Contents: Introduction The development of the law relating to the use of force in international law Countering terrorism: an evaluation of the law enforcement and conflict management approaches The cold war era: terrorist action and reaction Jumping the gun a " an old problem as a solution for new threats? Afghanistan, Iraq and beyond Striking the enemy's lair: the war on terror and state-sponsored terrorism The war on terror: rattling international law with raw power? Select bibliography Index.


Foot pain and deformities are significant problems that increase with age and are significantly more prevalent in women. Calluses and corns are both common and inconvenient, and the accompanying pain complaints significantly reduce the quality of life. Professional foot care is one of the key elements in the prevention of foot disorders and improves the comfort of people with such problems. The aim of the present research was to assess the impact of podiatry treatments on the foot conditions, including parameters related to foot geometry, the forefoot pressure on the ground, and the occurrence of pain in women over 50. In each volunteer, history and physical examination were performed and an objective assessment with the use of the digital foot scanner and the baropodometric measurements was performed. The examinations were conducted before the beginning of the procedures and up to a week after each of the three podiatry treatments performed at monthly intervals. Specialist foot care treatments influenced the values of the hallux valgus angle, the varus angle of the fifth toe, and the longitudinal arch. After each treatment, the percentage of feet with normal longitudinal arch was significantly greater than before the treatments. The treatments influenced the value of pressure in the forefoot. The percentage of feet with pain decreased significantly after each treatment. Performed podiatry treatments, consisting of the removal of changes related to keratosis, not only normalized the parameters related to foot geometry and the forefoot pressure on the ground but also reduced foot pain.


Let k((t)) be the field of formal Laurent power series over some field k of characteristic zero, q ∈ k which is not a root of unity, and σq be the automorphism of k((t)) defined by σq : α(t) 7→ α(qt). For an algebraic group G over k write G(k((t))) for the k((t))-points of G. Then σq also acts on G(k((t))) by change of variable, namely σq(g(t)) = g(qt). One can define a q-conjugate action of G(k((t))) on itself by


A method of measuring the thermal expansion coefficient of a sample using a thermal mechanical analyzer is constructed in such a manner that the thermal expansion values of a sample tube, a probe and a reference material whose thermal expansion coefficient has been known are measured to obtain an assumed thermal expansion coefficient of the sample tube on the basis of the expansion movement of the reference sample, and the thermal expansion coefficient of the sample is obtained using the relative thermal expansion value of the probe for the tube together with the assumed thermal expansion coefficient of the sample tube as a correction factor for the measurement value.


Some have talked about a crisis in documentary photography since its inter- and post-war heydays. But more recently a new kind of art-documentary has developed with a self-reflexive approach towards the limits and the possibilities of photography. The spectrum between documentary and art provides photography with a specific opportunity to address difficult subject matter between the personal and the political. Leaving the discussion of "the politics of representation" — so dominant in the 1980s — aside and instead departing from a handful of newer theoretical framings which try to formulate an ethically responsive, activist and transitive form of photographic agency (such as Roberts, Thrift, Butler and Azoulay), this article identifies and discusses a current in contemporary photography of new conceptual strategies of socially and politically engaged documentary. This strategy is called "new mixtures" because it mixes hitherto separated photographic forms such as family and cell phone photos, reportage and conceptual and archival forms. It is identified as a global tendency, but more closely exemplified by the work of Scandinavian photographers Kent Klich and Tina Enghoff. As such the article identifies what is called both a "social" as well as a more "positive" take on both theory and photography, which has taken place in the decade that photographies has existed.


The purpose of this paper is to discuss the views and attitudes of stakeholders towards Singapore's two major integrated resorts which were launched in 2010. The topics of interest are the perceived success of the developments in boosting destination branding and further their role in the predicted long-term success of the tourism industry of
Singapore. The two kinds of stakeholders considered include the community and members of the tourism sector. The empirical work conducted was achieved through questionnaire studies and focus groups. In considering the wider applicability of integrated resorts as one style of development in tropical destinations, it is of interest to access the views of a wide range of stakeholders. The challenges and possibilities of incorporating and considering community views in particular in Asian countries is not an established process and the paper will reveal the methods and insights achieved in the Singaporean context with a view to suggesting how other destinations might determine the perspectives of those who both live with and live from tourism initiatives.


Background: The relationship between reported childhood maltreatment and general psychological and post-traumatic distress was examined in a sample of 551 adults from different risk samples. Aims: Exposure to childhood maltreatment was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form, which detects physical, emotional and sexual abuse and past physical and emotional neglect. Methods: The participants' current levels of post-traumatic stress symptoms and general psychological stress symptoms were measured with the Impact of Event Scale – Revised and the Symptom Checklist 90 – Revised, respectively. Results: The results reveal a high prevalence of reported childhood maltreatment in both men and women, and the severity levels of the five types of childhood maltreatment showed significant associations with the extent of current post-traumatic and general psychological distress. Conclusion: The findings emphasize the need for appropriate procedures for identifying childhood maltreatment.


A hypothesis of developmental selection is presented in which the internal factors of selection, barriers imposed by ontogenetic development, are considered in relation to the degree of survival of newly arisen deleterious mutations. This hypothesis states that the survival of such mutant genes to the stage of germination depends on the diffusibility of the metabolite required by the mutants and the ontogenetic stage at which it is required. As a corollary of the hypothesis, those lethal mutants of flowering plants that appear after germination should, with certain predictable exceptions, have requirements for low molecular weight substances which may be supplied from external sources.


AbstrcatObjectiveTo investigate the influence of perioperative intravenouse nutritional support on the cellular immune function in patients with gastric carcinoma(GC). Methods57 patients with GC were randomly divided into the experimental group(n=28) and the control group(n=29). Patients in the experiment group, intravenous nutrition was given 1 week before operation and the first week after operation. The total lymphocyte count, T cell subgroup(CD3+,CD4+,CD8+)and CD4+/ CD8+ ratio were observed and compared in the 2 groups. Results The cellular immune function of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group(P0.01). ConclusionsIntravenous nutrition in the perioperative period can improve the cellular immune function of patients with GC.


We introduce two new combinatorial optimization problems, which are generalizations of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) and the Assignment Problem (AP) and which we call Traveling Salesman Problem of Second Order (TSP2) and Assignment Problem of Second Order (AP2). TSP2 is motivated by an important application in bioinformatics, especially the Permuted Variable Length Markov model. While TSP2 is trivially N P-hard, we show the N P-hardness of AP2 by a reduction from SAT. We propose seven elementary heuristics for the TSP2, some of which are generalizations of similar algorithms for the Traveling Salesman Problem, some of which are new ideas. Furthermore we give four exact algorithms for the TSP2, namely a Branch-and-Bound (BnB) algorithm, an Integer Programming (IP) algorithm, a Branch-and-Cut (BnC) algorithm and an algorithm based on a polynomial reduction to the original TSP (TSP-R). Finally we experimentally compare the algorithms for many different random instances and real instances from the already mentioned application in bioinformatics. Our experiments show that for real instances most heuristics lead to optimal or almost-optimal solutions. For both, random and real classes, our most sophisticated exact approach BnC is the leading algorithm. In particular , the BnC algorithm is able to solve real instances up to size 80 in reasonable time, proving the applicability of this approach.


Indian crested porcupine, Hystrix indica, is widely distributed and a serious pest of forest plantations and agricultural crops. Field trials, conducted in Balakot-Abbottabad tract (Pakistan), suggested that in no- choice food preference tests, groundnut was the most preferred food item, followed by maize, wheat, millet, rice, grams and oats. The present results suggested that significantly higher quantities of all the grains were consumed in cracked form than in the whole form, except for rice, where the difference was not significant. Preference for groundnut over other grains was confirmed in both multiple-choice and paired-choice tests. Consumption of all the food grains significantly increased with increasing duration of exposure, indicating a shy and careful nature of the species in sampling a novel food. No-choice tests of groundnut and maize offered in pure form and in different proportions revealed that groundnut and maize offered in 1:1 combination, can be a useful and cost effective bait base.


Conserving electricity has become increasingly important as energy rates and shortages have increased. Consumers can find a number of ways to cut back on their electrical use, especially with appliances commonly found in the home. Any economy that wants to advance must therefore embrace time management and proper conservation of electrical power supply. This can be achieved through limiting wastage in the limited power supply. The programmable control timer can be use to put ON or OFF any electrical appliance connected to it while the user attends to other things knowing fully well that Electronic Assistance is available. The user can preset the device to a certain value. This is possible with the use of set button on the device. The set button must be pressed to enable the time input buttons to be pressed. After presetting a certain time value, which is shown on the digital display, a press on the count button makes the preset time to countdown to zero. After attaining a "000" value, the appliance connected to its output sockets goes either ON or OFF.


The research problem of this study is how to applicant the positive values of sport in social interactions which occur among high school students The goal is determining the extent to which students can apply the positive values inherent in sport on their social interactions in the Senior High School level education in the academic year of 2014/2015 at Wonosobo regency.This research used quantitative research methodology and empowered by survey method.Application of research results positive values of sports in social interaction among students in Senior High School at Wonosobo regency which most of the students have been able to apply the values of honesty, cooperation, fair play, responsibility, fairness, tolerance, respect, leadership with good categories.The conclusion of this study, that the majority of high school students in Wonosobo district have been able to apply the positive values of sport in their social interactions in the school environment well.


A study of farm organization by type of farm in Sanpete and Sevier countries , A study of farm organization by type of farm in Sanpete and Sevier countries , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی


The volatile oil obtained from the cones of Cupressus funebris by hydrodistillation was subjected to anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan induced paw oedema model using albino mice, Diclofenac sodium was used as standard drug (25 mg/kg body weight, p.o.). The volatile oil (100 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) showed significant anti inflammatory activity.


The adsorption of several prehydrolyzed alkoxysilanes onto the surface of cellulosic fibers in ethanol/water mixtures has been studied quantitatively. The corresponding isotherms show the formation...


Abstract : TASC conducted a feasibility study of the utility of short-range (3-, 6-, and 9-hour) forecasts of total cloud amount and probability of cloud cover categories using the Model Output Statistics (MOS) approach. The MOS models were built using output from the Air Force Global Spectral Model (GSM) and the Real- Time NEPHanalysis (RTNEPH) model. The RTNEPH total cloud amount fields were also used as ground truth. Models were developed on the eighth-mesh RTNEPH grid (approximately 40 km resolution) for 71 data sets covering a range of locations (tropics and midlatitudes), seasons, and times of day. Results were compared with persistence forecasts using the Brier score, 20/20 score, and sharpness measure. The MOS-based forecasts outperformed persistence with respect to the overall reduction in mean square error, but forecast sharpness was sacrificed. Estimates for future model performance for total cloud cover and probabilities of cloud cover categories were determined for two sample cases. Considering the short data records used to develop the equations, the MOS-based forecast models were remarkably robust in most cases. Recommendations for model improvements and additional performance assessment included: using higher spatial resolution model data that better match the resolution of the eighth-mesh forecasts, using cloud layer variables in model development, developing regression coefficients using additional seasons of data, using non-linear models, and continuing model evaluation using independent cloud data.


Objective: This study investigated the likelihood of referral for early intervention services in premature infants of 34-35 weeks gestation. Study design: All infants 34-35 weeks gestation enrolled in a statewide follow-up program were identified. Referral for evaluation for early intervention was noted and risk factors for this outcome were examined. Results: One-quarter of the infants were referred in the first two years of life. Males and infants with certain congenital anomalies were more likely to be referred. Approximately three quarters of those referred for evaluation for services were found to qualify for services. Over 30% of the infants were lost to follow up. Conclusion: Premature infants delivered at 34-35 weeks have a significant risk for delay mandating evaluation for early intervention services.


Universities and colleges in the UK welcome almost 30,000 disabled students each year. Re-search shows that the dropout from education in the EU for the disabled is at 31.5%, much higher compared to only 12.3% for non-disabled students. Supporting young students who require special educational needs in pursuing higher education is an ambitious and necessary step that needs to be adopted by tertiary education providers worldwide. We propose, MALSEND, a project aiming to develop a platform based on machine and human intelligence to understand learning disability patterns in Higher Education. The platform will analyse da-tasets from universities in the previous years and will help to discover any trends in subject areas and performance among autistic students, dyslexic students or students having attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD), among others. Analysing variables such as students' courses, modules, performances and other engagement-indices will give new insights on re-search questions, career advice and institutional policy making. This paper describes the activ-ities of the development phases of this concept.


The particle flow code in three dimensions(PFC3D) is adopted to simulate the movement process of Jiweishan landslide in Wulong County,Chongqing City.The movement process of landslide mass along the sliding surface is studied under the gravity and apparent sliding force after instability of key blocks.The following conclusions can be drawn.(1) For large long-distance landslides,if the morphology of sliding surface along the landslide movement path is determined,the friction coefficient of sliding surface and strength of sliding mass just significantly affect the distribution of sliding mass in deposited areas;and the micro-topography would have more influences on the maximum displacement of landslide.(2) The whole process of the high-speed long-distance Jiweishan landslide can be divided into two stages.The first stage is mainly the fragmentation of rock masses in source area,and the second stage is the movement and run-out of fragmental blocks.(3) It is found that the velocity of blocks in surrounding regions of sliding mass firstly reaches the maximum according to velocity and displacement monitored in field.The blocks have the characteristics of second acceleration.Combining the velocity and displacement,it is considered that the sliding body at the upper edge of sliding mass is more likely to move for a long distance.(4) For Jiweishan landslide,when the friction coefficient of sliding surface is 0.05 and the bond strength is medium(250–200 MPa),the results obtained by PFC3Dare in accord with the actual ones in the maximum degree.For such high-speed long-distance landslides,PFC3Dhas a good applicability,especially its three-dimensional deposition state and influential extent initially identified could provide useful references for disaster prevention and mitigation works such as determination of safe avoidance range.


The Dongliu waterway is one of the famous dangerous waterways in lower reach of the Yangtze River,in which the channel regulation engineering is the first project in development program for mainstream waterway of Yangtze River.In this paper the basic thinking and arrangement of channel regulation in Dongliu waterway were introduced.Based on the actual engineering effectiveness of several hydrological years after construction of regulation engineering,the experiences were summarized,which will be useful for the future design of channel regulation engineering in other waterway of Yangtze River channel.The channel regulation engineering should be conformed with the development of the river situation and constructed well-timed.The design of channel regulation engineering should take into account all the influence factors and every interest with general regulation idea.The study on the theory of channel regulation engineering should be further innovated and developed,which will offer more help for the construction of the waterway of Yangtze river.


This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of compound microbiological preparation on growth,activities of digestive,intestinal microflora of Schizothorax davidi and water quality parameters.One hundred and eighty Schizothorax davidi with an average body weight of(250.00±0.50) g were randomly allocated into 2 groups(control group and test group) with 3 replicates of 30 fish.Control group and test group were fed with basal diet and basal diet added with 2‰ compound microbiological preparation respectively.The experiment lasted for 120 days.The results showed that:compared with the control group,SGR,FCR were improved by adding 2‰ compound microbiological preparation in the Schizothorax davidi diet,and the effect was increasingly obvious with increasing breeding time;the activities of protease,lipase and amylase in the foregut,midgut and hindgut were significantly improved(P0.01);the number of Bacillus,Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were significantly or extremely significantly improved(P0.05 or P0.01);in the metaphase and anaphase of test,the content of active phosphate and ammonia nitrogen in water were significantly decreased(P0.05 or P0.01).According to the results,the compound microbiological preparation could improve water quality,and increase the activities of digestive enzymes in the Schizothorax davidi and the number of beneficial bacterium groups(Bacillus,Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus),and enhance fish growth.


Cushing's syndrome is frequently associated with growth retardation and decreased gonadal function. So far, the underlying mechanisms of these disturbances are poorly understood. An 18 year old boy is described who was referred because of delayed puberty (bone age 12 years) and short stature (115.5 cm). The patient had a typical cushingoid habitus. His testes were preadolescent in size (4-5 ml), and the testosterone was low (18 ng/dl). 24h plasma Cortisol levels were consistently high (32.3 ± 5 μg/dl) with episodic increases. ACTH was elevated (126 ± 44.6 pg/ml), and the cortisol spikes could be related to concomitant ACTH bursts. 24h profiles of LH and HGH exhibited low levels (LH, 2.52 ± 0.51 mU/ml; HGH, 0.58 ± 0.5 ng/ml), and the pulsatile secretion was completely abolished. HGH failed to respond to arginine infusion, insulin-induced hypoglycemia, and GRF1-44. LHRH-stimulation produced a prepubertal increase of LH: 0 min, 2.95 mU/ml; 30 min, 8.2 mU/ml. Surgery revealed an ACTH-producing microadenoma of the pituitary. 3 months after complete extirpation of the tumor LH and HGH showed normal pulsatile secretion patterns (9 pulses per 24 h), and testosterone had begun to normalize (414 ng/dl). After 1 year of observation, testicular size was 12-15 ml, and growth velocity was 10.6 cm/year. It is suggested that the delay of puberty and growth was due to the suppression of the pulsatile secretion of LH and HGH, caused by the hypercortisolism.


Much of what has been written about the $597 billion trade worldwide in medical products and medicines linked to the COVID-19 pandemic has emphasised either the prevalence or consequences of export curbs or made the case for liberalising imports, principally through eliminating tariffs. Few have linked these two policy instruments and, those proposals which have, did not draw out the logic of the basis for a deal between governments. Failure to do so obscures one of the main benefits of much needed collective action.


Objective:In order to compare the accuracy of transthoracic two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiography in the measurement of atrial septal defect diameter.Methods:32 patients with atrial septal defect were examined with transthoracic two-dimensional and multiplane three-dimensional echocardiography. With the atrial septal defect diameter measured in operation as the standard, the diagnostic accuracy of transthoracic two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiography was evaluated.Results:The atrial septal defect diameters measured by transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography correlated moderately with that measured in operation (r=0.83); while the diameters measured with multiplane transthoracic three-dimensional echocardiography correlated highly with that measured in operation (r=0.92).Conclusion:The accuracy of transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography is dissatisfactory in the measurement of atrial septal defect diameter,while the transthoracic multiplane three-dimensional echocardiography is more accurate.


The objective of this study was to ascertain the condition of braze joints and cooling water hardware from an accelerator section after prolonged use. Metallographic analysis was used to examine critical sites on an accelerator section that had been in use for more than 30 years. The end flange assembly showed no internal operational damage or external environmental effects. The cavity cylinder stack showed no internal operational damage however the internal surface was highly oxidized. The internal surface of the cooling water tubing was uniformly corroding at a rate of about 1 mil per year and showed no evidence of pitting. Tee fitting internal surfaces are corroding at non-uniform rates due to general corrosion and pitting. Remaining service life of the cooling water jacket is estimated to be about 20 years or year 2027. At this time, water supply pressure will exceed allowable fitting pressure due to corrosion of tubing walls.


This study aims to measure the impact of Entrepreneurial and Market Orientation on the Sustainable Competitive Advantage of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises in Indonesia during the recovery phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic. The aim of this research is to find solutions to understand the factors of the survival problems of small businesses facing the uncertainty of novelty during and after the Coronavirus outbreak. Using data obtained from the contribution of the questionnaire that was responded to by 335 individuals involved in MSMEs, we calculated the effect of EO and MO on SCA using Structural Equational Modeling, Partial Less Square. The findings show that EO strongly influences MO and SCA, while the relationship between MO and SCA is weaker.


Objectives: To study the effect of anthropometric measures on benign prostatichyperplasia patients in a subset of Karachi population. Study Design: A cross-sectional study.Setting: Ziauddin University Hospital, Radiology Dept, Clifton. Karachi. Method: 103 benignprostatic hyperplasia patients was carried out. These patients were recruited from a urologyclinic. The study subjects were divided on the basis of Age groups, body mass index groupsand waist circumference groups. Result: Mean prostate volume of BPH patients was foundto be was 62.7 ± 12.5 years. Mean BMI was found to 24kg/m2. Mean waist circumferencewas found to be 73.8cms. Prostate volume was found to be doubled in waist circumferenceof greater than 90cm group. Conclusion: Prostate volume greatly enlarges with advancingage. Waist circumference is the only contributing factor among other anthropometric measureswhich causes growth of prostate volume.


. The clinical manifestations of cocaine-induced cardiovascular diseases are variable: from vessel to tissue problems. Often different pathologies can have similar clinical picture. In the present case a young man experienced intensive chest pain and had ST-segment elevation on ECG in area of inferior wall of the left ventricle. Typical changes on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and normal coronary arteries on coronary angiography helped to put the diagnosis of acute myocarditis and ruled out acute myocardial infarction.


The Spenser of this essay is not the poet Edmund Spenser who wrote in mellifluous rhyme of chivalry and honor, but the wisecracking, hard-hitting, Boston-based private eye of Robert B. Parker's novels, a highly popular series in which murder produces mysteries, and ordinary words a disturbing, if common, mystification. Among these words — honor, courage, loyalty, friendship , and trust , a lexicon of moral values — one of the most mystified is honor , a cognate in the novels for coerciveness and violence. Though unremarked, this semantic slippage achieves rhetorical power as it persuades readers that virtue and violence are inseparable, and that violence and lawlessness — breaking and entering, burglary, assault, shooting to kill — are legitimate means to a moral end. Mystifications effected by an insinuating rhetoric differ from the bafflements conventional to private-eye fiction, such as the confusions created by characters who plant false clues within plots devised by mystery writers to puzzle and intrigue their readers. Typically, such crime plots end by revealing secrets concealed within a mystery's inherent darkness and within mystery novels as a literary genre. In the Spenser series, however, a melding of violence and honor produces mystifications that the narrator-hero deepens rather than dispels as he imbues familiar words with morally dubious meanings.


Reliability performance is still the major concern for flip chip interconnection. While solder fatigue is believed to be the contributing factor for packaging failure and is the most widely studied for flip chip soldering, experimental work in this study find out solder fatigue itself is seldom the driving force for early failure. With the introduction of underfill, failures solely due to solder fatigue usually have a cycling life that is much longer than the required failure cycle. It is the other failure modes that result in early failure. This paper analyzed the major failure sources for flip chip assembly using eutectic solder. These failure mechanisms could usually resulted in early failure for the assembly. Failure mechanisms presented in this study include: underfill void, underfill delamination, underfill cracking, die cracking (horizontal and vertical), substrate cracking, and passivation crack or delamination. Discussion will also be given on how to avoid these issues.


In this contribution, the optimised deployment of both spectrum and energy resources scarcely available in the mobile multiple access systems has been analysed, with special attention to the impact of the filter design on the energy efficiency (EE) of code division multiple access networks. Putting into perspective two conflicting metrics, namely throughput maximisation and power consumption minimisation, the distributed EE utility function is formulated. We also show that the best EE versus spectral efficiency trade‐off is achievable when each node allocates exactly the power necessary to attain the maximum EE. In order to demonstrate the validity of our analysis, a low‐complexity energy‐spectral‐efficient algorithm based on distributed instantaneous signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio level is developed, and the impact of single and multi‐user detection filters on the EE–spectral efficiency trade‐off is extensively analysed by numerical simulation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The present invention relates to the application service providing method and system. A method for providing an application service on the digital data broadcasting system that is connected over the network to more than one broadcast receiving terminal, by using the data coupled to the application for the data broadcasting service method comprising: generating a content image, wherein the content image in the user's images Im containing the data provided with the application service request, - comprising: transmitting the content images to the broadcasting terminal, wherein the broadcasting terminal outputs the content images before the data broadcast latency. In accordance with the invention even before the application is executed it can advantageously provide useful information to the user. Data broadcasting, applications, data, content, images, latency


Hypoxia, a potent activator of the sympathetic nervous system, is known to increase muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) to the peripheral vasculature of native Lowlanders during sustained high altitude (HA) exposure. We show that the arterial baroreflex control of MSNA functions normally in healthy Lowlanders at HA, and that upward baroreflex resetting permits chronic activation of basal sympathetic vasomotor activity under this condition. The baroreflex MSNA operating point and resting sympathetic vasomotor outflow both are lower for highland Sherpa compared to acclimatizing Lowlanders; these lower levels may represent beneficial hypoxic adaptation in Sherpa. Acute hyperoxia at HA had minimal effect on baroreflex control of MSNA in Lowlanders and Sherpa, raising the possibility that mechanisms other than peripheral chemoreflex activation contribute to vascular sympathetic baroreflex resetting and sympathoexcitation. These findings provide a better understanding of sympathetic nervous system activation and the control of blood pressure during the physiological stress of sustained HA hypoxia.


World seems to go green regarding the energy, however the cost of green energy is high and as a result of security issues nuclear energy seems to be avoided, while introducing business and outsourcing concepts nuclear energy seems to be solution.


In this paper, a reliable propagation model has been developed and applied to 5G systems to investigate their performance in a built-up environment. The model considers multiple reflections/diffractions of multi-path signals and provides an accurate prediction for the level of the received signal. Combination of ray tracing and uniform theory of diffraction (UTD) has been followed to derive a mathematical formula for the total electric field strength in terms of the model parameters (geometry, material, frequency and polarization). The model showed the expected results and a good agreement with other published papers has been obtained.


The recent study by Arnetz et al. (2015) concluded that hospital employees underreported incidents of workplace violence mainly because non-victims (witnesses) tended to report incidents far less often than victims. However, this conclusion is not well supported by the data in their study because of unclear definitions of violence, insufficient separation of the participants into the two groups of victims of violence and witnesses of violence, and plausible alternative explanations for the findings, as explained below. Of the 446 hospital workers surveyed, a flowchart in Figure 1 in the above study indicates that 62% of them (n = 275) answered "Yes, I was a target of violence within the last year." Of these 275 respondents, the same flowchart shows that 212 of them answered that "I did not report the violence" in the survey. However, when asked about reasons for not reporting incidents of violence (Table 3), 30% of the 212 respondents answered that they were neither a target nor witnesses to violence. The contradicting answers indicate a low reliability for the participants' determination of whether they were a target of workplace violence. This problem can be addressed by giving the participants of the survey an option to indicate the nature of the violence experienced and their role (e.g., target, witness). The low reliability regarding workplace violence may have been due to an unclear definition of violence. Although the flowchart in Figure 1 documents whether a participant had been a target of violence, the authors state in the "Methods" section that the question was whether the participant had been a target of either violence or aggression with no definition provided for aggression. The two forms of this question would be expected to produce different responses. Furthermore, the "Results" section reported that the question was whether the participant had experienced a violent incident, presumably including the witnessing of an incident without being a target. The confusing definitions of violence could explain the low reliability of the responses, but this is not the only possible explanation for the low reliability of the responses to the same question at two different places in the survey. Another possible explanation is faulty recall due to the lengthy recall period of 1 year. Recall periods for injuries or similar events, such as hospital stays, have been shown to be unreliable if more than 3 months prior (Moshiro, Heuch, Astrøm, Setel, & Kvåle, 2005; Overpeck et al., 1994). The study reported that 88% of hospital workers who experienced workplace violence failed to report the incident using the official electronic system, and thus concluded that this finding indicated a need to take action. The estimate of 88% is likely exaggerated for the following reasons. First, one incident could have been witnessed by multiple employees but reported only once by one person in the electronic reporting system. If an employee knows that someone else reported it, they may decide that this is sufficient. This explanation is supported by the study conclusion that employees tended not to report incidents if they were not the victims of violence themselves. By the methods used in the study, this explanation would inflate the numbers of employees who failed to report an incident. Second, the study hospital system only encouraged workers to report via the electronic system, but does not require it. If it is only encouraged, workers cannot be expected to report anything or everything. It is probably unreasonable to conclude that a failure-to-report problem exits when reporting is not mandated. This explanation also would be expected to inflate the failure-to-report percentage. The study by Arnetz et al. has many strengths including an adequate sample size, use of multiple sites within a hospital system, appropriate statistical analysis, clear discussion of workplace violence literature, and a focus on a critical occupational health and safety problem. Despite these strengths, due to the low response reliability of the key questions and evidence of alternative explanations for the findings, the study conclusion, that hospital employees drastically underreport workplace violence, is not well supported. Instead, an alternative conclusion, that workplace violence reporting may be acceptable, but the value of the electronic reporting system is low among hospital employees, particularly nurses, is proposed.


The solidification/stabilization (S/S) process is applicable to soil contaminated by metals and other inorganics. However, this process is not currently viewed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as applicable for remediation of soils contaminated solely with volatile organic compounds, because these organic compounds have been shown to have a detrimental effect on the macrostructural properties of ordinary portland cement (OPC) and could be released during the mixing and curing process. The aim of the present study is mainly to investigate the feasibility of using quaternary ammonium-modified clays (organophilic clays) to stabilize organics (phenol, 2-chlorophenol, and 2,4-dichlorophenol) in contaminated soils prior to conventional cement-based solidification. The effectiveness of the S/S process, using organophilic clays, was evaluated, based on experimental findings from batch sorption, leachability of hazardous constituents, unconfined compressive strength, and permeability tests. Results from these experimental tests indicate that the use of organophilic clay as a presolidification adsorbent gives a successful S/S process in the treatment of phenol-contaminated soils.


Low-cost RF ICs are now available from a long-time device supplier that is probably better known for its power-management circuits, operational amplifiers, and data converters.


Abstract This article was aimed to analyse the working condition of the coupling mechanism in Chinese shipbuilding industry cluster. Literature review was conducted to unveil the coupling mechanism of shipbuilding industry cluster, providing analysis of the present development of shipbuilding industry. A theoretical model was proposed by using the efficacy function and the capacity of the coupling coefficient while measuring the coupling of the shipbuilding industry cluster. Four coupling characteristics were found including relevant, systemic, diversity, and collaborative in the shipbuilding industry cluster. The shipbuilding industry cluster has two levels of coupling mechanism including the core layer coupling mechanism and the support layer coupling mechanism respectively. The improvement through coupling the core layer, support layer, and the coupling between two levels, is an effective way to achieve long-term stable development in Chinese shipbuilding industry cluster.


The preparation and property of Na 131 I therapeutic capsules are studied. The adsorption of different particle size Na 2HPO 4 with different crystallized water is investigated The results indicate that the more the crystallized water, the less the adsorption; the small the particle size, the more the adsorption. The adsorbent amount of 110 mesh 500 mg anhydrous Na 2HPO 4 in No.0 capsule is 270 μL 0.05 mol/L NaOH solution. In order to prevent the volatility of radioiodide, 1% Vc should be included in adsorbent. The disintegrated time of capsule is 5 min. The radiochemical purity and nuclear purity of Na 131 I therapeutic capsule are over 95% and 99% respectively within 30 days after preparation. At the same time, the radioactivity of 20 capsules is in the range of 96.5%~103.5%. The animal experiments show that there is not extraordinary toxicity with Na 131 I therapeutic capsule, and no difference between Na 131 I therapeutic capsule and Na 131 I solution in rabbits thyroid uptake within 24 h.


Polymer materials are well used for gas flow nozzles in gas circuit breakers (GCB) or for insulation cases in molded case circuit breakers (MCCB). In a circuit breaker, an arc plasma is formed between the electrode during current interruption process, and it often contacts the polymer materials. The contact of the arc plasma with the polymer materials inevitably causes polymer ablation. The polymer ablation creates arc jet, which produces a strong gas flow. Such effects markedly influence arc interruption processes. On the other hand, polymer ablation phenomena interest aerospace fields, where polymer ablation is used as an ablator to prevent a space-capsule from being heated by aerodynamic heating during reentry process. However, the interaction between polymer materials and an arc plasma/thermal plasma is very complicated. That interaction involves a large change in thermodynamic and transport properties of the plasmas and heat consumption due to polymer ablation.


In this paper, the desired pitch and yaw axis trajectories of a 2-DOF helicopter system are tracked. For this purpose, fuzzy system is implemented and its performance is compared with a conventional control approach, namely an LQR controller. In proposed fuzzy system, in order to obtain an optimal fuzzy model for benchmark Unmanned Air Vehicle (2-DOF Helicopter), the parameters of the membership functions at the antecedent part of the fuzzy rules are tuned.


Water distribution systems are the fundamental part of any city and their costs, mainly with energy, constitute a signi cant expenditure for water utility companies. The optimal operation, in energetic terms, can provide, in addition to optimization of expenditure, signi cant savings in water losses, prevent wear and tear and increase the distribution system soundness. Thus, this thesis presents the modeling of the problem of reducing energy expenses in water distribution systems using Markov Decision Processes whose state transition function is associated with uncertainty arising out of hydraulic model, demand curve, truncation in the calculation algorithm and the state variables discretization. Three experiments are presented to verify the proposed modeling: a) with a streamlined distribution system and explicit hydraulic model; b) comparing three di erent techniques using hydraulic simulator; and c) comparison between a real system, based on level control, and the same simulated system, however, using the proposed controller. The experiment results demonstrate that this technique is e ective to reduces electricity expenses and to increases the reliability of the system. Moreover, it respects system operational restrictions, to ensure minimizing the risk of pipe rupture and to avoid water outages.


We explore the linkage between stock return predictability and the monetary sector by examining alternative proxies for monetary policy. Using two complementary methods, we document that failure to condition on the Fed's broad policy stance causes a substantial understatement in the ability of monetary policy measures to predict returns. Industry analyses suggest that cross-industry return differences are also linked to changes in monetary conditions, as monetary policy has the strongest (weakest) relation with returns for cyclical (defensive) industries. Overall, we find that monetary conditions have a prominent and systematic relation with future stock returns, even in the presence of business conditions. (c) 2008 The Southern Finance Association and the Southwestern Finance Association.


The vertical spiral accumulator is suitable for being applied to 114mm and below ERW pipe mills. The structure, function and operation principle of the accumulator is introduce in this paper, showing and describing the calculating process of the main parameters and the design features of the device, and providing some theoretical references in the vertical spiral accumulator.


We investigate the relationships between collaboration networks and the efficiencies of R&D and collaboration. In our model, there are three firms, and firms' collaboration patterns are represented by networks. Since the number of firms is three, there are four possible shapes for collaboration networks (1) the complete network, (2) a star network, (3) an exclusive network, and (4) the empty network. Firms engage in Cournot competition, and we obtain four results on competition in the four respective networks. We show which network shapes are stable and optimal with respect to the efficiencies of R&D and collaboration.


Yellow mosaic virus transmitted through whitefly has been a serious production constraint in black gram cultivation in India. During 1990s,the diseasebecameathreat forurdbean cultivation in almost all growing areas of the country including southern peninsula and the central plateau. With the help of effective screening techniques tremendous progress has been made in identificationof potential sources of resistance. Inheritance of resistance to this disease has been studied and the genes for resistance have been incorporated through hybridization. Sincere efforts to develop yellow mosaic resistant cultivars were made at G.B. Pant university of Agriculture and Technology, Pant Nagar. As a result Pant Urd 19 and Pant Urd 30 were released in 1981 and Pant U 35 in 1985. Subsequently several varieties resistant to MYMV have been released by other Institutions in India. However, none of the varieties were found suitable to entire country in different seasons. Pant U 31 due to its durable resistance to MYMV disease, photo-thermo insensitivity, short duration, dwarf type with balanced vegetative growth and higher yielding ability gained popularity among farmers across the country which is evident from the breeder seed indent received from different black gram growing states of India. An outline for developing this cultivar will be ideal in devising further breeding strategies to breed widely adapted cultivars with durable MYMV resistance.


Abstract The analysis of the relationship between fashion and institutions could represent a new approach in the theoretical analysis of fashion. This article is an attempt to show how, from an analysis of Simmel, Lotman, Volli and Legendre and a semiotic-juridical perspective, the topic of fashion can be linked to an anthropological-juridical perspective and a juridical conception of fashion as a normative institution. Juridical knowledge appears to be essential for the anthropological understanding of the phenomenon of fashion and too many studies have forgotten the contribution of the juridical sciences to the theoretical configuration of the question. From a complex historical-juridical analysis of the notion of Corpus Iuris (Kantorowicz) emerges the value of the medieval notion of corpus mysticum as a fictional body, referring to a political context that is both liturgical and ritual. The reference to this idea thus passes from the Corpus Iuris Civilis of medieval canonical law to the modern aesthetic signification (fictional and iconic) of the notion of the political body, referring to the modern state, which is still to be found on the well-known frontispiece of Hobbes' book the Leviathan and then to the fictional and stylised bodies of the models in a fashion show. Following the theories of Legendre, the conclusion of this article suggests to reintroduce the secularised juridical and theological lexis for the aesthetic relationship between the natural body and the fictitious body, seen as a mystical and political body, considered present in the practices of dressing and twentieth-century fashion. Fashion is one of the forms through which, in mobilising desire, the human being constructs that "second body", fictitious, represented, parallel to the real body, which is constitutive of the subjective and collective identity of a society. This body is fashioned under the ritualised and institutionalised form of the garment that hides the body, concealing its animality, which gives access to a collective fictitious reality, of which, we could add, all the products of the semiosphere, including the juridical institutions, are formed.


Dust pollution is a key issue that contractors ought to address in the sphere of sustainable construction. Governments on behalf of the public assume part of the responsibilities for minimizing dust emissions on construction sites. However, the measures that are useful for governments to fulfill such a responsibility have not been explored explicitly in previous studies. The aim of this research is to map out China's practices in this area with the intention of filling the knowledge gap. Using a combination of research methods, five categories of governmental measures are proposed: technological, economic, supervisory, organizational, and assessment-based. Data from 37 major cities in China are collected for analysis. While the proposed categories of measures are demonstrated in China, the data analysis results show that governments prefer technological and organizational measures, and institutional guarantees and technological innovation are a prerequisite for dust-free construction. This research provides a comprehensive examination of construction dust control from the perspective of governments, and it can assist governments in improving the performance of dust management in the construction context.


Abstract: In this chapter, membrane bioreactors are described from an economic point of view. Economic analysis is a crucial stage in plant design, project and control and also requires an evaluation of the research, development and commercialization of the products and bioproducts. Such an analysis is focused here on membrane bioreactors and reactors, also taking into account the separation units such as micro-ultra- and nano-filtration units that might be used as a downstream process or as pretreatment steps. The most important rules and parameters are first introduced. Some examples of application and case studies are also reported.


Deadline and cost optimization are the important issues in cloud computing environment. Lack of these two factors discourages the cloud users from using the services of clouds. The proposed task scheduling considers fulfilling user's requirements with in time and budget constraints. Cloud users always try to maximize their profit and finish the task or job within a predetermined time. Thus, proposed Deadline and Cost Optimization based Task Scheduling (DCOTS) guarantees to satisfy user's need and try to maximize the profit of cloud providers. Proposed approach measures the QoS parameters i.e make span, load balancing, response time, throughput etc of cloud resources and these parameters are also associated with deadline and cost. The effectiveness of proposed scheduling algorithm is compared with existing cost and time based scheduling algorithm.


Even though minicomputers are widely used in industry they are slow to gain acceptance in computer science education. However, because of its increasingly great impact on industry and its potential as a teaching device, the minicomputer should be considered a part of the computer science curriculum. This paper proposes a minicomputer laboratory course at the lower division level emphasizing hands-on use, fundamental computer concepts in conjunction with "computer lore", and problems peculiar to machines. Also, an upper division course is suggested which emphasizes demonstration of advanced programming techniques.


Immunoglobulin‐associated mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis is currently the most common biopsy‐confirmed glomerulonephritis in Cape Town, South Africa. We aimed to determine the outcome of patients with a biopsy‐confirmed diagnosis of immunoglobulin‐associated mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis at our centre.


An Enhanced Chemical Cleaning (ECC) process is being developed to aid in the high level waste tank closure at the Savannah River Site. The ECC process uses an advanced oxidation process (AOP) to destroy the oxalic acid that is used to remove residual sludge from a waste tank prior to closure. The AOP process treats the dissolved sludge with ozone to decompose the oxalic acid through reactions with hydroxyl radicals. The effluent from this oxalic acid decomposition is to be sent to a Type III waste tank and may be corrosive to these tanks. As part of the hazardous simulant testing that was conducted at the ECC vendor location, corrosion testing was conducted to determine the general corrosion rate for the deposition tank and to assess the susceptibility to localized corrosion, especially pitting. Both of these factors impact the calculation of hydrogen gas generation and the structural integrity of the tanks, which are considered safety class functions. The testing consisted of immersion and electrochemical testing of A537 carbon steel, the material of construction of Type III tanks, and 304L stainless steel, the material of construction for transfer piping. Tests were conducted in solutions removed from the destruction loop of themore » prototype ECC set up. Hazardous simulants, which were manufactured at SRNL, were used as representative sludges for F-area and H-area waste tanks. Oxalic acid concentrations of 1 and 2.5% were used to dissolve the sludge as a feed to the ECC process. Test solutions included the uninhibited effluent, as well as the effluent treated for corrosion control. The corrosion control options included mixing with an inhibited supernate and the addition of hydroxide. Evaporation of the uninhibited effluent was also tested since it may have a positive impact on reducing corrosion. All corrosion testing was conducted at 50 C. The uninhibited effluent was found to increase the corrosion rate by an order of magnitude from less than 1 mil per year (mpy) for an inhibited waste to a range of 5 to 23.4 mpy, depending on sludge chemistry. F-area-based effluents were, in general, more corrosive. Effective corrosion control measures included evaporation, hydroxide additions and mixing with supernates containing a representative supernate chemistry (5 M hydroxide and 1.5 M nitrite). Corrosion rates with these measures were generally 0.2 mpy. The A537 carbon steel was found to be susceptible to pitting when the corrosion control measure involved mixing the ECC effluent with a supernate chemistry having minimal inhibitor concentrations (0.5 M hydroxide and 0.3 M nitrite). Corrosion rates in this case were near 1 mpy.« less


The increasing complexity of the financial system has increased the uncertainty of the market, which has led to the complexity of the evolution of limited rational investor behavior decisions. Moreover, it also has a negative effect on the market and affects the development of the real economy and social stability. In view of the interconnected characteristics of various elements presented in financial complexity, based on complex network theory, Bayesian learning theory and social learning theory, this study systematically describes the behavioral decision-making mechanism of individual investors and institutional investors from the perspective of network learning. In addition, this study builds an evolutionary model of investor behavior based on Bayesian learning strategies. According to the results of the horizontal and vertical bidirectional studies simulated by experiments, we can see that the method proposed in this study has a certain effect on the evaluation and decision support of stock market investment.


This article analyzes public debates in Turkey regarding Türkan Saylan (1935–2009), who became a suspect in the Ergenekon case. Through an analysis of commentaries in Turkish dailies, the article identifies prevalent modes of interpretation employed to comprehend her implication and argues how these modes reflect dominant features of processes of politicization and perceptions of politics. Saylan was seemingly marginal to the alleged Ergenekon network. Yet, her implication served to redefine or reify the perceived character of the case among commentators with vested interests. In the process Saylan was given differing symbolic meanings as elements in various discursive formations with Ergenekon as nodal point. However, the diverging explanations of her implication entailed in these formations all tap into a similar repertoire of interpretative tools and socio-political imaginaries and thus reify dominant perceptions of politics. The Ergenekon investigation was politicized from the onset. This makes it imperative to explore just how the case has been debated publicly in order to identify the dominant notions of politics implied. Since the investigation started in 2007, certain developments have produced particularly intense discussions over the nature of the case. They constitute moments of rupture characterized by a breakdown of logic and an intensified preoccupation with what Ergenekon 'really' is. The article focuses upon such a moment, namely the 12th wave of indictments initiated on April 13, 2009, when Saylan became implicated. Her implication related to her position as founder of one of the largest Kemalist civil society organizations in Turkey, Çağdaş Yaşamı Destekleme Derneği (Association for the Support of Modern Life, ÇYDD). Moreover, she was an outspoken AKP and Fethullah Gülen critic and, as such, a key figure in Kemalist-nationalist (ulusalcı) circles that are the main targets


— Object recognition is basically an attempt to mimic the human capability to distinguish different objects in an image. This paper presents Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) and segmentation methods such as Graph Cut, K-means, and Linde – Buzo – Gray (LBG) algorithm. In SIFT, interesting points of the object are extracted to provide a "feature description" of the object. Whenever we work with the image in any application, initial step is to segment the image in order to solve its complexity. This description can then be used to identify the object. Image segmentation is the process of dividing the given image into homogenous regions with respect to certain features. The segmentation of images is the basic thing for understanding the images.


The research on treatment of municipal landfill leachate using aluminum sulfate as flocculant was introduced. The influence of dosage of aluminum sulfate, acidity of municipal landfill leachate and operation temperature on the process of chemical flocculation was discussed. The optimum dosage of aluminum sulfate to the landfill leachate was about 0.5 %, that the acidity of municipal landfill leachate and the operation temperature had obvious effect on the flocculation process. For different types of landfill leachate and affiliated resources, the optimum acidity and temperature could be selected. This could reduce the burthen of following treatment and the cost. At the room temperature, the optimum acidity was 6.5 when using aluminum sulfate as flocculant.


As their name and these lyrics suggest, The Raging Grannies are a movement of impassioned older women who are centrally concerned with the elimination of war and weapons and the promotion of peace and justice. Since 1987, when the first Grannies came together to rage against the presence of nuclear warships in Victoria Harbour, British Columbia, more than one hundred Granny "gaggles" (chapters) have sprung up in cities and towns across North America and around the world. Dressed stereotypically in colorful and kitschy granny costumes (often floral dresses with aprons and hats, sensible shoes and shawls), these women employ a wide range of street-theatrical tactics to attract attention to their antiwar messages.


With every new critical edition of a literary work, the greatest challenge is usually trying to find something new and relevant to say about the text and its author, rather than simply reworking the same familiar ground. This is particularly true for a work such as Mrs Warren's Profession, one of the most notorious works from one of the world's most famous playwrights. So much has been written about both the play and the playwright that it is difficult to imagine creating a fresh approach to the play, making it both astonishing and delightful that the New Mermaids edition, edited by Brad Kent, manages to do just that. In presentation, the volume incorporates the textual features with which New Mermaids readers are familiar. Some of these—the numbered lines and the running heads that identify the acts—are welcome and helpful improvements over other scholarly editions. The one that continues to rankle is the decision to treat Shaw's preface as an adjunct, rather than as an important aspect of the reader's encounter with the text as Shaw formulated it. This seems particularly indefensible for Mrs Warren's Profession, as the lengthy stage censorship of the play made Shaw particularly acutely aware of the play's literary presence; and yet in this edition, Shaw's special preface to the play lies buried in the midst of the appendices. Nonetheless, the editorial decisions and additions are otherwise superb. Kent's real accomplishment derives from the freshness and originality of his perspective on the text and its context, even, in some cases, when he addresses familiar subjects. Kent begins his introduction with the obligatory Reviews


The critical heating phenomena of the winged reentry vehicle HERMES 1.0 are investigated with emphasis on questions which could not be fully resolved with previous work within "Technical Assistance to CNES concerning HERMES Aerothermodynamics". These concern the flow behaviour in the canopy region at wind tunnel flow conditions and the rudder heating at high-Mach-number flight conditions. The computation of the leeside of HERMES at wind tunnel flow conditions confirm previous results of ONERA. Surprisingly, rudder heating at flight conditions is substantially lower as compared to engineering estimates based on Stanton-Miller numbers and data for wind tunnel conditions. Extensive flow visualization is used to analyse the different flow behaviour found for wind tunnel and flight conditions.Finally, numerical computations for adiabatic boundary conditions with radiation support previous engineering methods for the windward side of HERMES which relate radiation equilibrium wall temperatures to Stanton numbers for isotherma.


THE problem concerning the volume of the dead space in the air passages of man has been much debated of late years. Up to 1904 the measurements of Zuntz and Loewy(l) on the bronchial tree of a corpse were generally accepted as giving at least a good approximation to the volume, and by the Zuntz school of physiologists and many others the figure found (140 c.c.) was used for calculating the composition of the alveolar air from that of the mixed expired air. When Haldane and Priestley(2) had invented the direct method of taking samples of alveolar air they utilised this also for determining the volume of the dead space, comparing the C02 percentage of the alveolar air with that of the total expired air according to the formula1


Summary Prestack Kirchhoff Time Migration (PSTM) is probably the most used method for obtaining proper image of complex subsurface. In areas of rapid lateral and vertical velocity changes, energy is dispersed in such a way that it is very complicated to be provide desired resolution of the data. The PSTM focuses scattered energy by moving it to a proper subsurface position if accurate velocity model is provided for migration. Only when energy is properly focused, stacking improves the quality of signals and eliminates noise. Building such velocity model, can bring significant improvement of seismic data quality (both resolution and continuity) and proper spatial structural positioning. For these reasons, velocity estimation process has great influence in seismic imaging. The process of moving seismic events to their actual location of occurrence in the subsurface is strongly dependant on the velocity model, but also is greatly affected of the whole processing quality. Seismic processing is long and comprehensive process of converting seismic field data into a meaningful seismic section and involves a lot of steps of data manipulations. The result is a high quality time image of the subsurface which better matches to the real geologic structures.


The invention relates to a display unit and a system for distribution of electric power, which has a corresponding display unit having a plurality of switches (CB1-CB8), wherein the display unit (A) is communicatively connected to the switches (CB1-CB8) and data (DA) receives that relate to the operation of the switches (CB1-CB8). Each switch (CB1-CB8) of the plant, comprising two mechanically separable switching elements, a sensor unit which detects the current flowing through the switching elements power an electronic trip unit, which triggers the separation of the switching elements when a switch (CB1-CB8) associated with current-dependent trigger condition is satisfied, and a mechanical switching unit, which disconnects the switching elements upon fulfillment of the triggering condition.


Streaming and multimedia services are key applications in UWB-based high-rate short-range wireless personal area networks (WPANs). In this paper, we study how to support the quality of service (QoS) requirement of these services over the distributed TDMA-based WiMedia UWB MAC protocol. We develop an integer-linear programming model to solve the path available bandwidth problem. To reduce the computation complexity, a lower bound, an upper bound and an estimation of the path available bandwidth are derived. They are also used as routing metrics to develop a novel QoS routing algorithm to find paths with high available bandwidth. The performance results demonstrate that the lower bound is close to the upper bound and they are even equal to each other in most cases. When used as routing metrics, they can find paths with larger available bandwidth and accommodate more traffic flows than existing ones.


ABSTRACT Crack growth monitoring methodologies have been developed in many engineering applications mainly due to the associated risks of malfunctioning, damage, and economic losses. Intending both to increase safe operational life and reduce maintenance cost, a model-based methodology for force identification in mechanical systems is proposed, aiming at detecting and monitoring forces appearing and development, such as those related to transversal crack, unbalance, and others associated to different faults in rotating machines. A force identification methodology using orthogonal functions is developed considering that the modal base of the rotating system is known, which permits the system modal force identification by using a reduced number of measures. The proposed methodology is validated both numerically and experimentally using a cracked rotor, composed of a flexible horizontal shaft, two rigid discs, and two self-aligning ball bearings. Finally, it is demonstrated that the monitoring of the modal forces can be potentially beneficial to evaluate the structural health condition of rotating components.


Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation has attracted extensive attention in recent years. Studies have shown that catalytic materials with O, N and other defects can effectively reduce the bond energy of N
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.0" width="23.636364pt" height="16.000000pt" viewBox="0 0 23.636364 16.000000" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet"><metadata>
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
</metadata><g transform="translate(1.000000,15.000000) scale(0.015909,-0.015909)" fill="currentColor" stroke="none"><path d="M80 600 l0 -40 600 0 600 0 0 40 0 40 -600 0 -600 0 0 -40z M80 440 l0 -40 600 0 600 0 0 40 0 40 -600 0 -600 0 0 -40z M80 280 l0 -40 600 0 600 0 0 40 0 40 -600 0 -600 0 0 -40z"/></g></svg>
 N triple bond when N2 is adsorbed on the defects. As an outstanding non-metallic catalyst, g-C3N4 has been widely studied in the field of photocatalytic catalysis, and the nitrogen-defected C3N4 shows promoted photocatalytic activity. Herein, nano-size MOF-74 particles (<20 nm) was dispersed on nitrogen-defected C3N4 thin film (∼4 nm) via a simple sol–gel method. The combination of Nano-MOF and defected film C3N4 could effectively improve the photocatalytic activity of nitrogen fixation through Z-scheme mechanism compared with pure defected film C3N4.


Abstract : 'Buddy' ratings of leadership potential are obtained for operational purposes on enlisted men during their fifth week of Basic Combat Training (bct). The ratings are obtained by having each trainee rank his squadmates on leadership potential and then rate them on a 7-point leadership scale (7 = high). The scale values for each ratee are then averaged to provide his 'Buddy' rating. Those combat MOS assignees who receive 'Buddy' ratings of 3.5 or higher and meet Combat Aptitude Area score requirements are eligible to participate in a two week pre-AIT (Advanced Individual Training) leadership training program. The actual selection of participants in AIT is made from these eligibles and represents approximately the top 10% of the AIT assignees in terms of the variables considered.


The article deals with the possibility to apply six mixtures of non traditional fertilizers in one-or-two year seedlings (young plants) of pinus sylvestris L. cultivation. Sukhjljzhsky forest district of Sverdlovsk region forestry department nursery has been chosen for its realization (pre-forest steppe of pine bird forest okrug of zauralsky flat country province of west siberian flat country forest grown region. Jt has been proved experimentally that the mixture of sewage, superactive sludge and Solikamsk bumprom «ОAO» ashes and the mixture of turf and superactive sludge as well (500 kg/ha for sure increases the average hight of two year old seedlings (young plants). When cultivating 1-year old seedlings the best effect has been adieved under sewage sediment and superactive sludge and sludge treated by lime crem (500 kg/ha application. Proceeding with researches will make possible to work out practical recommendations for wood processing wastes applcation as well as technical and waste water purification.


The invention discloses a sound pressure test method and a sound pressure test system. Later modifying compensation calculation is added by combining an actual test environment to modify a sound pressure value measured by a test machine. The method comprises the steps that a test microphone is placed in the pressure field of a device to be tested; the test microphone tests the sound pressure of the device to be tested at different frequencies to acquire original test data; the original test data are calculated to acquire a sound pressure test value; according to the parameters of the actual test environment, modifying calculation is carried out on the sound pressure test value; and the modified sound pressure value is used as the sound pressure test result of the device to be tested and is output. According to the invention, modifying calculation is carried out on the sound pressure value; the influence of the diaphragm vibration of the test microphone on test sound pressure is reduced; accurate test sound pressure and frequency response curve are acquired; and the method is suitable for testing a headphone, a receiver and the like, and is suitable for various test conditions.


This thesis report describes an intelligent multiple- choice question examination system, named Automatic MCQ Generation, for students . It requires lots of educators efforts  and time since it is tedious and meticulous which can sometimes leads to human mistake . The purpose of this research is to ease the educators work      in the process of preparation exam questions and giving them more time to concentrate on teaching materials and strengthen their teaching techniques without being burdened with the exam questions preparations.The area of research is multiple choice questions, which are commonly used in educational tests, social surveys, market research and other areas We introduce a rule- based automatic question generation for the task, as well as im- plement statistical sentence selection and various configurations of named entity recognition . Three types of WH-questions (What, Who, and Where) can be produced by our system .


The purpose of this article is to analyze the condition of indigenous peoples' rights in the context of the protection, safeguarding and management of their cultural heritage, especially those elements which have been recognized as of "outstanding universal values" and inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. As the territory of reference I chose Latin American area – the region of significant and dynamic changes in heritage policy and gradual increase in the recognition of indigenous peoples' cultural rights. I point out the negative aspects of the political appropriation of the cultural heritage (mostly sites and monuments) and the implications of its designation as a World Heritage for indigenous peoples. Referring to the international documents and analyzing the content of the recommendations and reports adopted in recent years by the UN-system, I also try to identify the positive social initiatives and political practices dedicated to the protection, preservation and management of the indigenous peoples' cultural heritage.


This paper, as a research about the effectiveness and the dimensions of measurements, provides a formal definition of E-learning process measurement elements. Upon this definition, the E-learning Process Capability Maturity Model (ELPCMM) is set up, including the phase and continuous models, and the workflows of each process field with detailed studies about the characters and relationships of each workflow.


Four experiments tested whether a waiting line should be viewed as a social system with norms, roles, and obligations for queuers or whether behavior in a queue can be explained solely by individuals' personal interests and cost versus benefit calculations. The 1st 3 studies demonstrated that Ss were more likely to respond to an intruder than to aservice provider who interrupts the service for a specific amount of time even though waiting costs were manipulated to be identical in both situations


Industrial tourism has become increasingly popular in recent years, particularly in India. From power stations to distilleries and rope makers to chocolate manufacturers, all sorts of sites are opening their doors to the public. The automotive industry in particular is attracting considerable interest with production sites welcoming thousands of visitors every year. This article gives a brief overview of the concept of industrial tourism and lists the benefits. Studies on four different sites are presented, outlining their visitor profiles, economic benefits and marketing activities.


Lightweight construction is aimed to achieve a sustainable feature by reducing transportation frequency and construction materials usage during construction phase. Lightweight precast concrete may serve an alternative for the lightweight construction. There are rarely application can be found for structural members as lightweight panels always to be used for secondary or non-load bearing members. This paper presents an experimental study on properties (compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, water absorption) of lightweight foamed concrete (LFC) at two different curing methods. LFC with densities of 1500, 1700, and 1800 kg/m, cementsand ratio of 2:1 and water-cement ratio of 0.5 were investigated. The results showed LFC can be produced with the properties of density range of 1500 to 1800 kg/m and corresponding compressive strength of 10 to 39 MPa. The higher the density of LFC, the less the water absorption for all the curing method considered, the highest and the lowest water absorption was 11.3% and 2.0% for 1500 kg/m cured in water and 1800 kg/m cured in air respectively. Compressive strength of LFC increases with age and density while water cured LFC has high compressive strength. Splitting tensile strength increases with density of LFC, but air cured LFC has more splitting tensile strength than water cured of the same density. The highest splitting tensile strength recorded was 3.92 MPa for 1800 kg/m cured in air, which was about 16% of its compressive strength at 28 days of curing age. These properties are important and can be applied to LFC precast structural members with air or water curing method which have less references for LFC in structural usage.


Cryogenic aerosol clean processes have been successful for cleaning of blanket films and robust device structures. As the line width becomes smaller and aspect ratios (ARs) become higher, they have either been eliminated or used with caution due to line damage. Theoretical line damage modeling indicates that collision induced stress in line structures is a function of the AR of line cross section. Theoretical analysis also shows that smaller and lighter cryogenic aerosol crystal is desired to avoid line damage. Nitrogen cryogenic aerosol processes have been evaluated for damage-free cleaning on 90 and 65 nm technologies at the IBM 300 mm manufacturing line. Process results on the 90 nm technology at the post spacer nitride deposition clean have shown no damage and particle removal efficiency (PRE) greater than 92%. Implementation of the same nitrogen only aerosol process at the post cobalt silicide probe test clean on 90 nm high AR gate structures has shown significant improvement over the previous process of record argon/nitrogen-based aerosol. Evaluation at the post nickel silicide probe test clean on 65 nm device technology with low AR gate structures has shown the process is damage-free with particle removal efficiency greater than 95%. This nitrogen only aerosol process has been implemented in the 65 nm technology flow and has been proven to be damage-free in volume manufacturing


We propose InterDecoder: a new non-autoregressive automatic speech recognition (NAR-ASR) training method that injects the advantage of token-wise autoregressive decoders while keeping the efficient non-autoregressive inference. The NAR-ASR models are often less accurate than autoregressive models such as Transformer decoder, which predict tokens conditioned on previously predicted tokens. The Inter-Decoder regularizes training by feeding intermediate encoder outputs into the decoder to compute the token-level prediction errors given previous ground-truth tokens, whereas the widely used Hybrid CTC/Attention model uses the decoder loss only at the final layer. In combination with Self-conditioned CTC, which uses the Intermediate CTC predictions to condition the encoder, performance is further improved. Experiments on the Librispeech and Tedlium2 dataset show that the proposed method shows a relative 6% WER improvement at the maximum compared to the conventional NAR-ASR methods.


This paper describes the relationship between the adverse drug effects of anti-allergic drugs and their rational uses based on the analysis of clinical adverse reactions of asthma drug pemirolast potassium tablets.


The present study examines the impact of national and ethnic divisions on misidentification. In that respect this study is the first of its kind. The study of misidentification on the national level involves a comparison of Israeli and Canadian samples, while the cross-ethnic aspect of the study relies on a comparison of three ethnic groups within the Israeli sample. The findings from the experimental test of identification ability reveal that national distinction (Canadian-Israeli), as well as the inter-society grouping (Ashkenazic-Sephardic-Arab), affect the amount of both types of errors: nonidentification and false identification. The comparison of the ethnic distance (within society) to the national distance (between societies) suggests that the national distance separating societies is far more powerful as a cause for both types of errors than the ethnic distance separating groups within a society.


For a large proportion of Mexican Indigenous speakers, it is common for the use of their native languages to shift across generations towards Spanish, the majority language in Mexico. This specific population can be defined as heritage speakers (HS) of their indigenous language, since many of them are Spanish-dominant bilinguals with a strong connection to their minority native language and culture, both of which they might only maintain in their family home where they were raised. The present study investigates the perceptual sensitivity of HS of Santiago Mexquititlán Otomi (Hñäñho) towards sounds of their native language to examine if these HS can accurately categorize Hñäñho vowels or whether their categorization is influenced by their dominant Spanish vowel system. Twelve Hñäñho HS (HHS) and twelve Mexican Spanish monolinguals (MSM) listened to the Hñäñho-specific vowel contrasts/a – ɔ/and/ɔ – o/and categorized them among the vowels of their respective mother tongue. Our results indicate that HHS correctly categorize vowels/a/and/o/, which exist in both Hñäñho and Spanish, but do not accurately categorize the Hñäñho-specific vowel/ɔ/. Moreover, HHS and MSM showed similar patterns in terms of the proportion of/ɔ/categorized as either/a/and/o/. These results have implications for the maintenance of language-specific vowel contrasts and the vowel system of a minority language, such as Hñäñho, in the context of language shift towards Spanish in Mexico.


I    curtail escalating costs, growing numbers of health care policymakers, payers, and providers around the world are embracing value-based health care, an approach that focuses on optimizing the relationship between treatment costs and outcomes. The trend is already bearing fruit, with a number of health care systems and organizations using value-based approaches to raise the quality of care while signifi cantly driving down costs.


The time analysis of the signal induced by the drift of charged carriers in high purity germanium detectors provides information on the event topology. Millions of charge carriers are produced in a typical event. Their initial distribution, stochastic diffusion and Coulomb self-repulsion affect the time structure of the signal. We present the first comprehensive study of these effects and evaluate their impact on the event discrimination capabilities of interest for neutrinoless double-beta decay experiments.


A combination of scholarship incentives and a new interdisciplinary degree program were used to increase the number and diversity of students majoring in computing at Santa Clara University. A 2009 grant from the Scholarships in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (S-STEM) program of the National Science Foundation (NSF) provided scholarships of up to $10,000 per year for two cohorts of students. This paper describes how these scholarships and the new degree program impacted both the enrollment and diversity of undergraduates majoring in computing, what worked well and what did not, and what was learned from the experience.


Abstract: Due to the increasingly various demands on the infrastructure and industrialization for global competition, vocational education in Taiwan is facing the turning point of renovation for its competitiveness. The purpose of this paper is to explore the theoretical structure and curriculum features of vocational education in Taiwan with the former comprised by the cluster-based curriculum and the latter by the school-based curriculum. Cluster-based curriculum not only strengthens students' capability on core courses but also provides more opportunities to allow students to switch their interests. Nevertheless, school-based curriculum has been confronted with several barriers, such as traditional expectation of school functions, the instructional routine, rigidly fixed instructional patterns, and lack of internal and external evaluation mechanism. Finally, the future research focus should dwell more on experimental design in comparing teachers' and students' perspectives toward the curricular changes. Introduction Undoubtedly, vocational education has been regarded curial and indispensable in the progression of economic development in Taiwan over the past decades. In addition, it has been the basis of our economic expansion, which helped Taiwan transform itself to be one of the four "economic miracles" in Asia. The industrialization process, planned by the government, has comprised three developing directions: innovation, integration, and capability (Wu & Fan, 2004). Over the decades, Taiwan has placed vocational education high in its priority at an early stage of such industrialization process. However, due to the increasingly various demand on the infrastructure, industrialization, and global competition, vocational education is facing the turning point of renovation for competition. Basically, four missions have been embraced regarding the renovation of the vocational education in Taiwan: "producing national manpower, establishing a closer relationship between work and school, seen as an equity measure, and considered as skill-culture" (Tilak, 2002, pp. 3-4). Generally speaking, the developing pathway of vocational education in Taiwan was divided into three periods with its respective specific implementation guidelines that were initiated by the Ministry of Education. The three periods are: agricultural phase (1945-1986), industrial phase (1987-1999), and information technology phase (2000present). The shifts of the economic focus in each particular historical period generated the impetus for the changes in each phase of vocational education. Up to this point, the curriculum of vocational education in Taiwan comprises features as follows: 1. Shifting from unit trade to the cluster-based curriculum. 2. Developing the school-based curriculum. 3. Reflecting the demands from national workforce and economic development. 4. Improving the quantity and quality of vocational schools (Wen & Yuan), 2003). In addition, the curriculum standards of vocational education have been revised approximately every 10 years under the guidance and supervision of the Ministry of Education. The purpose of this paper is to compare different programs (cluster-based curriculum vs. school-based curriculum) and investigate the theoretical and societal foundations behind each program of vocational education in Taiwan. The following content will start with background of curricular changes, the curriculum development system, the general picture of the vocational education, the content of two curriculums, the critique of the previous research, the future pathway and conclusion. Background of Curricular Changes The social and economic turns that have transformed Taiwan into different facades in different periods over the past decades have paved the way for the curricular changes in vocational education led by the Ministry of Education. …


Globalization and the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic have disrupted the way we live, work, and learn, which has resulted in an inevitable digital shift and transformation in education. In addition to the need for lifelong learning, continuous self-improvement, and renewing knowledge, the current digital transformation requires academics to apply their pedagogical and technological skills on their teaching and learning to address the newly-emerging needs. This study aims to determine the demographics, administrative and organizational structures, and the activities of Teaching and Learning Centers that strive to contribute to the professional development of faculty members in Turkish higher education institutions. The data from the centers were collected in a three-step process and analyzed qualitatively. The findings revealed that most of the centers, other than the pioneer ones, were recently established and were affiliated with and supported by university senior management, where the center administrators undertake most of the workload. Therefore, ensuring faculty members' participation in professional development activities organized by these centers is important to increase their awareness of using technology as a tool in teaching.


Male fertility reactions of one hundred and forty-one accessions of chilies were classified. Three groups were found. Some accessions maintained male sterility and were determined to carry a nonsterile cytoplasm and to lack fertility restoration genes or N rfrf genotype. Some accessions segregated for the ability to restore male sterile cytoplasm and were determined to be heterozygous in restorer genes with genotype N/SRfrf. Some accessions restored fertility of CMS and had the genotype N/SRfRf. A few maintainers with good horticultural characteristics were selected. They were selfed and selected for a few generations and then their progeny were evaluated. There were differences in the genetic stability of cytoplasmic male-sterility among the selected lines. Some lines were good maintainers, but a few lines were discarded. The stable maintainers were distributed to 10 seed companies and the government of China. Some F1 hybrid chilies produced using these lines have been commercially sold both in China and Thailand. Fruit physio-chemical qualities of maintainer accessions, restorers and heterozygous accessions were also recorded. The level of capsaicin of the accessions varied from 3,250 to 8,850 Scoville units. The level of vitamin C showed a range of 4.43 to 103.16 mg./100g.fw. Horticultural characteristics of the accessions were recorded and the fruit physio-chemical qualities of the accessions were reported. Original Research Article Nikornpun and Boonyakiat; JEAI, 42(1): 105-115, 2020; Article no.JEAI.54883 106


A process thought to be important in explaining the observational characteristics and overall evolution of globular clusters is that of binary single star scattering. This study explores the effects that result from the non-infinitesimal sizes of the interacting stars, in contrast to many preceding studies in which the stars have been treated as points. Computationally simple, and therefore relatively crude, models have been developed for the effects of tidal forces and mass transfer between the stars, and these models have been included in a large-scale Monte Carlo calculation of the overall effects of scattering. The principle case studied was that of a 1.4 M e neutron star incident on a binary composed of a 1.0 M e white dwarf and a 0.4 M e main-sequence star, which was placed in an initially circular orbit with a period of about 3.8 days. In order to determine the relative importances of some of the parameters involved in the simulations, additional calculations were conducted in which the initial orbital period, the orbital eccentricity, the set of masses and the strength of the tidal perturbation were varied from their values in the standard case. In addition to providing new estimates for the cross sections for ionization events, exchange events and various kinds of mass transfer, these calculations reveal the wholly unanticipated possibility that the process of mass transfer may produce ionization interactions even when the total energy of the three-body system (excluding the internal binding energy of the stars) is initially less than zero. Thesis Supervisor: Paul C. Joss Title: Professor of Physics


Over the past several years, the Department of Chemical Engineering at Michigan State University (MSU) has been developing a comprehensive set of courses in biochemical engineering and biotechnology for both undergraduate and graduate students. Beginning with a fairly standard biochemical engineering reactor design course that has been taught over the past sixteen years, the course offerings have expanded to include undergraduate research opportunities, a state-of-the-art teaching laboratory, two higher level bioprocessing courses, a seminar course, and a multidisciplinary graduate training program. An undergraduate-run student chapter of the International Society of Pharmaceutical Engineers (ISPE) was also initiated and has provided extracurricular benefits for the students. The department has obtained both equipment donations and federal grants for these efforts. One of the authors (CP) is currently a graduate student who was involved as an undergraduate in almost all phases of this program and will provide his perspectives on the program effectiveness and its benefits to a student. The other two authors are faculty members who have been involved in the development of the courses and coordination of the program.


High-speed jet engine ball bearings operate under challenging operating conditions, such as high speeds, loads, and temperatures. In addition, they have to meet the highest reliability standards. Thus, they require advanced materials, designs, and cooling systems. Though new materials, heat treatments, and component designs have been developed to meet these challenging requirements, the design of the raceway curvature ratio mainly follows the classical rolling bearing life theory, which is based on subsurface fatigue. But the frictional heating in the contact zone due to the phenomenon of microsliding is not considered in the design of high-speed ball bearings. This article presents the results obtained from rig testing with a state-of-the-art high-speed jet engine ball bearing with various curvature ratios on the inner and outer races. The influence of the curvature ratio on the bearing ring temperatures and the bearing power loss is demonstrated.


[81380-82-7] C11H14LiNO (MW 183.179)

InChI = 1S/C11H14NO.Li/c1-3-12(4-2)11(13)10-8-6-5-7-9-10;/h5-8H,3-4H2,1-2H3;

InChIKey = KNVJQQWNAALZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

(reagent used for production of highly substituted benzene derivatives)

Preparative Method: solutions of the title compound can be obtained by deprotonation of N,N-diethylbenzamide using sec-Butyllithium in THF/TMEDA at −78 °C.


In Phase I, expectations for parental involvement were evaluated in a Title I school with a history of low reading achievement. Interviews were conducted with the principal, parent liaison, two first-grade teachers, and four families with limited financial resources whose children struggled in reading. Administrators and teachers believed parents' lack of involvement at school events conveyed the wrong values to their children and served as a primary reason for continued poor academic performances. In Phase II, parents and teachers partnered to tutor students. For those families who participated in tutoring, their children's reading progress after 2 months of tutoring matched or exceeded their growth during the previous 7 months of receiving only classroom instruction. Teachers' initial skepticism regarding parents' ability to tutor was replaced by a new appreciation for their efforts. Discussion focuses on both the quantity and the quality of parental involvement using a framework by Pomerantz and Moorman.


One of the problems with the modern radio communication is the lack of availableradio frequencies. Recent studies have shown that, while the available licensed radiospectrum becomes more occupied, ...


Mahasweta Devi and Toni Morrison are the two stalwarts of the Indian English and the Afro-American literature respectively. The writings of these two novelists are authentic and powerful records of the lives of the people because much of their personal experiences have gone into the making of their works. Devi, a representative force of the Indian English literature, is also a social activist working with the tribals of Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa and West Bengal. Most of her works echo the lives and struggles of the subalterns as is evident in her "best beloved book" Chotti Munda and His Arrow. The novelist focuses on the struggle of the tribals against the colonial and the feudal powers to create their own identity, thereby, embarking on the ideological project of 'setting the record straight'. The Nobel Laureate Toni Morrison, on the other hand, brings to the fore the crucial issues of gender, race and class in many of her significant works. In one of her representative works Sula, the protagonist emerges as a nonconformist and directly confronts the notion of a 'good woman' nurtured by the community of the Blacks. In addition to this, the struggle of the Blacks against the White domination, also become an important theme of the text. The thrust of the paper lies in making a critical analysis of the portrayal of the heroic attempts of the subaltern protagonist and the artistic endeavor of the novelists in challenging the stereotypes. Keywords—Subaltern, The Centre And The Periphery, Struggle Of The Muted Groups.


The problem of synthesising a sparse linear array with multiple patterns is formulated as an extended reweighted l 1 -norm minimisation with multiple convex constraints. Synthesis results show that the proposed method can find the common sparse element positions with optimised excitations for multiple-pattern requirements, and the mainlobe, sidelobe as well as nulling region for each pattern can be accurately controlled.


A superhydrophilic surface decorated with 2D hydrophobic water barriers is proven to be a potential platform for unidirectional liquid transport. Differing from the existing systems based on 3D micro-structures, this functional surface features a simplified structure and high adaptiveness that provide more possibilities for the development of fluid manipulating materials.


This paper gives a comprehensive introduction of Radio Interface Protocol Archi tecture of WCDMA, discusses the control of random access transmission of WCDMA system and introduces the development trend of MAC technology of broad band wireless access network.