Security experts often question why some users take actions that could expose them to security and privacy risks. Using unsecured Wi-Fi networks is one common example. Even though mobile data is now a more secure means to connect to the Internet, and is becoming faster and more affordable, many users continue to use unsecured Wi-Fi. To identify risk mitigating strategies, the research community first needs to understand the underlying factors driving users' decisions. Previous studies examined stated preferences — what people said they have done or think they would do — but that may not truly reflect real-life behavior. This study is the first to examine revealed preferences — what people actually do in naturalistic settings. Specifically, we investigated how users' desire to save mobile data and battery power influenced their decisions at the time when they connected to open unsecured Wi-Fi in the wild. We also examined whether the decision to use unsecured Wi-Fi networks could be driven by demographic factors and the user's perception of the risk associated with using these networks. We recruited 71 participants in the UK to install My Wi-Fi Choices, our own Android app, on their mobile device, and run it for three months in the background. The app captured details of mobile data allowance and battery power on participants' devices whenever they used open unsecured Wi-Fi networks. We found that depleting mobile data significantly drove participants to use these networks, especially when their remaining allowance reached approximately 30%. Battery level, however, did not play a significant role. The perceived risks of unsecured Wi-Fi did not affect the decision-making either. Age, education, and income level were also correlated with increased use of unsecured Wi-Fi. ACM Reference Format: Nissy Sombatruang, Lucky Onwuzurike, M. Angela Sasse, and Michelle Baddeley. 2019. Factors Driving Users to Use Unsecured Wi-Fi: Evidence in the Wild. In Proceedings of Conference on Security & Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks (WiSec'19). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 11 pages. https: //doi.org/10.1145/nnnnnnn.nnnnnnn Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from email@example.com. WiSec'19, May 15–17, Miami, FL, USA © 2019 Association for Computing Machinery. ACM ISBN 978-x-xxxx-xxxx-x/YY/MM. . . $15.00 https://doi.org/10.1145/nnnnnnn.nnnnnnn


PLEASE SCROLL DOWN TO SEE THE FULL TEXT To cite this document : Thame, M. & Aye, T.T. (2005). Overview of existing shrimp culture industry and development potential for culture of P. vannamei in Myanmar. In: Regional Technical Consultation on the Aquaculture of P. vannamei and Other Exotic Shrimps in Southeast Asia, Manila, Philippines (pp. 57-61). Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines : SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department.


Dynamics of the infectious disease transmission is often best understood taking into account the structure of population with respect to specific features, in example age or immunity level. Practical utility of such models depends on the appropriate calibration with the observed data. Here, we discuss the Bayesian approach to data assimilation in case of two-state age-structured model. This kind of models are frequently used to describe the disease dynamics (i.e. force of infection) basing on prevalence data collected at several time points. We demonstrate that, in the case when the explicit solution to the model equation is known, accounting for the data collection process in the Bayesian framework allows to obtain an unbiased posterior distribution for the parameters determining the force of infection. We further show analytically and through numerical tests that the posterior distribution of these parameters is stable with respect to cohort approximation (Escalator Boxcar Train) to the solution. Finally, we apply the technique to calibrate the model based on observed sero-prevalence of varicella in Poland.


At medium and high collision energies travelling orbitals must be employed in charge-transfer calculations. This results in two-centre matrix elements of the form of a Fourier transform. Similar Fourier transform matrix elements arise in the Bethe theory of the scattering of a structureless charged particle by a diatomic molecule as well as in the computation of the coherent and incoherent intensity for X-rays scattered by molecules. No simple general expression exists for Slater-type orbitals (STO). The author derives such a general expression which contains only small sums and a single numerical integral over an integrand which contains a spherical Bessel function.


Objective To study the secretory expression of human soluble TALL-1 in Pichia pastoris.Methods The human sTALL-1 cDNA was cloned into yeast expression vector pPIC9K containing AOXI promoter and the sequences of secreting signal peptides.Recombinant plasmid was lined by Sac I and transformed into Pichia Pastoris GS115.Positive integrated clones were screened and cultured in flasks,and sTALL-1 was expressed under the induction of 1% methanol.Results Recombinant expression plasmid pPIC9K-sTALL-1 was successfully constructed.The human sTALL-1 was expressed in BMMY after optimization of inducing expression condition.Western blot and ELISA assay revealed recombinant products could combine with specific antibody.The expressed product could inhibit the proliferation of Hela cells by MTT assay.Conclusions The secretory expression of human sTALL-1 had been successfully achieved in Pichia pastoris expression system.


This cohort study examines the patient characteristics and maternal outcomes associated with COVID-19 infection among pregnant patients at delivery during the early pandemic period in the US.


We use the method of dimensional reduction to show that a branching polymer with excluded-volume interaction confined between two flat plates has, in the thermodynamic limit, a confinement free energy and density profile that is the same as that of an ideal linear polymer with the same number of monomers and the same monomer-plate interaction potential. Condensation due to branching is exactly compensated by swelling due to excluded-volume interaction.


Recently, full-duplex (FD) communications with simultaneous transmission and reception on the same channel has been proposed. The FD receiver, however, suffers from inevitable self-interference (SI) from the much more powerful transmit signal. Analogue radio-frequency (RF) and baseband, as well as digital baseband, cancellation techniques have been proposed for suppressing the SI, but so far most of the studies have failed to take into account the inherent nonlinearities of the transmitter and receiver front-ends. To fill this gap, this article proposes a novel digital nonlinear interference cancellation technique to mitigate the power amplifier (PA) induced nonlinear SI in a FD transceiver. The technique is based on modeling the nonlinear SI channel, which is comprised of the nonlinear PA, the linear multipath SI channel, and the RF SI canceller, with a parallel Hammerstein nonlinearity. Stemming from the modeling, and appropriate parameter estimation, the known transmit data is then processed with the developed nonlinear parallel Hammerstein structure and suppressed from the receiver path at digital baseband. The results illustrate that with a given IIP3 figure for the PA, the proposed technique enables higher transmit power to be used compared to existing linear SI cancellation methods. Alternatively, for a given maximum transmit power level, a lower-quality PA (i.e., lower IIP3) can be used.


Prevention and diagnosis of potential malfunctions in industrial machines is an important factor in the total costs of operation. In recent years several new signal processing techniques have appeared, that under very specific conditions, allow the separation of mixed signals into their original components. This paper describes the development of a monitoring system using acoustic analysis in industrial environments in order to detect defects or malfunctions. We describe the conception and implementation of a system that uses a technique known as Blind Source Separation (BSS). It was used to monitor and diagnose industrial machines with mobile components in which each component has a particular acoustic signature.


The mycorrhizae and respiration of roots of Salix nigra Marsh., were investigated for plants growing on an abandoned railroad grade in Virginia. The plants were found to be heavily colonized with vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae when growing on this site. Glomus fasciculatus (Thaxter) Gerd. & Trappe was the only symbiont which could be unequivocally connected with these endomycorrhizal roots.Addition of 5.0 mM KCN to S. nigra endomycorrhizae or S. rotundifolia ectomycorrhizae inhibited respiration by approximately 50%, suggesting the possible involvement of a cyanide insensitive alternate oxidase in root respiration. Addition of 2.5 mM salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) to KCN inhibited roots caused an additional significant reduction of oxygen uptake in both root types. These results suggest the participation of a SHAM sensitive oxidase in the respiration of these roots. When SHAM was added alone to S. nigra endomycorrhizae a slight but insignificant reduction in oxygen uptake was observed. Conversely, SHAM c...


The electrical resistivity and the thermoelectric power of liquid Au–Si alloys have been measured as a function of temperature. The electrical resistivity increases rapidly with the addition for Si...


Purpose: This study investigated whether participants in a 6-month telephone-based coaching program, who set physical activity, nutrition, and weight loss goals had better outcomes in these domains. Design: Quasi-experimental design. Setting: The Australian Get Healthy Information and Coaching Service (GHS), a free population-wide telephone health-coaching service that includes goal setting as a key component of its coaching program. Participants: Consenting GHS coaching participants who had completed coaching between February 2009 and December 2012 (n = 4108). Measures: At baseline, participants select a goal for the coaching program, and sociodemographic variables are collected. Self-reported weight, height, waist circumference, physical activity, and nutrition-related behaviors are assessed at baseline and 6 months. Analysis: Descriptive analysis was performed on key sociodemographic variables, and the relationship between goal type and change in health outcomes was assessed using a series of linear mixed models that modeled change from baseline to 6 months. Results: Participants who set goals in relation to weight management and physical activity achieved better results in these areas than those who set alternate goals, losing more than those who set alternate goals (1.5 kg and 0.9 cm in waist circumference) and increasing walking per week (40 minutes), respectively. There was no difference in food-related outcomes for those that set nutrition-related goals. Conclusion: Goal setting for weight management and increasing physical activity in the overweight and obese population, undertaken in a telephone-based coaching program, can be effective.


In this paper, we propose a method of extending quasi-overlap and grouping functions defined on a sublattice $ M $ of a bounded lattice $ L $ to this lattice considering a more general version of sublattice definition, introduced by Palmeira and Bedregral.


A method is presented that causes A* to return high quality solutions while solving a set of problems using a non-admissible heuristic. The heuristic guiding the search changes as new information is learned during the search, and it converges to an admissible heuristic which 'contains the insight' of the original nonadmissible one. After a finite number of problems, A* returns only optimal solutions.

Experiments on sliding tile problems suggest that learning occurs very fast. Beginning with hundreds of randomly generated problems and an overestimating heuristic, the system learned sufficiently fast that only the first problem was solved non-optimally. As an application we show how one may construct heuristics for finding high quality solutions at lower cost than those returned by A* using available admissible heuristics.


The information obtained form a pressuremeter test is the in situ ground response to an increase in pressure. This response, usually shown as a stress-strain curve, depends on the type of probe, method of installation and test procedure. The curve can be interpreted to produce directly either design parameters using empirical rules or more fundamental ground properties using simple mathematical models. This paper, which is divided into three parts covering (a) site operations; (b) interpretation and (c) applications, gives an introduction to the practice of pressuremeter testing and references to relevant guidelines. Site operations covers the type of pressuremeters available and installation, calibration and testing procedures. (M'enard, stress-controlled, strain-controlled and stress and strain controlled tests). Most of this is based on commercially accepted practices which are currently being codified.


In order to analyze the relationship of different assessment methods and different factors,in this article Grey system policy and Fuzzy transformation were applied to evaluate the degree of eutrophication of Chao lake.And analyse the assessment close rate result was analyzed.By the analysis of the example,the assessment result of close rate of Grey Sitiation Decision Method can rise with weight of composing factor rising.And in the condition of factor quantity being identical(factor quantity1),the assessment result of close rate of Grey Sitiation Decision Method exceeded the Fuzzy Method.


The KEELOQ code hopping technology incorporates high security. The length of the transmission eliminates the threat of code scanning and the code hopping mechanism makes each transmission unique, rendering code capture and resend schemes useless. KEELOQ technology is a perfect solution for high security remote control system. The article gives introduction of the KEELOQ technology .A design of security system based on PIC16C57 MCU was presented.


Objective: To explore the effects of amniotic fluid embolism on coagulation of pregnant goat.Methods: Sixteen clinical normal,healthy,pregnant goats( Capra hircus) in the last one third of pregnancy were divided into four groups at random( n = 4 for each group) : raw amniotic fluid group( AF group),filtered amniotic fluid group( FAF group),meconium stained amniotic fluid group( MAF group),or control group( NS group).Blood samples were taken from a femoral vein before infusion( baseline),and 30 min,90 min,180 min after infusion of amniotic fluid for FBG,PLT,PT,PTI,Hb measurement.Results: No significant changes were shown for FBG,PLT,PT,PTI,Hb level in NS group.Prolonged PT,increased PLT,lower Fbg and PTI were observed in AF,FAF and MAF group,compared to the control group( P0. 05).The changes of the indexes were greater in MAF group; there was no significant difference on the Hb level between pre-operation and post-operation,or among these different groups( P0. 05).Conclusions: Amniotic fluid can activate coagulation.The changes mainly contain FBG consumption,PLT aggregation,PT prolongation in early DIC in amniotic fluid embolism.


Summary Around 1640, Torricelli found a geometrical solution to a problem allegedly formulated in the early 1600s by Fermat: Given three points in a plane, find a fourth point such that the sum of its distances to the three given points is as small as possible. Later, Simpson and Weber looked at the more general case of minimizing the sum of the transportation costs toward the three points. Here, we investigate an interesting special case using undergraduate mathematics.


Ambulation programs may be necessary for many reasons for geriatric patients. Although assistive aids and devices for this population do not differ essentially from those for the general (younger) population, certain considerations with regard to prescription and mode of use may be discussed with reference to the elderly. Recent technological advances in the field of prosthetics have made it possible for more elderly amputees to ambulate successfully with prostheses. Electronic aids to improve gait and neuromuscular performance required for ambulation are coming into use for programs for elderly patients especially in cases where proprioceptive feedback has been impaired.


Received date: December 16, 2016; Revised date: December 23, 2016 Corresponding author: Zheng Jingchen, Modern Hospital Management Institute, General Hospital of Chinese Armed Police Force, Archiater; Chinese Academy of Engineering, Academician. Major research fields include disaster medicine and engineering management E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Funding program: CAE Advisory Project "Development Strategy for National Health Promotion and Medical and Healthcare Undertakings in China" (2014-ZD-06) Chinese version: Strategic Study of CAE 2017, 19 (2): 043–049 Cited item: Hu Yiqun et al. Collaborative Simulation and Modeling of a Regional Health Group and Policy Suggestions. Strategic Study of CAE, https://doi. org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.02.007 Abstract: To solve the problem of residents' difficulties in affording expensive medical treatment, we build a community-hospital concept model of a secondary medical service system and establish a function model and a referral mechanism for patients' preferences. Taking Jiading District in Shanghai as an example, we utilize the AnyLogic system modeling software and demonstrate how this model can be used to study the effect of different medical cooperation modes and medical reform policies through the introduction of actual case data. Our results show that promoting the quality of primary medical care services and increasing the reimbursement ratio of medical insurance can effectively improve the efficiency of the entire medical service system.


Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the association between bladder conditions and Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) characteristics in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) with different injury levels using a videourodynamic study (VUDS). Materials and Methods: A single-center, retrospective review of the VUDS database on patients with NLUTD and chronic SCI from 1997 to 2020. A total of 507 patients were enrolled. All patients had a comprehensive chart review, including the injury level, period from diagnosis to VUDS, and VUDS characteristics. Results: The mean age and duration from SCI diagnosis to VUDS were 44.2 ± 15.7 years and 81.8 ± 89.0 months. Detrusor overactivity (DO) was observed in 67.7% of patients and detrusor underactivity (DU) in 26.0%. Bladder outlet obstruction was noted in 78.3% of patients, including detrusor sphincter dyssynergia (DSD) in 53.3% and bladder neck dysfunction in 25.0%. DO and DSD were more commonly observed in patients with suprasacral lesions (P = 0.000 and P = 0.000, respectively), whereas DU had a higher prevalence in patients with lumbar or sacral lesions (P = 0.000). No statistically significant difference was observed in the prevalence of vesicoureteral reflux among different SCI levels. Bladder sensation parameters were more preserved in patients with cervical SCI than in those with lumbar SCI; however, no significant difference in bladder compliance was observed among patients with different SCI levels. Conclusion: The VUDS in patients with SCI revealed a high prevalence of DO, DU, and DSD, which varied among different injury levels. A precise VUDS is necessary for deciding bladder management for patients with SCI and voiding dysfunction.


The testing of oil attached to finished wire using oil extraction method,which not only pollutes the environment,but harmful to the human body.By using high-pure water to replace the n-hexane to dissolve the oil of nylon filament,and refractometer to measure the concentration of dissolved liquid attached to the goods,and the accuracy of the test results was known by using F-and Ttest.The results of reproducibility and accuracy of the test meet the requirements of statistics.


Concurrent design is a systematic approach that aims to help developers consider all elements related to the product life cycle, including quality, cost, schedule and user requirement. This approach is challenging because designers conduct these elements manually in the design process. In addition, studies on the formation mechanism of design defects are limited. To minimise the difficulties of product designers and prevent design defects, a structural relationship model is presented for the concurrent design process. The structural relationship model, which incorporates design defects, design process and influencing factors, is marked through polychromatic sets. The interval analytic hierarchy process is used to determine the weight of each influencing factor. Furthermore, a brief model instruction for concurrent design is proposed to guarantee the model application's validity. The proposed method enables designers to concentrate on functionality and performance design, and the findings are expected to be theoretically and practically useful for preventing and controlling defects in concurrent design.


The study is a result of developmental research. The purposes of the research is to produce a project base worksheet that appropiate for science learning in junior high school. The design of the research is 4-D. The appropiatness of the worksheed is ditermined by four aspects: content, languistic, appearance, and layout (kegrafikaan). The appropiatness of content is determine by score of expert validators and the improvement of students' cognitive achievement. The linguistic aspect is found through linguistic expert validator and legibility aspect is determined by legibility of worsheet and students' responses to the worksheet. Aspect of layout (kegrafikaan) is obtained from score of expert validators and students' responses through quitionair. The reseach was conducted to students class VII SMP Muhammadiyah Bondowoso, even semester year 2015-2016. Findings of the study shows that the appropiateness of four aspects are 85; 87,5; 87,5; 87,5 respectively. Most of the aspects are in very appropriate criteria. So, the study can be concluded that the worksheet model is very appropiate for science learning in junior high school.


Both cost-sensitive classification and online learning have been broadly researched in data mining and machine learning communities, respectively. However, very restricted study addresses an essential intersecting issue, that is, "Cost-Sensitive Online Classification". In this paper we proposed, formally study this issue, and propose a new framework for Cost-Sensitive Online Classification by directly surging cost-sensitive symptoms implementing online gradient descent methods. Particularly, we present two novel cost-sensitive online classification algorithms, which are structured to directly amend two well-known cost-sensitive measures: (i) maximization of weighted sum of sensitivity and specificity, and (ii) minimization of weighted misclassification cost. We study the theoretical leap of the cost-sensitive measures made by the presented algorithms, and broadly observed their factual operation on a variety of cost-sensitive online classification works. Finally, we represent the application of the presented method for solving several online problem detection works, showing that the presented method could be a highly effective and efficient tool to tackle cost-sensitive online classification works in several application domains. malicious Uniform Resource Locator (URL) detection is an essential issue in web search and mining, which plays a complex role in internet protection.


This research guide pulls together resources available to all Howard University students , with a special focus on resources that may be useful to law students conducting multidisciplinary research for their seminar papers. Contained within this guide are This research guide pulls together resources from Howard University Libraries focusing on social science resources useful for law students. Contained within this guide is a subsection on Gender, Sex, and Sexuality resources.


We address some aspects of black hole spacetimes endowed with a positive cosmological constant, i.e. black holes located inside a cosmological event horizon. First we establish a general criterion for existence of cosmological event horizons. Using the geometrical set up built for this, we study classical black hole no hair theorems for both static and stationary axisymmetric spacetimes. We discuss cosmic Nielsen-Olesen strings as hair in Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetime. We also give a general calculation for particle creation by a Killing horizon using complex path analysis and using this we study particle creation in Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetime by both black hole and the cosmological event horizons.


Recently, supply chain operations have been influenced by three concepts such as sustainable supply chain, dynamic capabilities, and disruptive innovation. First, sustainability has become a necessary goal for businesses and a powerful strategy for competitive advantage. Sustainable innovations along the supply chain are increasingly important regarding firm competitiveness to respond to rapid changes in the market. Secondly, disruptive innovations are particularly adopted by firms, because they aim to provide product or process to a new set of customers (or customers with new sets of requirements). Big data and predictive analytics are one of them and may have the ability to generate considerably more business and social value while significantly reducing the use of scarce resources. This disruptive innovation could improve the ability to help with the sustainability of sourcing decisions, and reduce environmental footprint are increasingly recognized. Thirdly, developing dynamic capabilities such as absorptive capacity both in firms and in supply chains are also integral to responding to dynamic markets and customer needs. Dynamic capabilities are collective resources (financial and technical assets coordinated with knowledge and competencies) which are essentially change-oriented, helping firms redeploy and reconfigure. Any innovation (whether process or product oriented) must then rely on such capabilities. The main objective of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework through a literature review, to identify the features of disruptive innovations applied to the sustainable supply chain, and to analyze the role of dynamic capabilities. We will focus on how certain dynamic capabilities such as absorptive capacity affect the impact of the utilization of big data analytics on sustainable supply chain on frugal processes, which has not been investigated in depth.


Solutions of SbF5 in HSO3F with xSbF5 = 0.012 to 0.405 are studied by 500 MHz 1H NMR (299 K) and 471 MHz 19F NMR (213–250 K), using NMR tubes fitted with fluoropolymer lining. The initial process during dissolution is the fast solvolysis of monomeric SbF5 in HSO3F according to SbF5 + nHSO3F SbF5 – n(SO3F)n + nHF (n = 1, 2). All HF formed during solvolysis will no longer be removed by reaction with glass, but will remain in the superacid system. Besides participation in the fast formation of various fluoro-fluorosulfato anions [SbF6 – n(SO3F)n]– (n = 0, 1, 2) and acidium ions [H2X]+(solv.) (X= F, SO3F), HF is involved in slow-exchange reactions of the type [SbF6 – n(SO3F)n]–(solv.) + HF [SbF7 – n(SO3F)n– 1]–(solv.) + HSO3F (n = 1, 2) detected because of a delay of 3 months between sample preparation and measurements and confirmed by repeating theses measurements after a further 3 months. There are three notable differences to our earlier study, affecting concentrations of the fluoro-fluorosulfato antimonat...


PREPARING A microencapsulated insecticidal composition having excellent RESIDUAL ACTION, comprising an organophosphorus insecticide encapsulated in a polyurea wall formed with a diameter average particle NO MORE THAN 80 FM, UN WALL THICKNESS NOT MORE THAN 0.3 FM AND DIAMETER rATIO-average particle WALL THICKNESS not less than 250. The preparation is effected by adding a polyfunctional isocyanate BEDNETS an oil phase, dispersing the mixture in an aqueous phase with or without polyfunctional amine and letting BE PLACE interfacial polymerization.


This research discusses the optimization of production carried out in Well A and Well B. The two Wells are production Well with three production layers (multilayer) that have different characteristics for each layer. Based on the performance evaluation of the production Wells, it's known that Well A and Well B are no longer able to produce naturally (natural flow). Therefore, it's necessary to have an artificial lift in order to be able to produce.The artificial lift method used for Well A and Well B is to install an electric submersible pump (ESP), because based on the screening criteria of artificial lift, both Wells can use an electric submersible pump. It's known that Well A has an absolute open flow (AOF) value of 5840 stb/d and Well B of 3874 stb/d. The production optimization carried out has a production target of 70% of the absolute open flow value. Therefore, the selection of the electric submersible pump for each Well must have an operating flowrate that is in accordance with the production target of the two Wells and must perform a sensitivity test on the selected electric submersible pump to obtain the optimal scenario. So that, the electric submersible pump design for Well A is REDA D4300N with operating frequency of 60 hz and 156 stages, while for Well B is REDA DN3100 with operating frequency of 70 hz and 188 stages.


We first give the solution, in a class of singular functions, of a one-dimensional singular integral equation with Cauchy integral, arising from a problem in two-dimensional aerodynamics. The analysis is then extended to the solution of a bisingular Cauchy singular integral equation arising from three-dimensional airfoil theory. © 1997 Rocky Mountain Mathematics Consortium.


PURPOSE: A relay system for effectively removing self-interference and a filter setting method thereof are provided to completely remove self-interference while maintaining maximum transmission capacity in a full duplex relay system. CONSTITUTION: A channel gain calculation part(104) determines a self-interference channel gain corresponding to the self-interference of a relay system generated by receiving a signal from a transmission node and transmitting a signal to a receiving node at the same time. A filter determination part(105) determines a receiving filter and a transmission filter of the relay system to obtain a maximum transmission capacity and remove self-interference from the relay system by considering the orthogonal relation of a vector derived from the self-interference channel gain. The receiving filter is applied to the signal received from the transmission node. The transmission filter is applied to the signal transmitted to the receiving node. [Reference numerals] (102) Transmitting node(Node A); (103) Receiving node(Node B); (104) Channel gain calculation part; (105) Filter determination part; (106) Initial value setting part


Abstract Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs), a promising energy storage device in the large-scale energy storage market, have attracted extensive attention in recent years due to their high safety, low cost, environmental friendliness, and excellent electrochemical performance. Despite the rapid development of AZIBs technology, challenges such as insufficient energy density and limited cycling life still exist, which hinders the practical application of AZIBs. Due to the critical role that cathode materials play in the electrochemical performance of AZIBs, it is necessary to summarize the progress of cathode materials for AZIBs. In this review, the Zn2+ storage mechanisms of the cathode materials are analyzed. Subsequently, the representative cathode materials are introduced, and their structures and electrochemical performances are compared. The existing problems and improvement strategies of these cathode materials are summarized in detail. Finally, the future challenges and promising prospects for cathode materials are proposed. This review will guide researchers and manufacturers, benefiting them in designing advanced AZIBs for grid-scale energy storage.


ABSTRACT The objective of this research is to examine the role of Informal Credit Institucions for Rice farmers inWolaang Village Langowan East District and provide benefits, additional knowledge, information and research is expected to provide input for the financial management institucions. This research using primary data and secondary data. The sources of primary data are obtained by interviewing lenders and loan recipients by using alist of questions (questionnaire), while the secondary data are taken from the Village Chief Office. Debtors and creditors sampling had been done intentionally (purposive sampling) to the 15 debtors and the 5 creditors as respondents. Data was analyzed by using table and Descriptive analyzes. The results of research and discussion showedit that the informal credit institucions had a role in providing capital for rice farmers in the Wolaang Village Langowan East District and made credit process more easy related lending procedures although its interest rate washinger than the formal credit.


The article analyzes the lyro-epic genres of Jadid poetry, in particular, the poetics of the Jadid ballad. Until now, in Uzbek literary criticism, Jadid poetry has not been studied in this aspect. As a result of the research, new scientific hypotheses and opinions on the history and theory of the genre were put forward. For example, there is still an opinion in literary criticism that the first ballads in modern Uzbek poetry were created by Hamid Alimjan (1934) and Gafur Gulyam (1930). After studying Jadid poetry, the history of the genre was clarified that the ballad in modern Uzbek poetry created by Chulpan and Botu dates back to1920 and the presence of lyro-epic genres and their study in the works of reputed authors is emphasized as an urgent scientific problem.


Objective:To identify the differential genes in Porphyromonas gingivalis minimally toxic strain ATCC 33277 and highly toxic strain W83.Methods:Porphyromonas gingivalis minimally toxic strain ATCC 33277(tester) and highly toxic strain W83(driver) were compared with each other by using suppression subtractive hybridization(SSH).The chromosomal DNAs were purified from P gingivalis ATCC 33277 and P.gingivalis W83,and digested by restriction enzyme RsaⅠ.The tester DNA samples were separated and ligated with adaptor 1 and adaptor 2R.The ligation efficiency was performed to verify that at least 25% of tester DNA fragments had adaptors on both ends.Two subtractive hybridization and PCR profile were performed.Tester-specific DNAs were also selectively amplified.Then the subtraction efficiency analysis was performed.The mixture of subtracted DNA fragments were ligated with pMD-18T vector and transformed to competent cells E.coli JM109.The differential subtraction library was established.The positive clones were identified by PCR and then sequenced,and searched homologically.Results:The products were obtained through subtractive hybridization and PCR amplification twice.The experimental PCR subtraction products with some distinct bands were different from unsubtraction products.The distinct bands were rich in Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277,while absent from P.gingivalis highly toxic strain W83.Subtractive library which had high subtractive efficiency was successfully set up and 119 positive clones were screened by SSH.The fragments from 125 bp to 632 bp were rich in Porphyromonas gingivalis minimally toxic strain ATCC 33277,while absent from P.gingivalis W83.Conclusion:These genes may provide an important clue for studying the mechanism of occurrence and development of periodontal disease.


Application of retraction cord in the treatment of posterior teeth with proximal dental caries at gingival level or subgingival ≤ 1 mm to match gum tissue can avoid injury of gingiva and improve the quality of filling.


A method includes determining an average set load corresponding to a plurality of gensets of a power system, generating a power error based on the determined average set load and a set load of a genset of the plurality, generating a first offset based on a function of the power error and a predetermined factor, determining a secondary offset, generating a final offset based on the first offset and the secondary offset, generating a final reference value based on a nominal reference and the final offset, and applying the final reference value to obtain proportional load sharing between the plurality of gensets.


The 'crisis of representation' has become a commonplace of cultural, philosophical, and semiotic theory during the last decades of the twentieth century. The reasons for assuming such a crisis, however, are quite diverse, and there is not even a general consent as to the existence of such a crisis. The diversity of the arguments concerning this crisis is also due to the diversity of concepts of representation. A careful examination of what is meant by 'crisis of representation' must therefore begin with a thorough diagnosis of the symptoms of crisis that have been ascertained and with a differentiation of the domains to which they pertain. The results of this examination will allow the differences between the various underlying concepts of representation to be more clearly determined (Noth 2000a: 162–168). This paper will deal with three domains in which crises of representation have been diagnosed: firstly, literature, the arts, and the media; secondly, philosophy; and thirdly, semiotics. A further area, which we will not deal with here, is cognitive science. In this field of investigation, the theory of mental representation continues to be a major topic of research, but is, so to speak, in crisis, according to the so-called anti-representationalists whose models of the mind are of a nonrepresentational kind (cf. Noth 2000a: 230).


Surveillance of whooper swan migration is important for monitoring avian influenza transmission risk potential from east to west China between the East Asian--Australasian and Central Asian flyways. Here, we characterised the evolutionary and reasssortment history of H5N2 viruses isolated from 1866 fresh faeces samples of wintering whooper swans collected in the Sanmenxia Reservoir area, China. This was combined with information on the migration routes of whooper swans in Eastern Asia to elucidate the role of whooper swans in spreading the virus. All segments of the new H5N2 isolates belong to the Eurasian avian-like lineage and are closely related to wild-bird viruses from China, Korea and Mongolia covering the wintering, stopover and breeding grounds in migration routes of whooper swans. We further found that the temporal-spatial migration process of whooper swans was identical with the virus transmission and reassortment pathway in Eastern Asia particularly.


Purpose. To find out the ratio of laser light absorption coefficients µа in water and in blood and the effective attenuation coefficient of radiation µeff in blood in the wavelength range of 1.3–2.0 µm. Absorption coefficients were experimentally measured for blood modeling solutions of oksi- and methemoglobin with concentration corresponding to hematocrit Hct ≈ 50%. The performed estimations confirmed that absorption in water exceeds absorption in blood close to local maxima of laser light absorption which correspond to wavelengths 1.45 and 1.94 µm. The obtained dependences allow to define the depth of effective impact of superficial laser irradiation of studied wavelengths at biotissues. They also allow to find out dimensions of areas in which laser radiation is absorbed in blood under interstitial irradiation and to find out distribution of absorbed energy amounts in water and in hemoglobin.


Used milliwatt low-power infrared light irradiation LN crystals mixed with indium,have observed the photorefractive phenomenon in the crystal.We measured the refractive index variety thread by mach-zehnder interferometer,observe the stripe swing we gained the index variety can attain 10-4 quantity rank.Simulate the result use experiment data and gained the refractive index variety pattern.In the theory,we use laser light frequency doubling succeed explain the photorefractive phenomenon induced by near infrared light in LN crystals,and simulate the refractive index variety in the theory.We found,the experiment accord with the theory.


The copyright reform package tabled by the European Commission and the decision of the Court of Justice in GS Media caused an earthquake in EU copyright law. The reform plans will hardly lead to a 'modern' copyright framework, as announced by the Commission in its communication 'Towards a Modern, More European Copyright Framework' of 9 December 2015. In the GS Media case concerning hyperlinks to leaked Playboy magazine photographs, the Court seems to downgrade copyright to a mere unfair competition claim in an attempt to regulate hyperlinks to illegal online content on the basis of harmonized EU copyright law. From the perspective of innovation policy, both developments appear problematic.Neither the copyright reform nor the GS Media decision seem conducive to the innovation climate in the EU. Instead of less market entrance barriers and more room for new business models, the copyright reform and the GS Media decision are likely to lead to further market concentration and less room for new business models. Given the fact that the conceptual contours of a 'modern', innovation-friendly copyright regime for the digital era have already been drawn quite clearly in various copyright research projects and related literature, it is difficult to understand why EU policy makers and courts still have so much difficulty to develop an appropriate legal framework.


The world population is aging, along with a decrease in population and a shortage of young workers. Mechanisms using pneumatic cylinders are therefore expected to be useful to perform tasks such as day‐to‐day work support for elderly people. However, a pneumatic cylinder involves a large time delay. Therefore, a traditional control system becomes complex, with the necessity to add Smith compensation. Therefore, we use predictive functional control (PFC). This control system is not complex even if the plant includes a time delay. This study evaluates the performance of force and position control systems using a pneumatic cylinder and PFC. We compare the PFC scheme with the proportional integral derivative (PID) control and show that PFC achieves better performance than PID control. © 2015 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


The article results from research whose focus was on the relationship between the migratory processes of individuals originating in the states of the Northeast region of Brazil and the impacts generated in their school lives. Most of these migrants were especially looking for work opportunities, almost always in exchange for their subsistence, moving towards new spaces of sociability, taking with them their cultural traits and their identity that would be confronted wherever they arrived, as in the Triângulo Mineiro, a space for observation of this research in the period between the 1950s and the 2000s. Such a cut is related to the main migratory flows to this region that was presented as the new Eldorado Brasileiro, motivating those flows that were initially generated by the grain culture and later that of sugarcane. In the 1950s, migrants settled on the farms where, in many cases, they arrived in a condition of bondage by debt linked to their displacement. A little ahead, these rural workers would live in the cities, developing new relations in the neighborhoods, churches, commerce, health posts, and schools, overcoming resistances related to their ethnic-cultural belonging, since all those who carried the accent of the Northeast constituted a marginalized population, especially when they entered rural or urban schools, at a time when, in general, the first interdiction occurred with the denial of their accent. Thus, we seek to observe these relationships among these groups within the schools of Minas Gerais, for that, we use, especially, the interviews.


This research explores an experimental study conducted to investigate the effect of crushed Pimpinella anisum (PA), Nigella sativa (NS) seeds and Thymus vulgaris (TV) mixture as a feed additive on growth performance and mortality rate (MR), selected antibodies titer (Ab's) and blood haematological profile of vaccinated and non-vaccinated Lohman male broiler chicks fed free-antibiotics ration. A total of 400 one-day-old chicks were distributed into 16 groups (4 treatment × 4 replicates × 25 chicks). The experiment lasted from 1 to 42 days of age. The statistical findings of this experiment prove that the use of medicinal plants mixture improves live body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and MR of vaccinated male broilers at 21 and 42 days of age. Antibodies titer against infectious bronchitis and infectious bursal disease of non-vaccinated and vaccinated male broilers were significantly improved at d 21 and 42, as a result of the addition of medicinal plant mixture to the basal ration. Concerning Newcastle disease, the use of PA, NS and TV mixture did not result in any additional improvement of Ab's compared with the use of vaccines. The addition of medicinal plants mixture increased WBCs, RBCs, thrombocytes count and Hb concentration of vaccinated and non-vaccinated male broilers at 21 days of age. Meanwhile, heterophils, lymphocytes and monocytes of vaccinated male broilers (VMB) were significantly improved by adding medicinal plant mixture to their basal diet. Moreover, at 42 days of age the use of PA, NS seeds and TV mixture indicated significant increase in total WBCs, lymphocytes and monocytes and monocytes count of VMB and non-vaccinated male broiler (NVMB). No significant differences were noticed in RBCs and Hct as a result of feeding crushed medicinal plants mixture.


The major problem discussed in this article is the presence of domestic violence conducted by husbands towards their wives in their marriages. Several verses of the Qur'an have been used to legitimize these arrogant actions. Using religious texts and culture of patriarchy, domestic violence seems to persist. This article discusses the interpretation of some verses of the Qur'an, especially the mystical interpretation, which is related to the rights of wives in marriage. Two mystical interpretations are the case of the study, i.e., Ruh al-Ma'ani of al-Alusi and al-Fawatih al-Ilahiyya of al-Jilani. This article describes analytically and critically explores the ideas of al-Jilani and al-Alusi about women's rights in Islam.


The Strict Positive Real (SPR) property of discrete-time transfer functions plays a fundamental role in the analysis of the behaviour of several recursive schemes employed in identification and adaptive control. In the context of uncertain systems, this leads to the so called robust SPR problem (RSPR), i.e., given a set P of polynomials and a regionΛ of the complex plane, determine, provided it exists, a polynomial or a rational filterF such that each rational function P/F, P ∈ P is strictly positive real over Λ. In this paper the discrete-time case of P being anl2 ball in coefficient space is considered. It will be shown in a constructive way that under the assumption that all the polynomials of such a family are Schur, the sought filter can be provided in closed form as a rational function of known degree. The proposed synthesis procedure is based on the solution of a polynomial factorization problem.


Once as abundant as the ubiquitous sage brush on which they are dependent, Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) have been so reduced in numbers that it seemed inevitable that they would become extinct in North America or, at the very least, extirpated in most of their historical range. Their declining population has been intermittently documented since I first located and studied an existing Sakatchewan population of this species in what is now Grasslands National Park in 1970 and 1971. With their present existence now at critical levels, I would like to share my personal experience and thoughts, beginning more than 50 years ago, in the hope that an increased interest in this iconic species may result in a sustainable population through continuing provincial and federal conservation initiatives.


Experience collected by the members of the Chair for Railways during 15 years of the supervision of re/construction of tram tracks in the Croatian capital Zagreb and city of Osijek revealed that the largest percentage of local rail damage occurs at the welded rail joints. Poorly performed and unmaintained rail welds cause increased dynamic impacts on the vehicles and the track itself that result in reduced safety and passenger comfort, faster degradation of the track and more frequent need for maintenance of both tracks and tram vehicles.
Generally, production of high quality rail welds primarily depends on the applied method of welding, welder's skill and experience and the quality of welded rails steel. This paper compares two methods of arc welding technique: classical MMAW (Manual Metal Arc Welding) method traditionally used on the Zagreb Municipal Transit System – ZET Ltd network and more up-to-date "Innershield" or FCAW (Flux Cored Arc Welding) method which has not yet found a wider application in Croatia. A description of welding technology as well as measurement and analysis of rail surface hardness in the weld zone and rail welds tensile strength has been given. The results of the tests were supposed to answer the question whether the application of this modern welding technology, in addition to shortening the time of welding procedure, also improves the quality of the rail joints.
Comparison of results led to the conclusion that the "Innershield" welding method is favourable for welding standard grooved rails. It is to expect that the described testing will contribute to faster adoption of this method for welding grooved rails in ZET Ltd network. Also, conducted measurements and analysis are a good background for further research and provide useful, scientifically based conclusions applicable to the everyday engineering practice.


45% crystal lime sulphure,SK Enspray 99 petroleum oil and combined micro-emulsion of 30% oil sludge and sulphur were used to control Acaphylla theae and Empoasca vitis(Gothe) during winter dormancy period in tea garden in Xihu and Yuhang districts.The results shows that the three pesticides had effectively controlling effect on Acaphylla theae and Empoasca vitis(Gothe).


The paper presents results of studies on the effects of long-term storage of cattle manure directly on the ground on the contamination of shallow groundwater with dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The research was carried out from January 2008 to December 2009. It was conducted at the site where cattle manure had been stored for about 20 years. Water samples were collected from three wells located at the site of manure storage and next to it. Moreover, at the same time water from two nearby ditches was sampled. Water samples were analyzed calorimetrically for the concentration of DOC using segmented fl ow analysis (S.F.A.S.). The research indicated that long-term manure storage on the ground resulted in signifi cant pollution of groundwater with dissolved organic carbon. Annual average DOC content in groundwater from the monitored units was approximately from 51.0 to approximately 189.0 mg C dm. Its concentration in water samples collected on a monthly basis was as high as 597.0 mg C dm. The concentration of DOC in the surrounding ditches in the study period ranged from 3.5 mg C dm to 12.5 mg C dm. Concentration of that element was higher in water from a ditch located in close proximity to manure storage (11.1 mg C dm) than in a ditch located further away from that area (6 mg C dm). The research indicates that it is necessary to intensify research towards a better identifi cation of the role of DOC in the movement and accumulation of minerals in the water, and that DOC can be a good indicator of water pollution from agricultural sources. key words: DOC, groundwater, storage manure


The purpose of the study was to identify the interventions used as approaches to cultivate healthy behaviours in undergraduate students and assess the effectiveness of those approaches. This was qualitative research. The design of the study was organised into three stages such as the search and selection stage, validation and assessment stage, and the interpretation stage. The originally designed Critical Appraisal Checklist was used by the research team members. The Triangular Assessment Method was used by the involved experts in pedagogics in the field of health education, psychology in the field of healthcare and health promotion, and experts in public health policy and healthy lifestyle management. The review provided a list of feasible approaches that can be combined to make the models that might increase the effectiveness of the process of cultivating healthy behaviours in tertiary students. These approaches were found to be the cross-domain solution seen as flexible. The specified approaches are easily combined with other ones. The use of these approaches in combination with the other approaches creates the models that can increase the effectiveness of the process of cultivating healthy behaviours in the students. The findings imply that healthy behaviour is a complex phenomenon that requires a consistent, multi-facet, and prolonged influence.


A theory is given for the design of junction diodes which can simultaneously exhibit high photosensitivity and a reverse-biased dark charge-storage time greater than 1/30 second with calculations specifically carried out for silicon and germanium photo-junctions. The charge-storage problem associated with the use of narrower bandgap materials as vidicon targets is thus overcome, and a microarray of such junctions can be used as the photosensitive target at room temperature. Experimental data are presented for single element photo junctions in silicon, constructed according to the theoretical specifications for obtaining long time dark state charge storage. It is established that present state-of-the-art microelectronic technology is applicable to the production of the mosaic junction arrays necessary for constructing a completed camera tube.


Providing the security on the basis of encryption standards is considered as key challenges for achieving the integrity & confidentiality. There are three main public-key cryptosystem contenders. Each has a variable key size that can be increased to achieve higher security at the cost of slower cryptographic operations. The best attack known on each public-key cryptosystem requires an amount of computation determined by a security parameter which is related to the key size. The secondary factor is confidentiality i.e. ensuring that adversaries gain no intelligence from a transmitted message. There are two major techniques for achieving confidentiality: This work proposes a novel prototype ECDSA which provides the security where there is not complete trust between documents' sender and receiver & something more than authentication is needed. The signature is formed by taking the hash of the message and encrypting the message with the creator's private key. It guarantees the source and integrity of the message. Then a suitable digital signature algorithm will be picked out as a result of comparing and analyzing three main digital signature algorithms in this paper. Finally, a scheme of digital signature in electronic government will be proposed in order to settle some specific problems such as spilling out the secret, forging or denial and so on. Besides, a brief analysis regarding security will be given for this scheme.


OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to compare the effects of action observation training and motor imagery training on recovery from chronic stroke.

METHODS
Thirty patients who were more than six months post stroke participated in this study and were randomly allocated to three groups. The action observation training group practiced additional action observation training for five 30-minute sessions over a four-week period. The motor imagery training group practiced additional motor imagery training for five 30-minute sessions over a four-week period. The following clinical measures were used for assessment of dynamic balance and gait abilities: Timed Up and Go Test, Functional Reaching Test, Walking Ability Questionnaire, and Functional Ambulation Category. Spatiotemporal gait parameters were also collected using a GAITRite system.

RESULT
Compared with the physical training group, the action observation training group showed significant improvement in the Timed Up and Go test, gait speed, cadence, and single limb support of the affected side. No significant differences in any of the outcome measures were observed between the action observation training group and the motor imagery training group.

CONCLUSION
Action observation training and motor imagery training results in improvement of dynamic balance and gait ability. These results suggest the feasibility and suitability of action observation training for patients with chronic stroke.


Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are a type of networks which suffer from intermittent disruption due to the factors such as mobility and energy. Whereas only a little state of art routing algorithms in DTNs address the problem of message loss due to the insufficient contact capacity because of mobility. In this paper, to reduce these aborted messages due to fast mobility we propose a scheme that adopts two separate routing algorithms. Specifically, only one of them is activated according to the current encounter angle. Besides, before the final delivery, the copies of the message which has been carried by most of the nodes in the network are likely to be cleared out after custody transfer. Simulation results exhibit our proposed algorithm achieve a higher delivery ratio with lower overhead.


The current culture surrounding computer science is
quite narrow, resulting in a participating population that lacks
diversity in both gender and interests. The field of computational
textiles has shown promise as a domain for diversifying computer
science culture by drawing a population with broader, less
traditional interests and backgrounds into creating technology;
however, little effort has been made to build resources and
communities around computational textiles. This thesis presents a
curriculum that teaches computer science and computer programming
through a series of lessons for building and programming
computational textile projects, along with systematic
considerations that support the real-world implementation of such a
curriculum. In 2011-12, we conducted three workshops to evaluate
the impact of our curriculum methods and projects on students'
technological self-efficacy. As a result of data obtained from
these workshops, we conclude that working with our curriculum's
structured computational textile projects both draws a
gender-diverse population, and increases students' comfort with,
enjoyment of, and interest in working with electronics and
programming. Accordingly, we are transforming the curriculum into a
published book in order to provide educational resources to support
the development of a computer science culture around computational
textiles.


The report summarizes the status of two grants activities sponsored by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) in the area of transit fare collection. One grant was awarded to th Chicago Transit Authority to develop an improved magnetic card pass reader system (IL-06-0049)0. The other grant was awarded to the Illinois Central Gulf Railroad to develop an improved bill validator (IL-06-0052). The grants were parts of an UMTA fare collection program involving rail transit properties, equipment suppliers, and fare collection consultants to improve the effectiveness of fare collection systems that satisfy specific rail transit property needs.


The application of 3D GIS has enabled better representation and visualization of flood events than previous 2D maps. Flooding is common in the Terengganu basin. Flash floods occur most of the year during the monsoon season, which lasts from November to January. Flooding along riverbanks is mainly affected by heavy rainfalls of 2500mm to well over 3500mm per year. This has significant impacts on environmental resources such as land use/land cover, local soil types and slopes. The study area of Kuala Terengganu was particularly affected by heavy rains and flash floods during the monsoon season. ASTER DEM resolution 5m converted to ArcScene 10.3 using ArcGIS 10.3 and 3D software. In recent years, flood monitoring methods have been developed that can predict water flow and associated risks and hazards. 3D visualization techniques include remote sensing such as satellite imagery and geographic information systems "GIS". and LiDAR modeling


The disk body (1) is provided an outer circumferential portion of the rolling aperture (4). Each rolling element bore (4) having an arcuate outer edge (5). Each rolling body (2) comprises a groove (9) formed in its outer peripheral edge, along the entire circumference of the rolling groove (2) extends. The outer edge of each rolling aperture (4) (5) corresponding to the rolling elements (2) groove (9) engages, so that the rolling element (2) is loosely fitted in the rolling aperture (4). (2) are formed on both sides of the shaft (12a, 12b) in each roller. Shaft (12a, 12b) projecting from the center of the rolling element (2). Mounting an elastic ring (13a, 13b) on each shaft (12a, 12b). Annular guide plates (3a, 3b) are mounted on both sides of the disk body (1), so that the guide plate (3a, 3b) supporting the rolling element (2) of the shaft (12a, 12b).


This paper comprehensively reviews the developments in the education and labor markets in the Philippines in the past 25 years. It highlights the trends on how the labor market used educated workers. It also reviews how education has contributed to national development. Furthermore, it summarizes the recommendations of several comprehensive reviews done for the sector in the last decade. Finally, it identifies research areas for the sector.


This paper reports on evidence of high-quality and very fast 4H-SiC crystal growth achieved using a high-temperature gas source method. The formation of threading screw dislocations (TSDs) during crystal growth was examined by comparing synchrotron X-ray topography images taken for a seed and grown crystals, while the generation of a high density of new TSDs is observed under improper growth condition. High-quality crystal growth retaining the TSD density of the seed crystal was accomplished under an improved condition, even for a very high growth rate of 2.1 mm/h.


Objective: Explore the relationship between doctrine of five evolutive phases and six climatic factors and upper gastrointestinal bleeding(UGB).Methods: According to incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in past nearly 10 years,using doctrine of five evolutive phases and six climatic factors,observing the characteristics of disease peak,looking for the relationship between doctrine of five evolutive phases and six climatic factors and upper gastrointestinal bleeding(UGB).Results: ①The years for peak incidence of UGB is 'xiao ni'、'tian fu'.②Peak of six gas is the first and last climatic factors.Conclusion: ①The years for peak incidence of UGB is 'xiao ni'、'tian fu',which climate change violent.②The peak incidence of UGB is during the period of lower average temperature,large temperature difference,especially in the first and last climatic factors.


We analyze preferences over redistribution in societies with costly (positive) sorting according to income. We identify a new motivation for redistribution, where individuals support taxation in order to reduce the incentives to sort. We characterize a simple condition over income distributions which implies that even relatively rich voters—with income above the mean—will prefer full equality (and thus no sorting) to societies with costly sorting. We show that the condition is satisfied for relatively equal income distributions. We also relate the condition to several statistical properties which are satisfied by a large family of distribution functions.


In this article the relationship among professionalization of the tutor, professional performance and tutoral competence is established with the educational intention of a higher approach that is summarized on tutoral process model for the formation of general comprehensive professors for High School. Besides, some alternatives are given from educational practice a conrete reality adjustment that help the development of the tutoral compentence and the improvement of the professional performance of the pedagogical tutor.


A survey carried out by the author in the region ofPetra in 2003 has necessitated a re-examination of certain published Nabataean inscriptions. The following research aims to analyse five Nabataean inscriptions from the southern region of Jordan.


Alternating sequencing of styrene-maleimide/maleic anhydride (S-MI/MA) in the copolymer chain is known for a long time. But since early 2000, this class of copolymers has been extensively studied using various living/controlled polymerization techniques to design S-MI/MA alternating copolymers with tunable molecular weight, narrow dispersity (Ð), and precise chain-end functionality. The widespread diverse applications of this polymeric backbone are due to its ease of synthesis, cheap starting materials, high precision in alternating sequencing, and facile post-polymerization functionalization with simple organic reactions. Recently, S-MI/MA alternating copolymers have been rediscovered as novel polymers with unprecedented emissive behaviour. It outperforms the traditional fluorophores with no aggregation caused quenching (ACQ), aqueous solubility and greater cell viability. Herein, we have elaborately discussed the origin of alternating sequence, synthesis, and recent (2010-Present) developments in applications of these polymers in different fields, including the advantages of the unconventional luminogenic property. This review article also highlights the future research directions of the versatile S-MI/MA copolymers. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The late Ming Dynasty of China was famous for its prose,and is described as a tributary of prose development because it carries with the first promoted innovation thought and the literature scholars overflew literati feelings.It has the characteristics and connotation of the style of transcendence.The complex and varied literati feelings were put in a sketch,with the feature of real image,unique and interesting,which not only added the cultural connotation of the prose,but also greatly enriched the late Ming dynasty scholar's personality intellectual image.This paper explored the feelings of the scholars in the late Ming dynasty,especially its cause,and the effects on social progress and on economic growth,which is to of great significance to appreciate the ideological and artistic achievement at that time.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of using graphing calculators on students' understanding of the linear and quadratic function concepts. The populators of this study are tenth graders at high school in Seoul, one class for the treatment group and another class for the comparison group, and experiment period is 14 weeks including two weeks for school regular exams.Function tests used in the study was proposed which described a conceptual knowledge of functions in terms of the following components: a) Conceptual understanding, b) Interpreting a function in terms of a verbal experission, c) Translating between different representations of functions, and d) Mathematical modeling a real-world situation using functions. Even though the group test means of the individual components of conceptual understanding, interpreting, translating, mathematical modeling did not differ significantly, there is evidence that the two groups differed in their performance on conceptual understanding. It was shown that students learned algebra using graphing calculators view graphs more globally. The attitude survey assessed students' attitudes and perceptions about the value of mathematics, the usefulness of graphs in mathematics, mathematical confidence, mathematics anxiety, and their feelings about calculators. The overall t-test was not statistically significant, but the students in the treatment group showed significantly different levels of anxiety toward mathematics.


Traumatic aneurysms constitute a very small percentage of all intracranial aneurysms. A high mortality results of a catastrophic rupture and they run an unpredictable course. Traumatic aneurysms usually involve the large basal arteries or the middle meningeal arteries. We report a case of an association of a traumatic aneurysm with a congenital aneurysm located on the same middle cerebral artery. At our knowledge, it is the first described case of the literature.


The tumor is characterized by slow (for years) growth can reach large proportions. Perhaps recurrence, wherein the tumor metastasis does not.


Strategic human resources management (HRM) remains one of the most popular and rapidly growing areas of HRM research. In this article, we undertake a selective review of the strategic HRM literature with a particular emphasis on research from the North American context. After outlining the research landscape and areas of consensus and disagreement, we discuss several emerging issues that effective HRM systems must contend with in the future, including technological fluidity, workforce demographic changes and shifting worker values. With an eye toward future research opportunities, we also discuss the broadening of performance outcomes in strategic HRM research and highlight the importance of effectively managing HRM systems for multiple employee groups.


Background: Asthma management aims to improve control and reduce future risk of poor outcomes, including exacerbations. Inhaled fluticasone propionate/salmeterol (FP/SAL) is effective in achieving and maintaining control and reducing exacerbations. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of FP/SAL in achieving asthma control, defined as per symptom domain control levels in GINA 2016, and absence of exacerbations. Methods: A post hoc analysis of the GOAL study including 3416 patients in the intent-to-treat population. At randomisation, patients were stratified by prior medication: inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)-naive (Stratum [S1])/low-dose ICS (S2)/medium-dose ICS (S3), and assigned to receive FP/SAL or FP. Primary endpoint: proportion of patients that achieved well-controlled (WC) or partially-controlled (PC) asthma and no exacerbations; secondary endpoint: WC asthma and no exacerbations. Control was evaluated during the last 4 weeks of each dose titration step. Results: In all strata, more patients achieved WC/PC asthma with FP/SAL v FP: S1, 91% v 85% (p=0.003); S2, 86% v 82% (p=0.072); S3 76% v 66% (p Conclusion: A greater proportion of patients who entered the study with uncontrolled asthma achieved WC and PC asthma according to GINA 2016 criteria with FP/SAL than with FP alone. Funding: GSK (SAM40027)


1. Apparatus for wrapping stacks (1) film products (4, 5) comprising a film feed head (3) for feeding the first film selection (4) or the second film (5), fitting means (6) for processing by a first film ( 4) or a second film (5) on top of the stack (1) and the first margin (7) of the film for the first film (4) and the second margin of the film (8) to the second film (5), said head (3) takes the film has a drive roll (11), a first pair (12) of reverse rollers (14, 16) and a second pair (13) of reverse rollers (15, 17), wherein optionally either in contact with the drive roller (11) with intermediate inclusion of the first film (4) put the first pair (12) of reverse rollers (14, 16) and driven roller (11) and / or at least one return roller (14, 16) is adapted to drive the feed of the first film (4) either in contact with the drive roller (11) with intermediate inclusion of the second film (5) introduced a second pair (13) of reverse rollers (15, 17) and driven roller (11) and / or at least one return roller (15 17) is adapted to drive the feed for the second film (5). ! 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first film (4) and / or the second film (5) can be supplied in the form of a sleeve of a film. ! 3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, in which the feed tape head (3) comprises a separating device for separating the film from the first portion of the first film (4) or the second segment to separate the film from the second film (5), the separating device in a direction It is located behind the film feeding device (10) for actuating the motion of the film drive roller (11) and return rollers (14, 15, 16, 17). ! 4. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, in which the feed tape head (3) comprises a device for welding of


To solve no electricity in remote areas, a new type of power supply scheme is designed and a multi-function power cabinet and a energy-saving lighting are manufactured. Moreover they are applied in wang-an management office in Yellow river, This can not only supply enough power for it,but also save invest and energy, so it is very significant today.


A numerical simulation using the finite differential method was carried out to study the growth of Si0.02Ge 0.98 by the Traveling Solvent Method. In this analysis, the effect of crucible rotation on crystal/solution interface shape and Si concentration distribution were investigated. The results showed that the crucible rotation suppressed the natural convection in the solvent solution as the rotation rate was increased. Consequently, it was found that Si concentration distribution at the crystal/solution interface was affected by the rotation rate. Since the flow pattern was affected by the rotation, the silicon distribution at the solid/liquid interface was affected as well


The use of wireless sensor networks, the internet of things, and advanced technologies lead to new direction of research in the agriculture domain called prescriptive agriculture. Prescriptive agriculture is the enforcement of precision agriculture, which is observing, measuring, and responding to inter and intra field variability of farm field. In this chapter, the advent of wireless sensor network, APSim, and communication model spurred a new direction in the farming domain at optimizing irrigation. Sensors are programmed to collect the datasets of climatic parameters such as relative humidity and temperature, where the datasets were forwarded to the server through a GSM module. Datasets collected were analyzed through statistical software for grown crops by considering inter and intra farm field conditions. Finally, information on irrigation is decimated through an algorithm designed by way2SMS and WebHost server.


Matthew C. Weinzierl Thesis Advisors: Professor Aleh Tsyvinski (chair) Professor N. Gregory Mankiw Professor Caroline M. Hoxby Essays in Optimal Taxation This thesis consists of four essays that span a wide range of topics in, and perspectives on, the dominant modern framework for optimal taxation research. The rst analyzes a potential tax reform based on this framework: age-dependent taxation. Using modern dynamic optimal tax methods, I provide a comprehensive theoretical and quantitative examination of age dependence and compare it to two alternative policies: an age-independent policy and a dynamic optimal policy. Despite its simplicity, age dependence yields a large welfare gain equal to between one and three percent of aggregate annual consumption, and it captures a substantial portion of the gain from reform to the dynamic optimal policy. The second incorporates a factor into this framework that is generally neglected: preference heterogeneity. I avoid technical dif culties that arise with preference heterogeneity in general by focusing on a speci c but important class of


COVID-19 pandemic has created a prolonged impact globally and destructed the life all over the world. The necessary use of personal protective equipments, masks, gloves and other plastic products has to some extent reduced transmission of virus. However, the impact of plastic waste generated worldwide due to the pandemic has affected the environment globally. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has destructed and altered every part of life and environment globally. Potential impacts on the environment are seen due to the transmission of virus as well as a slowdown in economic activities as lockdown prevails. Increased biomedical waste, improper usage and disposal of surgical masks, disinfectants, gloves, and increasing plastics wastes from domestic households continuously endangers environment. Not only it has an impact on environment, but also deteriorates human health in the future. Global environmental sustainability is necessitated to overcome the plastic pollution problem and facilitate strategies to recycle and reuse plastics products. This review highlights the influence of COVID-19 on wastes generated by plastic products along with environmental challenges and repercussions. Also, measures to combat the plastic pollution problem have to be implemented for future protection and safety of the environment.


A method is discussed for estimating the state of a linear dynamic system using noisy observations, when the input to the dynamic system and the observation errors are completely unknown except for bounds on their magnitude or energy. The state estimate is actually a set in state space rather than a single vector. The optimum estimate is the smallest calculable set which contains the unknown system state, but it is usually impractical to calculate this set. A recursive algorithm is developed which calculates a time-varying ellipsoid in state space that always contains the system's true state. Unfortunately the algorithm is still unproven in the sense that its performance has not yet been evaluated. The algorithm is closely related in structure but not in performance to the algorithm obtained when the system inputs and observation errors are white Gaussian processes. The algorithm development is motivated by the problem of tracking an evasive target, but the results have wider applications.


The present dissertation studies the role of credit rating agencies and their influence that they had in the beginning of Greek economic crisis from the end of 2009 until today. More specifically, the dissertation focuses on the development of credit rating agencies in the global economy, the role and function of CRAs, their characteristics and the regulatory framework that exists in both the USA and the European Union (EU). Then, the research focuses on the international economic crisis, the expansion and operation of causes of CRAs and the role they played in international economic crises. Moreover, it presents the analytical framework of Complex Financial Crisis in Greece and the ratings of Greek economy from the CRAs with the effects that they have caused in Greek economy. Finally, there is a summary of the facts and the conclusions that obtained.


The present invention concerns a method of manufacturing a dental implant comprising: preparing an implant composed of a root portion and a crown portion and constituted by an inert biocompat ible material in a shape which is adapted to an extracted tooth; immersing the root portion of Said implant into a culture of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells in a culture medium the composition of which allows differentia tion into cementoblasts and fibroblasts, over a period which is Sufficient for said differentiation and for adhe Sion of cementoblasts to the root portion and the formation of a first layer of cementum and an alveo lodental ligament primordium attached to Said cemen tum; recovering the implant carrying differentiated tissues affixed to its root portion.


This paper investigates the optimization of the transmission radar pulse shape to maximize either target detection or identity discrimination between the T-72 and M1 tanks under conditions of aspect uncertainty. Significant performance improvements in detection and identification are obtained using optimized transmission waveforms over that of standard chirped pulses.


Purpose: The purpose of this study is to estimate the lifetime of commercial passenger vehicles shock absorber using degradation test and data. Method: The degradation factor of shock absorber was determined to be a damping force using FMEA. Degradation test was performed on damping force under real...


The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of agro-climate, technology of cultivation, harvest and post-harvest chrysanthemums. This study uses survey method, through the collection of primary data and secondary data. This research is located in the village of Pancasari, District Sukasada, Buleleng Bali Province. Descriptive survey conducted on 40 respondents chrysanthemum growers using the component identification of determinants of commodity production chrysanthemum include: site selection, infrastructure, crop production processes and post-harvest handling. The survey results showed that 100% of the farmers have chosen a suitable location with agro-climatic conditions required by the chrysanthemum plant, and 86.09% of the farmers have been using the means needed to support the process of crop production. In the process of production of 78% in accordance with the operational procedures. At the stage of harvest and post-harvest handling 80% have been implemented by farmers and some still use conventional methods of handling. Thus Pancasari village has a potential location for the cultivation of chrysanthemum as a mainstay commodity.


The present invention relates to a catalyst composition for ethylene polymerization or copolymerization. Said composition contains at least one compound selected from organic alcohol compounds which are shown by general formula ROH, where R is linear or branched alkyl group and aralkyl group, which is loaded on a magnesium/titanium containing composite. When said catalyst composition is used for catalyzing ethylene polymerization, it has good hydrogen regulation sensitivity, and has the characteristics of higher catalytic activity under the condition of high hydrogen gas fractional pressure or low hydrogen gas fractional pressure, and when it is used for utilizing slurry process or gas phase process to make ethylene polymerization reaction, it can obtain the polymer with higher catalytic activity and good granule form, so that it is more applicable to preparation of polyethylene resin.


Objective:To review the treatment effect for the congestive heart-failure concurrent hyponatremia with Jiaweishengmaiyin.Methods:84 cases sicked with the congestive concurrent hyponatremia were divided into two groups randomly:the treatment group and the contrast group.The 42 cases of the treatment group were cured mainly with Jiaweishengmaiyin;the 42 cases of another group were cured only by the western medicine.Results:the patients of treatment group has obtained a better effect than the patients of contrast groupe on control the heart-failure and prove the hyponatremia and the prognosis for the disease(P0.05).Conclusions:Treatment with Chinese herbs has been a better value for the congestive heart-failure concurrent hyponatremia.


The invention relates to a header shell-and-tube water-storage heating-air multi-tube heat conduction heat exchanger and a manufacture process for the same. The heat exchanger comprises more than two cold water round tubes, and a header is communicated with each of two ends of the cold water round tubes. Each of the headers comprises a header inside pore plate, a header outside pore plate and a header end cover plate. Heating air round tubes or combined heating air round tubes are arranged in each of the cold water round tubes, and the heating air round tubes and/or the combined heating air round tubes are communicated. The combined heating air round tubes and/or the heating air round tubes are arranged in part or all of cavities of the cold water round tubes. A heating air inlet joint and a heating air outlet joint are welded and communicated with the hot fluid inlet ends and the outlet ends of the heating air round tubes and/or the combined heating air round tubes. A cold water inlet joint and a cold water outlet joint are communicated with and perform circulation with inner cavities of the headers. According to the heat exchanger and the manufacture process for the same, the structure is reasonable, the pore plates do not deform despite of thermal expansion and cold shrinkage of the headers, the welded joints are water-tight, the heat transfer area in the cold water tube cavities and the headers is increased by 45% to 100%, the heat energy utilization rate is improved, the heat conduction velocity is increased, hot water output by the heat exchanger is continuous, and the hot water flow required during bathing is satisfied.


An adjustable wrench has a fixed jaw at its head. A movable jaw is adapted on a slide glidably accommodated in the wrench head, the slide being positionable in optional positions by means of an adjusting screw or other device. The slide has a web in the form of a substantially planar plate running in a slot in the wrench head. A slide rod is in engagement with grooves in the side walls of the slot. The web has an elongate opening and the slide rod constitutes a separate rod, which is inserted in the elongate opening such that it has lateral play.


Takes a look at the advantages and disadvantages of moving into new or existing premises and the points to bear in mind, particularly with regard to saving energy. The use of atria and sun‐spaces to take advantage of solar gain is posited, but with caution to lessen energy consumption. Explores various other points and makes recommendations.


AbstractIn this study, three solid-phase iron sources—FeS, FeCO3, and sponge iron—were used to investigate the autotrophic denitrification efficiency in low-carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) wastewater. Amo...


This study analyzes the seasonal variation in surface air temperature (Tar) in Antarctica, and its relationship with the modes of climate variability, namely El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Antarctic Oscillation (AO). The results indicate that during the 4 seasonal periods the Tar in the stations located in the eastern sector of Antarctica showed significant negative correlations (at 1% significance level on most stations) with AO. However, the only seasonal period in which the continental sector (Amundsen-Scott, Dome C), showed strong negative correlation with the AO was in winter (at 1%). Positive correlations were found (ranging from 1% to 5%) between the Tar values at the Antarctic Peninsula and South Shetland with AO for autumn, winter and spring. These results demonstrate the influence that AO exerts on the climatology of the Tar in Antarctica. It is important to note a dipole between eastern regions of Antarctica and the Antarctic Peninsula concerning the influences of AO. The ENSO mode presented significant negative correlation with the three stations at the Antarctic Peninsula only during the spring, while for the station Rothera, at the West sector the correlation was also significant for the autumn and winter. The correlation between ENSO and Tar was positive and significant in the Ross Sea sector during the spring, and with the eastern sector of Antarctica during the summer, with significance level reaching 5%.


The collapse pressure of lead stearate(PbSt2)monolayer on the surface of 10 ̄(-3)mol/L PbCl2 solution(aq) is only 36 mN/m.And higher residual PbCl2 concentration was found within the PbSt2 LB films deposited on this subphase.However,the LB films with an acceptable composition and higher collapse pressure(about 60 Nm/m) was observed in the case of a lower PBCl2 concentration(5×10 ̄(-4)mol/L).Pure Y-type transfer form for PbSt_2 LB films was observed on the subphase with a lower PbCl_2 concentration by the use of a faster dipping speed(10 cm/min).By X-ray diffraction measurements,it was determined that the pure Y-type PbSt2 LB films possess a certain layer mumber which is same to the value recorded during the deposition period.


Demand for higher bandwidth DRAM continues to increase, especially in high-performance computing and graphics applications. However, conventional DRAM devices such as DDR4 DIMM and GDDR5 cannot satisfy these needs since they are bandwidth limited to less than 30GB/s. Also, if multiple GDDR DRAMs are used simultaneously for higher bandwidth, then high power consumption and routing congestion on PCBs become a big concern. In order to overcome these limitations, the high-bandwidth memory (HBM) DRAM was recently introduced[1]. HBM-DRAM uses TSV and interposer technologies enabling multiple chip stacks and wide I/Os between the processor and memory: providing high capacity, low power and high bandwidth. This paper proposes the 2nd generation HBM to double the bandwidth from 128GB/s to more than 256GB/s and support pseudo-channel mode and 8H stacks [2]. In the pseudo-channel mode, a legacy channel is divided into two pseudo channels and the two pseudo channels share the command-address pins. Thus, one HBM has 16 pseudo channels instead of 8 legacy channels. To support various stack configurations including 8H stacks, a new architecture is adopted for flexible density ranging from 16Gb to 64Gb maintaining the same bandwidth. Finally, the bandwidth increase requires an active thermal solution to manage hotspots that develop from highly concentrated power consumption; we propose an adaptive refresh considering temperature distribution (ART) scheme as a solution.


The lawsuits that the survivors and families of the victims of the 9/11 terrorist attacks filed against Saudi Arabia and other foreign defendants have brought to the fore a controversial issue: whether the international law of state immunity can be infringed to ensure accountability for the most serious assaults on fundamental values of the international community. This paper focuses on this and other cases of denial of foreign state immunity before U.S. courts and purports to investigate whether the assertion of jurisdiction in these instances can be considered a justified response to prior internationally wrongful acts.
The first part of the paper examines a number of U.S. judgments denying state immunity pursuant to certain exceptions under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act: the Anti-Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act, the 'international taking' exception, the territorial tort exception, implied waiver, and the Justice Against Sponsors of Terrorism Act. This analysis concludes that the assertion of jurisdiction in these cases cannot be considered lawful in the light of the existing rules of state immunity under international law. The paper highlights however that these cases are premised on the existence of prior wrongful acts on part of the state whose immunity is denied.
The second part assesses whether these prima facie unlawful assertions of jurisdiction can be justified as countermeasures under the international law of state responsibility. By distinguishing according to the organs that participate in the adoption of these potential countermeasures, three categories are identified: executive, judicial, and mixed countermeasures. Following some considerations on the compatibility of the rules of state immunity with the countermeasure mechanism, the paper shows that neither the law of state immunity nor the law of state responsibility contain any limitation in this respect.
Finally, this paper evaluates how domestic courts can comply with the procedural and substantive requirements for the adoption of lawful countermeasures in the form of non-recognition of sate immunity. It concludes with some reflection on the prospective legality of the Justice Against Sponsors of Terrorism Act (JASTA).


Life styles have become an increasing area of interest recently among advertising and marketing executives and researchers. Noting that who you are and how you live affects what you consume, researchers have segmented markets for soft drinks, tobacco and automobiles according to the ^''patterns in which people live and spend time and money."^ According to Wells and Cosmas, this perspective represents a major step forward in understanding, explaining and predicting consumer attitudes.^ Consumers use products to satisfy differing needs and desires, and life style or ''psychographic'' pictures of consumers ''add a detailed, 'humanized' portrait of the consumer" that are ''an interesting and useful increment to the standard demographic profile.''^ Thus manufacturers of products are better able to gauge how their goods are used by consumers. The concept of life style is a major force in current consumer behavior theory. Berkman and Gilson point out that life style is an "organizational concept for understanding many of the determinants and processes" of consumer behavior/ Its usefulness and popularity in market research is due, in large part, to its organizing power: psychographic research draws a variety of analyses and disciplines together by focusing on the "why" in consumer behavior. Schweitzer, among others, has urged newspaper researchers and marketing executives to use life style measures to study readership patterns.-̂ He points out that circulation is not keeping pace with the growth in housing units, and that traditional research has done little to increase


Abstract : Organizational psychologists have long been concerned with levels of satisfaction among workers. Most of the research in this area has been done with employees in lower level jobs and has assumed that high levels of satisfaction are related to increased levels of production. The rationale has been that a satisfied worker will produce more. Most studies concerned with job satisfaction, therefore, usually have an implicit goal of establishing relationships between satisfaction, and either absenteeism or employee turnover rate. Little research has been conducted to investigate the work satisfaction of high-level employees or service-oriented professionals. This is especially true of those employees working in the dental care field. Such research is deemed very appropriate now, especially with rapidly increasing numbers of professionals and para-professionals that comprise the complex of health manpower. This phenomenon, along with the rapid growth of technology and obvious organizational changes, has changed the way in which health professionals interact. In light of the above, the decision was made to conduct descriptive research to determine the work related attitudes of employee groups within the health care arena. (SDW)


In this study, a series of comparative studies for the effect of potassium acetate(KAc) on the physical properties of the Longyan Clay were performed. Microwave was used to promote the intercalating process. The d-spacing increased with the increasing adding amount. As the addition of KAc reached 20wt.%, the d-spacing of illite[002] increased from 9.9505A to 10.1311 A, the kaolinite[001] increased from 7.1439A to 7.2251 A, and a new diffraction peak emerge at the 2θ of 6.181° corresponding to d-spacing of 14.286 A. The consequence of XRD, showed that the crystalline structure of was significantly altered by grinding. Meanwhile, the variations of particle size and surface characteristics were also investigated using SEM analysis.


1. Disease progression of untreated HER-2 positive disease (baseline disease free survival and overall survival curves) The CUA model has been amended to better reflect the base epidemiology of HER2 positive breast cancer. 10-year follow-up registry and adjuvant chemotherapy trial data indicate improved prognosis in patients with HER-2 positive disease not treated with trastuzumab (i.e. baseline standard care) than assumed in previous PHARMAC CUAs. Modelling integrates the new 10-year patterns with overall 23 year median survival data from the clinical trials to derive new baseline overall survival curves.