The subject of prenatal symbolism in Paleolithic art study after designating itself long time ago, is until now in the stage of serious discussions. Many researches discuss the fact, that phenomenon of pregnancy was interesting to Paleolithic culture, and that it was necessary to capture it. But most of the times their statements are built on the analysis of descriptive forms of art such as statuettes, engravings, suspensions which in their reliefs resembling bodies of the pregnant woman. The main problems of those interpretations are research's subjectivism and undeveloped procedure of the interpretation of artistic symbols. There are also other forms of capturing, which also must be assigned on the data analysis of this subject. Those are so-called sign records/texts of Paleolithic, consisting of cavities, striations, cracks. The methods of the analysis of those records are far away from being completed, but there are specific methods, which are in use already. It is necessary to note that in this record you can see not only rhythmus of fetus's development of contemporary man's kind, but there is probability of detection of fetus's rhythmus of our nearest relative Neanderthal man. The dating of dagger does not allow to say that these two kinds had met, but it is possible that culture captured information about similar encounter and analyzed of their consequence.


From its foundation, Literary Theory held epistemological affi nities with Structuralism that added to the convergence of criticism and analytical method. Those affi nities implied, along with the normalization and the demystifi cation of literary discourse, its radical de-aestheticization. The claim to universality, contained in the thoughtless equation of valid knowledge and system of propositions, fostered objectivity at the expense of the object, in Language and Literature Studies: linguistic defi nitions concurred to the erasure of the material dimension of the experience of language. If we're dealing, however, with an epistemological error – namely, assuming as commensurable analysis and criticism, knowledge and truth, linguistic universal and aesthetic particular –, the critical self-refl ection should strive to overcome the defi ciencies that follow the historical intertwinement of aesthetics and linguistics.


Video sensor networks (VSNs) offer an alternative to several existing surveillance technologies. However, unlike in conventional sensor network, video processing and transmission requires large amount of resources both in signal processing, i.e., encoding, and transmission of the encoded data. For such networks, an optimal encoding power and rate allocation method based on a power-rate-distortion (PRD) analysis has previously been proposed, where the power consumption of video encoding can be controlled by managing some encoding parameters. However, these parameters are currently obtained offline by examining the stored video, an approach which may not be suitable for surveillance applications. In this paper, a distance based heuristic for encoding power and rate allocation of VSNs is proposed. The proposed technique is a practical solution since the video coding parameter is controlled by the node's location in the network. Although the proposed technique offers a sub-optimal solution, in some scenarios it achieves performance up to 94% of the optimal solution in terms of network lifetime.


The objective of this study is to evaluate the early age hydration of accelerated CEM I pastes. Liquid phase analysis, conductimetry, isothermal calorimetry, in situ XRD and SEM were performed on cement pastes produced with 3.0% of an alkaline accelerator (sodium aluminate solution) and 7.0% of an alkali-free accelerator (aluminum sulfate solution). Results showed that the addition of these chemicals first changes the ionic equilibria of the medium by the consumption of Ca and SO4 ions from the liquid phase. The alkali-free accelerator contributes to the rapid formation of ettringite, as well as to a faster rate of alite dissolution and hydration. The aluminate accelerator leads to AFt and AFm formation, rapidly depleting gypsum and forming a large deposit over the surface of the grains that inhibiting alite hydration. According to the results, variations in cement hydration mechanisms caused by accelerators with different chemical compositions are explained.


A method of image compression based on optimum spatial resample was present.It compressed the image by selecting a subset of the whole image pixels with criterion of minimizing the revert error and revert image through piecewise linear interpolation.Experiments shows that its performance is close to JPEG2000 as a whole,worse when image have complex textures,and better than JPEG2000 in edge preservation and visual effect with low bit and noisy image compression.


Based on the fact that different tourist zones in villages attract various number of tourists,this paper investigates two typical tourist villages-Xidi village and Suhe village.It is found that the primary tourist zones should be controlled within 45% of the total area of the villages since they are visited by 80% of tourists touring in small areas of respectively 29% and 35.6% of the total areas of the two villages.With an analysis of the five aspects of tourist behaviors namely routine itinerary,viewing behavior,fatigue limit,routes seeking and herd mentality,the paper points out that primary tourist zones will not expand because of the increase of tourists and that disordered and useless development should be reduced,the value of main tour zones be explored and the atmosphere of secondary zones be kept.


All information on the subgenus VerraZZina Theobald of the genus Aedes Meigen from Sri Lanka is reviewed. Identification keys for females, males, pupae and fourth stage larvae from Sri Lanka are presented. Ten species, Ae. butleri Theobald, Ae. indicus (Theobald), Ae. lankaensis Stone and Knight, Ae. Zugubris Barraud (new country record), Ae. petroelephantus Wijesundara, Ae. pseudomediofasciatus (Theobald), Ae. seculutus Menon, Ae. spermuthecus Wijesundara, Ae. srilunkensis Reinert and Ae. yerburyi Edwards, are currently known from Sri Lanka. Each species treatment includes synonymy, descriptions and illustrations of adults, pupae and fourth stage larvae, type-data, distribution, discussion, bionomics and pertinent literature. Lectotypes for Ae. lugubris and Ae. pseudomediofasciutus are designated. A revised treatment of the subgenus VerraZZina is given and includes descriptions of all stages, distribution, discussion, medical importance and bionomics.


Research in automation focuses on systems which are capable of solving very complex tasks and problems. Artificial Intelligence and especially Cognitive Science have brought remarkable successes; however, in some areas the boarders of feasibility and further extension are reached. Compared to human intelligence the range of capabilities of the solutions is still modest. In the following we will argue why we see the necessity to introduce a novel approach for creating models, which possibilities and tools computer engineering can offer, why a psychoanalytical template is considered meaningful, and which open problems could be tackled or even broken through with this approach, respectively. The article is based on comprehensive research results in the course of several research projects including a European one. Involved persons originate from a number of research institutions in Austria, South Africa, and Canada.


Macrostructure of Pre-modern Japanese Dictionaries: Chinese Models and Japanese Innovations Japanese lexicography, being based on a writing system that was derived in Japan from the Chinese writing system, is rooted in the Chinese lexicographical tradition, Earl_FINAL.indd 191 28.11.2019 8:30:58 192 Kristina HMELJAK SANGAWA but developed its own systems to organise lexicographical information. The first dictionaries created in Japan listed Chinese characters according to their form and radicals, recording only Chinese language information, while later dictionaries included also Japanese glosses. The development of the two syllabaries, hiragana and katakana, facilitated the creation of dictionaries with phonetically ordered lists of words. This paper presents the development of different lexicographical systems and their backgrounds.


According to the classification of recent writers under the erythemas—les erythémes of the French—are included simple erythema, erythema exudativum, herpes iris, erythema nodosum, certain of the purpuras, urticaria, and angioneurotic œdema. The essential process is a vascular change with exudate, blood, serum, alone or combined. While five or six of the affections just named are described usually as separate diseases they belong to one family, and are characterized by the similarity of the conditions under which they occur, the frequency with which the lesions are substituted the one for the other in the same patient at different times, the tendency to recurrence, often through a long period of years, and, lastly, the identity of the visceral manifestations. In the latter for some years past I have been particularly interested, and in 1895 I published a series of eleven cases, and in 1900 a second series of seven cases. In this paper I shall give a third set of eleven cases, and shall consider the features presented by the entire group of twenty-nine cases. Eight only of the patients were under ten years of age; thirteen were between the tenth and twentieth years. There were eleven females and eighteen males. The seriousness of the condition is attested by the occurrence of seven deaths in my series—24.1 percent. CASE XIX. Onset, with erythema over cheeks and nose, in October, 1889; puffiness of one small joint; œdema of one eyelid; increase in the erythema and swelling of the face; marked puffiness and stiffness of the hands; recurring attacks of erythema of the face and local infiltrations in different parts of the body; slight fever; in March very high fever, to 105° F.; much swelling and infiltration of the face and neck; acute nephritis; persistence of œdema of face; death by urœmia May 13, 1900.— Miss C., Pittsburg, Pa., aged fifteenyears; seenJanuary9,1900. Father neurotic. No rheumatic history in the family. She has been a very healthy girl; is well grown. She began to menstruate at fourteen years. Large framed; has developed rapidly. Late in October, one Sunday returning from church, an erythematous blush of both cheeks was noticed, extending to the bridge of the nose. It was thought to be due to the sun, as it was a very hot day. As the congested condition of the face did not disappear, a dermatologist was consulted, who pronounced it eczema and gave her an application. For two weeks subsequently she showed a slight puffiness over the tendon of the left metacarpal bone of themiddle finger. This disappeared quickly, then followed a puffiness of the left eyelid, and in a few days of the right eyelid, the erythema of the face changing in appearance, at times nearly fading. The eyelids were infiltrated and œdematous (not red). The urine was repeatedly examined and was negative. Just before Christmas the face became very much more swollen and the eyes were nearly closed. The erythema became much more intense. On Christmas-day the backs of both hands over the middle metacarpal regions were very puffy and œdematous (not reddened). There had been no itching or burning of the face or hands. She had one attack of pain under the left breast—pleurodynia, the physician thought— quite severe, relieved by three days' rest and local applications. Present Condition. The patient looks remarkably well. Face. There is a marked erythema, with swelling of both cheeks and the nose, and to a less extent over the chin. It had a purplish-red look as she came in from the cold air. After rest in a warm room it became of a brighter red. On the cheeks it extends to within about 11⁄2 cm. of the angle of the mouth, a little more extensive on the left than on the right. The nasolabial fold, the whole of the under lip, and the greater part of the upper lip are uninvolved. The nose is involved, 1 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES. 2 Jacobi Festschrift and British Journal of Dermatology, vol. xii. Tinsley R. Harrison, MD


In their 2013 paper, Cao et. al introduce the diffusion state distance (DSD) metric on graphs for use in the vertex labeling problem on protein-protein interaction networks. We generalize their classification approach, which uses weighted k-nearest neighbors voting, to work with any graph metric. We analyze the performance of this approach on graphs resembling real-world networks using shortest-path distance, DSD, and resistance distance. To this end, we propose novel simulation models to generate labeled scale-free and small-world networks, and perform label prediction experiments on the simulated graphs as well as real-world networks. We conclude that the DSDbased prediction algorithm exhibits more robust community awareness than the ones using the other metrics.


Power plants are the main source of generating electricity. Maintaining the operation at its best possible thermal efficiency under the uncertainties of constantly changing environmental variables at various generating output loads is certainly a challenging task. Efforts and resources have been made to monitor and analyze the performance throughout the year along with periodic maintenance. Conventional analysis and monitoring methods require experts and engineers to closely evaluate rather complex sub-components with an enormous amount of data under the nonlinear nature of the complex systems from multiple measuring perspectives. In this paper, we investigate various machine learning techniques as the estimation tools for the thermal efficiencies of a combined cycle power plant in an effort to aid the monitoring process. The results depict that Random Forest performed best in regression techniques whereas Gradient boosting performed well in ensemble methods.


Coupling of known treatments of solution parabolic and hyperbolic differential equations with experimental methods of mechanics is a way by which acceleration and automation of experiment can be accomplished.


While bacteria were long thought to rely primarily on transcriptional control, it is now well established that they also use numerous small RNAs to regulate mRNA translation and stability. There has recently been a surge in studies, including one by Waters et al ( ) in this issue of The EMBO Journal, that have used clever variations of the RNA‐seq technique to comprehensively map small RNA–target networks.


SUMMARY A field experiment was made with sorghum hybrid CSH-1 during the rainy seasons of 1968 and 1969 on a sandy loam soil to study the influence of amounts and sources of phosphate fertilizer on phosphorus nutrition. Concentration of P in the crop and uptake increased with increasing amounts of phosphate and with increasing proportions of water-soluble P in triple superphosphate-dicalcium phosphate and triple superphosphate-rock phosphate mixtures. Relative effectiveness values were calculated from P uptake at harvest by a multiple regression method. For triple superphosphate, nitrophosphate (30% water soluble P), dicalcium phosphate and rock phosphate (from Jordan) the values were respectively, 100, 74, 61 and 22.


[Objective]To further strengthen the teaching effect of Pharmaceutical Botany,improve the practical teaching system of Pharmaceutical Botany,make a preliminary statistic of types of medicinal plants in campus,areas of medicine use and effect of medicines. [Method]It organized students to set up sci-tech survey groups,to search field survey and related literature of medicinal plants in campus of Anhui Agricultural University. [Results]There is a total of 258 species of medicinal plants,belonging to 92 families in campus of Anhui Agricultural University,of which 240 species of angiosperms and 14 species of gymnosperms,2 kinds of bryophytes,and 2 kinds of ferns. [Conclusions]The establishment of medicinal plant list in campus is helpful for cultivating experience of students in field survey and ability of individual scientific research,and it is expected to provide certain reference for teaching and scientific research of Botany and related disciplines and reasonable planning of plants in campus.


The benefits of discharge planning have been well-documented. However, there is little description of how nurse educators prepare students for this role. This article describes a model for providing a discharge planning clinical experience to nursing students at the same time as their acute care experience. The benefits, problems, and solutions of the experience are discussed.


We investigate the extent to which tests of financial asset pricing models may be biased by using properties of the data to construct the test statistics. Specifically, we focus on tests using returns to portfolios of common stock where portfolios are constructed by sorting on some empirically motivated characteristic of the securities such as market value of equity. We present both analytical calculations and Monte Carlo simulations that show the effects of this type of data-snooping to be substantial. Even when the sorting characteristic is only marginally correlated with individual security statistics, 5 percent tests based on sorted portfolio returns may reject with probability one under the null hypothesis. This bias is shown to worsen as the number of securities increases given a fixed number of portfolios, and as the number of portfolios decreases given a fixed number of securities. We provide an empirical example that illustrates the practical relevance of these biases.


This paper proposes a market-based approach relying on a combination of selection criteria and antitrust methodology to determine the scope of economic regulation and its balance with competition law. It suggests a clarified three criteria test related to the presence of high non-transitory and non-strategic entry barriers that are mainly of an economic nature, the absence of dynamic competition behind those barriers and a cross-checking criterion related to the insufficiency of antitrust remedies to solve the identified problems. The paper recalls the importance of using use antitrust methodology adapted to the characteristics of the sector and also suggests some clarification of the regulation of emerging markets. This article draws a distinction between retail services and the underlying wholesale infrastructures, and proposes that all wholesale access products used for the provision of similar retail services should be dealt with in the same way, independently of the infrastructures in question (the old copper pair or an upgraded VSDL network). The paper concludes that only wholesale access products used to provide new retail services should possibly escape regulation.


: The present work addresses the validation of the implementation of the Menter, Langtry et al. γ − θ corrrelation based transition model [1, 2, 3] in the EllipSys2D code. Firstly the 2. order of accuracy of the code is verified using a grid refinement study for laminar, turbulent and transitional computations. Based on this, an estimate of the error in the computations is determined to be approximately one percent in the attached region. Following the verification of the implemented model, the model is applied to four airfoils, NACA64-018, NACA64-218, NACA64-418 and NACA64-618 and the results are compared to measurements [4] and computations using the Xfoil code by Drela et al. [5]. In the linear pre stall region good agreement is observed both for lift and drag, while differences to both measurements and Xfoil computations are observed in stalled conditions.


will be at different levels of operation, and it includes a study of the resultant effect upon profit due to this changing relationship between volume and cost." It is meant to supplant fixed budgeting. This tool is applied in Part 1: to Planning Capital Expenditures, a chapter consisting of one paragraph of discussion and a "case"; to a chapter on Make-or-Buy Problems with two textual paragraphs (one transitional) and a "case"; to Keeping or Dropping an "Unprofitable" Product-three paragraphs and two "cases"; in Pricing Decisions, having two "cases" and some commentary; and to Cost Control, a reprise chapter containing another "case". That chapter, by the way, contains the statement, "This system (volume-cost analysis) is more commonly known as variable budgeting or flexible budgeting, a term which will be used hereafter in this book to mean volume-cost analysis for cost-control purposes." Part 2 is entitled "Making Your Improved Budgeting System Work." This, too, relies primarily on case materials although the commentary is somewhat more extensive. The book ends with three cases called appendices. This is not an easy book to assess. The objective of selecting topics "on the basis of their educational value for management" does not seem fulfilled. Textual materials, if pruned of repetitious statements, hardly flesh out an article; and this material is not well presented. The cases are likely to bore the executive and be superfluous, or excessive, for the specialist. Sometimes one feels that this is a compendium of MBA (Stanford) and DCS (Harvard) case studies, although most if not all apparently are from accounting and management consulting experience. "A unique feature of this book," says the author, "is that it contains a number of actual cases covering a variety of situations." The uniqueness is in doubt. The author is not overly modest: "the author's formula, table, and charts ... are now made available to the public for the first time." There is no bibliography or index, and no reference to any other person (merely footnotes of Tse on Tse). Accountants, economists, researchers, and consultants may wonder that flexible budgeting and its auxiliary techniques is purported to be so new.


A compression wave is attenuated or distorted as it propagates in a tube. The present study investigated the propagation characteristics of the compression waves which are generated by a train in a high-speed railway tunnel. A Total Variation Diminishing (TVD) difference scheme was applied to one-dimensional, unsteady viscous compressible flow. The numerical calculation involved the effects of wall friction, heat transfer and energy loss due to the friction heat in the boundary layer behind the propagating compression wave, and compared with the measurement results of a shock tube and a real tunnel. The present results show that attenuation of the compression wave in turbulent boundary layer is stronger than in laminar boundary layer, but nonlinear effect of the compression wave is greater in the laminar boundary layer. The energy loss due to the frictional heat had not influence on attenuation and distortion of the propagating compression waves.


Idiopathic arterial calcification of infancy (IACI) is a rare disorder, characterized by extensive arterial calcification of large and medium sized arteries. We present two cases of IACI in siblings including the prenatal, postnatal and postmortem imaging, which is a hallmark of this disease.


To optimize the in vivo and carcass evaluation the following variables were studied: effect of Sex, origin/lot, breed, evaluaters and relationship among animal characteristics and carcass. Ninety eight (98) lambs were used, originating from seven lots and five breeds, commercialized under the denomination of "Cordeiro Herval Premium" quality sheep meat, slaughtered in BonSul slaughterhouse, Pelotas, RS, under supervision of the Regulator Council of such protected quality trade mark. After slaughter, corporal condition was evaluated by two trained technicians and visual conformation by one of the technicians; animal weight and body length were also recorded and respective corporal compacity calculated. After slaughter carcass were weihed and evaluated for fattening status. From corporal weight, after 24 h water diet, carcass yield was determined (RAF -–slaughter yiel at slaughterhouse). Results showed that the factors Sex, origin/lot and genotype affected in vivo and carcass evaluation. However, there was a difference betwenn evaluaters for corporal condition, two of them finding significance and the other two not finding it. It was observed that corporal condition is a good estimator for carcass fattening status (correlation coefficient = 0.43) as well as animal corporal conditon is a good estimator of carcass weight (correlatio coefficient= 0.86). Relationship between in vivo evaluation of corporal condition, and of carcass fattening status can be improved by controlling the factors sex, origin/lot and genotype, thus contributing to the standardization of a quality product in a productive chain.


The invention relates to remote control over a slurry circulation system and a high-pressure pipe joint valve set of petroleum drilling rig equipment. A slurry distribution remote controller is composed of a slurry distribution remote controller body, a drill floor and ground gas circuit operation component and a display circuit, an operator (driller) can stand on a drill floor or in a control chamber to carry out operation safely and reliably, the flowing direction, opening, closing and pressure relief of slurry large and small circulations are controlled according to the requirements of the work process of well drilling to replace a pipe joint valve set in existing drilling rig circulation system equipment, display indications are provided, so that the operator is clear about the operation, any operation will not cause pump chocking accidents, and operation is carried out independently through the drill floor and the ground.


Non-minimum phase systems pose a challenge in the design of MRAC. While some methods that can handle non-minimum phase systems are available in the literature, it is not always easy to guarantee tracking performance with these methods. This paper offers a partial solution to this problem. The method of generating an augmented plant by adding some dynamics in parallel to the original plant is used to make the adaptation scheme see a minimum phase system. The drawback of this method is that the error between original plant and original reference model does not asymptotically converge to zero, and even analysis of this error is not available in the literature. This paper offers a way to find an upper bound on the tracking error and design an alternative reference model to minimize the error. The application of the new reference model leads to improved tracking performance with respect to the original reference model. The alternative reference model is designed by iteratively solving linear matrix inequalities. Performance guarantees are given in terms of an £2-gain bound from the reference to the tracking error, and this £2-gain bound is minimized when the matrix inequalities are solved. An aerospace example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of our approach.


This research aims at finding the linguistic culture similarities and differences between Japanese and Vietnamese in back-channeling expression using in Japanese-Vietnamese communication. The data collected from 12 conversations in pairs between a Japanese native speaker and a Vietnamese were analyzed by groups of aizuchi's types, functions and by relationship closureness between the conversation partners. The results show that both Japanese and Vietnamese use back-channeling words and short phrases the most often, but "Repetition" is used more often by Vietnamese while "Expression in a different way" is used more often by Japanese. Concerning the functions of backchannels, both Japanese and Vietnamese use backchannels as "Signal of listening" the most often, but Vietnamese use aizuchi with this function more often than Japanese, while Japanese use other functions more often than Vietnamese, except "Signal of disagreement" with no significant difference. On the other hand, the research shows that Japanese use backchannels more often despite the distance between conversation partners.


Magnetic domain walls function as a wave guide for low energy magnons. In this paper we develop the theory for the non-local transport of these bound magnons through a ferromagnetic insulator that are injected and detected electrically in adjacent normal metal leads by spin-flip scatting processes and the (inverse) spin-Hall effect. Our set-up requires a twofold degeneracy of the magnetic ground state, which we realize by an easy axis and hard axis anisotropy, in the ferromagnetic insulator. This is readily provided by a broad range of materials. The domain wall is a a topologically protected feature of the system and we obtain the non-local spin transport through it. Thereby we provide a framework for reconfigureable magnonic devices.


Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of ganglioside in the treatment of peripheral nerve injury after spinal anesthesia.Method 75 in-patient orthopedic patients with neurological symptoms were enrolled and randomly divided into Group A,treated with ganglioside,Group B,treated with mecobalamine,and Group C,treated with normal sodium.Pain,numbness and paresthesia score 6h,12h,48h and 72h after operation were observed.Results Pain and numbness score of Group A became less than that of the other two groups 12h after operation(P0.05 or 0.01),and the score of Group B became less than that of Group C 72h after operation(P0.01).Paresthesia score of Group A became less than that of Group B 24h after operation,and became less that that of Group C 48h after operation(P0.05 or 0.01),and the score of Group B became less than that of Group C 72h after operation(P0.01).There was no significant difference in MAP,HR and SpO2 values of four time points among three groups(P0.05).Conclusion Gangliosides is effective in promoting spinal anesthesia caused by the recovery of peripheral nerve injury,better than the use of methylcobalamin only.


In order to identify some causal relations among various urinary indices of cadmium-induced renal dysfunction, such as glucose, total protein, amino nitrogen, β2-microglobulin (β2-m), metallothionein (MT), and cadmium (Cd), we applied path analysis method to previous epidemiological studies targeting the residents of the Cd-polluted Kakehashi River basin of Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. We obtained a diagram-termed path model, representing some causal relations among the above urinary indices. It shows that urinary Cd is located at the beginning point in the diagram, and Cd-induced renal dysfunction develops in the following order: Cd exposure → increase of β2-m and/or MT excretion → increase of amino-N and/or total protein excretion → increase of glucose excretion. It was proved mathematically, that in the case of both males and females, increased excretions of β2-m and/or MT were the most sensitive urinary indices of the early stage of chronic Cd-induced renal dysfunction.


OBJECTIVE To explore the difference of pull force of the incision as it was influenced by surgical instruments contaminating residue of glutaraldehyde in different concentrations. METHODS Twenty five rabbits were operated by the instruments with different degree of glutaraldehyde contamination (groups A to D) or with aseptic distilled water as a control (group O). After 96 hours the incision was taken out sutures and pulled apart in vivo. RESULTS The pull force of the incision accepted in 5 rabbit groups on average was: A: 109g, B:162g, C:232g, D:449g, and O:538g, respectively. Among the 5 groups, F=17.97, P0.01, the difference was very significant. Among every group, F=1.20, P0.05, there was no significant difference. The 5 groups were compared with each other. The groups O and D in comparison separately with groups A,B and C had very significant difference, P0.01. The rest groups were compared with each other had no significant difference, P0.05. CONCLUSIONS The surgical instruments contaminating residue of 2% glutaraldehyde after washing 1 to 2 times by 500ml aseptic distilled water can′t meet the need of clinic. Those after 3 times washing could equal the blank controls.


Probabilistic forecasting of PV generation is crucial in uncertainty management to reinforce PV‐integrated power systems for long‐term planning. In this context, developing a reliable probabilistic forecast model is challenging due to weather conditions' stochastic nature and varying daily PV production patterns at multiple time instants. Due to varying probability distribution patterns, a nonparametric approach, such as quantile regression, is challenging to approximate the forecast error distribution. A forecast combination concept that yields impressive probabilistic forecasting results has rarely been utilized for PV generation forecasting. The use of complementary and sensible point forecasters characterizing different aspects of intricate PV production patterns in a k‐nearest neighbor quantile regression averaging framework is the proposed probabilistic forecasting model. The proposed forecasting model's accuracy is assessed with real‐world PV generation data from the USA for multi‐time instants. The probabilistic forecast performance of the proposed quantile k‐nearest neighbors regression averaging model is evaluated against the traditional quantile regression averaging, quantile regression forests, quantile k‐nearest neighbors, basic quantile regression, and regression bootstrapping in terms of the forecast (quantiles and prediction intervals) accuracy, using relevant error measures and scores. The proposed model has superior performance compared to the other models, as indicated by the lowest forecast errors and scores.


The Structural Genomics Initiative was an effort by consortiums to solve as many unique protein structures as possible; the Protein Data Bank contains a number of enzymes whose structures have been solved, but for which no enzymatic activity has been determined. The Enzyme Function Initiative is an effort to determine as many unique enzyme functions as possible. There are a number of putative NUDIX Hydrolase superfamily members whose structures have been solved, but for which no enzymatic activity has been determined. We have catalogued the structurally‐determined enzymes within the NUDIX Hydrolase superfamily using BLAST, Dali, SCOP, and PDB. We then began to characterize these enzymes in the biochemistry teaching laboratory and are finishing their characterization in the research lab. In the biochemistry lab course, the students have expressed his‐tagged Nudix Hydrolases (PDB entries 2AZW, 2PQV, 3QSJ, and 3R03) from plasmids obtained from DNASU, purified the enzymes using nickel affinity chromatography, and then did enzyme assays to determine the substrates. From the assays, the students discovered Nudix Hydrolase activities for these enzymes, which we have finished characterizing in the research lab.


AbstractMaintaining an adequate safety level in concrete bridges under gradual degradation due to traffic and environmental actions is not only an expensive task, but also filled with some level of uncertainty. Degradation in itself is not easily quantifiable because numerous aspects reduce the load-bearing capacity of a concrete bridge. Furthermore, the effects of preventive maintenance and rehabilitation actions are difficult to predict. Chloride ion ingress is an important aspect of durability design and maintenance, especially in regions where winter salt is commonly applied for traffic safety. This paper introduces a feasible approach to analyze the effects of chloride-induced deterioration on the overall safety level, which is validated by the application to a real highway bridge, which was demolished after 38 years of service. Concrete samples were extracted from this bridge and chemical analyses were performed to determine the chloride concentration profile in the concrete. Once the present chlori...


The article describes certain types of digital technologies used by the "TOTAL" company in various sectors of the oil industry of Côte d'Ivoire. It is noted that digital technologies in the oil and gas industry of Côte d'Ivoire are used mainly for prospecting and exploration of oil and gas fields, in the processes associated with oil production and transportation. Attention is drawn to the fact that these technologies help facilitate and accelerate the discovery of new oil and gas deposits, improve the maintenance of oil equipment and establish operational personnel management, provide better protection for specialists in oil fields and increase oil production, as well as reduce investment costs. Recommendations are given on the need for continuous improvement and implementation of innovations, which will allow oil companies to remain competitive. Prospects for the further use of digital technologies are outlined.


nine Kannada speakers who provided him with ' many examples' and acted as ' mothertongue consultants ' (p. xxii). Because Sehiffman's work is, as is announced by its title, a reference grammar, the author was primarily interested, as he himself puts it, ' in assembling the facts of the language, rather than becoming involved in debates about linguistic theory ' (p. xviii). In my view he did well to do so. The grammar is subdivided into four main chapters: 'Phonology' (pp. 3-21); 'The noun phrase ' (pp. 22-50); ' The verb phrase ' (pp. 51-93); and, lastly, a welcome chapter on ' Syntax ' (pp. 94-148). Each chapter and paragraph is clearly arranged and treated concisely and carefully ; hardly a question is left open. The book is rounded off by an informative introductory preface (pp. xviixxii), an extensive and valuable bibliography (pp. 155-60) and a useful, detailed subjectindex (p. 161-77). The critical remarks I put forward below are chiefly of a general kind. But first, a very basic note: (1) Since the acknowledgements at the end of the book's preface (pp. xxi f.) give the impression that the book was a joint venture, the reader would expect Schiffman to figure as coauthor or editor, rather than sole author of the book (cf. also p. 21, sub 1.3.10.). (2) I would then level a criticism at the transcription system used by Schiffman which, although originally and expressly employed by authors of language (crash) courses, practical language guides and language selfteaching materials, is, strangely enough, coming increasingly into vogue among the younger generation of linguistically oriented (American and Indian) Indologists. This awkward-looking new transcription system has a rather deterrent effect on Indologists accustomed to the traditional method of transcription which, incidentally, Schiffman characterizes as an ' alternative ' transcription ' used by some other authors ' (p. 8). Examples like the following certainly do not convince one that the new method should be given preference over the conventional one : ii SarTin baNNa biLi versus i sartin bartna bill ' this shirt's color is white ' (p. 45); naan uurg hoog-beekuu-nt-ide versus nan urg hog-bcku-nt-ide ' I intend to go to the town ' (p. 119); naan baroo aSTroLge magu galiij maaDbiTTittu versus nan bard astrolge magu galij madbittittu ' the child had made a mess before I could get back ' (p. 147). (3) If Schiffman had, in each case, added in brackets the literary Kannada forms of words and sentences, the value of the grammar could have been increased considerably. This would not have cost much effort, and would have increased his circle of readers and users. (4) Under paragraph 2.1. (pp. 22 f.), Schiffman lists the words sevaka(nu) and sevaki, sevakaLu for ' male servant' and ' maidservant ', respectively. I am informed by my colleague, Pandit Dr. K. P. Aithal, that these words are not used in colloquial speech; instead, the words kel(a)s(a)dava(nu) (m.) and kel(a)s(a)davalu (f.) are in common use. (5) The wording of paragraph 2.4.3. (p. 36) is unfortunate and misleading : ' Postpositions derived from transitive verbs follow nouns in the accusative case.' In fact, there is no postposition in Kannada which is ' derived from a transitive verb '. There are, however, adverbial participles which may, sometimes, be translated in the sense of postpositions. But this hardly applies to the two adverbial participles listed by Schiffman as ' postpositions ' : nooDi ' toward, in the direction of' (from nodu ' to look, see ') and seersi ' together ' (is this a postposition ?), (from serisu ' to join, put together '). Thus the two examples given by Schiffman, avrn nooDi hoode ' I went toward him ' and adn seersi koTTe ' I gave it (all) together', convey the meanings ' having seen him I went [toward him] ' and ' having put [all] together I gave [it]' rather than those given by Schiffman. Despite these shortcomings, which are not liable to impair its general value, the book under review is on the whole a quite useful and attractive publication which will be welcomed among experts as one more contribution to our increasing knowledge of modern spoken Kannada.


The Department of Health (DH) wants nurses to be more grateful for being NHS employees and plans to spell this out in annual letters telling us how well rewarded we are (news January 5).


Given its societal impacts and applications to numerous fields, machine learning (ML) is an important topic to understand for many students outside of computer science and statistics. However, machine-learning education research is nascent, and research on this subject for non-majors thus far has only focused on curricula and courseware. We interviewed 10 instructors of ML courses for non-majors, inquiring as to what their students find both easy and difficult about machine learning. While ML has a reputation for having algorithms that are difficult to understand, in practice our participating instructors reported that it was not the algorithms that were difficult to teach, but the higher-level design decisions. We found that the learning goals that participants described as hard to teach were consistent with higher levels of the Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes (SOLO) taxonomy, such as making design decisions and comparing/contrasting models. We also found that the learning goals that were described as easy to teach, such as following the steps of particular algorithms, were consistent with the lower levels of the SOLO taxonomy. Realizing that higher-SOLO learning goals are more difficult to teach is useful for informing course design, public outreach, and the design of educational tools for teaching ML.


devastating problems such norms have created for women. It would be a shame if feminist inquiry closed doors to an understanding of the rhetorical and emotional struggles confronted by either men or women engaged in literary activity within the context of cultural and linguistic institutions which have often tyrannically defined the limits of expression. In its stance of resistance to what Ian Watt has called the "de-


We synthesized nitrogen (N)-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) using a top-down hydrothermal cutting approach. The concentration of N dopants was readily controlled by adjusting the concentration...


Partner selection is the key point to build port supply chain.In this paper,a new partner selecting method combined with analytic hierarchy process(AHP) and data envelopment analysis(DEA) is put forward.This new method owns both the advantages of AHP and DEA.Illustrations prove the effectiveness of the method,and the solutions are appropriate to alternatives for the decision-makers.It is shown that the new method is very effective to select the exact partner in the port supply chain,and ensure the running of the port supply chain.


Clay minerals from Tertiary samples of DSDP Sites 280, 281, 282, and 283 were analyzed mainly by X-ray diffraction and cation exchange methods. Site 282, off the Tasmanian west coast, contains a persistent Australian clay mineral assemblage that reflects deep weathering conditions in Tasmania and basic volcanism increasing from Eocene into the Oligocene. Site 280, south of the South Tasman Rise, was probably situated close to Antarctica in the EoceneOligocene and shows a change from temperate source area conditions in the early (?) and middle Eocene, to cold-glacial conditions in the latest Eocene and Oligocene. This is supported by OligoceneMiocene data from cores near Antarctica. It is unlikely that any deep oceanic connection existed between the basins on either side of the South Tasman Rise until probably the late Oligocene when the circum-Antarctic current developed.


Construction noise is one of the main sources of noise pollution in many cities, and degrades the comfort level of living spaces. It was previously reported that a noise barrier with a wide "cross-sectional profile" (e.g., T- or Y-shaped) could enhance the noise attenuation performance, and the jagged edge "longitudinal profile" on the top edge of the noise barrier could generate destructive interference sound fields behind the noise barrier, which could further reduce the noise levels. The present paper attempts to study the noise attenuation performances of jagged edge profiles applied on the edge of a cantilever, which was mounted at the top of a commercial passive noise barrier. In addition to the numerical simulations, the full-sized prototypes were also experimentally tested on a construction site with noise generated by a boring machine. Both numerical simulation and experimental results showed that this barrier with slanted flat-tip jagged cantilever would perform better than the traditional barrier having a Straight edge cantilever of same height, with a maximum additional attenuation of 5.0 dBA obtained experimentally. The barrier with a slanted flat-tip jagged cantilever could also extend the shadow zone behind the barrier to higher levels.


Introduction: Neonatal septicemia is major cause of morbidity and mortality in newborns, which requires early diagnosis and prompt treatment to reduce case fatality rate with help of various hematological parameters, till results of blood culture become available. Aims: The present study was undertaken to analyse the efficacy of various hematological parameters in comparison with blood culture in neonates presented with septicemia. Methods and Material: Blood samples were received in central diagnostic laboratory, Shree Krishna Hospital, Karamsad and processed in respective sectional laboratory. Efficacy of all the parameters were assessed by measuring sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV. Results: Out of 100 cases, culture positivity was seen in 76% of cases with male preponderance (59%). Toxic granulation (TG) was the most sensitive test (86.84%). The most specific test was TLC (91.66%). Conclusions: The hematologic parameters are simple and cost effective tests, reports of which are obtained within few hours which helps in early initiation of treatment.


The antibacterial effect of antimicrobial substances can be increased, surprisingly, by the use of silver ions. Corresponding advantageous agents are in particular oral and dental care and cleaning and which - contain from 0.1 to 100 ppm of silver ions and 0.001 wt .-% of at least 5 bis an antibacterial compound - based on its weight.


Resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) to anthelmintics and a need for nonchemical control of GIN necessitates investigation of alternative control methods. This study examined the efficacy of garlic juice (99.5 percent pure) (G), copper oxide wire particles (COWP), levamisole (L), moxidectin (M), a combination treatment of COWP and G (CG), and no treatment (C) for GIN control in lactating Boer x Kiko does. Treatments were administered at d 0 and the G treatment was repeated every 7 d throughout the 28 d study. Mixed-model procedures for repeated measures were used to evaluate the effect of treatment and date of sampling on fecal-egg counts (FEC), and percentpacked-cell volume (PCV). Larval cultures from fecal samples at d 0 contained H. contortus, but Telodorsagia and Trichostrongylus were the predominant parasites. There was no difference (P > 0.05) in FEC or PCV of does due to GIN-control method. The PCV was greater (P 0.05) at d 0 (756 eggs/g ± 414 eggs/g), d 7 (1349 eggs/g ± 448 eggs/g), and d 14 (1782 eggs/g ± 436 eggs/g). The FEC at d 21 (2259 eggs/g ± 464 eggs/g) was trending (P = 0.08) higher as compared to d 0. The FEC at d 28 (3935 eggs/g ± 449 eggs/g) was greater (P < 0.05) than FEC at all other sampling d. Trichostrongylus and Telodorsagia were the primary GIN species and not H. contortus as is often assumed at the research and farm level. These data support determining which GIN species are present in a goat herd at various times of the year and applying an internal-parasite-management protocol accordingly. Treatments used in this study were not effective in controlling any of the GIN species present.


In general, there are two approaches to competitive decision-making — the art and the science. The 'art' school can be represented by Sun Tzu's Art of War, while game theory probably best represents the 'scientific' school of thought. Researchers who follow either of these approaches tend to ignore the other. This paper shows that the two approaches should not be viewed as mutually exclusive. Instead, they can be used to complement each other so as to provide a more complete analysis of a given strategic scenario. By applying both Sun Tzu's principles of war and game theory to analyse a marketing problem, both approaches of strategic thinking are shown to be consistent with each other. This is possible by drawing on the strengths of both approaches so that precision and realism are attained.


Abstract Curved steel–concrete composite box beams are widely used in urban overpasses and ramp bridges as they are light in weight, have large spanning ability and high torsional rigidity. One-dimensional models are generally used to analyze bridge performance due to their calculation and numerical efficiencies. An incremental step-by-step method based on the Kelvin rheological model together with a discrete algorithm in finite element space is adopted in this study to analyze the mechanical behavior of curved composite box beams. A model with a beam finite element with 26 degrees of freedom (DOFs) is proposed for curved composite box beams that considers the constrained torsion, distortion, shear lag, biaxial slip at the interface and time-dependent effects. Furthermore, the experimental results of the long-term loading tests of three curved composite box beams are selected to validate the proposed beam element model. Finally, the proposed model is applied to analyze the long-term behavior of a curved composite box beam that is used in real engineering applications.


Smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation is central to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.'** Characterization of SMC growth kinetics is essential to an understanding of atherogenesis. In previous studies we documented differences in SMC growth kinetics in aging animals resulting in accelerated proliferative response and vascular narrowing following endothelial injury in V ~ V O . ~ These studies suggest that atherosclerotic vascular disease is more common in the elderly because of cellular changes occurring in the aging process that alter the responsiveness of the arterial wall to injury. Recent reports have documented increased numbers of tetraploid SMC nuclei in hypertensive In these hypertensive animals no associated increase in DNA labeling was noted, suggesting a "resting" state of these cells in a non-rapidly proliferating cell population. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in SMC ploidy in "normal" rats of different ages.


This investigation examined the effect contextual variables had on school board members' information needs for decisionmaking. The contextual variables included: (a) the importance of the decision, (b) the amount of conflict involved, and (c) the content of the evaluated program. A national sample of 237 school board members read simulated evaluation vignettes and indicated their information needs and sources. Importance, conflict, and content were found to be associated with board members' needs for time, information, and consultation, as well as whom they wanted to consult with and what kind of information they needed.


Background: Chromium (Cr) is the most important element used to plate other metals and electroplating factories are still considered to be the most important industries which pollute the environment to this metal. This paper describes a study conducted to determine the efficiency of reverse-osmosis (RO) as a membrane technique for removal of Cr from wastewater samples synthetically prepared to be similar to electroplating effluents. Methods: The RO unit used in this study was a spiral wound module of 2521 TE made by a Korean CSM company. Synthetic wastewater samples containing Cr ions at various concentrations of 1 to 20 mg/L were prepared and subjected to treatment by RO, and quantitative analysis had been accomplished by a colorimetric method. Evaluation of optimized conditions of treatment had also been carried out by determining the effects of changing operating pressure, temperature and pH S of samples. Results: Optimum conditions of Cr-treatment by RO in 10 g/L initial Cr concentration were determined to be in the pH range of 6 to 7 and in temperature of about 25oC at an applied pressure of 200 psi. Conclusion: Considering the efficiency of Cr removal which was as high as 99% at the optimized conditions it could be concluded that RO membrane process may be selected and developed as an effective alternative for treatment of metal-contaminated effluents of electroplating and similar industries.


Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is highly prevalent around the globe. An estimated 3.6% of the world's population (or 248 million persons) are positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) [1], and HBV causes significant morbidity and mortality. In 2013, approximately 686 000 HBV-infected persons died from causes related to acute infection (69 000 deaths), cirrhosis (317 000 deaths), and HBV-associated liver cancer (300 000 deaths) [2]. The age of acquisition of HBV infection is the main determining factor in the clinical expression of acute disease and the development of chronic infection. Genetic characteristics of HBV might also contribute to the outcome of infection [3, 4]. Safe and effective hepatitis B vaccines have been commercially available since 1982, and, over the years, recombinant DNA vaccines have replaced plasmaderived vaccines. Gaps in hepatitis B vaccination policy were first addressed in 1992, when the World Health Organization called for all countries to incorporate hepatitis B vaccination into their national childhood immunization services. In the following decade, hepatitis B vaccination coverage grew rapidly, and by the end of 2014, 184 countries had integrated hepatitis B vaccine into their national childhood immunization systems, and the global coverage with 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccines was estimated at 82% [5]. Elimination of HBV transmission is an achievable public health goal, particularly in light of the proven effectiveness and safety of hepatitis B vaccine. In general, studies conducted in areas with high HBV endemicity have demonstrated declines in the prevalence of chronic HBV among children to <2% after routine infant immunization [6]. After several decades of hepatitis B vaccination, the duration of protection is still unknown, and the question whether a booster dose is ever needed continues to challenge us. In fact, the hepatitis B vaccine was the first vaccine for which long-term protection was rigorously studied; this was perhaps because of the originally higher cost compared with other infant vaccines or—at least in industrialized countries—owing to the implementation at a younger age although risk exposure would start in adolescence or adulthood. Today, equal attention is given to long-term protection induced by other vaccines, not the least for HPV vaccines. An antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) concentration of ≥10 mIU/mL measured 1–3 months after administration of the last dose of the initial vaccination series is considered a reliable marker of protection against infection [7]. After primary hepatitis B immunization, anti-HBs concentrations decline rapidly within the first year and more slowly thereafter: among children who respond to a primary 3-dose vaccination series with anti-HBs concentrations of ≥10 mIU/mL, 15%–50% have low or undetectable concentrations of anti-HBs 5– 15 years after vaccination; among adult vaccinees, anti-HBs concentrations decline to <10 mIU/mL in 7%–50% within 5 years after vaccination and in 30%–60% within 9–11 years [8]. The persistence of anti-HBs over time is correlated with the peak level of anti-HBs immediately achieved after primary immunization [9]. In other words, the higher the vaccine-induced anti-HBs concentration after the primary vaccination course, the longer the antibodies will persist. The issue of duration of protection can be addressed, as documented in by Bruce et al [10] in this issue of The Journal of Infectious Diseases, by long-term followup studies of immunized cohorts who continue to be exposed to HBV and by exploring anamnestic responses to HBsAg through challenge. Several observational studies have shown that a primary hepatitis B vaccination series can prevent infection for >20 years, despite decrease or loss of vaccine-induced anti-HBs over time [11–16]. Bruce et al [10]present for the first time results of a 30-year follow-up study and response to a booster dose in an Alaskan Native population. It is the longest cohort study on extended protection after hepatitis B vaccination to date. Their unique data add a new piece of evidence to the puzzle of longterm immunity: no significant breakthrough infections were diagnosed in the vaccinees during the 30-year period, and 51% (125 of 243) still had anti-HBs levels ≥10 mIU/mL 30 years after initial vaccine administration [10]. Initial antiHBs level and age at vaccination seemed Received and accepted 10 December 2015; published online 21 January 2016. Correspondence: P. V. Damme, Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, Antwerp University, Belgium (email@example.com). The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2016;214:1–3 © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail email@example.com. DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv750


In the context of a continuously changing educational environment the problem of development of its content and sets of criteria for diagnostic procedures in the framework of a students' performance assessment system shall never lose its relevance. In particular, an assessment system to determine the level of proficiency in professionally oriented foreign language communication in future bachelors in humanities has been considered within the modern pedagogic methodology that suggests synergy of various scientific knowledge. The aim of the article is to consider and describe some aspects of assessment procedures development as an effective means to estimate the level of future bachelors' capacity for professionally oriented communication in a foreign language through perception and production of discourses which are common for various professional communities. Methodology and research methods. The review of the information resources leads us to the conclusion that presentation strategies in the media (TV, periodicals, the Internet, etc.) and within information exchanges between representatives of professional communities tend to the English language model of verbal interaction that is linear, has a pronounced structure and strict logics as well as a characteristic of a complete locution. The latest achievements in the applied linguistics make it possible to state that communication is based on the ability of locutors to interpret and produce discourses. Such approach to understanding of the discursive nature of communication resulted into a universal system of diagnostic procedures to provide in the traditional five-point rating scale assessment a certain level of validity and acceptability when formation of discursive foreign language competence as a descriptor of the level of proficiency of future bachelors in professionally oriented communication in a foreign language is concerned. Results and scientific novelty. Based on synergy of data from different sciences the algorithm of the diagnostic and assessment procedures in question makes it possible to obtain valid figures. The algorithm has been tested in the course of experimental work and proved its efficiency. Practical significance. The set of criteria for diagnostic procedures is found to have a high flexibility and assumed to integrate additional assessment means.


In the lithium-ion batteries for an electric-drive vehicle, the cell balancing is required to enhance life time of batteries and to guarantee safety. In the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) system, batteries of electric-drive vehicle are more frequently charged or discharged, which increases probability of cell imbalance. Therefore, battery management system (BMS) with efficient cell balancing operation is necessary. To achieve efficient management of lithium-ion batteries with high capacity for the V2G system, this paper proposes a modularized BMS structure with an active cell balancing circuit. The proposed BMS shares a multifunctional switching block for cell voltage monitoring and cell balancing. By sharing monitoring and balancing operation, a cost-effective BMS with small size can be achieved. In this paper, the structure and operational principles of the proposed BMS are presented. To confirm the validity of the proposed scheme, a prototype of 20 lithium-ion batteries with 25Ah is designed and implemented. Cell balancing performance is also verified by an experiment.


The invention discloses an electronic entrance guard device used for an equipment cabinet, in particular to an electronic entrance guard device of the equipment cabinet of a computer server. The electronic entrance guard device comprises a magnetic force lock and a monitoring system, wherein the magnetic force lock is arranged on the front door and/or the back door of the equipment cabinet; a hydraulic arm is arranged in the equipment cabinet; and the moving end of the hydraulic arm is arranged on the front door and/or the back door of the equipment cabinet. The monitoring system comprises a temperature measuring unit, a communication unit, a storage unit, a warning unit, an operation display unit and a control system. The invention completely breaks through the traditional locking modes of mechanical locks so that electronization, remoting and automation are realized on the entrance guard management and monitoring of the equipment cabinet, thereby effectively improving the entrance guard safety and usability of the equipment cabinet; the electronic entrance guard device comprises the magnetic force lock, the hydraulic arm and the monitoring system, and state monitoring and automatic control are realized on the entrance guard device by a central control system. The invention is the electronic entrance guard device capable of being suitable for various equipment cabinets.


The magnetoelastic behaviour of antiferromagnetic substances possessing a helical spin system has been investigated. It is shown that all magnetoelastic phenomena arise from two distinct effects, termed the anisotropy and exchange magnetostrictions. Equations governing the magnetostriction of single and polycrystals as a function of external field strength have been obtained. The behaviour of a helical spin system in the presence of an axial tension leads to a stress dependence of the ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic transition temperature. It also leads to the ΔE effect. Recent measurements of the crystal distortion and magnetostriction in dysprosium crystals are analysed and it is shown that at low temperatures both measurements yield the same information. An estimate of the twofold and sixfold magnetostriction constants in the basal plane of dysprosium has been evaluated at 20 °K. The experimental magnetostriction-field data for dysprosium at 144 °K are in good agreement with the predicted behaviour, and the characteristic feature of the magnetostriction of a helical spin system, namely the appearance of a strain along the c axis when a field is applied wholly within the basal plane, is correctly anticipated. The behaviour of holmium is similar, but is complicated by the large hexagonal anisotropy.


Background: Dimeric lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 LOX-1 is the target receptor for oxidized low density lipoprotein in endothelial cells. In vivo assays revealed that in LOX-1 the basic spine arginine residues are important for binding, which is lost upon mutation of Trp150 with alanine. Molecular dynamics simulations of the wild-type LOX-1 and of the Trp150Ala mutant C-type lectin-like domains, have been carried out to gain insight into the severe inactivating effect.


ABT-199, a platelet-sparing pro-apoptotic BH3 mimetic shows promise in the treatment of B-cell malignancy such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Given the central role of BCL2 expression in follicular lymphoma (FL), we studied the effects of ABT-199 on proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and signaling pathways in the t(14;18)+ FL cell lines WSU-FSCCL and FC-TxFL2 and in primary FL cells. We also developed an ABT-199-resistant FC-TxFL2 cell line by continuous treatment with ABT-199. The growth of tested cell lines and primary FL cells was significantly inhibited with nanomolar concentrations of ABT-199. FC-TxFL2 cells (IC50 = 7 nM) were more sensitive to ABT-199 treatment than WSU-FSCCL cells (IC50 = 110 nM). The increased sensitivity was associated with higher levels of BIM pro-apoptotic protein. ABT-199 induced rapid phosphorylation of JNK kinase and substantial decrease of mitochondrial potential in FC-TxFL2 cells. Inhibition of JNK activation further augmented the apoptosis induced with ABT-199. All other tested anti-apoptotic (such as BCL-2, BCL-xL, MCL-1) and pro-apoptotic proteins (such as Bax, Puma, Bak, Bad, Noxa, Bid, Bok) were similarly expressed in both cell lines and did not change upon ABT-199 treatment. Surprisingly, cleavage of Bid was observed, which points also to activation of extrinsic apoptotic pathway. In cells with acquired resistance after continuous ABT-199 exposure, we identified increased levels of MCL-1, and elevated phosphorylation of BCL-2 on T56 and of AKT on S473, but also evidence for increased autophagy, as assessed by LC3BI/II expression, compared to parental cells. These cells remained resistant several weeks after omitting ABT-199 from culture medium. In a FL murine xenograft model, ABT-199 showed anti-tumor activity. Treatment significantly decreased tumors volumes compared to untreated mice. Subsequently isolated xenograft FC-TxFL2 cells previously exposed to ABT-199 showed increased resistance to ABT-199. However, unlike in vitro exposed cells, the resistance quickly diminished after cultivation without ABT-199. Next, the ability to overcome ABT-199 resistance with epigenetic modifiers such as decitabine and vorinostat was tested. A strong synergistic effect in potentiation of apoptosis with these therapeutics was observed. Despite the theoretic rationale for BH3 mimetic activity in FL, activity in patients with FL has not been as dramatic as has been observed for CLL. Relatively easily acquired resistance observed in our model may explain this failure. Therefore, combinations that can prevent resistance acquisition should be intensively studied and moved quickly to clinical trials. Disclosures Smith:Abbvie: Research Funding.


Conflicting reports abound in the literature regarding the critical characteristics of statement and question intonations in Mandarin. In this paper, decision trees with three different sets of feature vectors are implemented to determine the most significant elements in an utterance that signify its sentence type (statement vs. question). For 10-syllable utterances, the highest correct classification rate (85%) is achieved when normalized (to remove the effects of speaker, tone, and focus) final F0's of the 7th and the last syllables are included in the tree construction. This performance is close to previously reported human performance (89%) for the same testing set. The results confirm the previous finding that the difference between statement and question intonations in Mandarin is manifested by an increasing departure from a common starting point toward the end of the sentence.


In recent years, Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) optimization algorithm has captured much attention of researchers from various fields. Moreover, various comparative studies clearly reports robust convergence of ABC algorithm than other bio-inspired optimization algorithms. Nevertheless, like other optimization algorithms, ABC suffers from slower convergence and tendency towards local optima trappings. Various amendments have been proposed to avert the flaws of ABC algorithm. Hence, this research work proposes an efficient variant of ABC algorithm. The proposed variant [1] capitalizes on the global-best food-source. In this work, we aim to apply the Enhanced Global-Best ABC-based approach for object detection based on template matching by using the difference between the RGB level histograms corresponding to the target object and the template object as the objective function. Results confirm that the proposed method was successful in both detecting objects and optimizing the time used to reach the solution.


The devastating Fukushima 2011 earthquake and tsunami and their consequent multi-reactor damages in Japan, mainly due to the hydrodynamic effects arisen from the fluid-structure interaction, had a significant impact on the global nuclear energy industry. These events highlighted the need to design the future/existing nuclear installations in order to be able to assure a huge safety level in reference accident configuration and, also, in beyond design conditions. In this framework it is extremely important to analyze the lessons learnt from the Fukushima events and to evaluate the safety margins of the nuclear power plants in particular, under ongoing unexpected severe earthquake, such as a beyond design basis one (BDBE). The aim of this paper deals with the evaluation of the dynamic effects seismically induced by the fluid-structure interaction in an under development Gen IV Liquid Metal Reactor (LMR), specifically with reference to the European reactor configuration. The fluid-structure interaction and sloshing phenomena were numerically analyzed taking into account the non linearities and instabilities due to the influence of material and geometrical parameters. In order to attain the mentioned goal a suitable numerical procedure based on an external coupling between dynamic and structural codes (as MSC.Dytran and MARC) was applied, setting up a detailed 3-D FEM model as well as implementing a specific algorithm capable to analyze the coupling effects between the considered fluid and the structures and the sloshing phenomenon. Numerical results were presented and discussed highlighting the importance of the fluid-structure interaction effects in terms of stress intensity as well as the capacity of internals and vessel walls to withstand wave's impacts.


Power side-channel attacks, capable of deducing secret data using statistical analysis, have become a serious threat. Random masking is a widely used countermeasure for removing the statistical dependence between secret data and side-channel information. Although there are techniques for verifying whether a piece of software code is perfectly masked, they are limited in accuracy and scalability. To bridge this gap, we propose a refinement-based method for verifying masking countermeasures. Our method is more accurate than prior type-inference-based approaches and more scalable than prior model-counting-based approaches using SAT or SMT solvers. Indeed, our method can be viewed as a gradual refinement of a set of type-inference rules for reasoning about distribution types. These rules are kept abstract initially to allow fast deduction and then made concrete when the abstract version is not able to resolve the verification problem. We also propose algorithms for quantifying the amount of side-channel information leakage from a software implementation using the notion of quantitative masking strength. We have implemented our method in a software tool and evaluated it on cryptographic benchmarks including AES and MAC-Keccak. The experimental results show that our method significantly outperforms state-of-the-art techniques in terms of accuracy and scalability.


ABS TRACT Introduction: Transcutaneous ultrasound procedures are viewed as the most effective non-surgical treatment for facial skin rejuvenation, although their mechanisms of action are poorly understood. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the morphological changes induced by ultrasound treatments on skin tissue: epidermis, papillary and reticular dermis, and subcutaneous fat. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of ultrasound treatment for facial skin tightening. Methods: Ex vivo human skin samples were sham-treated or treated with high-frequency ultrasound using MedVisageTM (General Project Ltd.). Different parameters of power output (1.5 and 3.0 W) and frequency modulation (100, 500, 3,000, 3,500 Hz) were compared. Clinical efficacy was evaluated based on a single 5-minute ultrasound treatment (3.0 W, 3,000 Hz) on 4 volunteers. Results: Ultrasound treatment caused significant compaction of collagen and elastic fibers in the reticular dermis, whereas less prominent changes occurred in the papillary dermis. The overall effects varied depending on energy output and modulation frequency. No changes to subcutaneous adipocytes, blood capillaries, epidermal keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts and mast cells were observed. Clinically, ultrasound treatment consistently resulted in a well-tolerated, objective reduction of facial skin wrinkles. Conclusion: High-frequency ultrasound treatment is an effective and safe noninvasive technique for skin-tightening purposes.


From the literature,clinical,laboratory,etc.To explore the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis and precancerous lesions of the research,noting that is still a lack of large sample,multi - center,high -quality randomized controlled clinical trials.


Bill Carey has been a strong and influential mentor to many young and not-so-young acousticians and engineers. He had a profound effect on my career, encouraging me to publish my work and to attend Acoustical Society Meetings. His work in bottom acoustics, noise directionality, and surface effects, in particular, provided significant input to my research. He was also instrumental in nominating me for Fellowship in the Acoustical Society. I am deeply grateful and appreciate having an opportunity to remember him in this session.


The psychological workload a pilot is exposed to during military flying is considered to be high, and good stres tolerance is needed. During military flying a huge amount of environmental information is transformed to neural signals which finally lead to motor and behavioral changes, and also to chemial secretion of neuroendocrin e hormones. This study deal s with neuroendocrin e measurements performed in four procedures : psychomotor test during military pilot selection, instrument flying (IFR) with piston-engine primary trainer, real and simulated jet trainer flight, and simulated combat fighter flight. Neuroendocrin e hormones, hypothalamic CRH, pituitary ACTH, beta-endorphin , prolactin and vasopressin , the adrenal hormones cortisol, adrenaline and noradrenaline and a cardiac hormone, ANP, were assayed from plasma by using immunoassa y and HPLC techniques. In the psychomotor test (procedure 1) plasma prolactin, ACTH and cortisol response s were associate d with a high number of delayed responses , which was used as an indicator of information overload. Anticipatory type ACTH response , i.e. high ACTH level before the test, predicted poor overal result in the psychomotor test. In respons e to IFR flying (procedure II ) the student pilots showed increased plasma prolactin, ACTH, cortisol, adrenaline and noradrenaline levels. Postflight adrenaline respons e correlated significantly with poor flight performance as well as a poor psychomotor test result. Low emotional control and high performance motivation measured by an aviation psychologist correlated significantly with neuroendocrin e response s after the instrument flight. Flight with jet trainer (procedure III ) led to increased plasma prolactin levels, evidently due to psychological workload, but no statisticall y significant plasma prolactin increase was found in the simulator. This suggests that psychological workload in the flight simulator is lower compared to real jet trainer. A significant ANP respons e to jet trainer flight was apparentl y associate d with increased heart rate due to psychological workload of the flight mission. Simulated combat fighter flight (procedure IV) resulted in an anticipator y type stres reaction as judged from the elevated preflight plasma ACTH, and a direct type reaction was obser ved in cortisol. In one pilot the neuroendocrin e activation was extreme and global, suggesting low stres tolerance under high information load. Increased neuroendocrin e activation is associate d with psychological workload of military flying. Neuroendocrin e measurements can be used in a follow-up system of military pilots.


Three observations of patients with algodystrophia of the foot are reported. Biologic disorders suggestive of osteomalacia were found in two patients who recovered after receiving vitamin D. Cushing disease was diagnosed in the remaining patient ; again algodystrophia disappeared after specific therapy was given. The few similar cases published in the medical literature are reviewed. Attention is drawn to their misleading nature. Most published cases occurred with osteomalacia or endocrinic osteopathy. Such conditions should be looked for in all patients with apparently primary algodystrophia of a lower limb.


The interactive teaching and learning system in open universities features in the operative interaction between learners and teachers on the NTP interface,sharing the teaching resources.As the learner-based resources play a decisive role in the interactive learning,this paper is aimed at the designing and construction of the learning resources by integrating the form,contents and medium.


Face masks became a necessity since the outbreak of COVID-19 as a way to avoid the spread, especially in crowded places, and are counted as one of the most effective methods to control the spread. However, some people are frivolous and avoid wearing a face mask. But when we are in public places or places attracting a huge crowd, monitoring such people manually or identifying them through constant surveillance is a hectic task and requires strenuous efforts, which is why real-time face mask detection is in such high demand. The main objective of this paper is to introduce real-time face mask detection techniques, which are based on real-time analysis and detect whether someone is wearing a mask or not. It is quite challenging, as we have used different types of machine learning algorithms for face detection and then for face detection with a mask. It is important to have a good dataset that has less noise and minimum errors in order to train the model and have high accuracy in our results. This is difficult because the dataset must be cleaned, sorted, and data with incorrect labels removed. The Open-CV Python library, Keras, and TensorFlow are used in this paper for better results.


With the rapid and bursting development of communication science and related technique, spread spectrum communication has been a hot research topic in the computer science and engineering community. Therefore, to follow the trend, in this paper, we conduct research on novel spread spectrum communication theory and corresponding anti-jamming applications. Primarily, multi-band spread spectrum communication is analyzed with theoretical analysis and de-composition, compared with conventional spread spectrum system under the condition of the same bandwidth can obtain higher information transmission rate or spread spectrum processing gain, greatly improving the utilization rate of frequency band, and its spectrum is closer to white noise, which has better resistance to intercept and confidentiality of information. We model our method through limit information transmission rate and the output signal-tonoise ratio increased with the increase of bandwidth according to the index law combined with the state-of-the-art techniques. Compared with other approach, our system outperforms and gains the better performance. Keywords-Spread Spectrum Communication; Least Squares Estimator; Anti-jamming Applications; Communication Science; Wireless Network and Sensors


They have been conducted 87 patients who had had osteoarthrosis deformans by the authors.They had been examined their peripheral vessels by reovazografia before and after comprehensive physiotherapy treatment (scipidar bathes, magnetotherapy, massotherapy). All patients were devided into 2 groups depending on the complex composed of physiotherapy treatment. The first group included patients who received the above tip physiotherapy complex treatment on the background to drug therapy, while the second group included patients who received the same physiotherapy complex, but without drug therapy. The first group of patients had 73 % of improvement after complex treatment revealed along with substantial clinical improvement of peripheral hemodynamics, and the second group of patients after complex physiotherapy treatment also revealed marked improvement in peripheral circulation, but less extent.


In the last decade, various mobile applications have been developed to improve and measure spatial abilities using different spatial tests and tasks through augmented reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), or embedded 3D viewers. The Mental Cutting Test (MCT) is one of the most well-known and popular tests for this purpose, but it needs a vast number of tasks (scenarios) for effective practice and measurement. We have recently developed a script-aided method that automatically generates and permutes Mental Cutting Test scenarios and exports them to an appropriate file format (to GLB (glTF 2.0) assets) representing the scenarios. However, the significant number of permutations results in more than 1,000,000 assets, requiring more than 6 GB of storage space. This paper introduces an encoding scheme consisting of four stages to handle this issue through significantly reducing the storage space, making the app suitable for everyday individual use, even on a mobile phone. The proposed method encodes a subset of assets from which it can decode the whole dataset with 3% time complexity compared to classical Blender's computations, exceeding the compression ratio of 10,000 and storage space saving 99.99%. This paper explains the features of the original assets, introduces the encoding and decoding functions with the format of documents, and then measures the solution's efficiency based on our dataset of MCT scenarios.


The treatment of the boundary condition in the numerical simulation of seismic wave field will directly influence the simulation precision of the seismic data.The perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary conditions of the one-order velocity——stress elastic wave equation in TI medium are derived by using time-domain splitting method.The seismic wave does not reflect when it transmits from effective computation region to absorbing layer,and it exponentially attenuates with spreading distance in the absorbing layer.The numerical simulation results of the perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary conditions and the Clayton absorbing boundary conditions widely applied at present are compared,and it is shown that the absorbing result of the former is better than that of the latter.


Production of paper containerboards requires well mechanical properties of papers, which serves to these purposes. One of methods, how to reach the best properties is paper application of auxiliary paper agents. They could be applicate into the paper mass or on surface. Surface application is done in a size press. In this method paper strip goes through the solution of applied substance. Next method is sizing in the film, where is sizing agent applied at first time on a roller and then is from this roller transfer to the paper.
The aim of this thesis was become acquainted with both methods of paper surface sizing and make comparison and evaluation of their. The comparison should be done in a several aspects such as technology, economy and influence this technologies on mechanical properties of paper.


The implication of a lake's healthy morphology is described by referring to domestic and international research on lake's morphology,with consideration of the factors that influence it.A comprehensive evaluation index system of a lake's healthy morphology that consists of an overall layer,a system layer,and an index layer was constructed,with the features and dynamics of the lake surface morphology taken into account.Based on this index system,set pair analysis(SPA) was used to evaluate the healthy morphology of Dazong Lake.The results show that(a) Dazong Lake showed a significant change in morphology,(b) the surface morphology of Dazong Lake was not healthy,and(c) human activities were the main causes of the unhealthy morphology of Dazong Lake.


This article begins with the Info_age's requirements to the talents' quality structure,analyzes the characteristics of network and network instruction,classifies network instruction pattern,put forwards the teaching pattern based on LAN and Internet,discusses the Info_flow of each network instruction mode and the relation of teaching and learning.It finally put forwards the opinion of reinforce the practice and application of network instruction.


An accurate goniometer was constructed being a part of a system devoted to the measurement of reflecting properties of surfaces. By it a surface of the sample under test can be arbitrarily oriented with respect to the observing direction and the direction of the shooting light beam. The high performances (revolution angle uncertainty equal to 0.1deg) required as specifications for the construction are checked. Particular attention is used to analyze the orthogonality among the revolution axes of each goniometer components and their convergence in the goniometer center. The linearity error of each revolution motion is measured by using a differential method. It proves to be effective to highlight the small linearity deviation and to verify the uncertainty declared by the manufacturer


NO answer, so far as we are aware, has appeared to Prof. Poulton's letter to the Fellows of the Roya' Society on Prof. Gregory's resignation of the leadership of the scientific staff of the Antarctic expedition (of which we published a copy on May 23). We are therefore forced to conclude that the representatives of this Society on the Joint Committee are content (to use our own words) to let judgment go by default, and admit Prof. Poulton's statements to be substantially correct. Since that date, according to a second letter which we published last week, rumours have been circulated that the real cause of Prof. Gregory's resignation was not that which had been publicly stated, but domestic considerations. The dates given to Prof. Poulton's statements and extracts from letters written by Prof. Gregoiy (which documents we have been allowed to examine) show these rumours to be baseless, and how they have arisen is no less a mystery than that alteration in the minutes of a resolution passed by the Joint Committee on February 14, 1900, mentioned in Prof. Poulton's former letter. Prof. Gregory's position has been consistent and definite throughout. He accepted the offer of the post on certain conditions, which he believed himself (not unreasonably, in our opinion) to have made clear. On returning to England last December he found the situation had been altered. Though not liking the changes he decided to accept them, and naturally supposed when he left England last February that the arrangement, concluded the day before he sailed, would be final. On receipt of a cable message that it had been further modified (by the acceptance, in substance, of Mr. Darwin's proposition), his first impulse, as he states, when the news arrived was to send a telegram announcing his resignation; but, after reflection, he thought it wiser to await the receipt of particulars by letter. Then came the refusal of the Council of the Royal Geographical Society to accept the instructions, thus modified, the appointment of an arbitration committee, as we may call it, and their decision, which virtually endorsed the action of that Society. When Prof. Gregory was informed by telegraph of the last step he at once cabled his resignation. We do not see how he could have done otherwise. There was now, to use his own words, "no guarantee to prevent the scientific work from being subordinated to naval adventure, an object admirable in itself, but not the one for which I understood this expedition to be organised."


In this study, a radial flow version of a characteristics-based numerical model reproduced the effects anticipated for dam-break flows between convergent and divergent walls. Four physical models were tested: plain (X-T); (2) contracted-plain (RT-XT); (3) contracted-expanded (RT-RT); and plain-expanded (XT-RT). It was found that both surface heights and mean velocities increased in the convergent sections and decreased in divergent ones. Successive depth profiles intersected the dam location at heights exceeding 4/9-reservoir depth for the convergent case and lower than this value for the divergent cases. Composite numerical modeling of X-T and R-T cases provided satisfactory simulation of certain phenomena which were also observed on physical models. Details of the study are described, and the results are discussed.


Amorphous Ta2O5 films were deposited by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) at temperatures below 450 °C. These films were used to fabricate metal–oxide–metal (MOM) structures with titanium nitride (TiN) electrodes. The electrical properties of the MOM capacitance were investigated by the means of current–voltage and capacitance–voltage characteristics in the 100 Hz–1 MHz frequency range. It is shown that the conduction mechanism changed from Schottky emission, for the LPCVD material, to Poole–Frenkel current for the PECVD material. The roughness of the bottom electrode, as determined by atomic force microscopy measurements, is found to impact the leakage current. For the LPCVD material the capacitance exhibits a strong dependency on the applied bias and the frequency. For the PECVD material, only a small variation of the capacitance is observed when the bias is increased, with almost no frequency dependency. A clear correlation between the ...


The Framework for School Board Development outlines the vision, structure, accountability, advocacy, and unity needed to provide local educational programs and services that will promote excellence in student academic achievement. The framework was originally adopted by the State Board of Education in January 199


Sorption of Ni(Ⅱ),Cu(Ⅱ)and Pb(Ⅱ)by modified kaolin from ternary metal solution,as a function of pH and metal concentrations via central composite design generated by Design Expert 8.0 was studied,while three significant cubic equations were established with coefficients of correlation more than 0.95 respectively.The experimental result revealed that metal interactions could be best designed at lower pH range of 4.0~5.0,in order to avoid precipitation.The sorption rate for single metal decreased in the order Pb(Ⅱ)Cu(Ⅱ)Ni(Ⅱ).In a binary system,increasing Ni(Ⅱ)concentration exhibited protection against the inhibitory effect of Pb(Ⅱ)and Cu(Ⅱ).On the other hand,sorption of Pb(Ⅱ)was inhibited by Cu(Ⅱ)and Ni(Ⅱ).Cu(Ⅱ) sorption remained unaffected by Pb(Ⅱ) at lower pH,but was in reverse at higher pH.Increasing Cu(Ⅱ)concentration exhibited protection against the inhibitory effect of Ni(Ⅱ).


A 60-year-old woman developed subacute bacterial endocarditis following a minor operation. She presented the unusual picture of breathlessness with cyanosis related to posture, confirmed by laboratory measurement. She had an atrial septal defect with right-to-left shunt, and had sustained multiple pulmonary infarcts, resulting in the obliteration of a large section of her pulmonary vascular bed. The puzzling absence of pulmonary hypertension was explained by tricuspid incompetence, although there was no clinical evidence of this, and on two occasions the right atrial pressure tracing was normal. The use of a balloon catheter to predict the results of operation is described. At operation the severely damaged tricuspid valve was replaced, and the septal defect was closed. There was an immediate improvement in the arterial oxygen tension after operation. She subsequently survived an episode of ventricular fibrillation, left hospital 11 months after her original admission and is now leading a normal life.


The biodegradable controlled-release system with large array of micro chambers is a new controlled drug delivery system. The structure of the system is designed using the MEMS technology, combining the drug release condition and the biodegradable characteristic of the polymer. This type of drug delivery system has some unique advantages in controlled long-term drug delivery, such as more drug loading than the matrices release systems, easier control the release rate, and so on. It is necessary to optimum the structure for the long-term drug delivery. This paper founds the simulated modeling which can simulate the erosion and the drug delivery from this controlled-release system. Further more the thickness of the chamber's wall is taken as the design variable. An optimized modeling for the drug delivery from the biodegradable controlled-release system is developed. This model can optimize the structure of the controlled release system for the desired release characteristics. The results indicate that this method can be used to design the drug delivery system based on the biodegradable polymer.


In the eco-city construction,ecosystem service function of green space has been destructed and is even facing risk of losses,so compensation for green space restoration should be implemented imminently.The compensation for green space restoration is defined as the green resource,population,community and ecosystem that were disturbed or destructed can be improved and continuously maintained oneself living state through self-adjusting and self-repairing function with the help of the ecological restoration methods and techniques.According to the ideology of IEM and 12 basic principles,the four basic principles for green space restoration compensation(GSRC) were put forward such as: ecological law,harmless,sustainable utilization and suited to local conditions.Due to the view of sustainable development,the GSRC is different from green land monetization compensation,the benefits produced by the former has the potentiality,expansibility and nature of un-reckonable,that of the latter is unable to replace the former.


"Against the Odds They did Preach, Part II" is a continuation from our April, 2021, issue. In this second part, Thompson continues the story of the first four women ordained in the Methodist tradition, shifting her focus to Maggie Ritchie Elliott (ordained in Missouri in 1876), Emma J. Plummer Baldwin (ordained in Missouri in 1878), and Mary C. Hobson Johnson (ordained in Kansas in 1879).


Background: Patients with dementia often present agitated behaviors. The Cohen–Mansfield Agitation Inventory-short form (CMAI-SF) is one of the most widely used instruments to evaluate agitated behaviors that affect patients' quality of life and impose burden on caregivers. However, there is no simplified Chinese version of the CMAI-SF (C-CMAI-SF) in clinical settings. Purpose: This study aimed to develop a Chinese version of the C-CMAI-SF and examine its validity and reliability. Methods: This cross-sectional study included three phases. In Phase I, the original CMAI-SF was translated to Chinese. In Phase II, experts were invited to examine the content validity index (CVI). Phase III was conducted to test the validity and reliability of the C-CMAI-SF. Results: The scale showed good validity and reliability with a scale-level CVI of 0.89, Cronbach's alpha (measure of internal consistency) of 0.874, and test–retest correlation coefficient of 0.902 (for 257 individuals). Using factor analysis, three factors were identified. Regarding concurrent validity, the C-CMAI-SF score was correlated with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (agitation aggression subscale) and the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (agitation subscale). Conclusions: The study demonstrated that the C-CMAI-SF is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating agitated behaviors in people with dementia. Relevance to clinical practice: The C-CMAI-SF is an easy and quick tool used to identify and evaluate agitated behaviors in busy clinical settings.


"Defect engineering", in which defects are intentionally introduced into metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with the aim of functionalizing pores and modifying their size distributions, has recently attracted considerable interest. Unfortunately, the...