The invention provides a method of innocent treatment for dead and eliminative chickens by adopting an aerobic composting fermentation technology. The method is a treatment technology for the dead and eliminative chickens in a chicken farm raising cycle. In the period that chicks are corralled and the chickens are slaughtered, the chickens which die normally everyday can be treated by using the treatment technology. The treatment technology comprises the following steps: thermophilic microorganisms are added by using padding of a chicken farm, the aerobic composting fermentation technology is adopted, the temperature in the fermentation process can reach above 90-100 DEG C, and high temperature is maintained for a long time to completely achieve innocuity of the treatment for the dead and eliminative chickens. According to the invention, the method is simple, the operation is easy, the occupied area is small, the investment cost is low, and secondary pollution to environment cannot be achieved. Compared with conventional methods of incineration, deep burying and adoption of a digestion tank, obvious economic benefits, social benefits and environmental protection benefits are achieved.


Character-level Neural Machine Translation (NMT) models have recently achieved impressive results on many language pairs. They particularly do well for Indo-European language pairs, where the languages share the same writing system. However, for translating between Chinese and English, the gap between the two different writing systems poses a major challenge due to a lack of systematic correspondence between the individual linguistic units. In this paper, we enable character-level NMT for Chinese, by breaking down Chinese characters to linguistic units similar to that of Indo-European languages using the Wubi encoding scheme. We show promising results from training Wubi-based models on the subword- and character-level with recurrent as well as convolutional models.


The basis of this article is a conference presented in Marseille on April, 2nd, 2019, for the MUCEM (MUsée des Civilisations de l'Europe et de la Méditerranée / MUseum of European and Mediterranean Civilizations). This paper presents a exploratory study conducted in Rennes (France), about emotions evoked by three stage illusions presented in show magic: (1) "Sawing in half" illusion, (2) "Escaping a straitjacket" illusion, (3) "Harrow" illusion. Results of a free association task show that the chosen illusions are perceived to produce different emotions, but mainly the negative ones. Results reveal, too, that the illusions evoked are differently evaluated on their perceived attractiveness and their perceived danger. Results show a link between the illusions, the perception of danger, and the fascination they generate. Propositions for future research are formulated, at different levels of analysis: individual and psychosocial.


AbstractIn the region of the Carpathian-Pannonian Basin (44–50N; 13–28E) 81 earthquakes have moment magnitude (Mw); 61 of them are crustal events (focal depth <65 km) while 20 earthquakes belong to the intermediate focal depth region of the Vrancea (Romania) zone. For crustal events the regression of moment magnitude (Mw) on local magnitude (Ml) shows a better fit for large magnitudes using a second order equation against to a linear relationship, and the actual quadratic formula based on 61 events is the following: $$\matrix{{{M_w} = 1.37( \pm 0.28) + 0.39( \pm 0.18){M_l} + 0.061( \pm 0.026)M_l^2} \cr {({M_w}:1.9 - 5.5;{M_l}:1.4 - 5.5).}\cr}$$
 In the intermediate focal depth Vrancea zone of the south-eastern bend of the Carpathians (44.5−46.5N; 25.5−28.0E) the number of body wave magnitudes is the largest one (20) among the local (8), the surface wave (14) and the duration (17) magnitudes. The linear relationship between the moment (Mw) and the body wave (Mb) magnitudes has the following form: $$\matrix{{{M_w} = 1.20( \pm 0.08){M_b} - 0.76( \pm 0.40)} \;\;\;\; {({M_w}:4.1 - 7.7;{M_b}:3.8 - 7.3).}\cr}$$
 The relationships of the different (Ml, Ms, Mb, Md) magnitudes are also presented in the paper.


Full wafer charge coupled device interferometry is a new technique that can be used for in situ monitoring of plasma etching. The use of this technique to optimize an electron cyclotron resonance etch process for TaSiN and its application to x-ray mask fabrication are presented. Fine tuning of the etch process was performed by optimizing the microwave power and the collimating magnet current. Under optimized conditions, etch rate uniformity (3σ) across a 4 in. substrate was as low as 2%. The full wafer interferometer enables in situ uniformity measurements, thus minimizing process development time. The etch process has been used to successfully fabricate sub-0.25 μm x-ray masks.


An all-optical pump-probe technique has been employed to investigate the nonlinear magnetization dynamics of a 10 nm Fe/MgO(001) thin film in time domain. The magnetization precession was excited by pump-laser pulses and modulated by laser fluence variations. With increasing the laser fluence up to 7.1 mJ/cm2, in addition to the uniform precession mode, a second harmonic signal was detected. The time evolution of the second harmonic signal was obtained in time-frequency domain. Based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation, the numerical simulation was performed to reproduce the observed the frequency doubling behaviors in Fe/MgO(001) film.


Consider an empirical measure $\mathbb{P}_n$ induced by $n$ iid samples from a $d$-dimensional $K$-subgaussian distribution $\mathbb{P}$ and let $\gamma = \mathcal{N}(0,\sigma^2 I_d)$ be the isotropic Gaussian measure. We study the speed of convergence of the smoothed Wasserstein distance $W_2(\mathbb{P}_n * \gamma, \mathbb{P}*\gamma) = n^{-\alpha + o(1)}$ with $*$ being the convolution of measures. For $K<\sigma$ and in any dimension $d\ge 1$ we show that $\alpha = {1\over2}$. For $K>\sigma$ in dimension $d=1$ we show that the rate is slower and is given by $\alpha = {(\sigma^2 + K^2)^2\over 4 (\sigma^4 + K^4)}<1/2$. This resolves several open problems in \cite{goldfeld2020convergence}, and in particular precisely identifies the amount of smoothing $\sigma$ needed to obtain a parametric rate. In addition, we also establish that $D_{KL}(\mathbb{P}_n * \gamma \|\mathbb{P}*\gamma)$ has rate $O(1/n)$ for $K<\sigma$ but only slows down to $O({(\log n)^{d+1}\over n})$ for $K>\sigma$. The surprising difference of the behavior of $W_2^2$ and KL implies the failure of $T_{2}$-transportation inequality when $\sigma<K$. Consequently, the requirement $K<\sigma$ is necessary for validity of the log-Sobolev inequality (LSI) for the Gaussian mixture $\mathbb{P} * \mathcal{N}(0, \sigma^{2})$, closing an open problem in \cite{wang2016functional}, who established the LSI under precisely this condition.


The increasing volume of ocean traffic, global warming and climate change have raised the urgency of the shipping industry to prioritize their efforts in sustainability. The shipping industry is currently under significant pressure to comply with stricter environmental regulations in order to operate in a cleaner and greener approach. Hence, this study aims to promote a sustainable shipping industry that is able to strike a balance between their economic, social and environmental performance. As such, this research intends to focus on the sustainability of the shipping companies by introducing green shipping practices (GSP) to help shipping companies to achieve sustainability based on the triple bottom line framework. GSP is not only limited to one aspect of the business operations, but it also includes the entire shipping industry. This study conceptualizes GSP for shipping companies within six dimensions, which are company policy and procedure, shipping documentation, shipping equipment, shipping service providers' cooperation, shipping materials and shipping design for compliance. This research also introduces the role of rational culture as a moderator in facilitating sustainability that yields business benefits.


The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is an important insect pest of cruciferous crops. Understanding its preference patterns can lead to more efficient management methods, such as trap crops. Several strains of P. xylostella were used to test whether there were differences in oviposition preference in a four-choice setting, on abaxial versus adaxial leaf surfaces in 28 different plant species, and on substrates with different concentrations of sinigrin (allylglucosinolate). Additionally, the larval preference of P. xylostella was studied with 17 plant species of known glucosinolate content that were compared to Arabidopsis thaliana L. in two-choice tests. Our research shows that the diet on which P. xylostella has fed hardly affects multiple-choice host-plant preference, abaxial and adaxial oviposition preference, or oviposition response to pure glucosinolates. Our study also shows that glucosinolate content affects larval preference, which together with the known correlation between glucosinolate content and P. xylostella oviposition, indicates that crops with high glucosinolate content could be more susceptible to damage by P. xylostella than crops with low glucosinolate content. These findings are discussed in regards to their significance in the management of P. xylostella.


. Spider silks possess a remarkable combination of high tensile strength and extensibility that makes them among the toughest materials known. Despite the potential exploitation of these properties in biotechnology, very few silks have ever been characterized mechanically. This is due in part to the difficulty of measuring the thin diameters of silk fibers. The largest silk fibers are only 5–10 μm in diameter and some can be as fine as 50 nm in diameter. Such narrow diameters, coupled with the refraction of light due to the anisotropic nature of crystalline regions within silk fibers, make it difficult to determine the size of silk fibers. Here, we report upon a technique that uses polarized light microscopy (PLM) to accurately and precisely characterize the diameters of spider silk fibers. We found that polarized light microscopy is as precise as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) across repeated measurements of individual samples of silk and resulted in mean diameters that were ∼0.10 μm larger than those from SEM. Furthermore, we demonstrate that thread diameters within webs of individual spiders can vary by as much as 600%. Therefore, the ability of PLM to non-invasively characterize the diameters of each individual silk fiber used in mechanical tests can provide a crucial control for natural variation in silk diameters, both within webs and among spiders.


This article introduced the application of grief theory in hospice care in the following aspects,which including:①providing physiological care,such as pain management and daily life care to make the patients comfortable as possible and relieve their loss and grief;②providing psychological care according to different phrase of grief;③providing support for the patients' family members.


It has been said that the cold-worked aluminium of such a high purity as 99.9986 % is sel'f-annea!ed at room temperature similarly as pure silver. From the present experiment, it was found that se;:-annealing phenomenon during the cold ro!ling of such a heavy reduction as 90 % takes places !ocally in the highest purity a!uminium foi! (99.998 %). It was also ascertained that the recrystallization occurs even in the high-purity aluminium whose purity is 99.992 % after 24 months' ageing at room temperature.


Anifrolumab (ANI) a human monoclonal antibody to type I interferon receptor subunit 1 has been recently approved for the treatment of SLE. In SLE, the skin is not only a target but also a key- driver of the autoimmune response via the production of type I IFN.To evaluate the efficacy of ANI in real-life under the early access program (09/2021 – 03.2022).A total of seven patients (all female, mean age 50 years, disease duration 15 years) with SLE- diagnosis based on ACR1997 or SLICC or EULAR/ACR 2019 classification criteria for SLE and inadequate response to prior immunosuppressive therapies received ANI from 09/2021 until 03.2022 as part of an early access program. Patients' demographics, clinical and laboratory characteristics, disease activity (SLEDAI-2K, CLASI) were recorded at baseline and first months of the administration of ANI.Active skin disease was the dominant clinical manifestation of all patients for the administration of ANI (subacute cutaneous lupus in 6/7, discoid lupus in 3/7, severe chemeltular lesions in one patient). Patients had received an average of 5.1 immunosuppressive drugs before ANI, with an inadequate response. The mean (SD) SLEDAI index at baseline was 6.9 (1.1) and the mean (SD) prednisone dose 2.7 (2.8) mg/day. In reference to the skin disease, mean (SD) CLASI (Activity/Damage) before first administration of ANI was 9.9/1.4 (6.3)/(2.2). A rapid response of the skin disease, especially the subacute cutaneous lupus lesions, was observed from the first injection of ANI. As expected, the results were less prominent in patients who had discoid lupus lesions, although patients reported subjective improvement. The mean (SD) SLEDAI, CLASI and daily prednisone dose are 3.4 (1.8), 3/1.4 (1.4/2.2) and 2.5 (2.5) mg, respectively. After a mean (SD) follow-up of 5.7 (2.0) months, one patient discontinued ANI due to VZV infection.IFN inhibition is effective for the treatment of refractory cutaneous lupus manifestations. The prompt response of the dermatologic disease to ANI likely reflects the beneficial effects of neutralization of IFN on the autoimmune and vasculopathic processes in SLE.[1]Furie R et al- Anifrolumab, an Anti-Interferon-α Receptor Monoclonal Antibody, in Moderate-to-Severe Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017 Feb;69(2):376-386[2]Rodero, MP et al -Type I interferon–mediated monogenic autoinflammation: The type I interferonopathies, a conceptual overview, J Exp Med 2016; 2013(12): 2527-38NIL.None Declared.


The oil boom of the 1970s in Nigeria has negatively impacted the young generation's psychology about agriculture. This has led to a continued drain of workforces. The general view on agriculture is of a 'murky' business, as such always relegated within choices. Myriad programs and projects are being rolled out to revamp agriculture and attract youth in Nigeria. However, they remain largely with insignificant positive results and most of them with little or no deliberate appeal strategy towards enchanting youth. This research analyses the level of youth involvement in agribusinesses in Jigawa, describes and analyses ICTs landscape, then presents innovative approaches towards enchanting youth for agri-preneurial enterprises. Purposive sampling was used to select locations of data collection while convenient sampling was employed to elicit data. Results reveal that the youth entrepreneurial involvement is towards marketing, while a robust ICTs platform exist for supporting enterprises. Also, three packages were drawn and presented for the promotion of agri-prenuership in Nigeria.


X-ray emission from runaway electrons on ATF is a serious issue. Runaway suppression techniques used on Heliotron-E are not adequate for ATF. Three approaches have been developed to suppress runaway production. Monitoring devices have been installed in occupied areas and personnel access and exposure will be limited. Additional shielding will be added as required. These systems will be ready for installation and testing on ATF prior to commissioning or first plasma operation.


A 45-year-old man with a strong family history of premature heart disease has no symptoms of coronary disease and a normal electrocardiogram. His fasting level of total cholesterol is 225 mg per deciliter, the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level is 160 mg per deciliter, and the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level is 35 mg per deciliter. He has no history of hypertension and does not smoke cigarettes. Should he be advised to take aspirin to reduce his risk of myocardial infarction?


Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of ThromCat Thrombectomy Catheter System (TTC) in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Methods: Percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) were performed in 14 patients with ACS. The success of procedure, TTC clinical success and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) after follow-up for 30 days were analyzed. Results: The success of procedure was achieved in 11 patients. TTC clinical success was achieved in 10 patients. PCI success (residual diameter stenosis 50% without major adverse cardiac events) was achieved in 13 patients. TIMI flow grading increased from 0.5(2.0) before ThromCat thrombectomy to 2.0(1.0) after treatment (P 0.01), and myocardial blush grade (MBG) increased from 1.0(2.0) before ThromCat thrombectomy to 2.0(1.0) after treatment (P 0.01). Conclusion: TTC can be used simply, safely and effectively to remove the thrombus from the native coronary artery without severe calcification in patients with ACS. Thrombus removal might facilitate subsequent PCI safer and uncomplicated in patients.


bone was considered as ideal bone for sex determination after skull. Material and Method:- This study was carried out on 120 dried human hip bones and classified them in to three groups according to nine visual criteria Male, female and Unknown group. Out of 120 hip bones 45% were male, 30% were female and remaining 25% were related with unknown group. Pelvic brim chord and pelvic brim depth were measured and index was calculated. These three parameters were statistically analyzed. Results:- Mean values of pelvic brim chord, pelvic brim depth and pelvic brim chord index( PBCX PBD) were higher in female as compared male and unknown sex group hip bones. Difference of the mean of these measurements statistically analyzed and P value >0.133 for pelvic brim chord, P value- 0.001 for prelvic brim depth and pelvic brim chord index was found. Conclusion:- After statistical analysis It was found that there was significant difference in the mean value of pelvic brim depth and pelvic brim chord index. And difference in the mean value of pelvic brim chord was not statistically significant.


A synthesis method of fatty alcohol sulfate belongs to the synthesis technical field of sulfate-type anion surface activator of organic chemistry. The invention uses fatty alcohol as raw material, which is characterized by using sulfamic acid as sulfation agent and using urea as catalyst to process sulfation reaction on fatty alaochol and sulfamic in the catalytic presence of urea and nitrogen gas protection, neutralizing with alkali solution, vacuuming to remove generated ammonia gas and dilutes by water to prepare fatty alcohol sulfate, wherein the fatty alcohol and sulfamic acid are present in a mol ratio of 1:1.0 to 2.0 and the mol ratio of fatty alcohol and catalyst urea is 1:0.2 to 1.0. The invention reasonably utilizes sulfamic as sulfation agent and urea as catalyst to process sulfation modification on fatty alcohol to synthesize fatty alcohol sulfate, which has simple process and less side reaction, requires mild reaction condition and simple equipment, thus is suitable for intermittent production with low equipment investment.


The structure of the West End of the Ochils, where they terminate in the cliff overlooking Bridge of Allan and the Forth valley, is well exposed in many fine natural sections. Their extreme west end consists of massive beds of volcanic conglomerate, seen well in the narrow pathways behind Airthrey Castle. These are only irregularly bedded, and, while large blocks are few, they are, on the whole, coarse, and contain little fine detritus. The blocks have a rounded and distinctly water-worn appearance, and it is possible, every here and there, to find among them nests and patches of sand and shale, in a few places, amounting to distinct beds of sandstone. The general dip is to the N.W. about 10°. The lavas are strikingly limited in development in the western area, while, as we ascend the slopes of Dumyat, they gradually become more and more important, and, finally, in very great measure replace the fragmental rocks. In the precipitous face of the hill overlooking Menstrie and Logie Church, every bed of lava and ash can be well seen, as they follow one another in regular succession. They form a regularly interbedded series, the lavas thinning out gradually as they pass westwards, while the ash beds close over them—a feature suggesting their origin from a volcanic focus situated to the eastward or southeastward. On the level moor, which forms the back of Dumyat, the sections are not quite so clear, but the structure is not difficult to read. The Sherriffmuir Road,


Performing memories is a way of working through and reconstructing the self. Films that draw on autobiographical experiences are a way of working through and constructing narratives of the self. How can memory work be applied to the writing and filmmaking process? Can memory work, with its focus on personal and embodied experience, lead us to a more truthful account of our individual histories and ourselves? In addressing these questions, I draw on sociological and memory studies into autobiographical memory in my examination of the screenwriting work of Australian actor/writer Daniel Monks. Monks' films Marrow (2015) and Pulse (2017) are adapted and developed from the author's personal memories and experiences. Identifying as disabled and queer, Monks' work straddles the fact-fiction divide, enabling the social and personal to dynamically interact, producing drama narratives where the body is the primary site for retelling and sharing with an audience his need to be seen. My study includes original drafts of screenplays, produced films and interviews with Monks on his writing and development processes. Demonstrating how Monks uses and refigures his body within a cinematic landscape, I aim to promote discussion on how individual memories function as dynamic and interconnected sources for the screenwriter/filmmaker.


For the past 30 years, it has been the practice of our group to perform routine blood sugar tests on all new patients. Because we believe that this is an important method of detecting diabetes, this paper is presented in order to illustrate some of the results we obtained. Our method is advocated for general use in office practice. If all physicians who demand that a complement fixation test for syphilis be performed on all patients would obtain a blood sugar test as well, many cases of early diabetes would be detected. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study presents data on the number of new patients in our practice who, solely because the initial blood sugar level was elevated, were later proved to have diabetes. A total of 2,357 consecutive patients entering all services of the diagnostic division of the Cleveland Clinic constitutes the basis of this survey. The majority of


For $m = 3, 4, ...$, let $\lambda_m = 2 \cos \pi/m$, let $G(\lambda_m)$ be a Hecke group, and let $J_m (m = 3, 4, ...$) be a triangle function for $G(\lambda_m)$ such that, when normalized appropriately, $J_3$ becomes Klein's $j$-invariant $ j(z) = 1/e^{2 \pi i z} + 744 + ... $ and $J_m(z)$ has a Fourier expansion $ J_m(z) = \sum_{n=-1}^\infty a_n(m)q_m^n $ with $q_m(z) = \exp 2 \pi i z/\lambda_m$. Raleigh \cite{raleigh1962fourier} conjectures that, for each non-negative integer $n$, there is a rational function $F_n(x)$ with coefficients in $\mathbb{Q}$ such that $a_n(m) = F_n(m)/a_{-1}(m)^n$. We offer a similar conjecture for normalizations of the $J_m$ and extend it to normalizations of other modular forms on the $G(\lambda_m)$. We discuss a modular form for $m = 6$ that appears to detect the integers represented by the quadratic form $x^2+xy+y^2$, and a property of the polynomials interpolating Hecke group analogues of classical Eisenstein series that appears to detect primality. We study cusp forms
that reduce to the modular discriminant (generating function of Ramanujan's tau function) at $m = 3$.


The Pfaffian-Grassmannian correspondence relates certain pairs of derived equivalent non-birational Calabi-Yau 3-folds. Given such a pair, I construct a set of derived equivalences corresponding to mutations of an exceptional collection on the relevant Grassmannian, and give a mirror symmetry interpretation, following a physical analysis of Eager, Hori, Knapp, and Romo.


Corrosion in onshore pipelines follows a degradation process that is affected by the surrounding soil, pipeline age, and the condition of the pipe protection. Pipeline operators frequently use In-Line (ILI) inspections to detect and measure metal loss at the wall thickness both at the inner and outer wall every 2 to 6 years, which are then used for evaluating pipe reliability. However, new defects can appear between consecutive inspections, which affects the initial predictions. This paper assesses the spatial distribution of these defects based on a real case study to define the potential location of new defects seeking for accurately reliability estimations. For this purpose, a Complete Spatial Randomness hypothesis is evaluated based on the Nearest Neighbor criterion and the effect location to the weld joints.


This article present the procedure to obturate the large root canal by thermoplasticized gutta percha injection technique. This operation was performed in a 15 years old boy whom maxillary left and right central incisors were extracted by an accidental traumatic injury. After a period of six months follow up, the patient has no sign of pain and swelling. The function of the teeth are normal.


Through the analysis of Wacker circumfluence, Hadley cell, sub-tropical high pressure and typhoon, etc., and combining the abnormalities in precipitation and temperature in Guangxi, it is concluded that when El Nino occurs, marine temperature in the equator east Pacific rises abnormally, changing Wacker circumfluence and Hadley cell, strengthening the sub-tropical high pressure and reducing the generation of typhoon, which leads to the more flooded in early flood season and more drought in late flood season and the comparatively warmer climate in the whole year.


The purpose of this study is to research the actual condition of environment and management of outdoor play at child care centers in Seoul, and to present a planning guideline for outdoor play environment. For this purpose, data were collected by a structured questionnaire and subjects were 164 dire...


Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and the economic effectiveness of three different therapeutic schemes for chronic hepatitis B.Methods Using pharmaconomical cost-effectiveness analysis on three therapeutic schemes.(group A of lamivudine,group B of lamivudine and matrine orally taken,and group C of lamivudine and matrine vein injection)for 97 cases chronic hepatitis B,were retrospectivly evaluated.Results From the efficacy,in unit effect of decreasing ALT and in unit effect of HBeAg negative conversion(the ratio of three groups were respectivly 78.95%,96.77%and100%;in unit effect of negative conversion,the ratio of three groups were respectivly 23.68%,45.16%and 64.29%),the effect of group A was the worst,obviously worse compared with group B(P0.05)and group C was the best(P0.01);in unit of HBV-DNA negative conversion(the ratio of 3 groups were 71.05%,77.42% and 89.29%),there were no obvious differences among three groups.(P0.05).By pharmaconomical cost-effectiveness analysis,the expenses of group A cost in the similar effect of decreasing ALT,HbeAg negative conversion was lowest(81.18 yuan and 90.20 yuan respectivly),but the expenses of group C cost in the similar effect of HBV-DNA negative conversion was lowest(167.08 yuan).Conclusion The therapeutic scheme A should be chosen preferentially,as well as according to difference of clinical specific indexes.Therapeutics scheme C can also be used when the money was enough.


Abstract This contribution reviews recent developments in the law and policy of healthcare decision-making by, with and for adults with learning disabilities. In particular, it considers the impact of the Mental Capacity Act 2005 and the reforms outlined in the Department of Health's (2005) White Paper Our Health, Our Care, Our Say: A New Direction for Community Services , and the Local Authority Circular (2008) Transforming Social Care. Pressing issues such as the concept of choice for vulnerable adults and the challenges for professionals in assessing decision-making ability are assumed within these policy frameworks. Other issues, such as the importance of creating time to engage and involve vulnerable adults in decision-making about their health, continue to present challenges for healthcare policy and practice.


BACKGROUND: Spirituality is an essential factor for HIV/AIDS patients. Spirituality helps a person to achieve balance, improves health, well-being, and adapt to illness. There are several factors related to the spiritual needs of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). One of them is the characteristic of PLWHA.

AIM: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between spiritual needs with characteristic PLWHA.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study design that included 103 PLWHA was conducted from July 2020 to August 2020 in HIV Service Clinic, Garut Regency, Indonesia. We used Spiritual Needs Questionnaire 2.1 (SpNQ 2.1) to collect the data. Chi-square was used for variable analysis.

RESULTS: The dimension of religious needs has the highest score mean = 13.51, SD = 5.434, and existence needs have the lowest score with mean = 10.49, SD = 4.752 compared to other dimensions. The Chi-square test results showed that there was a significant relationship between gender (p = 0.012) and length of diagnosis (p = 0.019) on the spiritual needs of PLWHA.

CONCLUSION: Spiritual needs have a significant relationship with the characteristics of PLWHA. All dimensions of spiritual needs become essential for people with HIV/AIDS.


AN INVESTIGATION OF THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF THREE CONTINUOUS HIGHWAY BRIDGES SUBJECTED TO BOTH A STANDARD TEST VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LOADINGS HAS BEEN CONDUCTED. COMPREHENSIVE STUDIES OF BRIDGE RESPONSE UNDER TRAFFIC LOADINGS WERE MADE MADE USING DATA FROM OVER 2,700 HEAVY TRUCK TRAFFIC CROSSINGS; IN ADDITION, DETERMINISTIC STUDIES OF BRIDGE BEHAVIOR WERE MADE USING DATA FROM SOME 130 TEST RUNS WITH THE FHWA VEHICLE. THE EXPERIMENTAL DATA CONSISTS OF THE VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS AND SETS OF STRAIN AND DEFLECTION RECORDS FOR EACH TRUCK DESCRIBING THE TIME-HISTORY OF RESPONSE AT SELECTED LOCATIONS ON THE BRIDGE. SYSTEMS OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED TAKING ADVANTAGE OF RECENT ADVANCES IN DATA RECORDING AND PROCESSING HARDWARE TO ALLOW HIGHLY AUTOMATED RECORDINGS, REDUCTION AND ANALYSIS OF THE DATA. A SIGNIFICANT CHARACTERISTIC OF THE STUDY IS THAT THE RESPONSE-HISTORIES FOR EACH VEHICLE CROSSING ARE RETAINED AS PERMANENT RECORDS IN COMPUTER BASED DISK OR TAPE FILES. RESULTS ARE PRESENTED AND DISCUSSED FOR A LIMITED SERIES OF TESTS; A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF THE RESULTS WILL BE INCLUDED IN THE FINAL REPORT OF THE INVESTIGATION. /NTIS/


In this paper,progress in some aspects of analytical sciences have been reviewed,and the trends of their developments have been discussed.


The availability of nucleoside analogues with ambiguous base-pairing properties would be of considerable value in molecular biology. We have incorporated deoxynebularine [9-(2-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl)purine, P], deoxyinosine [9-(2-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-6-hydroxypurine, I) and [9-(2-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-6-methoxyaminopurine, MeOA] into hexadecamer oligodeoxyribonucleotides and tested their behaviour in DNA•DNA hybridisations in vitro, as well as in oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis experiments in vivo. The results showed that P behaved as an adenine analogue in all assays. Oligonucleotide duplexes containing I/C or I/T base pairs displayed similar thermal stabilities in DNA•DNA hybridisation experiments, however, during DNA synthesis in vitro and in vivo, hypoxanthine behaved strictly as a guanine analogue. Only MeOA was truly ambiguous in all assays. The 1H NMR spectrum of the nucleoside demonstrated the existence of two distinct tautomeric forms in a ratio of ca 8 : 2, implying that the base might pair with both C and T. Indeed, within the context of synthetic hexadecamer duplexes, MeOA/C and MeOA/T pairs brought about a similar thermal destabilisation, with the former base pair being only marginally less favoured. When used as hybridisation probes on single-stranded M13 DNA, the MeOA-containing hexadecamer oligonucleotides were shown to bind with similar efficiencies to target sequences containing either C or T opposite the analogue. Interestingly, when MeOA is in the template strand during DNA replication, the polymerase III holoenzyme of E. coli reads it predominantly as a G, which indicates that MeOA exists in B-DNA mostly as the anti-imino tautomer.


Strain-deformed state of the earth's crust of northwestern and central parts of the Ukrainian Shield while jointing the terrains of Fennoscandia and Sarmatia and forming of the Korosten and the Korsun-Novomirgorod plutons of gabbro-anorthosites and rapakivi has been considered here. It is shown that the difference determined by fracturing in the orientation of the axes of the main normal stresses in the formation of the Korosten and Korsun-Novomirgorod plutons in the interval of 1,75-1,8 Ga was according to the fracture formation of the first pluton ahead of the second one at ~10 Ma and Sarmatia turn counterclockwise to 54°.


Aim: The objective of this study was to examine the carrier status of theileriosis among apparently healthy cross-bred jersey cattle population of Odisha using conventional blood smear examination and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Materials and Methods: A total of 34 apparently healthy cross-bred Jersey lactating cows were considered in this study. Blood samples were subjected to microscopic examination after staining with Giemsa stain and PCR based molecular diagnosis using two sets of primer, i.e., N516/N517 and TorF1/TorF2 specific for Theileria annulata and Theileria orientalis, respectively. Results: Examination of blood samples revealed presence of theileria parasites to a magnitude of 20.59% for T. annulata, 8.82% for T. orientalis, and 2.94% for both. Conclusion: Molecular diagnosis was found to be much more sensitive than conventional method for diagnosis of theileriosis. T. annulata was found to be the predominant species affecting the exotic cattle. T. orientalis was detected in apparently healthy cows.


The bio-based polyester, poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF), was modified by 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol (CBDO) via copolymerization and a series of copolyesters poly(ethylene-co-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol 2,5-furandicarboxylate)s (PETFs) were prepared. After their chemical structures and sequence distribution were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (H-1-NMR and C-13-NMR), their thermal, mechanical, and gas barrier properties were investigated in detail. Results showed that when the content of CBDO unit in the copolyesters was increased up to 10 mol%, the completely amorphous copolyesters with good transparency could be obtained. In addition, with the increasing content of CBDO units in the copolyesters, the glass transition temperature was increased from 88.9 degrees C for PET to 94.3 degrees C for PETF-23 and the tensile modulus was increased from 3000 MPa for PEF to 3500 MPa for PETF-23. The barrier properties study demonstrated that although the introduction of CBDO units would increase the O-2 and CO2 permeability of PEF slightly, PECF-10 still showed better or similar barrier properties compared with those of PEN and PEI. In one word, the modified PEF copolyesters exhibited better mechanical properties, higher glass transition temperature, good barrier properties, and better clarity. They have great potential to be the bio-based alternative to the popular petroleum-based poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) when used as the beverage packaging materials. (c) 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3298-3307


Any type of machinery has its own rule of development and evolution.The evolutionary rule of the displacement fluid machinery was analyzed and concluded from the perspectives of the structure.On this basis,its evolutionary and variable context of main structure were classified and organized for the purpose of offering references for compiling evolutionary lineages of all types of fluid machinery and the innovation-design.


Climate change is an increasingly critical issue impacting coasts and coast structures, leading to erosion, flooding, sea level rise, etc. These significantly impact not only the environment and society, but also the regional infrastructure and economy. This study focused on assessing the costs associated with climate change along the coast of Catalonia. An innovative tool in Python called GCIFS (Georeferenced Impact Forecast System) was developed for the assessment, which is based on LiDAR measurements, cartography, and online databases to predict future coastlines and economic impacts. The proposed methodology considered unique beach-specific scenarios, and multiple direction and altitude vectors to identify difficult-to-erode areas and existing protections were generated. Seven approaches based on forecasted sea-level rise with and without coastal geomorphology were applied to 262 beaches. Local impact factors and potential protection, using detailed data on infrastructure and building typology, were included in the cost evaluation, resulting in estimated costs by the year 2100 of EUR 8846.00 million for the worst-case scenario, EUR 3587.36 million for a conservative prediction including geomorphology, and EUR 822.67 million for a prediction based on local erosion and geomorphology. It was concluded that 170,676 m of protection structures is required. The selected approach, technologies, and detailed information are critical for an adequate assessment.


The mechanical structure known as Stewart–Gough platform is the most representative parallel robot with a wide variety of applications in many areas. Despite the intensive study on the kinematics, dynamics, and control of the Stewart–Gough platform, many details about these topics are still a challenging problem. In this work, the use of automatic dynamic analysis of multibody systems software for the kinematic and dynamic analysis of the Stewart–Gough platform is proposed. Moreover, a co-simulation automatic dynamic analysis of multibody systems (ADAMS)-MATLAB is developed for motion control of the Stewart–Gough platform end-effector. This computational approach allows the numerical solution for the kinematics, dynamics, and motion control of the Stewart–Gough platform and a considerable reduction on the analytical and programming effort. The obtained results in the three topics (kinematics, dynamics, and control) are validated by comparing them with analytical results reported in the literature. This kind of computational approach allows for the creation of virtual prototypes and saves time and resources in the development of Stewart–Gough platform-based robots applications.


Patients with chronic fatigue and nervousness plague every practicing physician. They usually present a relatively simple diagnostic but a difficult therapeutic problem, although at times the diagnosis also may be difficult. General lack of understanding of the cause of the symptoms and particularly of the proper therapy of patients with these complaints is indicated by the wide range of measures which have been used in their treatment. Almost every known drug and surgical procedure have been used. It is generally believed that one third to two thirds of all patients who seek medical help have as the most significant cause of ill health an emotional or neurotic disturbance. This disturbance may manifest itself in a large variety of ways, but nervousness and fatigue are among the commonest symptoms. Associated physical diseases may be present. In Allan and Kaufman's series of 1,000 general medical cases, there were both physical and mental


The managerial issues in a borderless world are becoming far more intricate and complex and requires to be handled differently at different levels in diverse situations. There is a need to resolve the paradoxes in literature regarding various schools of thought, and as a response to this a flexible systems approach to management is presented as a spectral and integrative paradigm. The critical managerial issues in the borderless world are outlined, and the utility of this spectral and integrative paradigm is emphasized for handling them effectively.<<ETX>>


The master thesis, conducted at Metrima AB, concerns the development of a non-intrusivedistribution meter as a basis for individual tap water billing in apartments.The project is conducted in respo ...


Depending on electricity generation method, mass-market penetration of electric vehicles has the potential to dramatically reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants, and to reduce dependency on fossil fuels. This paper presents a novel methodology for Local Government Authorities (LGAs) to identify suitable locations for the initial provision of residential on-street Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV) charging infrastructure in urban areas. Provision of such infrastructure removes a barrier to PEV uptake. The methodology is practical for LGAs to use within limited resources because it is based on simple Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis of routinely available census and parking data to identify the spatial overlaps between areas where residents are most likely to be PEV users and areas with a high reliance on residential on-street parking. The methodology has been implemented in practice to determine a charging infrastructure installation strategy for Southampton, UK, where 128 streets (out of 1,924 in total) were recommended as suitable locations. The recommended streets were reviewed by participants possessing detailed familiarity with Southampton during a workshop and generally assessed as sensible locations for the initial installation of residential on-street charge points.


Overview Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex disorder whose diagnosis may be difficult to establish on clinical grounds and whose genetic basis is heterogeneous. Slightly >70% of cases are due to a 15q11q13 deletion in the paternally contributed chromosome. These deletions are optimally detected by FISH utilizing SNRPN (small nuclear ribonucleoprotein N) and alpha-satellite DNA probes. Approximately 28% of cases of PWS are due to maternal uniparental disomy (UPD). This abnormality can best be documented using microsatellite probes. Less than 2% of cases have an abnormality in the imprinting process, which causes nonexpression of paternal genes in the PWS critical region. The latter group is detectable through identification of parent-of-origin differences by using methylation-sensitive SNRPN or PW71B probes, a process called methylation analysis. Chromosome analysis is usually a routine part of the evaluation of these patients, in order to rule out other abnormalities, and will also detect rare instances of tr anslocations or other chromosome rearrangements. Although high-resolution chromosome analysis will reveal many interstitial deletions, it is no longer considered sufficient.


Over the last ten years, reduced competitiveness especially among European industry specialists, changing priorities in the international textile and fashion market, and world-wide financial un ertainties have caused a global restructuring of the textile and clothing sector. Manufacturers have revised employment patterns and worsening socio-economic conditions have prompted regions to rethink their plans for economic development. In response to the pressures of a global transformation of the sector, some regions of the European Union with long-standing expertise in the textiles and clothing industry, have joined forces to capitalise on best policy initiatives and to creatively support small to medium sized enterprises or SMEs, in the textile and clothing sector. (Plustex Project 2012)


formerly abundant species that garnered little attention from commercial fishers at first was the diamondbacked terrapin. By the middle years of the nineteenth century, however, "proggers" were wading the shallow waters of the bay and its tributaries in search of terrapin meat and eggs. High demand for this Maryland delicacy eventually caused populations to plummet, and today the state prohibits their harvest. Likewise, "tonging" and "dredging" supported an oyster canning industry that employed 8,687 workers in 1890 but a mere 900 workers in 1936– 37, with a similar impact on numbers of harvesters (50). Overharvesting extended to avian species as well. Indeed, the "thunderous sounds of massed beating wings," so common into the nineteenth century, fell all but silent as hunters and poachers using punt guns, sink boxes, and battery guns engaged in a massive slaughter of ducks, geese, and other waterfowl (65). Only the blue crab fishery remains productive today. Although much of this book is about what has been lost, Kennedy remains sanguine, albeit realistic, about the future of the bay: "For a number of reasons, including the loss or degradation of habitat caused by increased human population in the watershed, we will undoubtedly not be able to return the Chesapeake Bay to the productivity of the 1800s." And yet, he argues, appreciating what the bay "was once capable of supporting ecologically and economically" may help us set a higher baseline for our restoration efforts (101). Perhaps this is the book's greatest contribution— that the Chesapeake Bay our grandchildren experience and enjoy might resemble more closely the one our greatgrandparents would recognize.


Abstract: Quintuple friction pendulum (QFPS) bearing is a new generation sliding isolation system having multiple spherical sliding surfaces. The friction isolation system with single sliding surface is designed for a specific level of ground shaking, which may prove ineffective in case of other hazard levels. The QFPS bearing on the other hand, exhibits adaptive behavior and imparts greater amount of flexibility to the designer for various levels of earthquake shaking. Here, the effectiveness of Quintuple Friction pendulum system is carried out to study the seismic demands of base-isolated building frames with stiffness irregularities and plan irregularities subjected to various earthquake ground motions i.e. Far field ground motion, near field ground motion with fling step and near field ground motion with forward directivity by comparing their estimates with the benchmark responses obtained by the Non-Linear Time History Analysis (NLTHA). SAP 2000 Software has been used for the same. The two soft storey buildings and two buildings with plan irregularity will be modelled and analyzed. The seismic demands namely, Inter story drift, peak storey acceleration, maximum base shear are considered for the study.The reduction in absolute acceleration is found more in case of PI as compared to SS for all the considered time histories. The reduction in Maximum Base-Shear is found more in case of Plan irregularity as compared to Stiffness Irregularity (Soft Story) in all the considered Time History. In isolated structure, the Inter-storey drift is found to be maximum in case of structure having soft storey as compared to plan irregularity 1 and 2. Keywords: Multi storied RC structures, Plan irregularities, Soft storey, Quintuple Friction Pendulum, Non linear Time History Method(NLTHM)


It is important to set landmarks when a robot needs to navigate in a certain environment and to measure its own location; however, it has not been discussed well how to arrange landmarks in the optimal way until now. We, therefore, demonstrate the possibility of design of the optimal arrangement of artificial landmarks. First, we make it clear the optimization problem with regard to the arrangement of landmarks. Second, as one example of the artificial landmarks, we introduce a signboard system. Third, we propose a methodology to evaluate arrangement of landmarks assuming an obstacled rectangular environment. Fourth, we apply the algorithm of spatial competition to the optimal arrangement of landmarks. Finally, simulation results indicate that even though our method is not global optimization approach we can obtain closely optimal and practical arrangement with the minimum number of landmarks which satisfies the necessary condition.


Triple metallation of cyclotricatechylene (CTC) results in new cavitands with significantly extended rims and three reversible redox couples as determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and electrochemistry.


Virtual machine monitors (VMMs) are a popular platform for Internet hosting centers and cloud-based compute services. By multiplexing hardware resources among virtual machines (VMs) running commodity operating systems, VMMs decrease both the capital outlay and management overhead of hosting centers. Appropriate placement and migration policies can take advantage of statistical multiplexing to effectively utilize available processors. However, main memory is not amenable to such multiplexing and is often the primary bottleneck in achieving higher degrees of consolidation. Previous efforts have shown that content-based page sharing provides modest decreases in the memory footprint of VMs running similar operating systems and applications. Our studies show that significant additional gains can be had by leveraging both subpage level sharing (through page patching) and incore memory compression. We build Difference Engine, an extension to the Xen VMM, to support each of these---in addition to standard copy-on-write full-page sharing---and demonstrate substantial savings across VMs running disparate workloads (up to 65%). In head-to-head memory-savings comparisons, Difference Engine outperforms VMware ESX server by a factor 1.6--2.5 for heterogeneous workloads. In all cases, the performance overhead of Difference Engine is less than 7%.


An investigation of the infrared spectrum of S16O18O results in the following frequency assignment: ν1=1122±1 cm−1,  ν2=506.8±0.5 cm−1,  ν3=1341±0.5 cm−1. These data combined with the fundamental frequencies of S16O2 have been used to calculate the potential constants for sulfur dioxide. These are fd=10.02,  fdd=0.03,  1dfdα=0.20,  1d2fα=0.793.


This thesis pertains to the field of differential geometry. Its main objective is to study the generalized isometric embedding problem of vector bundles, whose solutions lead, among other things, to show the existence of the analogous of conservation laws when there are no symmetries for partial differential equations. The methods used to answer and solve this problem are geometric: the problem is translated and expressed in terms of an exterior differential system, and the existence (or not) of integral manifolds leads not only to show the existence of a generalized isometric embedding but also to determine the dimension of the target space. Using then the Cartan-Kahler theory, the generalized isometric embedding problem is solved in the conservation law case, i.e., when the covariantly closed vector valued differential form is of a degree one less than the dimension of the manifold. A corollary of this resulst is the existence of conservation laws for energy-mementum tensors. Positive answers are also given for the embedding of differential 1-forms and for an anti-self-dual covariantly closed differential 2-form on a 4-dimensional manifold with values in a rank 3 vector bundle endowed with a metric and an connection.


This paper introduced the calculation methods of live load,wind load,snow load of nuclear power plant accessory structure design under non-standard design service life,and discussed the ground motion parameters determination of power plant structure and the calculation method of earthquake action nuclear power plant structure under non-standard design service life,pointed out the matters should pay attention to in plant structure design,provided reference for similar engineering design and structure analysis.


Rhadinaea marcellae Taylor, 1949 is known from only 12 specimens. Based on recent fieldwork and research in scientific collections and databases, we report 14 new records of R. marcellae, bringing the total number of verified occurrences up to 26, updating our understanding of this secretive species' distribution in the tropical and cloud forests of the Sierra Madre Oriental in Mexico. The new records come from the Mexican states of Hidalgo, Puebla, San Luis Potosí and Veracruz. All the newly reported specimens are morphologically concordant with R. marcellae, but exhibit noteworthy variation.


PURPOSE
To report two cases of herpes simplex keratitis following excimer laser application.

METHODS
Two immunocompetent patients with no history of ocular viral infection developed ulcers after LASIK and phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK), respectively.

RESULTS
Antiviral treatment was administered, and the lesions healed within 14 days.

CONCLUSIONS
These two cases suggest that herpes simplex virus was associated with the use of the excimer laser.


Abstract Machine-component grouping is a basic step in the application of group technology to manufacturing. It is the process of finding families of similar parts (part-families) and forming the associated machine cells such that one or more part-families can be processed within a single cell. Among the algorithms used to form the machine cells, those based on the Similarity Coefficient Method (SCM) are more flexible in incorporating the manufacturing data into the machine-component grouping process. SCM is the application of clustering techniques in forming the machine cells. One of the major problems with SCM is that it generates a set of alternative solutions rather than a unique solution. The number and size of machine cells in a given solution depends upon the similarity coefficient (threshold value) at which machine cells/machines are joined. This paper discusses the problem of selecting a proper threshold value and presents a solution to it.


The genre of autobiographical comics has occupied an important function in the increasing acceptance of comics as a literary and artistic medium worthy of critical contemplation. This has been part...


AIMTo investigate the effects of the recombina nt human endostatin on adjuvant arthritis (AA) in rats and its mechanisms. METHODSThe model of rat AA was induced by injection of intradermal CFA. ConA and LPS induce d splencytes proliferation was examined by MTT asssy and the activities of inter leukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-2 were measured by the method of thymocytes prolifera tion. Synoviocytes were dispersed with incubation of collagenase and trypsin, an d IL-1, TNF production of synoviocytes was estimated with radio-immunity assay . RESULTSThe secondary inflammation of AA rats appeared on the 1 0th day after injection of CFA. The therapeutic administration of endostatin (0 1, 0 5, 2 5 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 , sc, ×7 d) was given at that time(d 10). It was found that endostatin significantly inhibited the secondary paw swel ling. The increased ConA-induced splenic lymphocyte proliferation reaction and the activated IL-1 and IL-2 activity of AA rats was reversed by the treatment with endostatin. Meanwhile,IL-1 produced by PMΦ was increased. Endostatin inh ibited IL-1 production from PMФ and IL-1 and reduced TNF level of Synoviocyte s in AA rats. CONCLUSIONThe recombinant human endostatin has the rapeutical effect on AA rats, its mechanisms is related to its immunoregulative function.


The purpose of this study was to investigate actual conditions of domestic violence toward pregnant women and clarify the kinds of support that are necessary for them. An interview-type screening of domestic violence was conducted involving 3,385 pregnant women from June 2003 through May 2008. The screening was performed 4 times during pregnancy. The researcher interviewed the pregnant woman about physical, mental, sexual violence. Out of these, 35 pregnant women described experiences of domestic violence. Their narratives were analyzed qualitatively. The following 7 kinds of violence were extracted from the contents of the interviews: "physical violence", "mental violence" "sexual violence", "social violence", "economic violence", "verbal violence", and "neglect". The peculiar symptoms caused by domestic violence were the aggravation of morning sickness, delivery onset, and social isolation. There was no case in which violence started at the beginning of pregnancy, suggesting that all victims had been abused before pregnancy. This study indicated that seven types of violence need to be screened for to assess domestic violence toward pregnant women, and healthcare providers should undergo training to identify the overlooked victims.


Very low threshold current density lasers with an 11 µm emission wavelength at 4.2 K have been fabricated from the lattice-matched Pb0.85Sn0.15Se0.02Te0.98-PbSe0.08Te0.92 DH wafers grown by liquid phase epitaxy on a Pb0.8Sn0.2Te substrate. The active layer thickness, which minimizes the threshold current density, has been determined to be about 1 µm from the calculated optical confinement factors assuming a linear gain-current relationship. Lasers with a 1 µm active layer thickness and a 500 µm cavity length exhibited threshold current densities as low as 65 A/cm2 at 4.2 K and 350 A/cm2 at 77 K. The measured internal optical loss was as low as 2.8 cm-1 at 4.2 K.


Few international relations (IR) experts will challenge the profound effects that environmental degradation has on the relationship between human and non-human systems and on their ability to survive. Yet this acknowledgement does not seem to produce an agreement on either the conceptualisation of an appropriate IR paradigm, or the best way for mainstreaming the environment in IR. This article provides an overview of the dominant perceptions of climate change in IR: either as a security concern, as a foreign policy issue or as a task that needs to be addressed via a global governance mechanism. The claim, however, is that the inability of IR to grapple convincingly with the issues of climate change reflects its neglect for the ecology within which human affairs are embedded. Thus, current criticisms emanate not because IR offers a truncated representation of the reality of world affairs, but because of its failure to acknowledge that this truncation is only one facet of a much more complex field of observation. The article concludes with a sketch of the likely future trajectories for the IR conversation on the environment.


The present study aims to explore the effect of academic stress on academic achievement of visually impaired students. 40 high school students (20 boys and 20 girls) of residential school participated in the study. The objectives of the study were i). To identify the main sources of stress in visually impaired students ii) To study the difference in academic stress level of male and female visually impaired students iii) To study of the impact of academic stress on academic achievement of visually impaired students. Academic stress scale was used to measure the level of stress experienced by the student and marks of midterm exam were taken as a measure of academic achievement of the students. Statistical analysis was conducted to find out the effect of academic stress on academic achievement. The result shows that highly stressed students scored less marks and students with low stress performed well in the exam. There is a strong negative correlation between academic stress and academic achievement. Also, girl students showed high level of academic stress vis-a-vis boy students.


As one of the most important styles of the modern literature'novels are worth our attention and novels,stylistic features are particularly worth our research efforts.Only when we focus on the basic stylistic characteristics of a novel can we have a complete understanding of the novel.As part of the author's book The Study of Novel's,Stylistic Features, this article discusses some stylistic features of novels like imagination,story-telling and the change of language appreciation.


The invention discloses a multimedia system for a seat, which is characterized in that the multimedia system for the seat comprises a handrail, a crankshaft assembly and a multimedia screen, wherein the handrail is arranged on one side of the seat and is provided with a holding chamber which can be opened from the top; the crankshaft assembly comprises an upper section, a middle section and a bottom section which are sequentially connected; the end of the bottom section is movably matched with the top of the holding chamber of the handrail through a first transverse shaft; the middle section is provided with a first longitudinal shaft which is perpendicular to the first transverse shaft, and the upper section is movably matched with the first longitudinal shaft from the radial direction of the first longitudinal shaft; the upper section is provided with a second transverse shaft which is perpendicular to the first longitudinal shaft; the multimedia screen is movably matched with the second transverse shaft, and the length direction of the multimedia screen is consistent with the length direction of the second transverse shaft; the first transverse shaft is perpendicular to the plane on which the handrail is positioned; and the holding chamber has a size which is suitable for holding the crankshaft assembly and the multimedia screen. By adopting the design that the crankshaft assembly can be integrally concealed in the holding chamber, the entire system can be concealed in the handrail of the seat, the holding chamber can be easily turned and opened during use, and the system has much convenience, easy operation and strong intensity under various sitting postures.


Purpose: To compare horizontal white-to-white (WTW) corneal diameter measurements in children with the MultiMeasureTM iPhone application versus a caliper and evaluate the repeatability of MultiMeasureTM. Methods: This prospective, comparative pilot study enrolled 20 children. The horizontal WTW diameter was measured with calipers with the patient in primary gaze (caliper group). Subsequently, corneal photography was performed with the iPhone in primary gaze (primary group) and with a 20° head turn (HT group). MultiMeasureTM was used to measure WTW. To evaluate repeatability of MultiMeasureTM, WTW was measured in 15 children from a clinic while awake (repeatability group) in primary gaze and with a 20° head turn. Three measurements were performed for all patients. Statistical significance was indicated by p<0.05. Results: The mean age of the sedated patients was 8.3 years (range, 2 to 15 years). The mean WTW was 11.68 ± 0.41 mm, 11.85 ± 0.28 mm and 11.34 ± 0.47 mm in the caliper, primary and HT groups respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between measurements in the caliper and HT groups only (p=0.006). Inter-test variability was not statistically significant different (p=0.45 primary group, p=0.37 HT group, p=0.37 caliper group). The mean age of 15 patients in the repeatability group was 7.6 years (range, 3 to 15 years). In the repeatability group, there was a statistically significant mean difference of 0.36 mm between the repeatability group in primary gaze versus head turned (p=0.001). Conclusion: The smart phone application was a fast, convenient, non-contact, repeatable method for measuring the corneal diameter in children in primary gaze.


This paper will examine the components of information literacy instruction at all levels of Trinity University's engineering program, indicating how they build upon each other and identifying what still needs to be added to integrate information literacy fully across the curriculum. Assessment of the engineering students in this area will be discussed, based on testing that began in the fall of 2007 and continues through the 2008-2009 academic year. The comments of the authors, representing both a librarian and an engineering faculty member, will provide a wider viewpoint that may inform planners at other institutions who are interested in expanding and integrating information literacy instruction across their engineering curriculum.


The need to train experts who will be able to apply machine learning methods for knowledge discovery is increasing. Building an effective machine learning model requires understanding the principle of operation of the individual methods and their requirements in terms of data pre-preparation, and it is also important to be able to interpret the acquired knowledge. This article presents an experiment comparing the opinion of the 42 students of the course called Introduction to Machine Learning on the complexity of the method, preprocessing, and interpretability of symbolic, subsymbolic and statistical methods with the correctness of individual methods expressed on the classification task. The methodology of the implemented experiment consists of the application of various techniques in order to search for optimal models, the accuracy of which is subsequently compared with the results of a knowledge test on machine learning methods and students' opinions on their complexity. Based on the performed non-parametric and parametric statistic tests, the null hypothesis, which claims that there is no statistically significant difference in the evaluation of individual methods in terms of their complexity/demandingness, the complexity of data preprocessing, the comprehensibility of the acquired knowledge and the correctness of the classification, is rejected.


The article gives generalization of the indicators of efficiency of use of the financial capital; the assessment of financial stability which allows to operate finances and develop the optimum structure of financial resources of some organizations of agrarian sector has been presented as well


Femininity and the difference between the sexes are examined in their relationship to subjectivity and to cultural constructions, the forms of which change depending on the time and place. These constructions, which each subject must appropriate in a singular way and according to his or her own history, represent a certain necessity. They allow us to give meaning to the enigma of sex. However, they can also expose us to the risks of a subjective collapse when they become detached from their symbolic support. I will try to show, relying on my experience oriented by psychoanalysis and based on listening the subject in his articulation of the social link that these transformations are not without subjective consequences, especially when the subject does not refer other benchmarks or role models that allow to recognize his status as a sexual being and to accept their differences.


We have extended our detailed survey of the local white dwarf population from 20 pc to 25 pc, effectively doubling the sample volume, which now includes 232 stars. In the process new stars within 20 pc have been added, a more uniform set of distance estimates as well as improved spectral and binary classifications are available. The present 25 pc sample is estimated to be about 68% complete (the corresponding 20 pc sample is now 86\% complete). The space density of white dwarfs is unchanged at 4.8 \pm 0.5 x 10^{-3} pc^{-3}. This new study includes a white dwarf mass distribution and luminosity function based on the 232 stars in the 25 pc sample. We find a significant excess of single stars over systems containing one or more companions (74\% vs 26\%). This suggests mechanisms that result in the loss of companions during binary system evolution. In addition this updated sample exhibits a pronounced deficiency of nearby Sirius-Like systems. Eleven such systems were found within the 20 pc volume vs, only one additional system found in the volume between 20 pc and 25 pc. An estimate of white dwarf birth rates during the last 8 Gyr is derived from individual remnant cooling ages. A discussion of likely ways new members of the local sample may be found is provided.


There is an increasing desire for plastic films that can be sealed using high-frequency energy. Tests on new high-frequency polyolefin film structures are reported, which compare them with the characteristics and performance of poly(vinyl chloride), ethylene-vinyl acetate and thermoplastic polyurethane films.


Objective:To improve "the sample solution preparation" method in "the content determination" item for Panax notoginseng(Burk.) from the first part of The Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China 2010 version(hereinafter "pharmacopoeia" for short) and to compare the contents of three kinds of saponins in different medicinal parts and different specifications of Panax notoginseng(Burk.).Methods:The products were degreased with petroleum ether and extracted for three kinds of saponins with n-butanol;the contents of three saponins were determined in different medicinal parts(counter,shear mouth,bar and velvet root) and different specifications(40,80,120,200 and countless heads) of Panax notoginseng.Result:The improved method can extract the three kinds of saponins effectively,the content order of the total three saponins from different medicinal parts of Panax notoginseng was shear mouth disease notoginseng(green smelly) bar velvet root;that from different specifications was 40 heads 80 heads 200 heads 120 heads countless heads.Conclusion:The improved extraction method is pertinent,the products are purer,it can prolong the service life of columns and save the analysis cost,so it can be used for the extraction of notoginseng saponins.The content of the total three saponins is the highest in notoginseng snip by comparison,the amount of the three saponins in the main head rises with the size of the head.There is no obvious relation for the saponin contents between the medicinal parts and the specifications of Panax notoginseng,which all conform to the content prerequisite of the pharmacopoeia;there is no obvious decrease of the total content of saponins in notoginseng with green smelly disease.


The notion of cognitive linguistics first appeared in the 1970's, largely as a response to the shortcomings of truth-conditional semantics and generative grammar. Since then it has attracted the interest of a number of scholars, giving rise to a complex discipline encompassing the study of semantics, syntax, morphology, as well as reaching other disciplines of linguistic investigations, such as language acquisition, phonology, morphology, semantics and various fields of historical linguistics. Croft and Cruse's (2004) recent publication is aimed to be a comprehensive work providing an overall synthesis of studies within the cognitive framework of language analysis. In fact, the book reviewed here, being an introduction to the cognitive linguistic approach to language, is primarily aimed at advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students, to serve as a textbook for a course in cognitive linguistics. The body of the book is divided into three main parts, which in turn consist of twelve chapters. Part I serves to outline the key concepts and tools underlying the cognitive spirit of the linguistic approach. In the remaining two parts, these principles are expanded and elaborated upon, and further illustrated with their application to semantic aspects in Part II, and to grammar in Part III. Additionally, it is worth stressing that this publication contains author and subject indexes appended to the main text, which is undoubtedly an advantage given the book's primary audience. To be more specific, Part I of the book reviewed concentrates on the presentation of the assumptions underlying the conceptual approach to linguistic analysis. Chapter 1, in the form of an introduction, briefly defines cognitive linguistics by listing the following main hypotheses, which are later developed and justified throughout the text of the book: 1) Language is not an autonomous cognitive faculty; 2) Grammar is conceptualisation; 3) Knowledge of languages emerges from language use.


With the mobile phone network upgrades and hardware development,it is multipling for scalability of intelligent mobile phone.So,it designs the interface experience and interactivity,develops the users' function with smart phone.There are many negative effects on dealing with so many programmes and orders.It is mainly because of the contradiction between the unlimitedness of the function expansion of smart phone and finiteness of users' cognitive load.Through the course of definition of situational distinction to build cognitive map system for smart phone,it sets the goal to help to ease the users' cognitive load through the operation of smart phone.This system can be more efficient operation of the intelligent phone.


The most complicated disease which affects eyes due to damage of the blood vessels is Diabetic retinopathy which is due to improper glucose or insulin level. The diabetic retinopathy occur in the form of hemorrhages (an escape of blood from a ruptured blood vessel), exudates, cotton wool spots (yellow-white lesion in the superficial retina) and micro aneurysms (small red dots). In this paper, the Fundus photography of the rear of an eye; is used by Machine Learning process that identifies the disease by comparing eye fundus images of patients at an angle of 45 degrees centered on fovea and optic disc. These are of high resolution pixels, from which the output results in terms of spots and then it finalizes the type of disease or abnormality. The accuracy of the SVM and DNN algorithms is 98.3871%


Controversy late deceleration of FHR of favorable neonatal outcome was analyzed by the developing mechanism of abnormal FHR changes and hypoxia index determined with the sum of deceleration duration and nadir heart rate.


Self-esteem in academic performance refers to how one's self-perception impacts their achievements in school. It involves the connection between self-confidence, motivation, and overall success in academics. This study aims to investigate the potential relationship between self-esteem and academic performance among college students taking a Purposeful Communication class. Using a standardized self-esteem questionnaire adapted from Rischi (2017), a descriptive-correlational research design was employed with a sample size of 100 participants selected through registered quota sampling. The findings indicate that students' self-esteem was categorized as average, while their academic achievement in the purposeful communication class was outstanding. The correlation analysis revealed a weak correlation (r=0.12) between self-esteem and academic performance, rejecting the null hypothesis. These results emphasize the significance of considering self-esteem as a factor that may impact students' academic success, highlighting the need for interventions to foster positive self-esteem and promote both motivation and engagement in the learning process. Further research is recommended to explore additional factors influencing the relationship between self-esteem and academic performance.

Keywords: Academic Performance, Self-Esteem, Purposive Communication Class, College Students.


For some time the issue of animal welfare is emerging and has been raised by the way farm animals were and still are treated in various properties. The objective of this work show that the perception of students of agrarian graduate courses on the adopted forms of creation and their influence on quality of life of animals and learn even if they consume animal products of animals that have gone through suffering. This work was carried out with the support of the Center and Vocational Center Agrofamiliar (MCTI / MAP / MDA / MEC / MPA / CNPq; 81/2013), the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco - Academic Unit of Garanhuns with students through graduation questionnaires, which were assessed by qualitative research and descriptive statistics on some issues. The results showed how the understanding of well-being is superficial, even in students who are close to completing their courses, leading us to conclude that the university needs to give greater emphasis to this issue so that students can be prepared to deal with this situation in the labor market.


Background: Kimura disease is a rare and benign inflammatory lesion which mainly involves the head and neck region of middle-aged Asian males. The tendency to recur remains the leading problem in current treatments. However, the information about the factors of the postoperative tumor recurrence is few in the literatures while the treatment options based on those factors are even fewer. Aims and objectives: To define the factors related to the postoperative tumor recurrence of Kimura disease, and establish the strategy of diagnosis and treatment. Materials and methods: Nineteen patients with Kimura disease were enrolled between January 2000 and January 2012. The relationship between postoperative tumor recurrence and the parameters of disease (age, gender, locations, tumor size, serum eosinophil levels, nephropathy, lymphadenopathy, onset of disease to surgical treatment) were analyzed by logistic regression, linear regression and Fisher's exact test.Results: The tumor size (>6cm in diameter) and serum eosinophil level (≧48%) are two factors related to the increase of postoperative tumor recurrence in Kimura disease (p=0.039 and p=0.038, respectively). A linear relation between the eosinophil level and the tumor size is found (p<0.001). Younger patients (≦30 years) have higher incidence to develop multifocal lesions (p=0.017). Conclusions: The tumor size and the serum eosinophil level are significantly related to the increase of postoperative tumor recurrence in Kimura disease. Younger patients less than 30 years are prone to develop multifocal lesions. A flowchart according to our findings is presented to improve the diagnosis and management of Kimura disease. (J Taiwan Soc of Plast Surg 2012;21:180~187)


Objective To investigate prospectively the feasibility of using diffused optical tomography (DOT) with ultrasonographic (US) location to differentiate malignant from benign breast lesions Methods Conventional US and DOT were performed on 105 breast lesions. The hemoglobin total concentration (HBT) was measured for benign and malignant lesions,and the sensitivity,specificity and overall accuracy of HBT were determined by surgical pathology as gold standard. Results There were 51 benign and 54 malignant lesions. The mean HBT was (237.11±89.63)μmol/L in the malignant group,and (118.10±85.90)μmol/L in benign group (P0.0005). When a HBT cutoff point of 149 was used,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were 87.04%,76.49%,and 81.90% for DOT,respectively. Combining conventional ultrasound and DOT,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy reached 85.19%,88.24% and 86.67%,respectively. Conclusion As an non-invasive functional method,DOT with US location is feasible for differentiating benign and malignant lesions. Combining with conventional ultrasound,DOT is helpful to reduce false negative cases and false positive cases.


The Gas Research Institute has initiated an extensive hydraulic fracturing research project to improve the understanding, modeling and implementation of the hydraulic fracturing process. As the Lead Technical Contractor for the GRI Tight Gas Sands program, S. A. Holditch and Associates, Inc. has initiated research into improving the understanding of fracture fluid rheology. The purpose of the report is to summarize the research conducted by S. A. Holditch and Associates to examine the variables affecting crosslinked HPG gel degradation by enzyme oxidative, and catalyzed oxidative breakers.


Objective To investigate the short-term effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT) on left ventricular diastolic function.Methods Twelve congestive heart failure patients with mechanical dyssynchrony determined by tissue Doppler imaging were enrolled.Left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) was measured before and one week after CRT.The left ventricular diastolic function were assessed by the peak transmitral velocities during early(E-wave) and late(A-wave) diastolic filling,E/A ratio,the percentage of left ventricular filling time of the cardiac cycle,E-wave descending time,the S wave and D wave of pulmonary vein flow,and the Em/Am of pulsed wave tissue Doppler at mitral annulus were measured.The diastolic filling pattern were determined as stage I(reduced left ventricular filling in early diastole),stage Ⅱ(pseudonormalization),stage III(restrictive diastolic filling) by the above parameters.The mechanical dyssynchrony of left ventricle was calculated by tissue Doppler imaging as Ts-SDC.The short-term changes of these parameters were investigated.Results E-wave and A-wave at baseline were fused into a single wave in eleven patients,thus the diastolic function could not be evaluated by the Doppler echocardiography.And the diastolic filling time was short.After CRT,the E wave and A wave were separated in all patients,5 patients with stage II diastolic function,7 patients with stage I diastolic function.The percentage of the left ventricular filling time of the cardiac cycle improved from((34.5)±(2.9))% to((46.4)±(5.7))%(P(0.01)).The LVEF increased from((26.8)±(7.6))% to((37.7)±(10.1))%(P(0.01)).The dimension of left atrial decreased significantly(P(0.05)).The Ts-SDC decreased from(191.4)±(47.4) to(119.5)±(62.0)(P(0.05)).Conclusions In patients with mechanical dyssynchrony,due to the fused transmitral wave,it was difficult to assess the diastolic function by diastolic filling pattern before CRT.CRT decreased the dimension of left atrium,improved left ventricular diastolic filling time,which demonstrated the improvement of diastolic function.


The effect of CH/sub 4/ upon the kinetics of the absorption of H/sub 2/ by LaNi/sub 5/H/sub x/ suspended in n-undecane was determined at two different gas compositions; 5 and 25 mol % CH/sub 4/ in H/sub 2/. The systems behave similiarly to those studied in the absence of CH/sub 4/ and the same rate equation holds. The rate limiting process is dissolution of H/sub 2/ in the liquid phase. The activation energy for this process, E/sub s/, varied with CH/sub 4/ pressure; at 40 kPa, E/sub s/ = 9.3+/-.5 kJ/mol H/sub 2/, at 253 kPa, E/sub s/ = 5.5+/-.9 kJ/mol H/sub 2/. The pre-exponential in the rate equation is reduced by the presence of CH/sub 4/, however the absorption rate is very little changed relative to pure H/sub 2/ in the gas phase because of the lower E/sub s/. The reduction of E/sub s/ is attributed to the dissolution of CH/sub 4/ in the liquid phase and a consequent lowering of its surface tension. 6 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs.


David Havelka's publication brings a manual for a therapeutic-educational program for siblings of children with autism spectrum disorders. This is a very neglected group of children, which the author tries to positively influence through a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and experiential reflective learning. The book brings the theoretical basis from which the author drew, the manual for the program itself, and the final scientific and research evaluation based on the author's dissertation. The book is clearly structured into six parts, of which the last part is electronic, intended for direct implementation of the program (available on the internet – a link to download materials is given in the book).


The thermo-elastic coupling model of clutch friction pair is established by the thermoelastic instability theory to acquire the basic process of friction disc warp due to hot agglomeration; according to this process, thought of reflecting initial phase clutch fault by observing the partial deformation generated by hot spots is proposed in this paper. And based on this thought, the multi-disc clutch dynamics simulation model is established to acquire the dynamic characteristics existing on the friction pair when tiny deformation happens; according to vibration characteristics of this characteristics and the feature that the interference noise of the high frequency section of the transmission system is comparatively light, and based on the analysis on the difference of frequency spectrum of the high frequency section before and after shifting gears, a new kind of initial phase multi-disc clutch fault diagnosing method based on vibration signal analysis is proposed. The test results further prove that, this method can be used to extract the impact vibration generated by tiny deformation happened on the friction pair, and is hopeful to be used in the practical engineering of initial phase multi-disc clutch fault diagnosing.


Approximately 200,000,000 children are born with or will acquire a disability during their lifetimes. In the developing world the situation is much worse, where a lack of education and resources and cultural norms conspire against the disabled child. In countries where resources are scarce, children who are disabled may be neglected and abandoned by society. This paper examines a project that provided effective training for developing world care givers of abandoned disabled children. The project started as a 'tips and tricks' for transfer of physiotherapy skills to inner city care givers in Kingston, Jamaica, using video conferencing. It developed into a bespoke, accredited training course for inner city caregivers as more partners were attracted to the project.


For solving the design problems of ultrasonic vibratory system in gear machining,the gear is reduced to an annular plate firstly,the frequency equations of the transformer,which is consists of non-resonance annular plate and horn,are derived by means of the force coupling condition,boundary condition and dynamical equation secondly.Then the design parameters are got by solving the frequency equations numerically and demonstrated by experiment,their results are consistent.The theoretical method has extended the transformer design from resonance to non-resonance.


A pot experiment with conventional maize cultivar ZD958 was conducted to study the effect of Pb on the changes of the starch granule size distribution,yield and quality character in grains.Taking 2 μm and 15 μm as limit,the starch particles were divided into three types: small starch granule group,middle starch granule group and large starch granule group.The results showed that maize starch granule was mainly composed by small starch granule group which was accounted for 96.15%-97.24% of the total starch.The medium and small starch granule size distribution group was trend to increase at first and then decrease with the applied level of lead increasing,and the large starch granule group was on the contrary.Lead stress had a significant impact on summer maize grain yield and quality traits.It showed that the total starch content was at first decreased and then increased,but biomass accumulation,production and other quality indicator change trend instead.Grain lead element content was increased with the lead a linear increase,the correlation coefficient of R2=0.983 3.In this experiment conditions,when soil lead up to 284 mg/kg,which meet the national safety standards,it is suggested that the soil lead should be controlled under 284 mg/kg.


In a rice pot incubation experiment, the effect of nitrogen transformation and rice growth were studied by applied urea with new nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate(DMPP) in the powder soil and blue clayey paddy soil. The results showed that, in the powder soil and blue clayey paddy soil, the ammonium concentration were increased 94.6% to 97.9% and 55.4% to 65.1%, nitrate nitrogen concentrations were declined 49.0% to 81.3% and 33.9% to 83.7%, and nitrite nitrogen concentrations were declined 46.9% to 90.9% and 53.7% to 90.2%, respectively. DMPP could stimulate the nitrogen uptake, improve the rice yields 24.9% and 14.2%, increase biomass amount 20.6% and 14.4%, in the powder soil and blue clayey paddy soil, respectively. The nitrogen adsorption amount was also increased 15.3% and 22.5% in the powder soil and blue clayey paddy soil, improving the nitrogen use efficiency in rice production. The nitrification inhibitor DMPP addition in the urea could effectively sustain the high ammonium nitrogen concentration and low nitrate and nitrite nitrogen concentrations in the soil, increase the nitrogen uptake by rice and improve the nitrogen use efficiency.


A soft-switched inverter is derived from the passively clamped quasi-resonant link circuit with three different clamps: coupled inductor, diode clamp and coupled inductor and capacitor. The proposed soft-switching inverter is formed from the traditional pulse-width modulated (PWM) inverter by simply augmenting with auxiliary resonant circuits, and the soft switching is achieved through applying PWM switching control signals with suitable delays for the switches. Only one auxiliary switch is used to generate zerovoltage instants for the inverter switching devices. The designed soft-switching inverter is used for powering an induction motor drive to test its effectiveness. The proposed drive system is modeled and its performance is simulated in PSpice. Several results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed inverter topology with three different clamps.


Objective To test whether strict implementation of a standardised protocol for the management of malaria and provision of a financial incentive for health workers reduced mortality. Design Randomised controlled intervention trial. Setting Paediatric ward at the national hospital in Guinea-Bissau. All children admitted to hospital with severe malaria received free drug kits. Participants 951 children aged 3 months to 5 years admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of malaria randomised to normal or intervention wards. Interventions Before the start of the study, all personnel were trained in the use of the standardised guidelines for the management of malaria, including strict follow-up procedures. Nurses and doctors were randomised to work on intervention or control wards. Personnel in the intervention ward received a small financial incentive ($50 (�25; €35)/month for nurses and $160 for doctors) and their compliance with standard case management was closely monitored. Main outcome measures In-hospital mortality and cumulative mortality within 4 weeks of hospital admission. Results In-hospital mortality was 5% for the intervention group and 10% in the control group (risk ratio 0.48, 95% confidence interval 0.29 to 0.79). The effect may have been stronger in patients with positive malaria slides (0.36, 0.16 to 0.80). Cumulative mortality 4 weeks after discharge was also lower in the intervention group (0.61, 0.40 to 0.95). Conclusions Supervising healthcare workers to adhere to a standardised treatment protocol was associated with greatly reduced in-hospital mortality. Financial incentives may be important for the dedication and compliance of staff members. Trial registration Clinical Trials NCT00465777.


Diegesis/mimesis, which the field of narratology defines as telling/showing, are a pair of Greek terms first brought together in a passage from Plato's Republic (3.392c–398b). Subsequently, Aristotle reuses the terms in his context in Poetics; although this usage bears Platonic traces, it differs from the usage in Republic with its new contexts. Today, this dichotomy has usually been known, with its narrow counterparts determined by narratology. However, considering Plato's Republic, it is seen that the distinction drawn by Socrates could be said to be not so much between "showing" and "telling" as in standard modern usage. Furthermore, since Antiquity, the terms have had a long and sometimes tangled history of usage, right up to the present day, as a pair of critical categories. In his article, Stephen Halliwell reveals this confusion by focusing on Plato's Republic in which Socrates' views are conveyed/interpreted by Plato, and Aristotle's Poetics. In the rest of the article, he emphasizes the usage of the terms in the Middle Ages and Renaissance, underlines the confusion arising from the reductionist typology of modern narratology, and points out the gaps he sees in the field for further investigation.


A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts. University of the
Witwatersrand. Johannesburg, in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for degree of Master 0f Arts in Fine Arts.
Johannesburg 1996,


Energy consumption of fossil fuel which keeps increasing has led to the urgency of research and development on the field  of  renewable  energy  for  the  future. Microalgae are considered to be the most promising new source of biomass compared with first and second-generation feedstocks. A great challenge is a choice of an effective approach for microalgae harvesting. Additional challenges of microalgae harvesting come from the small size of microalgae cells (3-30µm) and the similarity of the density of the microalgae cells to the growth medium. This research is aimed to determine the appropriate microalgae harvesting technology for bio-crude oil production. Several potential microalgae harvesting technologies are centrifugation, filtration, inorganic flocculation, organic flocculation, bioflocculation, electrocoagulation, and flocculation-sedimentation. The  method  used  in  this  research  is Analytic  Hierarchy  Process  (AHP). The  results  indicate  that  the parameters  taken  into  consideration  are  energy need (0.339), cost (0.214), risk of contamination (0.098), efficiency (0.133), technology availability  (0.066),  microalgae strain flexibility (0.079),  and  production time (0.071). In a case study, the pairwise comparison of seven alternatives each for the harvesting and seven criteria are compared. The best alternative that can be recommended as a microalgae harvesting technology is flocculation-sedimentation with a weight of 0.202.


This paper examines the vertical integration level of environmentally sustainable and non-sustainable companies. The first part develops the theoretical foundation for linking sustainability strategies to organizational structure. The second part empirically examines the vertical integration level of 144 sustainability-focused companies in 9 different industries. The results demonstrate that sustainability-focused companies in the Health Care Industry and the Industrials Industry tend to have more vertically integrated organizational structures than their industry competitors that are not pursuing such a strategy since these two industries are production oriented and they have closer relationships with their suppliers. There was no significant difference in the vertical integration level of sustainability-focused versus non-sustainability-focused companies for the other seven industries studied. Research shows the linkage between environmental strategies and vertical integration has not been thoroughly examined. This study's results are useful to researchers and managers who are interested in corporate sustainability behavior.


This paper proposes a simplied fast method to estimate the head pose in monocular images. The head pose is estimated comparing the position of the landmark points localized in the face, which correspond to pre-selected points of a 3D face model. To localize these points on a face image (such as the eyes, mouth and nose) we use Active Shape Models. These points are detected in the 2D space, and next the 3D face model is adjusted by geometric transformations to the 2D points on the face image to estimate the head angular position in the 3D space. Our preliminary experimental results are encouraging, since they show that our simplied approach has a competitive accuracy when compared to more sophisticated methods available in the literature.


in the classroom and 3) experientially oriented projects/activities in addition to whatever 'regular" procedure the teacher has already found to be effective. 4. Emphasize and reward the practice of productive work habits. Career education advocates contend that, if we want and expect youth to demonstrate and practice good work habits once they have left school to enter the occupational society, it is essential that they have had continuing opportunities to acquire and practice them while engaged in their work as a student. Thus, we urge teachers to constantly emphasize and reward such standard good work habits as: (1) coming to school or work on time (2) finishing assignments on time (3) doing one's best at whatever tasks are assigned ( 4) following insructions as given by the teacher or work supervisor and (5) learning to cooperate in joint activities with other pupils or workers. Are these kinds of educational reform ones likely to be helpful to blind/visually handicapped persons mainstreamed into regular classrooms?-and to blind/visually handicapped persons enrolled in special schools established just for them? Of course they are!


The 3 GeV synchrotron in the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) is a rapid-cycling synchrotron (RCS), which accelerates a high-intensity proton beam from 400 MeV to 3 GeV at a repetition rate of 25 Hz. RCS is composed of 24 dipole magnets, 60 quadrupole magnets and 18 sextupole magnets. Field measurement was performed for all magnets and adequate results were obtained. In this paper, we will report the results of field measurement and machinery placement of the magnets performed based on those results.


This research study considered the desired job skills for future newspaper sports reporters and television sports reporters in the convergence journalism era. A national survey of newspaper sports editors and TV sports directors ranked their five most important skills using open-ended responses. Although the skills were not correlated at each level of importance, a significant and strong correlation was found in overall rankings. Both groups stressed fundamental skills such as writing, but specialization was also important, especially production skills for TV sports journalists. Also, participants wanted applicants with a wider variety of skills to meet the demands of a converged media environment and a shrinking workforce.