ummary
An overall discussion of the subject will be held. The audience and speakers will both be encouraged to discuss the pros and cons of each of the previous lectures as well as to briefly brainstorm on the problems facing the design of an ideal glaucoma rotation.


The lymphatic system was first described by Asel-lius in 1627, and chylous leak (CL) was first reported by Morton in 1691 [1, 2]. It is defined as the leakage of milk-like, triglyceride-rich lymphatic fluid from the lymphatic system in to the peritoneal cavity [3]. It can cause fever, abdominal pain, abdominal distension, and abnormal white blood cell count and a delay in the withdrawal of the abdominal drainage tube. Even more serious, improper treatment will lead to celiac infection and abdominal bleeding, which results in prolonged hospitalization and increased costs. The incidence of CL after gastrectomy with D1–2 dissection is reported as 1.99%; however, D3–4 lymphadenectomy is associated with a higher incidence of CL of up to 6.3% [4], indicating that locally advanced diseases and extensive lymph node dissection lead to a higher incidence of CL


Objective To assess the clinical prognostic value of the 7th edition TNM staging system for gastric cancer patients after operation.Methods The clinical data of 381 gastric cancer patients who received operation in Changhai Hospital during 2002 to 2005 were retrospectively analyzed.And the patients were staged using the 6th and 7th edition of TNM staging system separately.The survival curves of different patients were compared.Results The changes of survival curves were significantly different between different T and N classifications of the 7th edition of TNM staging system(P0.05).The changes of survival curves were significantly different in patients with different T2 and T3 classifications and different N1 and N2 classifications in the 7th edition(P0.05).The survival rate of Ⅳ stage patients in the 6th edition,whose stage was down-regulated in the 7th edition,was significantly higher than those of patients whose stages were not down-regulated in the 7th edition(P0.05).Conclusion The 7th edition provides a more detailed and more rational staging for gastric cancer patients than the 6th edition,especially for the T and N staging classification.The 7th edition also has a more accurate prognostic value for gastric cancer patients.


Risk management (RM) is a necessary process in order to identify, categorise and handle security threats, vulnerabilities and risks of information and communication systems (ICS). Existing RM methodologies for the implementation of standards impose various barriers (e.g., limitation in knowledge gathering, time and resources consumption, and cost) which make them unable to meet the growing needs of the current distributed and complex ICS and their hosting critical data and services. Identifying these weaknesses, we treat RM as a multi-criteria problem and we propose a multi-criteria group decision making methodology STORM-RM for its solution combining the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with security management standards (ISO27001 and AS/NZS 4360).


A communication scheme based on the synchronization of two chaotic semiconductor lasers is experimentally tested. The Chaos in the single‐mode semiconductor lasers is generated by means of an optoelectronic feedback. Synchronization of the chaos is achieved by coupling a fraction of the transmitter's output power into the driving current of the receiver. We present experimental results on the route to chaos and the synchronization of GHz chaotic signals. We then test a proposed communication scheme by successfully transmitting messages.


We show that an applied charge current in a magnetic nanowire containing domain walls (DWs) results in an interaction between DWs mediated by spin-dependent interferences of the scattered carriers. The energy and torque associated with this interaction show an oscillatory behavior as a function of the mutual DW orientations and separations, thus affecting the DWs' arrangements and shapes. Based on the derived DWs interaction energy and torque we calculate DW dynamics and uncover potential applications of interacting DWs as a tunable nanomechanical oscillator. We also discuss the effect of impurities on the DW interaction.


A new type of porous nano-MnO2 for supercapacitors has been synthesized for the first time by a facile sonochemistry route from a quick-redox reaction between KMnO4 and D-glucose. The crystal structure, morphology and chemical composition of the MnO2 product were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that the porous MnO2 nanoparticles in the range 20–50 nm are interestingly composed of nanorods with diameters of about 2 nm and lengths of 4–8 nm. A possible growth mechanism of this nanostructure has been identified based on the experimental results. The electrochemical properties of the porous MnO2 were investigated in a symmetric capacitor cell using both 1 M Na2SO4 and 9 M KOH aqueous solutions. The results indicate that the MnO2 electrodes have a good capacitive performance in both cases.


Preference learning in general and label ranking in particular have been applied successfully for meta-learning problems in the past [1, 4, 3]. The benefits of incorporating additional feature descriptions of alternatives in the context of preference learning have recently been shown for the dyad ranking framework [6]. Additional descriptions in the form of feature vectors are known in the recommender systems domain, too, where they are typically called side-information and used for tackling cold-start problems. These problems refer to situations where preference indicators (e.g., ratings) for new users or new items are not yet available (see Figure 1). In these situations, side-information helps by putting existing and new entities into relation. In this work, we make use of dyad ranking to predict a good ranking of candidate algorithms contextualized by problem instances, assuming that algorithms exhibit a representation in terms of a feature description. By generalizing over both, attributes of problems as well as algorithms, it becomes possible to tackle cold-start scenarios in which predictions are sought for algorithms that never occurred in the training data. A similar viewpoint towards meta-learning has been taken in [7, 5], where algorithm recommendation is tackled by means of collaborative filtering (CF) techniques. However, in contrast to the description of users and items in standard CF, side-information describing problems in meta-learning is usually carefully crafted [2]. As testbed, we present experimental results on the task of genetic algorithm (GA) recommendation in the cold-start situation corresponding to the lower right box in Figure 1. The (preference) meta-learning data set3 for this experiment consists of rankings over 72 different parameterized GAs applied on the traveling salesman problem. The following leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) procedure over a total number of 246 examples (problems) and 72 GAs (referred to as labels) is applied: for a label Aj (1≤j≤ 72) the bilinear Plackett-Luce model [6] is trained on 245 examples and is then used to predict the ranking over all 72 labels for the left out example in two variants.

In the first variant (the "reference" situation), a method is trained on data where the label Aj is part of the training set, whereas in the second variant (the "cold start" situation) the same method is trained on data where Aj is completely omitted. In addition to the Kendall τ value that is used to quantify the quality of a predicted ranking in relation to a ground truth ranking, the deviation between the predicted rank of Aj and the true rank is recorded.

In the reference and the cold start situation, the Kendall τ values are almost identical. Moreover, the average deviation from the true rank in the reference case is 5.653 and in the cold-start scenario 5.712. These are first encouraging results. Future work could comprise experiments on further meta data sets and address the development of further approaches for cold-start problems.


The article presents the profile of the Polish researcher Walenty Piłat – a respected expert in Russian dramaturgy. The literary output devoted to contemporary Russian drama is in the center of attention. Among the rich galaxy of Russian authors, one of the most important places in the literary outout of W. Piłat is occupied by dramatists such as Aleksandr Vampilov, Nikolai Kolada, Ludmila Pietrushevska and others. The author presents the most important publications of W. Piłat, including the monographs: The work of Aleksandr Vampilov. Problems of Poetics (1986), Contemporary Russian dramaturgy. The eighties (1995), On the threshold of the twenty-first century. Sketches on Contemporary Russian Drama (2000).


This paper describes the design, fabrication, and characteristics of a high voltage, high gain CdSe thin film transistor (TFT). The main features of the TFT are the use of In–Cu for the source and drain contact electrodes, a very thin layer of In above or under a CdSe layer as the conducting channel, and Al2O3 as the insulator. It has been found that In–Cu source–drain contacts stand much higher voltage than Al or In–Au contacts. A trace of In deposited above or under the CdSe layer enhances the transconductance and improves the stability of the TFT. The reported TFT can stand up to 400 V and achieve ON–OFF ratios up to 40 000.


Mofettes are gas emission sites where high concentrations of CO2 ascend through conduits from as deep as the mantle to the Earth's surface and as such provide direct windows to processes at depth. The Hartoušov mofette, located at the western margin of the Eger Graben, is a key site to study interactions between fluids and swarm earthquakes. The mofette field (10 mofettes within an area of 100 m × 500 m and three wells of 28, 108, and 239 m depth) is characterized by high CO2 emission rates (up to 100 t/d) and helium signatures with (3He/4He)c up to 5.8 Ra, indicating mantle origin. We compiled geological, geophysical, geochemical, and isotopic data to describe the mofette system. Fluids in the Cheb basin are mixtures between shallow groundwater and brine (>40 g/L at a depth of 235 m) located at the deepest parts of the basin fillings. Overpressured CO2-rich mineral waters are trapped below the mudstones and clays of the sealing Cypris formation. Drilling through this sealing layer led to blow-outs in different compartments of the basin. Pressure transients were observed related to natural disturbances as well as human activities. External (rain) and internal (earthquakes) events can cause pressure transients in the fluid system within hours or several days, lasting from days to years and leading to changes in gas flux rates. The 2014 earthquake swarm triggered an estimated excess release of 175,000 tons of CO2 during the following four years. Pressure oscillations were observed at a wellhead lasting 24 h with increasing amplitudes (from 10 to 40 kPa) and increasing frequencies reaching five cycles per hour. These oscillations are described for the first time as a potential natural analog to a two-phase pipe–relief valve system known from industrial applications.


It is well known that the Rom was a nomad people that moved from town to town around Europe. In the frame of a history of persecutions based in the discrimination towards this unknown culture, the Cale gypsy opened the doors of his/her culture in the mid Nineteenth Century with the establishment of the first flamenco tablaos in Andalusia; which had their first great migratory arrival in Buenos Aires city by the end of the Nineteenth Century. Little is known about their arrival in Argentina, and since it is a culture of oral tradition the recollection of documentation that grounds this arrival is extremely difficult.
The aim of this research is to present a revision of the fundamental bibliography published about flamenco and in this case about the Cale gypsy culture, particularly regarding the shaping of their identity and the setting-up of the tablaos as a way of approach to the conformation of a space of cultural aperture in Buenos Aires at the beginning of the century. Complementarily, this research will analyze the possible theoretical perspectives for the ethno-musicological study of the gypsy culture in Buenos Aires city at the end of the Nineteenth Century and beginning of the Twentieth, which could account for its interrelations or its encounter with the Buenos Aires society as a way of survival and social protection through a negotiation of the identity.


Summary Three steroid pyrogens known to produce fever and inflammation in man were examined for inflammatory activity in rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, rats and dogs. Etiocholanolone, 11-ketopregnanolone and lithocholic acid are all capable of eliciting intense inflammatory reactions in experimental animals, although considerable variation in individual and species sensitivity was observed. Lithocholic acid, like the neutral steroids, failed to produce fever in rabbits, rats, dogs, cats and monkeys, thus confirming the highly specific nature of this activity in humans.


1,7-(SMe2)2B12H10, 1,12-(SMe2)2B12H10, and [SMe3][B12H11(SMe2)] were prepared and isolated from the self-condensation reaction of BH3·SMe2 in the absence of a solvent. At 150 °C the reaction yields, primarily, two isomers:  1,7-(SMe2)2B12H10, the major component, and 1,12-(SMe2)2B12H10 the minor component, that are separated by thin layer chromatography. Single-crystal X-ray structure determinations were performed for both isomers, confirming the structures inferred from 1H, 11B, and 11B{1H}-11B{1H} (COSY) NMR spectra. Crystal data for 1,7-(SMe2)2B12H10:  trigonal P3221, a = 12.901(10) A, b = 12.901(10) A, c = 23.73(2) A, γ = 120°, Z = 9. Crystal data for 1,12-(SMe2)2B12H10:  orthorhombic Pbca, a = 10.101(2) A, b = 11.220(2) A, c = 13.464(2) A, Z = 4. At 60 °C, the self-condensation of BH3·SMe2 is very slow, but yields [SMe3][B12H11(SMe2)] as the major product. Multinuclear and 2-dimensional NMR spectra are in full accord with the structure determined by X-ray methods. Crystal data for [SMe3][B12H11(SMe2)...


In the past century, global temperatures have risen about 0.7 degrees on average, which is commonly attributed to the increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (Hegerl et al., 2007; Smith et al., 2008). Because this is an average temperature increase, it obscures the fact that large differences occur in between regions. For example, certain parts of the Arctic have shown exceptionally high temperature increases of 0.2 to 0.4 ◦C per decade and this trend is expected to continue (Zwiers, 2002; Chapin III et al., 2005; Serreze and Francis, 2006). To understand how these temperature changes affect the Arctic as a carbon sink, it is critical to understand the functioning of greenhouse gas exchange in arctic ecosystems. In this chapter, the tundra ecosystem, geomorphology and climate is described, followed by an explanation on the specifics of the exchange of CO2 and methane in tundra. e chapter concludes with an elaboration on the methods that are typically used to quantify greenhouse gas exchange in the Arctic.


University professors, on the one hand, and professionals, such as doctors and lawyers on the other hand share many things in common, yet they are also different in key aspects. One of the most important differences lies the nature of the incentives and motivation to which they respond. This paper claims that turning academics into regular professionals would have far-reaching consequences from a wider social perspective. Emphasizing monetary rewards at the expense of intrinsic drivers would most likely change the nature and structure of the academic output.


What does Christianity mean to a Christian? It is the path to salvation. This is the religious answer. And an ancient Christian maxim states that there is no salvation outside the Church. If the complete self-revelation of God and the exclusive path of salvation which ensues from it can only be discovered within the Church, then what could be beyond its walls if not a religious twilight, thickening into a hostile and impassable darkness? 'The gods of the pagans are demons', and the God of Moses and the prophets is the very same 'Christian' God, the Word, even though He has not yet 'declared Himself' in the person of Jesus of Nazareth. So the Jews faced clear alternatives: either to become Christian or to be apostates from their own, Jewish, God, who made himself known in Jesus. In the Jewish-Christian age there was no alternative. However, in the course of time, the Jewish-Christian community disappeared without trace. The arrival of Greek Christianity presented the Jews with another choice with regard to the Church: either to remain Jews, or to accept Christianity and thus become apostates from their own Jewish faith. The Pharisee Paul, who became an apostle to the Gentiles, formulated the basic understanding of the place of the Jews (and not only of the Jews) within the Church: 'there is no Greek, no Jew ... but Christ is in all' (Colossians 3:11). Any particular culture is of this earth, but the Kingdom of God comes 'from above', and constitutes a call to overcome everything that is 'only human'. On the boundary between the Jewish-Christian and Greek epochs in the history of the Church, Paul proclaimed harmony: in the highest synthesis all diversions and this-worldly distinctions are overcome, be they distinctions of race, gender, social status or cultural form. In the light of this kind of attitude to the Kingdom of God the Christian attitude towards Jews seems to be quite clear: there are Jews who are apostles of God and His Christ and there are Jews who are apostates and enemies of Christ. (In recent times we have become well acquainted with fully 'hellenised' Jewish Christians, even among church leaders.) It is here, it would seem, that the roots of religious antisemitism among Christians are to be found. It is not Jewish 'flesh and blood' that they are opposed to, but 'the dark powers of this age', among whom, 'objectively', all non-Christians and antiChristians are to be found. There is an internal logic in this. If social antisemitism is opposed to the 'flesh', then religious, or 'spiritual' antisemitism, opposed to the 'spirit', is no less a force. Behind the Jews' 'normal human exterior' Christians discern a spirit of opposition to God and hence prepare themselves for 'spiritual


completion of forms. Verification procedures may detect omissions and inconsistencies, but many recorded data are critically dependent on the accuracy of the form-filler. Recent reviews of behavioural research studies are relevant to the comprehension of written materials in general,' 2and the design of forms in particular.3 This latter review showed that, even though the form-filler understood the question and knew the answer, the information entered on the form was not necessarily correct. The implication of this for clinical trials is that careful design of forms may be almost as necessary as having adequate randomisation procedures. The specific problems of designing forms for clinical trials fall into three categories. These relate to: (1) the content of the form, and whether certain questions should be asked at all;


The central process of image compression is some form of quantization in which the image is represented as a sequence of code words drawn from a limited set of symbols. Assume for the sake of simplicity that the original image is in the form of a set of samples (in itself a type of quantization) and that the individual sample or pixel values have been digitized with a sufficient number of bits that the effects of digitization are insignificant. Then the most straight forward method of compression, pulse code modulation (PCM) simply assignes each pixel value to the nearest of a set of quantization levels.


We point out one problem of the orbit control of the ring, a shift of horizontal COD, which is not observable with the present beam position monitor system.


This paper presents numerical study on combustion and emissions characteristics of GDICI(gasoline Direct Injection Compression Ignition) engine using intake preheating. Numerical modeling was conducted by using the KIVA-3V Release2 code. In addition, Chemkin Chemistry solver was integrated into KIVA code to simulate the ignition and combustion precesses in order to predict combustion and exhaust emissions characteristics. The fuel was modeled using PRF mechanims to simulate the fuel oxidation process. To achieve gas pressure in cylinder and emissions characteristics, the experiments were performed on a single-cylinder engine. The simulation results agreed well with the experimental data.


Abstract : Trustworthiness is an important emerging requirement for software systems deployed by the U.S. Air Force. Trustworthiness, briefly stated, is the ability of a software system to be safe, secure, and reliable within a normal operating environment. However, most software systems have not been developed with trustworthiness in mind. Therefore, how do we systematically identify deficits in trustworthiness in existing systems so that they may be re-engineered with trustworthiness as a priority? The Non-Functional Requirements (NFR) Approach provides a framework for identifying gaps in trustworthiness in existing systems, and recommending mechanisms to overcome this shortfall in trustworthiness in re-engineered systems. In this project, we applied the NFR Approach to the Air Force's Phoenix middleware system and determined that it has an 89% shortfall in trustworthiness. The advantages of identifying this deficit include determination of trustworthiness in current systems, exploring environments in which current systems may be used or reused, and prioritizing trustworthiness requirements when these legacy systems are re-engineered.


Results of the recent application studies of laser-based techniques for conservation practice, carried out in the frames of research and conservation projects are presented and discussed. The Gotland Sandstone Project covers laser cleaning, spectroscopic techniques of the process monitoring and materials analysis. The post-processing effect is investigated by means of LIBS, colorimetry, SEM and XEDS in order to answer questions regarding encrustation removal, discoloration and alteration due to environmental pollution and laser interaction, respectively. The cleaning is monitored acoustically. Slight differences in stone yellowing are revealed when applying laser in air or pure N2 environment which is ascribed to material oxidation and partial combustion of surface remnants due to presence of O2 contributing to the final effect of laser cleaning. Results of microscopic observation are supported by the presence of elements S, Al, Ca, and C which prevail in crust. In case of restoration of the historical documents on paper the ablative cleaning and the nearly nondestructive identification and composition analysis of surface layers such as contaminants, substrate and pigments are performed. Spectra obtained by means of the LIPS technique for historical, originally contaminated and also artificially soiled model samples reveal reach structures. The emission lines of Ca, Na, K, Al and Fe are ascribed to contaminants because of intensities decreasing with prolonged surface irradiation during laser cleaning. Bands of Ti and Ba correspond to white pigments (TiO2 and BaSO4) in the paper and are confirmed by the Raman spectra as well. For identification of historical pigments the reference measurements on model substrates are performed, too.


The diurnal distribution of reported road accidents in the U.K. (normally those involving personal injury) shows two major and one minor peak(l)_ The major peaks occur at the morning rush hour and at the evening rush hour, the minor peak at late evening and is probably associated with alcohol usage. These peaks are still present in the data when it is normalised for a . . d . ff. fl ( 2 ) given maJor roa to unit tra ic ow • Nevertheless all conflict studies known to us have been carried out in daylight. We are interested in the differences, if any, in driver behaviour in daylight and in darkness. There is one published study(3) comparing side road driver gap acceptance at the same junction in daylight and darkness, which found no significant difference. It did not consider conflict involvement. We were surprised at this result, as we would expect the psychological state of drivers returning from work might be quite different from that on going to work, irrespective of any differences in their behaviour in daylight and darkness. In addition the perception of the driver may be affected by the darness and by the lights of the oncoming vehicles, again suggesting a difference in gap acceptance behaviour. In the U.K. clock time is reset twice a year with the effect that for the period October-February morning rush hour is in daylight conditions but evening rush hour in darkness.


Reserve power source automatic switch device is widely used in the double power substation,and incoming breaker automatic switch is more common.When the operation mode of inside bridge connection substation changes and a fault happens,reserve power source automatic switch device action may be abnormal,after protection action,reserve power source automatic switch device putting the power supply to the failure point makes grid suffer the fault impact again.From the completely connection mode and incomplete connection mode of inside bridge connection,the action of reserve power source automatic switch device in main transformer fault is analyzed in this paper,the device is improved to enhance the effectiveness of action,giving full play to the role of the device,and improving power supply reliability.


Photo and thermal polyrecombinations of some captodative substituted cyano-, methoxycar-bonyl-, and phenylmethane derivatives were carried out using peroxides as oxidizing agents at room temperature and 130°C. Cyano-substituted methane derivatives easily gave a polymer with a molecular weight of several thousands by both photo and thermal polyrecombinations. Especially, phenylacetonitrile afforded a polymer in good yield even under conditions at which diphenylmethane gave no polymer. Methyl methoxyacetate gave no polymer in the thermal reaction, but afforded a polymer when using high concentrations of an oxidizing agent in the photoreaction. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra demonstrated the production of a polymer with a structure mainly consisting of 1,1-disubstituted methylene units and the generation of a captodative substituted methyl radical in the reaction medium.


Deflection is the important index for evaluation of bridge safety. According to structural characteristics of bridge,semi-closed connected pipe differential pressure sensor is adopted for deflection measurement. Basic principle of the sensor is dissertated,the composition of semi-closed connected pipe differential pressure sensor and the system is introduced,and the sensor is practically utilized in deflection monitoring of Jing-yue Yangtze River Highway Bridge. The result shows that measurement datas gained from semi-closed connected pipe differential pressure sensor can effectively reflect structure state change of bridge,and measuring efficiency,accuracy are enough high.


Aims: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of storage conditions on the of maize-soy flour blend.
Study Design: Preliminary studies were conducted using ratio blends of 70:30, 75:25, 80:20, 85:15, 90:10, 95:5 and 100:0 of maize flour to soy flour. This was to ascertain the best blend formulation for the study. The sensory attributes showed that the ratio 85:15 of maize-soy flour blend was preferred. It was packaged in low density polyethylene (LDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE) and stored at 30.5 ± 3°C with relative humidity of 57% and 82% for 4 months. Analysis of proximate composition, pH, total titratable acidity (TTA), thiobarbuturic acid (TBA) was carried out on the samples at a monthly interval respectively.
Results: Packaging significantly (p > 0.05) affected the chemical qualities of "soy-fermented maize" flour during storage. Moisture content, titratable acidity (TTA) and thiobarbuturic acid (TBA) increased with the storage period (9.46% - 23.5%, 0.12% - 0.21%, and 0.06 - 0.12 respectively) while all other chemical qualities of the soy-fermented maize flour decreased significantly (p > 0.05) (pH: 5.18 - 3.45, protein: 15.21% - 12.18% fat: 7.45% - 5.36%, fibre: 3.27% - 1.65%, ash: 1.12% - 0.89% and carbohydrate: 62.97%  -  56.87%.
Conclusion: The samples packaged in HDPE were more acceptable than those in other packaging materials due to its considerable maintenance of the flour's quality during and after storage.


The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ammonia exposure on stress and immune response in turbot. The species was exposed to five total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations: 0 (control), 1, 5, 20 and 40 mg L−1 for 96 h. After 0, 24, 48 and 96 h of exposure, blood samples were collected to measure the levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, growth hormone (GH), lysozyme (LZM), complement 3 (C3), complement 4 (C4) and immunoglobulinM (IgM); liver samples were taken to analyse oxidative stress parameters (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione, GSH; malondialdehyde, MDA), and gene expression of heat shock proteins (HSP 70 and HSP 90) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). The results showed that exposure to higher concentrations of TAN (20 and/or 40 mg L−1) enhanced the levels of CRH, ACTH and cortisol and attenuated the levels of GH, LZM, C3, C4 and IgM in plasma of turbot after 48 and 96 h. In liver, TAN (20 and/or 40 mg L−1) apparently increased the activities of antioxidative enzymes (SOD and CAT), mRNA levels of HSP (HSP 70 and 90) and formation of MDA, decreased the content of GSH and mRNA levels of IGF-1 after 48 and 96 h of exposure. Overall, our results suggested that high ammonia exposure caused activation of hypothalamic–pituitary–interrenal axis, inhibition of GH/IGF axis and immunity, and occurrence of oxidative stress.


Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of the expression of potassium channels Kv2.1 in post-myocardial infarction (MI) rat heart. Methods Using a rat model of MI, induced by the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation in female Sprague-Dawley rats, the living rats were enrolled into post-MI group. Accordingly, the sham-operation group (sham-group) was established.According to the time of getting sample, the living rats in each group were divided into two subgroups (7 days group and 30 days group). Using semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blots, we measured mRNA and channel protein of Kv2.1 in each group. Results Compared to the sham-group, Kv2.1 mRNA and channel protein in the post-MI group remarkably decreased regardless of 7 days or 30 days (P0.05 or P0.01). Compared to the 7 days post-MI group, Kv2.1 mRNA and protein in the 30 days post-MI group remarkably reduced (P0.05). Conclusions The expression of potassium channels Kv2.1 after myocardial infarction exhibits the time-dependent downregulation, which may be one of the molecular mechanisms that are able to cause the arrhythmia after myocardial infarction.


As useful compounds in organic chemistry and natural product chemistry, polysubstituted benzenes also play important roles in medicinal chemistry for the fact that they have common structural features in various bioactive molecules and are frequently employed as precursors for the synthesis of many bioactive heterocyclic compounds [1]. Biaryls are important as they constitute the core unit in many of the natural and synthetic compounds endowed with useful biological properties [2]. As part of our study on the development of new routes to heterocyclic systems, we now report a simple synthesis of functionalized benzenes. Thus, reaction of activated acetylenes with 1, 3dicarbonyl compounds such as 1, 3-dibenzoylmethan in the presence of cesyomdicarbonae (Cs2CO3) in PEG leads to the corresponding functionalized benzenes 1a-i in good yields (Scheme 1).


Aim: Urticaria is a common condition in children for which Paediatricians are consulted. In Ayurveda, it can be correlated with Sheetapitta which is a Tridoshaja vyadhi. The present study is aimed to show the effect of Polyherbal formulation in Sheetapitta (Urticaria) in children. Background: Urticaria is defined as a transient eruption of cir- cumscribed oedematous and usually itchy swellings of the dermis. As per Ayurveda, Urticaria can be correlated with Sheetapitta in terms of clinic features, causative factors and pathogenesis. Case Description: A 14-year-old female patient with her mother from Haridwar district came in OPD of Department of Kaumarbhritya, Rishikul Campus, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Haridwar with the presenting complaints of red rashes all over the body along with itching, burning sensation and swelling since 2 years also having associated complaints like nasal con- gestion, sneezing and swelling B/L eyes from 2 months. On examining upper respiratory tract left-sided nasal hy- pertrophy, chapped lips, white-coated tongue, rt. sided slightly enlarged tonsils were found. On examining the In- tegumentary system, maculopapular lesions were present mainly over the upper limb, lower limb, chest and back. Swelling underneath B/L eyes was also present. The effect of the treatment was assessed on the basis of relief in itching and clearance of lesions. Conclusion: After the intervention of the polyherbal formulation for 45 days, there was a marked improvement in symptoms like Kandu, Vidaha and Shotha etc. So, it was concluded that internal use of Polyherbal formulation along with external use of Anu taila and the local application of Urtiplex lotion is highly effective in the management of Sheetapitta (Urticaria).
Keywords: Urticaria, Sheetapitta, Kandu, Allergic disease


Infiltrative nature of lesions is a significant feature of malignant breast lesion in ultrasound images. Characterizing infiltrative nature is crucial for the realization of computer-aided diagnosis system. In this study, the infiltrative nature is regarded as an energy that produces irregularly and considerably local variances in a 1-D signal. The local variances can be enhanced by few high octave energies in 1-D discrete periodized wavelet transform (DPWT). A test dataset of breast sonograms with the lesion contour delineated by an experienced physician and two inexperienced students are built for feature efficacy evaluation. A high individual performance result implies that the proposed feature is well correlated with radiologist's perception and closer to match those in trained physician than morphometric parameters. Experimental results also reveal that with a great performance improvement, the proposed feature is suitable for the combination with some morphometric parameters.


Gallium metal readily prompted the allylation of aldehydes and ketones with allyl iodide. α, β-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds underwent only 1,2-addition.


Abstract Purpose: To elucidate current practice patterns among Endourological Society members for acutely obstructing ureteral stones necessitating intervention. Methods: A practice pattern survey was sent to members of the Endourological Society using Survey Monkey. The following question stem was given: "Patient presents to the ER with acute renal colic and intractable pain, no signs of infection, i.e. afebrile and no pyuria. Stone is obstructing, and causing intractable pain; thus observation or medical expulsive therapy is not appropriate." A follow-up stem was provided for specific scenarios: "Calculus measuring x mm at x location. What is your preferred management option?" The options given for immediate management included shockwave lithotripsy (SWL), ureteroscopy (URS), stent placement, or percutaneous management. Results: Four hundred and sixteen complete responses of approximately 2000 were received. There was a significant difference in management choice based on stone location (P<0.001) and st...


Aim of the work The purpose of this study was to compare stress induced by the conventional design of lower unilateral free-end saddle and side plate with extra-coronal attachment (OT Cap attachment) and record the micro-strains induced by this stress. Materials and methods Strain gauge technology was used for strain analysis. A two-layer epoxy resin model with a unilateral distal extension base was used in this study with the second premolar as the last standing abutment. Model A: A lower metallic partial denture was made with an RPI clasp as a direct retainer on the second premolar and a double Aker clasp for cross-arch stabilization on the 1st and 2nd molars of the dentulous side, and the lingual plate served as a major connector. Model B: Lower metallic partial denture was made with the extra-coronal attachment (OT Cap attachment) as a direct retainer on the second premolar splinted with the first premolar by crowns. Stresses were measured vertically and obliquely at the buccal and lingual sides of the lower 2nd premolar, the edentulous ridge in the lower 2nd molar, and the double Aker in the dentulous side of model A. However, stresses were measured vertically and obliquely at the buccal and lingual side of the lower 2nd premolar and the edentulous ridge in the lower 2nd molar of model B. Data were collected, tabulated, and statistically analyzed using the SPSS software program. Results The present study revealed that stresses recorded at the abutment teeth and the ridge in the area of the lower second molar were higher in the case of conventional RPD than in OT attachment and the micro strains recorded around the abutment tooth were much more than micro-strains recorded around the residual ridge. Conclusions Mandibular partial denture using OT attachment can be considered as a prosthetic option for the management of class II Kennedy classification as it can improve the integrity of the alveolar bone of the abutment tooth and the residual ridge. Splinting of abutments reduces the stresses located in the buccal and lingual aspects of the abutment connection between the abutment and the OT attachment allowing better distribution of the stresses between the abutment tooth and the ridge vertically and obliquely.


This paper describes the printing conditions of ink jet printer. It is found that(1) to characterize the printing condition, there are two fundamental qualities; a velocity ratio (ka) -1 and a nozzle diameter 2a, (k; wave number), (2) to make the ratio of printing distortion 4% and less, two fundamental parameters, (ka) -1 and 2a, must satisfy the next condition. (ka) -1·2a>0.7/π (n+1), (n; number of uncharged drop), (3) the diameter D of mosaic dot is K0·a3/2√ (ka) -1, (K0; coefficient). If a printing velocity, a printing quality and a sort of printing character are given, the design parameters are decided reasonably with above conditions. This study has developed a new high speed and high quality ink jet printer, of which the line density is 10 line/mm and the printing error ratio is under 10-7/character.


Convective drying is a common process for the treatment of particulate solids also operated in continuous mode. Continuous operation is characterised by operation in steady-state with constant product throughput and constant product quality. Due to external influences, i.e. seasonal or local variations in the properties of the initial wet material, deviations in the product quality can result, for example over- or under-drying, or on-set of unwanted reaction. In this contribution a new feedback control concept is developed that is robust with respect to variations and uncertainties in the drying kinetics of the material and can reject and attenuate process disturbances. Keywords: Process control; drying kinetics; robustness; fluidized bed; yeast.


The range of applications of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is increasing continuously despite of their serious constraints of the sensor nodes' resources such as storage, processing capacity, communication range and energy. The main issues in WSN are the energy consumption and the delay in relaying data to the Sink node. This becomes extremely important when deploying a big number of nodes, like the case of industry pollution monitoring. We propose an artificial neural network based energy-efficient and robust routing scheme for WSNs called ELDC. In this technique, the network is trained on huge data set containing almost all scenarios to make the network more reliable and adaptive to the environment. Additionally, it uses group based methodology to increase the life-span of the overall network, where groups may have different sizes. An artificial neural network provides an efficient threshold values for the selection of a group's CN and a cluster head based on back propagation technique and allows intelligent, efficient, and robust group organization. Thus, our proposed technique is highly energy-efficient capable to increase sensor nodes' lifetime. Simulation results show that it outperforms LEACH protocol by 42 percent, and other state-of-the-art protocols by more than 30 percent.


An efficient 3-D FDTD formulation for the precise analysis of electromagnetic phenomena in graphene structures is presented in this paper. The new concept considers the surface nature of graphene's conductivity and encompasses it directly into the integral form of Maxwell's equations, avoiding the necessity to discretize the material's transverse dimension via a subcell process. Hence, the proposed technique is much easier to implement and combined with existing FDTD codes, as it requires less computational time. Numerical verification involving comparisons with closed-form solutions and the results of other schemes, exhibits the high accuracy of the algorithm.


Support vector machine (SVM) has become a popular classification tool but the main disadvantages of SVM are their large memory requirement and computation time to deal with very large datasets. Therefore we prefer to incremental learning algorithms especially when the data available are obtained at different intervals. The key of SVM to incremental training is to assure the final results consists of almost all support vectors. This paper proposes a divisional incremental training algorithm of SVM, considering the possible impact of new training data to history learning results. Training data are divided into smaller sets to decrease the computation complexity and the support vectors are obtained in a crossed way. The experiment results on the real-world test dataset show that the classification accuracy is satisfying, and the efficiency of proposed incremental algorithm is superior to that of batch SVM model.


OBJECTIVE
To examine the treatment outcomes of the EXTREME regimen as the first-line therapy for recurrent/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

STUDY DESIGN
Observational study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Turkiye, between January 2014 and December 2021.

METHODOLOGY
A total of 60 patients with recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancers were treated with EXTREME regimen. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to determine the factors associated with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

RESULTS
Patients receiving cetuximab in combination with chemotherapy for metastatic or unresectable disease were obtained from patient files and electronic medical records. Majority of patients were male (78.3%). The median PFS of patients was 7 months. The median survival of the patients was 9.06 months. During follow-up, 55 patients (91.7%) relapsed, and 51 patients (85%) died. The median survival of patients with eastern cooperative oncology group (ECOG) performance status 0, 1, and 2 was 16, 9, and 4 months, respectively. And the survival of patients was found significantly lower with lower ECOG performance scores.

CONCLUSION
OS was determined as 9.06 months. ECOG performance score had an important effect on the survival.

KEY WORDS
Cetuximab, Head and neck cancer, Chemotherapy.


Irritability is increasingly recognized as a significant clinical problem in youth. It is a criterion for multiple diagnoses and predicts the development of a wide range of disorders. Research on its etiology suggests that genetic and family environmental factors play a role, as do abnormalities in reward and cognitive-control neural circuitry. However, many of these effects are age dependent. Threat-responsive self-regulatory systems and the degree to which irritability is tonic or phasic influence whether irritable youth exhibit more internalizing or more externalizing outcomes.


Abstract The concept of a policy advisory system (PAS) is devised to study the diverse range of actors involved in the policy formulation process from a system level. An optimal PAS should be adaptable, autonomous and transparent, and should deliver substantive and timely advice. This article discusses factors influencing developments in Ireland's PAS, including the broader trends of politicisation and externalisation. The findings are informed by interviews and a survey circulated to Irish civil servants who perform policy worker tasks and are engaged in providing advice to ministers. The research finds that new structural and institutional arrangements introduced to Ireland's PAS have created a greater capacity for evidence-based advice in the internal PAS and a more contested space for policy advice. It also highlights that this has not fundamentally disturbed embedded characteristics of the Irish policymaking environment. Political demand pressures from ministers (both personal and electoral) can drive elements of politicisation within the civil service whereby policy advice is weighted or discarded based on ministerial preferences.


And an object of the present invention comprises the steps of transmitting first and second wireless signals in a plurality of devices is to provide a technical solution (solution), the technical solution for recognizing a destination device from a plurality of devices, the first and the determining a target device in accordance with the signal intensity difference between the second signal strength. By using the technical solution of the present invention, and the "effects of perspective (near-far-effect)" which are caused by a single antenna can be overcome, and the different offsets of the measured reception time intensity caused by the diversity of receive antennas in addition to the accuracy may be removed, and thus recognized (recognition) is efficiently improved.


Within the past 20 years, the arts have gained increasing prominence in educational discourses as well as public arenas. At the same time that traditional genres of art (e.g., music, visual art, and performance) are being taught as part of school curricula, the study of the arts in education has taken on new venues in supporting learning and teaching through technology and multimedia (Carey, 2005; Eisner, 2002; Flood, Heath, & Lapp, 2005). These new foci are especially critical in bridging the local and the global, and in linking cultures and worlds across age, time, and space that in earlier periods in history would have been virtually impossible to connect. Moreover, they portend opportunities for enhancing learning and improving pedagogy and practice (Bresler, 2001; Bresler & Ardichivili, 2002). They call attention to the ways in which these opportunities are constructed across place and culturally diverse groups, how knowledge (and what counts as knowledge) is defined and shaped within and outside of formal classrooms, and the ways in which reciprocal relationships across different settings are (re)formed and sustained. In short, they prompt us to examine critically how patterns of practice in areas outside of the arts are supported through the arts. They urge us to take up questions about the role the arts play in linking students' knowledge outside the classroom with the knowledge gained through the official curriculum and, in turn, about how such knowledge contributes to the formation of student and teacher identities. This chapter focuses on the arts within a social–cultural–contextual framework, examining their role as a (re)source in educational theory, research, and practice. Rather than highlighting individual disciplines within the field, typically referred to as "the arts," the chapter is concerned with the changing nature of the arts and what counts as the arts.1 The chapter has a six-part structure that begins with an overview of issues that are central to redefining the relationship of the arts and education. This is followed


Objective To understand the carrying rate of Salmonella from nonsymptomatic chickens in clinic and distribution of serotypes and genotypes of Salmonella in Hefei.Method A total of 500 samples of anal swabs from parent breeder chickens and commercial broiler chickens were detected by national standards and polymerase chainreaction(PCR).Meanwhile,its serotype was identified by agglutination test,and the genotype was analyzed by Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus-PCR(ERIC-PCR).Result The detectable rate of Salmonella was 4.2%.The 21 isolated strains of Salmonella were identified as 5 serotypes,including 14 strains of S.gallinarum-pullorum(66.67%),3 strains of S.newlands(14.29%),2 strains of S.muenster(9.52%),1 strain of S.tshiongwe(4.76%) and 1 strain of S.Saintpaul(4.76%);They were classified as 5 clusters and 7 genotypes by ERIC-PCR.The strains with same serotype and source were classified into same genotype.Conclusion S.gallinarum-pullorum is the dominant serotype in the detected chickens in Hefei,and genotype is correlative with serotype to a certain degree.


At the Helmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐Rossendorf an experimental plant is developed to investigate the formation of magnetic fields in flows of liquid metals. Because of the enormous hazard potential of the used liquid sodium it is essential to avoid any damages during operation and so a detailed analysis using the finite element method is necessary considering the various mechanical and thermal loads. Therefore several tens of thousands load cases have to be taken into account. Hence an algorithm is developed to identify the relevant stresses referring to FKM guideline which are used for the static and fatigue strength assessment. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The study examines the relationship among perceived performance appraisals (PA) and retaining employees in Lebanese banks from a human resources management (HRM) viewpoint. As a consequence of regulatory demands and high levels of employee turnover, improvements are urgently required in Lebanon. The study explores the effects of perceived PA effectiveness on the employees in Lebanese banking sector and in particular explores the complexity of partnership between basic PA successful elements (targets, requirements, expectations, source and input and frequency) and the purposes of employee turnover. For data collection, a questionnaire has been distributed over 201 respondents. The obtained data has been then analyzed using SPSS. The results reveal that the expected efficacy of PA in Lebanese banking has a detrimental connection to the goals of employee turnover. Multiple linear regression (MLR) reveals the substantial intention for employee turnover within the banking industry as Lebanon as a feedback aspect of PA. Structural equation modeling (SEM) results show that three components of PA accounted for 37% of the improvement in workers purpose. The findings indicate that increased understanding of the PA systems will help to minimize the turnover intention.


. Waste is widely used in road construction, including the use of waste materials or natural materials. Crumb rubber is a waste product that comes from unused car tires and can pollute the environment if not treated properly. Using scrap tires (crumb rubber) in combination with asphalt is one technique to get around this problem. There is still a lack of information about crumb rubber and solid natural rubber in paving roads. This paper will follow the rubber asphalt research conducted and produce a map to identify research areas that have not been further investigated. According to the search results, much research has been done on the usage of crumb rubber, but little has been done on solid natural rubber. The utilization of a blend of natural rubber and crumb rubber is the suggested study topic that more researchers could pursue.


Vaccine Nation: America's Changing Relationship with Immunization, by Elena Conis. Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, 2015. 353 pp. $27.50 US (cloth), $18.00 (paper). Given extensive news reports about parents refusing to vaccinate their children, it might seem surprising that American children actually receive more vaccinations than ever before. Less than 0.5 percent of children receive no vaccines at all. In this smart and balanced book, Conis argues that widespread adherence to vaccination is at least as worthy of study as vaccine resistance. She turns her lens on the proliferation of vaccines in the postwar era when new vaccines targeted the "milder" diseases of childhood such as measles, mumps, and whopping cough. More recently, vaccines have been developed and promoted that protect against diseases that largely affect adults (HPV and Hepatitis B), but are given predominantly to children. Through a careful examination of vaccine development, federal vaccine policies, and the public debate over vaccination, Conis demonstrates why health policy-makers have promoted vaccination and why children receive most of the vaccinations. In doing so, she helps us to understand the growing resistance to vaccination. Conis argues that vaccines came to be seen as an important public good in the wake of the polio epidemics of the middle decades of the twentieth century. The timing of this might be slightly off: toxoid had already had a dramatic impact on reducing deaths from diphtheria. She argues that the rise of pediatrics as a medical specialty and the array of public health services provided to children ensured that children were more easily accessed than other segments of the population and that as a result, children became the primary focus of vaccination. Public funding for vaccinations increased in the post-war era not only because policy-makers realized that the vaccines could dramatically reduce disease but also because after the introduction of the polio and measles vaccines, it became clear that these diseases were increasingly concentrated in poorer neighbourhoods and among African American and Hispanic populations. Vaccines were a relatively cheap option for reducing health disparities. At the same time, new vaccines changed perceptions of childhood illnesses. Measles had once been dismissed as an inconvenience, but vaccine promoters emphasized that measles could have dangerous side-effects including encephalitis, deafness, and brain damage. Mumps was similarly transformed from a mild disease of childhood to one with frightening complications including male sterility and mental retardation. Conis argues that the introduction of the mumps, measles, and rubella (MMR) vaccine by Merck in 1971 ensured that American children would be vaccinated against the mumps, but she does not believe that a profit-seeking pharmaceutical company duped Americans into vaccinating their children. Instead, she argues that concern about the declining birth rate made the possible complications of the mumps seem more serious. …


The invention relates to an advertisement release method for an Internet television. The advertisement release method is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps that: a control device obtains a critical value between regular blinking frequency and frequent blinking frequency of a user according to statistics and analysis of blinking frequency data of the user within a certain period, and records the result; when the user watches a video-on-demand program on the Internet, the control device statistically collects the blinking frequency of the user according to data acquired by infrared eyeball tracking equipment, and when the blinking frequency of the user reaches the critical value of a frequent blinking state, the control device transmits an advertisement insertion request to a server side; and the server side transmits an advertisement banner to a television terminal according to the request transmitted by the control device, the advertisement banner is inserted into the lower end of video contents which are played, the advertisement banner is removed after the advertisement banner is played, and the original video is continuously and normally played. By adopting the method, not only can the advertisement watching rate of the user be guaranteed, but also the overall feeling of the user during video watching is not exorbitantly influenced.


The DINA model is one of the most widely used models in cognitive and skills diagnosis, and several algorithms have been developed for estimating the model parameters. However, since the parameter space is very large and has a mix of binary variables, even medium-sized testing is extremely challenging. To make the model practical, a fast optimization algorithm for parameter estimation is needed. In this study, we converted the deterministic Q-matrix learning problem into a Boolean matrix factorization (BMF) problem and developed a recursive algorithm to find an approximate solution while solving the uncertainty parameters analytically using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). We proved that the MLE is equivalent to the minimum information entropy of the DINA model. Simulation results demonstrated that our proposed algorithm converges rapidly to the optimal solution under suitable initial values of skill - item association and is insensitive to the initial values of the uncertainty parameters.


The paper evaluates the impact of the Chinese minimum wage policy on consumption of low income household for the period 2002-2009. Using a representative household panel, we find that the consumption response to minimum wage hikes is increasing in the minimum wage share of household income. In particular, we find that poorer households fully consume their additional income. This large unitary consumption elasticity of income is driven by households with at least one child, while childless poor households save two thirds of a minimum wage hike. The expenditure increase is concentrated in health care and education with potentially long-lasting benefits to household welfare. JEL Classification: E24, J38, C26


During the transmission of ultrasound, its great directionality, ubiquitous penetration and the ability to strengthen the diffusion, exchange and transfer of matter can help the treating fluid reach the crossing points of silk fabric. And the function of ultrasonic wave can make use of acoustic cavitation effect to produce impact on sericin layer at the crossing point, thus promoting the fragmentation and separation of sericin, improving the removal efficiency of sericin at crossing points and achieving uniform silk fiber degumming. The function of ultrasonic wave can cut down the time of process and avoid the damage of fibroin through controlling the temperature and dose of chemical agent.


Fall-off curves for the unimolecular rate constant k2 of the reaction Ċ2H3Cl2 [graphic omitted] C2H3Cl +Ċl have been calculated by the Forst and RRKM methods and compared with the experimental results reported in Part 1 and by Huybrechts et al. The Forst calculations can be fitted to the Part 1 results, but then predict k(∞)2 values that lie below the experimental results of Huybrechts et al. which refer to lower temperatures and higher pressures. In contrast RRKM calculations using higher Arrhenius parameters give fall-off curves that are compatible with all available experimental data. The preferred RRKM models without allowance for the centrifugal effect have E(∞)2≈ 19.6 kcal mol–1(82 kJ mol–1) and A(∞)2≈ 1014.0 s–1. When a reasonable centrifugal effect is allowed for the early transition state (I+/I≈ 2) the preferred models have E2≈ 20.0 kcal mol–1(84 kJ mol–1) and A(∞)2≈ 1014.3 s–1. Our experimental evaluations of k(p)–2 are used in conjunction with earlier experimental results and RRKM-based calculations for the reverse reaction Ċl + C2H3Cl [graphic omitted] Ċ2H3Cl2 to evaluate A(∞)–2 and E(∞)–2.


An intrusion of loop current water up DeSoto Canyon and onto the West Florida continental shelf to within 8 km of the shore occurred in February 1977. Boat, aircraft, and satellite data collected in the area for another purpose were used to estimate the space and time scales of the intrusion and the ultimate fate of the intruded waters. The duration of the event was 18 days. Oceanic waters advanced across the shelf at speeds of 20 cm s/sup -1/. At maximum intrusion, 6650 km/sup 2/ of shelf were affected. Approximately half the intruded water receded off the shelf, and half appears to have been modified in situ.


On 6 April 2010, the FSA published Draft Guidance setting out its views on when persons might be "acting in concert" or hold deemed voting power for the purposes of its controller regime (the "Draft Guidance"). The Draft Guidance, once finalised, will become part of the FSA's Supervision Manual, and follows changes made to the controller regime as a result of the implementation in March 2009 of the Acquisitions Directive. Prior to that, the regime required aggregation of shares or voting power where persons were "associated". This included circumstances where they had an agreement or arrangement under which they undertook to act together in exercising their voting power. The FSA's controller regime now requires the aggregation of shareholdings or voting power where persons are "acting in concert". It also requires the aggregation of voting power in circumstances where there is an agreement between two or more persons which obliges them to adopt, by concerted exercise of the voting rights they hold, "a lasting common policy towards the management of the institution in question". The aggregation and disclosure of voting power under concert arrangements will be familiar to many, in light of the FSA's Rules requiring the public disclosure of significant shareholdings in publicly quoted companies. Similarly, the Takeover Code, in establishing whether its mandatory offer provisions are triggered, requires the aggregation of holdings of concert parties. However, the FSA's views on concert arrangements for the purposes of its controller regime are of particular significance, given that the acquisition of "control" of a FSA authorised firm requires the FSA's prior approval, and failure to obtain that approval is an offence. In July 2009, Sir David Walker published, for consultation, his review of corporate governance in UK banks and other financial institutions. This included recommendations designed to strengthen shareholder engagement with the boards of investee companies, with the aim of promoting good corporate governance. In August 2009, the FSA wrote to the Institutional Shareholders' Committee of the Association of British Insurers (ABI) to share its thinking on the extent to which its disclosure and controller regimes might affect active shareholder engagement, and in particular where co-operative action by shareholders might constitute concert party arrangements. The FSA's view at the time was that there was no fundamental inconsistency between the requirements of those regimes and its support for shareholder engagement. However, and as the FSA stated, its intention was to keep the position under review, and the Draft Guidance expands on the thinking contained in that letter. Some of the issues the Draft Guidance raises, in particular in relation to shareholder engagement, are discussed below.


Abstract For a fixed integer e and prime p we construct the p-adic order bounded group valuations for a given abelian group G. These valuations give Hopf orders inside the group ring KG where K is an extension of $\mathbb{Q} _{p}$ with ramification index e. The orders are given explicitly when G is a p-group of order p or p 2. An example is given when G is not abelian.


PURPOSE: To supply an accurate control voltage in an automatic gain control circuit for a digital baseband line equalizer observed in a repeater used for digital telephone communication. CONSTITUTION: This automatic gain control circuit generates the control voltage for the digital base band line equalizer provided with ternary output signals. The circuit is provided with a capacitor 216 for storing charges so as to generate the control voltage, a charging circuit for charging the capacitor 216 in the case that the amplitude of the ternary output signals exceeds a reference voltage and a discharging circuit for discharging the capacitor 216 only when the ternary output signals are at a non-zero level. COPYRIGHT: (C)1995,JPO


In many Latin American countries, indigenous populations have recently exhibited rapid growth. Many scholars recognize that this indigenous population resurgence is due to a combination of demographic processes, such as births, deaths, and migration, as well as changing racial-ethnic identities. However, there is little quantitative data verifying the relative importance of these two types of processes for indigenous population growth. We seek to fill this gap by quantifying the relative contribution of both mechanisms in Brazil's indigenous population resurgence. Our findings indicate that during the 1990s, race-ethnic reclassification was more important than demographic processes. This varied regionally, in that identity change was most important in northeastern and southeastern Brazil. These findings bear implications regarding indigenous movements, identity politics, and prospective indigenous population growth in Brazil and elsewhere.


This article proposes a novel duty ratio regulated virtual voltage vector (VV) model predictive torque control (MPTC) strategy for post-fault eight switch three-phase inverter fed induction motor drive with reduced neutral point (NP) voltage fluctuation. The proposed method contributes to substantially improve the steady-state torque control performance under post-fault conditions. Furthermore, compared with the conventional MPTC, it reduces the torque ripples as well as the NP voltage fluctuations. The mathematical model of eight-switch three-phase post-fault inverter fed induction motor is presented. Based on this, the synthesis of virtual VV is analyzed. Simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Summary.
A brief introductory account of the structure of the thyroid gland and the general effects of its hormone are given.

There is sufficient experimental evidence to warrant the conclusion that in birds, as in other vertebrates, the level of thyroid function is regulated by a hormone of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, the thyrotrophic hormone.

Increased thyroid activity during the cooler period of the year is found in a number of species, and this is probably widespread.

For all species so far tested, feathers grown during thyroid deficiency show abnormally loose texture and become elongated and narrow. Reverse changes can be produced by thyroid administration to normal birds.

The relationship between the thyroid and migratory behaviour, though probable, needs further investigation.

Feather pigmentation is in some species unaffected by the thyroid, but is increased in others.

There is undoubtedly a relationship between the moult and increased thyroid activity since a phase of high thyroid function preceding the moult is of widespread occurrence. In some gallinaceous birds the moult can be precipitated by thyroid administration, but not in ducks. In some species complete suppression of the moult has been claimed if thyroidectomy is performed sufficiently far ahead of the next moult due. Complete dependence of moulting on a raised output of thyroid hormone has, however, not yet been proved for any species.

So far there is experimental evidence, which requires comfirmation, from one species only that return of the gonad to the resting condition following the breeding-season recrudescence is to a considerable extent dependent on the thyroid.

In Domestic Fowls thyroid hormone affects the spur.


This paper proposes an optimized and efficient matching method based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for image matching. PSO is an efficient intelligent algorithm in image matching. It is a kind of stochastic optimized algorithm developed by Eberhart and Kennedy in 1995. In this paper, the application of PSO is focused on image matching in 3 dimensions with variant angles. The ordinary template matching for the 3 dimensions image matching involves large computational complexity. PSO has been improved in the aspect of self-adaption for convergence. Combining PSO with the individual intelligence, the computation and error rate have been significantly reduced. An extended part of PSO algorithm called multi-swarms is introduced. The multi-swarms PSO (MPSO) is applied to the multi-targets matching in the high dimension space. The performance of MPSO is satisfactory due to the interaction between different swarms such as repulsion and convergence. The Experiments results show that Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm is much faster in the image matching tasks. MPSO has a good performance in multi-targets matching which involves huge computation complexity.


The guest editors of this special issue on The Power of the Powerless, forty years after its composition, here introduce the collection. They present the rationale for revisiting Václav Havel's classic essay and explain how this collection was inspired by an "international symposium by correspondence" that Jiří Suk of the Institute for Contemporary History and Kristina Andělová of Charles University, both in Prague, initiated in 2015, resulting in a collective volume entitled Jednoho dne se v našem zelináři cosi vzbouří: Eseje o Moci bezmocných. The guest editors briefly summarize each of the seventeen essays featured in the present collection and contextualize the newly annotated English translation of The Power of the Powerless that concludes it.


Maximum Power Point Tracking is essential to utilize the optimum amount of power produced through photovoltaic systems otherwise which a substantial amount of power is wasted and results in its poor feasibility. This paper puts forward a straightforward methodology for the design of MPPT and comparison of the efficiency of the most popular methods available. This work is focused on the testing of these methods under varying climatic conditions with variation in solar irradiance and the results obtained validate its use for the increased feasibility and effectiveness of the collective Photovoltaic system.


The apparatus for supplying oxygen and the one for removing carbon dioxide were necessary to ensure the safety of persons in closed environment. Generating oxygen by potassium peroxide and sodium chlorate were the most common chemical oxygen-generating methods in closed environment at present. The principle of the two methods, the use, the main characteristics, the safety and the development of the two kinds of the equipment were introduced in this paper.


The present report describes the work of Alessandro Costacurta at DTU as part of his MSc thesis, in the period October 2000 – April 2001, under the supervision of Enrico Savio and Leonardo De Chiffre.


hermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) based on polytetramethylene glycol T (PTMG) has superior mechanical properties as well as hydrolytic stability and is widely used in a variety of applications. TPU based on polypropylene glycol (PPG), on the other hand, is inferior in mechanical properties and fabricability and consequently misses many application opportunities in spite of its low material cost. Over the past decade there have been a considerable number of studies [1-3] reported on the mechanical properties and morphology of TPUs prepared from polyether composed of only PO or PO/EO block sequence. But there has hardly been work reported on TPUs prepared from polyether composed of PO/EO random sequence so far. It is accepted that the elastomeric properties of TPUs arise from phase separation between hard and soft segment and its degree determines the overall character of the polymers. The kind of soft segment which consists of a long polyether chain has great influences on the degree of phase separation [4,5].


This paper presents a study of chemical inhomogeneity formation indirect casting of a 6 to ingot, using the AnyCasting software (Var.3.10, 2009). The ingot was obtained from steel with a medium content of carbon alloyed with chromium, molybdenum and vanadium, type 1.2344 (X40CrMoV51) (conf. DIN 17350), using the procedure of ingot mould gravity filling (direct casting). Such an ingot is subsequently subjected to a hot plastic deformation in order to obtain flat semifinished. The presence of these semi-finished of chemical inhomogeneities influences the behaviour of the ingot deformation.


SUMMARY Many of the articles in this special issue on customer satisfaction are dealing with very specific concerns associated with explaining tourist and customer satisfaction. This article is more generic in nature and reaches down to a more fundamental level of recognizing that the locus of satisfaction resides between the service provider and customer. It is the interaction process that transpires between these roles that creates a dissatisfied or satisfied, and in some cases a delighted tourist. The approach taken is largely qualitative because of its theoretical nature. It draws from the fields of social psychology, leisure-tourism, sociology, and business that offer insight into how best to handle and manage such social interactions. It is proposed that this intrinsic interaction model is key to unlocking the complex exchange mechanisms between the service provider and the tourist customer. This article is an initial step in examining the positive interaction process that leads to reinforcing satisfactory experiences in a tourist situation, thereby broadening our understanding of service satisfaction.


Green leafy vegetables are an important to include in daily diet. GLV contains fiber, essential vitamins and minerals such as iron, calcium and magnesium and added to daily diet. They also provide protection against diseases, like high cholesterol, heart diseases, and diabetes etc. Due to lack of awareness about nutritional importance of Green leafy Vegetables these are underutilized and discarded, feed to the domestic animals. Underutilized greens which are not in a daily diet. Underutilized greens contain nutritional potential which can lead towards nutritional security. Increasing the consumption of underutilized greens in our diet can be a food based approach for treating micronutrient deficiency. Most of the people is unaware about the nutritional benefits of underutilized green vegetables their use in preventing micronutrient deficiency and many products are prepared by them which are used in income generation and employment. Knowledge regarding underutilized greens may improve dietary behavior or nutrition knowledge, attitude and behavior is important to improve dietary practice and inclusion of underutilized green leafy vegetables in daily diet.


Electro-optic (EO) sensors can be used for mine identification in turbid shallow water and very shallow water domains in which spatially- and temporally-variant conditions severely limit the effectiveness of acoustic and visual sensors. Also, EO sensors produce images with significantly finer resolution than acoustic sensors, making identification of mines possible rather than just classification of minelike targets. This paper presents image processing and enhancement techniques that improve mine identification probability. Due to the large variation in brightness, contrast, and texture across EO images, virtually all processing performed on these images must be local in nature. In an effort to compensate for the differences in image quality, several preprocessing techniques for noise reduction and contrast enhancement are applied to the images. A texture analysis is performed on the enhanced images in an effort to locate likely man-made surfaces. Of particular interest, the SUSAN (Smallest Univalue Segment Assimilating Nucleus) principle is investigated as a tool for both image enhancement and texture analysis. The performance of this technique, recently introduced by researchers from Oxford University, is compared with that of more traditional methods. The incompatibility of processes that produce visually appealing images with those that perform target detection is illustrated.


The microcomputer based anti-misoperation lockout device with the function of invalid program preventing is discussed. The principles and structure of hardware and software are presented. This system can prevent invalid program from occurring and guarantee imperative lockout for primary equipments in any condition.


This paper presents the design and prototype of a wireless health monitoring system using mobile phone accessories. We focus on measuring real time Electrocardiogram (ECG) and Heart rate monitoring using a smart phone case. With the increasing number of cardiac patients worldwide, this design can be used for early detection of heart diseases. Unlike most of the existing methods that use an optical sensor to monitor heart rate, our approach is to measure real time ECG with dry electrodes placed on smart phone case. The collected ECG signal can be stored and analyzed in real time through a smart phone application for prognosis and diagnosis. The proposed hardware system consists of a single chip microcontroller (RFduino) embedded with Bluetooth low energy (BLE), hence miniaturizing the size and prolonging battery life. The system called "Smart Case" has been tested in a lab environment. We also designed a 3D printed smart phone case to validate the feasibly of the system. The results demonstrated that the proposed system could be comparable to medical grade devices. INTRODUCTION: Health care monitoring through smart phones has been increasing rapidly in recent years, due to its ubiquity, accessible and easy to use. However, quality and affordability of the health care systems are major problems around the globe. A large number of people with low income facing issues with the high cost of healthcare system; moreover, many individuals are not able to get the quality of health care they need. The cost of healthcare monitoring in the United States alone is 393.5 billion in the year of 2005 [1]. According to [2], total medical cost is 4 million each year for non-cardiac cases. With the help of a smart phone based healthcare monitoring system, we can reduce these costs. This system can allow users to have instant medical checkup, lab reports and store these data for later use. The stored information can be used [3][4]. Smart phone applications like prescription reminder, calorie measurement, appointment with medical doctors, hospital locators can ease the accessibility. Nowadays, smart phones are not only for communication purpose as they used to be, and they could support a wide range of applications. A large number of smart phone based medical devices are becoming more popular for fitness [5][8]. Health monitoring devices are being miniaturized in size and are more user friendly, which allow complex computation and sensing vital information such as heart rate, ECG, Oximetry and respiration. Statistics show that remote monitoring devices have played a vital role to reduce the re-hospitalization rate. Fig. 1. Basic architecture of the proposed system. The system consists of two silver plated sensors with proposed analog signal and low power wireless module. Heart disease is one of major causes of death, especially for the elderly people.


RUPPENTHAL, G. C.; HARLOW, M. K.; EISELE, C. D.; HARLOw, H. F.; and Suoux, S. J. Development of Peer Interactions of Monkeys Reared in a Nuclear-Family Environment. CmLD DEVELOPMENT, 1974, 45, 670-682. Rhesus monkeys were reared for the first 3 yr of life in a nuclear-family environment which permitted continual access to their mothers and fathers and limited access to peers and to other adults of both sexes. The subjects rapidly developed sophisticated patterns of social behavior seldom observed in laboratory-reared monkeys and maintained levels of interactive play longer chronologically than has been reported for feralraised monkeys. Sex differences with respect to grooming and play behaviors emerged early in life and were maintained by the present subjects. Implications of the findings are discussed.


The paper presents the evolution of the previously proposed model for estimating the communication path utilization efficiency. The improved model allows to explicitly take into account the errors occurring in the communication path during data stream transmission, both based on the analysis of the actual captured communication path traffic and using a priori known probability characteristics of the transmission errors; provides the possibility of by-layer decomposition of the integral communication path utilization efficiency coefficient for analyzing the contribution of the network model individual layers and the corresponding protocols to the resulting efficiency; is considered more formalized and pragmatic. The model can be used to estimate the efficiency of communication path utilization by various streaming technologies, predicting the effect of errors on the resulting efficiency, investigating the weakly determined protocols, and also comparing the competing transmission technologies among themselves by the integral efficiency criterion. Ref. 11.


Abstract
 This chapter describes recent knowledge on horse genomics, including sequencing, coding and non-codning DNA/RNA, genetic variation, sex chromosomes, mitochondrial genetics, functional genomics, epigenetics and transcription.


Biomedical treatments for chronic pain have not been uniformly effective and sometimes have caused harm. As a result, international guidelines have proliferated for treating chronic pain using nonpharmaceutical, noninvasive, biopsychosocial therapies. In current practice, however, clinics delivering unimodal biomedical interventions are flourishing (and such treatments are increasingly provided even in developing countries). Meanwhile, interdisciplinary pain treatment programs, despite their superiority over unimodal treatments, have steadily declined. Based on US Medicare reimbursement data available over 20 years ago, when laminectomy surgery costs were approximately $30,000USD, a standardized efficacious 10session group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) approach costs 168 times less than spinal surgery. More recent data report skyrocketing costs for spinal surgeries, some of which bill out at over $400,000 USD for the surgery alone. Meanwhile, biopsychosocial pain treatments continue to be poorly reimbursed (if at all) and are not widely available in the United States or internationally. Many health care practitioners are not familiar with biopsychosocial therapies such as CBT and may view psychosocial treatments as only appropriate for those with mental illness. Moreover, some practitioners may hold the erroneous belief that chronic pain is an expression of mental hurt and generated psychologically. Furthermore, practitioners may not know that treatments based on a biopsychosocial model have a biological outcome. However, a wealth of evidence supports that biopsychosocial treatments are conceptually and empirically linked to our current understanding of pain neurophysiology. For example, there is growing evidence that CBT can reverse some of the neuronal changes associated with chronic pain, including posttreatment increases in the prefrontal and posterior parietal cortex (areas believed to be associated with pain appraisal) and decreases in somatosensory cortex (perhaps reflecting reductions in the perception of pain severity). A randomized controlled trial of CBT compared with pain education reported post-CBT decreases in connectivity between the limbic system (emotions) and other areas of the brain, and enhanced connectivity between prefrontal cortices (cognition) and other regions of the brain. Treatments using the biopsychosocial model do not ignore the biological, nor do they advocate refraining from appropriately assessing and treating ongoing tissue damage. However, treating patients with pain as if all pain is related to ongoing tissue damage that must be located and repaired (a biomedical model) has led to the false impression that hurt 5 harm and that "real" pain is detectable with a biomedical marker and correctable with the right biomedical intervention. The net result is that, at least in the United States, health care costs are out of control, there is an opioid epidemic, and patients have unrealistic expectations of being pain-free. Many of our patients do not know that they can harness the power of their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors to help themselves manage their chronic pain, thus increasing function and quality of life despite pain. In this review, which is written as part of the 2020 IASP Ronald Melzack Lecture Award, I revisit Melzack and Wall's gate control model of pain as a biopsychosocial construct and explore its more recent clinical applications in specific kinds of pain education and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Although it is acknowledged that we have advanced our understanding beyond the original gate control theory to more fully appreciate the role of the brain in pain, I will discuss the applicability of using this very basic framework for patients. I describe recent research using a simplified gate control schematic as a treatment rationale for pain education and CBT with low-income, multiply disadvantaged patients, using the gate control model as a launching point to discuss the cognitive aspects of CBT (and pain education). Targeting a cognitive model of pain (thoughts influence emotions and behavior), I provide examples of how psychosocial health care providers work alongside patients to train them in skills to work with their thoughts, to motivate patients, and to help them implement pain self-management behaviors. Moving into a brief examination of treatmentmechanism (mediation andmoderation), I will conclude with the argument that effective psychosocial interventions share more commonalities than sometimes acknowledged, and that these treatments can be used to help patients self-manage their pain, and perhaps to change health care cultures.


For the last nine years, the Mexican federal government has followed a policy of building agreements (pacts) between the main economic groups for the sake of economic development and social stability. During 1995, under the North American Free Trade Agreement and other economic and political forces, the pact policy has been under unusual pressure. In this article, national agreements are modeled as the outcomes of political conflicts. The model generates a probabilistic forecast of the type of agreement (from sustainable pacts to paper pacts to no pact at all). A basic modeling assumption is that each group can choose between helping to bake the cake and fighting to get a larger share of it, and that the desirability of each type of agreement will be largely determined by that choice. Using the forecast, we build a decision model for choosing the best set of current gains and expectations that the government can offer to other actors.


The influence of the following inhibitors on the process of anodic dissolution of St3 steel in phosphoric acidic solutions was studied: 9-phenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrotetrazolo[5,1-b]quinazolin (PTQ1), 10-phenyltetrazolo[5,1-b]cyclohepta[d]pyrimidine (PCP3), and 10-phenyltetrazolo[5,1-]cyclohepta[d]-4,10-dihydropyrimidine (PCD6). These inhibitors have been shown to be of anodic type (they inhibit anodic metal dissolution and do not affect the process of cathodic hydrogen evolution). The steel dissolution inhibition by introducing the inhibitor has been found to proceed with the reaction mechanism unchanged, and the inhibitory effect is due to a shielding effect and an increase in the overvoltage of the electrode reactions due to a shift of Ecor towards positive values. On the basis of our impedance measurements, it is shown that the charge transfer resistance (R2) increases and the double layer capacity (Cdl) reduces when the inhibitor exposure time grows. The protective effect (Z) and the filling degree of the electrode surface with inhibitor (Θ), which are strongly dependent on exposure time, were estimated from our data on Cdl and R2. The PCP3 and PCD6 inhibitors, on the basis of the Z values obtained, can be classified as inhibitors with moderate protective effect.


The present invention relates to novel compounds of the general formula (I) their tautomeric forms, their enantiomers, their diastereoisomers, their pharmaceutically accepted salts, or pro-drugs thereof, which are useful for the treatment or prevention of diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity and other metabolic disorders. The invention also relates to process for the manufacture of said compounds, and pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use.


The receptors of luteinizing hormone (LH) play a key role in the regulation of testicular steroidogenesis. They can be activated by gonadotropins, LH and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and by the low-molecular-weight agonists, including the derivatives of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines, which bind to an allosteric site located in the transmembrane channel of LH receptor. The differences in the steroidogenic effects of gonadotropins and thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines in the in vitro experiments and in a long-term administration to male rats were previously identified, but their early steroidogenic effects in the testes when administered at submaximal doses, have not been studied . The aim of the work was to study the effect of a single administration of hCG and TP03, a thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivative, in submaximal doses on testosterone (T) plasma levels and on the expression of steroidogenic protein genes of, as well as the pattern of steroid hormones, the precursors of T, in the testes for 5 hours after the treatment of male rats. We demonstrate that TP03 (15 mg/kg) and hCG (50 IU/rat) 30 minutes after their administration to rats cause an increase in the intratesticular levels of T and its precursors, such as 17-hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione, and also reduce the level of pregnenolone, which indicates its expenditure for progesterone synthesis. The gene expression of steroidogenic proteins significantly changed 3 hours after drug administration. The administration of TP03 and hCG led to an increase in the expression of the Star and Cyp17a1 genes encoding the transport protein StAR and the cytochrome P450-17α, the key components of the steroidogenesis system. At the same time, the difference between the expressions of the Hsd17b gene encoding the dehydrogenase HSD17β, which were higher in the hCG-treated group as compared to the TP03-treated group, is shown. An increase in the plasma T levels one and three hours after treatment of rats with hCG was higher than in the TP03-treated group, but after 5 hours the T levels in both groups of rats were comparable, which was due to the weakening of the steroidogenic effect of hCG while maintaining the corresponding effect of TP03. Thus, despite the similarity of the early steroidogenic effects of TP03 and hCG used at the submaximal doses, even in the first hours after their administration to rats, the peculiarities of their effect on testicular steroidogenesis begin to appear, which, after a long-term administration, lead to significant differences in their steroidogenic activity.


- The rapidly expanding volume of educational testing data from online assessments has posed a problem for researchers in modern education. Their main goal is to utilise this information in a timely and adaptive manner to infer skills mastery, improving learning facilities and adapting them to individual learners. Over the past few years, a number of static statistical models have been proposed for extracting knowledge about skills mastery from item response data. However, realistic models typically lead to complex, computationally expensive fitting methods such as MCMC. So these methods will not tend to scale well for streaming data and large-scale real-time systems. The main objective of this paper is to develop approximate Bayesian inference based on the Laplace approximation method (LA), which allows faster inference. The LA estimation method's performance for the one-parameter logistic item response theory (IRT) model has been compared with the MCMC method in a simulation study. Based on the results of several comparison criterion methods such as bias, RMSE and Kendell's measurement distance, the performance of the LA is very good in small, moderate, and relatively large sample size settings. The LA approximately estimated abilities results are very close to the actual values and sometimes even better than the estimated abilities resulting from MCMC. In addition, LA resulted in between a 120 to 900 times speedup over MCMC, making it a more practical alternative for large educational testing datasets. test


The Chiari malformations are a family of conditions characterized by developmental or, less commonly, acquired displacements of the cerebellum. The original 19th century description by Hans Chiari delineated 4 types, but only types 1 and 2 are more than just curiosities. In his initial description, Chiari classified the hindbrain malformations into type I, II and III and then latter added type IV malformation. Type IV is a very rare type. It is characterized by cerebellar hypoplasia or aplasia and tentorial hypoplasia. There is no hindbrain herniation in this type. We report a case of a 6 year old male patient who presented to us with a 6 year history of an occipitocervical mass and inability to stand and walk for one year and a 5 month history of headache and vomiting. CT scan of the brain showed a midline posterior fossa bone defect with a meningocele with active obstructive hydrocephalus and hypoplastic cerebellum without hindbrain herniation. A diagnosis of a posterior fossa congenital anomaly (Chiari 4) with obstructive hydrocephalus and occipito-cervical meningocele was made. Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt was inserted three days post admission. Patient was then electively taken to theatre five months later for repair of the occipitocervical meningocele.


Majantol® [2,2‐dimethyl‐3‐(3‐methylphenyl)propan‐1‐ol; CAS no. 103694‐68‐4] has been identified as a contact allergen in humans, despite negative animal tests. Hence impurities, specifically organochlorines, in Majantol® might have been the reason for positive patch test reactions in the past.


This paper analyzes the technology composition of online-bank, types of technology risks and their causes, has raised management and supervision to the technology risks of online-bank. Based on the online-bank technology risks management and regulatory experience of United States and other developed countries (regions), and our country's research status quo of online-bank technology risks management and supervision, it proposes Countermeasures and suggestions for the technology risks management and supervision of ICBC online-bank.


FISH functions were written to calculate axial,lateral and volumetric strains as well as Poisson's ratio of rock specimen in plane strain compression.Influence of softening modulus on shear band(SB) patterns and entire deformational characteristics of the specimen was investigated by use of FLAC.In elastic and strain-softening stages,the linear elastic and linear strain-softening constitutive relations were adopted,respectively.Mohr-Coulomb criterion with tension cut-off was used beyond the elastic state.Numerical results showed that the increase of the softening modulus led to 1) transition of SB inclination from Arthur's inclination to Coulomb's inclination,which could not be explained by Coulomb,Roscoe,and Arthur's inclinations,possibly due to neglecting the progressive failure of rock;2) decrease of SB's thickness that could be qualitatively explained by the theoretical expression considering shear dilatancy based on gradient-dependent plasticity;3) increase of the minmum volume that the specimen in compression could obtain;4) more apparent precursor to unstable failure of the specimen;5) slightly steeper post-peak axial stress-axial strain curve,the axial stress-lateral strain curve,the lateral strain-axial strain curve,the Poisson's ratio-axial strain curve and the volumetric strain-axial strain curve.Reasonableness of the former two numerical results was qualitatively explained by the previous analytical solutions in uniaxial compression of rock specimen subjected to shear failure.


This piece is a professional letter, written from student to instructor, about the student's writing in the course. Students were given a space to reflect on what they learned about writing and how they developed as a writer over the semester. The assignment was intended to give students a chance to demonstrate their understanding of course concepts and methods.


the apodosis of the lamma-sentence begins only with fa-ta'ayyana. There is surprisingly no index of proper names, but Arabic technical terms are listed at the end of the introduction (pp. 61-70), with references to both the German and the Arabic parts. Quibbles notwithstanding, this book is obviously a masterly piece of scholarship. Thanks to Schubert's meticulous edition and careful analysis, we now have a solid basis for further study of this fascinating yam' al-hikmatayn type of literature in Islamic thought.