This research isintended to find out Effectiveness of Inquiry Based Learning Method to Increase Students Critical Thinking Speaking Skill SMA Parulian 2 Medan. This research is conducted by applying Quantitative Experimental research. The sample of this research is two classes that consist 60 students which were selected by using random sampling technique. The first group is class XI MIA 2 (consist of 30 students) as a experimental class and class XI IPS 1 (consist of 30 students) as a control group. The instrument used for collecting the data is by giving the students speaking test. The test consist of pre-test, and post-test. The data was analyzed by using t-test formula in order to see wheter Inquiry Based Learning Method affects Students� Speaking skill or not. The result of the analysis showed that t-observed is 4,43 higher than t-table 1,671 at level significance 0,05 with the degree of freedom 58. It means that alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted and null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected. Therefore there is significant affect of Inquiry Based Learning Method on Students�s Speaking Skill of Eleventh Grade at SMA Parulian 2 Medan. Therefore Inqury Based Learning Method can be applied by English Teacher in teaching speaking skill.


In the light of JPEG image document structure characteristics,a technique of document information hiding is proposed,which put the digital copyright information into the application data or after the compression data.It is proved that this technique has attained the concealment well,and the quantity of information hiding is not limited.


Flood magnitude and frequency values are presented for the Franklin Pond tributary at the culvert at milepost 32.2 of New Jersey Route 23, Franklin Borough, New Jersey. The values were determined by using New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Special Report 38 method. A description of the drainage-basin characteristics also is included in this report. The 100-year-flood estimate is 218 cubic feet per second.


This paper intends to use DYNAFORM software to simulate deep drawing process of cone cage sheet metal and the cause of defects.Optimizing the mold structure or process parameters reduce or avoid the generation of these defects,and to improve the forming properties and efficiency,thus to ensure the cone cage to keep deep drawing quality and low cost.


Abstract Recent acoustic analyses of fundamental frequency contours of both lef hemisphere damaged aphasic patients and right-hemisphere damaged non-aphasic patients have provided new data to further our understanding of brain and language mechanisms. The literature, however, is complex and even, in certain aspects, somewhat contradictory. This article attempts to assess the present 'state-of-the-art' of such studies, in order to provide a framework for directing future research.


This paper designs a new-type method of troubleshooting and realizing single-phase grounding fault line on multiple branches of 10kV lines.It is to measure zero sequence current on each line by electric energy metering module CS5463,and compares their relative amount to judge the specific location of single-phase grounding fault.The results of experiments demonstrate that the proposed method improves the accuracy of judging the single-phase grounding fault.


A simulation technique is applied to evaluate the performance of an optical manufacturing system, in order to discover: the requirements for human resources, the lead time of a complete batch, the utilisation or stations, the throughput time, and the effect of reduction in batch size on the resources and lead time. It is the intention of the company to implement the system in the near future. This paper discusses some of the techniques used to develop a faithful model for this system, and the benefits of applying simulation in analysing manufacturing systems.


The current stability of Western Europe appears likely to continue but is by no means guaranteed. The probable stable future is neither grim nor inspiring, but it is preferable to the instability that could be brought about by gambling for a more inspiring outcome. The key to post-Cold-War security and stability lies in economics, and Western Europe needs faster economic growth and lower unemployment. Indeed, if the signs portend downturn rather than accelerated growth, internal instability may become a major problem for the European Union and some of its member states. Economics is also the key to eastward expansion of EU; the former Communist states are likely to become members only as their economies converge with those of the West. In the meantime, NATO may prove a more flexible organization for tying these states to the west and assuring their security. In general, however, Western Europe and the United States should be wary of damaging NATO by trying to improve it in the abstract. Continued U.S. participation in Europe is vital, as is taking care not to damage this relationship in the name of transitory moral or political objectives.


(57) Abstract: high ductility material of the blank (12 ') is rotatable about a tool axis (L), placed centered on the tool axis (L) and perpendicular thereto along the tool axis (L) It is formed by a pair of thin fins apart using a forming tool (18) comprising a flat circular forming discs spaced (19) tightly (14) arranged side by side at fixed intervals a surface that. Forming tool (18) is caused to the rotation and cyclic motion on the surface of the blank (12 '), whereas to maintain a constant placement and axial position relative to blank. The forming tool is placed against the blank (12 ') at right angles to the tool axis (L), during the cyclic motion of the forming tool (18), the peripheral portions of the forming disks (19) progressively to enter the blank (12 ') inside, so as to form a flat fins (14) flows in the gap separating the blank material forming disk (19).


Kungahalla was the southernmost town in medieval Norway. The site, now in Sweden, is about 2 kmwest of today's Kungalv. Kungahalla occupies a significant place in the oldest written sources, the Norse sagas, where we have a glimpse of the important role that the town played in early medieval Norwegian society. Opinions have been divided as to how far back this role can he taken, but there is no certain written information before the first half of the twelfth century. The written sources nevertheless tell us that royal influence over the town was considerable. Kungahalla is first mentioned as one of six civitates in Norway in 1130, by the English historian Ordericus Vitalis. Kungahalla was the site of the first monastery to be founded in Bohuslan, Kastellekioster, an Augustinian house in all probability founded in the 1160s under the auspices of Archbishop Eystein. In the latter half of the thirteenth century a Franciscan friary was also built, mentioned for the first time in 1272. An important structure is the fortress on Ragnhildsholmen in Nordre Alv, completed by 1257 At the end of the nineteenth century, Wilhelm Berg investigated the ruins of the RagnhiIdsholmen fortress and a few years later the Augustinian friary, as well as parts of the town. A small-scale investigation of the Augustinian friary also took place in 1942. In the 1950s there were excavations of the Franciscan friary, when parts of a churchyard withthe remains of a surrounding wall were documented. In addition, parts of yet another churchyard with its wall remains were investigated in 1958. There was no concerted picture of the archaeological history of the place until publication no. 29 of the Medieval Town Project. During the 1980s the possibility of conducting new archaeological investigations within the area ofthe old town arose once again. After trial digs in 1985, a programme was drawn up for a project, the main aim of which was to determine the character of Kungahalla in the period up to the thineenth-century expansion. It is reasonable to regard the investigations of Kungahalla as part of the broad range of urban investigations geared to the Early Middle Ages in Scandinavia. What makes the Kungahalla Project particularly interesting is, of course, the geographical location of the town, along with the problems associated with the concept of urbanization that the archaeological findings have clearly demonstrated.There are several circumstances in the early development which, in our opinion, make it very interesting to formulate a more ambiguous concept of urbanization than scholars have previously workedwith. Ordericus mentions a civitas in the mid-1130s, but what did it look like, and what functions did it have? Was it a town in whatever sense we mean by the concept of town? Or is it the case that urbanization can stand for a much broader process, or be a narrow part of a much broader process for which we should use some other term? In the book we present the results of the investigations, also including a couple of more analytical sections (chapters 9 and 10) which sum up the findings and try to put them in a broader context, while also providing a point of departure for continued discussion. (Less)


> 'Lucas [real identity hidden] came through the training session yesterday with no issues. It is now ten weeks since his posterior shoulder repair (non-dominant) and he is pushing to play this Saturday, but his goalkeeper coach says he still looks apprehensive at full stretch and when he has to react or land from a dive. Clinically, his shoulder instability tests are all normal and he has full range of motion. Upper body strength in the gym and all grip strength and hand-held dynamometer scores are back to preinjury levels.

> However, there remain meaningful differences in peak landing force when he performs a plyometric push up (17% offload asymmetry), and the 'ASH test' shows a 23% lower rate of force development in a T-position on the affected left shoulder (445 N/s vs 580 N/s, table 1). This suggests that when he has to stabilize quickly, his shoulder is not ready yet. In my opinion he is a risk for the weekend.'

View this table:

Table 1
Shoulder strength tests

At present, there are few objective markers to support return to performance decisions in athletes following shoulder operation or injury.1 2 The athlete with a shoulder injury requires a testing protocol that is appropriately challenging, yet sensitive enough to inform decisions along the full return to play …


National judicial examination offers favorable opportunity of the development of legal education in China.However,at the present stage,problems still exist:miscellaneous layers of legal education make it difficult to meet the requirements of legal personnel and the over-expansion of the scale of legal education reduces the professional quality of legal workers.We believe that successful legal education reform must rest on a reduced scale and higher level,and on standardized education channels and scientific content.


Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) is a safe and effective method for detecting lesions in the colon. However, the sensitivity of CCE in detecting advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been sufficiently evaluated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the sensitivity of CCE in detecting advanced CRC.


To define what cumpus culture is,we must first know what culture is,culture is the product of human society,it has generalized and special ones,this thesis analyses generalized campus culture.


Surgical site infection (SSI) is a burden to the patient and family as it extends the number of days spent in the ward post-surgery. This study assessed the perception of factors associated with surgical site infection among nurses in selected hospitals in Ondo State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional design was utilized for the study. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 100 respondents for the study. Data was collected using a self-constructed questionnaire. Data obtained were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS version 22. Results were summarized using frequency tables and charts. Results showed that the prevalence of surgical site infection among postoperative patients was 47%, with approximately 20% mortality rate. Also, the study showed that 88% of the respondents have high knowledge of SSI. Preventive practices adopted against SSI among respondents were: skin preparation using alcohol (76%), hand washing before wound care (92%), aseptic technique (80%), assessment of surgical site (89%), antibiotics usage (89%) and use of surgical mask (98%); overall, 97% of the respondents showed good level of preventive practice. The study showed a significant relationship between knowledge and preventive practice of SSI among respondents (X2= 20.20, df=4, p < 0.05). Also, there was a significant relationship between the duration of surgery and SSI among postoperative patients (X2 = 18.21, df=3, p < 0.05). The study concludes that SSI is well known among the respondents. However, the identified factors seem to contribute to the increase in SSI among the patients the respondents cared for.


1. Determine if there are current parenting factors that are associated with the inter-generational transmission of parenting styles. 2. Develop a reliable survey instrument 3. Increase the knowledge for professionals who are able to inform parents on how to avoid transference of negative parenting styles that affect child development. ParticipantsN=13: 12 females, 1 male from a Northwestern Wisconsin Childcare Center. Research DesignNon-random pilot study, Cross sectional, Purposive and Snowball sampling. Data Collection InstrumentIRB approved survey, informed by literature & theory, implied consent. Questionnaires administered by the Childcare Center Director with demographic questions and 12 closed ended statements based on a 1-5 Likert Scale. Data Analysis PlanCleaned & coded survey, analyzed data using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS); frequencies, mean-comparisons, and correlations.


Please cite this paper as: Kuc S, Wortelboer E, Koster M, de Valk H, Schielen P, Visser G. Prediction of macrosomia at birth in type‐1 and 2 diabetic pregnancies with biomarkers of early placentation. BJOG 2011;118:748–754.


Early produced water treatment technologies were developed before carbon dioxide emissions and hazardous waste discharge were recognised as operational priority. These technologies are deficient in the removal of dissolved hydrocarbons and dissolved heavy metal ions which have been identified as major contributors to the high environmental impact factor of produced water. The simultaneous removal of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) from produced water via photoelectrochemical process was identified in this work as a produced water treatment alternative with the potential to virtually eliminate the cost for chemical reagents and high energy input.

Several grades of simulated produced water were synthesised and used to understand different parameters necessary for developing a successful photoelectrochemical treatment. The process demonstrated in this work followed a simple two–electrode photoelectrochemical cell where heavy metals were recovered on a platinum electrode with simultaneous degradation of PAH (phenanthrene) on a photoanode, with the aid of sunlight (simulated) and an applied cell voltage of 1.0 V. Multiwall CNT-TiO2 synthesised via a modified sol-gel method served as the photoanode after it was immobilised at a loading of 2.5 mg/cm2 on a titanium plate. The results obtained from the photoelectrochemical treatment showed a recovery of 1.6 g/cm2 of lead, 0.2 g/cm2 of copper and 0.1 g/cm2 of nickel from produced water on a 0.1 cm diameter platinum electrode after 24 hours of irradiation with simulated sunlight at 1.0 V cell voltage and a simultaneous degradation of up to 16 % phenanthrene on the photoanode, which gives a potential of scaling up the process to a commercial throughput.


The invention relates to therapeutic COMPOSITIONS DERIVED FROM 1,3-dihydro-aminomethyl-6-HYDROXY 7 furo (3,4-c) pyridine of the formula I GENERAL (CF DRAWING IN BOPI) IN WHICH EACH OF A AND REGARDLESS, REPRESENTED OTHER Substituents. PRESENT SAME, INCLUDING ANTI-ALLERGIC ACTIVITY.


The paper covers some of the most important advances in accuracy improvements of the VHF Omnirange made over the last 14 years. The development of the conventional VOR transmitting antenna is described. By means of a universal ground calibration technique the omnibearing error has been minimized and made essentially uniform from station to station at the VOR facilities. The problems of siting VOR stations are described. The developments of the Doppler VOR and the muitilobe precision VOR have been conducted to minimize siting errors. The area of tower VOR facilities is introduced as a possible solution to siting errors, particularly siting errors not amenable to Doppler VOR and muitilobe precision VOR techniques. The reduction of the parasitic currents of the Doppler VOR antenna system is outlined. Advances in the simulation of Doppler VOR antenna rotation results in less spurious sideband components. A short discussion is presented on single-sideband vs. double-sideband Doppler VOR operation.


Introduction Nancy Sorkin RabinowitzImag(in)ing a Women's World in Bronze Age Greece: The Frescoes from Xeste 3 at Akrotiri, Thera Paul RehakAphrodite Garlanded: Eros and Poetic Creativity in Sappho and Nossis Marilyn B. Skinner University of ArizonaSubjects, Objects, and Erotic Symmetry in Sappho's Fragments Ellen GreeneExcavating Female Homoeroticism in Ancient Greece: The Evidence from Attic Vase Painting Nancy Sorkin RabinowitzWomen in Relief: "Double Consciousness" in Classical Attic Tombstones John G. Younger Duke UniversityGlimpses through a Window: An Approach to Roman Female Homoeroticism through Art Historical and Literary Evidence Lisa AuangerOvid's Iphis and Ianthe: When Girls Won't Be Girls Diane T. Pintabone University of southern CaliforniaLucian's "Leaena and Clonarium": Voyeurism or a Challenge to Assumptions? Shelley P. Haley Hamilton College"Friendship and Physical Desire": The Discourse of Female Homoeroticism in Fifth-Century CE Egypt Terry G. Wilfong University of MichiganWorks CitedNotes on ContributorsIndex


In this study, ground based image sequences of the sky will be evaluated to analyse the cloud coverage. These images are taken in the visual and infrared spectrum. The main ambition is to determine the cloud coverage without the knowledge of additional measurements (like temperature or precipitable water vapor). The determination of the cloud coverage is deduced from camera images only. In the visual spectrum, methods from literature are extended according to this application. For example, the ratio of the color channels red and blue is formed. In the infrared spectral range a method is developed that can distinguish the cloud-covered from the cloudless image areas by using the maximum and minimum occurring values in the image. The grey values are parameterised using statistical boundary values in such a way that a temperature relationship is unambiguously possible and consequently a statement about the degree of coverage can be made by the algorithm. The determination of the cloud coverage reaches a higher accuracy and reliability in the infrared spectral range.


An improved CTAB extract protocol was developed to isolate total RNA in good yield and integrity from Ginkgo biloba root,stalk,leaf and fruit containing high levels of carbohydrates and polyphenolic secondary metabolites weight.At least two distinct 28S and 18S rRNA distinct major bands were detected by denaturing gel electrophoresis,and the sharpness of 28S bands was twice than 18S of bands.A260/A230 ultraviolet radiation absorbancy ratios of RNA isolate from Ginkgo biloba root,stalk,leaf and fruit were 1.9,1.4,2.1,1.7 and A260/A280 ultraviolet radiation absorbancy ratios were 1.8,2.0,2.3,1.8 and the yield were 78μg/g,69μg/g,150μg/g,90μg/g fresh weight.A Ginkgo biloba house keeping gene fragment: the 150 bp sequence of 18S gene was successfully amplified by RT-PCR,suggesting the integrity of isolated RNA.The total RNA isolated by this protocol is of sufficient quality for subsequent molecular applications.


The technology for the separation of Zr and Hf is generally classified into pyrome\| tallurgical technology and hydrometallurgical technology. In this paper, MIBK\|HCNS process, TOA process, TBP\|HCl\|HNO\-3 process and improved N235\|H\-2SO\-4 process were underlined, which are included in solvent extraction, a hydrometallurgical technology. Zr and Hf are mainly used in the nuclear industry, thus the development of Zr and Hf industry is closely linked to the nuclear industry. Strengthening the research on the technology for the separation of Zr and Hf is of important strategic significance for the development of the production of Zr and Hf materials and enhancement of the nuclear power and national defence industries in China.


Abstract Calcium hydroxide is a slow-acting antiseptic substance used in several forms for the last century in various fields of dentistry. Its applications in endodontics are by far the most meaningful including the treatment of root resorptions and perforations, inducing the apexification process, and most importantly as intracanal medicaments representing a crucial step in the nonsurgical management of large periapical lesions. The aim of this article is to conduct a review of the properties, antimicrobial effect, combination with adjuvant substances, biocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and adverse effects of calcium hydroxide-based dressings as an additional manoeuvre in the conservative treatment of chronic apical periodontitis and to draw attention on the importance of this extra step.


Four kinds of crystalline phase LixZryOz compounds with high purity are synthesized by high-temperature solid-state reaction,and the influences of different reagents,calcination temperatures and calcination time on the LixZryOz synthesis are also studied systematically. XRD,SEM and BET are employed to analyse the crystal phase structures,morphologies and surface area of the final products respectively. The experimental results indicate that monoclinic phase Li2ZrO3 could be produced with Li2CO3 and commercial ZrO2 at suitable conditions,tetragonal phase Li2ZrO3 and triclinic/monoclinic phase Li6Zr2O7 with LiOH and ZrO2; Further,with the substitution of ZrO2 by Zr(NO3)4·5H2O,the re-crystallization time for monoclinic phase Li6Zr2O7 is remarkably shortened from 96 h to 24 h. SEM images show that the particle radii range within 1~10 μm with serious agglomeration; The BET analysis shows that the surface area of products distributes between 1.0 m2·g-1 and 9.0 m2·g-1. The superfluous lithium in initial reactants and high-temperature calcination resulted in the larger particle radio and serious agglomeration of the final products.


As the feature size of LSI shrinks, the cost of mask manufacturing and turn-around-time continue to increase. Maskless lithography using electron beam direct writing (EBDW) technology attracts attention. On the other hands, with continuous scaling and the introduction of low-k dielectrics in Cu interconnect technology, reliability degradation caused by time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) and electromigration has become important issues. Therefore, EBDW in backend process is needed to ensure superior patterning quality and reliability using high-accuracy proximity effect correction (PEC). We have already proposed a dose-modification strategy of EBDW considering reliability for TDDB degradation. In this paper, furthermore, we propose a shape-modification strategy of EBDW considering circuit performance in LSI interconnects for improving EB drawing throughput. We use effectively patterns with rounded corner in order to reduce EB shots increased by PEC and avoid the local high current density at the corner of metal lines. We applied the proposed method to a microprocessor layout synthesized with the Nangate 45nm Open Cell Library. As a result, the drawn pattern by corner rounding and coarse dose adjustment achieved 2.5% higher throughput than that by no corner rounding and fine dose adjustment.


[Problem] Conventionally, the utility pole anchors may fall against strong winds, earthquakes, etc., or in places where the ground is loose. Therefore, there was a need to increase the anchor support strength. [Solution] The conventional anchor burial was just burying the anchor. The anchor embedment of the present invention uses a casing, rotates the anchor by rotating the casing, excavates and propels the ground, fixes it to a desired depth, and then flows cement milk from the upper end of the casing to fix the anchor. And it is an invention of a device that firmly solidifies the soil around the top of the anchor with cement milk. [Selection] Figure 1


In this paper, the optimal control of continuous-time nonlinear multi-agent systems with completely unknown dynamic is addressed via adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) technique. A NN identifier with filter variables is used to estimate the unknown dynamic system, and policy iteration (PI) algorithm is employed to get the optimal policies. In the implement of the algorithm, a NN based on data sampling and least-square method is adopted to approximate the value function weights, which can avoid solving the value function. Moreover, the two NNs work simultaneously, that is to say the optimal control policies can be calculated online and the actor NN can be removed. In particular, compared with the existing literatures, the state derivative is not necessary in the sampling process, and the implementation of the algorithm has enhanced. Finally, a simulation is given to illustrate the effectiveness and the whole process of the algorithm.


Abstract Feedstock behaviour during powder injection moulding (PIM), has a critical influence on the physical and mechanical properties of the final components. In order to quantify this behaviour, a rheological study has been performed using binary blends of stainless steel powders that exhibit various particle sizes, morphologies, and size distributions. The feedstocks were obtained by mixing the blended powders with a standard binder system, and their rheological properties were investigated using torque and capillary rheometry methods. The resulting data were employed to develop a neural network for advising on the selection of desirable solids loadings for the PIM feedstocks. The system asks the user to input the particle characteristics, blend composition, shear rate, and binder viscosity. By relating these input parameters to the recommended feedstock viscosity, the neural network enables the operator to identify the value of solids loading to be employed for production of optimal quality PIM components.


This paper presents a decision making model that uses a systematic approach to design; has as a driving force the needs and goals of a particular learning situation; is derived from traditional instructional system design models such as Kemp, Dick & Carey, and Romiszowski; and in addition addresses the potential impact of multimedia as a delivery system/learning tool. Presented in the form of a puzzle, the model is a series of eight interlocking pieces representing: (1) learner characteristics; (2) topics and tasks--content or task analysis; (3) objectives; (4) performance assessment--occurring in four levels of reaction, learning, changes, and long term results; (5) instructional activities; (6) media/delivery systems--integration of instructional design and media/delivery systems; (7) resources; (8) the central piece, the analysis phase, which defines the needs and goals of the situation. The entire process represented in the model is connected by continuous revision and evaluation, for which an instrument called Checklist for Multimedia Design has been developed suggesting questions that the instructional design team should ask. A Project Task Timeline has also been developed that defines the roles and responsibilities of team members and lists tasks that should be completed in the design phase. Figure 1 illustrates the model. (Contains 11 references.) (ALF) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Multimedia in Industry and Education: A Decision Model for Design by Lynne Reynolds, Ph.D. and Diane Ehrlich, Ph.D, Northeastern U.S. DEPARTMENT Of EDUCATION Onbce of Educabonal Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC, ch,s document has been reproduced as ecebred 'rote the person or organtzatton ortglnating rt fa.not changes have been made to ,rhorove reprock-Ronts Of opindr'S stated ,"'In.s Joc °. Tent do not neressar,,. represent ott.c.al DE faf oospon pr pour, Illinois University The need to develop life-long !earners has become increasingly urgent as we move into the twenty-first century. Technology and the move toward a global society demand continuous adaptation and change. Schools are under pressure from society to create a quality curriculum with additional components which go far beyond that which was expected fifteen or twenty years ago. In order to remain competitive industry is required to train individuals to work In particular environments and to upgrade skills and knowledge as new developments unfold. Fortune Magazine states that the most successful corporation of the 1990's "will be something called a learning organization, a consummately adaptive enterprise." Traditional methods of delivering training and education have had limited success in meeting the fast-paced and high-quality demands of learning environments today. Attracting and retaining culturally and academically diverse learners in schools today will be strongly influenced by the effectiveness of instructional delivery systems and whether or not learners can both relate to the material presented and see an almost immediate application for their learning. Multimedia can change the look and feel of learning by providing an opportunity to reach people with different learning styles, different skill levels, and in different geographical areas; multimedia offers the potential to reduce the learning curve and accelerate the learning process. Rather than being seen as expensive and frivolous, multimedia approaches may then be seen as an economic necessity both in industry and education. To be sure, there are situations where traditional approaches may actually be the preferred delivery system. It is also possible to become so enamored of a particular technology that the equipment itself becomes more important than the need for learning. In order to make an informed decision about the use of. multimedia, a systematic approach to design should be firmly in place and it should have as its driving force the needs and goals of a particular leaming situation. Figure 1 is a graphic representation of the design process in a puzzle form comprised of a series of interlocking pieces. The depiction of the process is not linear because of the reiterative nature of the process which may begin at almost any point. However, to be effective the process must be driven by clearly identified needs and goals, as with any good design model. This does not mean that the needs and goals may not shift as different pieces of the process are introduced, such as rapidly developing technology or budgetary constraints. The design model described here is derived from traditional instructional system design models (Kemp, Dick & Carey, Romiszowski); however, the potential impact of multimedia as a delivery system/learning tool was not often addressed as part of this process. It is apparent when looking at the possibilities multimedia has to offer that communication with experts in other disciplines will be vital to the success of a project. The very nature of multimedia creates a need foi interdisciplinary dialogue and a blurring of discipline lines. It is not only educators, trainers, performance technologists, and instructional designers who are interested, but computer programmers, video and audio production specialists, and marketing professionals who are actively involved. Members of this diverse team must have a common understanding of the instructional design process to make the best use of each unique orientation to multimedia. As each element in the model is addressed it is important to note that previously developed elements may need to be evaluated and then revised in light of new input. In the analysis phase of design a consideration of the problems that need to be solved through instruction should be systematics developed. The needs and goals may change as a project takes shape because tile primgry concern in this phase is clientcentered. In both school and organizational settings, the client's expectations are key to "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY BEST COPY AVAILABLE 4' Lynne D. Reynolds TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)."


To fully exploit the potential of quasars as probes of cosmic chemical evolution and the internal gas dynamics of galaxies it is important to understand the selection effects behind the quasar samples and in particular if the selection criteria exclude foreground galaxies with certain properties (most importantly a high dust content). Here we present spectroscopic follow-up from the 10.4-m GTC telescope of a dust-reddened quasar, eHAQ0111+0641, from the extended High A_V Quasar (HAQ) survey. We find that the z=3.21 quasar has a foreground Damped Lyman-alpha Absorber (DLA) at z=2.027 along the line of sight. The DLA has very strong metal lines due to a moderately high metallicity (with an inferred lower limit of 25% of the solar metallicity), but a very large gas column density along the line-of-sight in its host galaxy. This discovery is further evidence that there is a dust bias affecting the census of metals, caused by the combined effect of dust obscuration and reddening, in existing samples of z>2 DLAs. The case of eHAQ0111+0641 illustrates that dust bias is not only caused by dust obscuration, but also dust reddening.


The theory of the capillary behaviour of moist soil has been further amplified for the ideal case and its relationship to various soil properties considered. Over part of the moisture range which has been dealt with by other authors it is found that there are alternative forms for the water distribution. This appears to explain why some differences of opinion have been expressed regarding some of the main points presented in a previous paper. The theory is considered in relation to capillary rise in soils as well as to the problem of cohesion previously dealt with. It is shown that the moisture distribution attained by capillary rise can be inferred from simple direct measurement of the suction pressure. Various other experimental illustrations of the theoretical conclusions are introduced.


Many interactive online systems, such as social media platforms or news sites, provide personalized experiences through recommendations or news feed customization based on people's feedback and engagement on individual items (e.g., liking items). In this paper, we investigate how we can support a greater degree of user control in such systems by changing the way the system allows people to gauge the consequences of their feedback actions. To this end, we consider two important aspects of how the system responds to feedback actions: (i) immediacy, i.e., how quickly the system responds with an update, and (ii) visibility, i.e., whether or not changes will get highlighted. We used both an in-lab qualitative study and a large-scale crowd-sourced study to examine the impact of these factors on people's reported preferences and observed behavioral metrics. We demonstrate that UX design which enables people to preview the impact of their actions and highlights changes results in a higher reported transparency, an overall preference for this design, and a greater selectivity in which items are liked.


Through a memory I have tried to understand why this memory is important to me,even if it might not be true. What happens to a memory when someone says it has nothappened? Through Platon, Ricoeur a ...


Understanding peptidyl-tRNA and the enzymes responsible for recycling them has come from the ability to detect and quantify enzymatic peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis. The methods available to study removal of peptides from tRNA have evolved considerably. Radioactive [14C] amino acids were first implemented to monitor cleavage of the peptide-nucleotide ester bond of uniform peptidyl-tRNA substrates. Later, Northern blots with radiolabeled oligonucleotide probes were used to observe cleavage of specific peptidyl-tRNAs or individual tRNA from bulk peptidyl-tRNA populations. Finally, the use of fluorescently labeled amino acids was introduced, which could be coupled to anisotropy or PAGE readouts. Here we review the methods for quantification and analysis of enzymatic peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis and summarize their inherent advantages and disadvantages.


Introduction Bipolar disorder (BD) is a prevalent, often severe, and disabling illness that affects about 1-5% of the general population and has the highest risk of suicide among psychiatric disorders. Impulsivity and, emotion dysregulation have been emphasized due to their role in facilitating suicide acts among those with suicide ideation. Objectives This study aimed to examine the relationship between emotional dysregulation, impulsivity, and suicidality in patients with bipolar disorder by comparing bipolar patients with healthy individuals Methods The study included 85 patients (59 women, 26 men) with bipolar disorder and education and age-matched 65 (44 women, 21 men) healthy volunteers. The patient group was divided into 3 subgroups according to have suicide attempt history, have suicide ideation without attempt, and have neither suicide attempt nor ideation. Sociodemographic Form, The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11), Scale for Suicide Ideation, Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire scales were applied to the participants. Results Patients with bipolar disorder had significantly higher scores for emotion dysregulation and impulsivity than the healthy control group. A statistically significant correlation was found between emotion dysregulation, impulsivity, suicide ideation, and suicide behavior scores. DERS Total and Barratt Total scores were found higher for bipolar patients with suicide attempts than bipolar patients with suicide ideation and bipolar patients with neither attempt nor ideation. The hierarchical regression analysis has indicated that strategies, clarity, and non-planing impulsiveness were the predictors of suicide ideation in bipolar patients. Conclusions The results suggested a strong association between emotional dysregulation, impulsivity with suicide ideation, and behavior in patients with bipolar disorder. Disclosure No significant relationships.


Blockade of the TIGIT/CD155 checkpoint signaling pathway enhanced CD8+ T-cell effector function and antitumor responses in a transgenic HNSCC mouse model. PD-1/PD-L1 blockade increased TIGIT expression on Tregs, suggesting this combination for future studies to overcome immunosuppression. Immunosuppression is common in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In previous studies, the TIGIT/CD155 pathway was identified as an immune-checkpoint signaling pathway that contributes to the "exhaustion" state of infiltrating T cells. Here, we sought to explore the clinical significance of TIGIT/CD155 signaling in HNSCC and identify the therapeutic effect of the TIGIT/CD155 pathway in a transgenic mouse model. TIGIT was overexpressed on tumor-infiltrating CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in both HNSCC patients and mouse models, and was correlated with immune-checkpoint molecules (PD-1, TIM-3, and LAG-3). TIGIT was also expressed on murine regulatory T cells (Treg) and correlated with immune suppression. Using a human HNSCC tissue microarray, we found that CD155 was expressed in tumor and tumor-infiltrating stromal cells, and also indicated poor overall survival. Multispectral IHC indicated that CD155 was coexpressed with CD11b or CD11c in tumor-infiltrating stromal cells. Anti-TIGIT treatment significantly delayed tumor growth in transgenic HNSCC mouse models and enhanced antitumor immune responses by activating CD8+ T-cell effector function and reducing the population of Tregs. In vitro coculture studies showed that anti-TIGIT treatment significantly abrogated the immunosuppressive capacity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), by decreasing Arg1 transcripts, and Tregs, by reducing TGFβ1 secretion. In vivo depletion studies showed that the therapeutic efficacy by anti-TIGIT mainly relies on CD8+ T cells and Tregs. Blocking PD-1/PD-L1 signaling increased the expression of TIGIT on Tregs. These results present a translatable method to improve antitumor immune responses by targeting TIGIT/CD155 signaling in HNSCC.


Sol Plaatje's novel, Mhudi, first published by the Lovedale Press in 1930, has been subject to considerable critical attention, and now has canonical status in South Africa. The circumstances of its publication have also been seen as a cause célèbre of the way missionary presses, as gatekeepers, could subvert authors' intentions and exercise censorship. This case, in relation to Mhudi, was first made by Tim Couzens and Stephen Gray in 1978. They argued that an oral narrator had been removed from the 'original' text, thereby undermining its connection with the oral traditions upon which it drew, and thus changing the nature of the text as a whole, and that other textual changes had had the effect of 'emasculating' and 'diluting the original style' of the book. This view has remained largely unchallenged and accepted as conventional wisdom, providing the justification for a new edition of Mhudi (Heinemann African Writers, 1978; Penguin, 2005) that reverses some of the changes made, drawing upon a typescript in the Lovedale Press archives. In this article, I revisit the evidence and the assumptions underlying these arguments and conclude that there is nothing to suggest that changes made to the text were not entirely at the author's volition, and that Plaatje's role and agency as author, and that of the Lovedale Press as publisher, have been seriously misrepresented. I explore some of the broader issues raised, including the interaction of author, publisher and ideology, and also the ways in which interpreting 'author intention' can be subject to a range of external influences.


Nitrogen molecules inacapillary waveguide aretransiently aligned using intense laser pulses. Significant variations intheHHGyield areobserved asthe molecular axisdirection isvaried with respect tothepolarization anintense probe laser. ©2005 Optical Society ofAmerica OCIScodes: (020.4180) Multiphoton processes, (320.7120) Ultrafast phenomena


The economics of trade the theory of comparative advantage the sources of comparative advantage tariffs, quotas and VERs other distortions to trade the political economy of trade barriers unfair trade practices strategic trade policy economic integration saving, investment and the trade balance the balance of payments income, price levels and trade imbalances the foreign exchange market, exchange rates and the money supply interest rates, trade imbalances and capital flows international financial markets exchange rate adjustment international economic policy I international economic policy II foreign direct investment and multinational firms.


Th e methodology of environmental risk is becoming more common to assess the impact of chemical pollution on human beings and the environment, providing information for making environmental remediation decisions. Th is article examines the impact on human health chemicals that penetrated into river water as a result of an accident at a military ammunition depot. Th e river is the source of drinking water for the population. Assessing the impact of chemicals on the health of adults, adolescents and children is carried out in stages (tiers), from simple to complex. Assessment is carried out both for carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic substances. Th e fi rst tier is executed by a deterministic method – a method in which all biological, chemical, physical, and environmental parameters are assumed to be constant and can be accurately specifi ed. Deterministic methods commonly apply to either a "most likely" value for a parameter, or a conservative value. When the obtained values are insuffi cient for making the decision, the second tier of a risk assessment begins. Th e values in this case have the form of probability distributions that determine their variability. Processing the risk model with the help of the one-dimensional Monte Carlo method gives more accurate data in the form of risk distribution. However, the method does not consider the lack of knowledge about the values of input variables, so, at the third tier of a risk assessment, the two-dimensional Monte Carlo method is used. In this case, the specifi ed values of risk look like trend charts and indicate the limits of probability of risk for a certain percentage of the population.


The reaction of arsonium ylides(1)with aryl azide at room temperature gave
the corresponding olefinic triazenes(2a,b)and enamines(2c~f and 3),respectively.
Thus the reaction is similar to that of sulfonium ylides but not of phosphonium ylides.
All products have been identified through elemental analyses,IR and 1H NMR.


The biological value of protein as determined by the Mitchell method (Mitchell, 1923-4a; Mitchell & Carman, 1926), at a constant dietary level of protein, is influenced by age (Henry & Kon, 1957) and body-weight (Bell & Loosli, 1951) of the experimental animals. For the same protein source the biological value may vary from one experiment to another (Henry & Kon, 1956) and also between periods within one experiment (Bartlett, Henry, Kon, Osborne, Thompson & Tinsley, 1938). If the dietary level of protein was varied, the biological value decreased with increasing protein content (Mitchell, 1923-4b). Despite these shortcomings of the method, the biological value of a protein source is often considered one of its characteristics. A shortened version of the Mitchell method was worked out and compared with the original. It was hoped that the influence of time factors would be reduced when the new version was used. This hope was substantiated in experiments with two herring meals as test proteins. It was found that the growth rate of the rats accounted for a great part of the variation in the biological value observed for each herring meal. This effect was mainly due to a close relationship between the growth rate and the urinary excretion of nitrogen. The food intake and the protein content were kept constant in these experiments. The influence of these variables is discussed by Njaa (1959).


In transition metal dichalcogenides the spin-orbit interaction affects differently the conduction and valence band energies as functions of $k$ and the band gap is large. Consequently, when a perpendicular magnetic field $B$ is applied the conduction and valence band Landau levels are also different and this leads to a splitting of the interband optical absorption lines in both the absence and presence of an external electric field $E_{z}$. When $B$ and $E_{z}$ are present the peaks in the imaginary part of the Hall conductivity give two distinct contributions of opposite sign to the interband spectrum. The real part of the right- and left-handed interband conductivity, however, retains its two-peak structure but the peaks are shifted in energy and amplitude with respect to each other in contrast with graphene. The response of the intraband conductivity is significantly modified when the Fermi energy $E_{F}$ and the field $B$ are varied. Its optical spectral weight is found to increase with $E_{F}$ in contrast with the decrease observed in graphene. Further, the position and amplitude of the intraband response depends on the field $B$. The absorption peaks vary linearly with $B$ for all fields similar to bilayer graphene for low fields but in contrast with the high-field $\sqrt{B}$ dependence in it.


Abstract This paper seeks to explain the kinds of research that has been carried out on news agencies; the main foci of interest in news agency research and what new issues have arisen that require attention. The author also makes a case for the setting up of a research centre to facilitate better research into news agencies.


Accurate estimation of fuel consumption and emissions is crucial for assessing the impact of materials and stringent emission control techniques on climate change, particularly in the transportation industry, which accounts for a significant portion of global greenhouse gases and hazardous pollutants emissions. To address these concerns, the government of Canada has collected a large sensor-based dataset containing detailed information on 7384 light-duty vehicles from 2017 to 2021, with the goal of reducing CO2 emissions by 40–45% by 2030. To this end, various researchers worldwide have developed vehicle emissions and consumption models to comply with these targets and achieve the Canadian government's ambitious objectives. In this work, we propose the development of boosting and other regression models to predict carbon dioxide emissions for light-duty vehicle designs, with the aim of creating ensemble learning models that leverage vehicle specifications to forecast emissions. Our proposed boosting model is capable of accurately predicting CO2 emissions, even with only one car attribute as input. Moreover, our regression models, in conjunction with the boosting algorithm, can effectively make predictions from various vehicle inputs. Our proposed technique, categorical boosting (Catboost), provides critical insights into transportation-generated air pollution, offering valuable recommendations for both vehicle users and manufacturers. Importantly, Catboost performs data processing in less time and with less memory than other algorithms proposed in the literature. Future research efforts should focus on developing higher performance models and expanding datasets to further improve the accuracy of predictions.


We have studied the presence of a gap of forbidden c/a values for the hexagonal crystal structure of TbNiAl and GdNiAl, appearing in the whole family of the RTAl compounds (R-rare earth, T-transition metal). TbNiAl and GdNiAl both exhibit a first-order structural transition at low temperatures around 100 K and 205 K, respectively. We have for the first time studied this structural step upon application of hydrostatic pressure on both compounds. An unusually rapid decrease of the critical temperature with pressure was found. The decrease is furthermore steeper for GdNiAl in which the transition appears at higher temperature at ambient pressure. Common property for both studied compounds is preference of the c/a ratio below the critical forbidden interval after application of pressure, due to weaker interplanar chemical bonding in the layered ZrNiAl-type of crystal structure.


An investigation was undertaken to determine the effects of water deprivation during meals in rats. Food intake, gastrointestinal solids water content, rate of digestion and tissue water content we...


The authors examine how the change from Calgary Land Use Bylaw 2P80 to Calgary Land Use Bylaw 1P2007 will affect the siting of homeless shelters in Calgary. The analysis of barriers and facultative mechanisms to siting shelters under each bylaw was based on a review of the land use bylaws, documents describing approvals and development processes, siting precedents, plus key informant interviews with city planners, local politicians and facility siters, as well as a focus group of community association representatives to provide the viewpoints of major stakeholders in the development process. Under LUB 2P80 human care facilities (e.g., shelters, detoxification centres) were combined under the land use 'special care facility', However, LUB 1P2007 divides the uses under special care facility, incurring many changes to the approvals and development process for shelters. Though siting success is not dependent on the process used to site a facility (i.e., development permit process versus land use amendment process), LUB 1P2007 addresses some problems that developed from LUB 2P80, while creating others. A major recommendation is to recombine many of the land uses formally under special care facility and designate them as discretionary land uses. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Links: Check SFX for Availability Full text: Headnote Abstract The authors examine how the change from Calgary Land Use Bylaw 2P80 to Calgary Land Use Bylaw 1P2007 will affect the siting of homeless shelters in Calgary. The analysis of barriers and facultative mechanisms to siting shelters under each bylaw was based on a review of the land use bylaws, documents describing approvals and development processes, siting precedents, plus key informant interviews with city planners, local politicians and facility siters, as well as a focus group of community association representatives to provide the viewpoints of major stakeholders in the development process. Under LUB 2P80 human care facilities (e.g., shelters, detoxification centres) were combined under the land use 'special care facility', However, LUB 1P2007 divides the uses under special care facility, incurring many changes to the approvals and development process for shelters. Though siting success is not dependent on the process used to site a facility (i.e., development permit process versus land use amendment process), LUB 1P2007 addresses some problems that developed from LUB 2P80, while creating others. A major recommendation is to recombine many of the land uses formally under special care facility and designate them as discretionary land uses.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To eliminate transfer failure on the border line of a compound scanning lens, to eliminate a thick part which is unnecessary for the optical design and to reduce the production cost of the compound scanning lens as much as possible. SOLUTION: Die pieces of the number of faces in one side of the compound scanning lens, each die piece for one respective optical use region having the an optical performance, are assembled into one body to eliminate butting faces of the die pieces. Further, the form of the region not optically used between regions optically used is devised in various ways so as to prevent problems relating to processing of the die pieces caused by assembling and integrating the pieces. The face form of the connecting part in the region not optically used is a curved face having an arc or elliptic lateral cross section. The connecting part in the region not optically used is in a protruding square rib or a protruding square rib with an almost arc edge.


In recent years, high-resolution 77GHz onboard automotive radar has been extensively investigated for automated driving due to its high performance and low cost characteristics. As onboard CS (Chirp Sequence) radars' deployment density increases, inter-radar interference occurs which will increase target miss-detection and false-detection probabilities significantly. To address this critical and challenging problem, wideband interference suppression method using deep learning was proposed, in which the feasibility for performance improvement is validated based on simulations. In this study, we perform both simulation and experimental evaluations on RNN (recurrent neural network) based interference suppression method, in order to address the tradeoff between the model training time and interference suppression performance and validate its real-world applicability.


A study on soil and water conservation capacity of three introduced grasses under artificial simulated rainfall was conducted in contrast to the farmland and the bareland. The results showed that three grasses have good soil and water conservation capacity. The Setaria sphacelata cv. Narok is the best. The water movement times are successively barelandfarmlandTrifolium repens cv. HaifaPennisetum clandestinum cv. WhittetSetaria sphacelata cv. Narok. The runoff and sediment accumulant as well as soil erosion under 76 mm/h artificial simulated rainfall are successively farmlandbarelandTrifolium repens cv. HaifaPennisetum clandestinum cv. WhittetSetaria sphacelata cv. Narok. The runoff and sediment accumulant as well as soil erosion under 53 mm/h artificial simulated rainfall are successively barelandfarmlandTrifolium repens cv. HaifaPennisetum clandestinum cv. WhittetSetaria sphacelata cv. Narok.


A linearized shallow water model is used to investigate the scattering of barotropic shelf waves by spatial variations of a sheared mean current flowing in the same direction as free-wave phase propagation. The mean current is specified to follow smooth changes in the bottom topography through a scattering region of finite length. The mean current scatters the shelf waves by changing the background potential vorticity, as well as reducing the number of propagating modes available to carry energy downstream of the scattering region. Scattering increases as the strength of the mean current increases, and large-amplitude evanescent modes may be generated which decay slowly downstream of the scattering region. When combined with the mean current, the evanescent modes appear as compact, mesoscale flows between the mean current and the coast. In some cases, energy is extracted from the mean current and transferred to the shelf waves within the scattering region, such that the scattering process becomes a source of energy for the propagating shelf waves rather than a sink.


EMPEROR-Reduced assessed the effects of empagliflozin 10 mg once daily versus placebo on a primary composite outcome of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for worsening heart failure in a population of 3,730 patients with NYHA class II, III, or IV heart failure and an ejection fraction of 40% or less. At baseline, 49.8% of participants had a history of diabetes. Over a median follow-up of 16 months, those in the empagliflozin-treated group had a reduced risk of the primary outcome (HR 0.75 [95% CI 0.65 – 0.86]; P < 0.001) and fewer total hospitalizations for heart failure (HR 0.70 [95% CI 0.58 – 0.85]; P < 0.001). The effect of empagliflozin on the primary outcome was consistent irrespective of diabetes diagnosis at baseline. The risk of a prespecified renal composite outcome (chronic dialysis, renal transplanta-tion, or a sustained reduction in eGFR) was lower in the empagliflozin group than in the placebo group (1.6% empagliflozin group vs. 3.1% in the placebo group; HR 0.50 [95% CI 0.32 – 0.77]).


ABSTRACT A new species of Hyadesidae, Algophagus pennsylvanicus, is established based on specimens collected from water-filled treeholes in Pennsylvania. A key to the species of the subfamily Algophaginae is provided.


5 6 Elizabeth Henry, Tania Y. Toruño†, Alain Jauneau†, Laurent Deslandes, Gitta Coaker 7 8 Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA. 9 LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, UPS, Castanet-Tolosan, France. 10 Institut Fédératif de Recherche 3450, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Plateforme Imagerie 11 TRI-Genotoul, Castanet-Tolosan 31326, France 12 † These authors contributed equally to this work. 13 *Correspondence to: firstname.lastname@example.com 14 15 Short title: Visualizing effector delivery in plants 16 17 One-sentence summary: The GFP strand system enables spatial and temporal visualization of 18 bacterial effector delivery during infection. 19 20 The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this 21 article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors 22 (www.plantcell.org) is: Gitta Coaker (firstname.lastname@example.com). 23 24 ABSTRACT 25 26 To cause disease, diverse pathogens deliver effector proteins into host cells. Pathogen effectors 27 can inhibit defense responses, alter host physiology, and represent important cellular probes to 28 investigate plant biology. However, effector function and localization have primarily been 29 investigated after overexpression in planta. Visualizing effector delivery during infection is 30 challenging due to the plant cell wall, autofluorescence, and low effector abundance. Here, we 31 utilized a GFP strand system to directly visualize bacterial effectors delivered into plant cells 32 through the Type III secretion system. GFP is a beta barrel that can be divided into 11 strands. 33 We generated transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing GFP1-10 (strands 1 to 10). 34 Multiple bacterial effectors tagged with the complementary strand 11 epitope retained their 35 biological function in Arabidopsis and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Infection of plants 36 expressing GFP1-10 with bacteria delivering GFP11-tagged effectors enabled direct effector 37 detection in planta. We investigated the temporal and spatial delivery of GFP11-tagged effectors 38 during infection with the foliar pathogen Pseudomonas syringae and the vascular pathogen 39 Ralstonia solanacearum. Thus, the GFP strand system can be broadly used to investigate effector 40 biology in planta. 41 42


Print shows a scene in a wooded area with a young woman kneeling on the ground with her hands covering her face, a man is standing next to her; facing her is Queen Victoria and another woman, the queen gestures for her to rise.


We prove the global existence of a helical weak solution of the 3D Euler equations, in full space, for an initial velocity with helical symmetry, without swirl and whose initial vorticity is compactly supported in the axial plane and belongs to $L^p$, for some $p>\frac{4}{3}$. This result is an extension of the existence part of the work of B. Ettinger and E. Titi (SIAM J. Math Anal. 41(2009) 269-296), who studied well-posedness of the Euler equations with helical symmetry without swirl, with bounded initial vorticity, in a helical pipe.


In this paper, we introduce two new image-sharing types to extend the applicability of sharing. Type 1 is our so-called forbidden type. In its sharing system, any t of the n shares can recover the secret image, unless the t shares form a forbidden group listed in a forbidden list. Type 2 is our so-called cross-department support type. If a government has 3 departments {DEPH, DEPM, DEPL}, then 3 thresholds (tH, tM and tL) exist. Any tH number of officers from department DEPH can unveil the secret image, and likewise for any tM and tL number of officers from departments DEPM and DEPL, respectively. Type 2 image sharing allows a secret to be disclosed not only in an intra-department meeting but also in a cross-department meeting. In this study, both types are implemented through two approaches: the polynomial and linear-equations approaches. Hackers can be confused when two approaches are mixed. As for the applications, use Type 1 to protect sensitive information in medical or military images or legal documents; and use type 2 to support cross-department crime investigation, industrial production, etc.


We present a detailed analysis of the previously reported anomalous energy dependence of the fundamental K/sup 0/-K-bar/sup 0/ parameters ..delta..m = m/sub L/-m/sub S/, tau/sub S/, Vertical Bareta/sub +/-Vertical Bar, and tanphi/sub +/-. Such variations with energy can arise from the interaction of the kaons with an external field or medium. A phenomenological formalism is introduced to describe such energy-dependent influences on the K/sup 0/-K-bar/sup 0/ system. Using this formalism we demonstrate that effects of the type suggested by the data cannot be ascribed to an interaction of the kaons with an electromagnetic, hypercharge, or gravitational field, or to the scattering of the kaons from stray charges or cosmological neutrinos. The data are, however, compatible with an interaction which is even under charge conjugation, and models of such an interaction are discussed. We also consider the possibility that such effects may arise from a fundamental violation of Lorentz invariance. All of the mechanisms which appear capable of describing the data also suggest that similar effects could arise in neutrino oscillations, and some of the consequences of such a possibility are outlined.


ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine whether callous-unemotional (CU) traits and moral disengagement (MD) serve as antecedents to the peer influence effect. There were two hypotheses tested in this study: (1) Moral disengagement will moderate the effect of CU traits on peer influence, and (2) Moral disengagement will mediate the effect of CU traits on peer influence. These two hypotheses were tested in a sample of 1354 male and female delinquents from the Pathways to Desistance study, using four waves of data, with six months between waves. Contrary to Hypothesis 1, regression and path analyses failed to support a moderating effect for moral disengagement with respect to the CU → peer influence or CU → peer/participant delinquency relationships. Consistent with Hypothesis 2, however, path analysis revealed that moral disengagement successfully mediated the CU → peer influence relationship. In further support of Hypothesis 2, a control pathway running from CU to moral disengagement to peer selection failed to achieve significance. These results suggest that the effect of CU traits on delinquency may be mediated by variables like moral disengagement and peer delinquency, a position consistent with the moral model of criminal lifestyle development.


A new mathematical approach for the analysis of radioactive tracer experiments on compartmentalized systems in steady states is presented. The experimental measurements of the amounts of tracer in one or more compartments are approximated by a sum of exponential functions of time. The coefficients and exponential factors of these functions are shown to represent a set of invariants of the data. These are then related in a concise matrix equation to the compartmental model parameters, which are defined as the transition probabilities per unit time per unit quantity (turn‐over rates) of molecules from one compartment (or state) into another.When measurements are incomplete, the freedom in choosing a model is expressed in turns of a minimum number of variables equal to the difference between the number of model parameters and the number of invariants found in the data. It is shown how other information regarding the model parameters or the amounts of material in steady state may be combined with the tracer d...


The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not teachers and school library media specialists differ significantly in their attitudes about the role of the school library media specialist as an instructional consultant. Specifically the study examined three different dimensions of attitudes: curriculum development, instructional development, and technology use. A questionnaire was developed for this study addressing the instructional consultant role of the school library media specialist. The population for the study consisted of teachers and school library media specialists in the Anderson, Blount, and Knox Counties of Tennessee who work in K-5 public schools.
Major conclusions, based on the findings, were the following: (1) There were no significant differences between teachers' and school library media specialists' attitudes regarding the library media specialist role in curriculnm development, instructional development, and technology use. (2) There were no significant relationships in the instructional consultant role of the school library media specialists when comparing teachers' attitudes to years of work experience, educational level and teaching specialties; and (3) There were no significant relationships in the instructional consultant role of the school library media specialists when comparing school library media specialists' attitudes to years of work experience, educational level and employ ment type.


Purpose. The aims of this study were to evaluate outcomes of osteosarcoma patients who underwent wide resection and endoprosthetic knee reconstruction, to compare with their own sound sides and controls, and to assess the interrelationships among these parameters. Method. Twenty patients and 20 matched controls were recruited. Strength and range of motion (ROM) of the knee, gait and Enneking functional score were measured. Results. The results revealed the operated knees were significantly weaker than sound knees and controls (p < 0.05). The ROM of operated knees, sound knees and controls were 106.28 + 13.08, 134.18 + 7.58, and 137.78 + 7.08 respectively (p < 0.05). Patients' and controls' walking velocity were 54 + 12m/min, and 72 + 6m/min (p < 0.05). Their Enneking score was 21.6 + 2.8 (72% of total score, 30). The ratio of extensor strength of operated/sound knee and isometric hamstring/ quadriceps ratio of operated knee were significantly correlated to the difference of stance-phase duration of bilateral sides (p < 0.05). In addition, the ratio of isometric flexor strength was significantly correlated to Enneking score (p < 0.05). Conclusions. The patients achieved an acceptable recovery in strength and gait in spite of some functional limitation.


The energy savings achievable in the end-use space cooling depend on a number of variables related to the building envelope, the plants and to some extent the behavior of occupants. They are hence complex to evaluate and consequently often underrepresented in designers, energy managers and policy makers decisions. This paper is based on some results of the European Commission supported project KeepCool2. It discusses a methodology for bottom-up assessment of the energy savings related to "sustainable summer comfort" solutions: to do this, reference base case building typologies in offices and commercial sector are analyzed in 5 european typical climates, and dynamic simulations are used to calculate the reductions in the energy needs for cooling which can be achieved by specific retrofit actions (e.g. additions of effective solar protections, increased thermal insulation, day-time and nighttime mechanical ventilation, natural ventilation, low solar absorbance surfaces and others); also thermal comfort conditions in the analysed base cases are evaluated by using Fanger model and Adaptive ones, according to the european standard EN15251. Conducted dynamic simulations also allow to evaluate the effects on energy consumptions of the interactions between several considered energy efficiency improvement action. By using the developed methodology, we show typical values of energy savings related to single or packaged technical measures of sustainable summer comfort applied to typical building, in typical european climates. The adoption of different types of shadowing devices and relative manual and automatic controls and the use of adequate ventilation strategies show great potential in energy savings for cooling.


The solar neutrino problem has puzzled physicists for 30 years. There were two beautiful results announced in 2002 that solved this problem. The SNO experiment measured the solar neutrino flux via both charged current and neutral current interactions which gave strong evidence for flavor transitions of neutrinos on their way between the sun and the earth. In late 2002, KamLAND provided confirmation for this solar neutrino solution independent of any solar neutrino results. It measured the flux and the energy spectrum of anti‐neutrinos coming from nuclear reactors and provided the first evidence for anti‐neutrino disappearance. Assuming CPT invariance, the LMA region is the only solar neutrino solution consistent with KamLAND.I focus my discussion here on KamLAND results and prospects.


A study aimed at developing an enantioselective synthesis of the title compound 23, a 2-monodeoxy analogue of the naturally occurring (+)-2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-2-nononic acid (KDN), is reported. From D-mannose as starting material, the chiral 1,3-diene 10, activated by a silyloxy substituent at C(2), was prepared in six steps (Scheme 1). However, the intermediates were often contaminated with varying amounts of by-products arising from overoxidation during cleavage with periodic acid. An alternative route starting from the inexpensive and readily available D-isoascorbic acid (12), though a little longer than the first, satisfactorily circumvented the purification problem and led to the desired dienes 17 in good yields (scheme 2). The [CoII(S,S)-(+)-salen]-catalyzed hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of the aforementioned dienes with ethyl glyoxylate proceeded smoothly at room temperature, giving the dihydropyrano adducts 18 in moderate yields (Scheme 3). Dihydroxylation of 18a followed by reduction of the keto function gave the desired 4,5-trans dihydroxy moiety of the KDN framework (Scheme 4, see 21). The spectroscopic data of the penta-O-acetylated 2-deoxy-KDN ethyl ester 23 were consistent with those reported for the corresponding methyl ester derived from natural KDN.


In all practical work of our party, correct leadership can only be developed on the principle of 'from the masses.' This means summing up, i.e., views scattered and unsystemic then taking the resulting ideas back to the masses, explaining them and popularizjng them until the masses embrace (these] ideas as their own, stand up for them, and translate them into action by way of testing their correctness. Then it is necessary once more to sum up the views of th" masses and once again take the resulting idee,S back to the masses so that the masses give them their wholeheartedsupport. ... and SO on ,over and over again. Mao Tse·tung (1943)


In this paper, we present a novel piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) array with a high fill factor and a large quality factor (Q). With the reusable design of etching holes, the pitch between PMUTs is effectively minimized, improving the fill factor of the array. With a newly developed surface micromachining process, the fabricated PMUT array only needs few etching holes to release the structure, and all sealed etching holes are removed from the resonance region, achieving a large Q. The demonstrated process facilitates low-cost volume manufacturing. As a result, a 50 × 50 PMUT array containing 48-μm-diameter PMUTs with a 52 μm pitch achieves a high fill factor of 67%. For an individual PMUT, a large Q of 351 is achieved at a center frequency of 12.62 MHz, the peak displacement is 3.25 nm/V, and the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient is 1.6%. The achieved high fill factor and large Q render the proposed PMUT array promising in applications such as flow sensing, chemical detection, and energy transmission.


Aspect-Oriented Modeling is aimed at reducing the complexity of models by separating its different concerns. In model-based development of embedded systems this separation of concerns is more important given the multiple non-functional concerns addressed by embedded systems. These concerns can include timeliness, fault-tolerance, and security to name a few. The Architecture Analysis and Design Language (AADL) is a standard architecture description language to design and evaluate software architectures for embedded systems already in use by a number of organizations around the world. In this paper we discuss our current effort to extend the language to include new features for separation of concerns. These features not only include constructs to describe design choices but also routines to verify the proper combination of constructs from different concerns. This verification includes techniques and tools from the formal methods arena integrated into the AADL development tool providing a seamless design flow. We believe that work in this direction is fundamental to tackle the potential combinatorial explosion problem of verifying the merging of multiple concerns into a final system.


A political agreement on the direction and contents of the EU's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) that will affect the operating conditions of Finnish agriculture and food industry in the coming years was reached on June 26, 2013. The European Commission, the EU Council of Ministers and the European Parliament could finally harmonize their views after two years of negotiations, getting more and more intensive towards the end. The agreement reached will provide a basis for the EU's Common Agricultural Policy to be adopted in 2015. It means more equal distribution of support between various Member States and setting stricter environmental requirements as condition for provision of support, in other words 'greening' practices. From the perspective of Finnish agriculture, the key aspects of the CAP reform included the overall level of EU-financed support, the possibility to pay production-based support, the definition of less-favoured areas, and the greening requirements for agricultural support. No major changes in the overall level of EU support for Finnish agriculture are to be expected during the framework period 2014–2020 as compared to the present period. The financial framework agreed by the EU Council of Ministers in February 2013 means that, at the price level of 2011, the total amount of EU support for agriculture will fall in Finland by slightly over 3% as compared to programming period 2007– 2013. Since Finland's northern circumstances were taken into account in the level of production-based support, the definition of less-favoured areas and the greening practices, the reform will not cause any dramatic changes in the Finnish agricultural market or production. The impact analyses conducted by MTT Agrifood Research Finland show that the production of agricultural products will, on the average, remain at the current level until 2020, if the price development of agricultural products corresponds with at least the price development of production inputs, and if the national support system for agriculture remains unchanged. The key role of subsidies in the maintenance of production volumes in the Finnish agricultural sector will remain unchanged in the coming years. However, the real value of subsidies will fall, which means that, in order to maintain the same income level, a larger share of the agricultural revenue must come from products sold in the market. In other words, the markets will increasingly control what will happen to the production, income and profitability in the agricultural sector. The agricultural product market, on the other hand, is undergoing a period of rapid changes. Major price fluctuations have become a part of the everyday functioning of the markets. Consequently, the market risks of agricultural enterprises have grown both in sale of products and acquisition of production inputs. As the market and price risks increase, additional investments must be made in managing them in the agri-food sector. Therefore the reform gives the Member States the right to develop insurance systems and instruments for income stability with EU co-funding. The reform also includes measures aimed at improving the supervision of the commercial interests of producers, so that the negotiation power of producers could increase in proportion to the actors at the other end of the production chain. The impacts of the EU agricultural policy reform on the speed of structural development in Finnish agriculture are estimated to be quite minor. The rate of structural development is expected to remain rapid in the coming years as the unit sizes keep on increasing and the number of farms decreasing. Since 1995, the number of farms has been falling at an average annual rate of three per cent, and in the livestock sector even higher rate of almost seven per cent a year. The number of livestock farms is therefore expected to fall below 10,000 farms by 2020, when still in 2005 the number of livestock farms was more than 33,000. To boost competitiveness and enhance productivity, the kind of quite rapid structural development that is currently taking place, and increase in farm sizes are necessary.


Flat test samples of PMMA, with a 50 nm gold layer included in the middle of the sample, have been developed and are shown to be extremely suitable for calibration and testing of space charge measurement systems. A DC voltage was applied to the gold layer and the connected electrodes generating a very narrow charge layer inside the dielectric, which enables application of pulse response based deconvolution methods covering the whole detection system, electrically and acoustically.


The topic of this paper are discrete decision problems with multiple criteria. We rst deene discrete multiple criteria decision problems and introduce a classiication scheme for multiple criteria optimization problems. To do so we use multiple criteria optimization classes. The main result is a characterization of the class of lexicographic max-ordering problems by two very useful properties, reduction and regularity. Subsequently we discuss the assumptions under which the application of this speciic MCO class is justi-ed. Finally we provide (simple) solution methods to nd optimal decisions in the case of discrete multiple criteria optimization problems. A discrete decision problem consists of selecting from a nite set of alternatives A = fa 1 ; : : :; a m g anòptimal' one. In this paper we consider the context of multiple criteria decision making (MCDM). The solution of discrete decision problems with multiple criteria is often called multiple attribute decision making, see HY81]. Every alternative is evaluated with respect to a certain number of criteria, or objective functions. We assume that f q : A ! IR; q = 1; : : :; Q are Q real valued functions representing the different criteria. Therefore we can calculate the value of each alternative with respect to each criterion as given by v qj = f q (a j): Since the number of alternatives as well as the number of criteria is nite it is convenient to write all the values as a Q m matrix: V = (v qj) = (f q (a j)) :


The characteristics of datum in biomarkers test items is introduced,explained the definition and methods of data mining technology,and carried out clinical medicine applications of the results coming from dealing datum with data mining.In the end,the direction of further work to improve the ability to aid diagnose is point out.


A novel SRAM scheme is proposed that can reduce the active leakage power by two orders of magnitude. In the low voltage region of less than 1 V, the VTH, V/sub TH/, is lowered to less than 0.2 V and the leakage power of memory cells becomes a dominant issue. By dynamically dropping the supply voltage of un-accessed cells row by row, the cell leakage can be reduced exponentially through the drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) effect. Additionally, to lower the leakage from bit-line through transfer gates of memory cells, un-accessed word lines are applied with a negative voltage together with a reduced swing write technique. The basic advantage is verified by measurement and the effectiveness in future generations is discussed by simulations.


This paper presents an extension to the relational model to represent indefinite/disjunctive and "maybe" information, in addition to the definite information, within relations. The semantics of the generalized relational algebraic operators are precisely defined. Answers to queries expressed as a combination of the extended relational operators may contain, in addition to definite, indefinite and maybe information that may be useful in many applications. Also discussed are certain optimization strategies and the effect of functional dependencies on updates to the database.


along with the gas field in zhongyuan oil field,gas zone pressure is gradually fail.the fluid is leak very much in the well cleanout work,indeed,unable to found circulation,and the pollution to gas zone is so strictness.For depressing the harm that the fluid vs the gas zone,open up the nitrogen-foam fluid rushing-sand technology,the fluid density can adjust from 0.25 to 0.98 g/cm3 basis requirement,locale construction simple.It was application at B1-31 well and had obtained succeed,reduced the harm to the low gas zone effectively.


This paper presents an investigation of trends in the unsaturated and saturated magnetic saliency values of interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous machines with fractional-slot concentrated windings (FSCW). This paper investigates alternative slot-pole combinations for FSCW-IPM machines, highlighting the key observation that the saliency of these machines is generally lower than their counterpart IPM machines with conventional distributed windings. The relative merits and challenges of FSCW-IPM machines are examined, with a focus on the contribution of reluctance torque to the total machine torque. A key design metric that proves useful in this discussion is "unsaturated saliency ratio", defined as the ratio Lq/Ld in the limiting case of near zero stator current and "saturated saliency ratio", defined as the ratio Lq/Ld at high stator current. An important objective is to use this parameter to help machine designers choose the most appropriate slot-pole configuration for an FSCW-IPM machine in order to achieve the desired performance requirements.


The State of Bahrain is comprised of an archipelago of about 35 small islands off the coast of Arabian Peninsula. The estimated total population was 281600 in April 1976 308900 in April 1977 and 341400 in January 1978. The population is expected to double before January 1985. Mean annual rates of population growth increased from 5.1% for 1971-6 to 9.7% in 1976-7 and 10.5% during the last 9 months of 1977. Bahrains oil exporting activity began in 1933; it was the first Gulf state to profit from oil revenues. Since then Bahrain has diversified its economy and encouraged industrialization and foreign participation. However oil production is limited. Excluding future offshore oil recovery reserves will be depleted by the end of this century. The crude birth rate declined 2.8% annually from 1965-71 and 1971-78 and another 4.3% annually between 1971-6 and 1976. Heavy immigration of foreign men in 1971-6 depressed the crude birth rate producing a decline of 8.1%. From a level of 208/1000 in 1965-71 the general fertility rate has declined over 3% to a level of 157/1000 in 1976. In 1971 about 73% of the population resided in the urban center Manama 18% in the central suburban area and 9% in the rural periphery. 76% of Bahraini professional women are teachers. Women make up about 5.4% of the labor force. The general marriage rate for females (18.7%) is higher than for males (13.7%). Womens rates are highest between ages 15-19.


Background and Aims: Tens of millions of people are exposed to arsenic contaminated drinking water all over the world, including residents in Argentina, Bangladesh, Chile, China, Mongolia, Taiwan, ...


We have prepared Ni-clad Ni-20wt%Cr (Ni/NiCr) and Ni-clad austenitic stainless steel (Ni/SS) tapes for YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub x/ (YBCO) coated conductors with higher strength and lower magnetism than those of pure nickel tape. Highly {100} textured nickel outermost layers on those composite tapes were obtained by cold-rolling and subsequent heat treatment. The surfaces of Ni/NiCr composite tape and Ni/SS composite tape are favorable for epitaxial NiO growth by the surface-oxidation epitaxy (SOE) method. Highly {100} textured NiO layers were formed on those textured composite tapes, as on cube-textured pure nickel tapes. Biaxially textured YBCO films were grown on SOE-NiO layers by the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method. A thin MgO cap layer deposited on NiO layer improved the surface qualities of NiO, so that the YBCO films with a high critical current density (J/sub c/) of 1.0/spl times/10/sup 5/ A/cm/sup 2/ (77 K, 0 T) have been obtained on SOE-NiO with MgO cap layer on Ni/NiCr composite tape.


Three apple cultivators, Jonagold, Redchief and Fuji, which are carrying or free of latent viruses_ACLSV, ASPV and ASGV are studied. The results show that water, nitrogen and soluble protein contents of virus_free trees are notably higher than virus_carrying trees whereas the calcium content of the virus_carrying trees is much higher. The ratio between soluble sugar and starch in virus_carrying and virus_free trees are quite different.


Polymers synthesized with synthetic fibers are more advantageous as Compared to conventional construction materials. In spite of the widespread use there is a tendency to decline because of its costs and environmental impacts. On the other hand natural fibers are less costly, light weight, and easily recyclable. Among multiple fibers bamboo is one such fibers, because of its low cost, and weight, with it short growth cycle. In this work three different compositions of bamboo reinforced polymer composites (40, 30 and 25% of bamboo reinforcement volume) are prepared with the use of epoxy and hardener. From the testing results it clearly revealed 25% of bamboo reinforcement composite had higher tensile strength among all the three. Simultaneously the bamboo is reinforced in concrete cement slab instead of steel rod with the standard size. The steel reinforced concrete slab is slightly superior to the bamboo reinforced concrete slab. At the same time deflection of both slabs are same at 40KN load. Hence the bamboo as a structural material in the minimal loading applications like kitchen slabs, books slabs can be served.


Climate change refers to a long-term fluctuation in weather conditions, especially increase in temperature and storm activity. This is mainly caused by the concentration of greenhouse gases which trap infra-red radiation from the earth's surface and thus causes greenhouse effect. The earth we live in is covered by the atmosphere which contains a thin layer of mixed gases, including the air we breathe. Human activities such as fossil fuel combustion, production of cement and lime, gas flaring, deforestation and industrial processes have led to an increase in greenhouse gases concentration in the atmosphere. This paper examines climate change in Nigeria. The paper found that climate change has affected economic activities in various parts of Nigeria by causing flooding in the Niger Delta and other parts of Nigeria, acid rain in Rivers State, and desertification in Northern Nigeria. Furthermore, excessive use of oil and gas products, bush burning, deforestation, non-implementation of planning laws are all responsible for climate change in Nigeria. The paper examines the need for renewable energy and argues that renewable energy must be promoted over fossil fuels to combat climate change in Nigeria. "… Climate Change is not just an environmental issue but is also a fundamental development issue" – former UN Secretary- General Kofi Annan.1


In order to obtain data to assist in the improvement of drinking water quality, a questionnaire sheet survey was conducted in Nishinomiya city regarding residents' awareness of water. The survey was conducted in July 1991 on a sample of 5,200 with a 63.4% valid response rate. The results of the survey were analyzed to obtain a picture of residents' lifestyle in relation to water use. The following conclusions were obtained: 1) The percentage of people taking a bath every day increases with household size and age. 2) In about 40% of households, at least one member takes a morning shower. 3) The incidence of daily clothes washing increases with household size. The younger the age group of the household, the more likely it is to wash clothes in the evening. 4) About half of Nishinomiya's households use synthetic detergent to wash clothes. This is lower than was found in a survey using the same questionnaire in Kyoto and the area around Lake Biwako. Further, some Nishinomiya residents mistook synthetic detergent for soap powder. This indicates the importance for water resource protection of educating the public regarding the pollutant effect on water supplies of synthetic detergent and of encouraging the use of soap powder. 5) In households with a flush toilet, the quantity of water used per person per day is 257.1 liters, or about 50 liters more than the 208.9 liters used in one without flush toilet. 6) The higher their level of awareness, the more ready residents are to practice economy in the use of water. Overall, the survey revealed the importance, for protection of the water environment, of environmental education on water and sustained campaigns targeting drinking water and water pollution.


Byproducts of volcanic activity are present widely across Japan. While pile foundations in volcanic ash ground are designed based on the specifications of sandy soil, particularly volcanic coarse-grained soil has peculiar mechanical characteristics due to particle breakage. Accordingly, the ground-pile interaction at the time of earthquake is expected to differ between volcanic coarse-grained soil and sandy soil. For the purpose of clarifying the relationship between horizontal subgrade reaction and displacement of piles during liquefaction of volcanic ash ground, a centrifuge model test was carried out by parameterizing liquefaction strength ratio of ground. Test results revealed that the coefficient of horizontal subgrade reaction of piles during liquefaction reduced less markedly in volcanic ash ground in comparison with sandy ground as the former had the smaller coefficient of static horizontal subgrade reaction than the latter before shaking where the both were made to have equal liquefaction strength ratio.


Two maize(Zea mays L.) inbred lines,CML288 from tropical zone(CIMMYT) and Huangzao 4 from temperate zone(China) were employed in the study.Plants were grown in two different controlled photoperiod conditions with diurnal sunlight of 9 h and 15 h,respectively.A 1 265 bp cDNA(LFY-like) clone was isolated from the stem top of maize by RT-PCR.The LFY-like gene shared a homology of 93% with zfl2,84% with RFL,57% with LFY and FLO.Compared to zfl1,the deduced protein lacks an alanine,proline,theonine in the position of 28th,29th and 160th respectively and has an additional methionine in the position of 188th.Expression analysis showed the gene expressed all time under long-day condition,but not expressed at early or late stage of maize under short-day condition.The function of the gene needs to be studied further.


There is concern that patients with poor numeracy may have difficulty understanding the information necessary to make informed treatment decisions. The authors sought to characterize a special form of numeracy among patients with advanced cancer who were offered participation in Phase I oncology clinical trials.


Abstract Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of azobenzene (AB) functionalized alkyl thiols on gold diluted with simple alkyl thiols provide a straightforward way to photochromic surfaces with high and tunable photoswitching efficiency. Trans-cis isomerization of the AB molecule changes the physical properties of the surface, including the nonlinear optical (NLO) response. Vibrational sum-frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy as a nonlinear type of laser spectroscopy offers surface- and orientation-sensitive insight into the molecular structure of mixed SAMs. In this study, VSFG as well as ultraviolet-visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopy has been employed to investigate the morphology, molecular structure, and NLO response of mixed SAMs with systematically varied surface composition. Methylazobenzene (MeAB) has been used as the molecular switch with the methyl substituent serving as orientational VSFG marker. Both short-chain and long-chain alkyl thiol co-ligands have been used to gain insight into the interplay between SAM structure and sterical constraints that are known to limit the free switching volume. Underlining the dominating role of sterical effects for controlling photochromic properties, a strong inhibition of the photoswitching efficiency and NLO response has been observed for the SAMs with an alkyl thiol co-ligand long enough to spatially extend into the layer of the MeAB chromophore. Overall, with <12% signal change, the relative NLO switching contrasts remained low in all cases. VSFG spectral trends clearly revealed that the presumably higher photoswitching efficiency upon dilution with the co-ligand is counteracted by a loss of structural order of the chromophore.


This paper presents a method small TEC temperature control system that is based on photovoltaic power generation technology. And their working principles are analyzed, and equivalent circuit diagrams are given at different working mode, at last simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the fact that the principle is correct.


Effect of test method on SSC performance of modified 13Cr martensitic stainless steel (0.025C-13Cr-Ni-Mo) are investigated. The SSC for martensitic stainless steel initiates at the pitting and propagates by hydrogen embrittlement. The pH stability of the test solution affects the test results. SSC threshold stress for modified 13Cr steel in the stable solution is higher than that in the unstable solution. This difference seems to depend on the pH value in the pitting, since a great volume of hydrogen enters into steel at low pH condition and causes SSC. The SSC susceptibility for subsize specimens is higher than that for full size specimens. The oxygen in the test solution causes pitting. The deaeration procedure affects the SSC test result. The deaerated test solution should be transferred to test vessel. The SSC performance for martensitic stainless steel should be evaluated by full size test specimens under stable pH condition.


Diagnostic delays in cancers are frequent in developing countries due to poor health infrastructure. Existing literature from developed countries suggests that diagnostic interval in bone sarcomas is primarily dictated by tumour biology with no impact on survival. This study evaluates the social and biological determinants of the diagnostic interval in bone sarcomas in a resource‐challenged setting and assesses its impact on treatment outcomes.


Over the past 25 years, Cyprus has become the portal of choice for investment into and out of Russia and Central and Eastern Europe. The new Russian de-offshorization law, which took effect on 1 January 2015, will have significant implications for users of overseas structures. This article examines the main features of the law, its significance for users of Cyprus structures, and the steps that might be taken to mitigate any adverse effects.