The invention discloses a high-strength and high-durability pre-stressed concrete pile and a production method thereof. The high-strength and high-durability pre-stressed concrete pile provided by the invention is formed by casting pumped high-strength concrete. The pumped high-strength concrete comprises the following components: a binding material, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, a polycarboxylate high-property water reducing agent and water. The pre-stressed concrete pile provided by the invention has higher strength and anti-corrosive and durable properties.


Knowledge is an important company resource, particularly when the organisation is striving to create new goods and services and to be more innovative. Knowledge is created at the interface between individuals and organisations and also by original scholarly research; however, this new knowledge must often be diffused across an organisation or transferred between organisations before it can be internalised and adopted. Therefore the modes and mechanisms for transferring knowledge transfer have, over the past 25 years, been steadily receiving more and more attention. This special issue of the Journal of R&D Management recognises this progression and brings forward recent academic papers with the aim of extending this field. Each paper offers insights into this phenomena at a national/policy, organisational or activity level and were originally submitted to a Special Interest Group, led by the Editors of the Special Issue and hosted by the International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM) between 2013 and 2015. Whilst introducing each of these papers, the introduction for the Special Issue: Transferring Knowledge for Innovation also makes a unique contribution to the field, by presenting a simple heuristic that could be used to offer some degree of categorisation in terms of the respective content and therefore contribution of each paper.


Practical recommendations for the effective implementation of projects in imaginative and creative solutions based on the lateral approach are offered


Objective: The objective of the present work was to evaluate the phytochemical study, cytotoxic activity and anthelmintic property of the whole plant chloroform extract of Clitoria ternatea L . Methods: The chloroform extract was tested for protein, amino acids. alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, saponins. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of chloroform extract was performed by MTT assay method against HepG2 (Liver carcinoma), HeLa (Cervix carcinoma) cell lines. 25, 50 and 100 mg/ml concentration of chloroform extract of Clitoria ternatea L . whole plant were taken for performing anthelmintic activity against adult Indian earthworm Pheritima posthuma . Results: The preliminary phytochemical tests revealed that chloroform extract of Clitoria ternatea L . contains amino acids, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids. Effect of inhibition of cell growth showed significant cytotoxicity against HepG2 with an IC50 of 110.00±1.9 μg/ml and against HeLa with an IC50 of 104.50±0.9μg/ml. The crude chloroform extract (25, 50, 150 mg/ml concentration) of Clitoria ternatea L . whole plant shows potent anthelmintic activity against Pheritima posthuma . Conclusion: The present study concluded that Clitoria ternatea L . can be considered as an important source of natural products that have anti-cancer potentials and potent anthelmintic activity.


The purpose of this study is to determine the international jurisdiction of the courts in the matters of divorce, legal separation, marriage annulment as well as rights of custody that contain element/s of foreignness, which is one of the most important issues of the international family law. In that sense, first of all Council Regulation (EC) No 2201/2003 of 27 November 2003 concerning jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in matrimonial matters and the matters of parental responsibility, repealing Regulation (EC) No 1347/2000 will be analyzed. According to the Regulation, it shall apply in civil matters concerning divorce, legal separation or marriage annulment as well as the attribution, exercise, delegation, restriction or termination of parental responsibility, whatever the nature of the court or tribunal in the member states of the European Union . Secondly, the issue will be examined in Turkish private international law. If lawsuits concerning the personal status of Turkish citizens, the international jurisdiction of the Turkish Courts shall be determined according to Article 41 of the Code of Turkish Private International Law and Procedural Law. In other circumtances, according to Article 40 of the Code of Turkish Private International Law and Procedural Law, the international jurisdiction of the Turkish courts concerning divorce, legal separation, marriage annulment that contain element/s shall be determined according to the relevant articles of Code of Civil Procedure and Turkish Civil Code. However, the cases concerning rights of custody, the international jurisdiction of the Turkish Courts shall be determined with the Convention of 5 October 1961 Concerning The Powers of The Authorities and The Law Applicable in Respect of the Protection of Infants


The World Bank, with the financial support of the Japan Social Development Fund (JSDF), is implementing the Alternative Indigenous and Afro-Descendants and Agroforestry Project (COCOA-RAAN) in the indigenous and Afro-descended (Miskito) regions of Nicaragua. The implementing agency, the Agro-forestry coordinating association of indigenous peoples and farmers, is a regional Non government Organization (NGO) 'focused on seeking local socio-productive integration, promoting ecodevelopment and community empowerment.' The project's objective is to strengthen the capacity of indigenous, Miskito, and mestizo organizations to produce and market quality cocoa in an economically and environmentally sustainable manner. The project is designed to transform the environmentally damaging practices of cocoa agriculture to conserve the biodiversity, regenerate and sustainably manage forest resources, and improve farmers' livelihoods. Activities include interventions to: i) develop integrated management systems for agro-forestry on at least 1,000 cocoa small farmers; ii) improve marketing to international fair trade and sustainable chocolate companies; and iii) strengthen the social, commercial and environmental management capacity of beneficiaries. To reach the beneficiary community-based organizations and cooperatives, a project-sponsored fund finances subprojects of up to US$25,000.


The present article deals with the peristaltic flow of a nano-Eyring Prandtl fluid model in a diverging tube. The governing equations for the considered model in view of the nanoparticles are presented in cylindrical coordinates using long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximation. The resulting nonlinear differential equations are solved for velocity, temperature, nanoparticle, and pressure gradient using the homotopy perturbation method. Numerical integration has been carried out for pressure rise, frictional forces, velocity, temperature, and nanoparticles. The numerical results are discussed through graphs. The effects of various emerging parameters are investigated for five different peristaltic waves. Streamlines have been plotted at the end of the article for the considered waveforms. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.21047


The pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) is specie widespread in the state of Paraná, both as an object of cultivation aimed extractive fishing. To conserving and adding value to this fish has been widely used the smoking process. However, as the fish are smoked whole with the skin, the visual characteristics don't instigate interest to consumers. In order to improve commercialization of this product, we proceeded to smoking of animals cut in order to thus make them more presentable to the consumer. This study aimed to evaluate the yield of cuts of fish subjected to the smoking process. For the experiment were used fishes raised in cages with average weight of 1.485 kg. After slaughter, evisceration and removal of the skins was carried out the removal the fillets and their separation in "loin" (top) and "ribs" (bottom). The cuts had an average weight of 0.255 kg and 0.150 kg respectively. After separate, the cuts were submitted to a brine (20% NaCl + spices) 2:1 for 30 minutes. The smoking process ware consisted a predrying at 50°C for 30 minutes and a posterior elevation of the temperature to 90°C to carry out the curing, totaling 8 hours. At the end of the process were evaluated: visual aspect and cooking of cuts. The cuts showed an average yield of 66% after smoking. In relation to weight the ribs had a yield of 6% and 11% of the loins. There was an evident improvement in the visual appearance of the products.


Using a variety of anti-malaria tools has resulted in a steady decline of malaria in several endemic countries worldwide. An effective vaccine will be critical to halt malaria or even succeed to final eradication. In that perspective, we studied the potential of whole sporozoite immunization by bites of P. falciparum infected mosquitoes under chemoprophylaxis (CPS). In this thesis we further explored this CPS model and assessed different immunizing doses, type of chemoprophylaxis and immunological determinants of disease and protection. We found a clear dose dependent efficacy, independent of type of chemoprophylaxis, found CD107a and CD8 T cells producing granzyme B related to protective immunity. In the field many genetically different strains circulate and a future vaccine should be able to cover multiple strains. We re-challenged volunteers with a different strain and found modest heterologously protection.We retrospectively assessed the parasitological dynamics and adverse events using a positive qPCR rather than thick smear and found reduced the clinical symptoms of malaria for volunteers after challenge.Successful malaria eradication will be more likely to be achieved with a multi-disciplinary approach. Additionally, sufficient and continuous funds will proof to be of tremendous necessity.


Britain's emergence as the world's leading industrial power in the nineteenth century was highly dependent on its extensive new canal network created by the founders of the UK civil engineering profession. Reopening the network—much of which has been closed for over half a century—is now seen as a valuable catalyst to regenerating Britain's former industrial cities. However, the task presents today's civil engineers with almost as many challenges as the original construction. The £58 million project to reopen the final sections of the trans- Pennine Rochdale and Huddersfield Canals—and thus restore the South Pennine Ring waterway—is a classic example of the flexible and innovative approaches needed to thread new life into today's decayed and congested urban environments.


Based on the data of the energy statistics from 1980 to 2004,this paper measured the relationship between the primary energy consumption structure,technique,management and the energy use per unit of GDP using the path analysis approach,and presented the degree of the direct,indirect and the overall influence from the primary energy consumption structure to the energy use per unit of GDP.The results show that the imponderables such as the technical and management level played a decisive role to the energy use per unit of GDP,and the ratio of oil consumption was a major limiting factor to energy use per unit of GDP.Therefore,in the proportion of coal consumption,rate decline is smaller.In order to achieve the purpose of energy saving,we must first attach importance to technological progress and raise the management level,and raise the proportion of oil use,with particular emphasis on the hydropower development.We eliminated the multicollinearity in the model with the path analysis result and finally analyzed the influence and the effect from the primary energy consumption structure to the energy conservation.


Deep learning has emerged as a powerful method for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. However, a significant prerequisite for HSI classification using deep learning is enough labeled samples, which is both time-consuming and labor-intensive. Yet, labeled samples are essential for training deep learning models. This article proposes an HSI classification method based on the self-supervised learning of spectral masking (SSLSM). The method mainly includes two steps: self-supervised pretraining and fine-tuning. First, considering the rich spectral information of HSI, we propose masked spectral reconstruction as the pretext task. The unmasked data are input into the encoder and decoder sequentially, which are composed of a multilayer transformer, for feature learning of masked spectral reconstruction. Second, we use reference samples to fine-tune the network, and the encoder and decoder are innovatively cascaded for deep semantic feature extraction, which can further improve the ability of feature extraction in the downstream classification tasks. The experimental results show that, compared with other methods, the SSLSM obtains the highest classification accuracy of 96.52%, 97.03%, and 96.70% on the Indian Pines dataset, Pavia University dataset, and Yancheng Wetlands dataset, respectively. Our method can also be applied to other HSI datasets, and the codes will be available from https://github.com/CIRSM-GRoup/2023-TGRS-SSLSM.


Plant competition strongly affects the species composition of managed grassland. To identify relevant processes, Festuca pratensis (Huds.) and Dactylis glomerata (L.) were grown as monocultures or mixtures in boxes placed in the field for two seasons and subjected to two cutting frequencies. Root and shoot competition effects were separated using soil and aerial partitions. Shoot competition was analysed by measuring the vertical distribution of the leaf area and root competition by analysing the absorption of tracers. Values of relative yield indicated that the two grasses fully competed for the same limiting resources under the experimental conditions. The competitive ability of F. pratensis was lower during both years relative to D. glomerata. This was mainly related to its consistently lower shoot competitive ability, which was associated with less leaf area in the upper layers of the canopy and shorter leaves. Root competitive ability of F. pratensis changed with season. It was similar to that of D. glomerata during spring and autumn, but less during summer. The lower root competitive ability in summer might be due to the lower root activity of F. pratensis, measured as rubidium (Rb) and strontium (Sr) absorption in July, 0·1 and 0·2 m below the ground. Cutting frequency did not greatly influence the relative importance of root and shoot competition during the first growing season. However, under infrequent defoliation, the competitive ability of F. pratensis decreased markedly in full competition during the second growing season. These results suggest that distinct differences in the canopy structure and root activity of different plant species can affect the relative importance of root and shoot competition during the season.


Aims: Leadership is the very factor playing a significant role in improving the efficiency of any organization. It is in fact the variable distinguishing a creative and innovative organization from other ones. The present study was an attempt to examine the management style in some selected military hospitals and its relationship with hospital performance indicators in 2011. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive–analytical study. Seven hospitals were selected using stratified sampling from among the military hospitals in Tehran, Iran. The leadership style questionnaire with Likert scale was used for data collection. Data analysis was done using Mann-Whitney test, Chi square, and Spearman correlation coefficients using SPSS 19. Results: Results showed that 56.1, 22.7, and 21.2 percent of senior managers' leadership styles were consultative, participative, and benevolent-authoritative respectively. There was no statistically significant relationship between leadership style and hospital performance indicators. Conclusion: The results showed that approximately 10 to 15 percent of hospital beds are not being used, and in order to increase the efficiency of a hospital, managers need to move towards participative leadership styles.


Juvenile bamboo shoots have been used as a source of food traditionally by people in bamboo growing regions from North East India to few parts of peninsular India. Studies on nutritional parameters and cultivation potential were conducted on six industrially important species viz. Bambusa bambos, Bambusa balcooa, Dendrocalamus strictus, Dendrocalamus asper, Dendrocalamus stocksii and Guadua angustifolia in two agroclimatic zones viz. tropical humid (Koppa) and semiarid(Hosakote) in peninsular India during 2012-14. Analysis of juvenile shoots collected from both the locations, revealed that macro and micronutrient composition of the same species grown at different locations varied significantly . The hydrogen cyanide (HCN) content also varied significantly between species in both locations with maximum variation in D.asper shoots. The effect of management practices on shoot emergence were studied through application of organic and inorganic inputs applied in eight combinations in 6 year old clumps of the six species established at IWST (Institute of Wood Science and Technology) field station at Gottipura, Hosakote, Karnataka, India for two consecutive years (2013 & 2014) during May-June. Around 18-20 new shoots emerged in D.stocksii as compared to 10-15 shoots in B. bambos and D. strictus and 8-10 shoots in D. asper grown under same conditions. The survival percentage of the emerged shoots varied from around 50-60% to 80-95% over the two years period of study . Appropriate choice of species for cultivation with necessary management techniques may help in increased awareness and acceptance of bamboo shoots. If properly utilized, this enormous untapped resource can help in meeting the increasing demand for food and nutrition especially in rural areas of peninsular India.


1.Publishing time Figure 1 shows the number of publications from 2011 to November 2021, for 71 models. Although this is not all the literature, the search results are sorted by relevance, and the data in the figure is still representative and reliable. The figure shows that from 2011 to 2015, the research progress of using intelligent models to predict remaining strength and remaining life was relatively stable. Although there was a sharp decline in 2016-2018, the overall trend was stable. After 2019, related research showed a spurt of growth. It can be inferred that the prediction of remaining strength and remaining life is still a research hot spot.


The inverted pendulum is a mechanical system with a rapidly oscillating pivot point. Using techniques similar in spirit to the methodology of effective field theories, we derive an effective Lagrangian that allows for the systematic computation of corrections to the so-called Kapitza equation. The derivation of the effective potential of the system requires non-trivial matching conditions, which need to be determined order by order in the power-counting of the problem. The convergence behavior of the series is investigated on the basis of high-order results obtained by this method.


Twist1 is a key transcription factor, which confers tumor cells with cancer stem cell (CSC)-like characteristics and
enhances epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in pathological conditions including tumor malignancy and
metastasis. This study aimed to evaluate the expression patterns and clinical significance of Twist1 in invasive duct
carcinoma of the breast. The cytoplasmic and nuclear expressions of Twist1 were examined in 70 tumor tissues by
immunohistochemistry. The association between expression patterns of this marker and clinicopathologic parameters
was analyzed separately. Twist1 was localized to the cytoplasm of tumor cells in (21.4%) of cases. It was localized to
the nucleus of tumor cells in (48.6%) of cases. Increased cytoplasmic expression of Twist1 was associated with smaller
tumor size (P = 0.011). Nuclear Twist1 was positively correlated with higher grade tumors (P = 0.002), lymph node
status (>3 lymph nodes) (P = 0.049), poor Nottingham prognostic index (p=0.043), ER and PR negativity (p=0.048 and
0.016 respectively), Molecular subtypes (p=0.038) and distant metastasis (p=0.001). Increased nuclear expression of
Twist1 had a critical role in worse prognosis in breast cancer. These findings suggest that nuclear, rather than
cytoplasmic expression of Twist1 can be considered as a prognostic and therapeutic marker for targeted therapy of
breast cancer patients.


To reduce the transmission of impact energy in a drop forge from the impacting die to the anvil while retaining the deformation efficiency, a double-pad oil film has been developed and tested. The present paper is focused on the behavior of the oil film under an impulsive load. From the experimental apparatus, the measured pressure distribution over the bottom pad area is compared with that of theoretical results for both small and large gaps. On the basis of the theoretical analysis of the effect of the bearing parameters on the deformation efficiency and emitted sound pressure, the present double-pad oil film bearing is optimized experimentally. From the recorded signals, it is shown that an optimum point does exist where the emitted sound pressure is minimum. Presented at the 40th Annual Meeting in Las Vegas, Nevada May 6–9, 1985


Here are a hot foil stamping multi-purpose machine and a hot foil adapter disclosed. According to one embodiment of the hot foil adapter on an injection-molded body, an opening formed in the cavity of the molding Metallheizplatte, a heating element, a temperature control system designed to maintain a metal heating plate, and a polycarbonate cover. According to a further embodiment, the hot foil multi-purpose embossing machine of the type of platform and-roller assembly, the platform provides a flat bed work surface and the roller is moved across it, which the insertion of the folder between the plastic mats, and inserting the mat between the rollers superfluous makes. According to another embodiment of the heating plates adapter is formed within a cavity on the platform of the stamping machine with electrical connection possibility.


Satisfactory single-parameter (σ+) and dual-parameter (according to Yukawa–Tsuno and Taft) correlations have been found between frequencies of the title bands (νCO) and substituent constants. It has been found that use of dimethyl sulphoxide instead of carbon tetrachloride as solvent does not lower the relative accuracy of the studied correlations. The integrated intensities of the νCO bands do not correlate with any type of substituent constants. The constants σ+, σ0, σI, , and of the anionic substituents NC—HC−, O−, CH3CON−, and CO2−, recently determined on the basis of cyano infrared frequencies and intensities, have proved satisfactorily reliable with respect to the νCO of acetophenones. The σ+ constants of m-CH2CO2− (−0.22 ± 0.08) and m-C6H5CON− (−0.66 ± 0.13) have been estimated on the basis of νCO data and νCO/σ+ correlations (solvent DMSO).


Wood/plastics polymer composites(WPC) are new type composites used widely.The classification and development history,constituents and properties,processing technology,present status and trend of domestic and foreign of WPC are summarized in the paper to facilitate to deepening application and further study of WPC.


Recently, counsellors in a variety of settings have begun to make use of a relatively new concept know as "peer facilitation" or "peer counselling." The authors identify some of the evaluation instruments being used in peer counselling programs in the school systems along with some essential aspects of evaluation. The need for evaluation and research is indicated.


Cohesion is the relationship among sentences in the text. The text is concidered text is cohesive, it is automatically coherence. There are two cohesive ties devises; grammatical and lexical cohesive devises. Grammatical cohesive ties devise are; reference, conjunction, ellipsis, and substitution, whereas lexical cohesive devises are; synonym, antonym, meronym, hyphonym, and repetition. This Study aims at investigating cohesive ties devices in the writing of the students in semester 3 of English Education Department. The method is qualitative research. The result shows that the students' writing were not arranged in good cohesion and coherence.


Development is described of a new process for the preparation from malonates of 5-methoxy-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid esters, useful intermediates in the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds. The ...


Average (and median) noninterest to interest income ratios across large US bank holding companies rise and collapse before the Tequila Crisis and the Global Financial Crisis, which could reflect the rise in fee income from structuring products that ultimately failed. The ratios are co-integrated with and Granger-caused by long-term US Treasury yields, suggesting declines in yields may stimulate sales of highly rated but risky structured products to investors searching for yield. Raising capital requirements as Basle III recommends may not ease the problem, but using Flannery's (2005) reverse convertible debentures, along with traditional deposit insurance, to maintain regulatory capital might.


This article suggests that, in a world emerging in and through mediation, branded sex bloggers and portals become (re)mediators of queer and feminist politics. It examines the websites of two porn production companies, Nofauxxx and Furry Girl, and analyses how they respond to older media forms, re-articulate long-standing debates about pornography in new mediated environments, and re-signify the pornographic object. Key in this process is the circulation of "authenticity," "real bodies," and "diversity" discourses. Through this circulation, sex blogger/brand portals mediate models of queer and feminist political engagement entrenched with notions of digital networks and free markets more generally.


The automotive industry cannot and does not want to resist the trend to use AI in production. Because there are good reasons: In addition to cost savings, potential for optimization in production has also been identified. Especially in the area of anomaly detection, AI can represent a decisive competitive advantage. To take advantage of AI in production planning, data consistency must be ensured. In this paper and poster we give an short insight into established procedures that realize data consistency between production and production planning by involving humans as a basis for further discussions.


The temperature dependence of threshold current of quantum well heterostructure (QWH) laser diodes is reduced by inserting (Si2)x(GaAs)1−x barriers in the active region. Alloy clustering of the (Si2)x(GaAs)1−x barriers, grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, leads to further QW carrier localization and an increase in T0 in the usual expression Jth=J0  exp(T/T0) for the threshold current. Values as high as T0=250–275 °C have been measured.


The starting alloy microstructure can be tailored to achieve varying degrees of grain refinement and enhance mechanical properties through severe plastic shear deformation during solid-phase processing. Crystal plasticity-based grain misorientation modeling, coupled with systematic pin-on-disk tribometry-based subsurface shear deformation experiments on as-cast Al-xSi alloys (x = 0, 1, 4 at %), was conducted. The post-deformation microstructural analysis, through a combined computational and experimental approach, conclusively shows that the initial volume fraction of the hard Si phase enhances the evolution of local lattice misorientation, leading to efficient grain refinement during severe plastic shear deformation. The shear-deformation–induced nanostructure resulted in more than double the nanoindentation hardness in the processed alloy.


I MUST begin my remarks by thanking you for having called me to J_ preside over this important section of the Sanitary Congress. Engineers and Architects have to take a very large share in carrying out the principles which are the object of this Association; and, I think, in nearly all sanitary developments we play a part, sometimes small, generally large. By making me your President to-day you have placed me in a position of some difliculty. I have to follow your President of last year, Sir Alexander Binnie, and as I have already taken his place in another position, and have been more or less connected with him in engineering matters for many years, his ideas and mine must be first cousins to each other. The


The recent surge of emerging-economy multinational enterprises (EMNEs) has prompted a debate on whether existing international business theory—particularly internalization theory—can accommodate this phenomenon. Our view is that no new, EMNE-centric theory is required to study EMNEs. Using historical evidence, we argue that "new†internalization theory is sufficient to address the complexity of EMNEs, and we illustrate our argument with examples of ten successful EMNEs from Asia and the Americas. We further argue that a business history lens can illuminate the behavior of developed-economy multinationals. We show how management scholars can advance their research agendas by engaging with business history and how business historians can use internalization theory to analyze the history of multinationals.


This article mainly discusses the applied process of Analytic Hierarchy Process with an example of purchasing of roller and proposes the idea of embedding Analytic Hierarchy Process into ERP software to enhance its function in supplier selection.


Objective To investigate the clinical application of nucleic acid purification mini spin column quantitating HCV-RNA of plasma samples.Methods Nucleic acid purification mini spin column extraction assay and phenol-chloroform extractio were applied to extracting HCV-RNA of plasma samples, and then real-time fluorescent quantitation polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) was adopted to detect plasma HCV-RNA in 117 patients with hepatitis C (with anti-HCV positive). The results were compared and analyzed.Results The positive rate of plasma HCV-RNA collected by phenol-chloroform extraction and by column extraction assay were 66.7% (78/117) and 79.5% (93/117) respectively. There was statistical difference in the positive rate of plasma HCV-RNA beteen the two methods (χ2=4.26,P0.05). By comparison, there was not significant difference statistically in the copies of plasma HCV-RNA between the two groups (u=1.61,P0.05).Conclusion Plasma HCV-RNA extration by nucleic acid purification mini spin column extraction assay for quantitively determination is simple, rapid, wield and efficient, suitable for clinical routine application.


The Work of Theology. By Stanley Hauerwas. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans Publishing, 2015. vii + 305 pp. $28.00 (paper).The latest offering from retired Duke professor Stanley Hauerwas, The Work of Theology, perhaps unintentionally verifies his conviction that "the work of theology is never done" (p. 265). With his characteristic melange of Aristotelianism, Wittgensteinianism, and (Alasdair) Maclntyreism, this is an apologia of Hauerwas's life's work, further expounding his thought while also responding to misunderstandings of it. The opening chapter's thesis, paradigmatic for the volume, is that Hauerwas views theological work as an "exercise in practical reason" (p. 4). This is signaled in the "how" fronting each chapter's title, which could otherwise convey that the book is something oi a do-it-yourself manual. Yet Hauerwas wants readers to grasp not only that theology so defined is indivisible from ethics, but that the good work of theology "attracts others to join you" (p. 9). In short, his apologia is not only defense but invitation.Even more than in Hauerwas's other works, the first-person singular pronoun dominates this book. While upon first glance this may suggest Hauerwas's thought is largely autobiographical, it is instead intended to uphold the Maclntyrean significance of "who people are" along with "how they understand themselves" (p. 14) when making claims about the good and true. Rather than generating a cul-de-sac of narcissistic subjectivity, Hauerwas anticipates that others will identify with elements of this "I" who is "trying to tell the story of how I learned to think theologically" (p. 20). Moreover, this approach is again designed to develop Hauerwas's claim of the inextricable relationship between politics and theology, so that doctrine is not concocted in the abstract but occasioned by the experiences of Christians in the world. Even writing a significant theological sentence is dependent on the latter, as Hauerwas explores in "How to Write a Theological Sentence." Hauerwas takes up Robert Jenson's sentence that "God is whoever raised Jesus from the dead, having before raised Israel from Egypt" to contend that theological sentences should render the "familiar strange" (p. 123). Here "whoever" questions readers' presuppositions that they "know who God is" prior to "how God makes himself known" (p. 134).Following Eugene Garver's For the Sake of Argument: Practical Reasoning, Character, and the Ethics of Belief, Hauerwas asserts that theology is "practical reason" and therefore inseparable from ethics. This central assertion is embodied in the book's movement from an emphasis on methodology to a consideration of its social and political ramifications. These later chapters on political theology, "rights," and remembering the poor are Hauerwas's rejoinder to the recurrent critique, particularly from Nicholas Healy, that his ecclesial focus compels him and his readers to disregard the world. …


International Headache Society published the International Classification of Headache Disorders 2nd Edition (ICHD‐II) in 2004. In response to this development, the "Clinical Practice Guideline for Chronic Headache" was compiled in Japan by the Study Group for Chronic Headache Clinical Practice Guideline Development. In 2006, the book entitled "The Clinical Practice Guideline for Chronic Headache (edited by Japanese Headache Society)" was published as the first edition. As triptans have become widely used, clinical practice for chronic headache has also been changed in Japan and there was a need to revise the first edition. Essentially based on the first edition, the new guideline has added the latest information and presented the concept of international standards of chronic headache care. This guideline included eight chapters and appendix: I. headache: general considerations, II. migraine, III. tension‐type headache, IV. trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, V. other primary headache disorders, VI. medication‐overuse headache, VII. headaches in children, and VIII. genetics. We have published the second version in Japanese in 2013, but 1 month after we published the original guideline, the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd Edition beta version (ICHD‐3beta) was published. We changed this guideline to the new version in English based on ICHD‐3beta. This guideline is the final product of the Committee's efforts in 2015, which was opened in the home page of the Japanese Headache Society. This manuscript was written to show the main part of this guideline as Recommendation of each CQ. Among 121 CQs, only five CQ was selected to present full sentences including not only Recommendation but also other parts.


For individuals who are undergoing orthopedic surgery for trauma or fracture, ligament reconstruction, hip arthroplasty and periacetabular osteotomy, or total knee arthroplasty who receive CAN, the evidence includes randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and nonrandomized comparative studies. Relevant outcomes are symptoms, morbid events, and functional outcomes. Overall, the literature supports a decrease in variability of alignment with CAN, particularly with respect to the number of outliers. Although some observational data have suggested that malalignment may increase the probability of early failure, recent RCTs with shortto mid-term follow-up have not shown improved clinical outcomes with CAN. Given the low short-term revision rates associated with conventional procedures and the inadequate power of the available studies to detect changes in function using CAN, studies are needed that assess health outcomes using CAN in a larger number of subjects with longer follow-up to permit greater certainty on the impact of this technology. The evidence is insufficient to determine the effects of the procedure on health outcomes. Background


The purpose of this study is to obtain public perceptions of early childhood education curriculum. The study used a case study approach with positivistic research paradigm and conducted from September to November 2014. Data analysis was performed using simple descriptive analysis in the form of a narrative. The results shows that the issue of curriculum and its implementation is not just the domain of curriculum developers, but also other aspects perceived as significant issues by the community. First, public perceives the importance of the rational of development, the cornerstone of development, strategy and procedure of development, structure and content of the curriculum, implementation strategies, and the existence of books and equipment in the context of curriculum design. Second, regarding the presence of the developed early childhood education curriculum, society strongly perceives that the document has been considering various aspects to the growing of interest for early childhood in practice of reading, writing, speaking, socializing/making friends, eating and drinking together, discipline, manners , faith, and playing activities, singing, marching, and exercise. Third, the implementation of the curriculum is perceived by society as an in need of harmonies cooperation among educational institutions, public, and educational supervisors in the region, especially in terms of teaching staff, procurement of books and equipment and other support resources.


We define the Narayana sequence {an}n≥0 as the one satisfying the linear recurrence relation an = an−1 + an−3 for n ≥ 3, with initial values a0 = 0 and a1 = a2 = 1. In this paper, we fully characterize the 3-adic valuation of an and use this to determine all Narayana numbers that are factorials.


PURPOSE: An array substrate for a liquid crystal display device and a method for fabricating the same are provided to reduce the signal delay by forming gate and data wires with low resistant materials, and reduce the contact resistance with ITO by forming a conductive pattern on drain electrodes and gate and data pads with the same material with a black matrix. CONSTITUTION: An array substrate for a liquid crystal display device includes a substrate, gate wires(121) respectively formed on the substrate with gate pads at an end, data wires(161) intersecting the gate wires for defining pixel areas and each having a data pad at an end, thin film transistors(T1) electrically connected to the gate and data wires and formed of gate electrodes, source electrodes and drain electrodes, a protecting film(170) covering the gate and data wires and the thin film transistors and having first to third contact holes exposing the drain electrodes and the gate and data pads, a black matrix formed on the protecting film on the thin film transistors and formed of an opaque conductive material, a first conductive pattern(181) covering the first contact holes(171) of the protecting film, pixel electrodes(191) formed on the pixel areas on the protecting film and formed of a transparent conductive material to be connected to the first conductive pattern, and auxiliary gate and data pads respectively connected to the gate and data pads via the second and third contact holes and formed of the same material with the pixel electrodes.


While the penumbra zone is traditionally assessed based on perfusion–diffusion mismatch, it can be assessed based on machine learning (ML) prediction of infarct growth. The purpose of this work was to develop and validate an ML method for the prediction of infarct growth distribution and volume, in cases of successful (SR) and unsuccessful recanalization (UR). Pre-treatment perfusion-weighted, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data, and final infarct lesions annotated from day-7 DWI from patients with middle cerebral artery occlusion were utilized to develop and validate two ML models for prediction of tissue fate. SR and UR models were developed from data in patients with modified treatment in cerebral infarction (mTICI) scores of 2b–3 and 0–2a, respectively. When compared to manual infarct annotation, ML-based infarct volume predictions resulted in an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.73 (95% CI = 0.31–0.91, p < 0.01) for UR, and an ICC of 0.87 (95% CI = 0.73–0.94, p < 0.001) for SR. Favorable outcomes for mismatch presence and absence in SR were 50% and 36%, respectively, while they were 61%, 56%, and 25%, respectively, for the low, intermediate, and high infarct growth groups. The presented method can offer novel and alternative insights into selecting patients for recanalization therapy and predicting functional outcome.


Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Korea play a pivotal role in the national economy. However, due to scale limitations, the resources available to SMEs for innovation activities are limited. Therefore, as a means to compensate for the market failure of SMEs, which can be caused by resource limitations, and to ensure sustainable growth, the government supports the SMEs for innovation activities. Korea has fulfilled SME R&D planning support projects since 2002 to efficiently support SMEs' technology commercialization activities through systematic support in the early stages of the technology commercialization cycle. In order to analyze the effectiveness of SME R&D planning support program, this study conducted latent growth modeling analysis using financial data of three years of SMEs participating in the program. According to the analysis results, SMEs receiving R&D planning support funds have an increase in sales compared to those that do not. In particular, it was analyzed that the sales increase effect of companies supported by R&D funds continuously appeared more clearly. The result of this analysis is that policy support for SMEs can help technological innovation activities necessary for R&D planning, which is an early stage of SME technological innovation. This study is meaningful in that it quantitatively analyzes using latent growth model and the contribution of government support at the R&D planning stage to SMEs' innovation capabilities and their contribution to performance. However, it has a limitation that it does not address the specific impact path of the planning stage support on innovation capacity and innovation performance.


The article deals with the theoretical and practical aspects of free economic zones within the customs territory of the Eurasian Economic Union.


The influence of the composition of the isothermal atmosphere at different heights in determining the air pressure using the barometric formula and developing barometric altimeters is considered


Garnets from Loufan district, Shanxi Province, are widely distributed through the layers——Luliang group metamorphic rocks, which formed from metamorphism of mudstone and sandstone. In order to find out the interrelations between garnet and the metamorphic conditions, EPMA and the mineral assemblage geothermometry are adopted. The results show that from the north to the south of the research area, the amounts of CaO and MnO in garnets decrease, while that of FeO and MgO increase. This regular variation is controlled by the metamorphic conditions, especially the pressure, which can be explained by different cation radiuses in the octahedral coordination site of garnet lattice under different pressure.


Silver (Ag) particle embedded granular activated carbon (GAC) was made for the first time to assess its ability in inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli), a water-borne bacterial pathogen. Ag-GAC was made by impregnating GAC with AgNO3 and then reducing it to metallic Ag. Plate assay showed slight inhibition of E. coli, even with Ag-GAC prepared from 0.005 mol L−1 AgNO3, but this and shake flask tests showed a conspicuous effect only for higher concentrations of 0.1–1 mol L−1 AgNO3. Flow tests further indicated that Ag-GAC made from 1.0 mol L−1 AgNO3 caused a desirable three orders of reduction in E. coli number concentration in less than 30 s. An optimum of 9–10.5 wt% of embedded Ag in the final Ag-GAC product was necessary for the requisite complete inhibition of E. coli, killing bacteria in the contact-mode for up to 350 L of flowing water. These results prove that Ag-GAC possesses antibacterial properties and can be used for disinfection to produce potable quality water. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry


The industrial sector plays a crucial role in the global economy by providing products to meet the ever-evolving societal needs. However, the relentless pursuit of quality and efficiency faces challenges, with one of the most significant obstacles being rework. Accordingly, this paper presents the development of a rework rate index in the industrial sector, using Mamdani-type fuzzy logic as the methodology, aiming to overcome the limitations of traditional approaches and capture the complexity and uncertainty of rework data. Seventeen indicators grouped into different categories were analyzed by assessing correlations to obtain the proposed index. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the Mamdani fuzzy logic approach in evaluating rework rates, offering comprehensive insights and clear categorizations. The analysis of correlations among indicators revealed intricate interdependencies influencing rework rates. The creation of the Rework Reduction Index signifies a significant advancement in quality and efficiency management within the industrial sector. The fuzzy approach provides a comprehensive means to address data uncertainty and subjectivity, enabling a precise and contextual evaluation of rework rates. The results have direct implications for informed decision-making, allowing companies to identify problematic areas, allocate resources efficiently, and monitor progress over time. Furthermore, the proposed approach has the potential to inspire similar practices in other companies, contributing to enhancing efficiency and quality in industrial processes Future studies could extend the application of the Rework Reduction Index to various industrial sectors and explore the relationship between index classifications and traditional performance metrics.


IT IS only in recent years that the criminal has been an object of particular study. The laws deal with crime, and the penal codes confine themselves to defining what acts are crimes and what penalties shall be provided. During the last forty years there has been a consistent effort, largely in America, to shift the emphasis from the crime to the criminal. Workers in this field have insisted upon making the chief end of punishment the reformation of the man. The practical movement goes steadily forward, and I think with increasing wisdom and vigor. A counter current has set in refusing to recognize crime as abhorrent because the criminal is held to be a fixed type, and his deed, therefore, to be practically automatic. There is no sentimentality about this view, although it sounds as if there were, and I shall show later that it is as lacking in pity as it seems to be lacking in any substantial basis of fact. Prison men agree that there are confirmed criminals, but they do not agree that repeated crimes prove any man to be under any compulsion to break the laws. The doctrine of the criminal type taught by Lombroso, and urged on by arm-chair theorists, in the name of what they call Eugenics, has no substantial following among practical workers. It is agreed that as a class criminals are neither so healthy, so intelligent, nor so moral as normal men. But there are more people out of prison than in of whom the same thing can be said. Let anyone visit the slums and make careful observation.


Classical adaptive algorithms for acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) are often based on error-driven optimization strategies, such as the mean-square error minimization. However, these approaches do not always satisfy the quality requirements demanded by users that avail of such audio signal processing systems. In order to meet subjective specifications, in this paper we put forward the idea of a user-driven approach to echo cancellation through the inclusion of an interactive evolutionary algorithm (IEA) in the optimization stage. As a consequence, performance of an AEC system can be adapted to any user preferences in a principled and systematic way, thus reflecting the desired subjective quality. Experiments in the context of AEC prove the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in enhancing the processed signal quality and show significant statistical advantages of the proposed framework with respect to classical approaches.


Rapid development during the past two decades has dramatically increased water demand in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, a country with limited potable water supplies. To meet this increased demand, both the government and private sectors have invested heavily in developing new and alternative sources of supply as well as forms of treatment. This article examines two processes - desalination of seawater and brackish water and reclamation of domestic wastewater- that are used extensively in Saudi Arabia to stretch its less-thanoptimal supplies. Some of the major reverse osmosis installations are described, in terms of source- and product-water characteristics, plant performance, and cost.


Climate change is likely to have a significant effect on the future of water management in the Pacific Northwest. Because many rivers in this region such as the Columbia River are operated as a system and involve many different owners and operators, regional coordination among the various entities is extremely important. This is particularly true on issues like climate change, where the effects may vary considerably in different parts of the region. In collaboration with the Bureau of Reclamation, Bonneville Power Administration, and other entities in the region, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Northwestern Division has recently initiated efforts to analyze the effects of climate change on water management activities in the Pacific Northwest using a regional approach. One of the major goals of this effort is to develop a common set of data, models, and tools that can be used by entities throughout the region to analyze climate change. If it is successful, this effort will reduce the possibility for duplication, overlap, and conflicting results on climate change activities undertaken by the various entities, while at the same time improving regional collaboration and coordination. This paper will describe a regional collaborative effort on climate change analysis in the Pacific Northwest that was initiated in 2008. It will provide some important lessons learned and other information for other organizations involved in water management who are considering similar efforts.


The photon-induced processes at the LHC provide clean experimental conditions due to absence of the proton remnants, which might produce complementary and interesting results for tests of the standard model and for searching of new physics. In the context of the littlest Higgs model with T-parity, we consider the photon-induced production of the mirror quarks at the LHC. The cross sections for various production channels are calculated and a simply phenomenological analysis is performed by assuming leptonic decays.


Objective: To investigate cortical thickness, white matter (WM) and resting state (RS) functional MRI (fMRI) alterations in asymptomatic and symptomatic dystonia (DYT) mutation carriers.
Background: Most of DYT genotypes follow an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern with reduced penetrance; the mechanisms underlying the disease development remain unclear.
Methods: This study included 9 asymptomatic mutation carriers (4 DYT1, 4 DYT6, 1 DYT10) and 26 symptomatic mutation carriers (7 DYT1, 7 DYT6, 9 DYT5, 1 DYT18, 1 DYT10, 1 DYT25). 37 matched healthy controls were studied. Subjects underwent 3D T1-weighted, diffusion tensor (DT) and RS fMRI to study cortical thickness, WM tracts and RS fMRI alterations.
Results: Compared to controls and asymptomatic carriers, symptomatic DYT mutation carriers showed cortical thinning of motor and frontal areas, bilaterally. Compared to controls, asymptomatic carriers showed increased mean (MD) and radial diffusivity (radD) and decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) of the main motor tracts, while symptomatic patients showed decreased FA in the WM close to the right premotor cortex and a more widespread increase of MD, axial diffusivity (axD), and radD involving the main motor and associative WM tracts. No DT MRI differences were observed between asymptomatic and symptomatic mutation carriers. Compared to controls, symptomatic carriers showed reduced functional connectivity of insula and basal ganglia, and asymptomatic carriers of the fronto-insular areas.
Conclusions: Brain network alterations in asymptomatic DYT mutation carriers support the hypothesis that these changes are causative rather than an effect of the disorder. An attractive hypothesis is also that the analysis of the DT MRI eigenvalues revealing a different pattern of abnormalities in symptomatic (increased axD and radD) and asymptomatic (increased radD, unchanged axD) mutation carriers may allow to gain insight into the possible determinants of penetrance. Whether different DYT mutations are associated with specific network changes remains to be tested in larger subject groups. Disclosure: Dr. Sarasso has nothing to disclose. Dr. Agosta has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec and EXCEMED– Excellence in Medical Education. Dr. Tomic has nothing to disclose. Dr. Basaia has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dragasevic has nothing to disclose. Dr. Svetel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Copetti has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kostic has received personal compensation for activities with Novartis, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Merck & Co., Inc., Lundbeck Research USA, Inc., GlaxoSmithKline, Hoffman-La Roche, Alkaloid, and
AbbVie as a speaker. Dr. Filippi has received personal compensation for activities for consulting services and/or speaking activities from Biogen Idec, Excemed, Novartis, and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries.


Urban regeneration aims to pursue an upgraded level of sustainability each time with a new experience creating a positive competition between nations, trying to differentiate their works with innovative technologies. The purpose is to develop areas to create sustainable, multi-functional, totally accessible public spaces characterized by two components: the green component (vegetation) and the grey one (built environment), which will become the main elements to achieve a new eco-oriented reticular redevelopment. The case study of Hudson Yards set an example of how sustainable technologies can be used to create a mixed-use real estate with office, residential and retail space, integrated with a central green public square. The new structure of urban context is itself becoming a new platform for sharing: the collection of data through IT tools such as GIS (Geographic Information System) allows to keep every aspect under control and to make it understandable to everyone.


In a profession that holds the power to create and modify the built environment, interior designers have an obligation and responsibility to meet the needs of the present without compromising the quality of life for future generations. A course offered in the fall semester of 2008, ID 630 Topics in Advanced Interior Design Theory: Sustainable Design and Interiors, was designed to help students develop greater awareness of the impact of the built environment on the natural environment and the potential of the design professions to promote a more ecologically and i ll ibl f t Th d di Figure 2. Results of Module 1 and 3 comparisons using Hatton and Smith's typology of Figure 1 Results from Hatton and Smith's typology of reflection (1995) 8 67 23


As a historical heritage of the traditional rural settlements and residential space,he ancient village is a kind of rural human landscapes with special morphology and cultural connotation. This paper,based on the perspectives of local residents and visitors,probes into the commercialization of the world heritage site "Hongcun village". In the light of the current insufficient commerciaizationl researches on ancient-village tourism,it conducts field investigations and analysis of features of tourism commercialization of the ancient Hongcun village.The paper aims at strengthening the understanding of tourism commercialization of ancient villages and providing realistic experiences about developing appropriately commercialization in ancient areas.


Analysed and compared the content of free amino acid,nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in bleeding sap of three kinds of fruit trees: walnut,grape and kiwifruit.The results indicated that there were 12 to16 kinds of free amino acid in bleeding sap of three kinds of fruit trees with different contents.In spring,the walnut has the hightest content of amino acid and the grape is the least.The bleeding sap of the kiwifruit has a high content of nitrate nitrogen 205.252 mg·L~(-1),the grape takes the second place,the walnut is the lowest,only 0.495 mg·L~(-1).The contents of ammonium nitrogen in bleeding sap of three kinds of fruit trees are all low.


Objective To explore the diagnostic value of color Doppler ultrasound for breast tuberculosis . Methods 70 cases were found breast tumor for various reasons .The direct method of scanning application of 7.5 ~10MHz high frequency color Doppler , simultaneous detection of axillary lymph node size and acoustic imaging . Results The ultrasonic diagnosis of 70 cases of breast mass with an accuracy of 97.14%,for diagnosis of tuberculo-sis of the breast,the accurate rate was 100.00%.Conclusion High frequency ultrasonography and color Doppler flow imaging in diagnosis of breast mass has high accuracy ,good effect ,it is one of the best method to check currently .

Key words:
Breast diseases; Ultrasonography,Doppler,color; Diagnosis,differential


Explaining how competing species coexist remains a challenge in ecology. A major hypothesis is that disturbance opens up the opportunity for types with different "life history" strategies to coexist, allowing types better at getting to and using recently disturbed patches to coexist with better competitor types. A simple model introduced several decades ago demonstrated this, but its focus on patch dynamics (i.e. the dynamics of the number of patches a species occupies) gives limited insight into how coexistence-enabling variation arises from within-patch demographic strategies. Here we present, and demonstrate how to analyze, a partial differential equation model that captures the emergence of larger-scale competitive dynamics from within-patch population dynamics of species competing for patches subject to disturbance. We analyze key cases of the model framework, with competition acting in turn on each aspect of within-patch demography included in the model: reproduction, offspring-survival, and adult-survival. Insights arising from these analyses include: 1) variation between species on a simple reproduction-adult-survival trade-off can enable disturbance-generated coexistence, 2) variation along trade-offs with species' robustness-to-competition can also generate coexistence 3) disturbance-generated coexistence may or may not involve classical "successional dynamics" within patches, and 4) coexistence is easier to generate at intermediate disturbance rates. Our work here provides new tools for more complete development of the theory of disturbance-generated coexistence.


— We present a platform that combines an approach to semantic extraction of medical information from clinical free-text documents with the processing of structured information from HIS records. The information extraction process uses a fine-grained linguistic analysis, and maps preprocessed terms to the concepts of domain-specific ontologies.


Solar power satellites to beam electric power down to Earth from orbit, or the Moon, is a concept that can potentially provide the world with clean energy. However, the technical, environmental, political, and legal challenges are great. The size and scope of the solar arrays needed by SPS are orders of magnitude beyond the scope of any solar arrays ever used in space missions. Assembly on-orbit is another major challenge. The cost to transport mass to geostationary Earth orbit would have to be reduced by a large factor to make this technology competitive. Furthermore, the need to invest substantial capital for many decades before any payback will make financing of such ventures difficult. After an initial burst of enthusiasm in the late 1970s, further development of space power concepts has been sporadic. The concepts do not appear to be affordable or practical. The alternative of beaming power from the Moon has the potential advantage that the solar arrays could possibly be fabricated on the Moon from indigenous resources. Nevertheless, lunar solar power concepts suffer from many of the difficulties associated with solar power satellites in geostationary Earth orbit.


PURPOSE: To obtain a result by the capacitative voltage contrast analysis method by obtaining a detection energy value that indicates a voltage at a specific test point of a chip to be tested that is subjected to passivation treatment by detecting the energy of a photoelectron and hence testing the chip that has been subjected to normal passivation treatment being currently manufactured by the photon induction photoelectron discharge method. CONSTITUTION: An operator first selects the material of an overlayer 6 and forms the overlayer 6 in a chip 1 to be tested. Then, the operator places the chips 1 to be tested to a placing means 2, so that it can be positively connoted to a circuit operation means 14. Then, the circuit operation means 14 is operated as a vacuum environment, and electron activity is induced in the chip 1 to be tested. A pulse drive light source means 9 is operated so that a photoelectron can be induced from an overlayer 5 at a specific test point 4', and a photoelectron energy is detected by an electron detector means 18. Thus testing a chip is enabled in which the passivation layer is formed by a dielectric material with a work function larger than the photon energy with the chip to be tested being subjected to passivation treatment. COPYRIGHT: (C)1991,JPO


This paper discusses the applicability of the decomposition principle to an LP (Linear Programming) problem. Through a case study on product mix problems in a chemical process of Korean Steel Chemical Co., Ltd., the decomposition algorithm, LP Simplex method and a modified method are compared and evaluated in computation time and number of iterations.


In order to determine and to reduce the differences between biochemical test method for the seed viability with T.T.C. (2, 3, 5. Triphenyl tetrazolium Chloride) reagent and germinator method, the topographical diagram of red colored formazan was carried out in 15-16 parts differences. From this resu...


Embodiment the present invention provides apparatus and a baseband processing system and method for a wireless communication system. Said apparatus comprising a first unit and a second unit to achieve various functions of baseband, a second unit for generating a downlink CoMP user precoding matrix, precoding control information generating precoding matrix, the control unit transmits information to the first pre-encoding ; a first means for receiving a second pre-encoding unit transmits control information, and control information based on the precoding downlink baseband combined to generate combined baseband data transmission for a wireless transmission for the downlink user data in the downlink CoMP user data; the first unit is further configured to send an uplink CoMP user data in the uplink user data to the second unit; and a second unit is further configured to transmit the uplink CoMP user data for the first baseband processing unit completes the uplink joint. Above technical solutions can reduce the transmission bandwidth between the baseband processing unit of the system capacity while obtaining the gain.


Pilot bus selection is a key parameter to the proper function of secondary voltage control strategies; this paper proposes a methodology for pilot bus selection using data mining algorithms K-means and DBSCAN. The data was generated by varying distribution network parameters and simulating the voltage profile using OpenDSS software. The methodology was implemented in IEEE 13 and 34 node test feeder standard distribution networks to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Anthocyanins and other flavonoids in autumn leaves of Acer palmatum were qualitatively and quantitatively surveyed. Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (chrysanthemin) was found in autumn leaves of Acer palmatum as a major pigment, together with a minor cyanidin glycoside. Six C-glycosylflavones were also isolated as other flavonoids and characterized as isoorientin, orientin, isovitexin, vitexin, and acylated isoorientin and orientin. The anthocyanin content increased with the progress of coloration of the leaves and decrease of chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. On the other hand, C-glycosylflavones gradually decreased. Thus, it was shown that the anthocyanins and C-glycosylflavones were independently synthesized to each other in autumn leaves, in spite of the same biosynthetic pathway, i.e., shikimate pathway.


The probability distribution of x-ray intensities of uranium minerals is altered by the presence of uranium atoms. These atoms affect the statistical tests that are used to distinguish centric from acentric structures. If the positions of the heavy atoms are known (from the Patterson map), distribution curves can be calculated for centric structures (Collin). Collin's method was applied to the group determination of the three uranium minerals: sklodowskite, jachimovite, and kasolite. (auth)


We propose the use of linear codes with low-density generator matrix in the context of quantum error correction. The proposed codes allow greater flexibiIity and are easier to design than existing sparse-graph quantum codes, while fead-ing to better performance.


The Effect of Comparison on the Perceived Similarity of Faces Paula C. Engelbrecht (email@example.com) School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO171BJ UK Abstract This study investigates the effect of comparison on the perceived similarity of unfamiliar faces. Participants were asked to compare pairs of faces, and to list either their commonalities or the differences between them before rating their similarity. The results of the first experiment show that listing commonalities and differences can both increase the perceived similarity of the compared faces. This pattern of results is interpreted in line with structural alignment theory which posits that the detection of commonalities is an essential component of both similarity and difference comparisons. The results of the second study show that the effect of comparison on perceptual similarity is limited by the perceptual attributes of the compared faces. Under conditions where the compared faces are highly similar and the detection of commonalities do not require any mental manipulation, comparison has little or no effect on perceived similarity. Keywords: perception. Comparison; structural alignment; face Introduction Comparison – the process of assessing commonalities and differences between two or more entities – is an integral aspect of human cognition. It plays a role in a wide variety of cognitive tasks including categorisation (Nosofsky, 1984), recognition memory (Shiffrin & Steyvers, 1997), problem solving (Ross, 1989) and decision making (Simonson, 1989). The current study investigates whether comparison also plays a role in visual cognition. Specifically, it addresses the question whether comparing visual stimuli affects the perceived similarity between them. Tentative support for this notion is provided by the finding that comparing two labelled images results in an increase in their perceived similarity (Boroditsky, 2007, experiment 1). However, because the images used were labelled exemplars of common categories (e.g. horse, goat) it is not clear whether comparison has affected their perceptual similarity, their conceptual similarity, or both. Stronger evidence in support of the notion that comparison affects perceptual similarity is provided by the finding that comparing similar-looking novel objects increases their perceived similarity (Boroditsky, 2007, experiment 4). However, the novel objects used in this experiment were again labelled (e.g. Chico and Groucho). It remains unclear whether the participants were only rating the perceived visual similarity of the stimuli or whether their similarity ratings were also affected by conceptual inferences about "Chicos" and "Grouchos" they may have drawn during the comparison process. The latter interpretation is supported by findings that comparison plays an important role in the acquisition of conceptual knowledge (Gentner, Loewenstein & Thompson, 2003; Gentner & Namy, 1999). In the current study unlabelled pairs of unfamiliar faces were used as stimuli to allow the effects of comparison on perception to be dissociated from its effects on conceptual knowledge. Face perception is a well studied phenomenon that is driven by the visual attributes of a face, as well as by a host of top-down influences. For example, the visual appearance of a face affects how well it is recognised (e.g. Bartlett, Hurry & Thorley, 1984; Light, Kayra-Stuart & Hollander, 1979; Valentine, 1991). Specifically, faces that are visually distinctive have been found to elicit fewer false positives when acting as distracters (Light Kayra-Stuart & Hollander, 1979; Valentine, 1991), to elicit more hits when acting as targets (Bartlett, Hurry & Thorley, 1984; Shepherd, Gibling & Ellis, 1991) and to be recognised faster (Valentine & Bruce, 1986a, 1986b). A well documented top-down influence on face perception is the availability of categorical information. A study using morphed images, which represented a continua of familiar famous faces, found that participants were better at discriminating between face pairs that straddle apparent category boundaries (i.e. where one comparison face is slightly more similar to famous face A; the other is slightly more similar to famous face B), than when both comparison faces are similar to the same famous face (Beale & Keil, 1995). More recently, categorical effects have also been observed for pre-experimentally unfamiliar faces, which were presented in conjunction with category labels (names) prior to the discrimination task (Levin & Beale, 2000; Kitukani, Roberson & Hanley, 2008). These findings illustrate that categorical effects in face perception can be induced quickly. There is evidence to suggest that comparison may also act as a top down influence on face perception. A study on face memory conducted by Mantyla (1997), found that focusing on differences between faces led to a greater number of "remember" responses (explicit recollection) than did focusing on similarities. Conversely, focusing on similarities among faces was associated with a greater number of "know" responses (familiarity). Mantyla (1997) interprets these findings in light of the distinctiveness hypothesis. According to the distinctiveness hypothesis remembering is facilitated by perceptual and conceptual processes that focus encoding on the distinctive attributes of the information being encoded. Processes that emphasize similarities, on the other hand, facilitate familiarity-based recognition (Mantyla, 1997). Despite the observed differences in recollection experience, participants who focused on differences between faces did not recognize more faces correctly than participants who focused on similarities (Mantyla, 1997).


Significance Silica, the most abundant mineral on Earth, is exploited in many technologies and naturally occurring geological and atmospheric processes. The physical and chemical interactions between silica and water are the fundamental driving forces for water purification systems, oil extraction, and coatings. Characterizing the silica/water interface is therefore important to improve existing technologies, in particular for silica coatings, which rely on wettability and thermal-resistant properties to remain effective. We investigated the silica/water interface using a mixture of macroscopic and microscopic techniques, including experimental and theoretical surface-specific sum frequency generation spectroscopy and contact angle measurements. Strikingly, we observed the presence of water molecules non–hydrogen bonded to the nominally hydrophilic silica surface. Interfaces between water and silicates are ubiquitous and relevant for, among others, geochemistry, atmospheric chemistry, and chromatography. The molecular-level details of water organization at silica surfaces are important for a fundamental understanding of this interface. While silica is hydrophilic, weakly hydrogen-bonded OH groups have been identified at the surface of silica, characterized by a high O-H stretch vibrational frequency. Here, through a combination of experimental and theoretical surface-selective vibrational spectroscopy, we demonstrate that these OH groups originate from very weakly hydrogen-bonded water molecules at the nominally hydrophilic silica interface. The properties of these OH groups are very similar to those typically observed at hydrophobic surfaces. Molecular dynamics simulations illustrate that these weakly hydrogen-bonded water OH groups are pointing with their hydrogen atom toward local hydrophobic sites consisting of oxygen bridges of the silica. An increased density of these molecular hydrophobic sites, evident from an increase in weakly hydrogen-bonded water OH groups, correlates with an increased macroscopic contact angle.


Within architectural education, students arrive fore-armed with; their life-experience; knowledge gained from subject-based learning; their brains and more specifically their imaginations. The learning-by-doing that they embark on in studio-based/project-based learning calls for supervision that allows the student to proactively undertake research and experimentation with design solution possibilities. The degree to which this supervision includes direction is subject to debate and differing opinion. It can be argued that if the student is to learn-by-doing, then design decision making within the design process needs to be instigated and owned by the student so that they have the ability to personally reflect on and evaluate those decisions. Within this premise lies the problem that the student's endeavours can become unstructured and unfocused as they work their way into a new and complex activity. A resultant weakness can be that the design activity is compartmented and not holistic or comprehensive, and therefore, the student's reflections are consequently impoverished in terms of providing a positive, informative feedback loop. The construct proffered in this paper is that a supportive 'armature' or 'Heuristic-Framework' can be developed that facilitates a holistic approach and reflective learning. The normal explorations of architectural design comprise: Analysing the site and context, reviewing building precedents, assimilating the briefing information. However, the student can still be compromised by 'not knowing what they need to know'. The long-serving triad 'Firmness, Commodity and Delight' provides a broad-brush framework of considerations to explore and integrate into good design. If this were further atomised in subdivision formed from the disparate aspects of architectural design that need to be considered within the design process, then the student could sieve through the facts more methodically and reflectively in terms of considering their interrelationship conflict and alliances. The words facts and sieve hold the acronym of the aspects that form the Heuristic-Framework: Function, Aesthetics, Context, Tectonics, Spatial, Servicing, Infrastructure, Environmental, Value and Ecological issues. The Heuristic could be used as a Hermeneutic Model with each aspect of design being focused on and considered in abstraction and then considered in its relation to other aspect and the design proposal as a whole. Importantly, the heuristic could be used as a method for gathering information and enhancing the design brief. The more poetic, mysterious, intuitive, unconscious processes should still be able to occur for the student. The Heuristic-Framework should not be seen as comprehensive prescriptive formulaic or inhibiting to the wide exploration of possibilities and solutions within the architectural design process.


School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, UNC Center for Maternal and Infant Health, Departments of Pediatrics and Pediatrics and Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA Correspondence to Arthur S. Aylsworth, MD, University of North Carolina CB# 7487 UNC Campus at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7487, USA Tel: +1 919 966 5756; fax: +1 919 966 3025; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Travelling is often a path to awareness. French travelers in Hungary between the two wars were penetrating another world which, however, was close to their hearts. The Ancient regime, for Pierre Delattre. The hope to meet a spirit hostile to all kinds of domination, for Pierre Chaillet. His own dreamt past for the young Nicolas de Rochefort. As far as Aurelien Sauvageot, Aldo Dami and even the journalists of the Action Francaise are concerned, Hungary was a sort of "almost perfect" distorting mirror.


Excerpt A careful review of the available literature fails to reveal a case similar to the one presented in this paper. Because of the exceeding rarity of hemangioendotheliosarcoma, and the unique ...


This note questions the common practice of ad hoc chart reading without formulating a sensible statistical model of the data beforehand and argues that the random walk model should not be overlooked when analyzing time series of crime data. This note has been prompted by the recent discussion in "Criminology in Europe" (2010) about a possible crime drop in Europe. What intrigued me was the great number and considerable diversity of explanations that were offered despite the time periods under study being rather short (e.g. 1967-2008, 1980-2008, 1989-2005). Is it really possible to make substantive claims about the development of crime ("crime trends") when the number of observations is so limited? The following remarks are not thought for criminologists who are familiar with econometric methods, but for mainstream criminologists who use charts as a tool to build an argument – like the scholars in the above discussion. In economic research, there is the well-known controversy whether stock market prices (and other economic variables) develop in a purely random fashion or whether there are discernible regularities and patterns that also can be predicted into the future. The idea was popularized by Malkiel's (1973) "A Random Walk Down Wall Street" and countered by Lo & MacKinlay's (1999) "A Non-Random Walk Down Wall Street". Of interest here is not the question of whether the development of stock market prices should be conceived as random or not, but why this controversy exists at all. For a casual observer, stock market prices very often appear to show clear systematic patterns like cycles and trends. This is true for criminological time series as well, as outlined in Figure 1. Figure 1. Nine time series, 1950–2008. 1. The Problem Figure 1 describes nine yearly time series. The time span is supposed to comprise the years between 1950 and 2008. The question is which of the subplots display "real" crime data (say, police recorded offences) and which ones are simply constructed by the author. The answer is: none! None of the subplots represent authentic crime data. All of them have been constructed, though one has to admit that they look pretty much like real crime data from Westerntype societies after World War II.


This paper investigates high-current and electrostatic discharge (ESD) phenomenon in pseudomorphic epitaxial-base silicon-germanium (SiGe) heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT). Transmission line pulse (TLP) and ESD human body model (HBM) wafer-level reliability testing, failure analysis and simulation of SiGe HBT devices is completed for high-current characterization and evaluation of the ESD robustness of a BiCMOS SiGe technology.


Competence, Competency, Capability, Capacity are few frequently referred terms during any discussion related to Talent, Performance, Potential of individuals. Even though these are quit common among the other functions, it is now noticed among HR professionals too. This papers discuss about the differences and uniqueness among the two terms viz., Competence and Capability.


Objective To find out the safe and optimal concentrations of magnesium ions for the growth of fibroblasts and osteoblasts,with the intention of using the data to control the degradation rate of medical magnesium implants.Methods Tendon and skull cells were isolated from adult New Zealand rabbits for primary culture.After subculture and identification,rabbit fibroblasts were prepared for culture in the medium containing magnesium ions at concentrations of 0,20,50,70,100,110,120,130,140 and 150 mmol/L respectively while rabbit osteoblasts in the medium containing magnesium ions at concentrations of 0,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100,110 and 120 mmol/L respectively.Growth of the 2 kinds of cells in different concentrations of magnesium ions was observed and compared.Results The fibroblasts grew well in a range of concentrations from 0 mmol/L to 110 mmol/L.The cell viability was the highest at the concentration of 70 rmnol/L and significantly higher than those at other concentrations (P < 0.05).The osteoblasts grew well in a range of concentrations from 0 mmol/L to 70 mmol/L.The cell viability was the highest at the concentration of 30 mmol/L and significantly higher than those at other concentrations (P <0.05).Conclusions For rabbit fibroblasts the safe range of concentrations of magnesium ions is from 0 mmol/L to 110 mmol/L and the optimal concentration 70 mmol/L.For rabbit osteoblasts the safe range of concentrations of magnesium ions is from 0 mmol/L to 70 mmol/L and the optimal concentration 30 mmol/L.These data provide evidence for better controlling the in vivo degradation rate of medical magnesium implants,for we can regulate the growth of osteoblasts and fibroblasts through regulating the concentrations of magnesium ions.

Key words:
Magnesium;  Fibroblasts;  Osteoblasts


b The distinction between entertainment and public affairs programming on television has served many purposes beyond simple business organization.! Some argue that "responsible citizens" use the mass media, including television, to inform themselves concerning public affairs.2 Entertainment programming, in contrast, has been viewed in other contexts. Observers have suggested that what appears to be a generic distinction between viewers' desires for entertainment and viewers' desires for becoming informed about public affairs may be less certain.3 It


For generally damped linear systems with repeated eigenvalues and defective eigenvectors, this study provides a decomposition method based on residue matrix, which is suitable for engineering applications. Based on this method, a hybrid approach is presented, incorporating the merits of the modal superposition method and the residue matrix decomposition method, which does not need to consider the defective characteristics of the eigenvectors corresponding to repeated eigenvalues. The method derived in this study has clear physical concepts and is easily to be understood and mastered by engineering designers. Furthermore, this study analyzes the applicability of step-by-step methods, including the Newmark beta and Runge-Kutta methods for dynamic response calculation of defective systems. Finally, the implementation procedure of the proposed hybrid approach is illustrated by analyzing numerical examples, and the correctness and the effectiveness of the formula are judged by comparing the results obtained from the different methods.


II. RECENT ADVANCES IN BORON-CONTAINING POLYMERS 8 A. Polymers Containing Boron Atoms in the Backbone or in Pendent Groups 8 i. p-Conjugated Organoboron Polymers Used in Optical and Sensing Applications 8 a. Formed by the Hydroboration Route 9 b. Formed by Other Synthetic Routes 11 ii. Boron Polymers Containing P, Si, or Organometallic Units 15 a. Boron Polymers Containing P Atoms 15 b. Silicon-Containing Boron Polymers 17 c. Boron Polymers Containing Organometallic Moieties 17 iii. Organoboron Polymers Used as Catalysts in Organic Transformations 22 a. Boron Ligands/Polymers Used in Olefin Polymerization Reactions 22 b. Organoboron Polymers Used in Other Organic Transformations 29 Ch001.qxd 4/25/07 5:19 PM Page 1


We address a recent paper 1 containing a claim that our calculation of the neutron scattering cross section from H2O and from D2O in the 40 keV range reported in Ref. 2 is incorrect. In the above work, 1 the authors studied molecular H2 using the neutron Compton scattering NCS technique at epithermal neutron energies 10‐200 eV. In their study some evidence was presented for the occurrence of an anomaly in which the n-p scattering cross section is reported to be lower than the normal value by 30%. This report followed a series of papers using several H-containing samples and claiming the observation of a similar shortfall in the n-p scattering intensity in all the samples studied. In the same paper, 1 reference was given to our recent publication 2


Background: The Body Mass Index also called the Quetelet Index is a measure (kg/m²) used as an indicator of the adequacy of weight for a certain height. The resulting value is interpreted as an indicator of different nutritional situations, both physiological (normal weight) and pathological (low weight, overweight and obesity). Objective: Evaluate the nutritional situation of the students of the "Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla" Elementary School of the Polyuc community of the Mayan municipality of Felipe Carrillo Puerto, Quintana Roo, Mexico, during the period from 6 de March de 2019 to 7 de December de 2020. Material and Methods: Descriptive cross–sectional epidemiological study with no directionality and prospective temporality. In the period from 6 de March de 2019 to 7 de December de 2020, 136 students from the "Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla" Elementary School were evaluated. The Mantel–Haenszel Chi–Square statistic (x²M–H) was used as a hypothesis test or test of statistical significance. Likewise, the Epi Info software for Windows, version 22.214.171.124, was used to obtain the values of both the x²M–H statistic and the probability (p). Results: Seventy–one (52.21%), 54 (39.71%), 9 (6.62%) and 2 (1.47%) students presented low weight, normal weight, overweight and obesity, respectively. Conclusion: It is concluded that the students of the "Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla" Elementary School have health problems with respect to their nutritional situation since 60.29% (82/136) have a pathological nutritional situation (low weight, overweight and obesity).


Objective:This article aims to address the need to rethink the classification of mental illness and to draw attention to the current use of quantum biology and its likely future use in understandin...


To further understand the role of the three conserved Val residues in insulin, B12Val, B18Val, and A3Val, five insulin mutants‐‐[A3Ser]insulin, [B12Thr]insulin, (desB30)[B12Ser]insulin, [B18Thr] insulin, and [B18Leu]insulin‐‐were obtained by means of site‐directed mutagenesis and their receptor‐binding activities as well as in vivo biological potencies were measured. The two B18 mutants, [B18Thr]insulin and [B18Leu]insulin, both retained relatively high receptor‐binding activities (70% and 30% of native porcine insulin, respectively) as well as relatively high in vivo biological potencies. The receptor‐binding activities of [B12Thr]insulin and (desB30)[B12Ser]insulin were 5.1% and 0.2%, respectively. However the in vivo biological potency of [B12Thr]insulin was still about 50% of native insulin, whereas that of (desB30)[B12Ser]insulin decreased drastically. The [A3Ser]insulin retained 1.4% of the receptor‐binding activity and low in vivo biological potency. These results, together with previous reports showed that when the three conserved Val residues were replaced by residues containing a β‐branched side‐chain, such as Thr or Ile, the insulin mutants retained higher biological activities than those mutants replaced by other residues. Here we propose that Val, Thr, and Ile are "isosteric residues" because they all contain a β‐branched side‐chain. This proposal may have perhaps general significance in protein design and protein engineering.


Abdominal aortic aneurysm commonly occurs in the elderly and the rupture is the most common and most dangerous complication.With regard to the published results randomized controlled trials comparing the endovascular treatment and open surgical treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysm,the endovascular treatment has been widely used and recognized due to its minor trauma and rapid recovery,less postoperative complications,and low mortality.With the completion of more randomized controlled trials,the results would become more accurate and reliable for the purpose of clinical guidance.


Three helicopter crews arrive at 3 Squadron HQ for pre-flight briefings. Based on the weather forecast the Formation Leader indicated the route would be around the coast to Wellington. Because morning civil twilight would be at 0633hrs, night vision goggles (NVG) would be worn.


Here is a mixed bag of ten programs, observations, recommendations, and wants that I have for things computing. It's heavily weighted toward Windows applications, but there should be something for everyone.


The office environment related to thermal comfort is essential in developing the workspace for high productivity, energy-saving, and global warming reduction. This paper deals with a comprehensive literature review on the thermal comfort for office buildings focusing on the state of arts of adaptive solutions, control methods, prospective of the workers, advanced technologies, and energy efficiency toward green office buildings. An analysis of research methods implemented during recent years was conducted to determine and assess the temperature comfort is explained. Indoor comfort environment, selection and requirements of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, and electrical lighting installation improvement are also discussed. The review concludes that the win-win situation between green office occupants' comfort and the adaptive energy-saving solution effectively increases productivity and energy efficiency, respectively. This review contributes a critical analysis of the gap for the existing solutions, control methods, and technologies and provides suggestions and recommendations that will hopefully strengthen the efforts towards the development of comfortable indoor temperature in the green office buildings for future applications.


In this paper design, fabrication and electromagnetic characterization of wide band dielectric absorbers based on carbon fibers and polyaniline powder have been presented. The fabricated absorbers have been characterized using free space measurement system (FSMS) in X band frequency region. A return loss maxima of 31 dB i.e. absorption of 99% at 10.25 GHz have been achieved with minimum 97.5% absorption throughout the `X' band frequency region. The proposed fabricated absorber has the density of 0.28 gm/cc and thickness of 2 mm, which appears a potential candidate for RF stealth technology.


Before selecting and implementing strategies to help people learn more effectively from experience, the educator needs to clarify assumptions and adopt a rationale.


Introduction. E. Villa Lobos (1887–1957) is a classic the 20th century music. For Ukrainian musicology, the piano legacy of E. Villa-Lobos is relevant in terms of substantiating the innovation of the composer's thinking in world creative practice at the beginning of the 20th century. In particular, the performers of the piano suite "Dolls" are faced with the problem of understanding the content of sonor-textural music. Оbjectives. To identify the distinctive features of E. Villa-Lobos' use of elements of the sonority,which are based on the synthesis with Brazilian folk melos (on the example of the analysis of the piano suite "Dolls"). The subject. The piano suite ("Dolls") (1918) as an example of the composer's early creative style, which embodies the principles of sonorism typical for impressionist aesthetics. Theoretical Background. The novelty of the artistic tasks set by E. Villa-Lobos to the performers of his music in the early period of his creative activity required the study of the fundamental works of Yu. Kholopov, V. Tsenova, V. Kholopova, in which the meaning of the concepts "sonority", "harmonic colouristics" and "texture". Analysis of recent publications on the topic. The master's work by A. Sotnikova (2010) raises questions on the formation of professional Brazilian music, the author focuses on the analysis of the piano composition of the composer. In her article V. Fedotova (2016) in the article examined the distinctive principles of the work of the Brazilian composer, in particular the specifics of his piano compositions. Results and Discussion. Music of the 20th century became a reflection of new artistic tasks that required adequate means of expression, and one of such means was sonoristics. It was this type of writing that E. Villa-Lobos addressed when writing the piano suite "Dolls" (1918). In the composer's writing of E. Villa-Lobos there is sonoristics, harmonic colouristics, developed texture, due to which nationally coloured sound images are created. This confirms not only the stylistic, but also the comparative-interpretative analysis of the suite. Conclusions. The piano suite "Dolls" embodies the innovative interpretation of the instrument in the early 20th century. The theoretical ideas about the colouristics functions of the chord in its interconnections with the piano texture, timbre, and metro rhythm are systematized. A functional analysis of the piano pieces by Villa-Lobos from the early "Dolls" suite combined the new European style and writing techniques (such as colouring, sonoristics) with the national Brazilian melos reflecting the true spirit and worldview of Brazilians.


Port cities as hubs for trade and exchange show the extremes of rapid growth and catastrophic decline: they show the complex and interconnected problems of change in urban systems, and the challenge of maintaining local 'sustainable wealth' and prosperity. This suggests a transition from a material-focused (mono-valent) local economic development to a prosperity-focused (multi-valent) local integrated development. This paper sets out a method and framework for working with such problems and responses: the 'synergistic' approach to mapping and design of complex systems. This helps to identify alternative development pathways, looking beyond a linear model, to a more synergistic model based on creative collaboration and shared intelligence. This mapping method for local integrated development is demonstrated with two contrasting examples from the UK: an urban regeneration case from Liverpool: and an urban public health programme from Glasgow.


Abstract : The report describes two studies of fractions of group B N. meningitidis. Spheroplast membranes (spheroplast envelopes) of strain 2091 of group B Neisseria meningitidis were prepared by a procedure that included lysozyme treatment of the cells and osmotic lysis of the resulting spheroplasts. The membrane preparation consisted of 62% protein, 28% lipid, 9% ribonucleic acid, small amounts of carbohydrate, hexosamine, and deoxyribonucleic acid. Succinate dehydrogenase and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidase activities were found to be associated with the spheroplast membranes. N-acetylneuraminic acid (NAN) - condensing enzyme and cytidine monophosphate-NAN synthesizing enzyme also were identified in this organism. For preparation of cytoplasmic membrane-enriched fractions, N. meningitidis group B cells were fractionated by the Schnaitman technique which consists of disrupting the bacteria with a French pressure cell and separating the fragments by sucrose gradient centrifugation. Three bands were isolated; the two lighter bands exhibited reddish brown color characteristics and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) activity. The heavier white band contained predominately cell wall material and consisted of one to five layers. (Author)


For a supercritical branching process x = {xn ; n ≧ 0, x 0 = 1} with random environments, define when xn > 0; and = 1 when xn = 0. When x is assumed to satisfy the standard regularity assumptions, under the non-extinction hypothesis, is a strongly consistent and asymptotically unbiased estimator for the criticality parameter π and is asymptotically normal. A strongly consistent estimator, is also proposed for the associated variance, σ 2.