Introduction: Interdental papilla reconstruction,in esthetic areas is proven to be one of the most challenging tasks in periodontology. Hyaluronic acid is a glycosaminoglycan molecule with anti inflammatory, anti-edematous properties on periodontal tissues invaded by submicrobial flora. Case report: A 35 years old male patient reported to department of periodontics and oral implantology, Jaipur dental college with the chief complaint of loss of gum (inter dental papilla),i.e. black triangle, in the upper front teeth(anterior maxillary teeth). Patient was esthetically concerned about this. Treatment planning was to reconstruct the lost interdental papilla by injecting 0.2% hyaluronic acid via nonsurgical approach.The procedure was performed after a standardized working protocol of injecting dermal fillers in papillae, digital photographing and measuring the outcomes for observation periods between 2 weeks to 3 months. Conclusion: Injecting dermal fillers in gingiva resulted in a volume raise of papillae height. The use of dermal fillers is a minimally invasive way to optimize gingival contours. It is a non-invasive approach which reduces patient's postoperative discomfort with marked variations in the volume of interdental papilla before and after


Collision prediction in a dynamic and unknown environment relies on knowledge of how the environment is changing. Many collision prediction methods rely on deterministic knowledge of how obstacles are moving in the environment. However, complete deterministic knowledge of the obstacles' motion is often unavailable. This work proposes a Gaussian process based prediction method that replaces the assumption of deterministic knowledge of each obstacle's future behavior with probabilistic knowledge, to allow a larger class of obstacles to be considered. The method solely relies on position and velocity measurements to predict collisions with dynamic obstacles. We show that the uncertainty region for obstacle positions can be expressed in terms of a combination of polynomials generated with Gaussian process regression. To control the growth of uncertainty over arbitrary time horizons, a probabilistic obstacle intention is assumed as a distribution over obstacle positions and velocities, which can be naturally included in the Gaussian process framework. Our approach is demonstrated in a case study in which an obstacle overtakes the agent. In this simulation we show that the collision can be predicted despite having limited knowledge of the obstacle's behavior.


TiO2 film was prepared by anodization at different time and distance. Photocatalytic characterization was done by a photocatalytic reactor. Short time anodization and electrode distance produces better photoactive copper pigmented TiO2 thin films.


Technological advancements have seen information technology develop and establish itself as a dominant field. This is owing to the fact that UAE has become a leading business hub, tourist destination as well as education. Information technology systems have been put in place in almost every sector of the economy. Information Systems (IS) professionals have to make ethical decisions every day. The current technological environment marred with rapid technological advancements has only made things worse. It has led to more ethical problems that need to be resolved. This study explores the perception information system professionals have about ethical issues and how their perception and attitude differs from students. It investigates what role ethical considerations play in the decision making process of information systems professionals and how different it is from students.


OBJECTIVE: In this study, we compare the eating habits of students studying in the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics at a state university in Turkey, with those of students from other departments. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 54 third-year students who were studying in the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics (Group 1) and 53 third-year students from other departments (Group 2) of the same university. An Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) was applied to all students included in the study on December 2017, and data was obtained on age, height and weight, from which Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. The data was analysed using SPSS version 21.0 software, and Chi-Square, Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon W and Mann-Whitney Rank Sum tests were used to evaluate the obtained data. A p- value of <0.005 was considered significant. RESULTS: No significant difference was identified in the mean EAT score values of the two groups (p=0.498). A low mean score suggests the existence of no negative eating habits in either group, although in an evaluation of the cut-off value, eating disorders were identified in both groups. When the groups were compared in terms of weight and BMI, Group 1 was found to be closer to their ideal weight, with a significant difference was observed between the two groups (p=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Although our study sample was small, the findings suggest that negative eating habits increase both among students of the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics and also those of other departments.


Hartmann von Aue: Erec, ed. M. G. Scholz, trans. S. Held, Bibliothek des Mittelalters 5 (Frankfurt am Main: Deutscher Klassiker Verlag, 2004). 1069 pp. ISBN 3-618-66050-2. euro76.00. Hartmann von Aue: Gregorius, Der arme Heinrich, Iwein, ed. and trans. V. Mertens, Bibliothek des Mittelalters 6 (Frankfurt am Main: Deutscher Klassiker Verlag, 2004). 1108 pp. ISBN 3-618-66060-X. euro76.00. (Available as a set at euro 13 8.00.) The two volumes devoted to Hartmann von Aue in the handsomely produced 'Bibliothek des Mittelalters' series of major medieval German authors and texts present his four best-known narrative works. Both volumes conform to the established format for the series, with the full verse texts accompanied by a facing-page translation and supplemented by a 'Kommentar'. This ancillary matter, which makes up nearly half the line volume and a good third of that devoted to the other three works, comprises the following: an introduction to the author and his auvre (this is identical in both volumes, written by V. Mertens); a synopsis of the action; an account of the material's genesis and of the works' sources and influence; a brief indication of leading interpretative issues; a description of the manuscript transmission; a statement of editorial principles and practice; a list of textual variants; a line-by-line commentary focusing primarily on cultural-historical information useful for the understanding of the texts and on matters of literary interpretation; a table of characters' names; an index to the commentary; a bibliography. In the presentation of their texts, the editors share a preference for moving away from the currently standard critical editions in the direction of a single manuscript witness. In the case of Em, there is only one (nearly) complete witness, A ('Ambraser Heldenbuch"), alongside a number of fragments, and M. G. Scholz's edition distinguishes itself by the approximately 600 emendations which (often following recommendations of L. Okken) he makes as against the edition of Ch. Cormeau and K. Gartner (1985), almost all of them favouring the readings of A. An important factor in Scholz's reinstatement of A in its original form in many places is a much less rigid view of the metrical framework in which Hartmann wrote than that of earlier editors. Scholz's 'Kommentar' includes an excellent section on Hartmann's metrics, taking full account of the fact that his works were written to be read aloud either publicly or privately and demonstrating that Hartmann readily abandoned metrical regularity to attain particular expressive effects. (This section could with profit have been included in the second volume.) The commitment to adopt A's readings wherever possible leads Scholz to take a firm position on some notorious textual cruxes (e.g. in lines 5517, 8521, and 8538); the readings favoured here, like all other deviations of a substantial nature from the Cormeau/Gartner edition, are discussed in the line-byline commentary. In the interests of producing a more accessible text, Scholz has revised the punctuation; in addition, contracted and elided forms are made more readily intelligible by the insertion of apostrophes (e. …


Abstract : In accordance with a request from the Office, Chief of Ordnance, tests have recently been concluded on samples of R301-T aluminum alloy furnished by the Reynolds Metals Company. The resistance of the 1/8 in. samples of perforation by all of the fragment-simulating projectiles employed was greatly inferior to that of equivalent weights of Hadfield manganese steel.


In order to improve the non - organized status of holiday sport of high school students,to reach the goal of one hour exercise per day and to improve the physical fitness of students as soon as possible,the author had conducted a survey and had studied the status of sports linkage between holiday sports among school family and community in Guangzhou by using methods of literature review and survey research,and had presented the initial thinking of sports linkage among those according to the findings.


ABSTRAK Strukrure and Composition of Plants Under the System Agroforesty The purpose of this study were to analyze and to compare the structure and composition of the undergrowth in agroforestry systems in Warembungan Village. The data collection was done by using purposive sampling method on 10 plots with size of each plot is 1 m x1 m. Data were analyzed using the Importance Value Index (IVI) and Similarity Index (IS) community. The results showed that at location A there were 22 species of lower plants where the highest IVI was Axonopus (29.35 %) and the lowest IVI was Ipomea batatas (0.07 %), then location B there were 16 species with Centotheca lappaceae was the highest IVI (26, 27%), and the lowest IVI was Arenga pinnata (0.05 %) and location C there were 11 species of lower plants with Cyathula prostate was the highest IVI (27.38 %), and the lowest IVI Mimosa pudica (0.65). The highest Similarity Index (IS) was on location B and C (56.60) compared to the other two locations. Keywords: structure and composition, understory vegetation,agroforestry


Aim: This study was designed to ascertain whether plant extracts had deleterious effects on patients using it to replace or compliment their prescribed medication. Animal model studies were also conducted to confirm or negate the findings in the patient study. Methods: Thirteen diabetic patients who had a history of exposure to herbal treatment and/or food toxins were compared to 10 insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients and 10 normal controls. Each group was matched for age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and in the case of the diabetic controls duration of diabetes. Microalbumin, urinary amylase, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood pressure were measured using standard techniques. Purified extract from the seeds of the annatto, Bixa Orellana, was fed to anesthetized mongrel dogs (n = 8-14). Subsequently, oral glucose tolerance tests and insulin measurements were performed using the standard methods. Concomitant electron microscopy of tissue biopsies was done. Results: Microalbuminuria was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in those that used bush medicines than in the control groups. Urinary amylase concentration was also higher in the former. Confounding factors such as high blood pressure and urinary tract infections were excluded as causes for the differences. The purified extract demonstrated hyperglycemia in the dog model. Electron microscopy of tissue biopsies revealed damage to major organs especially kidneys and pancreas. Conclusion: It is apparent that patients who substitute or take bush treatment along with or instead of their prescribed medication suffer severe kidney damage as confirmed by the animal studies.


Smartphone technology is penetrating world markets and becoming ubiquitous in most college settings. This study takes a naturalistic approach to explore the use of these devices to support student learning. Students that had never used a smartphone were recruited to participate and reported on their expectations of the value of smartphones to achieve their educational goals. Instrumented iPhones that logged device usage were then distributed to these students to use freely over the course of 1 year. After the study, students again reported on the actual value of their smartphones to support their educational goals. We found that students' reports changed substantially before and after the study; specifically, the utility of the smartphone to help with education was perceived as favorable prior to use, and then, by the end of the study, they viewed their phones as detrimental to their educational goals. Although students used their mobile device for informal learning and access to school resources according to the logged data, they perceived their iPhones as a distraction and a competitor to requisite learning for classroom performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]


The invention relates to a two-piece clip for mounting an element to another element, the clip having a first member having a head and a continued from the head along a stem axis extending shank having a tip, said at least one projection on the shank is provided which has a surface facing the head contact area, and the head having a surface facing the protrusion contact area, wherein a second member with one of the contact surface of the head facing support surface on which the contact surface of the head is supported, and a protrusion facing contact surface.


Nanohybrids consisting of uniform nanospheres and nanospindles of zinc ferrite attached to reduced graphene oxide were prepared by hydrothermal reaction. Zinc ferrite decorated reduced graphene oxide exhibited enhanced nonlinear absorption, refraction and optical limiting (OL) action under continuous wave (532 nm, 50 mW) and ultrafast (800 nm, 150 fs) excitation. The enhancement can possibly be attributed to the synergistic effect stemming from the observed reverse saturable absorption and self-defocusing in the material. The role of defects in improving the nonlinear optical (NLO) performance of ZnFe2O4–rGO was explained with the aid of Raman spectroscopy and ground state absorption studies. Using fs and cw excitation, the estimated nonlinear absorption coefficient [γ3PA(fs) = 4.0 × 10−12 m W−1, β(cw) = 6.5 × 10−5 m W−1], nonlinear refractive index [n2(fs) = 4.2 × 10−18 m2 W−1, n2(cw) = 4.7 × 10−12 m2 W−1] and third order nonlinear optical (NLO) susceptibility [χ (3) (fs) = 1.9 × 10−15 esu, χ (3) (cw) = 4.2 × 10−6 esu] of nanospindle ZnFe2O4–rGO were found to be higher than those of its other counter parts. The estimated NLO parameters were found to be higher than those of other known OL materials such as functionalized hydrogen exfoliated graphene, CdO. Thus zinc ferrite decorated rGO nanostructures with proficient NLO coefficients have potential scope for utilizing them as smart materials for OL applications.


This paper describes a proof-of-concept experiment on thin-film thermocouples used for localized heat transfer measurements applicable to experiments in warm turbine testing. Using thin-film thermocouples to measure turbine blade temperatures and heat transfer will noticeably improve the accuracy of the acquired data because the current method of embedded conventional thermocouples introduces large experimental uncertainty. First, we introduce the thin-film sensors and manufacturing procedures. Attention is paid to connections between thin-film thermocouples and lead wires, which have been a source of problems in the past. Then, we discuss the test arrangement and facility used for the heat transfer measurements. Finally, we present the results of bulk and local heat flux measurements, as well as overall heat transfer coefficients obtained from measurements in a narrow passage with an AR of 11.8. Experimental data acquired from thin-film thermocouples and their trends agree very well with data acquired using conventional thermocouples. The results we obtained establish confidence about using thin-film thermocouples for heat transfer measurements in warm turbine testing.


A study of three types of anomalous nickel‐iron magnetic films has been made: high coercive‐force films, which have unusually large hysteresigraph values of wall and rotational coercive forces; rotatable initial‐susceptibility films, for which the value of the initial susceptibility as found from low‐field hysteresigraph measurements is determined by previously‐applied high magnetic fields; and mottled films, whose high‐field hysteresis loops show low remanence and a high wall coercive force, and whose Bitter patterns have a spotted or mottled appearance. Anomalous films have been produced by a variety of techniques. In general, for a given technique, a mild treatment yielded high coercive‐force films, a moderate treatment gave rotatable initial‐susceptibility films, and a drastic treatment produced mottled films. The techniques used were evaporation at slow rates at high substrate temperatures, evaporation on aggregated metal deposits, electroplating on annealed gold films, and annealing normal films. Ac...


Chilocorus kuwanae is the most important predator of Unaspis yanonensis in Japan. It can be reared readily by Chrysomphalus bifasciculatus infested on squashes in insectary. This experiment was carried out in order to know the feeding habits as fundamental knowledge on mass production of the Coccinellid for control of Unaspis yanonensis.In the individual feeding tests, each instar larva and adult were kept separate in a plastic vial of 13mm. long and 18mm. in diameter stuck to the surface of squash with paraffin and covered with organdie. Number of Chrysomphalus bifasciculatus infested on the surface of squash in the vial was 30 of adults or 60 of the second instar larvae in one test.Observation was made every day at the fixed time during period of each stage, but in another test it was continued from the first instar larva to pupation and on adult it was made during three days.Adults of Chilocorus kuwanae used for this test were as follows; non-gravid adult female of 3 days after emergence, gravid female of 15 days after emergence and ovipositing female of 27 days after emergence.The amount of food consumed by larvae increased with progress of larval instars; the fourth instar larva consumed 25.74 of the second instar larva of scale or 9.45 of adult scale per day and it is greater than the amount of food consumed by other instar larvae on both stages of the scale. Total food consumption at larval period is 330.58 of the second instar larva of the scale or 107 of adult scales.Duration of each larval instar shortens when they consumed adult scales compared with the second instar larva of them; when they consumed adult scales, the duration of the first to the fourth instar are 3.55, 3.55, 4.00 and 7.00 days respectively and the total length of larval period is 18.10 days and when they consumed the second instar larva of the scale, the duration of the first to the fourth instar are 6.25, 5.00, 7.57 and 8.75 respectively and the total length of larval period is 27.57 days.Food consumption by adult Chilocorus kuwanae is the greatest in gravid female and the amount per day is 19.66 of adult scale or 53.33 of the second instar larva of the scale. The consumption by adult male is smaller than by female.From these results adult Chrysomphalus bifasciculatus seems to have better quality for development of Chilocorus kuwanae, therfore it will be better food for mass production of this Coccinellid. From the feeding capacity of larval period the maximum number of the Coccinel-lids which can be reared on a squash is estimated; about 300 of Coccinellids can be reared on a squash with surface of 960cm2, because about 33000 adults of the scale infest on this squash.


Werner Lehfeldt. Akzent und Betonung im Russischen: 2., verbesserte und erweiterte Auflage. Slavistische Beitrage, 485. Munich, Berlin, and Washington, D.C.: Verlag Otto Sagner, 2012. xii, 174 pp. Paper.Werner Lehfeldt's Akzent und Betonung im Russischen represents in effect the fourth edition of an encyclopaedic monograph on Russian word stress by one of the world's foremost experts in tins complex field of study. Between tlie first edition (also written in German and entitled Akzent und Betonung im Russischen), which came out hi 2003, and tlie current edition in German being reviewed here, two editions, wlhcli are essentially Russian translations (with revisions) of the first edition, appeared-Ata/eum uydapemie epyccroM H'lbiKe (Iazyki rasskoi kul'tuiy, 2006) andAm/earn uydapemie e coepeMeunoMpyccroM nsbire (Iazyki slavianskoi kul'tuiy, 2010). The latter monograph in Russian (2010) is in fact a somewhat closer representation of the German edition being reviewed here (2012) than tlie former Russian translation (2006) and could basically suffice as a substitute for those unable to read it in Gemian. The main differences between the Russian edition of 2010 and tlie German edition of 2012 are the addition of an excursus on de Saussure's (quite recently discovered in his unpublished and incomplete handwritten notes) concept of accent and stress, a new sub-section entitled "Noch einmal zum Verhaltnis zwischen Akzent und Betonung" (which is also connected with de Saussure), as well as many smaller, but often significant differences, in many cases, of course, improvements and collections. The inclusion of the excursus on de Saussure ("Exkurs: Zur akzentologischen Konzeption Ferdinand de Salissures") into the monograph is the result of the discovery of an incomplete essay of his entitled "Notes sin l'accent lituanienne," something winch was a cause for joy for Lehfeldt when it recently came to his notice, in which de Saussure outlines a binary differentiation between "la grammaire de I 'accent" and "la physique de I 'accent," a differentiation winch also lies at the very heart of Lehfeldt's own monograph, and, indeed, is the basis of its title winch distinguishes "Akzent" (accent) from "Betonung" ([word] stress).At the heart of Lehfeldt's monograph, therefore, lies the strict distinction between "accent" and "stress" (used in the specific sense of Akzent and Betonung indicated above), tlie former characterized as the phonological property of abstract word forms exclusively, tlie latter as that of concrete word forms exclusively; as Lehfeldt explains, "[...] konkrete Wortformen als Reprasentanten der ihnen jeweils zugeordneten abstrakten Wortformen angesehen werden konnen" (p. 16). Abstract word forms "[...] stellen gewissermasen ein Realisierungsangebot dar, das ein Sprecher von Fall zu Fall in unterschiedlicher Weise befolgt" (p. 16). Akzent forms the topic of the longest and arguably most important chapter of the book ("Abstrakte Ebene-Akzenteinheiten") and in it Lehfeldt works lus way clearly and methodically through much of the theoretical complexity of stress in Russian (I use "stress" here in the most general sense, covering both of Lehfeldt's categories), including the theoretical framework for establishing stress types and paradigms and assigning words to them, the relationship of frequency and stress types, the important question of stress variation and linguistic norm, as well as the shift of stress on to certain prepositions before certain nouns. …


This paper presents a new high-accuracy micro-displacement positioning system controlled by a diffraction grating interferometer. The principle and technique are given, based on which micro-displacements are measured by an interfering system consisting of a spectral grating. In order that the interferometer is stable and reliable for several days and nights, the interfering signals are program-controlled. The movement of the diamond is even and smooth due to locked phase of the bridge generator with frequency division of crystal oscillation. The locked phase of the interfering signals with the bridge is controlled by Bang-Bang and PID modes. The movement accuracy of the engine is measured and analyzed by interpolation. The division error: (sigma) <3.1 nm. The grating quality can be determined from the spectral contour obtained by Fourier transform. As a result, it is corresponding with that obtained by spectral means.


This is a comment on two wrong Phys. Rev. Letters papers by C.A. Trugenberger. Trugenberger claimed that quantum registers could be used as exponentially large "associative" memories. We show that his scheme is no better than one where the quantum register is replaced with a classical one of equal size.
We also point out that the Holevo bound and more recent bounds on "quantum random access codes" pretty much rule out powerful memories (for classical information) based on quantum states.


The K 4 Homeomorphs is denoted by k 4(x,y,z,u,v,w),in which the lengths of its six paths between pairs of degree-3 vertices are x,y,z,u,v,w,respectively We study the chromatic uniqueness of one family of K 4 Homeomorphs This family has exactly 4 paths of legth a(≥2).The results of this study lead us to solve remained cases in[3].


Present paper is devoted to numerical investigation of unsteadiness caused by impeller-diffuser interaction in a 8:1 total pressure ratio centrifugal compressor. The compressor designed by CIAM [7], and manufactured and tested by Customer gave satisfactory performances even under the first test. Further development requires new insights and advanced numerical tools. In this context, this paper presents Navier-Stokes computations of 3D viscous unsteady flow field within the impeller-diffuser configuration. Steady and unsteady computations indicated spacious zone of low velocity / reverse flow on pressure surface of the diffuser vane. To suppress this reverse flow, new vaned diffuser has been tailored through application of 3D inverse design procedure for Navier-Stokes equations [8]. Subsequent steady and unsteady N-S calculations performed for compressor with the new diffuser demonstrated depression of reverse flow within diffuser and different unsteady loading of the diffuser vane.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


In a detailed monograph, the author studies speech disorders in detail. First, a historical outline of the development of the doctrine of speech disorders from Dieffenbach's unfortunate speech, which considered the cause of stuttering to be a peripheral spasm of the tongue, to the classic work of Kussmau, which played a huge role in Logopathology, and to the current state of the issue. Under the name of Logology, the author understands a doctrine that embraces the physiology of speech and psycho-biological research, as the development of a childs speech and its relationship to his intellect, with special attention to the psycho-physiological foundations of speech development, psychology and philosophy of speech.


This paper aims to understand if, and how, communication strategy by the Election Supervisory Board in Riau to electoral bodies empowerment. Communication Strategies are needed to maintain organization, reputation and realize to a democratic election. This paper is based on interviews with key informants, and there is 14 person with purposive sampling. The research used to the qualitative method, and analysis techniques were descriptive. Steps communication strategies by the Election Supervisory Board in Riau have been categorized into objective, programme, action and Evaluation. All of steps communication strategy as the exchange of ideas, duties and obligations, and political activity as Election Supervisory Board in Riau. The practical implication was used to the Election Supervisory Board in Riau and stakeholders for the created strategy of communication to be a supervisor institutional at Local Election. Results of this research are a model of communication strategy by the Election Supervisory Board in Riau for Institutional Empowerment..


This empirical paper investigates how group members' dissimilar use of mental models of appropriate social interaction patterns affects group member interaction and the attitudinal and performance outcomes of culturally diverse groups. Narratives from 29 interviews with members of science research groups provide the data for an extension to Alan Fiske's relational models theory. The findings from this study indicate that relational models dissimilarity among group members increases conflict and deteriorates group interaction within a given situation. However, relational models dissimilarity is desirable when group members use different models across different situations as long as group members use the same relational model within each given situation.


This paper considers a popular way of looking at the quality of education as a system which receives 'inputs' and delivers 'output', i.e. what is put into the education system in terms of resources in the broadest sense, and. 'output' is what comes out of it in terms of knowledge, skill, understanding, attitude and virtue. The paper argues that this approach is not very helpful and obscures the key issues that any assessment of quality in education needs to address. We find that using the language of inputs and outputs means that we have to address both as they are inextricably entwined. Even when we use this language, important distinctions are missed.


One of the significant reasons for the decrease in the sowing quality of seeds in leguminous crops all over the world is bacterial blight of seeds in the form of necrotic decaying spots on the outer or inner side of the cotyledons. A hypothesis was put forward about the presence of a common primary non-bacterial cause of the development of necrosis on cotyledons, regardless of the species, variety and growing zone. The studies were carried out in 2016– 2020 in V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Krasnodar, on seeds of soybeans, common bean, chickpea, white and narrow-leaved lupines. On immature seeds of healthy soybean plants in the phases of full filling and the beginning of physiological maturation, bacterial blight of seeds are never observed. Secondary (rain) moistening of mature seeds leads to the development of cotyledon necrosis and a decrease in their germination in soybeans, common beans, chickpeas, white lupine and narrow-leaved lupine. The physiological reason for the formation of cotyledon necrosis during the secondary moistening of mature seeds is the death of the tissues of the cotyledons, moistened before the stage of nucleic acid synthesis, and unable to return to the dormant stage upon repeated drying. Symptoms of the development of cotyledon necrosis after secondary moistening of mature seeds, and bacterial blight of seeds, are practically identical in all leguminous crops. The common primary cause of the formation of necrotic spots on the surface of the cotyledons, identified as bacterial blight of seeds, regardless of the species of legumes, variety and ecological-geographical zone of cultivation, is the secondary (rain) moisture of seeds that have not yet been harvested in the field of mature plants. Isolation of bacterial pathogens of various species and families in necrotic areas of the cotyledons can be explained by secondary infection of already dead tissues. Therefore, the species composition of bacterial microflora in each case will be determined by its presence in the environment.


A 1 H NMR study of bis(η 2 -ethene)(2'-acetylphenoxy-O,O') rhodium(I) reveals two separate types of exchange processes, namely, ethylene rotation and ethylene dissociation. The exchange processes are studied by using a variety of NMR techniques that allow the calculation of the activation parameters: the ethylene ligands behave independently with respect to both types of exchange


A digital receive beamformer implementing a `one sample per pixel' variable sampling technique is described. The sampling method reduces the maximum required sampling rates by a factor of 3, and reduces the data rate by a factor of 2 in comparison to previous work on variable sampling. The sampling method is capable of estimating the pulse envelope to within 3dB for pulse bandwidths up to 83.0%. The beamforming methods have been implemented on an FPGA with maximum transmit and receive delays errors measured to be less than ±0.125 and ±1.0ns respectively. The beamformer generates images from a 64 element high frequency phased array, with 64 lines, 512 pixels per line, and 1 focal zone.


Research outside the University in italy in the 1960s and 1970s : the case of the social sciences The Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche (CNR) was created just after the First World War so that Italy could be represented in plans for new international organizations. Presided over by the mathematician Vito Volterra, the CNR was dedicated to the development of technological research. Confirmed in these priorities since the end of the war, considerable development occurred at the beginning of the 1960s under the presidency of Giovanni Polvani. The question of the place of the social sciences in the research university arose with urgency at this time. In particular, there was the question of the development of economic and administrative sciences. This interest appeared to bring together intellectuals and industrialists who, like Adriano Olivetti, had worked in the immediate post-war years to open the Italian debate to ideas being developed in other countries. At the initiative of the Olivetti Foundation, with the aid of American foundations, in particular the Ford Foundation, education and research institutes were created to train young people in social science research methodology, in order to « fertilize » the University training, which remained prisoner to theoretical and/or ideological debates. The CNR was considered an organization that could, by close liaison with the world of the university, to promote change from within universities. The opposition of academics was strong and caused serious obstacles to the development of cooperation between CNR's committees and the committees on social and political sciences created by the Olivetti and the Ford Foundations.


Sampling procedures in a partial diallelic experiment applying the method of Kempthorne and Curnow (1961) to eight corn lines (S7) derived from the same variety, each used in five crosses (s= 5), are described. For the 20 single-cross hybrids, the calculations to obtain the analysis of variance for an environment with a randomized complete block experimental design with four repetitions are indicated. The effects between crosses are divided into general and specific combining ability using matrix algebra, the effects of gi and Sij are estimated, for each parent and in each cross, respectively. In addition, the components of variance and heritability are calculated in a broad and narrow sense. At all stages, it is indicated how to verify the calculations using a desktop calculator and, finally, the results are validated using the Opstat statistical package.


With the important properties of invariable Lyapunov exponent spectrum for two parameters, existence of the global linear amplitude adjuster and the phase reversal parameter, the improved invariable-Lyapunov-exponent-spectrum chaotic system (improved ILES system) has potential applications in chaotic radar, secure communications and information processing. Based on the theory of passive control, an adaptive synchronization scheme of improved ILES systems is contrived firstly in this paper. With the scheme, projective synchronization with only one controller and parameter identification can be achieved simultaneously. Numerical simulations are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.


A device (D) for the diagnosis of multiple failures occurred in hardware (Vi) and represented by data files (Jddi). This device (D) comprises processing means (MT) in the presence of a vector called "form" xi (xi = (xi1, ..., xin)) resulting from the processing of a data file ( Jddi) from a failed hardware (Vi), i) to project the pattern vector xi in EPJ subspaces (with j = 1 to M) respectively associated with M identified single failures j that can occur in the failed equipment (Vi) and each consisting of a subset of variables xik chosen from N variables (xik) associated respectively with N CDik fault codes may occur in the failed hardware (Vi) in order to obtain M sub vectors forms xi , then ii) to calculate values representative of similarities between each form subvector x and of said vectors "prototype" part of a base of single fault data X and the representative single failure identified j with the same index j and of the set of M-1 single failures j '(j' j) excluding this j single identified fault you, and iii) to deduct these similarity values at least a simple failure of faulty hardware (Vi).


there are several types of method available to control Induction motor in industries. To observe the steady state equivalent circuit model of an induction motor to implant the equation that aver the use of a constant V/f speed control of close loop and open loop control. The main purpose is to sustain the speed at fixed reference. Six step voltage source inverter (VSI) used to drive motor in open loop control. In this paper, six step generator generated variable frequency signals which fed to motor. Here, constant V/f ratio is maintained in order to get torque constant over the full operating range. To scrutinize the open loop control systems for supervisory induction machine, several outcome obtained at altered V/f ratio. By modification in V/f ratio in open loop approach speed ruling of three phase induction motor drive can be upgraded. For more enhancement in speed regulation, slip regulation is used in closed loop speed control. The slip is supplementary to the response speed signal to the frequency command. Various outcome are gained when modification in V/f ratio in close loop method. The work of this paper is to study, evaluation and comparison of Various V/f control technique applied to the induction motor drive through simulations. Simulation result shows that if open loop configuration, the effect of change in V/f ratio improves speed regulation and there is no remarkable effect in closed loop configuration. Open loop V/f control technique is simple and easy to implement. However if closed loop V/f control technique is adopted there is no change the V/f ratio as it not helps to obtain better result.


We study the dependence of the magnetic properties of NiPd and CoPd segregated nanoclusters and slabs as a function of the 3d magnetic component concentration (x), the chemical order, and size. In the case of clusters we consider 3d cores coated by Pd atoms (3d/Pd) and also onion-like (Pd/3d/Pd) configurations. For the slabs we consider different possible segregated structures of the 3d and 4d atoms and study the evolution of the magnetic properties on these different configurations. We show that Pd coating gives rise to an enhancement of the average magnetic moment of the Ni or Co core atoms and of the Pd atoms as well. Larger values of the average magnetic moments are obtained in the onion-like structures (Pd/3d/Pd) than in the core/shell (3d/Pd) configuration. We compare with theoretical and experimental results available in the literature.


This chapter focuses on the occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) phenotypes among selected food-borne bacteria, with emphasis on isolates recovered from foods of animal origin and the potential public health consequences. Once an AMR determinant becomes widely disseminated in different ecosystems, it is difficult to conduct trace studies to identify particular origins. It may be possible, however, to track the spread of resistant organisms after the introduction of a new animal antimicrobial drug. Continuous monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility/ resistance profiles in food-borne pathogens is needed in order to identify important trends that signify a need to amend antimicrobial use practices. Bacterial isolates recovered from ill people are sent to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases in Atlanta, GA, by participating state and local health departments. Enterococci were readily isolated from all retail meats tested, ranging, on average, from 88%of pork chops to 98% of all chicken breasts sampled, which is consistent with other studies from the United States. The enteric habitat of Escherichia coli in animals provides an easy source of contamination for animal-derived meats at slaughter and at points downstream in the food production process. Transmission of resistance genes from normally nonpathogenic species to more virulent organisms within the animal or human intestinal tract may be an important mechanism for acquiring clinically relevant AMR organisms. The evolution and propagation of transmissible plasmids in Salmonella and E. coli carrying resistance to eight or more antimicrobials are particularly worrisome.


There are mathematical structures with elements that cannot be distinguished by the properties they have within that structure. For instance within the field of complex numbers the two square roots of −1, i and −i, have the same algebraic properties in that field. So how do we distinguish between them? Imbedding the complex numbers in a bigger structure, the quaternions, allows us to algebraically tell them apart. But a similar problem appears for this larger structure. There seems to be always a background and a context that we rely upon. Thus mathematicians naturally make use of Kantian intuition and references fixed by names and denotations. I argue that such features cannot be avoided. Part 1. Frege on Geometry and Arithmetic In his Foundations of Arithmetic, Frege wrote: One geometrical point, considered by itself, cannot be distinguished in any way from any other; the same applies to lines and planes. Only when several points, or lines, or planes, are included together in a single intuition [Anschauung], do we distinguish them. . . . But with numbers it is different; each number has its own peculiarities [Eigentümlichkeit]. [Frege 1884, § 13] Brandom (2002) has pointed out that the last statement is not correct. The complex numbers i and −i do not each have their own "peculiarities", because there is an automorphism φ of the complex numbers, φ(a + bi) = (a−bi), carrying each complex number to its complex conjugate, in particular i to −i. An automorphism respects the algebraic operations and therefore preserves all algebraic properties. Performing a rational operation r on some "04wenzel" 2010/3/10 page 52 i i


Solidity is a Domain Specific Language (DSL) that has emerged from the invention of distributed ledger and that has been designed for Ethereum. Due to its specific structure, DSLs are threatened by unique bugs and vulnerabilities that could induce millions of dollars losses. In this project, a Deep Learning (DL) model used with a novel source code input representation was created for the line-level vulnerability detection task. The input's structure in combination with a specific DL model can capture intricate data and control dependencies between various program variables. Using controlled settings and well-defined experiments, an exploration of the proposed approach was achieved to perfectly understand the model and to improve the performances. The developed method has successfully classified line-level vulnerabilities using a corpus of Solidity contracts as input. Our proposed pipeline is able to capture intricate dependencies between the program's elements and to understand the overall structure of the code. Characteristics defining the optimal type of input are described to define the cases in which the proposed pipeline should be used.


Aims and objectives: To assess feasibility, advantages, oncological safety, cost-effectiveness and short-term results of laparoscopic vs open total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal cancer in a government sector hospital. Patients and methods: This comparative nonrandomized retrospective study analyzes the data of 70 patients with rectal cancer treated with low anterior resection (LAR) or abdominoperineal resection (APR) from May 2007 to June 2012. Of these 40 patients underwent laparoscopic TME and 30 underwent open TME. Both the groups were comparable. Results: Laparoscopic surgery took longer to perform (200 vs 150 min), but was accompanied by less blood loss (200 vs 800 ml) and fewer postoperative complications. Enteric function recovered sooner after laparoscopy than open surgery.Hospital stay was shorter for patients who underwent a laparoscopic surgery (7 vs 10 days). The mean number of harvested lymph nodes was greater in the laparoscopic group than in the open group (12 ± 3 vs 9 ± 2). Mean follow-up time was 30 months (range: 28-32 months). No local recurrence was found. Conclusion: This study shows that laparoscopic TME for rectal cancer is a safe and feasible technique with some short-term benefits over open TME.


Highlights. The article revealed that severe (more than 50%) carotid artery (CA) stenosis was associated with significant slowdown of the information selection processes, and these patients were characterized by older age and tendency to an increase in trait anxiety compared to the patients without CA stenosis.It was found that the reduced attention and memory was a typical feature of the cognitive status in patients with severe CA stenosis in the early postoperative period of cardiac surgery in comparison with the patients without CA stenosis. At the same time the speed characteristics indicators of the information selection processes in these patients are positively related to state anxiety.Aim. The cardiac surgery patients were studied in order to analyze the postoperative changes in the efficiency of selection information and memory processes depending on the degree of carotid artery (CA) stenosis (including more than 50%) and the age and the role of the trait anxiety indicator assessed before surgery.Methods. The prospective study included 229 patients undergoing elected coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or CABG and carotid endarterectomy (CEE). Each study participant underwent clinical, instrumental and extended psychometric examination before cardiac surgery and at 7-10 days after surgery. The evaluation of the extracranial vessels state was carried out before surgery using color duplex scanning. Based on the results of assessing the extracranial vessels state, all patients were divided into three groups: no stenosis (n = 124), CA stenosis less than 50% (n = 69) and more than 50% (n = 36).Results. It was found out that the patients with CA stenoses more than 50% are characterized by a slower reaction under different conditions of visual stimuli selection and by an older age as compared with patients with no stenoses as well as patients with stenoses less than 50%. In the postoperative period of cardiac surgery in comparison with testing before surgery there was an improvement in the information selection stability (an increase in the number of processed symbols per 4 minute of the Bourdon's test (p<0.00006)) and short-term memory (p = 0.03) only in the group of patients without stenoses. The patients with stenoses of less than 50% had an increase the of the information selection stability but the short-term memory decrease (p<0.05) whereas the group with stenoses more than 50% had a decrease in both the stability of information selection and short-term memory (p<0,05). Additional factors of cognitive deficit in CA stenosis patients were trait anxiety associated with memory impairment and a history of stroke that related to a decrease in the effectiveness of a complex visual-motor reaction.Conclusion. The comprehensive analysis of the cognitive status of cardiac surgery patients with different severity of CA stenosis showed that an increase in the age and stenosis degree is the factor of the reaction time slowdown under different conditions of information selection. To differentiate groups of patients depending on the severity of stenosis in the postoperative period the testing short-term memory and stability of attention is informative. These indicators improve in the group without stenosis but decrease in the group with pronounced stenosis. The trait anxiety and the history of stroke were the additional factors of memory impairment due to CA stenosis.


Three series of road bitumens produced from different vacuum resids were obtained in a laboratory oxidation unit and modified with SBS-styrene butadiene-styrene. For the Polymerbitumen (PmB) obtained, the properties were determined according to the standard methods for bitumen and the Charpy impact strength was determined. The sample impact strength is determined under conditions required by the method. Test temperatures were -10°C and -20°C.The impact strength was increased with the addition of SBS.


Drops contained in an immiscible liquid phase are attractive as microreactors, enabling sound statistical analysis of reactions performed on ensembles of samples in a microfluidic device. Many applications have specific requirements for the values of local shear stress inside the drops and, thus, knowledge of the flow field is required. This is complicated in commonly used rectangular channels by the flow of the continuous phase in the corners, which also affects the flow inside the drops. In addition, a number of chemical species are present inside the drops, of which some may be surface-active. This work presents a novel experimental study of the flow fields of drops moving in a rectangular microfluidic channel when a surfactant is added to the dispersed phase. Four surfactants with different surface activities are used. Flow fields are measured using Ghost Particle Velocimetry, carried out at different channel depths to account for the 3-D flow structure. It is shown that the effect of the surfactant depends on the characteristic adsorption time. For fast-equilibrating surfactants with a characteristic time scale of adsorption that is much smaller than the characteristic time of surface deformation, this effect is related only to the decrease in interfacial tension, and can be accounted for by the change in capillary number. For slowly equilibrating surfactants, Marangoni stresses accelerate the corner flow, which changes the flow patterns inside the drop considerably.


The rigorous analytical calculation of the diffusion coefficient is performed for the chaotic motion of a particle in a set of longitudinal waves with random phases and large amplitudes (~ A). A first step proves the existence of a quasilinear diffusion on a time scale ~ A^{-2/3} \ln A. A second step uses this property to extend the result to asymptotic times by introducing the conditional probability distribution of position and velocity of an orbit at a given time when they are known at a previous time.


-Overstory and understory vegetation and physical parameters were sampled at sites where two endangered subspecies of the northern flying squirrel Glaucomys sabrinus are known to occur in the southern Appalachians. The 13 sites were disjunct, occurring at high elevations in mesic communities. Picea rubens was always present in the canopy (191173 trees/ha); the northernmost sites had greater densities of P. rubens and Betula lutea, while the southern sites had greater densities of Abies fraseri and Fagus grandifolia. Cluster analysis of overstory importance value data indicated the more southern sites and the more northern sites differed in species composition. In comparison the understory was highly variable among sites, both in species composition and percent cover and was therefore considered to be a poor indicator of suitable habitat for populations of G. sabrinus. Site characteristics indicate that the endangered populations of G. sabrinus may be restricted to patches of suitable habitat which remain at only a limited number of sites at high elevations in the southern Appalachian Mountains.


The intelligent control of autonomous vehicles has become one of the priority fields in development of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). Paper focuses on development of methodology of modeling and simulation of nonlinear system of an Autonomous Surface Vessel (ASV) together with neural predictive control in Simulink/MATLAB software environment. The simulations have been presented for two maneuvers: direct approaching the destination area and circular movement around the target position. Simulation results confirm the high-performance quality of neural predictive control approach. Future practical application of this theoretical study is associated with ASV "Nymo" developed in Tallinn University of Technology for environment monitoring and cargo transportation tasks.


Rapid development of economy in Malaysia and the large city scale expansion has led to increase in number of domestic sewage and industrial water waste. In managing sewage treatment facilities, Indah Water Konsortium Sdn Bhd (IWK) has developed the Integrated Geographical Information System (IGIS) to help them in decision making process. The face to face interview method with IGIS users has been used in getting the feedback on examining the main attribute data needed and then analyze it by using content analysis. It is conducted by updating the required attribute data into the IGIS application and removing unrelated attributes. In addition, the spatial information that can help to improve the IGIS application also be included in new version. Based on the findings of this paper, the improvement of this information will help the IWK to manage this sewerage system more effectively and to control the increasing number of sewerage treatment plant (STP). The upgraded IGIS application improves the management efficiency, management level and decision-making capacity of sewage treatment in state of Penang and provide a good demonstration and reference in sewage treatment infrastructure in others city.


Super-resolution is an important method to reconstruct high-resolution images from low-resolution images. In this paper, a manifold learning algorithm based on two-dimensional locality preserving projection (2D-LPP) is proposed for face image super-resolution. The 2D-LPP detects the intrinsic manifold structure of high space and preserves the structure in low space by projection. The projection approach in the 2D-LPP resolves the out-of-sample problem in embedding-based manifold learning methods, and improves the speed in reducing the dimension of a new sample data. Moreover, the 2D-LPP preserves more accurate manifold structure by directly operating on 2D images rather than flattened 1D vector as PCA and LPP does. Extensive experiments are conducted on the AR and FERET databases. Experimental results show that the proposed method performs better than PCA based super-resolution in both PSNR and time efficiency.


Taking the partial buildings of some city in the middle of China,the paper analyzes the allocation rules and the pricing features for the price differences among floors of real-estate buildings,and points out relative suggestions for real-estate sales,so as to direct the developer of the real-estate to have the reasonable adjustment of the price differences of floors and realize the sale aims for the buildings smoothly.


For the social design of the educational environment in the conditions of an intensively developing region, it is necessary to determine the basic prerequisites and trends of social changes in Russian society.The preconditions for such changes that we hade identified earlier made it possible to approach the following problem in detail: the problem of determining the trends in the development of the educational environment. The basis of the goal-setting was the idea of studying the trends in the development of the regional educational environment.A set of research methods was used to consider the situation in the Republic of Tatarstan and included, in particular, sociological observation, sociological survey, content analysis, system analysis.The educational environment in the work is understood as a set of conditions external to the individual (ensuring its social development in accordance with public expectations, as well as opportunities for its development), which determines socialization as a process and the result of the acquisition and appropriation of experience of social life activity (Education As A Process Of Social Types Formation /2015). The structure of the educational environment includes the value component and three spheres: the central (nuclear), external (developing) and mesosphere (The actual status of the municipal educational environment / 2016).In accordance, the tendencies of changing the educational environment in relation to its central sphere, the mesosphere, the external sphere and the value component are presented as results.


This paper proposes a new dual-band horn consisting of a tapered section, coaxial grooves section, and a ring projection installed between both sections in order to achieve rotationally symmetric beam, low cross-polarization components, and compact size over a wide frequency range. The effective design procedure for this antenna that optimizes two sections individually is described. As a design example, we present a compact horn antenna with low cross-polar level less than −30 dB at both center frequencies 7.8 GHz and 26 GHz of specified two bands.


For Immediate Release: Looking for a day in the country? Make the Vancouver Island Exhibition a part of your family vacation. During the third weekend in August the grounds of Nanaimo's Beban Park are filled with everything 'country', home baked goodies, produce larger than your head, and barnyard creatures. The mission of the fair is to advance the education of agriculture and showcase local farms and 4-H clubs, bringing agricultural awareness to the community. The theme for this year's exhibition is "Memories Galore".


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing an α-olefin polymer having high stereoregularity; and to provide a method for producing an α-olefin polymerization catalyst applicable to the production method and having a high activity excellent in the controllability of the molecular weight by hydrogen. SOLUTION: The production method for an α-olefin polymerization catalyst comprises steps of: (1) reducing a titanium compound represented by formula (I) (wherein R 1 denotes a 1-20C hydrocarbyl group; and X 1 denotes a halogen atom or a 1-20C hydrocarbyloxy group, and all the X 1 s are identical or different; and a denotes the number of 1 to 20) with an organomagnesium compound in the presence of a silicon compound having a Si-O bond, to produce a solid catalyst component precursor; (2) bringing the solid catalyst component precursor, a halogenated compound and an internal electron donor into contact with each other to produce a solid catalyst component containing a titanium atom, a magnesium atom and a halogen atom; and (3) bringing the solid catalyst component, an organoaluminum compound, an external electron donor represented by formula (II): R 2 Si(OC 2 H 5 ) 3 (wherein R 2 denotes a 3-20C hydrocarbyl group whose carbon atom bonding to Si is a secondary carbon atom), and an external electron donor represented by formula (III): R 3 n Si(OC 2 H 5 ) 4-n into contact with each other. COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT


Dataset for prediction of material elastic tensors. Available as Monty Encoder encoded JSON and as CSV. Recommended access method is with the matminer Python package using the datasets module. Note on citations: If you found this dataset useful and would like to
cite it in your work, please be sure to cite its original sources below
rather than or in addition to this page. Dataset described in: de Jong M, Chen W, Angsten T, Jain A, Notestine R, Gamst A, Sluiter M,
Ande CK, van der Zwaag S, Plata JJ, Toher C, Curtarolo S, Ceder G,
Persson KA, Asta M (2015) Charting the complete elastic properties of
inorganic crystalline compounds. Scientific Data 2: 150009. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2015.9 Data converted from json file available on Dryad (see references 3-4): de Jong M, Chen W, Angsten T, Jain A, Notestine R, Gamst A, Sluiter M,
Ande CK, van der Zwaag S, Plata JJ, Toher C, Curtarolo S, Ceder G,
Persson KA, Asta M (2015) Data from: Charting the complete elastic
properties of inorganic crystalline compounds. Dryad Digital Repository.
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h505v


The great importance of mangroves' forest is linked to their capacity of resilience against natural and human impacts, this way playing a determinant function in the adaptation to climatic change related processes. At global scale, mangroves' forests cover an area of 150,000 km2, 11% (≈16,500 km2) of them being located along the Pacific and Caribbean coasts of South America. About 70 species of mangroves exist around the World with 10 observed in South America, among them the most relevant are: Rhizophora mangle, Avicennia germinans, Laguncularia racemosa and Conocarpus erectus. Concerning mangroves' cover loss, at global scale, an annual rate of 0.16% was observed between 2000 and 2012 with lower rates recorded in South America respect to Asia, Africa, North and Central America. This paper analyses the main effects of natural and human impacts on mangroves' forests by means of examples from South America and several other countries. Concerning natural impacts special attention was devoted to: i) constant and ii) specific erosion processes (related to storms and tropical cyclones), both of them essentially affect Rizophora mangle since this specie occurs at the shoreline meanwhile strong winds recorded during hurricanes (with a category > 3 of the Saffir-Simpson scale) especially affects R. mangle and A. germinans, and iii) the effects of climatic phenomena such as "El Niño" and "La Niña" that produce variations in soil salinity that determinates the establishment and growth of a mangrove's specie or an other. Concerning human impacts special attention was paid to illegal logging that, in the Northern Caribbean of Colombian coast essentially affectes L. racemosa, which wood is used by local population to build up cabins on the beaches for tourist purposes. Keywords: Coastal erosion, Hurricane, El Niño, Deforestation, Salinity.


The experimental optimization by the modified simplex method of a bipotentiometric flow injection analysis (FIA) system, constituted by two different ion selective electrodes (ISEs) placed in series, for the simultaneous determination of calcium and chloride in waters is reported. The response function used was a weighted linear combination of three variables, chosen to achieve maximization of the calcium electrode sensitivity, minimization of the interference of the calcium signal on the chloride response and maximization of the sampling rate. The optimized system is able to determine calcium in the range 5 × 10–5–5 × 10–3 mol l–1 with a sensitivity of ca. 27 mV decade–1 and chloride in the range 2 × 10–4–2 × 10–2 mol l–1, the maximum value tested, with a sensitivity of ca. 55 mV decade–1. The repeatability found was 1.9 and 0.6%, respectively, at 2 × 10–4 and 2.2 × 10–3 mol l–1 (8 and 90 mg l–1), for calcium determinations, and 1.8 and 1.2%, respectively, at 3.4 × 10–4 and 8.3 × 10–4 mol l–1 (12 and 29 mg l–1), for chloride determinations. A sampling rate of 40 h–1 was obtained. The influence of the ionic strength on the results is discussed. The relative accuracy of the bipotentiometric FIA system was demonstrated by determination of the contents of both ions in natural waters in parallel with ASTM certified methods.


ABSTRACT: The main of arborization of grasslands is the comfort supplied to the animals by the shadow of the trees, which not only increases the milk production but also improves the reproduction of the cows. In hot regions and shadowed areas, the grazing behavior of animals is changed resulting in better distribution of rumination during the day and more time for animals to rest. An experiment to select species for arborization of grasslands in the Cerrado areas was installed in Planaltina-DF, on a grassland of Brachiaria decumbens. In this experiment 21 species were evaluated. Based on tree height, trunk diameter, tree canopy and survival after 57 months, the best species for grasslands arborization were: Jacare (Piptadenia gonoacantha (Mart.) J. F. Macbr, Tamboril (Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong., Angico-do-cerrado (Anadenanthera falcata (Benth.) Speg., Eucalyptus citriodora Hook, Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake, Mata-cachorro (Simarouba versicolor A. St. Hill.


New approximations for the inverse of the incomplete gamma function are derived, which are used to develop efficient evaluations of the inverse Poisson cumulative distribution function. An asymptotic approximation based on the standard Normal approximation is particularly good for CPUs with MIMD cores, while for GPUs and other hardware with vector units, a second asymptotic approximation based on Temme's approximation of the incomplete gamma function is more efficient due to conditional branching within each vector. The accuracy and efficiency of the software implementations is assessed on both CPUs and GPUs.


19-ray diode electron gun sample based on matrix autoemission cathode (AK) made from glass carbon CU-2000 is produced. The achieved average current density of AK is 0.9 A/cm2. Multipointed matrix density for the AK is 2.5*105cm-2


The purpose of this study was to analyze the male student population at West Texas Middle School in order to determine why the majority of male students at West Texas Middle School do not participate in the athletic program. This particular study was classified as both a case study and a program evaluation due to the nature of the study containing elements of both paradigms. The instruments that the researcher used to collect data were student questionnaires, structured interviews, formal observations, and attendance/academic data documents. A questionnaire was selected for data collection because of the possibility for collecting rich data straight from the student population. Structured group interviews were conducted in order to capture current and valid data from the coaching staff and the athletic director. Informal observations were conducted in order to gather rich data of interactions between coaches and students. Attendance and academic document data was collected to compare the effectiveness of athletic programs. Finally, semi structured interviews were utilized to gather opinions and perspectives of the coaches in regards to the athletic program. The findings from data analysis revealed that the male athletic department experienced low participation numbers due to a lack of student's interest and a harmful climate created by the athletics director and coaching staff. The study revealed that the students were heavily involved in extracurricular activities. However, a small percentage of these students were involved in boy's athletics. The athletic program lacked a clear vision with aligned goals. This, along with the toxic working environment, contributed to the toxic culture of the male athletic program.


The issues related to women and gender within the context of the water and sanitation sector, are controversial since 1981-1990 where women were the sole participants in water programs. Since then, the lessons learned have demonstrated that gender equality participation will result in an increase in the economy, poverty reduction, household welfare, local development, and progress. However, the macro and institutional aspects have not been set to follow the project guidelines. This paper proposes an institutional methodology for the inclusion of gender equality to the water and sanitation project. To strengthening capacity building in order to have access to the necessary resources and be part or the community, and sharing equality for their well being. The proposed methodology is based on experiences taken from Peru, and data collection through interviews , consultation workshops, and groups discussions with men and women of rural communities. The program acknowledges plans for cultural diversity on policies that do not affect these differences. This paper challenges the professionals involved in planning to carry on the water and sanitation programs and embark in an experience that will allow access to water and sanitation programs on the basis of gender equality in rural areas.


Epiretinal membrane with foveal herniation is a rare presentation of a common disease. Only 1 case without follow-up has been reported in the literature so far, and there are no reports on visual outcome following membrane peel. We present a patient with epiretinal membrane causing significant macular edema and foveal herniation through a round central hole within the epiretinal membrane. The patient underwent vitrectomy with epiretinal membrane peel and indocyanine green assisted wide internal limiting membrane peel, which resulted in substantial visual acuity gain and restoration of macular anatomy. The presence of severe foveal herniation does not preclude good visual and anatomic outcome.


Capuchins select certain plants to rub their pelage, a behaviour that can be both solitary, or collective. When rubbing their fur in body contact of conspecifics, capuchins sometimes coil their semi-prehensile tail around the body of the capuchin(s) in contact. However, the underlying mechanisms of tail coiling around conspecifics have never been studied previously and we propose to examine the impact of sociodemographic factors on this peculiar behaviour. Through this quantitative study, we found that (1) all the individuals emit and receive tail coiling, (2) affiliation drives the extent to which this behaviour is emitted; (3) emission and reception of tail coiling are symmetrical, even if delayed in time; (4) tail coiling frequency depends on the food resource used to perform fur rubbing and (5) tail coiling does not increase the duration of fur-rubbing behaviour. Our data does not support the hypothesis that tail coiling allows the recruitment of conspecifics in fur rubbing behaviour; instead, this behaviour seems to be more associated with social allo-rubbing.


In an era of cardiovascular care where novel clinical, biochemical, genetic and imaging determinants impacting patient outcomes are being continuously discovered, the field of outcomes research offers clinicians and patients the potential to make better informed health care decisions through the use of sophisticated risk-adjustment models that incorporate patients' clinical characteristics and treatments. However, the translation of such models to clinical practice has been severely limited by their mathematical complexity, the ongoing evolution of models over time, and the difficulty in conveying the outputs of these models in a format useful to physicians and their patients. Herein we present an application suite for creating Web-based clinical tools for delivering risk-adjustment models to the bedside. This suite offers an intuitive visual interface for building models as well as a broad range of easy to understand graphical output options.


dentate gyrus. Statistics: Two-way ANOVA (p<0.05; mean±standard deviation). Results: Animals without ischemia (groups A, C, and E) showed no histopathological damage in the hippocampus. After cerebral ischemia >50 % of the hippocampus was damaged in animals with normothermia (group B) and 10 % with hypothermia (group D). Without ischemia animals of the normothermic group (group A) generated 4,624±2,668 and animals of the hypothermic group (group C) 7,874±2,153 new neurons. After cerebral ischemia in normothermic animals (group B) 20,743±7,771 and of the hypothermic animals (group D) 17,711±8,626 new neurons were generated. Discussion: The present data confirm previous studies, where periischemic hypothermia reduced histopathological damage in rat brains. Induction of hypothermia in absence of ischemia increased the number of new hippocampal neurons. Likewise, forebrain ischemia increased the number of new neurons irrespective of brain temperature. This suggests that hypothermia represents a neurogenerating stimulus per se with no additive effect when applied to ischemic brain tissue.


A proanthocyanidin (PA) fraction containing tetrameric A- and B-type PAs was obtained after Sephadex LH-20 chromatography and high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) of a PA extract from fresh tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves. The biphasic solvent system hexane–ethyl acetate–methanol–water system (1:5:1:5), with the aqueous phase as the mobile phase, was selected on the basis of partition coefficient (KD1.02), settling time (18 s), and stationary phase retention (60%). Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) indicated the presence of A-type linkages in the tetrameric PAs in one of the HSCCC fractions.


Objective
The current study explores the efficacy of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication(LNF)on gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)-related respiratory symptoms(RSs).

Methods
From April 2010 to April 2011, LNF was performed on 130 patients(85 men and 45 women)in Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, the see ond Artillery General Hospital of Chinese People′s Liberation Army and the First Affiliated Aospital of Zhengzhou University, with GERD-related RSs according to underlying esophageal motility.A questionnaire form ranging from 0 to 5 was the basic requirement for recording pretreatment and posttreatment and for making detailed evaluation of the symptoms.All scores of GERD-related RSs, such as heartburn, regurgitation, coughing, breathe holding, wheezing, shortness of breath, and choking, significantly decreased at the 12th month.during a 12-month follow-up observation.

Results
All the patients who participated in the current study were adults and elders aged 22 to 80 years with a mean age of 50 years.The median length of stay was 4.5 days with a range of 2 to 8 days.The median score of heartburn, regurgitation, coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, choking, and chest pain decreased from(4.87±1.74), (5.02±1.79), (7.09±1.81), (7.45±1.70), (5.80±2.10), (5.88±2.25), (5.0±1.80) to (1.60±2.31), (0.64±1.50), (2.87±2.91), (2.50±2.87), (1.80±2.07), (1.37±2.01), and (1.58±2.74)(P<0.01), respectively.A total of 130 patients had various relieved symptom scores, 10 patients(7.7%)had different scale recurrence of symptoms after laparoscopic fundoplication treatment, and 7 patients had to retreat to omeprazole as an auxiliary medical therapy.Three other patients rejected any therapy, and no deaths occurred.A single patient converted from laparoscopic surgery to open surgery.Several short-term symptoms included retrosternal uneasiness or pain(n=42; 32.3%), dysphagia(n=12; 9.2%), abdominal distension(n=21; 16.2%), and diarrhea(n=23; 11.6%). Early dysphagia lasting<6 weeks was common, and 16 patients(12.3%)underwent an early esophagogastroduodenoscopy or contrast swallow.Five patients(1.9%)who had prolonged dysphagia during the 6-month clinical review required esophageal dilatation, and the outcomes were successful.

Conclusion
LNF can be an effective means for treating RSs in patients with GERD.

Key words:
Gastroesophageal reflux; Fundoplication; Laparoscopy; Respiratory symptoms


Surfaces of additively manufactured (AM) stainless steel (SS) by fusing metallic powders are known to be much rougher than those produced by conventionally fabrication methods. The measured surface roughness (Sa or Sq) can range from a few to tens of microns depending on the build angle. Recent studies have shown that the large surface roughness associated with printing conditions makes the AM SS surfaces susceptible to localized corrosion and open-circuit corrosion [1, 2]. Sa or Sq have also long been used to characterize the corrosion behavior of traditionally manufactured metals [3]. However, the open-circuit corrosion rate of the traditional metals has been mainly studied in the submicron-scale surface roughness, and some results have showed that changes in the roughness of hundreds of nanometers or more have little effect on the change in the corrosion rate [4]. In addition, when applied to AM materials, no consistent correlation between the pitting breakdown potential (Eb) and surface roughness has been observed.
 In this study, the dependence of the corrosion behavior on the electrochemically active surface area of AM 316L SS, defined as the total area of the curvilinear surface that is exposed to the electrolyte, has been explored. The localized corrosion susceptibility was evaluated under full immersion in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution through potentiodynamic polarization for testing articles with different surface roughness. While no correlation to Sa or Sq was displayed, the Eb values showed a clear statistical trend with respect to the electrochemically active surface area: the lager the active surface area, the smaller the Eb. The observed correlation fits well with a previously reported stochastic pitting model on metal surfaces [5]. In addition, by normalizing linear polarization resistance and electrochemical impedance spectra with the electrochemically active surface area, it can be confirmed that the as-printed surface roughness of AM 316L SS did not have a significant effect on the change of the open-circuit corrosion phenomenon under static immersion conditions. Our results suggest that electrochemically active surface area is an appropriate parameter to characterize the corrosion behavior of AM metal surfaces.
 This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.
 References
 1. Melia, M.A., et al., How build angle and post-processing impact roughness and corrosion of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel. Npj Materials Degradation, 2020. 4(1).
 2. Ni, C., Y. Shi, and J. Liu, Effects of inclination angle on surface roughness and corrosion properties of selective laser melted 316L stainless steel. Materials Research Express, 2019. 6(3).
 3. Walter, R. and M.B. Kannan, Influence of surface roughness on the corrosion behaviour of magnesium alloy. Materials & Design, 2011. 32(4): p. 2350-2354.
 4. Li, W. and D.Y. Li, Influence of surface morphology on corrosion and electronic behavior. Acta Materialia, 2006. 54(2): p. 445-452.
 5. Shibata, T., 1996 W R Whitney Award lecture: Statistical and stochastic approaches to localized corrosion. Corrosion, 1996. 52(11): p. 813-830.


The study of a complex phenomenon such as innovation requires different levels of interdisciplinary analysis. Assuming that the enterprise is the fundamental agent of economic change, this paper aims to analyse the literature in the field of technological innovation and determinants that stimulate organizations to engage in innovative process. The technological innovation is an instrumental factor in creating new forms of value in such a competitive environment as the current economic, social and politic world is. It favours the creation of new products which are accepted and sold worldwide, with a competitive price and quality. The technological innovation should be supported both by the public and the business enterprise expenditure. Results of the innovative process depend not only on product or process obtained, but also of its efficient management. Companies' managers should cultivate a pro-innovation attitude inside also in their relations with the outside world and to stimulate employees and collaborators by offering various incentives and create a favourable environment for shaping innovative ideas which on longer or shorter term could bring financial and / or competition benefits.


There was researched the effect of Bacillus subtilis bacteria in combination with salicylic (SA) and jasmonic (JA) acids on the state of the pro / antioxidant system (hydrogen peroxide content, catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase activity) in connection with the development of potato resistance to late blight pathogen - oomycete Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary under moisture deficit conditions. Plants grown from microtubers of the Rannyaya Rosa cultivar were sprayed with a suspension of B. subtilis (108 cells / ml) and a mixture of bacteria with SA (10-6 M), JA (10-7 M), SA + JA (1:1). 3 days after treatment, the plants were infected with P. infestans (105 spores / ml) and cultivated under artificial soil drought conditions by reducing irrigation. When soil moisture reached 40±5% (7 days after infection), biochemical parameters were assessed in plants. A decrease in the degree of leaves damage by P. infestans was revealed when treated with B. subtilis in combination with SA and JA. The mechanism of increasing the resistance of potato plants to late blight when treated with Bacillus subtilis bacteria in combination with signaling molecules under conditions of drought was associated with the accumulation of H2O2 and modulation of antioxidant enzymes activity.


By analyzing the cost, gotten benefit of the right to silence, the necessity of specific protection of right to silence in both the legislation and legal practice is demonstrated in this article.


&NA; Strain distirubtions on impacted ophthalmic lenses were measured with strain gages. The strain distributions, which resulted from impacts produced with a special apparatus, were shown to be comparable to those which arise in the FDA drop‐ball test. The measured strain drops off very rapidly away from the impact point, implying that only a small part of the lens is really being tested. The results are in good agreement with the quasi‐static predictions. The effect of differences in lens power, of input kinetic energy, and of inserting the lens in a polyethylene bag are also investigated.


A sketch generation algorithm based on gray-scale synthesis for artistic effect of realistic images is proposed in this paper.It is different with existing algorithms that only uses edge detection method to extract the image edge features.This algorithm remains important details of the characteristics in the image through gray-scale distribution.The image edge features is enhanced and softened through gray-scale synthesis in order to format the sketch effect.Firstly,the input image is converted into the anti-color image and filtered through Gaussian blur filter in order to smooth edge feature.Secondly,the anti-color image and the original input gray image are synthesized by gray-scale synthesis and the brightness of mixed image can be is adjusted adaptively.It will lead to format artistic style sketch images.The experiment results show that this algorithm can keep the details of the characteristics of the input image and achieve sketch effect.


Objective To assess the resistance various stress, the intelligence and the immunity function in the normal aged mice model. Methods 15 month-old and 25 day-old of Kunming species mice were divided into the young group and the old group. We detected and compared the resistance against various stress, the intelligence and the immunity . Results We compared the normal aged mice with the young mice. In the normal aged mice model, the resistance abilities to fatigue and the normal hypoxia tolerance were decreased significantly ( P 0.01, P 0.01). The wrong reactive rates of "Y" Maze and Step Down Test were on increase significantly ( P 0.01, P 0.01). T lymphocyte transforming ability and the titre of anti-SRBC antiboby were decreased significantly ( P 0.05, P 0.01). Conclusion While the body aged naturally, the abilities of resistance various stress, immunity and memorize were decreased.


abstract:This essay explores the convergence of natural history, environmental nostalgia, and nativism in the English country books of naturalist W. H. Hudson. In his efforts to chronicle rural England, Hudson blends empiricism and enchantment to commemorate local communities and to deploy them as a critique of urban modernity. This method both anticipates the anthropological turn of interwar English culture and reveals troubling resonances between environmental nostalgia and nationalist rhetoric.


The article considers risk as an economic category. The article analyzes
some indicators related to the economic security of insurance companies
as criteria that should be analyzed by employees of the Ministry of internal
affairs of Russia when detecting and solving crimes in the insurance business in the Russian Federation


Let $L_u=\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0u & 1\end{bmatrix}$ and $R_v=\begin{bmatrix}1 & v0 & 1\end{bmatrix}$ be matrices in $SL_2(\mathbb Z)$ with $u, v\geq 1$. In 1991, Z\'emor developed a hash function based on $L_1$ and $R_1$. Recently, Bromberg, Shpilrain, and Vdovina proposed a hash function based on $L_u$ and $R_v$ when $u=v\in \{2,3\}$. For these values of $u$ and $v$, they analyzed the girth of the Cayley graph of the monoid generated by $L_u$ and $R_v$. As a consequence, they obtained lower bounds on the length of collisions for the corresponding hash functions. By using ideas from our previous work on $(u,v)$-Calkin-Wilf trees generated by $L_u$ and $R_v$, we extend their results for any $u, v\geq 1$.


• Die-hard sensor network is a wireless sensor network that has an autonomous function alternation mechanism among sensor nodes as well as ordinary wireless sensor network capabilities such as automatic network establishment. With this mechanism, we can realized self-organized and maintenance-free sensor network systems. Its applications include surveillance of disaster-hit region, and river and forest monitoring. We are developing not only sensornode hardware but also protocols equipped to the sensor node.


We consider the existence of multiple positive solutions of nonlinear m-point boundary value problem with p-Laplace operator on time scales.By using the fixed point index theory,we get the existence of twin positive solutions.As an application,we give some examples to demonstrate our results.


We present a new family of linear time algorithms for string comparison with mismatches under the string kernels framework. Based on sufficient statistics, our algorithms improve theoretical complexity bounds of existing approaches while scaling well in sequence alphabet size, the number of allowed mismatches and the size of the dataset. In particular, on large alphabets and under loose mismatch constraints our algorithms are several orders of magnitude faster than the existing algorithms for string comparison under the mismatch similarity measure. We evaluate our algorithms on synthetic data and real applications in music genre classification, protein remote homology detection and protein fold prediction. The scalability of the algorithms allows us to consider complex sequence transformations, modeled using longer string features and larger numbers of mismatches, leading to a state-of-the-art performance with significantly reduced running times.


1 Department of Chemistry, East Tehran (Qiam Dasht) Branch. Islamic Azad University Tehran, Iran 2 Department of Chemistry, Eslamshahr Branch . Islamic Azad University Eslamshahr, Iran *Corresponding Author's Email: firstname.lastname@example.com; email@example.com A selective and simple method has been developed for preconcentration of Ni on C18 disks nano graphene with aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). Simple chemical bonding method to synthesize nano graphene with aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was reported. The adsorption behaviors of Ni (II) in aqueous solution on APTES were systematically investigated. The procedure is based on the selective formation of Ni (II) at optimum pH by elution with organic effluents and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The method is based on complex formation on the surface of the ENVI-18 DISK TM disks nano graphene with amino propyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by stripping of the retained species by minimum amounts of appropriate organic solvents. The elution is efficient and quantitative. The effect of potential interfering ions, pH, APTES amount, stripping solvent, and sample flow rate were also investigated. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the break-through volume was found to about 1000mL providing a preconcentration factor of 600. The maximum capacity of the disk nano graphene with aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was found to be 398± 3 μg for Ni 2+ .The limit of detection of the proposed method is 5ng per 1000mL.The method was applied to the extraction and recovery of Ni in different water samples.


In plant breeding, multilocation trials form the major means for the comparative evaluation of cultivars. Based on such trials, recommendations may be given to farmers. Commonly, cultivars that did best on average are recommended for all locations. However, the intended growing region can be ecologically heterogeneous and cultivarlocation interactions can be substantial. As a result, the cultivar with the largest mean is not generally the best in all locations of the region. When information is available on the response of a cultivar to varying environmental conditions, cultivar-location interactions can be (partly) predicted, thus allowing for more specific recommendations. This article discusses a regression-based approach for predicting cultivar performances using covariate information on locations such as average rainfall and soil type. Special emphasis is given to the selection of covariates useful for prediction. The mean squared error of prediction is used as a selection criterion.


Production risk is an occurrence of uncertainty in the agriculture sector and potentially potential loss and as a deviation from the agricultural production result obtained with the expected. This study aims to (1) To know the risk farming production at the shore of Lake Tempe in Mallusesalo Village, Sabbangparu District, Wajo Regency; and (2) To identify the efforts that need to be made by farmers in mitigating the risk of production of Lake Tempe coastal rice farming in Mallusesalo Village, Sabbangparu District, Wajo Regency. Data analysis techniques used are farm income analysis, coefficient of variation (CV) analysis, and descriptive analysis. The results of this study show that the average income of farmers is in Mallusesalo village of Rp. 17,243,261 / ha per season. Production risk obtained coefficient of variation (CV) of 0.046 can be interpreted as rice farming in Mallusesalo village has a low production risk. Efforts that need to be done by farmers in mitigating production risk are farmers observing weather conditions by referring to the planting calendar by taking into account the time of planting based on climate conditions. If there are signs of pest and disease attacks, farmers should prepare medicines (pesticides) accordingly. In addition, farmers can choose superior rice seed varieties, and farmers can also carry out biological biological control by utilizing natural enemies to reduce pest population.Keyword : Production; Risk;  Mitigate; Rice; Lake Tempe


Natural regeneration is critical for forest ecosystems. Local extinction can occur if adequate seedling recruitment does not occur before old trees die.


Knowing whether the dispersion structures of two elliptically symmetric populations are proportional is an important problem in multivariate data analysis. Since the problem is invariant under nonsingular transformations it is possible to reduce it to the situation where one population is spherically symmetric while the other has a diagonal dispersion structure. In this article we develop a nonparametric test procedure based on the idea of inter directions, introduced by Randies (1989) in the context of multivariate sign tests. The findings of this article also enhance the possibility of developing a technology for robust multivariate data analysis using such fundamentally geometric concepts.


This article describes the development of early warning indicators for high school and beyond in the Milwaukee Public Schools (MPS) by the Value-Added Research Center (VARC) at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, working in conjunction with staff from the Division of Research and Evaluation at MPS. Our work in MPS builds on prior early warning work by using both preexisting and new district data sets to build predictive models for identifying students at elevated risk of an entire series of adverse outcomes in high school and beyond, beginning with grade 9 retention and continuing into postsecondary education. This early warning work in MPS makes at least 2 significant contributions to the existing base of research: (a) broadening the set of outcomes that early warning work can predict; and (b) investigating new ways of conveying early warning information to practitioners, such as probability estimates for each outcome and the total quality credits (TQC) measure.


Provided is a catalyst composition with which a hard polyurethane foam can be manufactured. The polyurethane foam has excellent heat insulation performance, does not corrode foaming equipment, and the catalyst is not precipitated even if mixed with a polyol. The catalyst composition for manufacturing polyurethane resin contains at least one type of amino compound (A) selected from a group comprising the amino compounds represented by formula (1) and the amino compounds represented by formula (2), and glycerin (B). (Formula 1) [R 1 represents an ethylene group, or a straight-chain or branched-chain alkylene group having 3 to 12 carbons.] (Formula 2) [R 2 represents a methylene group, an ethylene group, or a straight-chain or branched-chain alkylene group having 3-12 carbons.]


This article focuses on the development of the French adverbials au fait, de fait and en fait. Although they share the same origin, the three cognates are not interchangeable in present-day French which suggests that they have followed divergent paths of language change. A contrastive analysis is of interest for several reasons: (1) A comparison of the development of the three cognates can help capture the differences in their use; (2) On a theoretical level, the evolution of au fait, de fait and en fait is of particular interest to the study of the relation between lexicalization, grammaticalization and pragmaticalization. The modern uses of au fait, de fait and en fait are indeed the result of three different grammaticalization processes.


The method of producing power from diesel engines despite being created a long time is still quite used these days, and pollutants formation including their emission are considered one of the major sources of air pollution. This study reports the effects of the engine load on the specific cost per exergy unit of electricity. Experimental results from literature were analyzed, and using this data, combustion model based on the unburned hydrocarbons was developed. Moreover, an energy, exergy and exergoeconomic balance were carried out. Further results will be shown.


This paper is essentially devoted to the study of some interesting relations among the well known operators I (the interpolated Invert), L (the interpolated Binomial) and Revert (that we call η). We prove that I and L are conjugated in the group Υ(R). Here R is a commutative unitary ring. In the same group we see that η transforms I in L by conjugation. These facts are proved as corollaries of much more general results. Then we carefully analyze the action of these operators on the setR of second order linear recurrent sequences. While I and L transform R in itself, η sends R in the set of moment sequences μn(h, k) of particular families of orthogonal polynomials, whose weight functions are explicitly computed. The moments come out to be generalized Motzkin numbers (if R = Z, the Motzkin numbers are μn(−1, 1)). We give several interesting expressions of μn(h, k) in closed forms, and one recurrence relation. There is a fundamental sequence of moments, that generates all the other ones, μn(0, k). These moments are strongly related with Catalan numbers. This fact allows us to find, in the final part, a new identity on Catalan numbers by using orthogonality relations. 1 A group acting on sequences Definition 1.1. S(R) = { A = {an} n=0 : ∀n an ∈ R, a0 = 1 } where R is a commutative unitary ring. Now we embed S(R) in R[[t]] in this way (1) ∀A ∈ S(R) λ(A) = +∞ ∑


The recent emergence of spintronic terahertz (THz) emitters has provided a low-cost source of high field-strength, broadband THz radiation, exploiting the laser-induced electron spin properties in magnetic multi-layers to produce gap-free emission covering 1-30 THz and electric fields up to 300 kV/cm. An interesting property of spintronic emitters is that they have been shown to generate THz radiation polarized perpendicular to the applied magnetic field and independent of the pump laser polarization. We exploit this magnetic field-dependent emission process to create arbitrary terahertz polarization profiles. We show that by applying a specific magnetic field pattern to the source, it is possible to generate a quadrupole-like THz polarization profile. Measurements of the THz electric field at the focus of the beam revealed a polarity flip in the transverse profile of the quadrupole-like mode with a resulting strong, on-axis longitudinal component of 17.7 kV/cm.


ABSTRACT Performance Factors Analysis (PFA) is considered one of the most important Knowledge Tracing (KT) approaches used for constructing adaptive educational hypermedia systems. It has shown a high prediction accuracy against many other KT approaches. While, the desire to estimate more accurately the student level leads researchers to enhance PFA by inventing several advanced extensions. However, most of the proposed extensions have exclusively been improved in a pedagogical sense, as the improvements have mostly been limited to the analysis of students' behaviour during their learning process. In contrast, Machine Learning provides many powerful methods that could be efficient to enhance, in the technical sense, the prediction of student performance. Our goal is to focus on the exploitation of Ensemble Learning methods as an extremely effective Machine Learning paradigm used to create many advanced solutions in several fields. In this sense, we propose a new PFA approach based on different models (Random Forest, AdaBoost, and XGBoost) in order to increase the predictive accuracy of student performance. Our models have been evaluated on three different datasets. The experimental results show that the scalable XGBoost has outperformed the other evaluated models and substantially improved the performance prediction compared to the original PFA algorithm.