THE TWO LEAD BOOK REVIEWS in the December 1982 issue of the Canadian Historical Review dealt with matters of pressing concern to the historical profession in this country. One, by R. Craig Brown, looked at the dismal job prospects for PHDS in the humanities; the other, by Desmond Morton, reviewed a book on Freedom of Information legislation and made the point, by now common to us all, that what is FOI for some seems more like denial of information to others, expecially historians. Ten years ago, such concerns eemed far removed. There were jobs in an expanding market for our graduate students and our undergraduates could reasonably count on finding work teaching, in the public service, and in business. Government was relatively benign in its attitude to academe, the Canada Council and SSHRCC were virtually independent, and research in history proceeded wherever the scholar wished it to go. But now matters have changed, and not simply because of a declining job market and FoI. In the last few years the federal government has begun to press granting agencies and their clientele in the direction of group research and toward topics and areas of 'strategic oncern.' The CHA and other Learned Societies fought long and hard and with some success against this heavy-handed intrusion into scholarly research. There are now rumblings about changes in copyright legislation that may have serious implications for historians and researchers. The declining state of the publishing industry threatens our ability to bring our findings to scholarly audiences, to say nothing of a wider public, and the recent proposals by a SSHR1⁄21⁄2 committee on aid to scholarly journals threaten the survival of many publications we now take for granted unless they are innovative, which to the committee seems to mean printed on microfiche. In other


EXON, F. C. A.-PUNCH, K. F.: The self-sufficient library collection: a test of assumptions. = Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 48. kot. 1.sz. 1997. p. 11-16.


It is important that psychosocial interventions that have been shown to be effective in changing risky behavior be disseminated, so that they can be replicated and their effectiveness evaluated in a new setting. This article describes an innovative method for promoting the dissemination of evidence-based practice through replication kits. Three problem-focused collections of promising prevention programs, the Program Archive on Sexuality, Health and Adolescence, the HIV/AIDS Prevention Program Archive, and the Youth Substance Abuse Prevention Program Archive, are used to illustrate this technique for improving information exchange between social work research and practice. The productive research-to-practice feedback loop described in this article can be generalized to any other content area for which standard intervention protocols or curricula have been or could be developed.


The reasons for the population decline of the marsupial the Eastern Barred Bandicoot, Perameles gunnii, in Tasmania, and the probable role of their susceptibility to protozoan diseases such as Toxoplasma gondii remain elusive. The pathological hallmarks of the disease have been extensively investigated in other animal species and although some species are more vulnerable to toxoplasmosis than others, the reason for marsupial vulnerability remains to be fully defined.
This thesis has sought to address these and other factors that might be associated with the relationship between the marsupial, its microbial and parasitic diseases, ecological surroundings and immune system. Secondly, it was essential to examine the current disease status of P. gunnii in relation to its zoonotic potential in the Tasmanian setting. Finally, it was necessary to attempt to investigate the immunological status of this animal.
The major conclusions from these investigations were that P. gunnii is extremely susceptible to even low doses of T. gondii oocysts. The development of clinical disease is rapid, with high morbidity and mortality. The species appears to be susceptible to other Apicomplexan species including Hepatozoon sp., and the flagellate Giardia. The close association of P. gunnii with humans and the infringement of humans into their habitat makes this marsupial vulnerable to trauma, predation, shelter and food deprivation, and exacerbation of current parasitic and microbial diseases. In summary, this study further clarifies the
relationship between humans, P. gunnii and parasite and the possible zoonotic potential that exists within Tasmania.


Working human resources are considered the basis of nations' advancements. They assist in achieving success of societal development in a changing context which requires a competitive performance and high quality in higher education. Since there is an increase in individuals' numbers engaging in higher education institutions and programs, higher education has to develop individuals' skills and create new specialties which corresponds to recent requirements. Accordingly, this will create a new workforce that has the necessary efficiencies and experiences (9: 6,15).


With the humongous amount of texts and written media available today it has been increasingly necessary to make these available to people from all walks of life specially catering to the visually impaired people, thus devising a system which can assist in this task is of prime importance. The proposed device aims to solve this predicament by using Raspberry Pi module B+ to convert printed and hand written into easily accessible playable speech. It also stores speech which can be replayed at a time deemed suitable. The main focus of this paper is to develop a smart reader system which coverts hand written and printed text to speech. It has been observed that the scanned texts were converted into easily audible speech heard via the speaker with high efficiency.


The problem of surface vibrations and stability of a hydrodynamic charged column located in an external magnetic field is considered. The investigation is an extension of the well known work of Kruskal -Schwarzchild and Taylor on the stability of an uncharged hydrodynamic column. A dispersion equation for surface waves is found, and various consequences relating to the vibration spectrum are analyzed. From the experimental standpoint these results may be useful for elucidation of the nature of radiation from a plasma in a magnetic field, a problem which still awaits its final solution. (tr-auth),


Using data from the Workplace Industrial Relations Surveys of 1980, 1984, and 1990, the authors investigate processes of job creation and job destruction in Britain. They find that rates of employment growth, job creation, and job destruction were higher at the end of the 1980s than at the beginning. Both job creation and job destruction were extremely concentrated: about 50% of each was accounted for by just 4% of continuing establishments. Employment growth was apparently more variable in manufacturing plants than in private service sector workplaces. Some variables negatively related to employment growth were unionization, establishment size, establishment age, and location in the private manufacturing sector (versus private service sector).


Diverse bivalve faunules in the Upper Mississippian (Chesterian) Bluestone and Hinton Formations in southern West Virginia and southwestern Virginia contain 49 species representing 29 genera. Of these, six new species are proposed: Ptychopteria pusilla, Streblochondria mutata, Streblopteria girtyi, Ectogrammysia inaffecta, E. prolata, and Cardiomorpha obovata. The Hinton and Bluestone Formations fall into Mamet's Foraminiferal Zones 18 and 19, respectively.


The inhabitants in Melanesia which contains the largest island of the tropics, New Guinea, and other larger ones than those in Polynesia and Micronesia, seem more active for agricultural production than in the other regions mentioned above. When we analyze the structure of the agricultural system in Melanesia, it is convenient, just as in the cases of most developing countries in the tropics, to divide it into two sectors, i. e., commercial agriculture and subsistence production. Most of the researchers engaged in the various aspects of subsistence agriculture in Melanesia, which is very often called horticulture conventionally by Westerners, agree on the view that the staple foods of the majority of the inhabitants there have been Colocasia taros and yams since very old limes. In some areas, however, the people have been ingesting mostly sago starch or bananas including plantains. Besides these crops, other fruits, such as coconuts and bread fruits, have also been very frequently consumed by Melanesians as well as Polynesians and Micronesians. Talking about the present situation of subsistence agriculture or horticulture in many regions of Melanesia, we cannot disregard the great and growing importance of sweet potato and cassava as the inhabitants' basic sources of food energy. Of these two crops, in some regions, the former has been maintaining the position of staple food from an old or relatively recent time. For example, according to the popular view, more than 300 years have already elapsed since the primary food in the New Guinean Highlands changed from taros and/or yams to sweet potatoes. The data on the basis of FAO sources in the first half of the 1980's elucidated that the leading country for the per capita production of sweet potatoes (193 kg/year) was the Solomon Islands. In that country, however, it was not a very ancient date but around 1960 that sweet potato was considered to become the crop for the staple food of most people there. This is endorsed by many reports having been published since the 1950's. The major and direct reason for the change of the primary crop in the Solomon Islands was the spread, throughout that country, of pathogenic blight-producing fungi and of a beetle pest both of which are specific to taros. In addition to this direct reason, however, the following circumstances are considered to have certainly related to the preceding change: ... Summarizing these respects stated above, sweet potatoes are surely superior to taros or yams concerning labor productivity and security in the sense that the farmers rarely lack their subsistence requirements. This is probably the prime reason why the cultivation of sweet potatoes has become immensely and widely popular in the Solomon Islands from the 1950's. The change of the staple food of the inhabitants there needed a trigger such as the spread of pest and blight but was, however, basically due to changes of social circumstances.


To meet the challenge of precise nanoscale arrangement of emitter and plasmonic nanoantenna, synthesis and assembly methods continue to evolve in accuracy and reproducibility. This article reviews some of the many strategies being developed for "soft" chemical approaches to precision integration and assembly. We also discuss investigations of the Purcell effect, emission directionality control, and near-unity collection efficiency of photons, emitter–emitter coupling, and higher-order emission processes that have been most deeply explored using individual-emitter– (or several-emitter–) nanoantenna pairs fabricated using traditional lithographic methods or dynamically and controllably manipulated using scanning probe methods. Importantly, these results along with theoretical analyses inspire and motivate continued advancements in large-scale synthesis and assembly. We emphasize assembly approaches that have been used to create nanosemiconductor–nanometal hybrids and, in particular, those that have afforded specific plasmonic effects on excitonic properties. We also review direct-synthesis and chemical-linker strategies to creating discrete, though less spatially extended, semiconductor–metal interactions.


An online two-dimensional changepoint detection algorithm for sensor-based fault detection is proposed. The methodology consists of a differential detector, which looks for characteristics across datasets at a particular instant, and a standard detector, which when combined can identify anomalies and meaningful changepoints while maintaining low rates of false-alarm generation. A key aspect of changepoint detection methodologies is the setting of relevant thresholds, which are typically based on empirical trial and error. Here, a statistical methodology is adopted, which provides the engineer with a tradeoff between correct detection and false-alarm rates, thereby informing decision making at the design stage. The efficacy of the techniques is demonstrated through application to two industry case studies of fault detection on industrial gas turbines, and are shown to readily provide an early warning indicator of impending failures.


In 2002, I attended a lecture by Ursula Franklin (Figure 1), a phys‐ icist, pacifist, Holocaust survivor and the recipient of nearly every honor that Canada has to offer. Franklin was 81 years old at the time. She began her lecture with a story about her early research career. In the 1960s, Franklin had been hired by a mining company to de‐ velop a new alloy of stainless copper. Her new alloy held up well in field exposure trials in Montreal, but after a year in Birmingham it "looked like it had chicken pox". When the mining company offered Franklin more money to develop a better alloy, she replied, "No way. You don't need better alloys; what you need is better air". Franklin's exhortation to the audience was to "treasure different eyes and dif‐ ferent questions" (Franklin, 2014a). That lecture has stuck with me over the years. Each time I find an unexpected result, which happens quite often, I try to see things with different eyes. Franklin also said that sometimes a field of research gets so stuck in one line of thought that it becomes almost impossible to ask cer‐ tain questions. She called these "non‐questions": "those things that seem so self‐evident, so secure, so unchallenged as not to need to be coped with. When such issues are raised, those encapsulated in the establishment of a particular culture and thought process find it difficult even to acknowledge a question has been asked" (Franklin, 2014b). For researchers encapsulated in the culture of conservation bi‐ ology, the assertion that habitat fragmentation is bad for wildlife species seems self‐evident and secure. Thus, questions such as, "Is habitat fragmentation a big problem for wildlife species?" or, "Are the effects of habitat fragmentation generally negative or positive?" seem frankly absurd. They are non‐questions. In this essay, I provide a history of habitat fragmentation re‐ search, I describe why these non‐questions are important, I outline my role in tackling them, I discuss reasons why the fragmentation re‐ search culture remains largely incapable of changing, and I speculate on the future of habitat fragmentation research. Received: 19 July 2018 | Accepted: 13 August 2018 DOI: 10.1111/geb.12839


Paα and Paβ spectra have been obtained of IRAS 23060+0505, an infrared luminous galaxy at z = 0.173 with a Seyfert 2 optical spectrum. The line widths are greater at longer wavelengths. The FWHMs of Paβ and Paα are 1200 and 2050 km/s, respectively. The broad wing of Paα extends to at least 5000 km/s (FWZI). Paα is clearly dominated by the broad component. The upper limit to the narrow-line extinction and the lower limit to the broad-line extinction are obtained. It is argued that the broad line extinction, through the reduction of the UV light from the central continuum source into the NLR, affects both the optical spectral appearance and the temperature distribution of the infrared thermal emission.


In transhiatal blunt esophagectomy there is surprisingly little bleeding if no adjacent great vessels arc torn. This prompted an investigation by new injection techniques and corrosion on the human esophageal vasculature three-dimcnsionally. The three main arterial sources were confirmed: the superior thyroid artery, bronchial arteries at the level of the carina, and the left gastric and splenic artery. Two facts became obvious that were not appreciated hitherto. All major vascular trees divide into minute branches at some distance from the esophagus. Those branches go on to form a dense submucosal interconnected network. It appears that such small extraesophageal branches, when torn, will have the benefit of contractile hemostasis. Previous claims made that essential nutritional vessels arise from intercostal phrenic arteries or the aorta directly could not be confirmed. These findings would confirm blunt esophagectomy for tumors within the wall of the organ as a relatively safe procedure in terms of bleeding hazards.


Preface Introduction Still Struggling Calling All Dads Varsity Jackets and Letter Sweaters Turf Wars Showtime Basketball Nomads The Professional Dilemma The Last Male Bastion Where Do We Go from Here? Selected Bibliography


In 1994, Australian people are becoming optimistic about the future after five years of pessimism. The way people view their personal and working futures is a reflection of both their experience and of the way they naturally think. In the 1980s – the decade of downsizing – organisations did not have much room for lateral thinkers. Vision vanished from our enterprises along with a concern for the long term, and there was very little commitment to research and development and to organisational learning. Much of the capacity to adapt, innovate and change went too. Now the pendulum is swinging back the other way. Vision is coming back.


The two ma jor as pects of fo ren sic tox i col ogy are: fo ren sic drug and al co hol screen ing and in ter pre ta tion, and post-mor tem in ves ti ga tions. The im por tant is sues in fo ren sic drug screen ing are ac ces si bil ity of bi o log i cal sam ples and the avail abil ity of sen si tive and spe cific an a lyt i cal meth ods for ac cu rate de tec tion, iden ti fi ca tion and quan ti fi ca tion of spe cific chem i cal com pounds. Al though blood is the most com mon bi o log i cal sam ple col lected in clin i cal set tings, its use in fo ren sic drug screen ing is lim ited. Com monly, urine is pre ferred be cause higher drug con cen tra tions are de tect able in urine. A lim i ta tion of urine col lec tion is that the sam ple may not be di rectly ob served to be col lected from a par tic u lar in di vid ual. Fo ren sic drug screen ing has been per formed us ing a va ri ety of tis sues, in clud ing hair, nails, sweat, sa liva and breath and meconium. The pri mary goal of drug screen ing is to iden tify bi o log i cal sam ples that con tain spe cific drugs un der in ves ti ga tion and to rap idly screen out sam ples that do not con tain the drug. Sen si tiv ity of the an a lyt i cal tech nique is an im por tant is sue since chem i cals may be pres ent in trace amounts in bi o log i cal spec i mens. Im prove ments in the sen si tiv ity and spec i fic ity of an a lyt i cal tech niques have been achieved by com bin ing chro mato graphic meth ods, in or der to ef fect sep a ra tions of com pounds of in ter est from bi o log i cal ma tri ces, with microplate en zyme immunoassays or mass spec trom e try. Con fir ma tion (ver i fi ca tion) anal y sis is a crit i cal phase of the screen ing pro cess. It pro vides an in creased level of as sur ance that a false pos i tive re sult has not been ob tained in the ini tial screen ing phase. GC-MS is a com monly used con fir ma tory tech nique as it is spe cific for par tic u lar com pounds and is quan ti ta tively ac cu rate and pre cise at low con cen tra tions. The knowl edge of xenobiotic's route of ad min is tra tion, me tab o lism, tis sue dis tri bu tion, bi o log i cal half live, bi o log i cal mark ers of ex po sure, play an im por tant role in se lec tion of the most ap pro pri ate spec i men for anal y sis and the choice of the most sen si tive and spe cific an a lyt i cal method. Sta bil ity of drugs in bi o log i cal spec i mens is ex tremely im por tant in fo ren sic tox i col ogy and should be al ways se ri ously con sid ered when fo ren sic sam ples are be ing col lected. Post-mor tem fo ren sic in ves ti ga tions are per formed on sus pi cion of drug over dose with ei ther il licit or pre scrip tion drugs, and in cases of sui cide or ho mi cide due to poi son ing with a va ri ety of toxic sub stances. Drug and/or al co hol lev els in death cases can be a ma jor fac tor in help ing de ter mine cause and the culpabilities of par tic i pants in both crim i nal and civil le gal pro ceed ings. The tim ing of spec i men col lec tion is an im por tant, al though of ten un known, fac tor be cause it is a de ter mi nant of drug sta bil ity, the ex tent of tis sue de com po si tion, and the ex tent of drug re dis tri bu tion. Post-mor tem blood drug con cen tra tions may not re flect ante-mor tem drug con cen tra tions due to the phe nom e non of drug re dis tri bu tion. More over, un ab sorbed drug in the gas tro in tes ti nal tract and drug-rich tis sues, par tic u larly the liver and lungs, con sti tute res er voirs from which drugs may be re leased post-mor tem. The other prob lems con nected with the anal y sis of post-mor tem sam ples are drug sta bil ity and se lec tion of the ap pro pri ate sam ple for anal y sis.


Significance The coastal Southern Ocean is a critical climate system component and home to high rates of photosynthesis. Here we show that cobalamin (vitamin B12) and iron availability can simultaneously limit phytoplankton growth in late Austral summer coastal Antarctic sea ice edge communities. Unlike other growth-limiting nutrients, the sole cobalamin source is production by bacteria and archaea. By identifying microbial gene expression changes in response to altered micronutrient availability, we describe the molecular underpinnings of limitation by both cobalamin and iron and offer evidence that this limitation is driven by multiple delicately balanced phytoplankton–bacterial interactions. These results support a growing body of research suggesting that relationships between bacteria and phytoplankton are key to understanding controls on marine primary productivity. Southern Ocean primary productivity plays a key role in global ocean biogeochemistry and climate. At the Southern Ocean sea ice edge in coastal McMurdo Sound, we observed simultaneous cobalamin and iron limitation of surface water phytoplankton communities in late Austral summer. Cobalamin is produced only by bacteria and archaea, suggesting phytoplankton–bacterial interactions must play a role in this limitation. To characterize these interactions and investigate the molecular basis of multiple nutrient limitation, we examined transitions in global gene expression over short time scales, induced by shifts in micronutrient availability. Diatoms, the dominant primary producers, exhibited transcriptional patterns indicative of co-occurring iron and cobalamin deprivation. The major contributor to cobalamin biosynthesis gene expression was a gammaproteobacterial population, Oceanospirillaceae ASP10-02a. This group also contributed significantly to metagenomic cobalamin biosynthesis gene abundance throughout Southern Ocean surface waters. Oceanospirillaceae ASP10-02a displayed elevated expression of organic matter acquisition and cell surface attachment-related genes, consistent with a mutualistic relationship in which they are dependent on phytoplankton growth to fuel cobalamin production. Separate bacterial groups, including Methylophaga, appeared to rely on phytoplankton for carbon and energy sources, but displayed gene expression patterns consistent with iron and cobalamin deprivation. This suggests they also compete with phytoplankton and are important cobalamin consumers. Expression patterns of siderophore- related genes offer evidence for bacterial influences on iron availability as well. The nature and degree of this episodic colimitation appear to be mediated by a series of phytoplankton–bacterial interactions in both positive and negative feedback loops.


The biaxial fatigue crack growth behavior of commercial pure titanium TA2 of cruciform specimens with different crack inclination angles (β = 90°, 60°, 45°) under various biaxial load ratios (λ = 0, 0.5, 1) and different stress ratios (R = 0, 0.1, 0.3) is studied by an IPBF-5000 biaxial testing machine. The test results prove that the maximum tangential stress criterion is suitable for predicting the initiation angle of uniaxial and biaxial mixed-mode I–II fatigue cracks. The fatigue crack growth rate of a cruciform specimen with mode I and mixed-mode I–II cracks decreases with the increase of biaxial load ratio and increases with the stress ratio. The Walker model and Kujawski model have better compression effects on fatigue crack growth data than the Paris model.


The invention discloses a separation technology for a product containing antibacterial peptide. The separation technology comprises the following specific steps: (1) centrifuging fermentation liquor containing the antibacterial peptide product by a disk centrifuge, keeping the revolving speed at 6500-7000 rpm and the separation factor at 1:10 to 1:15; (2) feeding the filtrate in the step (1) to a double-effect evaporator to obtain a solution with a solid content of 15-25%, adding a carrier wheat bran in the filtered out bacteria and a large-particle culture medium to prepare a byproduct feed additive; (3) conducting spray drying to the solution containing the antibacterial peptide product in the step (2) to obtain the antibacterial peptide product. The invention aims to provide the separation technology for the product containing the antibacterial peptide which is low in investment, easy to clean, high in yield, and suitable for industrial large-scale production.


The invention discloses antibacterial moisture-transfer chinlon 6 comprising antibacterial master batches, polyamide 6 chips and calcium stearate, wherein the weight ratio of the antibacterial master batches to the polyamide 6 chips to the calcium stearate is (7-10) to (95-100) to (0.1-0.3). The antibacterial moisture-transfer chinlon 6 provided by the invention adopts nano porous bergmeal to carry cuprous oxide and has the characteristic of high copper ion carrying capacity, thereby not only saving the production cost and reducing the content of inorganic particles in melt, but also improving the stability of the spinning process; the antibacterial moisture-transfer chinlon 6 is scientific and reasonable in component proportion and can resist various bacteria, thereby having the advantages that the antibacterial range is high and the antibacterial ratio is above 99 the antibacterial moisture-transfer chinlon 6 has excellent moisture absorption and sweat discharging functions and a wide application range; and the operability of a preparation method is strong, the process is reasonable, the production efficiency is high, and industrialized production can be realized.


When screening for rare diseases in large populations, conducting individual tests can be expensive and time-consuming. In group testing, individuals are pooled and tested together. If a group is tested negative, then all individuals in that group are declared negative. Otherwise, it is concluded that at least one individual in that group is positive. Group testing can be used to classify the individuals with respect to their disease status, to estimate the prevalence in the target population, or to conduct a hypothesis test on the unknown prevalence. In this work, we consider both the case when the population is not stratified and when it is stratified, the latter leading to multiple test problems. We define single- and two-stage randomized p -values for a model pertaining to the proportion of positive individuals in binomial distribution and in group testing. Randomized p -values are less conservative compared to non-randomized p -values under the null hypothesis, but they are stochastically not smaller under the alternative. We show that the proposed p -values are valid in the binomial model. Testing individuals in pools for a fixed number of tests improves the power of the tests based on the p -values. The power of the tests based on randomized p -values as a function of the sample size is also investigated. Simulations and real data analysis are used to compare and analyze the different considered p -values.


Domain shift has been a long-standing issue for medical image segmentation. Recently, unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) methods have achieved promising cross-modality segmentation performance by distilling knowledge from a label-rich source domain to a target domain without labels. In this work, we propose a multi-scale self-ensembling based UDA framework for automatic segmentation of two key brain structures i.e., Vestibular Schwannoma (VS) and Cochlea on high-resolution T2 images. First, a segmentation-enhanced contrastive unpaired image translation module is designed for image-level domain adaptation from source T1 to target T2. Next, multi-scale deep supervision and consistency regularization are introduced to a mean teacher network for self-ensemble learning to further close the domain gap. Furthermore, self-training and intensity augmentation techniques are utilized to mitigate label scarcity and boost cross-modality segmentation performance. Our method demonstrates promising segmentation performance with a mean Dice score of 83.8% and 81.4% and an average asymmetric surface distance (ASSD) of 0.55 mm and 0.26 mm for the VS and Cochlea, respectively in the validation phase of the crossMoDA 2022 challenge.


The purpose of this presentation is to introduce a hardware-based mixing console architecture for telematic applications that integrates key features germane to distributed performance and remote recording. The current practice in state of the art telematic performance uses simple software-based interconnection with complex routing schemes and offers minimal flexibility or control over key parameters necessary to achieve a professional workflow. In addition to all customary features, the console will have surround panning capability for both the motorized binaural manikin as well as all sources within the auralization module. Key features such as self-labeling channel strips, onboard latency monitoring, synchronized remote audio recording and monitoring, and a highly flexible routing architecture will be integrated into the console design. This console design will provide a platform for the audio engineer to realize the full potential of telematics for networked performance and remote recording.


The rapidly increasing demand for electrical power and difficulties in providing the same using traditional power generating sources provide a motivation to integrate Distributed Generation (DG) into the radial distribution network. In the present work, the optimal installation of DG along with operation of Electric Vehicles (EV) is investigated on standard IEEE distribution systems for minimizing network power losses. This also helps in simultaneous improvement of voltage profile of the network. The optimal positioning and power rating of DG are computed by Genetic Algorithm (GA). In the presence of EV, the loads are variable due to the charging and discharging of batteries in the EV. The variation of network power losses in the presence of EVs along with DGs on standard IEEE 33 and 69 Bus systems are investigated.


SDN (Software Defined Network) is the important part of Future Network, and the OpenFlow soft switch which separates the control plane from the data plane is the key instrument. In this paper, the OpenFlow switch are analyzed, the main performance parameters are throughput, packet loss and time-delay, the influence factors are load, packet size and the transforming packet quantity. Kernel Partial Least Squares (KPLS) algorithm is proposed and applied to study the performance model of the OpenFlow soft switch. The nonlinear relationship of the measured data was transformed into quasi-linear, the simulation of the algorithm shows that the performance model has a good performance


It is demonstrated that in an asymmetric coupled GaAs double quantum well structure, we are able to choose a lasing wavelength out of at least four quantum state transitions by cavity loss control. The assignments of the observed lasing transitions are determined by photoluminescence measurement for the laser wafer, as well as by calculations using an isolated potential well model. We propose that one can realize wide‐range wavelength tuning and multistep wavelength switching functions by modifying the two‐dimensional density of states.


The authors carried out a review of studies devoted to the problems of the forced transition to distance learning during the pandemic. They highlighted the main directions of analysis and described advantages and disadvantages of this learning format. Two directions of psychological and pedagogical research of distance learning are presented: the change in the objective characteristics of the educational environment and the learners' subjective perceptions and reflections. The types of ideas about the motivation to learning and quasi-professional activities are characterized. The authors made a conclusion about insufficient study of changes in students' learning motivation in the distance-based format. The paper presents a description of the study of the learning motives of the first year students in engineering training areas, which made it possible to assess the components of learning motivation in classroom and distance-based formats. The applied technique revealed the features of cognitive activity, achievement motivation, and the display of anxiety and anger. The students were grouped according to the level of learning motivation demonstrated in the classroom format. The study revealed the absence of students with an extremely negative attitude towards learning in the distance-based format. A significantly decreased intensity of the anxiety and anger cases was revealed. The empirical data generally showed the relative stability of the main motives of learning activity and the positive dynamics of emotions during the transition to distance learning in the sample group under survey. The authors made a conclusion that similar monitoring of students from other training areas is necessary.


Mushrooms and macrofungi were collected at Puncan, Carranglan, Nueva Ecija, Philippines in during dry season. There were identified into 7 species. With this, one species belong to Order Tulasnellales or Tremellales (Jelly Fungi), Family Auriculariaceae which is Auricularia fuscosuccinea. Another 4 species belong to Order Polyporales; Family Polyporaceae which are Gloeoporus dichrous (Fr.) Bres, Coltricia perennis (Fr.) Murr, Trametes versicolor (L.: Fries) Pilt and Phellinus pini (Fr.) Ames. Out of these, 2 species belong to Order Agaricales (Mushroom); Family Tricholomataceae which is Hobenbuebelia petaloides (Bull ex Fr.) Schulz and Family Cantharellaceae which is Cantharellus minor Pk. It is noticed that our survey were done in dry season, high temperature and low humidity which found that the climate and whether are not favorable for mushroom and other fungi growing. Since then, it is indicated that the species found in this season are rarely fresh but their specimens mostly dried.


This article explores various ways health personnel enact death in connection with mechanical ventilation treatment withdrawal in the intensive care unit (ICU) at Trondheim University Hospital. The main focus is on sedated terminal patients who undergo mechanical ventilator treatment withdrawal and relatives' presence at this time. Mol's (2002) praxiographic orientation of the actor-network approach is followed while exploring this medical practice. Utilizing this interdisciplinary science and technology studies approach this article describes what Timmermans and Berg (2003) have called ' technology-in-practice'. Thus the main focus of the analysis is on medical interventions, and enactments of death within medical practice. The article argues against a 'social essentialist' approach to medical technology, which views technology as a passive force empowered by social relations. It explores how various enactments of death are intrinsically linked with and shaped by the use of medical technology within clinical practice. A praxiographic inquiry into how death is enacted carefully takes notice of how medical practice and techniques make death audible, tangible, visible, knowable and real. Mol's praxiographic approach also enables a description of how the multiple enactments of death connect within end-of-life care through various forms of coordination. This article is based on interviews with 28 nurses and two physicians in a Norwegian intensive care unit.


NINE of these operations were performed in the Bristol Royal Infirmary, two in private. The first two of the infirmary cases were done in a small ward set apart for special cases ; the rest were done in the general operating room, and no restrictions were placed on the admission of students or visitors. All the cases were successful. Of the individual cases, no special account need be given. In all except two, adhesions were present. One was a case of double Fallopian cyst; one of the cysts being full of pus, and as large as the head of a newly born child. In this case also, both ovaries, being enlarged and cystic, were removed. In one case, the tumour, large and composed of many cysts, was strangulated from rotation of the pedicle, andl adherent by every part of its surface to omentum, uterus, bowel,


-Microhabitat characteristics of bine grouse {Dendra^apus ohscurus) were analyzed in breeding and wintering habitats in southeastern Idaho. Breeding habitats typically were open sagebrush (Artemisia spp.), mixed shrub, mountain mahogany (Cercocarpiis ledifolius) , and maple (Acer grandidentatum) stands on east to south facing aspects of slopes below 2100 m elevation. Breeding blue grouse selected areas with approximately a 50;50 or greater open to cover ratio. Blue grouse selected areas with higher tree coverage than available on average within the mixed shrub vegetation type. Hens with broods preferred sites with relatively tall (>50 cm) herbaceous vegetation. During autumn and winter, blue grouse preferred high elevation (>2285 m) stands of open (50% tree cover) conifer. Douglas-fir (Pseudotsiiga menziesii ) were preferred as winter roost trees. Sites selected in winter had significantly more Douglas-fir than those selected in autumn. Blue grouse occur throughout western North America. Substantial work on this species has been conducted on Vancouver Island, British Columbia (e.g., Bendell and Elliott 1966, 1967, Fowle 1960, Zwickel and Bendell 1967, Lewis and Zwickel 1980). Blue grouse also have been studied throughout the Rocky Mountains (Marshall 1946, Caswell 1954, Heebner 1956, Blackford 1958, Boag 1966, Maestro 1971, Harju 1974, Weber 1975). Most reports have concerned breeding behavior, with relatively little work being done on habitat requirements. Studies on blue grouse habitat typically have been qualitative in nature, relating grouse to general habitat categories (e.g., Marshall 1946, Caswell 1954, Heebner 1956, Bendell and Elliott 1966) or breeding habitat (Mussehl 1960, 1963, Maestro 1971, Martinka 1972, Weber 1975, Lewis 1981). Except for some analyses of male hooting sites (Martinka 1972, Lewis 1981), little quantitative information on blue grouse has been reported. To adequately manage habitat for blue grouse, we must know their relationship to patterns of macroand microhabitat characteristics. We previously described the macrohabitat relationships of blue grouse in southeastern Idaho (Stauflfer and Peterson 1985). Here we address the microhabitat characteristics of blue grouse. Our objectives are to quantitatively describe habitats used by blue grouse for breeding and wintering and to compare characteristics of used habitats to avail-


An X-ray of the thoracic cage is a fundamental examination in children with disorders of various origin. Despite the constantly decreasing role of classic radiology in imaging diagnostics, the X-ray photograph still remains the only method available in practice for imaging lung pathologies in neonates. The aim of the work is to define the indications for performing CAT scanning of the thoracic cage in children in the neonatal period on the basis of our own material. We analysed a group of neonates referred for thoracic cage CAT scanning. Out of 10 people examined, 8 were boys, and 2 were girls. Respiratory disorders or the presence of auscultatory phenomena were an indication for making an X-ray in neonates in whom a CAT scan of the thoracic cage was done. All neonates from the examined group had an X-ray only as a result of above-mentioned indications. On the basis of a classic X-ray photograph, it was not possible to differentiate the flaccidity of the diaphragm with diaphragmatic hernia; the suspicion of presence of patent emphysema ventricle also needed to be confirmed. In one neo nate, X-ray gave the image of an enlarged cone of the heart, and in the subsequent one, the image of persistent atelectasis of the right lower lobe. On the basis of the centre's experience, we may draw the conclusions that the basic indication for performing CAT scan examination in neonates is the suspicion of


A Study of State Health AdministrationFederal health activities and municipal health administration have recently been the subjects of intensive investigations, but no comparative studies of state health administration have been made for over a decade. In 1912 the United States Public Health Service issued a comprehensive bulletin entitled " Organization, Powers, and Duties of Health Authorities," which consisted of a summary of the health provisions of the various state laws. This excellent compilation, though still of some value for reference, is now out of date. In 1914 the American Medical Association published the report of a survey of state public health work, by Dr. Charles V. Chapin. This notable report is now out of print. In 1917 Professor George C. Whipple's book State Sanitation appeared, though this was almost entirely an historical account of the development of public health in Massachusetts, which is also, however, one of the most important items in the contemporary history of public health in the United States. In order to fill in this gap between the studies of federal and municipal health work, the Institute for Government Research of Washington, D. C., is undertaking a comparative study of state health administration. This will be handled from the political science standpoint and will deal with questions of organization, legal authority, and powers, rather than with methods of scientific procedure. The development of state health administration will first be traced; then each state will be described, including such matters as the history and development of state health work, its present organization, personnel, appropriations, powers, duties, and functions; and, finally, the whole situation will be summarized, the various systems compared and discussed, and an endeavor will be made to outline an ideal arrangement from the standpoint of political science. It is estimated that this study will require about a year and it is hoped that it may be ready for publication early in 1927. Federal Health Correlation-After some delay, due to many factors, the bill for correlation of federal health activities was introduced in the House on the 8th of March by Representative Parker of New York, chairman of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. This bill provides that " whenever the President finds that it will promote greater efficiency in the conduct of the public health activities of the Government, he is authorized, by Executive order, to transfer to the Public Health Service all or any part of any executive agency (other than an agency of the military or naval forces, the War Department, the Navy Department, or the United States Veterans' Bureau) engaged in carrying on a public health activity." The bill also authorizes the President to direct that scientific personnel of the Public Health Service be assigned to other agencies of the government carrying on, public health work, or that such personnel may be detailed, on request to the Surgeon General. He may likewise detail personnel to educational and scientific institutions and receive outside scientists at the Hygienic Laboratory. One of the most important items in this measure is a provision for granting commissions to sanitary engineers, dentists, and other scientists in the Service. They would have the same status as to grade and allowances as medical officers. A nurse corps would also be created, similar to that in the Army, and provision is made for a national advisory health council. The bill is printed in full elsewhere in this JOURNAL.


This paper describes areas in which in vitro cytotoxicity assays may be of use to the water industry and reviews the studies that have already been published on water samples and water industry materials. In vitro cytotoxicity assays are useful in comparing aqueous samples and for testing of materials, but direct comparisons of test systems have not been carried out. At present, it is therefore unclear if any one method is particularly appropriate for use with water samples.


The article analyzes the shortcomings of the pension reform developed and proposed by the Government of the Russian Federation in July 2018, which does not take into account regional specifics, including the asymmetric development (economic, social and demographic) of the national republics and regions of the Russian Federation.


The identification of the origins of what we now call the theory of elastic stability is not an easy task. Most authors trace the origins to the pioneering work of Leonhard Euler in 1744, and some shift this origin to the experimental works of Petrus van Musschenbroek in 1729. However, other contemporary authors interested in the history of the discipline postulate that the works of Medieval and Renaissance scholars should be considered as the true sources of the buckling studies performed in the XVIII Century. This paper reports a historical research based on the original works of Al-Khazini, Jordanus de Nemore, Leonardo da Vinci, and Marini Merssene, in order to discuss what kind of Aknowledge they had about the topics of stability and lateral deflections of columns under axial loads. Our investigation shows that there were observations of the phenomenon considered, but those observations were not translated into a deeper understanding of the phenomenon, so that the causes of this efect or the role of strength on the response were not considered. Leonardo was closer than others in his understanding of the nature of the problem and produced some tentative rules of behavior; however, those were only documented in private writings and did not make an impact in his contemporaries or even 100 years later. We postulate that there was a continuity of problems between medieval authors and those who lived in the XVIII Century, rather than continuity in their concepts and approaches to solve those problems.


The transport systems of the largest cities in Russia usually include extensive tram and trolleybus networks. There are subways in seven million-plus cities. Thus, electric transport has a very significant role in the passenger traffic of these cities. Moreover, the mentioned elements of the electric transport system can influence each other in different ways, and the level of their spatial interaction can also differ. For example, in global practice, there are cases when most types of public transport in the city (bus, trolley, tram, minibus, etc.) are feeders to subway lines, which are usually the key mode of transport within the integrated transport system of a large city (in In some cases, the role of the subway can be performed by a light rail). In addition, tram and trolleybus can be integrated in different ways. Diverse factors and processes taking place inside the city can influence the level of this integration: replacing one mode of transport with another, shortening the lines of one of the modes of transport, etc. Various options for such interaction are described by the example of three Russia's cities: Kazan, Samara and St. Petersburg.


Working principle on deicing and snow melting of electrically conductive concrete and the theory base on making conductive concrete are introduced;the basic requirement on performance of the electrically conductive concrete that satisfy the pavement's needs is analyzed;after discussing the properties of conductive concrete,which reinforced with different conductive admixture,a perfect additive that suitable for making electrically conductive concrete is selected.


This paper is a basic study which examines an
affordable flat housing in the Indonesian cities by both macro
level and micro level, that is housing needs and market
analysis, and the living style transformation of low-income
inhabitants. Firstly, we describe the characteristics of low cost
flat market through the examination about the house
ownership, typology of rental house, the subsidy and its
affordability, Secondly, we make sure of the probIerns of who
intend to own houses through the survey of inhabitants of
rental flats on kampung redevelopment areas.
Based on these circumstances, we suggest that, when
rental housing is implement target for low-income people in
the Indoizesian large city planning, it is necessary to make an
appropriate planning for bushess a d living space, not simply
of f i g , and at the same time, to design the space and use in
consideration of the continuity with traditional kampung
living style.


The labor force participation of women has increased substantially since the 1960s. At the same time, the gender earnings gap has declined from about 40 percent in the late 1960s to less than 28 percent in the early 1990s and has stopped converging since.1 Much of the gender earnings gap is explained by gender differences in labor force attachment and accumulated labor market experience. In particular, the gender earnings gap increases with age as the experience gap increases.2 One explanation for the remaining gender earnings gap is that many jobs disproportionately reward working long hours.3 In many jobs, the pay is nonlinear in hours worked and penalizes workers who choose to work fewer hours. This reward structure tends to affect women of childbearing years disproportionately and also affects their occupational choices. Furthermore, in most occupations, the representation of women at the top-paying jobs is low—even if at lower levels there are many women.4 This article documents life-cycle gender differences in labor market outcomes using longitudinal data of a cohort of individuals from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979. As in other datasets, the gender earnings gap increases with age. We find that hours worked and labor market experience are the most substantial observable variables in explaining the gender pay gap. We also focus on patterns in occupational changes over the life cycle, as a large part of pay growth occurs when workers change jobs. We find that college-educated men, on average, move into occupations with higher task complexity. We further show that women are less likely to change occupations. Moreover, on average, pay grows when workers change occupations, but the growth is smaller for women. Finally, we discuss theories that are consistent with the patterns we document. (JEL J16, J24, J31)


Auditory thresholds are often displayed in a manner that reveals what is commonly called a "U-curve." But if the threshold curves are displayed on the x axis on a true Log10 scale the profile is shaped differently. For marine mammals the shape is more like a "hockey stick." If these curves are overlaid on the "Wenz ambient noise spectra curves" there appears to be shape conformance. This makes sense as auditory sensitivity would naturally evolve to exclude ambient environmental noise. This paper evaluates 120 legacy auditory threshold curves from 18 species of marine mammals and 60 threshold curves from 32 species of fish. The auditory threshold curves from the fish do not conform to the Wenz curves. Given that both the auditory thresholds and the Wenz curves were expressed as pressure gradient energy it is possible that the profile of the fish threshold curves express sound in either the particle velocity, or both particle velocity and pressure gradient energy. This paper extrapolates the particle veloci...


Fine-grained rims are the special components in carbonaceous chondrites,mainly from the coarse-grained components(chondrule,CAI,lithic fragment and mineral fragment),providing insight for the evolution of the solar nebula.The study summarizes the petrological texture,mieral assemblages,mineral chemistry and bulk composition of FGR from different carbonaceous chondrites.By comparison with matrices of different carbonaceous chondrites,FGR is found similar to the matrix in petrology and mineralogy,suggesting that FGR is formed from the condensation of the solar nebula as the matrix.But the occurrence and difference of mineral chemistry of FGR indicate that as the FGR formation predates matrax,FGR is the product of different sequence of condensation of the solar nebula.Based on the altered mineralogy and bulk composition,all FGRs experience aqueous alteration in verious degrees.The majority of evidence indicates that the aqueous alteration of FGR should occur during the period of solar nebula,but another evidence supports that the aqueous alteration of FGR might be formed in the parentbody of the chondrites.However,whether multistages of aqueous alteration exist is not certain and it needs further work and more evidence.To sum up,all the features of FGR indicate that FGR is the gas-solid condensation of the early solar nebula aggregated to the coarse-grained components,and the differences among the FGRs of various carbonaceous chondrites suggest the chemical heterogeneity of the solar nebula and the difference of physicochemical condition of the solar nebula in different locations.


Using data from 1,217 publicly traded Chinese companies from 1994–2006, we show that the capital financing behavior of Chinese firms deviates substantially from the pecking order theory in that equity issues are always the preferred financing source for funding requirements. We further document the existence of a stylized asymmetric financing pattern — equity issues are used much more heavily over debt issues under the condition of a fund flow surplus versus a fund flow deficit, which is the result of Chinese firms selecting the degree of inherent equity-issue preference feasible to pursue given their fund flow condition.


Shape spaces are fundamental in a variety of applications including image registration, morphing, matching, interpolation, and shape optimization. In this work, we consider two-dimensional shapes represented by triangular meshes of a given connectivity. We show that the collection of admissible configurations representable by such meshes form a smooth manifold. For this manifold of planar triangular meshes we propose a geodesically complete Riemannian metric. It is a distinguishing feature of this metric that it preserves the mesh connectivity and prevents the mesh from degrading along geodesic curves. We detail a symplectic numerical integrator for the geodesic equation in its Hamiltonian formulation. Numerical experiments show that the proposed metric keeps the cell aspect ratios bounded away from zero and thus avoids mesh degradation along arbitrarily long geodesic curves.


O f all the passages in the Pauline corpus that have been instrumental in shaping scholarly approaches to Paul, there may be none more influential than 1 Corinthians 9:19–23. This single four-verse passage is commonly cited to reconcile passages in which Paul is portrayed as favorable to Jewish practices (particularly those in the book of Acts) with the traditional view of Paul as a repudiator of Judaism, the Torah, and the Temple service. For example, Luke records in Acts 16:3 that Paul had Timothy circumcised—an act that, to the surrounding Jewish community, would have been interpreted as an act of covenant fidelity. However, this provides no difficulty for the traditional view of the "Law-free" Paul—he "became like a Jew, to win the Jews." Again, Paul offered animal sacrifices at the Temple in Jerusalem many years after the Damascus Road experience (Acts 21). But again, there is no difficulty—Paul "became like one under the law ... to win those under the law." It seems there is no passage, however perplexing to the traditional viewpoint, that cannot be explained through the lens of 1 Corinthians 9:19–23. As a result, most commentators on Acts never seriously consider the possibility that Paul remained a practicing Jew. To them, Paul, like a chameleon, can pretend at times to keep the Torah and practice Judaism, and at other times jettison the constraints of Torah in order to adapt to non-Jewish environments. So though Paul might sometimes seem to practice Judaism, in no way did he remain faithful to the Torah, Judaism, or the customs of his ancestors. He was, as conservative Evangelical A JEW TO THE JEWS: JEWISH CONTOURS OF PAULINE FLEXIBILITY IN 1 CORINTHIANS 9:19–23 By: David J. Rudolph Publisher: Mohr Siebeck, 2011 ISBN: 978-3-16-149293-8 290 Pages A Jew to the Jews: Jewish Contours of Pauline Flexibility in 1 Corinthians 9:19–23


An improved balanced phase-locked loop (PLL) with postdetection processing is proposed to eliminate the data-to-phaselock crosstalk which potentially limits the usable ratio of laser linewidth to bit rate in pilot-carrier phase-shift keying (PSK) optical homodyne systems. The phase-lock current is first subtracted from the output signal of the data receiver before input to the loop filter. An attenuator is used to ensure the equilibrium of the feedback output signal and data-to-phaselock crosstalk. A shaping filter is introduced to simulate the distortion of data signals at the output of the preamplifier. The homodyne receivers based on this kind of PLL have the advantage of a large tolerance for the laser linewidth compared with the conventional balanced PLL receivers.<<ETX>>


Regulation of vascular homeostasis depends upon collaboration between cells of the vessel wall and blood coagulation system. A direct interaction between integrin αVβ3 on endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells and prothrombin, the pivotal proenzyme of the blood coagulation system, is demonstrated and activation of the integrin is required for receptor engagement. Evidence that prothrombin is a ligand for αVβ3 on these cells include: (a) prothrombin binds to purified αVβ3 via a RGD recognition specificity; (b) prothrombin supports αVβ3-mediated adhesion of stimulated endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells; and (c) endothelial cells, either in suspension and in a monolayer, recognize soluble prothrombin via αVβ3. αVβ3-mediated cell adhesion to prothrombin, but not to fibrinogen, required activation of the receptor. Thus, the functionality of the αVβ3 receptor is ligand defined, and prothrombin and fibrinogen represent activation- dependent and activation-independent ligands. Activation of αVβ3 could be induced not only by model agonists, PMA and Mn2+, but also by a physiologically relevant agonist, ADP. Inhibition of protein kinase C and calpain prevented activation of αVβ3 on vascular cells, suggesting that these molecules are involved in the inside-out signaling events that activate the integrin. The capacity of αVβ3 to interact with prothrombin may play a significant role in the maintenance of hemostasis; and, at a general level, ligand selection by αVβ3 may be controlled by the activation state of this integrin.


Abstract : 33 New Zealand white rabbits were taken and randomly divided into a control group, a hyperbaric air group, and a hyperbaric oxyengation (HBO) group. All were reirrigated types following the creation of acute, incomplete cerebral ischemia. Respective measurements were taken of the overall carotid artery and interior jugular vein blood gases as well as cortical brain tissue homogenate amounts of 6-Keto-PGF1 and TXB2 contained. In conjunction with this, pathological investigations were made. The results were that: the amounts of 6-Keto-PGF1 contained for the HBO group were clearly greatly increased (P< 0.01). TXB2 clearly dropped (P< 0.05). Blood P02 in the HB0 group clearly went up (P < 0.0l). Pathological investigations showed that the HBO groups brain tissue damage was relatively light. Conclusion: there were clear effects on PGI2 and TXA2 with HBO when there was reirrigation after acute cerebral ischemia in the domestic rabbits. This is possibly one mechanism of HBO therapy for acute cerebral ischemia.


Only two chronologies have been developed for Pinus mugo Turra. The first, centuries old in length, focuses on the area of the Carpathian mountains (Kolishchuk, 1966); the second, twenty- seven years in length, on the area of the Dolomites. Mast years are not yet demonstrated for the species, at least on the whole of its range and to the point to be a «noice» for the dendrochronological curve. To provide varied dendrochronological information, also concerning mast years, a site chronologie was obteined from the Maiella mountains (Abruzzo-Italy), were the species is present as a tertiary relict. Stepwise multiple regression analysis suggests that annual growth is due primarily to early high spring temperatures. The significative relationship with sun spots until 1944 seems to indicate an ancient good agreement with growth of the Carpathian populations of the species. However site-chronology doesn't show clear evidence of mast years.


The European Environmental Noise Directive opens the door for the public to participate in the development and review of noise action plans. Regarding health inequities related to environmental noise exposure, we aimed to identify determinants that influence residents' civic engagement
 against transportation noise exposure. We defined four variable groups representing either environmental quality with indicators of (1) noise exposure and (2) environmental resources or behavioural cognitions with indicators related to (3) civic engagement and (4) generalised emotions and
 cognitions. We used data collected from 3,743 participants in the population-based KORA study in the Augsburg region, Germany, and employed Conditional Inference Trees (CIT) to identify variable sets within these four groups that are most likely to classify civic engagement intentions. A final
 CIT model encompassed all variables. Participants' social characteristics were included in each of our CIT models. Results suggest interactions between environmental quality (related to sound/atmosphere in the sleeping room) and income and between income and emotions (positive affectivity)
 with respect to engagement intentions. When considered simultaneously, engagement-specific cognitions appeared as more relevant for engagement intentions than environmental quality. This finding indicates that noise action planning should take behavioural cognitions into account when designing
 participation processes.


Objective
To investigate status of suicidal ideation and risk factors of hospitalized patients with infectious diseases, in order to achieve timely prevention of adverse events and provide the basis of relevant intervention and prevention measures.

Methods
Totals of 657 cases admitted to the hospital from March 2010 to October 2013 were surveyed using the self-made hospitalization behavior risk factors.

Results
Totals of 48 cases within the 657 patients had the suicidal ideation, accounting for 7.31%. The survey results showed that medical insurance covering 0% to 20% expenses, monthly personal economic income under 3 000 yuan, history of mental illness, self-evaluation of serious disease, self-assessment of poor rehabilitation hope, set suicide plan, previous suicide history were the independent risk factors of patients with infectious diseases (χ2=6.206, 6.021, 6.520, 4.937, 7.597, 4.404, 4.416, respectively; P<0.05).

Conclusions
Infectious disease patients with mental illness, despair for disease rehabilitation, economic pressure caused by disease were the main reasons for their suicidal ideation.

Key words:
Infectious disease; Suicide; Risk factor; Behavior rules


Exploring how political and social transformations in Eastern Europe have found effect in all areas of art practice since the end of the Cold War, this issue points to the interaction between Eastern European artists with their own traditions and the diversity of media and contemporary theory developed in the West. Material is drawn from several Eastern European countries including the Czech Republic and Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia, Poland and Russia, with features on Neue Slowenische Kunst and Irwin , Ilya Kabakov, writings by Slavoi Zizek and an interview with Milan Knizak. The collapse of ideologies, search for national identity, the representation of violence and conflict as well as the hopes for the future are powerfully reflected in this unique issue of Art & Design.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the development of printed wiring board (PWB)‐based microfluidic building blocks and their integration into systems for DNA amplification and electronic detection.Design/methodology/approach – Technologies from embedded passives (EP) and photolithographic high‐density interconnect are integrated into a traditional PWB platform to enable multifunctional electrochemical sensors for on‐chip detection of biological assays.Findings – PWB materials and processes can be applied to develop microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and microfluidic systems. On‐chip heaters using EP have been demonstrated with excellent accuracy. The on‐chip heaters can be used for localized temperature control as well as heat air pumps. The integration of EP and microchannels is a promising approach to add functionalities to the PWB‐based microsystems.Research limitations/implications – Further integration of microchannels with the embedded heaters and electrochemical sensors will incr...


The regional culture of south Shaanxi is religiously colored as a living fossil for the study of early Taoism, and this article attempts an analysis of the historical documents and Taoist classics to identify the birth and development of Taoism, and the cultural resources of the early Taoism in Hanzhong area, to re_establish the status and functions of Five_Dou_Grain (Five Pecks of Grain) sect in Taoism.


Most research on factors influencing educational achievement uses large-scale quantitative methods and statistics that show that different ethnic groups do vary in their educational achievement or success.The authors present the outcomes of three comparable qualitative multiple case studies focussing upon factors that are known to relate to the variation in educational achievement within ethnic groups. So what characteristics differ systematically for high and low achieving pupils? The three central concepts seem to be socio-cultural characteristics, language proficiency and academic success.This leads the authors to raise the question: do we exactly know what these concepts refer to, and how can they be measured best?In all three studies, these concepts lead to differing definitions and interrelations. Further qualitative explorative research in this field might shed light on the essence of these complex concepts and make it possible to construct instruments to measure them in a reliable way, and thus contribute to our shared knowledge and understanding.


This work relates the online availability experienc of retrospective periodicals published from 1939 to 1991 by Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA ) and kept in its Memory Section. The availability was performed with the purpose of pres erving and spreading the periodicals of historical value for the institution. It was used a SEER software, electronic magazines editing system, developed by IBICT adding some alternative and suitable actions in the data insertion procedure. It describes the methodology of SEER sof tware use in full texts publishing of digital articles at Universitas, A Cultural Magazine of Uni versidade Federal da Bahia, chosen to integrate the Memory Digitalization Pilot Project a t UFBA. It presents the availability of six publications summaries of retrospective periodicals in the fields of medicine, human sciences and arts. The results reveal the possibility of usi ng modern tools favoring the spreading of historical documents in order to be preserved.


Dedication List of Plates Acknowledgements Chronology PART I: LIFE AND ART Biographies: Real and Imagined Poet, Playwright, and Artist Multi-Talented Art Student Artistic Cross-Connections Idealists, Absolutes and Crypto-Social Democrats: The Plays PART II: LIVES IN HISTORY The World Novel: The Tin Drum Danzig Requiem Scandal Cat and Mouse: Is Pilenz Guilty? After Kafka - After Man Dog Years: Broken Biographies PART III: THE TURN TO POLITICS A Famous Young Man A Broken Intellectual Tradition I Advise You to Vote ES-PE-DE Writers and Politicians The Student Revolt 'I Meant Myself Just as Much': Brecht in the Crossfire in The Plebians Rehearse the Uprising On Cooking Pigs' Heads: Exhaustively Questioned 'Burn, Warehouse, Burn!': Local Anaesthetic Sceptics and Melancholics: From the Diary of a Snail PART IV: THE END OF HISTORY MAN A State of the Nation Novel: The Flounder 'Social-Democratic Rabelais' False Messiahs on Father's Day Feminism and The Flounder Writers and the State in Germany, 1647-1979: The Meeting in Telgte Orwell's Decade A Critical Intellectual in the Post-Modern Era Exotic Encounters Fiction Against the Bomb: The Rat PART V: WRONG SIDE OF THE WENDE The Galloping Weltgeist Grass and the German Question, 1953-1989 Burying the Past or Melting Pot Utopia: The Calls of the Toad Execution of an Author Fonty/Fontane: Broken Biographies in Too Far a Field Making Sense: Finding Truth Postscript: 1997-2002 Guide to Further Reading Index


Myeloma diagnosis by a pathologist requires 10% plasma cells (PC) or a biopsy proven plasmacytoma in addition to myeloma defining events. PC% > 60% is a biomarker of malignancy under this definition. WHO allows for assesment of plasma cell percentage either by aspirate count or by CD138 immunohistochemistry (IHC). There is lack of consensus on aspirate smear adequacy for PC% estimation. Uneven distribution of plasma cells, hemodilution and/or patchy infiltration can lead to gross underestimation. We compared PC% by aspirate count and CD138 IHC and established corelation with serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) values.

 67 myeloma cases were included after excluding cases with suboptimal or inadequate aspirate smears. Two hematopathologists evaluated the diagnostic marrow (therapy naive) for PC% by aspirate count and CD138 IHC on biopsy/clot section. Corresponding SPEP and Free light chain (FLC) values were obtained. Correlation coefficent was calculated using Pearson correlation coefficient (GraphPad Prism).

 The Ig subtypes included IgG (41/67) and IgA (17/67). 12 cases had available FLC values. Both average and median PC% by CD138 IHC was considerably higher (50%, 52%) compared to aspirate count (29%, 21%). However, PC% by aspirate smear count and CD138 IHC demonstrated a significant linear correlation (r=0.71, p60% by CD138 (and not by aspirate count).

 CD138 IHC based PC% is consistently higher, nevertheless, statistically significant linear corelation is observed between aspirate count PC% and CD138 IHC. A significant linear correlation is observed between CD138 IHC and SPEP (IgG and IgA), however, no such correlation is observed with aspirate count. More cases were diagnosed as myeloma (11%) and higher propotion of cases (35%) had biomarker of malignancy i.e. PC% >60% by CD138 IHC. Based on these findings, we propose estimation of PC% by CD138 immunostain be a recommended standard practice for better clinicopathologic and biologic correlation.


The current article discusses the lability of the chloride ligands in cis-dichloro ruthenium benzylidene complexes featuring the NHC ligand N,N′-bis[2,4,6-(trimethyl)phenyl]imidazolin-2-ylidene] (SIMes) and an ester-chelating benzylidene ligand. A simple halide exchange reaction with iodide salts was used to assess the halide's lability in this type of complex. The starting compound bearing the cis-dichloro stereochemistry (cis-1) underwent rapid and selective exchange of the chloride trans to the SIMes ligand (cis-2). The substitution of the chloride cis to the NHC ligand for an iodide was found to be much slower, and the corresponding cis-diiodo compound could be isolated and characterized (cis-3). The latter compound undergoes fast and selective exchange of the iodide trans to the NHC ligand when an excess of a chloride source is added, and the fourth member of the family, bearing a chloride trans to the NHC ligand and a iodide cis to the NHC ligand (cis-4), was obtained. The four compounds have been f...


BACKGROUND
Timely and appropriate treatment could help reduce the burden of mental illness.

PURPOSE
This study describes mental health services use among Californians with mental health need, highlights underserved populations, and discusses policy opportunities.

METHODS
Four years of California Health Interview Survey data (2011, 2012, 2013, 2014) were pooled and weighted to the 2013 population to estimate mental health need and unmet need (n=82,706). Adults with mental health need had "unmet need" if they did not use prescription medication and did not have at least four or more mental health visits in the past year. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to predict the probability adults with mental health need did not receive past-year treatment (n=5,315).

RESULTS
Seventy-seven percent of Californians with mental health need received no or inadequate mental health treatment in 2013. Men, Latinos, Asians, young people, older adults, people with less education, uninsured adults, and individuals with limited English proficiency were significantly more likely to have unmet need. Cost of treatment and mental health stigma were common reasons for lack of care.

CONCLUSION
Unmet mental health need is predominant in California. Policy recommendations include continued expansion of mental health coverage, early identification, and ensuring that treatment is culturally and linguistically appropriate.


In this paper, we investigate an intraband mid-infrared photodetector based on HgSe colloidal quantum dots (CQDs). We study the size, absorption spectra, and carrier mobility of HgSe CQDs films. By regulating the time and temperature of the reaction during synthesis, we have achieved the regulation of CQDs size, and the number of electrons doped in conduction band. It is experimentally verified by the field effect transistor measurement that dark current is effectively reduced by a factor of 10 when the 1Se state is doped with two electrons compared with other doping densities. The HgSe CQDs film mobility is also measured as a function of temperature the HgSe CQDs thin film detector, which could be well fitted by Marcus Theory with a maximum of 0.046 ± 0.002 cm2/Vs at room temperature. Finally, we experimentally discuss the device performance such as photocurrent and responsivity. The responsivity reaches a maximum of 0.135 ± 0.012 A/W at liquid nitrogen temperature with a narrow band photocurrent spectrum.


We report a series of numerical simulations showing that the critical magnetic Reynolds number Rm c for the nonhelical small-scale dynamo depends on the Reynolds number Re. Namely, the dynamo is shut down if the magnetic Prandtl number Pr m = Rm / Re is less than some critical value Pr m,c . 1 even for Rm for which dynamo exists at Pr m ≥ 1. We argue that, in the limit of Re → ∞ , a finite Pr m,c may exist. The second possibility is that Pr m,c → 0 as Re → ∞ , while Rm c tends to a very large constant value inaccessible at current resolutions. If there is a finite Pr m,c , the dynamo is sustainable only if magnetic fields can exist at scales smaller than the flow scale, i.e., it is always effectively a large-Pr m dynamo. If there is a finite Rm c , our results provide a lower bound: Rm c & 220 for Pr m ≤ 1 / 8. This is larger than Rm in many planets and in all liquid-metal experiments.


Collective duct carcinoma, medullary carcinoma and mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma are rare entities with distinctive characteristics. The purpose of this study is to present our experience with these tumors and to review the literature about the new trends in the treatment of those rare and devastating cancers.  This is a retrospective analysis of 350 patients with renal tumor from which 6 cases were diagnosed with these rare tumors.  All of these patients underwent radical nephrectomy except one who underwent partial nephrectomy and one who underwent radical nephroureterectomy. The mean age was 59,66 (ranging from 24 - 76) while the mean tumor size was 5,08 (range 2 - 9 cm). The mean values of Hct, γGt, SGOT and SGPT at presentation were 38,41(range 35,2 - 40,9), 22.0 (range 12 - 41),  18,33 (range 7 - 44) and 19,0 (9 - 36). Three of the patients had positive lymph nodes as histology confirmed and all of the patients but one died from their disease.  These rare carcinomas are highly aggressive tumors which are not controlled with resection and despite adjuvant treatment usually have bad prognosis especially if they are presented with metastases. Το καρκίνωμα eξ' αθροιστικών σωλαναρίων, το μυeλοeιδές καρκίνωμα του νeφρού, και το βλeννώδeς σωληναριακό eξ' ατρακτοeιδών κυττάρων καρκίνωμα του νeφρού eίναι σπάνιeς οντότητeς μe ιδιαίτeρα χαρακτηριστικά. Ο σκοπός της παρούσας μeλέτης eίναι να παρουσιάσeι την eμπeιρία μας μe αυτούς τους όγκους και να ανασκοπήσουμe την βιβλιογραφία σχeτικά μe τις νέeς τάσeις στη θeραπeία αυτών των σπάνιων και καταστροφικών μορφών καρκίνου. Πρόκeιται για μια αναδρομική ανάλυση 350 ασθeνών μe όγκο νeφρού από τους οποίους αναγνωρίστηκαν 6 πeριπτώσeις μe αυτούς τους σπάνιους όγκους. Όλοι αυτοί οι ασθeνeίς υποβλήθηκαν σe ριζική νeφρeκτομή, eκτός από έναν που υποβλήθηκe σe μeρική νeφρeκτομή και έναν που υποβλήθηκe σe ριζική νeφροουρητηρeκτομή. Η μέση ηλικία ήταν 59,66 (eύρος 24 - 76), eνώ το μέσο μέγeθος του όγκου ήταν 5,08 (eύρος 2 - 9 cm). Οι μέσeς τιμές του αιματοκρίτη, γGT, SGOT και SGPT κατά την eισαγωγή ήταν 38,41 (eύρος 35,2 - 40,9), 22,0 (eύρος 12 - 41), 18,33 (eύρος 7 - 44) και 19,0 ( 9 - 36). Τρeις από τους ασθeνeίς eίχαν διηθημένους λeμφαδένeς, και όλοι eκτός από έναν κατέληξαν από την νόσο τους. Αυτά τα σπάνια καρκινώματα eίναι πολύ eπιθeτικοί όγκοι που δeν eλέγχονται μe χeιρουργική eκτομή και παρά την eπικουρική θeραπeία συνήθως έχουν κακή πρόγνωση eιδικά αν παρουσιάζονται μe μeταστάσeις.


The central concern of this monograph is to generate an understanding of the processes of control in industrial relations. Traditionally, the literature has tended to merely reflect the instrumental interests of management and has thus been preoccupied with the problem of improving the techniques, rather than penetrating the social processes of control. The authors contend that this preoccupation has resulted in a neglect of examining the conditions and consequences of control for production.


Cellular and humoral immunity against polyoma virus-induced tumors in rats was studied with the colony inhibition assay. Lymph node and spleen cells from syngeneic rats immunized by allogeneic polyoma tumors mediated the immune reaction and reduced the plating efficiency of polyoma target cells, whereas lymph node and spleen cells from syngeneic rats immunized by allogeneic chemical carcinogen [7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene]-induced tumor did not exert an inhibitory effect on plated polyoma tumor cells. Both lymphocytes and sera (in the presence of complement) from animals inoculated at birth with polyoma virus and developing either primary polyoma tumors or no tumors inhibited the colony formation of plated polyoma tumor cells.

Serum from rats showing progressively growing polyoma tumors but not from rats developing no such tumors blocked the inhibitory effect of antipolyoma tumor-immune lymph node and spleen cells used in the colony inhibition assay. The blocking effect of this serum was specific, as it could be removed by absorption with polyoma tumor cells and not with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene tumor cells. The sera from rats with primary polyoma tumors might contain blocking factor(s) (antibodies?), which abrogate the inhibitory action of immune lymphocytes, and mediate an efferent form of immunological enhancement, which facilitates the development of primary tumors.


Adenovirus type 12 is of human origin and it shows carcinogenic activity in experimental animals. With negatively stained particles of this virus electron
microscopic observations were carried out. As the result it was demonstrated that its capsid, like other adenoviruses, is an icosahedron and each capsomere
is of a hexagonal shape with a hollow in its center, each of which is surrounded by 6 adjacent capsomeres and is composed of numerous small subunit-like-particles.


To the Editor: We read with interest the article by Krupp et al. [1] They report the results of a clinical trial of amantadine compared with pemoline and placebo as therapy for fatigue and MS. This is a well-designed study that is in agreement with previous studies on the efficacy of amantadine in this …


We model the effect of gravitational settling in the upper chromosphere on O, Fe, Si, and Ne, studying whether Coulomb collisions between ionized low First Ionization Potential (FIP) elements and protons is sufficient to cause abundance enhancements relative to oxygen. We find that low-FIP abundance enhancements comparable to observed values can be obtained provided the hydrogen ionization degree lies in the approximate range 10%–30%, which agrees with chromospheric models. Lower or higher hydrogen ionization causes the FIP-effect to become smaller or absent (depletion of all heavy elements). Iron must be almost fully ionized in order to become enriched relative to high-FIP elements, and this requires a high iron photoionization rate. The time scale necessary to produce the enrichment increases rapidly with increasing H ionization. For iron in a background from a semiempirical chromospheric model, with an H ion fraction of the order of 30%–40% in the upper chromosphere, 1–2 hr of settling is required to produce enhancements comparable to observations. The absolute abundance (relative to H), which monotonically decreases with time during settling, has by that time decreased by less than 50% in the same altitude region. With the same background conditions, the silicon abundance is more strongly enhanced by the settling than the iron abundance. The high-FIP element neon is depleted, relative to O and low-FIP elements, in the same background and altitude region where iron is enhanced, typically by 50% or more relative to O after 1–2 hr of settling.


Spectrum management in DSL protects lines of potential customers from spectrum pollution. A spectrum management decision is equivalent to estimating a price for the future revenue from these potential customers. Making explicit this pricing decision would allow mixing economic and technical knowledge into a single estimator. Keeping them separate may be leading to double conservatism where the engineers produce a conservative estimate and the economists start from there to add their own pessimism to arrive at an investment decision. We propose a model where varying economic parameters would be included in the estimator used to compute the data rate offered to each customer. This would allow to maximise expected revenue and implement a version of a financial "hedge", where the risk is minimised by mixing optimistic and pessimistic assumptions. 1


Radiološka procjena cijeljenja koštanih defekata punjenih trikalcijevim fosfatom (Bioresorbom) nakon cistektomije u donjoj čeljusti Radiological Evaluation of the Healing of Bone Defects Filled with Tricalcium Phosphate (Bioresorb) after Cystectomy of the MandibleIntroduction The fundamental dilemma in the treatment of large cysts of the jaws has always been whether large bone cavities can be healed by primary closing of the bone defects and organisation of a blood clot, or whether other standard methods should be used, such as marsupialisation or modification of surgical operations, or even by filling the defect with bone transplants, regardless of their origin. Today, different views still exist on this problem. One such view is that the application of different bone substitutions-alloplastic implants and heterotransplants-have acquired uncritical proportions with regard to their choice, indications and size of the bone defects in which they are applied, and it would seem that the reasons for their frequent use are more of a commercial than medical nature. In an article on the methods of treating jaw cysts Miše (1) considered that the choice of surgical methods for treatment of jaw cysts depended entirely on their size and location. This meant that all small cysts, i.e. all those up to 2.5 cm in diameter, should be entirely removed regardless of their location, and the bone defect left to the organisation of a blood clot. The method was attributed to Carl Partsch and is known in the literature as the Partsch II method. Large mandibular cysts were treated by drainage into the oral cavity, i.e. by marsupialisation or Partsch I method (2), by two-phase surgical method, by Brosch procedure (3-5), by the Partsch II method with permanent postoperative suction (6,7) or by methods of filling the defects with autogenic, al-logenic or heterogenic transplants or alloplastic or synthetic resorbable and nonresorbable implants, and maxillary cysts were surgically treated by so-called rhinological methods (7,8). The application of tricalcium phosphate or other alloplastic biomaterials for filling bone defects of the jaws were first described in the literature thirty years ago, and several studies were also carried out in this country (9-14). Contemporary science and clinical research in oral surgery are concerned with this problem and it can therefore be said that investigation of the effectiveness of tricalcium phosphate is still topical for restoration of small bone defects in periodon-tology, for faster dynamics of the healing of large bone defects, enlargement of the alveolar ridge, sinus …


We discuss 2 tests for detecting local visual features. We use simulated anneal-ing to estimate the parameters of the blurring function in a given image automatically , and then include the blurring in the 2 test. In this paper, each feature with noise is modeled by a random vector Y with a multivariate normal distribution, denoted by Y N(y ; y), and the mean vector y and the variance-covariace matrix y include the intrinsic structure of the feature. The variance in the gaussian blurring is obtained by simulated annealing, and then a linear matrix of blurring B is generated to blur each feature Y. After the transformation f(z) : (Z ? z) t ?1 z (Z ? B z), the random vector Z becomes a random variable with 2 distribution, then 2 test is applied to measure the similarity between data and the expectation vector of each model.


Objectives: to analyze prescription pattern of clozapine in dual diagnosis (DD) inpatients' and to find out if there was any association with acute relapses either from psychiatric symptoms or from substance use disorder. Material and Methods: a retrospective study was conducted with all patients admitted at Lisbon's Psychiatric Hospital Center for psychiatric inpatient treatment during a 4 months' period. Patients with a dual diagnosis at discharge were selected and their clinical files were screened to assess sociodemographic and clinical information. Results and conclusions: from a total of 536 inpatients, 17,5% had a dual diagnosis at discharge. Most frequent substance of abuse was alcohol, followed by cannabinoids, nicotine, cocaine, and opiates. Most frequent psychiatric diagnosis associated with substance use disorder was schizophrenia (50%), depressive disorder (17%) and bipolar disorder (10,6%). Clozapine was prescribed to 22,3% patients and a statistically significant association was found between clozapine prescription and prevention of acute relapses of psychiatric symptoms in DD patients. Although there was no significant association between prescription of clozapine versus other antipsychotic drugs in preventing relapses of substance use, there was found a larger than expected number of patients in clozapine that didn't have a relapse of substance use.


1 Perros, P., Simpson, J., Innes, J.A., Teale, D.T. & McKnight, J.A. (1996) Non-islet cell tumor hypoglycaemia: 11-octreotide imaging and efficacy of octreotide, growth hormone and glucocorticosteroids. Clinical Endocrinology , 44 , 727–731. 2 Baxter, R.C., Holman, S.R., Corbould, A., Stranks, S., Ho, P.J. & Braund, W. (1995) Regulation of the insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins by glucocorticoid and growth hormone in nonislet cell tumor hypoglycaemia. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , 80 , 2700–2708. 3 Teale, J.D. & Wark, G. (2004) The effectiveness of different treatment options for non-islet cell tumor hypoglycaemia. Clinical Endocrinology , 60 , 457–460. 4 Frystyk, J., Skjaerbaek, C., Zapf, J. & Orskov, H. (1998) Increased levels of circulating free insulin-like growth factors in patients with non-islet cell tumour hypoglycaemia. Diabetologia , 41 , 589–594. 5 Baxter, R.C. & Doughaday, W.H. (1991) Impaired formation of the ternary insulin-like growth factor binding protein complex in patients with hypoglycaemia due to non-islet tumours. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , 73 , 696–702.


The experiment was conducted in Post Graduate Laboratory Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding SHUATS, Allahabad, U.P during 2015-2017, in order to standardize the suitable methods of priming of along with control Bitter guard seeds. Seeds of Bitter gourd primed with hydro-priming, halo-priming, osmo-priming were evaluated by screening a range of durations and concentration viz, T0 Unprimed Control, T1-2 Distilled water hydration (for 6 and 12 hrs), T3-4 NaCl (for 6 and 12 hrs) and T5-6 PEG (for 6 and 12 hrs). Observation shows that the Osmo-priming 12 hrs of Bitter Guard displayed significant high percent of seed germination, seedling length, fresh weight, dry weight, speed of germination and vigour as compared to other treatment and unprimed. Less priming time performance decreased germination and vigour of seeds. It is also found that osmo-priming 12 hrs could to be increase the seedling parameters. The present study helps to improve the seedling parameters with the help of seed priming treatments which are cost effective and economic, non toxic, eco friendly sources.


Aerosol optical depth (AOD) data from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) instrument at Goddard Space Flight Center were compared with surface chemical data from the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) sampler at Washington, D.C. for the years 1995–1997. These sites were the only ones in the two networks in close enough proximity to make such a comparison. The Spearman correlation coefficients between AOD and boundary‐layer aerosol properties derived from the IMPROVE data ranged from about 0.42 to 0.55. The relatively weak correlations for these urban sites are consistent with findings in previous studies, and are most likely due to the lack of information on the vertical profiles of aerosol mass concentration, composition, and relative humidity.


The tongue acupuncture therapy has established its own system,and been widely used in the clinical treatment of diseases such as stroke aphasia,swallow difficulty and children cerebral palsy,etc.in recent decades,and it has shown unique therapeutic effects.By using MRI,SPECT,and hemorheology methods to observe and study,many scholars have proved the therapeutic effects of the tongue acupuncture.Some issuesof the tongue acupuncture,such as inconsistency in the positioning of the tongue acupuncture points,lack of standard for the operation technique,and not very rigorous design of clinical research methods,still exist.Standard for positioning the tongue acupuncture points and clinical operations should be established,and the research level should be improved,further study of the action mechanism should be done in the future.


We assess observed and modeled temperature extremes over the MENA region during the last four decades. The purpose of our analysis is two-fold: I) provide an up-to-date, observationally based estimation of recent past evolution and ii) evaluate the performance of global climate model simulations. A list of indices of temperature extremes, based on threshold, percentile, heatwave and coldwave characteristics is used, as defined by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI). We derive the indices. We use daily near-surface air (2-metre) temperature (Tmax and Tmin) to derive the extremes indices for the period 1980-2018 from: 1) re-analyses (ERA-Interim, MERRA2) and gridded observational data (Berkeley) and ii) 18 CMIP5 model runs combining historical (1950-2005) and scenario runs (2006-2018 under RCP 2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). Using these reanalyses, observational and CMIP5 multimodel ensemble data-sets we derived their statistics (climatological average, trends) and produced maps for the MENA region. In addition, the CMPI5 indices were compared with the indices derived from the observational and reanalyses and their biases were revealed through spatial (maps) and temporal (time-series) comparison. It is found, as expected, that the choice of the RCP does not make any difference in the calculations up to 2018 but nevertheless the use of the three “scenarios” provides a better model sample for the evaluation against observations. Finally, the best performing global model realizations for the temperature extremes are revealed by the comparison of individual models with the re-analyses and observational data.


This paper gathers different views of economists on the causes and effects of financial crises. It also examines the position of professors of economics on the path chosen by contemporary economics. The article briefly discusses the causes of the global economic crisis of the 21st century, running them through Hyman Minsky's model. It also looks at the effects of the crisis along with the actions taken by different institutions in response to the crisis. The main purpose of the paper is to look closer at theoretical views and arguments presented by economists including Hyman Minsky, Paul Krugman, Charles Kindleberger, and Joseph Stiglitz.


Endogenous psychoses are pathological disorders of time sensation. Disorders generally classified as "mental insanity", "mental illness" or "psychoses" are disorders involving time. The mind can become derailed or go astray on the lines of time consciousness. Mental and biological life are inseparably interlinked on the basis of time, and will be apprehended by perception and experience as a uniform structure within the co-ordinates of space and time. In this manner, the "Body and Soul" problem loses the character of an insoluble riddle.


Laser light passes through a series of lenses to produce an image of the light source at a measured position. The light is then directed to a rotating mirror, which reflects the light to a fixed mirror at a known distance from the rotating mirror. The laser light is reflected back through its original path and a new image is formed at a slightly different position. The difference between final/initial positions, angular velocity of the rotating mirror and distance traveled by the light are then used to calculate the speed of light.