). In this paper, we use an alternative EL formulation, which directly involves the parameter of interest, i.e., the treatment effect, and incorporates baseline information through an imputation approach. Our focus is to derive the EL ratio confidence intervals and tests for the treatment effect under the proposed imputation‐based framework. Theoretical results are developed, and finite sample performances of the proposed methods with comparison to existing approaches are investigated through simulation studies. An application to a real data set is also presented. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 43: 378–402; 2015 © 2015 Statistical Society of Canada


Although anatomy is primarily concerned with the structure, and physiology with the functioning of the human body, knowledge of both is essential to the surgeon and the physician. This certainly applies to the living 'human curiosities' in the present paper: they and post-mortem specimens have been selected to illustrate myology and osteology, two branches of anatomical science with which the Royal Society was long preoccupied. The second charter of the Royal Society made special provision for it 'to demand and receive the bodies of executed criminals, and to anatomize them, as the College of Physicians and the Company of Surgeons of London use or enjoy', but there is little direct evidence that this prerogative was exercised. The College of Physicians encountered practical difficulties in obtaining the bodies of the four executed criminals to which they were entitled, as seen by its president Sir Hans Sloane's petitions to Parliament in 1721 and 1723 (when they became law). Entries in Sloane's 'Humana' Catalogue suggest that he made other arrangements for his own collections: 14. The sceleton of a man made by Mr. Verier of the body of a Highwayman executed at Tiburn and bought by me 3.4.6. ... 534. The kidneys of a malefactor hang'd at Tyburn wherein appear two ureters & 2 basons in each kidney, which ureters join before their insertion into the bladder. Given me by Dr. Rutty.


A coherent optical ring distribution system using a common local oscillator is investigated. The results show that equal IF signal for all the nodes can be easily achieved and there exists an optimum branch coupling ratio to achieve a maximum IF signal. In addition, equal IF signal to noise ratio is achievable when the signal and LO have limited output powers. >


This paper addresses the problem of real-time speaker change detection in TV news broadcast, in which no prior knowledge on speakers is assumed. To remove the unreliable frames and background frames in the speech stream, we propose a new approach for feature categorization based on Gaussian Mixture Model - Universal Background Model (GMM-UBM). The feature vectors are categorized into three sets, which include reliable speech, doubtful speech and unreliable speech. Then a novel distance measure is presented correspondingly for real-time speaker change detection. Extensive experiments demonstrate its good performance, and intrinsic difficulties on real-time speaker change detection are discussed as well in this paper.


Rubber seed oil can be used as an alternative fuel for diesel engine operation. But its high viscosity causes improper atomization of fuel during injection, resu lting in incomplete combustion. This leads to smoky exhaust in diesel engines. The high viscosity of vegetable oil s can be reduced by preheating. The heat energy fro m the exhaust, which is otherwise wasted, can be used to preheat t vegetable oil. In the present work a heat exchan ger was designed and fabricated to preheat the rubber seed oil (RSO) for use in diesel engines. It was observed that th e RSO requires a temperature of 155°C and 133°C to bring down its vi cosity to that of diesel and rubber seed oil methy l ester (RSOME). The work is related to the study of exhaus t preheated RSO and its ester on the performance an d emission characteristics of a single cylinder DI diesel engi ne. Experimental results indicated that there is a marginal increase in brake thermal efficiency when the fuel is preheated to a temperature of 155°C. Smoke level of preheate d RSO is significantly reduced, compared with RSO (without p reheating). Preheated fuel improves the fuel spray p ttern that leads to better mixing; hence the ignition delay an d combustion duration decreases with preheated oil, which indicates an increase in combustion rate. The overall result hows that by preheating the RSO, the engine perfor mance and exhaust emission characteristics improves significa ntly and approaches the performance of RSOME in a d iesel engine.


Object detection is a technique to tag objects present in the frame of an image, video sequence, and real-time video. In recent years, the world has been reshaped around deep learning algorithms. This paper makes the user aware of the obstacles present in his environment. There are two fundamental parts in this paper: the software part and the hardware part. The state-of-the-art You Look Only Once (YOLO) algorithm was applied in the present work for object identification. The overall analysis shows that this algorithm produces accurate results for real-time object detection and can be considered faster object identification.


Ten queries of different subjects were run over yahoo, Google, Msn and Hakia search engines. Second set of experiment comprise four phrases of the same meaning but different syntax were attached to each query and the combinations were run over Hakia search engine. Four thousand retrieved documents were classified as relevant, duplicate different source, non – relevant, duplicate same source and inaccessible An Approach For Evaluation Of Semantic Performance Of Search Engines ... 125 documents. Calculation of relative precision of the two sets of data, show maximum relative precision for Hakia search engine followed by exchange places search engines of Yahoo and Google, where the lowest relevant precision is shown by Msn. For the second set of data, phrase "information about" with query shown maximum relevant precision followed by phrase "what is" where as phrase "description of" and "definition" show lowest relevant precision. Comparison of web document retrieval performance were accounted for in the discussion.


Neuromorphic circuits are potential candidates for solving costly computations in an efficient manner. Such circuits, mimicking partial functionalities of the brain, need a large number of components. Simulation models are appropriate for first investigations, but they are very time-consuming regarding complex systems. Hardware realizations of specific components, like memristive devices, in such circuits are not possible for a desired functionality. We propose a methodology based on emulation techniques to overcome such problems. Therefore, the wave digital method has been utilized to get a digital replica of a memristive circuit mimicking long-term changes in the strength of synaptic coupling. In this work, both long-term potentiation as well as long-term depression are successfully emulated. This approach can also be used for a partial emulation of the subsystems, e.g. only memristive devices, of a more complex overall system.


The City of Fayetteville, about 30 miles south of Atlanta, Georgia, in Fayette County, has developed groundwater from fractured bedrock aquifers between 1988 and 1992. In the summer of 1991, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) awarded a Wellhead Protection Program (WHPP) Demonstration Grant to the City of Fayetteville to delineate a wellhead protection area (WHP A) for a bedrock wellfield and to develop a technical approach to defining a WHP A in fractured crystalline rock. The WHPP, mandated by 1986 amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act, is designed to protect public groundwater supplies from contamination. The U.S. EPA (1987) identifies four criteria for WHPA delineations: distance, time of travel, drawdown and physical features (flow boundaries). Six methods of WHPA delineation are outlined by the U.S. EPA (1987): arbitrary fixed radii, calculated fixed radii, simplified variable shapes, analytical methods, hydrogeologic mapping, and numerical flow transport modeling. The current Georgia wellhead protection standards for wells in the Piedmont physiographic province are based on calculated fixed radii which vary with the pumping rate of the production well. It was the goal of this study to refine the fixed radii method by applying hydrogeologic mapping techniques. WHP A delineation in fractured crystalline bedrock aquifers presents a challenge because flow is partially or entirely control1ed by fractures and is highly directional. Thus, a circular WHP A may over or underprotect a well; moreover, appropriate WHP As may be irregular or highly elongated in shape. A technically-based WHP A delineation appropriate to the hydrogeologic environment significantly reduces the risk of losing a well to contamination. The Fayetteville groundwater exploration program offered a unique opportunity for a pilot study of WHP A delineation to be performed simultaneously with a groundwater exploration project. The WHP A delineation study could take advantage of an existing data base and conceptual model developed as part of a scientificallybased exploration study.


Background. Health resources are key determinants of healthcare coverage. Community members who utilise healthcare have significant insights into the availability of health resources in providing healthcare. Aim. This study sought to explore community (health committee) members' perspectives on health resource gaps in lower-level health facilities in the municipality. Methods. The qualitative descriptive study explored the perspectives of community members who served on the health committee. Thirty-four community health committee members at community-based health planning and services (CHPS) compounds, maternity-unit CHPS, and health centres were studied. Results. The study found three high-level categories of resource gaps deemed relevant to community members—infrastructural gaps, equipment gaps, and safety-quality gaps. Conclusion and Recommendation. There are perceived gaps in health resources from the community members' perspective. It is recommended that the Lawra Municipal Health Directorate and other health directorates with similar health resource challenges take steps to fill health resource gaps to ensure universal health coverage.


This chapter deals with how the Sand Motor came about. This intriguing question led researchers Ewert Aukes and Lotte Bontje on a quest that provided many insights into the dynamics of the decision-making process leading up to the pilot Sand Motor. The researchers approached the issue from different, but related starting points: the frames that guided stakeholders to interpret the actual case (Page 30), and the storylines which stakeholders used to understand the whole project (Page 34).


In the past few years, many public transportation systems have seen an increase in ridership, sometimes creating serious congestion especially during peak hours. A partial solution consists of redistributing passengers through key transfer stations to line segments experiencing lower passenger volumes. The concept of network centrality is introduced and illustrated here as a means to determine these key stations. Network centrality is represented by measures of degree, closeness and betweenness centrality. Specifically, betweenness calculates the probability a station is used as a transfer between any two points, and it is therefore particularly relevant in the transit context. To perform this exercise, transit networks are first translated into graphs and their adjacency matrices are created. These three centrality concepts can be applied to all transit modes, but as an example, 15 metros are analyzed here. In general, centrality tends to decrease linearly with network size, although fairly slowly. Several metros are also examined individually in more detail, and several stations are notably identified using this methodology. Overall, performing a network centrality analysis is fairly straight-forward, and results can be particularly resourceful.


Sate estimation is required to obtain sense the operating state accurately. Aiming at the problem of dynamic process of thermal system and measurement scale difference of thermal and power system, a method of state estimation of combined heat and power system (CHPS) is proposed. To solve the problem of the great difference in response time and rate of change between thermal system and power system, the difference equation is introduced to describe the transient process of thermal system. Considering that the two networks have different measurement frequencies, the more accurate measurement data of power system at the CHPS coupling is used to obtain the accurate data in the interval of heating network measurement. The data of the boundary of the thermal system is calculated through the coupling constraint equation in the CHPS, which is used as pseudo-measurement to obtain better state estimation effect. The data obtained by the above methods are fused with the measurement data of the thermal system to improve the data accuracy. It is beneficial to improve the effect of real-time scheduling when introducing the calculation of pipeline storage capacity into consideration, so the pseudo-measurement and dynamic models are used to calculate pipeline storage. Simulation results show that the state estimation accuracy of these methods are better than that of the steady-state model and the traditional pseudo-measurement generation method.


We evaluated the effects of heavy ions, protons, neutrons and gamma (Co60) on high speed commercial optical transceivers for potential use in space systems. Test results from heavy ion and proton testing of the Glenair 050-301, also known as "Size 8", 5 Gbps opto- electronic transmitter/receiver demonstrate no destructive effects and low SEU and SEFI cross-sections. In addition the 050-301 devices demonstrate no sensitivity to neutron irradiation after a fluence of 2.5E+12n/cm2 and only a small increase in supply current, but no change in functionality after (Co60) TID exposures up to 250 krad(Si). The Glenair 050-346, also known as "parallel optics", 40 Gbps (4 channels x10 Gbps each) transceiver was also tested with heavy ions and exhibited no destructive effects and very low SEFI and SEU sensitivity.


Let T be a completely regular Hausdorff space, Cb(T) the space of bounded continuous real-valued functions on T, M(T) the Banach space dual of Cb(T). Let SC denote the family of subsets of Cb(T) which are uniformly bounded and relatively compact for the topology 'p of pointwise convergence. The basic question considered here is: what is the largest subspace Z of M(T) such that every member of SC is relatively a(Cb, Z)-compact? Classical results of Grothendieck and Ptak show that Z = M(T) if T is pseudocompact. In general, M1 c Z c M3; assuming Martin's Axiom, a deep result of Talagrand improves the lower bound to MT. It is frequently, but not always, true that Z = Ms; counterexamples are given which use Banach spaces in their weak topologies to construct the underlying T's. A well-known theorem of Grothendieck [28] asserts that if T is a compact Hausdorff space, and H is a uniformly bounded, pointwise compact set of real-valued continuous functions on T, then H is compact in the weak topology of the Banach space C(T). Thus, in this case, the weak and pointwise topologies agree on H. This article is concerned with extensions of Grothendieck's Theorem to the setting: T is a completely regular Hausdorff space, and Cb(T) is the Banach space of bounded continuous real-valued functions on T, with the supremum norm. Ptak [51] and Tomasek [64] have shown that Grothendieck's Theorem as stated above holds if and only if T is pseudocompact. However, one can pursue the matter as follows: Main Problem. For a given completely regular T, what is the largest linear subspace Z of M(T), the Banach space dual of Cb(T), such that the pointwise topology and the weak topology a(Cb, Z) agree on uniformly bounded, pointwise compact sets of continuous functions? Now Z is easily seen to be a norm-closed band in the Banach lattice M(T). The thrust of this work is to position Z with respect to the subspaces of M(T) commonly encountered in topological measure theory: the spaces M, c MT c MS c Ma of tight, T-additive, separable, and a-additive Baire measures, respectively. It is an easy consequence of Grothendieck's Theorem that M, c Z for all T. But one can do better: a deep result of Talagrand [62], which assumes Martin's Axiom, leads to a proof that MT C Z. Received by the editors July 29, 1980. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 46A50, 28C15; Secondary 46E10, 54D60. 1 Partially supported by NSF Grant MCS-8002523. ? 1981 American Mathematical Society 0002-9947/81/0000-0360/$05.00