We have assessed the ability of laser-excited fluorescence to distinguish between similar inks, as might be found in document alterations. We find that the combined use of a coating procedure that strongly increases fluorescence efficiency at room temperature and fluorescence examination at 77°K provide high discriminatory capability. The procedures are easy to use and satisfy practicality requirements essential for utilization in document sections of law enforcement agencies.


Extreme events, with natural or manmade causes, such as floods, pandemics and wars, have recently brought the need to provide shelter and field hospitals in a very fast and affordable way. Prefabrication can play an relevant role in this context, by offering several advantages compared to on-site construction. The precast structural wall system is a paradigmatic example of how precast structural members can contribute to speed up construction and reduce costs. A new research project was defined to develop with the aim of delivering a new product, a precast structural concrete wall system, where the design of the wall itself and connections are key, keeping in mind not only the above requirements, but also the new demands created by the recent challenges of the construction sector. To reach this goal, first is necessary to survey the existing commercial solutions and developed by researchers and analyse the main scientific and technical documents about precast structural wall systems. Herein, a comprehensive review is presented, aiming at identifying the most relevant aspects regarding precast structural concrete walls and connections. The main advances made in the past and that are being developed in the present are also highlighted. The growing concerns of the prefabrication sector about durability and sustainability were identified as mandatory for new generation of products. To produce prefabricated solutions with less environmental impact is required, beyond the optimization related with cement consumption, connections that are easier to use, to maintain and that allow disassembly, for future deconstruction and reuse. So, innovative improvements are proposed, namely, dry connections and concrete composite walls to be addressed in future work, with the goal of correcting some of the drawbacks found in existing solutions.


Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is an aggressive soft tissue tumor, accounting for 2%-5% of tumors in the uterus (1). It presents the features of smooth muscle differentiation and can arise from viscera like uterus, soft tissue, or the gastrointestinal tract. It can also arise in the bone, dermis, and vessels. LMS is regarded as one kind of more than 50 kinds of sarcomas. Frequency of cervical malignancies occurring due to sarcomas are fewer than 1% (1-4), which commonly occur in the perimenopausal (5) and postmenopausal women with quite a small number of reported cases of LMS amongst young women (3,4). LMS usually affects the uterine corpus, metastasizing to other peritoneal organs and even beyond. Interestingly, less than 25 cases of cervical LMS have been reported (5). Hence, it is a proliferating sarcoma with no encouraging outcome. Considering the abovementioned, this study aimed to seek the occurrence of this tumor, and the application of polypectomy as an alternative surgical cure for the cervical LMS.


The invention belongs to the technical fields of chemistry and chemical engineering, and in particular relates to a preparation method of trimethylphosphine. The technical scheme is as follows: the trimethylphosphine is synthesized mainly from bromomethane, magnesium powder and phosphorus trichloride. The preparation method is good in quality, low in cost and applicable to industrial mass production.


The daily urinary excretion of atabrine was studied in four subjects receiving 100 mgm. per day for 45 days. The amount excreted rose slowly throughout the experiment but in no case exceeded 11% of the daily dose Fifty-five days after the last dose appreciable amounts of atabrine were present in the urine. All subjects showed mild toxic symptoms.


With the deepening of electricity market reform and the proposal of deep level questions about the market power in electricity market,it's of important research value and practical significance to study the market power of generate electricity firm in generation side's electric power market and its influences on the bid strategy of the generate electricity firm.Moreover,it also helps to provide a scientific criterion for the government to make the electricity market regulatory policies.Based on the basic characteristics of the electricity market and the electricity market evaluation of qualitative indicators,difficult to quantify and higher precision,this paper evaluates and empirical analysis of the electricity market based on analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.Such research might be more important valuable.


Objectives: To design a three-dimensional (3D) interactive digital atlas of the human dural sinus and deep veins for assisting neurosurgeons in preoperative planning and neurosurgical training. Methods: Sagittal head magnetic resonance (MR) images were obtained of a 54-year-old female who suffered from left posterior fossa tumor. A comprehensive modeling protocol consisting of five steps including thresholding, crop mask, region growing, 3D calculating and 3D editing was used to develop a 3D digital atlas of the dural sinuses and deep veins based on the MR images. The accuracy of the atlas was also evaluated. Results: The 3D digital atlas of the human dural sinus and deep veins was successfully constructed using 176 sagittal head MR images. The contours of the acquired model matched very well with the corresponding structures of the original images in axial and oblique view of MR crosssections. The atlas can be arbitrarily rotated and viewed from any direction. It can also be zoomed in and out directly using the zoom function. Conclusion: A 3D digital atlas of human dural sinus and deep veins was successfully created, it can be used for repeated observations and research purposes without limitations of time and shortage of corpses. In addition, the atlas can potentially be used for preoperative planning and surgical training.


FIG. 1 CLASSIFICATION OF BACK PAIN disc protrusions, osteophytes and trauma. Few patients with back pain have disc prolapse, and the condition is often diagnosed erroneously. The diagnosis is not likely if there is: 1. No evidence of nerve compression. 2. More than one root involved. 3. Bilateral and symmetrical nerve involvement. 4. Diffuse pain and tenderness. 5. Unremitting pain, worse on resting at night.


What the Hands Reveal About the Brain provides dramatic evidence that language is not limited to hearing and speech, that there are primary linguistic systems passed down from one generation of deaf people to the next, which have been forged into antonomous languages and are not derived front spoken languages.


Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effects of omega-3 fatty acids during pregnancy on the incidence of wheeze and asthma of children. Methods: A search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and CENTRAL until September 2017. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of omega-3 fatty acids during pregnancy on wheeze/asthma of children were included. Two investigators independently searched articles, extracted data, and assessed the quality of included studies. Outcomes of relative risks were pooled. Subgroup analyses were conducted. Results: Seven RCTs involving 2047 children were included. The pooled data revealed the supplementation during pregnancy reduced the incidence of wheeze/asthma (risk ratio (RR) 0.81; 95% CI 0.66–0.99; p .04), but the incidence of childhood asthma was not significantly reduced (RR 0.89; 95% CI 0.67–1.17; p .40). Subgroup analyses indicated that the risk of childhood wheeze/asthma was significantly decreased (1) in studies located in Europe (RR 0.67 95% CI 0.51– 0.88), (2) in children whose first-degree relatives were diagnosed with allergic disease (RR 0.65 95% CI 0.49–0.85), (3) when a dose of omega −3 fatty acids ≥2000 mg/d was applied (RR 0.61 95% CI 0.45–0.81), (4) in wheeze/asthma without sensitivity (RR 0.71 95% CI 0.54–0.94). Conclusion: The available low-quality evidence indicated that omega-3 fatty acids supplementation during pregnancy may reduce the incidence of wheeze/asthma of children, but incidence of asthma was not reduced after omega-3 fatty acids supplementation during pregnancy. More well-designed RCTs with large sample sizes need to be conducted to better understand the effectiveness of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation during pregnancy with asthma in childhood.


As part of the current fast growing development of digital technologies, collaborations between professions such as neurosciences, robotics, big data processing and artificial intelligence offer ne ...


Class IA PI3K isoforms have divergent, nonredundant cell biological roles. In untransformed cells and tissues, p110 (cid:2) and p110 (cid:3) are ubiquitously expressed, whereas p110 (cid:1) expression is highly en-riched in leukocytes. High levels of p110 (cid:1) expression have been documented in some solid tumor cell lines, but the functional role is unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the link between elevated expression of p110 (cid:1) PI3K and cancer. We report that in breast and prostate cancer cells that contain leukocyte levels of p110 (cid:1) , p110 (cid:1) activity dampens the activity of the PTEN tumor suppressor. Indeed, inactivation of p110 (cid:1) in these cells led to PTEN activation, suppression of Akt phosphorylation, and inhibition of cell proliferation, with inhibition of PTEN activity being able to counter-balance p110 (cid:1) inactivation. Likewise, forced overexpression of p110 (cid:1) in cells with low p110 (cid:1) expression reduced PTEN activity, resulting in increased Akt phosphorylation. Our data indicate that the oncogenic potential of p110 (cid:1) PI3K overexpression


In massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, traditional pilot-aided channel estimation methods usually need interpolation to obtain the channel response other than pilot subcarriers. Therefore, the accuracy of interpolation is crucial for channel estimation. In this paper, we propose a deep learning-based channel interpolation method that utilizes the sparsity and correlation of the massive MIMO-OFDM channel in the angular-frequency domain. Specifically, we first consider the angular domain least squares (LS) channel estimation matrix at pilot subcarriers as a low-resolution 2D image. Then, a residual channel attention network (RCAN) for channel interpolation is proposed to reconstruct the whole channel state information (CSI). Moreover, to make the approach more practical in real-world scenarios, we further introduce the Noise2Noise method, which can be used to restore channel response without clean labels. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed channel interpolation method in terms of performance and practicability.


A method is described for the determination of 2-chloro-4-nitrobenzamide (aklomide), 3,5-dinitrobenzamide (DNBA) and 3,5-dinitro-o-toluamide (zoalene) in animal feeding stuffs. These additives are extracted from the feed with methanol and the extract is treated with methanol-hydrogen chloride solution to form the methyl esters of the corresponding substituted benzoic acids. These are determined by gas chromatography with an electron-capture detector. DNBA and zoalene have similar retention times in the prescribed procedure, so that some method by which they can be distinguished is desirable. A modification of the method for this purpose is proposed.


—The real estate project information management system based on Web technology and Python language realizes the innovation and optimization of traditional project management mode in real estate enterprises. With the advantage of network information technology, the real estate project information management system emphasizes the sharing and effectiveness of information to change the current information exchange mode of real estate enterprises. In view of the complexity and variability of current real estate enterprise projects, the system has a direct impact on the quality, production cost, management efficiency, economic benefits and other aspects of engineering projects with system functions such as project management, bidding management, cost management and implementation management, thus promoting the scientific management and fine control of the whole project. The construction of the real estate project information management system, as the only way for the informatization construction of the real estate industry, has also made an innovative attempt for the deepening reform of China's real estate industry and fields


Lamiaceae is one of the most diversified families in the Mediterranean basin. In particular, the Iberian Peninsula and Northern Africa concentrate about one third of the described taxa (Greuter & al. 1989, Navarro & al. 2002), many of which are endemics with very narrow distribution areas.


Study was conducted on water content of different soil depth in apple orchards of different cultivation years and different yields in the Loess Plateau which belongs to arid and semiarid areas in China.The results showed that,in apple orchards of different cultivation years,the water content in 0~1 m soil layer changed significantly,and it decreased rapidly with the increase of soil depth;the water content in 1~2 m soil layer decreased with the increase of soil depth and cultivation years;the water content in 2~8 m soil layer changed little in different soil depth,but decreased significantly with the increase of cultivation years;and the water content in 10~15 m soil layer decreased gradually with the increase of cultivation years.In the orchards of different yields,the water content in 0~2 m soil layer dreased with the increase of yields,and it increased first and decreased then with the increase of soil depth;the water content in 2~8 m depth stabilized without violent fluctuation,and it was an aquifer in 8~10 m depth,while the water content in 10~15 m depth was 15% without much fluctuation.


Companies in the frit, glaze, and ceramic colour producing subsector know a great deal about the different frit-manufacturing process stages such as raw materials milling and mixing, as well as fusing the raw materials mixture to obtain the frit. This knowledge can be used to break new ground in frit applications and to obtain products with high added value, such as bioactive glasses. Bioactive glasses are amorphous materials that are able to interact with bone cells, thanks to surface growth of a hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) layer when they enter into contact with a biological fluid. This bioactivity, together with their relatively low cost compared to that of the materials used at present, makes such materials particularly attractive for obtaining prosthesis and implant coatings. Among the numerous coating methods, atmospheric plasma spraying is one of the most widely used techniques for industrial-scale deposition of this type of coating owing to its versatility, simplicity, and relatively low cost. This study presents a methodology for obtaining bioactive glass coatings by thermal plasma spraying. The methodology includes: frit synthesis; design, preparation and characterisation of appropriate powders and bioactive glass suspensions for thermal plasma spraying; optimisation of the deposition conditions for the obtainment of coatings from powders as well as from suspensions; and characterisation of the end coatings. It was verified that, after deposition, the resulting coatings exhibited the typical microstructure of layers deposited by thermal plasma spraying. In this case, as feedstock of a glassy nature was involved, the microstructure consisted of a matrix of flattened drops of molten glass, together with rounded pores and cracks. The results obtained also indicated that the amorphous nature of the jetted frit was maintained in the end coating, as was intended. However, low adhesion to the substrate was also observed, it being necessary to use a bonding layer between the substrate and the bioactive glass layer. Consequently, further investigation is needed to improve the bond strength and other properties of these coatings, as well as to evaluate their bioactivity. 1. Description of the steps for obtaining a bioactive coating Bioactive glass coatings can be obtained, among other techniques, by thermal plasma spraying, which consists of fusing the feedstock (which may be made up of dry powders or suspensions) and accelerating the material towards a substrate. On hitting the substrate, the material cools and shrinks, forming a coating of solidified drops (Figure 1). This approach for obtaining bioactive coatings is very interesting because there is no crystallisation during deposition, owing to the high temperatures in the plasma torch, the short residence time in the torch, and the rapid cooling (quenching) of the material upon deposition. The amorphous character of the coatings is a key property in this type of application because crystallinity reduces the material's bioactivity. Fusion Acceleration Cooling + shrinkage Impact Feedstock Substrate


The development of nanocomposites polymer matrix with clay from Brazil has been naturally abundant and low cost alternative. In this study, we obtained nanocomposites polyamide66 (PA66) with 1% and 5% of bentonite clay from Brazil, to be used as microporous organic/inorganic hybrid membranes. The clay was treated with a quaternary ammonium salt in order to make it organophilic. The membranes in the form of thin films were prepared using the technique of immersion-precipitation of solution from the nanocomposites. Treated clay and untreated clay were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Thermogravimetry (TG). The membranes were characterized by TG and XRD. The result of XRD showed the presence of quaternary ammonium salt in the structure of clay, after organophilization. For TG, we observed that the treated clay showed higher thermal stability when compared to untreated clay. For TG, we observed that in general the membranes of PA66 with treated clay, present decomposition temperature higher when compared with untreated clay, thus revealing a greater thermal stability of membranes PA66 with treated clay. Through the X-rays patterns, it was found that membranes with 1% of nanoclay present exfoliated structure and can therefore be applied as microporous membranes.


In this paper, we discuss a pre-inverse adaptive system in which the adaptive filter is located before the unknown system. We then propose an adaptive system that does not require a replica of the unknown system, as in the case of the filtered-x adaptive system. With the proposed method, we can therefore avoid the instability that arises from error in the replica of the unknown system. In the proposed method, the inverse transfer function of the minimum-phase part of the unknown system is estimated by an adaptive exponential filter. The inverse transfer function of the allpass part of the unknown system is estimated by an adaptive transversal filter, whose inverse can be easily realized by reversing the order of the weights. Finally, a numerical verification of the analytical results, the convergence performance of the adaptive systems, and a performance comparison with the filtered-x adaptive system are obtained by computer simulation


We have used experimental data on the photodisintegration of /sup 4/He and the principle of ''two-particle unitarity'' to estimate the contributions from the isoscalar components of the E1 and E2 photodisintegration amplitudes as well as the isoscalar phase shifts for elastic scattering of nucleons by nuclei with mass number A = 3.


Objective: To discuss the methods and effect of endoscopic frontal sinus surgery (EFSS) in chronic frontal sinusitis. Methods: The surgical outcome and computed tomographic imaging in 56(108 sides) patients with chronic sinusitis were analyzed.The drainage patterns of frontal sinus (FS) were judged according to uncinate process.The cells of frontal recess were completely resected during the operation. Results: All 56 cases were found sinus ostium,and were enlarged. After the operation,all patients were followed up for 1~3 years.The frontal sinus ostium of 56 cases kept drainning. Conclusion:The frontal sinus ostium may keep drainning by cutting the cells of frontal recess completely.EFSS is the best treatment to chronic frontal sinusitis.


This research reports the results of a professional development needs survey of the technical and community college presidents in three states: North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. The findings demonstrate remarkable similarities in the concerns, needs, and limitations of presidents and include significant implications for technical and community college leadership.


In this letter the authors experimentally demonstrate the strong coupling regime at room temperature between a surface plasmon and an exciton from an auto-organized quantum well. The sample is formed by a two dimensional layered perovskite-type semiconductor: s(C6H5C2H4–NH3)PbI4, spin coated onto a silver film. The dispersion lines resulting from reflectometry experiments performed at room temperature in the Kretschmann geometry present an anticrossing with a Rabi splitting of 167meV. The emission of the low energy polariton is presented.


FKBP11 peptide (i.e., FKBP11 polypeptide, variant or fragment thereof), compositions containing nucleic acid encoding the fusion protein or FKBP11 peptide containing FKBP11 peptides are disclosed. By administering a composition containing a fusion protein containing the FKBP11 peptide or FKBP11 peptide, reduce the blood glucose level in a subject, improve glucose tolerance, decreasing hepatic gluconeogenesis activity, and / or insulin sensitivity how to improve also disclosed. The method for the target, may include administering a cell expressing a fusion protein or nucleic acid, comprising a nucleic acid or FKBP11 peptide encoding FKBP11 peptide. Kits containing FKBP11 peptide are also provided.


In this article a physical model is created to ascertain the size of the wings of the mythological flying horse Pegasus. Due to the nature of the physics involved, it was found that many assumptions had to be made that left some doubt for the quality of the final calculations. A minimum surface area of 7 . 9 m 2 was calculated.


Pseudoporphyria is an unusual photodermatosis similar to porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT). The main clinical features include skin fragility, bullae and vesicle formation, and scarring, on sun-exposed areas (1). Pseudoporphyria may be induced by the frequent use of ultraviolet A (UVA) tanning beds or by chronic renal failure; how ever, most cases develop secondary to the use of different drugs, including voriconazole (2, 3). We describe here a rare case of pseudoporphyria associated with voriconazole in a paediatric patient.


This investigates the relationship of renewable energy, technology innovation, economic growth, and the interaction between renewable energy and technology innovation with mineral resource demand in resource-rich economies (Russia, The USA, Brazil, Canada, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Australia, Venezuela, China, & Iraq). The research employs the dynamic common correlated effect (DCCE) method for the period from 1995 to 2021. The findings show that coefficients for RENR, TINO, TR, and EG are all statistically significant, indicating their significant positive long-term impact on the mineral resource demand. Increases in RENR, TINO, TR, and EG are associated with positive changes in the outcome variable over the long term. However, the coefficient of INTERM has a significant negative influence on the mineral resource demand in the long run. The findings provide valuable insights into the dynamic interrelationships between the model's variables. Policymakers should focus on policies that promote and enhance RENR, TINO, TR, and EG, as they positively influence the outcome variable in the long run. Additionally, policymakers should be cautious of the potential negative effects of changes in INTERM on the mineral resource demand over the long term and carefully assess policies affecting this variable.


This paper describes the instruments and processes employed in a series of experiments on the specific inductive capacity of paraffine, and the effect upon it of variations of temperature. The instruments described are the platymeter and the sliding condenser. The former of these was, in a rudimentary form, shown to the Mathematical and Physical Section of the British Association at its Glasgow Meeting in 1855, by W. Thomson. It consists of two equal and similar condensers employed for the comparison of electrostatic capacities.


might call the "world knowledge/deep reasoning" school of thought, which is the current paradigm in AI, engendered by Charniak's dissertation. He introduces frames, scripts and plans, MOPS, and information formats (from the Linguistic String Project, NYU). The chapter concludes with a discussion of handling dialogue. Although there is a good discussion of some points, this chapter is somewhat disappointing because many areas of research are left out or no examples are given: classic pragmatics is not discussed at all, story and text grammars are only mentioned, MOPs are only mentioned, and no mention is made of rhetorical structure theory. Perhaps the author felt that this area was not very well settled and therefore should not be treated extensively. Graduate students, however, should be treated to open problems as well as to (purported) solutions. The language generation chapter is quite brief and treats sentence generation from a syntactic point of view. A short discussion on text generation completes the chapter. Clearly, more could be done with generation even if it is "the poor cousin" of automated language research. Grishman spends little time trying to fill in the technical linguistic background of the reader. There are short introductions to the Chomsky hierarchy of grammars and predicate logic, but the reader is mostly presumed to be conversant with linguistic theory. The book is, after all, about computational linguistics. The amount of introductory material seems reasonable relative to the expository material. For computer science graduate students, however, this account would have to be supplemented with more introductory linguistics material. The book also contains little philosophical discussion. The author does not attempt to address the problem of defining meaning, let alone the role of meaning and language for the concept of mind (a hot topic for some cognitive psychologists and philosophers). Admittedly, such discussions can become abstruse and perhaps not very useful, and Grishman typically avoids such topics. The author frequently writes short evaluations of previous efforts in an attempt to weigh the contribution of the work. The evaluations seem very fair; Grishman does not take doctrinaire stances toward different approaches to natural language, an excellent way to write an introductory text. One nice touch of the book is the pursuit of topics through several different chapters. For example, the problem of quantifier ordering is discussed both in the semantics chapter as a representation problem and in the language generation chapter. Various such themes are pursued throughout the book. In summary, this introductory text takes a stand, a point of view, toward the computational linguistics field. It can be used most profitably in classes with students who already have some linguistics background. If supplemented with additional material, it could also be used for courses populated by computer science students. The book is interestingly written with many insightful discussions, and it is the only (introductory) computational linguistics textbook that looks at the field from a linguist's point of view. REFERENCES


The queueing theory has been extended for designing large queueing systems. In the large queueing systems, walking time from the head of the queue to the service windows is too large to ignore. Thus, we introduce the effect of delay in walking in the queueing theory, and obtain the suitable type of queueing system under various conditions. When there are plural service windows, the queueing theory indicates that a fork-type queue, which collects people into a single queue, is more efficient than a parallel-type queue, i.e., queues for each service windows. However, in the walking-distance introduced queueing theory, we find that the parallel-type queue is more efficient when sufficiently many people are waiting in queues, and service time is shorter than walking time. We also consider the situation where there are two kinds of people, whose service time is short and long. The analytical result says that we can decrease peoplepsilas waiting time and their stress by setting up queues for each kind of people separately.


The aim of this prospective case–control study was to compare the development of implant stability quotients of narrow diameter implants in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and healthy individuals within the first 3 months after implant insertion.


A set of control parameters is introduced in the fully elastic nonhydrostatic Euler equations formulated in the mass-based vertical coordinate of Laprise (1992). Contrary to the classical approach, hydrostatic limit is represented by a subspace of control parameters, instead of a single point. By finding a suitable path from the fully compressible equations to the hydrostatic subspace, we are able to construct a blended system with acoustic modes slowed down and gravity modes nearly unaffected. Numerical stability of the discretized system is thus improved, and the solution remains essentially the fully compressible one. Alternatively, control parameters can be used to redefine linear model of the constant-coefficients semi-implicit time scheme, increasing the numerical stability of the fully compressible system. With a careful choice of the control parameters in both, the linear model used in the semi-implicit temporal scheme, and in the full model, the blended system does not deteriorate the compressible solution while its semi-implicit temporal discretization is more stable. We illustrate the potential of the method on several simple examples and in real case studies using the ALADIN system.


The adoption and implementation of Web Accessibility (WA) in web presences of businesses is considerably important to reach the broadest possible end user, including users with disabilities. It is fundamental to provide equal opportunities to all web users and enhance their accessible user experience by offering web services and products with accessibility in mind.


Bis(L-aspartato) rhodate(III) complex was prepared and separated into three isomers, and their absorption, CD curves and 1H NMR spectra are presented. The geometrical configurations of three isomers are assigned mainly on the basis of the spectral analogy between this complex and the [Co(L-asp)2]− complex.


This article is concerned with Raman study of µc-Si:H obtained by PECVD under different deposition conditions. The analysis of crystal fracture and bonded hydrogen content in the layer was carried out. It is shown that as the amorphous phase increases, the content of Si-H bonds prevails. Optimal conditions for deposition of microcrystalline silicon with a low content of hydrogen bonds were defined.


The idea of the Jewish Rembrandt, quite common in the nineteenth century, was inferred from Rembrandt's long years of living in the Jodenbreestraat, among the Jews of Amsterdam, whom he used as models for his many depictions of "rabbis" and biblical figures. The painting resembles Rembrandt's work also in its psychological, refl ective attitude, as well as in its quest for self-identity and meaning. In the modern period, one artist in Holland, Jozef Israels (1824- 1911) from Groningen, can be seen to have embodied the ideal of the new Jewish artist. This chapter discusses two Jewish-German artists, Max Liebermann (1847 -1935) and Hermann Struck (1876-1944). Both spent long periods in Holland, attracted by its people, landscapes, and artistic tradition. Keywords: Amsterdam; Hermann Struck; Holland; Jewish Rembrandt; Jewish-German artists; Max Liebermann


Between 1980 and 2000, growth in the skill premium and a decline in the relative price of capital led economists to conclude that capital-embodied technical change was driving up the relative demand for skilled labor. Given the continued steady decline in capital prices post 2000, these models predict a continual rise in the skill premium. However, post 2000, growth in the skill premium has slowed down. I argue that as the skill premium increased, firms adopted new technologies economizing on the use of skilled labor. I quantify this force using an equilibrium model with costly technology adoption. As capital prices fall, capital-skill complementarity initially drives up the skill premium. Firms respond by investing in new technologies which are less skilled-labor-intensive. The model successfully accounts for the slowing skill premium and the behavior of the labor share. Without technology adoption, the model predicts a skill premium in 2019 that is 8 percentage points higher and a labor share that is almost 10 percentage points higher. I provide microeconomic evidence for my mechanism by showing that accountants relatively more exposed to the adoption of accounting software saw slower wage growth. *I am extremely grateful to Patrick Kehoe, Nicholas Bloom, Luigi Bocola and Elena Pastorino for their extensive guidance, assistance in obtaining data, their generosity with their time and their invaluable comments. I deeply thank Adrien Auclert for his help throughout the process of writing this paper. I thank Mohamad Adhami, Ross Batzer, Rafael Berriel, Nick Cao, Daniele Caratelli, Calvin He, Brian Higgins, Pete Klenow, Ernest Liu, Cedomir Malghieri, Frédéric Martenet, Brendan Moore, Monika Piazzesi, Brenda Samaniego de Parra, Martin Schneider, Martin Souchier, and participants at the Bloom Reading Group, the Stanford Macroeconomics Seminar and Lunch for comments and suggestions. I am grateful for generous support from the Patricia Liu McKenna and Kenneth McKenna Graduate Fellowship and the E.S. Shaw and B.F. Haley Fellowship for Economics through grants to the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research.


An important challenge in building explainable artificially intelligent (AI) systems is designing interpretable explanations. AI models often use low-level data features which may be hard for humans to interpret. Recent research suggests that situating machine decisions in abstract, human understandable concepts can help. However, it is challenging to determine the right level of conceptual mapping. In this research, we explore granularity (of data features) and context (of data instances) as dimensions underpinning conceptual mappings. Based on these measures, we explore strategies for designing explanations in classification models. We introduce an end-to-end concept elicitation pipeline that supports gathering high-level concepts for a given data set. Through crowd-sourced experiments, we examine how providing conceptual information shapes the effectiveness of explanations, finding that a balance between coarse and fine-grained explanations help users better estimate model predictions. We organize our findings into systematic themes that can inform design considerations for future systems.


A kinetics approach is developed for the geometrically nonlinear analysis of photo-induced wrinkling of glassy twist nematic films on soft elastic substrates.In this way,the problem is reduced to finding the steady state of an overdamped evolution system according to a kinetic law,rather than directly solving the coupled nonlinear equations.This enables one to account for the complicated director distribution and obtain the precise wrinkling morphology of the film.Though the approach proposed here is for a twist nematic film,it can be extended to study glassy nematic films with other director distributions.


The described project was developed in Agroindustrias Kaizen Company, the trading company and the producer of balanced food for family breeding animals in Peru. Its main objective is to contribute to the continuous improvement of the company by increasing profitability and improving operational and support processes. Taking into account safety and health at work (which is an important and compelling factor for companies in Peru), the methodology used in this project is PDCA or Deming Cycle, and as part of this methodology, some concepts were developed, such as: Process Improvement, Tool of Strategic Plan, Balanced Scorecard, Quality Homes (QFD), 5S Methodology, Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA), Analysis of Failure Mode and Effects (FMEA), Market Outlook, Maintenance Management Methods, Traceability and Management of Nonconforming Product, among others. To conclude, the result of this project is positive, numbers show that the improvement in the effectiveness indicator went from 34.8% to 70%, the perception of positive working environment increased from 63% to 83% and men hours in corrective maintenance decreased from 85.5% to 23.66%, among other indicators.


The effect of real exchange rate variability on the demand for agricultural imports by developing countries has potentially important implications for U.S. exporters because of the potential for expanded trade. This study uses the Edwards model (1987) to investigate variations in monetary factors, terms-of-trade, and trade policy (openness) as sources of Trinidad and Tobago's real exchange rate variability. Given that the influence of these factors on the determination of real exchange rate variability may be affected by the way in which trade-weighted-exchange-rate indexes are constructed, indexes for corn and wheat were used. The results indicate that although reductions in terms-of-trade variation yield reductions in exchange rate variability, monetary disturbances display both of the real-exchange-rate-variability-increasing and decreasing effects depending on the index used. Thus, the results do not support any clear set of policy actions through which export opportunities could be expanded for U.S. ...


This paper presents a simple quantum memory method for efficient storage and retrieve of light. The technique is based on the principle of controlled reversible inhomogeneous broadening for which the information of the quantum state light is imprinted in a two-level atoms ensemble and recalled by flipping the external nonuniform electric field. In present work, the induced Stark shift varied linearly with position, and a numerical analysis for this protocol has been studied. It shows that the storage efficiency can nearly reach 100% with a large enough optical depth, and the optimal broadening for a given pulse width is also analyzed.


A repeat reading device and a method with automatic pausing described. A sound analyzer receives and analyzes a speech signal to determine Pausierungspunkte. A repeat pathogens receives a repeat instruction and puts an end point into a sound signal. A repeat retriever sets the Pausierungspunkt which is earlier than the end point and lies to the next, as a starting point a. A repeat player plays the sound signal from the starting point to the end point.


Robert Half, CPA, founder of Robert Half International, Inc. and author of six books on the work place, offers advice for CPAs who are interested in new professional options. Many CPAs and other professionals believe that to gain a promotion or a raise they must leave their present employment. Sometimes they find themselves stymied in their current jobs and have little choice but to move on. But too often professionals take that step without exploring the potential for advancement right where they are. There are techniques they can use to advance while remaining with the same employer. In every public accounting firm and management accounting department within an organization, one can find individuals who may be skilled and knowledgeable and who work hard, yet never get appropriate recognition. Generally, their relative obscurity is very much their own doing. Gaining visibility. If you want to ascend the career ladder at your present place of employment, it is your responsibility to do what is necessary to gain visibility so that your talents and achievements will be recognized. For example, if the firm or company is large enough to support an employee newsletter, seek opportunities to write for it. The same goes for magazines or other publications; they may publish articles related to accounting. Individuals who are comfortable speaking before a group also should offer to speak at meetings of professional accounting organizations. And be sure to bring these activities to the attention of your manager. Acting as one's own public relations person is uncomfortable for some people; it's "tooting your own horn." But there's nothing wrong with that, provided it's done in good taste and without crossing the line from acceptable assertiveness to unpleasant aggressiveness. After all, if you don't talk about your successes, who will? Of course, writing and public speaking don't come easily to everyone. However, courses in communications are generally offered at local colleges. Another way of gaining favorable attention is becoming active in civic and fraternal organizations. This not only benefits others, but it also provides an additional platform upon which a professional can achieve the sort of positive visibility that can advance a career. In-house networking. Another myth many professionals believe is that networking should be reserved for people outside one's present place of employment. That closes off what should be your prime audience--the people with whom you currently work. Successful networking within one's place of employment involves some very simple things. First, of course, is being a pleasant, cooperative colleague. It doesn't take much to be nice; a friendly, sincere good morning," a readiness to listen (but not to contribute to negative gossip) and an openness to new ideas from a variety of people will go a long way. …


Two end‐member styles of crustal accretion are observed at two adjacent spreading segments at the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge at 5°S: focused accretion to the segment center with rapid crustal thinning toward the transform in the northern segment and crustal thickening toward the transform at an oceanic core complex in the southern segment. Our results were obtained by tomographic inversion of wide‐angle seismic reflection and refraction data collected along three intersecting profiles. The segment north of the 5°S fracture zone is characterized by a well‐developed median valley with a pronounced seafloor bulge in the segment center. A discrete portion of anomalously low velocities (−0.4 to −0.5 km/s relative to average off‐axis structure) at depths of ∼2.5 km beneath this bulge is possibly related to the presence of elevated temperatures and perhaps small portions of partial melt. This suggests that this segment is currently in a magmatically active period, which is confirmed by the observation of fresh lava flows and ongoing high‐temperature hydrothermal activity at the seafloor. Close to the current spreading axis, the crust thins rapidly from 8.5 km beneath the segment center to less than 3 km beneath the transform fault which indicates that melt supply here is strongly focused to the segment center. The reduction in crustal thickness is almost exclusively accommodated by the thinning of velocity portions indicative of seismic layer 3. The transform fault is characterized by more uniform velocity gradients throughout the entire crustal section and very low upper mantle velocities of 7.2–7.3 km/s indicating that serpentinization could be as much as 25% at 3.5 km depth. In contrast, ∼4.1 Ma old crust of the northern segment shows only minor thinning from the segment center toward the segment end. Here, the transform is characterized by a normal seismic layer 2/3 transition suggesting robust melt supply to the segment end at those times. In the adjacent southern segment, the crust thickens from ∼2.5 km beneath the flank of an oceanic core complex to ∼5.0 km at the segment boundary. The observed changes in crustal thickness show a significant temporal and lateral variability in melt supply and suggest a more complex crustal emplacement process than predicted by models of focused melt supply to the segment centers.


Objective To examine the acute effects of NO-synthase inhibition on renal hemodynamics in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Methods Changes of renal plasma flow (RPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in response to intravenous infusions of NG-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA) (3 mg/kg per 30 min) were measured in 32 normotensive and in 39 essential hypertensive patients by use of clearance technique. Results l-NMMA significantly decreased RPF in normotensive and hypertensive individuals (P < 0.001), while GFR was preserved. Changes of renal hemodynamic parameters were similar in hypertensive and normotensive subjects (ΔRPF: –88 ± 89 versus –81 ± 105 ml/min, P = NS; ΔGFR 1.6 ± 8.2 versus 4.3 ± 8.9 ml/min, P = NS) Furthermore, l-NMMA increased mean arterial pressure (ΔMAP 5.3 ± 6.3 versus 6.0 ± 6.1 mmHg, P = NS) and decreased heart rate (ΔHR –5.8 ± 3.9 versus –4.1 ± 3.8 beats/min, P = NS) to a similar extent in both groups. Conclusion Basal NO synthesis of the renal vasculature is not impaired in patients with established essential hypertension.


= A bs t r ac t = Partial ureteral obstruction in rats has been usually created by implanting the mid ureter into the psoas muscle. However, this method does not allow us to choose the obstruction site or the degree of obstruction. On the other hand, the extrinsic stent insertion method needs highly sophisticated operation skill. Hence, we tried t o make a new experimental model using a bisected segment of 8 F feeding tube. We made various sizes of central holes with needles in that piece and then placed the left ureter into the hole through a J-shaped incised route. The occurrence of partial ureteral obstruction was checked by excretory urogram, direct injection of indigocarmine into the upper dilated ureter and histopathological examination. Actually, partial ureteral obstruction occurred in 67% of rats in the 23G group (n=6) and in 57% in the 21G group (n=7) in a week. Complete obstruction occurred in 33% in the 23G group and in 29% in the 21G group. The control group (n=6) in which an 18G needle (greater than ureter diameter) was used showed 33% of partial obstruction but there was no case of complete obstruction.These data show that our new experimental model inducing partial ureter obstruction in rats has reliability, variability and simplicity.


The ground moving-target indication (GMTI) technique can detect civil and military moving targets, which means that this technique has received much attention. Strong clutter background suppression is one of the critical problems in this application. However, the detection performance in heterogeneous environment can be degraded due to the inaccurate estimation of the clutter covariance matrix (CCM). In this paper, we propose a robust GMTI method using a spaceborne dual-platform synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system, which can obtain highly accurate CCM in nonuniform clutter. Firstly, the accurate CCM is estimated based on the SAR image obtained by the former platform. Then, space–time adaptive processing (STAP) is carried out using the obtained the CCM. Finally, the detection threshold is set according to the estimated CCM and detection is executed accurately. Compared with the traditional CCM estimation method in STAP using the clutter nearby the cell under test, this method directly estimates the CCM using the clutter of the cell under test, which can avoid CCM estimation mistakes in heterogeneous clutter environment. The clutter can be whitened and depressed more effectively. Additionally, with the accurate threshold acquired from the CCM, the detection probability can be effectively improved under a certain false-alarm criterion. Based on simulation data, GMTI experiments in a heterogeneous environment such as clutter with strong pollution, junction zone of hot and cold clutter, and clutter with nonuniform power are carried out; the results show that the moving targets can be effectively detected with the proposed method.


Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to analyze the flow behaviour of oil and water in the porous heavy oil reservoir with an Autonomous Inflow Control Valve (AICV) installed. 2D simulations in ANSYS FLUENT 13.0 for a 50m long heavy oil reservoir section along the well were carried out with four AICVs placed on the main production pipe. Two different cases were modelled by changing the volume fraction discritization scheme and the way of creating the pressure drop across the AICV. Both cases showed a successful imitation of AICV behaviour by automatically closing the valves completely for water and keeping them open for oil. The simulations performed under an implicit volume fraction scheme resulted in later breakthrough times and a diffused oil layer-like approach within the reservoir. The simulations performed under an explicit volume fraction scheme resulted in earlier breakthrough times and distinct flow behaviour of oil, which was identified as fingering phenomena. The oil production rates, breakthrough times, water migration within the reservoir and annulus were observed for both approaches. The accumulated oil production varies from 70 to 111.6m 3 due to


Political protest has become a normal form of engagement in many countries (Meyer and Tarrow 1997) although the degree to which protest is considered a legitimate form of civic engagement varies both across countries and across individuals within countries. Using a sample of fourteen year olds from 20 countries surveyed by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) as part of the 1999 Civic Education (CivEd) and 2009 International Civic and Citizenship Education (ICCS) surveys, we seek to understand how national political context – specifically the amount and form of protest in recent years influence young citizens' attitudes toward participating in protest behavior. We distinguish two different types of protest -non-confrontational and confrontational -and expect some factors to affect each of these differently. We also look at how a history of riots in a country influences youth's expected future activity. The project expands our understanding of how different forms of civic engagement are learned and contributes to the literature on the cross-national factors that produce protest. *This research was funded by a grant from the Spencer Foundation's New Civics Initiative (Grant #201200081). The authors would like to thank the Spencer Foundation for its generous support, and David Baker and Eric Plutzer for their comments on the project in its initial stages. Naturally any errors rest with the authors. Please do not cite without the permission of the authors.


Methane emissions were measured by a static chamber technique in a diverse peatland complex in the Northern Study Area (NSA) of the Boreal Ecosystem Atmosphere Study (BOREAS). Sampling areas represented a wide range of plant community and hydrochemical gradients (pH 3.9–7.0). Emissions were generally larger than those reported from other boreal wetland environments at similar latitude. Seasonal average fluxes from treed peatlands (including palsas) ranged from 0 to 20 mg CH4 m−2 d−1 compared with 92 to 380 mg CH4 m−2 d−1 in open graminoid bogs and fens (with maximum single fluxes up to 1355 mg CH4 m−2 d−1). Permafrost-related collapse scars had similarly high CH4 emissions, particularly in the lag areas where continuous measurements of water table, peat surface elevation, and peat temperature showed that the peat surface adjusted to a falling water table in the abnormally dry 1994 season, maintaining warm, saturated conditions and high CH4 flux later into the season than nonfloating sites. A predictive model for CH4 flux and environmental variables was developed using multiple stepwise regression. A combined variable of mean seasonal peat temperature at the average position of the water table explained most of the spatial variability in log CH4 flux (r2 = 0.64), with height above mean water table (HMWT), water chemistry (Kcorr, pH, Ca), tree cover, and herbaceous plant cover explaining additional variance (r2 = 0.81). Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) of combined vascular and bryophyte data with environmental variables showed that CH4 flux was negatively correlated with HMWT, the second axis of vegetation variability, and was only weakly correlated with chemistry, the first axis. Sedge and tree cover were correlated with high and low CH4 fluxes, respectively, while shrub cover was of less predictive value. Microtopographic groupings of hummocks and hollows were separated in terms of CH4 flux at the intermediate ranges of the moisture gradient. These data show that multivariate vegetation analyses may provide a useful framework for integrating the complex environmental controls on CH4 flux and extrapolating single point chamber measurements to the landscape scale using remote sensing. (Key words: CH4 flux, peatland, vegetation, and remote sensing.)


This paper proposes a stochastic process of the autoregressive moving average (ARMA) type for the parametric representation of time series derived from abdominal or ribcage excursion signals measured by noninvasive respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP). The RIP output signal is preprocessed by a linear phase bandpass filter, using the least-squares method, based on prior knowledge of the spectrum of infants quiet respiration signals. The residual signal, obtained by subtracting the output of the bandpass filter from that of the RIP, is transformed into a new series that exhibits no apparent deviations from weak stationarity and has a rapidly decreasing sample autocorrelation function. Hence we attempt to approximate the resulting series with a stationary process and to address the related order selection and parameter estimation problems. We illustrate how such a stochastic representation of the residual time series could prove useful in the automated analysis of respiratory or other biomedical signals measured by noninvasive transducers. In particular, this approach could provide a basis for the automated segmentation, which is currently done visually, of long records of respiratory signals into quiet breathing and awakening periods, the latter being mainly corrupted by movement artifacts


I am grateful to the editors at Journal of Narrative Theory for arranging the present exchange between Barbara Foley and me. Foley's several and meticulously researched articles on African American writers and communism situate her as someone particularly well-positioned to comment on my recently published essay. I am pleased with her attention. William J. Maxwell, in his book New Negro, Old Left, thanks Foley for seeing "the wheat in the chaff' even when his work was less well known (ix). Although Foley has, perhaps, seen in my work less of the wheat and more of the chaff, I appreciate her detailed critique of my essay "Reading Ralph Ellison Synthesizing the CP and NAACP: Sympathetic Narrative Strategy, Sympathetic Bodies." Her comments shed important light on the incorporation of biography, history, and politics into the study of literature. However, I want to examine a handful of issues within her response, including a certain uneasiness with ambivalent cultural signs and subjectivities, her suggestions for what ought to be studied when addressing African Americans' responses to the Communist Party, and her treatment of what I call the sympathetic narrative strategy and sympathetic bodies that arise in Ellison's story. Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri's Empire offers much to take with a grain of salt, but I think the writers are correct when they observe that "the


Children are humans who have physical and mental abilities that are considered weaker to overcome various risks and dangers they face and automatically still depend on other parties, especially family members, but until now mistreatment in sexual matters it still haunts children, especialy pedophiles. One of the cases that occurred was the case of same-sex child molestation carried out by men with the initials BM, against several underage boys, who because of his actions the Judge of the Banyumas District Court stipulated a criminal sentence of 17 (seventeen) years. But in this case, the verdict that was dropped was still far from the word maximum and did not have an impact on the perpetrator. So then, how is the implementation of criminal sanctions against same-sex pedophiles in the verdict 90 / Pid.Sus / 2016 / Pn. Bms according to regulations? The method used in this study is normative legal research. Based on research on several experts and research on related regulations, regarding the decision, it is actually quite good, but it is considered to be less than optimal considering that the pedophile has psychiatric disorders, so psychological rehabilitation is needed and punishment should be made worse so that there is no more other victims for similar cases. It is better, in the future, the judge in determining the decision can consider from all aspects, especially in terms of victims, and psychological aspects of the perpetrators, so that in the future cases of child molestation can be reduced in number.


This paper examines the role of pollen digestion in the early breeding of Darwin's finches. Pollen is a rich source of protein, but the extent to which birds digest pollen has been debated. On Isla Daphne Major, Galapagos, Geospiza scandens, the Cactus Finch, and G. fortis, the Medium Ground Finch, consume pollen and nectar of the prickly pear cactus, Opuntia echios. I found that >90% of ingested pollen was digested during passage through the gut of adult and nestling G. scandens and adult G. fortis. This value is twice as high as the maximum reported for birds, and comparable to the most efficient digestion known for specialist marsupials. Nectar is ingested with pollen by the finches and may stimulate germination of pollen in the crop, facilitating digestion. Opuntia pollen grains germinated in vitro in a nectar and water solution. Breeding of finches typically follows shortly after the arrival of the first heavy rains of the year. In 6 of 12 years, however, some G. scandens pairs bred and successfully fledged young before onset of the rains. At these times, Opuntia flowers were abundant, arthropods were scarce, and the diet of G. scandens was predominantly Opuntia pollen and nectar. As a result of breeding early, pre-rains breeders produced more clutches and fledged more young per year than post-rains breeders. Although G. fortis take pollen and nectar from Opuntia flowers and efficiently digest pollen grains, they feed on flowers to a much lesser extent than G. scandens, and did not breed before the rains. These results have implications for similar vertebrate pollinator and plant systems in arid tropical regions.


Heilongjiang is one of the coal production provinces in our country,the total output of raw coal's place in the nation is the fourth,the coal resources mining make colliery and its surrounding land subsidence,the area is about 507.89 km2.The geological environment disasters by the fourth coal mining are introduced in Heilongjiang,the main types,the mechanism of the disaster formation and the development trend of the coal mine's geological disasters are discussed;the hazards of the geological disasters to the destruction of infrastructure,land resources occupation,environmental pollution,safety of life and property and the economic development are analyzed.To be guided by the scientific concept of development,it is combined that the prevention of geological disasters with local practice,summing up to strengthen the law enforcement's supervision of geological disasters,the collapse of land reclamation,recycling of coal gangue resources,the mountain of gangue's biological reclamation,the waste dump site's ecological reclamation and the model of the tourism development.


We present a minimax optimal solution to the problem of estimating a compact, convex set from finitely many noisy measurements of its support function. The solution is based on appropriate regularizations of the least squares estimator. Both fixed and random designs are considered.


The influence of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) on anti-senescence of melon leaves and the change in fruit quality during the storage at low temperature were studied. In most of the crops, freshness of leaves is important factor for characteristics of fruits, such as sugar contents, color, and firmness. Melon (Cucumis melo L. cv. Prince) plants were sprayed with LPE at 5 and 3 weeks before commercial harvest. In upper part, LPE treatment showed slight high number of fresh leaf compared to no treatment (None). However, in lower part, LPE resulted in apparent inhibition effect on senescence, showing that lower side of melon plant kept fresh upon LPE application up to about 30%. The SSC of melon treated with LPE was similar to that of fruit from None at harvest. There was no change in soluble solids content (SSC) for all treatment during the storage at 7℃. There were no significant differences in firmness of mesocarp from melons given different treatments at harvest. The firmness of mesocarp from melon treated with LPE was higher than none after 2 weeks storage. The electrolyte leakage means for melon treated with LPE did not differ significantly from the means at initial storage after 2 weeks storage among the treatments. None increased 57% from its initial electrolyte leakage during storage. These results suggest that the application of LPE may have potential to inhibit senescence of leaves and maintain fruit quality during the storage in melon.


THE literature covering the psychological correlates of physical fitness leaves one with the impression that "this is not all". This may be due in part to methodological difficulties in assessing the psychological variables, but it also suggests that we may be looking in the wrong place. Several year ago, we attempted to relate scores on objective tests of motivation (aspiration level, suggestibility, a test of competitveness, arterial-oxygen saturation during a breathholding test, and so on) with "all-out" running times on the treadmill. The motivation tests showed no correlation with running times, whereas tests involving gross motor performance (agility run, squat jumps, mile run time, and postexercise breathholding) yielded significant correlations. These findings, together with the work of King' and of Spieth2-showing that individuals with cardiovascular disease are motor-deficient organisms-suggest that one of the basic components in both performance and cardiovascular function may be a well-integrated central nervous system. The perception of effort has not been given the attention it warrants, although recent work indicates that subjectively perceived exertion may be a more valid index of an individual's tolerance for physical effort than exercise heart rate.


In recent years,RNA interfere is a new technology which have been used in the study of the gene expression,regulation and function.In recent studies including vivo and vitro,siRNA is applied to interfere the RNA of gastric cancer related cancerigenic factor,which have all proved obvious effects.The technology has promoted the study of gastric cancer gene therapy.More and more gastric cancer related cancerigenic factors and suppressor factors have been discovered along with further study,and have become the new target of gastric cancer gene therapy.


The invention provides a hologram in which a visually unidentifiable microtext or other micropattern of the order of 10 μm is recorded, and a process for the fabrication of the same. A volume hologram recording material 2 is located on the side of a reflection type volume hologram master 1 onto which copying illumination light 11 is incident, and the copying illumination light 11 incident onto the recording material 2 and light 12 diffracted through the master 1 interfere together in the volume hologram recording material 2 thereby copying the reflection type volume hologram master. In this case, a reflecting plate 5 having a fine regular reflection pattern 3 is interleaved between the master 1 and the recording material 2, and the copying illumination light 11 incident onto the recording material 2 and regularly reflected light 32 from the reflecting plate having the regular reflection pattern 3 interfere together in the recording material 2 thereby allowing the regular reflection pattern 3 to be multi-recorded in a hologram having the reflection type volume hologram master 1 copied in it.


Competent Bacillus subtilis cells were exposed to radioactive and density labeled donor DNA extracted from B. pumilus and B. licheniformis. The DNA from these strains hybridized with B. subtilis DNA in vitro at a rate of 24% and 11%, respectively. After entry the vast majority of heterologous DNA was found at the single-strand DNA position in CsCl gradients, and was gradually degraded during incubation. Much less donor DNA than expected from the hybridization values participated in the formation of the donorrecipient complex (DRC). By subjecting the heterologous DRC to sonication and alkaline CsCl gradient centrifugation, it was established that the DRC consisted of three components: (1) recipient DNA in which breakdown products of donor DNA were incorporated through DNA synthesis, (2) recipient DNA in which donor DNA was covalently integrated and (3) recipient DNA in which the donor moiety was not covalently integrated. ETEROSPECIFIC transformation of BaciZZus subtilis is characterized by an extremely low efficiency €or auxotrophic markers (WILSON and YOUNG 1972; HARFORD and MERGEAY 1973; HARRISWARRICK and LEDERBERG 1978). However, markers situated in evolutionarily conserved regions of the Bacillus genome can be transformed fairly efficiently by heterologous DNA (DUBNAU et aZ. 1965; CHILTON and MCCARTHY 1969). Thus it seems that a lack of basesequence homologoy is the major barrier to successful interspecific genetic exchange (for review see VENEMA 1979). In accordance with this assumption Escherichia coli DNA, although capable of entering into competent B. subtilis, is not integrated into the recipient chromosome ( PIECHOWSKA, SOLTYK and SHUGAR 1975). Extensive physical-chemical studies have revealed that immediately after entry in B. subtilis, homologous donor DNA is present as single strands, complexed with cellular components (PIECHOWSKA and Fox 1971; ARWERT and VENEMA 1973b). Via an unstable association with the recipient chromosome (POPOWSKI and VENEMA 1978), the single-stranded donor DNA becomes stably associated with the recipient DNA, initially noncovalently (DUBNAU and CIRIGLIANO Genetics 101: 179-188 June, 1982 D ow naded rom http/academ ic.p.com /genetics/a01/2/179/5995165 by gest on 12 Jauary 2021 180 H. P. J. TERIELE A N D G. VENEMA 1973). It has been assumed that in this intermediate phase the phosphodiester linkage between one extremity of the donor DNA segment and the recipient DNA is formed quickly, followed by linkage of the other extremity to the recipient chromosome when the redundant recipient strand has been digested ( BUITENWERF and VENEMA 1978). Studies on the fate of transforming heterologous DNA after entry in competent cells are surprisingly few. To make a comparison possible with the Streptococcus (RAINA, METZER and RAVIN 1978) and Haemophilus (NOTANI and SETLOW 1972) heterospecific systems, we have started an investigation on the physical-chemical fate of B. pumilus DNA and B. Iicheniformis DNA in B . subtilis. We have chosen these two sources of donor DNA because their differing degrees of homology with B. subtilis might affect the processing of the DNA after entry differently, and information might be obtained about which steps in the recombination process depend critically on the extent of base-sequence homology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Strains: Bacillus subtilis 168 strain 8G-5 (relevant markers: trpC,, tyr-1) was used as recipient (BRON and VENEMA 1972). Tritiated, heavy, and unlabeled donor DNA was isolated from B. subtilis 168 strain 2G-8 (tyr-l t h y ) , B. subtilis tV23 ( t h y ) , B . pumilus ( t h y ) , B. licheniformis ( t h y ) and E. coli K-12 Hfr H64 ( thi thy) . Unlabeled donor DNA was also isolated from spontaneous RIF-resistant mutants of these strains (except E . coli), which were resistant to at least 5 pg/ml of rifampin. Media: All Bacillus strains were grown in minimal medium consisting of SPIZIZEN'S (1958) minimal salts plus glucose (0.5%), casein hydrolysate (0.02%) and growth factors (20 pglml). RIF-resistant strains were grown in the presence of 5pg/ml of rifampin (Calbiochem. Calif.). E. coli was g o w n in M9 medium (ADAMS 1958) supplemented with glucose (0.5%), casein hydrolysate (0.02%) 20 ,pg/ml of thymidine and 1 pg/ml of thiamin. Minimal agar consisted of SPIZIZEN'S minimal salts plus glucose (0.5%) containing 1.5% agar (Difco). Starvation medium contained 0.5% glucose in minimal salts. Isolation of DNA: Transforming DNA was isolated as described by VENEMA, PRITCHARD and VENEMA-SCHRODER (1965). Heavy, radioactive DNA containing (methyl-3H) -thymidine and the heavy isotopes 1jN and 2N was isolated from cultures grown in the media described by POPOWSKI and VENEMA (1978) with the following modifications: 1.45 pg/ml of unlabeled thymine was added to all media; thiamin and biotin (1 ,pg/ml) each) were added to the media for B. pumilus, B. licheniformis and B. subtilis W23; in addition, the medium for B. subtilis W23 contained 1 ,pg/ml of trimethoprim to prevent growth of thymidine-independent revertants. The specific activity of the DNA preparations was approximately 8 x 105 cpm/,ug. Competence and transformation: B. subtilis 168 strain 8G-5 was made competent by diluting an overnight culture eightfold in minimal medium. Cells were grown at 37" with moderate aeration. When 14C-labeled competent cells were required, 14C-thymidine (0.1 pCi/Ml) was added 1 hr after dilution. After 3 hr the culture was diluted 1: 1 with starvation medium and incubated for an additional period of 1.5 hr a t 37" with vigorous aeration. Competent cultures were transformed by 1.5 fig/ml DNA at 37". Uptake of donor DNA was stopped after 45 min by the addition of DNase I (20 pg/ml; Sigma) and MgC1, (10-2 M). Subsequently trp C2+ and try-? + transformants were scored on appropriately supplemented minimal agar plates. RIF-resistant transformants were scored on agar containing 5 yg/ml of rifampin after a continued incubation period of 4 hr at 37". Abbreviations: DRC = donor-recipient complex; DNase = deoxyribonuclease I; HPUra = 6-(p-hydraxyphenylaro) ~ uracil; RIP = rifampin; EDT.4 = ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetate; TCA = trichloroacetic acid. D ow naded rom http/academ ic.p.com /genetics/a01/2/179/5995165 by gest on 12 Jauary 2021 HETEROLOGOUS DNA IN B. subtilis 181 D N A D N A hybridization: The procedure to determine the ability of the donor DNA to hybridize with B. subtilis 168 DNA in vitro was essentially the same as described in detail by SEKI, OSHIMA and OSHIMA (1975) : single-stranded B . subtilis DNA, immobilized on nitrocellulose filters, was exposed to single-stranded radioactive donor DNA. DNA-filters were prepared by filtering solutions containing 25 pg of alkaline-denatured B . subtilis 168 DNA in 6 x SSC through nitrocellulose filters (0.45 pm pore size). Filters were washed with 20 ml of 2 x SSC, dried overnight at room temperature and for 2 hr at 80" in a vacuum oven. Hybridization with donor DNA took place by incubating the filters with 1 ml solutions containing 0.5 &g of alkaline-denatured, sonicated (two periods of 30 sec with a MSE 150-W ultrasonic desintegrator, output 20 kHz, amplitude 18 am), radioactively labeled donor DNA in 6 x SSC-fomamide (50%) for 25 hr in a gently shaken waterbath at 37". After hybridization the filters were washed and dried for 30 min in a vacuum oven at 80". Filter bound radioactivity was measured in 5 ml of Xylofluor (Baker Ltd.) in a Packard scintillation counter. The hybridization efficiency was determined as the percentage of input DNA bound to the filters relative to the annealing of homologous DNA. Physical-chemical fate of donor D N A : Donor DNA labeled with 3H, ZH, and 15N was added to competent 1Clabeled B. subtilis 8G-5 cultures (20 min before maximal competence was reached, supplemented with 40 #g/ml of nonradioactive thymine and thymidine) to a concentration of 0.5-1.0 x 106 cpm/ml. After 20 min incubation at 30°, entry of DNA was stopped by the addition of DNase I (20 pg/ml; Sigma) and MgC1, (10-2 M ) . After 5 min of vigorous shaking 5 ml samples were taken at fixed intervals and chille? immediately on frozen solutions of EDTA (10-1 M, pH 8.5) +NaCl (0.15 M). Preparation of 1 ml lysates and CsCl density centrifugation (pH = 11.2) was carried out as described by BUITENWERF and VENEMA (1978). Samples of 0.05 ml of 0.4 ml fractions, collected from CsCl gradients, were applied to Whatman 3MM paper discs. The discs were dried and washed with ice-cold TCA ( lo%), TCA (5%) and ethanol (98%). Radioactivity was measured in 5 ml of Xylofluor (Baker Ltd.) with a Packard scintillation counter. 3H counts were corrected for contaminating 1% counts and vice versa. Alkaline CsCl density contrifugation of sonicated DRC: Fractions of CsCl gradients containing DRC were pooled, and samples were sonicated with a MSE 150-W ultrasonic disintegrator (output 20 kHz; amplitude 18 pm) for two periods of 15 sec at 0". Then 3 ml of EDTA M, pH 8.5) + NaCl (0.15 M), 0.6 ml of 1 M NaOH and CsCl was added to adjust the refractive index to 1.4072 (25"). The samples were transferred to polyallomer tubes, filled with the appropriate volume of a solution containing CsCl (R.I. = 1.4072) in EDTA (10-3 M, pH 8.5) -k NaCl (0.15 M ) and centrifuged for fj0 hr at 20" in a Ti 50 fixed-angle rotor of a Beckman ultracentrifuge. Aliquots of 0.25 ml of the collected fractions were applied to Whatman 3MM paper discs to determine radioactivity as described above.


Introduction: With the aging of the population, the large number of patients seen in the emergency department for atrial fibrillation (AF) will continue to rise. Currently 11% die within one year of the visit. Objective: To examine the impact of rapid (within 3 days) and early (within 7 days) outpatient follow-up care, versus delayed or no follow-up care, on outcomes in AF patients discharged from an emergency department. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study using comprehensive administrative health data from all 163 emergency departments in the province of Ontario, Canada, we identified patients aged ≥ 18 years who were discharged from an emergency department with a primary diagnosis of AF between April 2007 and March 2014. We used a propensity-score matched landmark analysis to assess the association of rapid and early follow-up care with one-year and 90-day all-cause mortality, cardiovascular hospitalizations, and 30-day return emergency department visits. Logistic regression modelling was used ...


The pre-calibration method of a phase-locked loop circuit and a phase locked loop circuit having a pre-calibration mode is started. The phase locked loop circuit includes an oscillation control voltage generator, voltage-controlled oscillator. The starting control voltage generating circuit thereby scaling the pre-pump output current at the pre-calibration mode, and generate a first oscillation control voltage. A voltage controlled oscillator is thereby in response to the first oscillation control voltage in the normal mode, it generates an output oscillation signal that oscillates with a first frequency. Thus, the phase locked loop circuit can reduce the mismatch between the up and down currents of the charge pump current effectively. phase-locked-loop, pre-calibration, a phase locked loop


The objective of this paper is to assess the economic and environmental impacts of the US-EU Open Sky agreement. This paper will extend previous research by investigating the impacts of deregulation and improve airspace operations on all sectors in the economy (not just the air transportation sector) and the impacts on CO2 emissions.


As a general principle of Marxism literary criticism methodology, "the viewpoint of aesthetics and history" has been proved by 150 years' practice to be greatly realistic and full of vitality as well.


Peak detection is an essential step in LIBS data analysis. We present a peak detection method, which is based on continuous wavelet transform. We compare three commonly methods of peak detection and discuss their performance.


WXC THILE child analysis and adult analysis are but different phases of observation of the same processes, a full exploration of their relation involves consideration of some of the most pressing questions with which analysis is confronted. Among these, for example, are questions related to assessment of normality and disease, questions related to diagnostic categories, questions concerning choice of neurosis, the role of the infantile neurosis and its relation to adult neurosis, problems of development, and many others. Obviously, time does not permit discussion of all of these, but I shall offer some observations-the views of one analyst who works with adults as he reflects on child and adult analysis. Most of my comments will be directed to problems related to psychopathology.


Democratizing The Hegemonic State: Political Transformation in the Age of Identity, by Ilan Peleg. Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007. viii + 240 pages. $76. Reviewed by Uri Ram In Democratizing The Hhegemonic State: Political Transformation in the Age of Identity, Ilan Peleg analyzes two Middle Eastern countries, Turkey and Israel, which are employed as cases in a comparative study of the transformation of "hegemonic states." Peleg defines "hegemonic states" as polities in which one ethnic group controls state institutions and policies and utilizes its domination to promote its material and cultural interests more or less exclusively. Both countries belong also to a sub-category of hegemonic states - majoritarian hegemonic states, where the dominant group constitutes the majority of the population (the opposite sub-category being minoritarian hegemonic states, such as South Africa under apartheid). In the cases of Turkey and Israel, the state is deeply committed to the concerns of one ethno-national category (the Turkish and the Jewish, respectively), and thus in various ways discriminates against at least one significant minority group - the Kurds in Turkey (and many other minorities - by some accounts, there are 51 distinct minority groups residing there; p. 170), and the Palestinian-Arabs in Israel. Turkey, as is well known, was constructed as a national republic by a new military and secular elite during the 1920s, after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, and Israel was likewise established in 1948 in a formerly Ottoman region, by a socialist and secular elite. The two countries differ significantly in their "hegemonic" national policies: Turkey has attempted an enforced inclusion of its citizenry, and tried to "Turkify" it, while repressing different languages and identities. In contrast, Israel has preferred a policy of discriminatory exclusion, wherein the minority retains its Arab language and identity (though more as a religious than as a national category). Peleg summarizes this distinction by referring to Turkey's policy as an inclusivist state-centrism and to Israel's as an exclusivist ethno-centrism. One can say that while Turkey tried to "Turkify" the Kurdish population, Israel cared more about the "Judaization" of Arab lands. In recent years, the policies of both these countries towards their minorities is being challenged, from within as well as from abroad. In Peleg's view, both countries have introduced some mild changes in their operation "while maintaining the essence of their polities" (p. 169). In Turkey, the rules of the game have been challenged since the 1980s by both violent Kurdish resistance and the pressure of the European Union. Since the 1990s, the ban on expressions of Kurdish culture (i.e., language, names, and newspapers) gradually has been lifted and an incremental recognition of Kurdish identity has been underway. In addition, with the rise of political Islamism, the secular Kemalist ideology has come under vigorous challenge. "It seems that Turkey had begun to accept, willy-nilly and belatedly, its heterogeneity," writes Peleg (p. 171). In his estimation, Turkey is undergoing some measure of liberalization in its civil culture, yet without making explicit constitutional changes. Similarly, Pelge believes that Israel is experiencing a certain process of openness towards the Arab minority, while at the same time the essence of the Jewish domination over the state "has not changed substantially and is unlikely to do so in the foreseeable future" (p. 174) and thus the regime is bound to remain "an illiberal democracy with inherent flaws" (p. 176). Peleg notes the contrasting pressures of ethno-nationalists and of democratic liberals in contemporary Israel and aptly comments that although most media attention is given to the situation in the occupied territories of 1967 "the battle royal in Israel is about the essence of the state today and in the future rather than about the final status of the relationship between Israelis and West-Bankers" (p. …


Local communities with good stocks of social capital nurture and support the families residing within. This qualitative study explored through the perspectives of mothers, how families with children aged 0–5 years build social capital in newer residential areas in Perth, Western Australia. Parenthood generally increased the desire to connect to one's local community, which activated and enhanced social capital. Two themes appear to drive this desire: an increased need for social support and an increased vested interest in the local community. However, newer residential areas commonly have a lag of community infrastructure needed to provide opportunities for families with young children to interact with other families. Urban planning and community sectors need to coordinate to provide infrastructure and opportunities for families with young children to connect and build social capital within their local communities.


A flip-bonded LED(light emitting diode) with an expanded metal reflection layer is provided to improve light radiation capabilities by reflecting light even in the vicinity of an isolation region between light emitting cells without a loss/absorption. A plurality of light emitting cells(200) are separately formed on one surface of a transparent substrate(100), and include a semiconductor layer(220) of a first conductivity type, an active layer(240) defined on a partial region of the semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type, and a semiconductor layer of a second conductivity type that are sequentially formed. Step cover layers include a metal interconnection layer(420) and a metal reflection layer(450). Between adjacent light emitting cells, the semiconductor layers of the first and second conductivity types are electrically interconnected by the metal interconnection layer. The metal reflection layer is formed across the plurality of light emitting cells and an isolation region between the light emitting cells, and is insulated from the metal interconnection layer. The step cover layers include first and second transparent insulation layers(410,430). The first transparent insulation layer covers the light emitting cells to insulate the metal interconnection layer from the light emitting cells. The second transparent insulation layer is interposed between the metal interconnection layer and the metal reflection layer.


The purpose of the article is to study the world marketing experience of the hospitality industry, to define the concept of hospitality and the hospitality indus- try. The object of research is the hospitality of the company's tourism activities. The subject of research is marketing in the hospitality industry. The method- ological foundations of the study are the following methods: historicism, systems approach, analysis and synthesis. The scientific novelty is that in this article the marketing of the hospitality industry is defined as a set of initiated and controlled marketing tools that are used to provide an atmosphere of hospitality as part of the market attractiveness of the service. Conclusions. Thanks to the study of the terms "hospitality industry", it can be argued that the scientific literature provides many definitions, but a consensual, single definition has not yet been formulated. It is also determined that the marketing complex for hospitality companies should be understood as a set of basic elements involved in the formation of marketing programs of enterprises, which can be key factors in the success of the institution and which must be controlled to respond to target markets, achieve competitive advantage and increase demand hospitality services.


Background: The presence of an immature foetal lung is linked to a variety of negative consequences, including respiratory distress syndrome. (RDS). The ability to continue or postpone birth is frequently the deciding factor efficiently assess lung maturity in the foetus. Aim of the work: To evaluate the value of assessment of amniotic fluid using ultrasonography in predicting fetal lung maturity and its impact on fetal outcome. Patients and methods: This prospective cohort study included three hundred pregnant women. They were later divided into two groups; RDS group and non-RDS group. Results: Our results indicated the presence of a significant distinction between RDS group as well as non -RDS group regarding gestational age (P value=0.0005). However, there was no statistically significant difference regarding maternal age, gravidity, parity and abortion among RDS & non-RDS fetuses (P value > 0.05). Regarding the fetal biometric measurements, our results indicated a statistically significant decrease in the values of fetal biometric measurements including BPD, FL and AC among RDS group in comparison with the non-RDS group (P value < 0.001). Conclusion: Ultrasound parameters including proximal tibial epiphysis (PTE) followed by distal femoral epiphysis (DFE) then amniotic fluid free floating particles (FFP) are precise predictors in the assessment of RDS with varying degrees of performance.


This is a story of research synthesis and Islamic archeology that we occurred on a geographical area North East Moroccan Taza, Debdou, Taourirt and the region. This is the first such research in Islamic archeology in this part of Morocco. Thus, this research fits into a larger perspective. It is the establishment of an archaeological map of the area, itself part of a vast archaeological program throughout Morocco. We evoked at first, the most famous monuments of the city of Taza, dating back to the Middle Ages namely religious architecture represented by the Grand Mosque and other monuments and defensive architecture through its ramparts and bastion. The second part of this article will focus on the medieval archaeological site of the city of Debdou and its components: the qasba and the mosque and the medieval town of Qasba Taourirt and the most important historical monuments of the city. We approach then the other historical monuments, little known which are very important on the architectural and heritage level, the medieval Qasba called "Merada" near the town of Guercif and Qasba Alouite called "Msoun", to 25 km east of the city of Taza on the national road linking Fez to Oujda. In this research special attention was given to the cartographic, graphic and photographic documentation.


Nephthea are soft coral species rich in sesquiterpenoids and steroids. An organic extract of Nephthea sp. resulted in the isolation of a new steroid (1), as well as several previously reported metabolites (2–9). Structures were elucidated by employing NMR and HR-EI-MS analyses. The total extract, fractions and purified compounds exhibited differential cytotoxicity against the breast cancer MCF-7 cell line.


Peptides are a growing class of therapeutics (1, 2) and defined by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a polymer composed of 40 or fewer amino acid residues regardless of source or origin of the drug (3). Peptides can adopt higher order structures (HOS) that include secondary, tertiary, and quaternary (i.e., oligomers in solution) structural forms. HOS is a physical quality attribute of formulated peptides (4). An equilibrium may exist between different HOS forms including conformational exchange between folded and unfolded states and between monomeric and oligomeric states (5). Recently, two generic peptide drug products, glucagon for injection and calcitonin-salmon injection, were approved for the US market in addition to the previously approved generic calcitonin-salmon nasal spray product (6). Both peptide hormones illustrate the complexity of peptide HOS. For example, calcitonin-salmon exists in a mostly unfolded state in water and forms a relatively stable amphipathic α-helix structure in the presence of micelles (7). By contrast, glucagon forms a partial α-helix in equilibrium with the unfolded structure (8), tends to oligomerize as a helical bundle (9), and further aggregates to form a β-sheet amyloid fibril structure in acidic buffer (10). Clearly, peptide HOS and aggregation propensity are affected by pH, salts, or excipients present in the formulation (11, 12) and are of interest because the aggregates may present an immunogenicity risk (13). Thus, peptide HOS present as formulated in drug products should be characterized and controlled to maintain therapeutic efficacy and mitigate risk of adverse effects (14). During assessment of generic drug applications, the similarity in HOS state between a proposed generic product and its reference listed drug (RLD) product should be demonstrated to provide assurance of generic drug efficacy and safety (15). Because nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been the only atomic resolution spectroscopic method to derive three-dimensional structure of peptides in solution, it serves as a state-of-the-art approach for HOS similarity measurement. This note provides recommendations regarding drug product (DP) NMR data submission and the scientific rationale underlying the assessment.


Abstract : The product approach developed herein has excellent potential as a training tool for various RADARs. It provides an operator interface with the actual on site RADAR hardware. There is some minimum modification that is done to the RADAR system to accept the RSG. Due to the flexibility of die RSG output, RADAR signal injection can be made anywhere from the RF front end (after the 1st LNA), through various points in the IF processing chain, all the way to selected points in the digital processing. Additionally, The RSG serves as a performance verification tool for RADAR hardware as it lives out its life cycle. As the hardware or operational software receives upgrades, the RSG can be applied as a final checkout prior to live engagement. The benefit of using the RSG is that the RADAR environment is electronically synthesized, and therefore is exactly repeatable. The RADAR performance improvement then can be assessed objectively as the RADAR goes through its upgrade cycles. The Multispectral High Fidelity RADAR Scene Generator represents a portable and comprehensive test and training environment for the Navy's RADAR assets. Additionally, the option of providing a RADAR evaluation service for other RADAR sponsors becomes available, where the Navy can maintain a center that could assist other RADAR users in the evaluation of RADAR assets and training of operators.


Lubricant or oil is a chemical substance, which is generally given fluid between the two moving objects to reduce friction. The need for lubricants in Indonesia continues to increase along with the development of technology of motor vehicles, especially motor scooter. Low quality lubricants when used in the engine will be easily damaged or decomposes. Therefore, it is necessary to prove the performance of both mineral and synthetic lubricants with a road test. In this research, test (road test) against two samples matic lubricant SAE 10W-30 API SL JASO MA with distinction mineral and synthetic base materials and additives are the same. Road tests conducted up to 6000 km during a 15-day trip from Jakarta to Bandung. From the road test results showed a decrease in viscosity and TBN values were fairly stable. The content of metal wear is very good, no damage of components and lubricant consumption slightly. This indicates that the performance is comparable with mineral lubricants synthetic lubricant additive which when added to the quality and appropriate use of lubricating the motor manufacturer's recommendations.


AUTHOR'S NOTE: The author is indebted to the U. S. Public Health Service for use of material from a larger manuscript produced for contract No. PH-86-66-120 ("Resource Materials on Health and Social Well-being in the Environment of the Metropolitan Region") with the Center for Planning Research and Development, University of California, Berkeley. · Violence and disorder are the last remaining mortal threats to urbanism as a way of life. Cities, it must be reiterated, have been death traps from the beginning of history until the start of this century. If cities were not pillaged, raped, and burned, or torn asunder by revolutionaries, they would be reduced by famine, or visited by one pestilence after another, so that deaths on the average remained significantly more numerous than births. Urban centers grew primarily because the overflow from the countryside had to find some outlet, and powerful cities occupied the more accessible sites between the landless farmers and the available new land. Thus urban


ES Mater. Manuf., 2018, 2, 1–1 | 1 © Engineered Science Publisher LLC 2018 Nanocomposites have been widely studied for their dramatically improved properties, such as mechanical strength, thermoelectric performance, chemical reactivity, and optical properties. With new materials and nanomanufacturing techniques, new opportunities are further introduced to this long-running research direction. This issues have multiple interesting papers dedicated to this important topic. For mechanical properties, Hu et al. (DOI: 10.30919/esmm5f158) demonstrated the use of hydroxide (Ca(OH) ) nano-spherulites (CNS) 2


The invention discloses a method for improving the anti-radiation capability of a BOTDR. According to the characteristics that loss of sensing fibers is increased and the action range of Brillouin backward scattering light signals is decreased in the radiation environment, a light pulse sequence is input to the radiated fiber at interval, so that the radiated fiber is full of the light pulse sequence at interval, the Brillouin backward scattering light signals of higher signal to noise ratio are obtained in the interval segments, splicing recombination and matrix transformation coding are carried out on the signals collected in the interval segments, and system response to the whole fiber is obtained. The temperature or strain is sensed according to the relation between Brillouin frequency shift and the frequency/strain. The invention also discloses a system for improving the anti-radiation capability of the BOTDR. The fiber is full of the light pulse sequence at interval, so that the input power is improved, fiber loss caused by radiation is reduced, and the anti-radiation capability of the fiber is improved. Adverse influence caused by fiber loss is avoided, and the anti-radiation capability of the BOTDR system is improved.


Acknowledgements I thank the following museum curators and staff for all their assistance while working in the collections under their care: Paul Sweet and Mary LeCroy (American Museum of Natural History); Gerald Mayr (Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main) and Malgorzata Adamczewska (Museum and Institute of Zoology, Warsaw). I also thank Robert Prŷs-Jones and Paul Salaman of the Natural History Museum/Project Biomap for the opportunity to visit the above-mentioned museums.


Introduction. The pharyngeal extension of the parotid gland is an extension of the gland from the deep face of the parotid gland to the pharyngeal wall. This extension explains the spread of parotid pathology to the parapharyngeal space and the infratemporal fossa. Materials and method. We present the clinical case of a 54-year-old female patient with a left parotid gland tumor with three previous surgeries, with recurrence at less than one year after surgery. The cervical MRI examination revealed a multiloculated tumor with extension at the left infratemporal fossa. We complemented the classical surgical approach with a transmandibular approach for the radical ablation of the tumor. The histopathology result was capillary hemangioma. Discussion. We update some notions of surgical anatomy about the infratemporal fossa and discuss the particular aspects of the tumor extension in the presented case. We also discuss the histological particularities of the operated tumor. Conclusions. Large tumors of the parotid gland may also involve pharyngeal extension of the gland. High-performance imaging is required for the correct assessment of tumor extension. A planning of the surgical approach is necessary, and the transmandibular approach can widen the access for a radical ablation of such a tumor.


The corrosion behavior of tin electrode in 0.6 M NaCl solution as well as the effect of addition aqueous extract of licorice root were investigated using potentiodynamic techniques. It was found that the inhibition efficiency increases as the concentration of extract is increased. The inhibitive action of the extract was interpreted in view of adsorption of the extract components at the tin surface. The results showed that the adsorption follows Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The negative value of free energy of adsorption suggests a spontaneous process. Moreover, the addition of licorice root extract increases the resistance of tin toward pitting corrosion.