Evolution from wired to wireless communication systems has brought great advantages to healthcare services. Mobility support function for e-Health applications gives practitioners, medical centres, and hospitals new tools for managing patients' care, electronic records, and medical billing to ultimately enable patients to have a higher control of their own well being. E-Health and health care services are information based, hence better utilisation of information has the potential to make services more integrated, can enhance patient safety and accountability. These will have a positive impact and will increase patient's acceptance of the services. In order to make e-Health applications more integrated and acceptable for the users it is needed to improve their efficiency. All the above motivated us to research within area of wireless standards and their interconnectivity in order to provide efficient, reliable, and robust service and eliminate connectivity boundaries for e-Health applications. In this chapter, the focus is on the development and investigation of novel technologies which would allow efficient and reliable healthcare by utilising the latest wireless technologies.


The surface plasma waves (SPW) resonance is a sensitive function of the optical constants of metallic films and their surface conditions. Thus, the optical constants of metallic films and contamination layers on its surface could be determined precisely by using the SPW technique. In this paper, analysis and theoretical calculation of the SPW with traditional thin film optics are discussed. The Kretschmann arrangement is used to measure the SPW resonance reflectance. And with aid of an optimization method the optical constants are calculated. Some experimental results on Ag, Au, Cu, Al and surface layers, such as Ag2S, CuO2 and Al2O3 are given.


Selecting items from digital systems using full-body pointing gestures recently became popularized by mainstream devices such as the Wii and the Kinect. Although this kind of gesture has long been subject to research, we still do not know much about how to design pointing targets, which act as selection proxies, in order to make them easily learnable and quickly selectable for users. In this research note, we argue for the use of real-world objects as selection proxies and show that using them allows significantly better performance in terms of selection time, accuracy and learnability over virtual pointing targets such as Virtual Shelves and Air Pointing.


Paper products show dimensional changes when subjected to moisture content modification. Hygroexpansivity was investigated in a commercial paper machine operating at 1256 m/min by a set of measurements on 75 g/m 2 reprographic bleached eucalyptus pulp paper samples. The present work shows hygroexpansivity development in different sections of the paper machine along the manufacturing direction. The measurement results demonstrate the effects of papermaking process operations on paper hygroexpansivity and lead to the confirmation of fiber orientation degree, drying restraint and shrinkage and paper tension as significant influencing factors. Structural, strength and elastic properties of paper were also measured as a function of machine direction position and presented for discussion purposes.


The classification accuracy of mangrove is always low due to the similarity of spectra between mangrove and water-vegetation mixed pixels. Greenness and wetness were extracted by K-T transformation based on Landsat5/TM imagery. The greenness and wetness can significantly improve the separability between mangrove and water-vegetation mixed pixels by comparison with NDVI, TM3/TM5,TM5/TM4, which always were employed by other researchers. The Kappa coefficient, commission error of mangrove class were 0.90, 7.9%, respectively, by using decision tree method.


In recent two years, serious slagging has been found in Unit 4 boiler of Shaoguan Power Plant, which is deemed to be caused by the irrationality in the structure of double volute type turbulent burners, disposition of secondary air piping and dampers, layout of refractory belt, air distribution, etc. Suggestions for modification of Unit 4 are presented.


The concentration and mass of nutrient elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, Zn) were examined in 110-year-old lichen woodland in the subarctic of eastern Canada. Biomass plus soil organic matter contained two-fifths (41%) of the total nutrient mass in the system. Calcium (85%), P (76%), Mg (67%), and K (64%) were largely in live biomass. Nitrogen was equally in biomass plus organic soil (45%) and mineral soil (55%). Micronutrients were mainly in the soil inorganic fraction. Nitrogen was acutely deficient for rapid growth. Potential loss of Ca under logging and burning regimes consistently exceeded exchangeable soil reserves. A realistic evaluation of these impacts was dependent on more complete knowledge of net atmospheric and soil inputs and vegetation requirements. Dominant tree, shrub, and lichen genera all differed strongly in the concentration of tissue elements. Among vascular species, total element concentration related inversely to species abundance. Since evergreen perennial plants of low n...


Further the through wall crack in an elbow of the Residual Heat Removal (RHR) system of Civaux 1 in 1998, a large investigation program has been completed on removed parts of pipes to better assess the factors responsible for thermal fatigue cracking in pipe components where hot and cold fluids mix together. This article presents the results of destructive investigations performed on numerous parts of the RHR system of EDF plants, on a nozzle of the primary system and on a nozzle of the secondary system and their contribution to understanding and assessing harmfulness of the phenomenon.The damage concerns only certain RHR mixing zones: the mixing tee at intersection between downstream the exchanger and the by-pass line and the mixing tee at location of intersection of two portions of minimum flow line. Deep cracks are always associated with high temperature differences and long times of operation. The deepest cracks are always located close to the welds, in areas showing geometrical singularities and minimal thickness. Crack networks in running parts concern only the very first millimeters of the inner wall.Other mixing zones have been investigated: destructive examinations of a charging line primary nozzle of the Chemical and Volume Control System (CVCS), of two tees between the main line and the minimum flow line of the RHR system and of one tee connecting the Feed Flow Control System (FFCS) to the Auxiliary Feedwater System (AFS) did not show any thermal fatigue crack.EDF has developed a method for identification of fluid mixing zones subject to thermal fatigue damage. This method is based on the assessment of a usage factor, using the knowledge acquired during a large R&D program. This program investigated the thermal loadings in mixing tees acquired through several thermohydraulic mockup tests and the austenitic steel behavior under high cycle thermo-mechanical loadings.The results of the destructive examinations have been used to strengthen the identification methodology of mixing zones potentially affected by thermal fatigue. Damage found in the destructive examinations are always correlated with usage factors a lot greater than 1.The methodology has been applied to all mixing zones of safety related circuits of plants operated by EDF. It has lead to identify the ones with a usage factor greater than unity and to an appropriate in-service inspection program based on volumic non-destructive examinations.


The excitation of the 1 + , 2 and 3 + modes in 16 O, 22 O, 24 O, 28 O, 40 Ca, 48 Ca, 52 Ca and 60 Ca nuclei is studied with self-consistent random phase approximation calculations. Finite-range interactions of Gogny type, containing also tensor-isospin terms, are used. We analyze the evolution of the magnetic resonances with the increasing number of neutrons, the relevance of collective effects, the need of a correct treatment of the continuum and the role of the tensor force.


Relates to a parking circuit breaker having the line feature, the invention relates to a parking circuit breaker having the line feature to be installed to a vertical arrangement that the ad is printed and held by the cross bar. Parking breaker drive unit having the line feature according to the present invention; An upper cross bar which is provided so as to be rotated by the driving control of the vehicle; The upper end pivotally mounted to the upper cross bar plurality of vertical panel with vertical state by its own weight; includes, at the top of the vertical panel is provided with a rotary shaft rotation axis, the rotation axis and the rotation axis, the respective bevel gears installed keyed, when the upper cross bar is established such that the rotation and the vertical panels rotate with respect to the rotation axis.


The present invention discloses a display terminal device and a frame generating method. The display frame generating method comprising: a case where the execution result of the synthesis operation determines the application framework layer drawing operation or a terminal device of each application of the terminal device currently running satisfies a predetermined condition, adjusting rendering implementation of each application and the application framework layer synthesis of implementation; each application to perform way draw the adjustment execution drawing operation to draw the image of each application; performing a composition operation synthesis implementation after application framework layer was adjusted to the image combining each application to a display frame. Display frame generating method and a terminal apparatus according to the present invention, it is possible to control the drawing of the application and implementation of each synthetic layer application framework implementation, since the drawing frame skipping in order to reduce implementation, implementation synthesis caused by unreasonable, effectively optimize the terminal the system frame rate of the display device, so as to effectively enhance the timeliness refresh the display terminal devices.


Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to understand current Design/methodology/approach - Since the availability of secondary data on Findings - The survey findings affirm that there are significant differences and diverse Practical implications - The paper is a very useful source of information that may provide relevant guidelines in guiding the future development of Originality/value - This paper provides fresh data and recent information on the actual


In this paper, we derived a semi-implicit hybrid method for solving special second order ordinary differential equations. The method is four-stage fifth-order with phase-lag or dispersion of order eight and dissipation or amplification of order seven. Modifications on the phase-lag and amplification error of order zero are infused to the method to improve the efficiency of the method. Hence resulting in a semi-implicit hybrid method with zero phase-lag and amplification error which is suitable for solving highly oscillatory problems over a very large interval.


Original Research Article Objective: To explore the therapeutic effects of Surya Namaskar on Attention, Emotional Maturity and Psychological Well-Being among medical students. Background: Sun salutation (Surya Namaskar) is a comprehensive Yoga technique which incorporates physical activity, breath regulation, relaxation and awareness. Apart from improving physical stamina and endurance, Surya Namaskar has been shown to influence an individual's perception and performance. Hence, the present study has been designed to measure the performance of medical students in a digit letter substitution task following the practice of Surya Namaskar compared to physical exercise. Methods: 250 medical students between the age group of 18 to 24 years, belonging to both genders were screened and 64 healthy volunteers were selected. This was the pre and post study and was conducted on 64 healthy volunteers .They were randomly allocated to 2 groups with 32 students each (Experimental group and Control group). Subjects were assessed at the beginning and end of 30 days of intervention (Surya Namaskar or Physical Exercise) using a Digit Letter Substitution Task. Results: After 30 days of practice, there was improvement in attention, emotional maturity and psychological well-being of the medical students. The value of t-test for attention, Emotional Maturity and Psychological Well-Being is significant at 0.01 level of confidence. The data were normally distributed and the baseline data across the groups were not statistically different (p>.05). The pre-post data within each group was analysed using a paired't'test. There was a significant increase in number of letters substituted per digits in both yoga (p<0.01) as well as control group (p<0.01).The difference between the groups was not statistically significant (p>.05). Conclusion: The result of the study shows significant effect of Surya Namaskar in improving the levels of Attention, Emotional Maturity and Psychological Well-Being, If Physical activity given regularly in a structured manner followed by supine rest.


Objective To study the effect of N-acetylcysteine on the stimulus-induced superoxide generation and the phosphorylation of human neutrophils in vitro.Methods We examine the effect of t N-acetylcysteine on sueproxide generation using the method of the reduction of cythrome.c.The stimulation of human neutrophils with N-acetylcysteine was induced by 3 stimuli,N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine(fMLP),phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(PMA) and arachidonic acid(AA).The level of serine/threonine phosphorylation of neutrophil proteins detected using western blotting.Results N-acetylcysteine inhibits superoxide generation induced by fMLP and PMA in a concentration-dependent manner,however,do not affect AA-induced superoxide generation.Furthermore,in parallel to the effect on the fMLP-and PMA-induced superoxide generation,N-acetylcysteine inhibits fMLP-and PMA-induced serine/threonine phosphorylation in a concentration-dependent manner.Conclusion The inhibitory effect of N-acetylcysteine on fMLP-and PMA-superoxide anion generation is dependent on PKC or upstream of PKC signaling pathway.


The hydrolytic stability of allylic (IA) and phenolic (IB) esters of novel bifunctional nonpsychotropic cannabinoids, homologs of (+)3S,4S-7-hydroxy-Δ6-tetrahydrocannabinol, is of practical importance due to their possible use as prodrugs. The influence of the bulk and nature of various acyl groups as well as of their position on the base catalyzed hydrolysis has been examined theoretically. Differences (ΔΔHf) between semiempirical heats of formation (ΔHf) of products and reactants were calculated for the formation of the tetrahedral intermediates (IIA, B) which constitutes the rate-determining step of the process. An analysis of the ΔΔHf values and of the calculated optimized lowest energy geometries indicates that formation of II and thus the hydrolysis is most favorable for the trifluoroacetyl and trimethylammoniumacetyl as compared to acetyl, glycyl, and dialkylaminoacetyl esters. The bulk of the acyl group in a series of glycinate esters, increasing in the order COCH2NH2 < COCH2NMe2 < COCH2NEt2 < COCH2N(iPr)2 stabilizes I proportionally, by hindering formation of II. By comparing series IA and IB, the formation of II appears to be generally favored for the phenolic esters compared to the allylic esters due to the release of a more significant steric strain. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC–LDPC) codes are introduced as a physical channel coding solution for data channels in 5G new radio (5G NR). Depending on the use case scenario, this standard proposes the usage of a wide variety of codes, which imposes the need for high encoder flexibility. LDPC codes from 5G NR have a convenient structure and can be efficiently encoded using forward substitution and without computationally intensive multiplications with dense matrices. However, the state-of-the-art solutions for encoder hardware implementation can be inefficient since many hardware processing units stay idle during the encoding process. This paper proposes a novel partially parallel architecture that can provide high hardware usage efficiency (HUE) while achieving encoder flexibility and support for all 5G NR codes. The proposed architecture includes a flexible circular shifting network, which is capable of shifting a single large bit vector or multiple smaller bit vectors depending on the code. The encoder architecture was built around the shifter in a way that multiple parity check matrix elements can be processed in parallel for short codes, thus providing almost the same level of parallelism as for long codes. The processing schedule was optimized for minimal encoding time using the genetic algorithm. The optimized encoder provided high throughputs, low latency, and up-to-date the best HUE.


Background & Aim: The term hepatitis applies to a wide group of clinical and pathological condition that is often caused by damage to the liver by various factors including viral infections. The present study aimed to assess the awareness of non-medical students about the viral hepatitis disease. Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 298 students of the two universities in Tehran were selected. The data collecting tool was a two-part questionnaire. The first part examined the student demographic information, and the second part consisted of 10 questions about of viral hepatitis. Questionnaires were distributed among the students and then the data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: Among the 298 respondents, there were 224 women with a mean age of 26 years. 155 people (52%) were students of medicine and biosciences and 143 (48%) were students of the humanities. There was a significant difference between the awareness of the correct answer and the fields of study. Therefore, the awareness level of paramedical and biological sciences students was higher than other disciplines. Conclusion: The mean level of awareness of respondents was 32.95%. The average level of awareness in students of paramedical and biological sciences (31.99%) was higher than the average level of awareness in students of humanities (16.06%). Albeit the entire study population was composed of the young and educated people, their awareness of viral hepatitis was low. It strongly reflects poor knowledge of society and especially our young people as a group at risk.


Porcine circovirus(PCV) has recently prevailed in the world and induced several clinical disease,such as post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome(PMWS) and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome(PDNS).It caused enormous economic loss of the world pig industry.For studing the valid control method.The paper summarized the recent research circumstances of its etiology,molecular biology and virus replication.


Retroreflective pavement markings enhance road safety by increasing visibility of roadway delineation for road users. In most countries, authorities responsible for road safety do not have performance intervention criteria and standards, and rely on fixed-time interval maintenance programs. This practice is undergoing change via the introduction of mobile retroreflectivity recording units. The focus of this study is to investigate the use of standard mobile retroreflectivity recording units and to analyse the observed retroreflectivity data to evaluate the state of pavement markings under investigation. The centreline pavement marking retrorefl/ectivity data collected by Queensland Department of Main Roads using the ECODYN mobile retroreflectivity recording unit are analysed to determine how the factors such as pavement surface type and traffic environment relate to retroreflectivity performance. It has been found that the mobile retroreflectivity recording unit with in-built processing capabilities can be implemented for identifying the requirements of maintenance programs, as well as to relate the observed retroreflectivity with other factors such as pavement surface type and traffic environment. The observed data indicated that there is a disparity between urban and rural roads of southeast Queensland in terms of centreline pavement marking retroreflectivity qualities. Asphalt surfaces, common in urban environments, were found to have average retroreflectivity over 200 mcd/m2/lux, whereas sprayed seal surfaces, common in rural environments, averaged below 170 mcd/m2/lux. About one-third of the roads used in the analysis fell below the generally accepted minimum threshold of 150 mcd/m2/lux at the time of observation.


Hairawa in the Journal made the statement that there is no easy method of calculating the length of a geodesic line on the surface of a spheroid and this is true. Nevertheless, it is the purpose here to attempt to devise a method and then to leave it to the reader to judge whether or not the amount of work involved justifies the method as an alternative to the correction methods of Andoyer and Lambert and to the work of Hairawa himself.


One of the main objectives of the Swedish Coal-Health-Environment Project is to assess the short and long term effects of the disposal of coal wastes on the environment. The situation described below has been the basis for the discussions, laboratory leaching tests and field studies carried out in the KHM Project. The results of the laboratory works are reported to the conference in a paper by Liem et al, while this paper discusses the water balance and construction measures. Certain trace elements in coal wastes are found in greater concentrations than in normal soils and rocks. As a result of the mineral alteration in the combustion process the mobility of some of the constituents may be higher in the waste than in the coal (or in sediments in general). On the other hand the alkaline properties of the waste reduce the mobility of many elements. Due to the continuous leaching out of buffering substances the pH of the leachate water will vary with time. The construction of trace elements in the leachate from a waste dump, exposed to acid rain, is governed by several factors. Beside the trace element composition and the leaching characteristic of the waste, the buffering capacity, the time and the water balance of the dump are judged to be the main controlling factors.


Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of open reduction and internal fixation of humeral supracondylar fractures in pediatric patients. Patients and methods: A retrospective descriptive study conducted from 2006 to 2016, including 24 patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation for the treatment of condylar fractures, adjusted by the closed method. The patients were clinically and radiographically evaluated according to the Gartland's classification. Data collection also included postoperative radiological assessment, range of motion, presence of postoperative complications, and satisfaction questionnaire with treatment received. Results: Patient's age: Mean 9.46 ± 2.07; Males : 15 (62.5%), Femeals: 9 (37.5%); Injured elbow: Left 17 (70.8%), Right 07 (29,2%); Injury/Sugery Interval (days): 2.2 ± 0.78; Gartland's classification: Type II: 6 (25%), Type III: 17 (70.8%), Type IV: 1 (4.2%); Foll-up Period (months): 44. 08 ± 5.78; Baumann angle: 16.12° ± 2.23°; Final loss of flexion: averaged 5.9°; loss of extension: 0.73°. The KW was removed was 4.2 months (range: 3 - months). Complications: KW Pierce through brachial artery (intra - Operatively) 1 (4.2%), Iatrogemic ulnar injury 1 (4.2%), Cubitus varus 1 (4.2%). Evaluation: Satisfactory 22 (91.7%), Unsatisfactory 02 (8.3%). Conclusions: Conservative treatment is recommended for Gartland type I and nondisplaced type II fractures. Open reduction with two or three pins is the preferred treatment option for most supracondylar fractures. The use of appropriate criteria is wise in managing these cracks; Prognosis in the event of complications or possible complications should be explained.


The study makes an associative analysis of some genetic polymorphic structures with health status in goats of the Carpathian breed. During the experimental observations, a quarter of goat population was affected by various diseases; the metabolic disorders were most common, followed by infectious diseases and the by parasitosis; the hereditary maladies ranks last. Among the individual groupings, constituted in relation to their belonging to the genotypes of biochemicalgenetic and immunogenetic systems, some differences were found concerning the resistance / receptivity to morbid phenomenon. Within the biochemical-genetic systems the HbAHbB haemoglobin heterozygotes, TfATfA tranferrin homozygotes, AlbBAlbB albumin and individuals with LK potassium phenotype are the most resistant to the action of pathogens, while the HbBHbB haemoglobin homozygotes, TfATfB transferrin heterozygtes, AlbAAlbA albumin homozygotes and individuals with HK potassium phenotype are most susceptible to various diseases. Immunogenetically, the healthy animals possess a richer dowry of blood group factors than the animals with different diseases due to contribution of erythrocyte factors Aa, Bf, Bi, Ca and Ma; only the blood factors Bb, Bc and Bd are slightly more common in ill animals than in the healthy ones. These associations can be used to achieve the genetic prophylaxis in farm animals.


Communications services that facilitate or encourage the forming and bridging of social groups serve an important human need. Such services, therefore, should offer high value. The problem for service planners, however, is to predict the value of these services before they are offered, and to ensure pricing that will actually achieve the desired group forming. In this paper we derive a new formula for evaluating the usefulness and value of communication services, called KK-law and compare it with Reed's law. The major finding is that the service penetration is of utmost importance for group forming. Moreover, it is almost impossible to design a group forming service; rather group forming emerges freely when certain conditions are met. Thus the only reasonable approach, both from society and service provider viewpoints, is to offer an inexpensive, highly available and easy to use platform for group forming services. 1 BACKGROUND AND HISTORY There has been a long evolution of group forming from rockart to email and SMS (Short Message Service). Because group forming is a primarily a social phenomenon rather than a technical matter, it is important to look at it from a social viewpoint. For this purpose we give a brief account of the history of communications by applying the concepts of bonding, bridging, and linking. Those readers that are merely interested in the mathematical formulation of group forming may directly proceed to chapter 2. Yet, the conclusions we draw in the end of paper are based both on the mathematical model and on the discussion about group forming as a fundamental human need. There are various approaches to evaluate the mechanisms of culture. Frank Webster [11] separates five elements in the society evolution: technology, economy, occupations, geography and culture. Obviously, our culture is deeply affected by the evolution of our mental capacity. However, there is a significant other side of cultural evolution because the ideas generated by the brain were first realized through hands and later on by means of technology. Historically, rock-art was a form and medium for information delivery before the invention of writing and all other amazing inventions in the area of communications. With its creative expressions, economical and social activities, ideas, beliefs and practices, rock-art are considered principal evidence of the earliest stages of human cultural history [3]. It reveals aspects of the imaginative and emotional life of man that no other available evidence of early civilization is able to do, and at the same time possesses all five elements of society evolution mentioned above. But what does rock-art have to do with group forming? Rock-art reveals the utmost importance of forming larger groups than family units in order to survive in an extreme environment. Group forming is, hence, a fundamental need for every one of us. OECD has defined the social capital as networks together with shared norms, values and understandings that facilitate co-operation within or among groups [4]. This definition is clearly based on the concept of group. We may even argue that the most fundamental expression of communication is not the transmission of information but the structuring of common understanding and experience within a society–something that rock-art distinctly represents. Group forming has always been a crucial part of social evolution: group selection rewards small collaborating coalitions, and radical changes in every society tend to happen behind the scenes carried by a small group [8]. Thus it is imperative for the whole society to recognize and comprehend the effects of group forming. Communications technologies can and do encourage group forming. To analyse the effects of communication technologies on group forming we can distinguish three types of social capital [7]: • bonding social capital is characterised by strong bonds, e.g., among family members, • bridging social capital is characterised by weaker but more cross-cutting ties, e.g., with business associates, or friends, and • linking social capital is characterised by connections between those within a hierarchy, where there are differing levels of power. While rock-art worked mainly in the area of bridging, the development of all later communication technologies is almost always started in the area of linking. Moreover, the technical aspect of transmitting information has been excessively stressed at the expense of other aspects like building social capital. Finally, the reason and first use of most communication technologies has been in military needs. We can easily find numerous examples that justify this model of three foundations of communication technologies. Optical telegraph is an extreme example in which military use was often the sole reason for building the network, and linking by providing faster transmission medium was the primary application of the technology. For instance, in Finland optical telegraph has been applied twice [5]. In the first occasion, in 1796, the major function of the optical telegraph was to speed up the transmission of official bulletins from Finland to Sweden. The last message transmitted by this telegraph line was the order that the inhabitants of Åland Islands should not deliver any supplies to the Russian army. Finland belonged to Sweden until 1809 when Finland became a part of the Russian empire. The second optical telegraph in Finland was built during the Crimean War of 1854-55 for the purpose of providing the fastest possible communications of enemy naval activities. When the war was over in 1856, the optical telegraph had served its purpose, and the equipment was dismantled and sold off. Obviously, there was no bonding or bridging type of use for optical telegraph. However, we may argue that optical telegraph has been the last significant communication technology that has been used solely for linking purposes. In contrast, all the later technologies are sooner or later adapted to bridging and bonding purposes. Telephone is a good example of technology that has a strong bonding effect as stated by Claude Fischer in [6, p. 262-3]: "..., Americans apparently used home telephones to widen and deepen existing social patterns rather than to alter them. ... As well as using it to make practical life easier, Americans–notably women–used the telephone to chat more with neighbors, friends, and relatives, ...". Another, even more illustrating case is the development of radio technology. As discussed in [2] the First World War accelerated the development of transmission via electromagnetic waves. It became very important that the different units could communicate with each other. Even ships and aircraft were equipped with transmitters and receivers when these devices became small enough. This application of radio technology belongs clearly to the linking category, while a large-scale bridging service did not emerge until 70 years later (radio amateurs have, of course, used radios for bridging, but without any public service). Although there are some obvious technical reasons for this amazingly long delay, particularly the requirement of advanced semiconductor technology for realizing small radio terminals, there obviously have been cultural reasons as well. Authorities have often preferred well-controlled linking services instead of free bridging services. Even now wide frequency bands are reserved for special linking purposes, while public frequency bands and the services offered through them are under heavy licence fees and taxation. Now when the Internet is the dominant platform for bridging services, it is important to remember that even its roots are in the military side, that is, in ARPANET. However, in addition to linking, a quite strong bridging motive was present during the development of the Internet (although the terms are used here in social context rather than in technical context, we would also argue that technically bridging is the essence of the Internet). This rare combination of military funding and bridging type of service might partly explain the special role that Internet nowadays has; it will be very difficult to imitate this development because the sponsors of the endeavour did not aim at creating a technology for bridging the whole world. Then there is one more technical invention that has greatly affected the social bridging in modern societies, that is, television. For instance, according to a Finnish social study [9] the time spent for watching TV increased from 27% to 35% of free time between 1988 and 2000 while the time spent for social life decreased from 23% to 17%. This trend has created a huge hole in the area of social bridging. It seems that the hole is particularly problematic in older age groups where the lack of effective bridging seems to be very difficult to compensate. In contrast, younger persons are much more active to seek and adopt new ways to satisfy the deep need of bridging with others. This phenomenon has also been found in social studies: If we classify people in groups based on how active they are in bridging type of social contacts, young people are six times more likely to belong to the most active group than older people [1]. As a summary, bridging, or in other words group forming, is a fundamental need for all members of any society. Therefore, it is important for the society to ensure that all applicable technical means for efficient bridging are available for all members of the society. Further, the importance of bridging also implies a significant business potential for service providers. However, both from society and form business viewpoint the availability of the group forming service is a highly critical matter. We are profoundly assessing this issue in the following two chapters. 2 DERIVATION OF KK-LAW Some theoretical formulas have been presented to model the behaviour of group forming. The most popular of these models is Reed's law


There are many 'Asymmetric Phenomena' in a language,and the structure' Numerals + Quantifiers meaning weight and measure + adjective' is one of them.We can use Mark Theory to explain this phenomenon: Unmarked terms refer to all levels of a relative quantity,and don't have to contain 'comparison' implication.At the same time,for 'Asymmetric Phenomena 'of a language,we can find some cognitive reasons: the Cognitive Outstanding nature,the Asymmetry in a category,and the 'Economical mind' in cognitive process.


In the near future, cloud providers will sell their users virtual machines with CPU, memory, network, and storage resources whose prices constantly change according to market-driven supply and dema...


In this work, the possibility to use new suggested carriers (D= Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Paracetamol, Tramal) is discussed for diclofenac drug (voltarine) by using quantum mechanics calculations. The calculation methods (PM3) and (DFT) have been used for determination the reaction path of (O-D) bond rupture energies. Different groups of drugs as a carrier for diclofenac prodrugs (in a vacuum) have been used; at their optimized geometries. The calculations included the geometrical structure and some of the physical properties, in addition to the toxicity, biological activity, and NLO properties of the prodrugs, investigated using HF method. The calculations were done by Gaussian 09 program. The comparison was made for total energies of reactants, activation energies, and transition states to final products. The suggested prodrugs aim to improve the diclofenac carrier's properties and obtain new alternatives for the approved carriers theoretically.


The reform in China's civil aviation industry has helped basically establish a new type civil aviation management system in accordance with socialist market economy two levels of governments and three-tier management.Under the new framework,China's civil aviation authorities no longer act as the owner of State-owned assets,but perform the task of industry management.It is a big challenge for China's civil aviation authorities to effectively oversee the market and enterprises' operations.The major task of China's civil aviation authorities should include full-fledged government service,effective overseeing of the industry,and guaranteeing production safety and market discipline.


The relationship between structure and performance of amino-sulfonate superplasticizer was introduced from the perspective of functional groups.Main synthesis processes of the amino-sulfonate superplasticizer were summarized.Meanwhile,some problems of the amino-sulfonate superplasticizer were analyzed,development trend of the amino-sulfonate superplasticizer was proposed.


A major goal of plant biotechnology is to improve existing cultivars and to develop new and elite cultivars. Different approaches for elimination of selectable marker genes have been developed over the last several years,and further improvements are now underway. These techniques are in the process of being applied to many useful crop species. It seems that concerns about uncontrolled spread of the transgene(s) in ecosystem will become irrelevant in the near future. Some of the new approaches remain speculative but in the time to come, it is expected that many new useful genes will be discovered, in this context, the focus would shift from frequency of transformation to the development of tailor-made transformation system.


I contend that the actual situation is overstated. Polling and survey data point to high levels of American religious belief and behavior. However, these numbers are of limited significance. They do not represent nuanced data. They do not capture social and historical contexts. Nor do they shed light on affiliation that is more cultural than religious and more an expression of compliance behavior than religious authenticity. Nor, as other scholars have pointed out, do statistics tell us what people really mean when they claim to be "religious," or how their religious beliefs and behaviors change over time. Having said this, I am not arguing here that America is postreligious, or post-Christian, or that religion no longer plays a formative role in individual lives or American culture. It does. The situation, however, may not be as wholly religious as is currently assumed.


Whereas social networking has become an essential part of computing today, pervasive computing is seen as a key component for future systems. However, these two paradigms are complementary in many respects -- the former responsible for communication and interaction between people, the latter focused on interaction with devices and services in the environment surrounding the user. By combining these two different paradigms in an integrated and seamless fashion one may provide users with the advantages of each plus the power obtained from using them together. Thus one might combine personalization, context awareness, learning, access to a wide range of devices and services, etc., with the management and operation of communities of users. This is the goal of the SOCIETIES project. By building on recent developments in pervasive systems and mobile computing, a new type of system that combines pervasive with social networking functionality -- Pervasive Social Networking (PSN) -- has been developed based on cloud and mobile technologies. Implementation of the basic system is complete and as part of the evaluation of the system it is currently being used by a group of students in a real user trial. This paper focuses on the student aspect and describes the requirements gathering exercises conducted with students. It then describes the architecture of the final system developed to meet the requirements. It ends with a brief outline of the final trial.


The utility model relates to a mobile phone with a hand-written input function of full screen, which is added with a touch screen in the small-sized display screen of a prior mobile phone, and a input control key which can conveniently and quickly display the input information of the touch screen on the display screen of the mobile phone is arranged on the keyboard of the mobile phone. The utility model solves the problem that the prior mobile phone with a small-sized display screen is difficult to operate when inputting a great deal of information, and adds the hand-written input function for the mobile phone with a small-sized display screen, thereby making the input of a great deal of information more simple and convenient, leading users quickly finish the hand-written input on the mobile phone with a small-sized display screen, and being satisfied with the user needs that the mobile phone is developed in the direction of miniaturization, datamation, personalization, and diversification.


Heparan sulfate has been isolated for the first time from the mosquito Anopheles stephensi, a known vector for Plasmodium parasites, the causative agents of malaria. Chondroitin sulfate, but not dermatan sulfate or hyaluronan, was also present in the mosquito. The glycosaminoglycans were isolated, from salivary glands and midguts of the mosquito in quantities sufficient for disaccharide microanalysis. Both of these organs are invaded at different stages of the Plasmodium life cycle. Mosquito heparan sulfate was found to contain the critical trisulfated disaccharide sequence, →4)β-d-GlcNS6S(1 → 4)-α-l-IdoA2S(1→, that is commonly found in human liver heparan sulfate, which serves as the receptor for apolipoprotein E and is also believed to be responsible for binding to the circumsporozoite protein found on the surface of the Plasmodium sporozoite. The heparan sulfate isolated from the whole mosquito binds to circumsporozoite protein, suggesting a role within the mosquito for infection and transmission of the Plasmodium parasite.


The way to select patients who will benefit from surgical resection of pulmonary metastases of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) remains unclear.


The objective of the present work is to monitor and control the physicochemical quality of the osmosis water that feeds the dairy industry in our case the Danone plant (DP) "Factory of Salé", for good production and use without no risk. The drilling water treatment and purification technique applied in the Danone plant is reverse osmosis. The approach of this membrane technique at a pressure gradient, allows obtaining good quality water for use in the various activities of the plant. During a 30-day period, we tested the pH, conductivity, alkalinity, hydrometric title, total alkalinity, chlorides content and chlorine content on water drawn from the borehole, the 1μ filter output, the treated output A and the treated water. The results of the experimental analyzes generally comply with the standards imposed within the plant, with the exception of a few days where cleaning of the membranes is necessary.


Cross‐kingdom communication via non‐coding RNAs is a recent discovery. Exogenous microRNAs (exog‐miRNAs) mainly enter the host via the diet. Generally considered unstable in the gastrointestinal tract, some exogenous RNAs may resist these conditions, especially if transported in extracellular vesicles. They could then reach the intestines and more probably exert a regulatory effect. We give an overview of recent discoveries concerning dietary miRNAs, possible ways of enhancing their resistance to food processing and gut conditions, their transport in extracellular vesicles (animal‐ and plant‐origin) and possible biological effects on recipient cells after ingestion. We critically focus on what we believe are the most relevant data for future pharmacological development of dietary miRNAs as therapeutic agents. Finally, we discuss the miRNA‐mediated cross‐kingdom regulation between diet, host and the gut microbiota. We conclude that, despite many obstacles and challenges, extracellular miRNAs are serious candidates to be targeted pharmacologically for development of new therapeutic agents.


ing the trace In order to reason about the trace, the system abstracts certain data from the recorded execution trace. This abstracted data, for example, consists of: • Unit Data: information regarding the units such as the current hit points, its status (i.e., whether it is idle or researching), its map location and other features. • Idle Data: the idle units and the cycle intervals for which they are idle. • Kill Data: the cycles at which a particular unit was attacked and killed. • Resource Data: for each of the entries in the trace, the corresponding resources that were available. For example, amount of food, gold, wood and oil. • Attack Data: the units that were involved in an attack. For example, the enemy units that are attacking and self units that were under attack. • Basic Behavior Failures Data: the reason for the behavior failure, e.g., whether it was a failure due to insufficient resources or not having a particular unit available to carry out the behavior or some other type of failure due to which a behavior failed. Detecting failures from abstracted trace Once an abstracted version of the trace is extracted, the adaptation system detects different failures that occur at run time and tries to fix them appropriately. Some examples of these failures are: a) Peasant Idle failure: The failure detects if the peasants have been idle for a certain number of cycles. If the peasant has been idle for sufficiently long, then he is not being utilized properly by the existing behavior set in the behavior library. A possible fix for this failure is to utilize the peasant to gather more resources or use the peasant to build a unit (like farm or barracks) that could be needed later on. Figure 4 shows how this fix is applied after detecting a peasant idle failure. b) Building Idle failure: The failure detects whether a particular building type has been free for certain number of cycles and there were sufficient resources during the idle time frame. A possible fix for this failure is to utilize the free building by using it for training a corresponding unit that the building is capable of training. For example, "barracks" can be used for developing "footmen" if sufficient resources are available. c) Basic Operator failures: these types of failures are results of the existing behaviors failing due to the "preconditions", "alive conditions" or "success conditions" not being met at run time. For example, the preconditions for a behavior for building a farm or barracks could fail due to unavailability of sufficient resources at that time or a peasant being unavailable to carry out the plan. These types of failures differ from the above two that they are based on direct failures caused due to conditions specified as part of the behavior itself. The other failures mentioned in a), b) and d) are based on detecting patterns of things from the execution trace. Basic Operator failures are fixed by adding a basic action that fixes the failed condition. For example, if the condition failed due to not enough resources available, a basic action is added to gather the corresponding resource. Similarly if there is no peasant available at the time to build a farm, then another basic action to train the peasant is added before the failed behavior. d) Peasant attacked enemy unit's idle failure: This failure detects whether enemy units were idle while a peasant or a building was under attack. One of the fixes for this failure type can be in the form of inserting a basic action that issues an attack command to the attacking units to attack. Figure 4: The figure shows adaptation to the "build base" behavior by inserting a Resourcegather (gold) basic operator. The adaptation is carried out in response to the failure "peasant idle" The adaptation system can be easily extended by writing other patterns of failure that could be detected from the abstracted trace and the appropriate fixes to the corresponding behaviors that need to be carried out in order to correct the failed situation. Once a behavior is fixed, the modified behavior is loaded in the behavior library. The new behavior consists of: 1) the same goal as the original failed behavior, 2) the game state for which the behavior was adapted, and 3) the adapted behavior.


A cross-sectional survey of clinical staff was carried out among statutory (public sector) substance misuse services and community mental health teams (CMHTs) in an inner London borough. We identified 368 current patients of drug and alcohol misuse services and 930 current patients of CMHTs. We measured the prevalence of co-morbid substance misuse and mental illness among these patients. We found strong evidence of co-morbid mental health problems in 128 substance misuse patients (34.8%) and evidence of possible co-morbidity in a further 18.5% of cases. Among mental health service patients, 227 (24%) were reported to have current substance misuse problems. Shared care of patients was uncommon and only a minority of co-morbid patients received treatment for both problems or the specialist assessment which key workers felt they needed. The findings suggest that co-morbidity is highly prevalent among mental health and substance misuse patients. Further research is needed to corroborate these findings, but th...


Political marketing is becoming increasingly important in Malaysia and widely used around
the world to ensure campaign effectiveness. The objective of this study was to investigate the
use of political marketing in 13th Malaysia General Election in Perlis. Specifically, this study focused on the issues, candidates and campaign strategy. This study aimed to identify the factors that can influence voting patterns during the electoral campaign and polling day. Out of the fifteen (15) State Legislative Assembly (DUN), six (6) areas were selected as a study location ranging from the white, gray and black areas. The phenomenological study was
applied to collect data followed by interviews with voters and candidates. This study
documented the elements of political marketing has been used throughout the campaign period in the last general election to 13 in Perlis


In the field of recommendation system research, a key challenge is how to effectively recommend items for new users, a problem generally known as cold-start recommendation. In order to alleviate cold-start problem, recently systems try to get the users' interests by progressively querying users' preference on predefined items. Constructing the query process via machine learning based techniques becomes an important direction to solve cold-start problem. In this paper, we propose a novel interview process learning algorithm. Different from previous approaches which focus on rate prediction, our model is able to handle wide ranges of loss functions and can be used in collaborative ranking task. Experimental results on three real world recommendation dataset demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms several baseline methods.


In this paper, five sets of multi-bolted joint shear tests are designed to study the effect of bolt middle distance on the bearing performance of multi-bolted joints, and analyze the failure modes of the specimens. The main conclusions are as follows: For M10 bolts (grade 8.8) and bamboo curtain plywood connections. When the spacing increases to 50mm, the ultimate bearing capacity of the nodes increases and tends to be stable; For the initial stiffness of the joint, the distance has no obvious effect on the initial stiffness of the joint. However, the increase in the number of bolts significantly increases the initial stiffness of the joint; For the nodal yield load, the yield load increases with the increase of the distance, and the yield load is 67%~73% of the ultimate bearing capacity; The main failure mode of the multiple-bolt joint double shear specimen is that the middle of the test piece first reaches its pin groove bearing strength and fails, and the failure modes of bamboo curtain plywood mainly include shear breakout failure and hole wall bearing failure.


Introduction In the United States, marijuana (Cannabis sativa, possibly also Cannabis indica and Cannabis afghanica) is classified by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) as a prohibited Schedule I drug ("no currently accepted medical use"). As a substitute for marijuana, the DEA approved dronabinol (Marinol®). Dronabinol is synthetic delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆-THC). It is formulated in a capsule, designed for oral administration. Because ∆-THC is the primary psychoactive ingredient in both Dronabinol and marijuana, the DEA considers Dronabinol equal to marijuana in effectiveness, for the treatment of nausea, vomiting, and anorexia. But Dronabinol and marijuana are not equal, according to many reports (Grinspoon & Bakalar 1997). Many patients report that marijuana has better therapeutic activity than Dronabinol, and that marijuana has less side effects than Dronabinol. Dronabinol often causes psychological "overdose" reactions, symptoms such as dysphoria, depersonalization, anxiety, panic reactions, and paranoia.


Physiological fruit drop in citrus is the deeper problem for fruit production and many researches have suggested that decreasing of carbohydrate translocation to fruit involved in fruit abscission. The fruit abscission process requires 3 stages for successful abscission, which include "induction", "decision", and "execution". However, there is almost no information in the molecular mechanism of secondary physiological fruit drop in citrus. Here, anatomical observation and microarray analysis demonstrated the candidate genes involved in the fruit abscission process after induction of fruit abscission by incubating the detached ponkan (Citrus reticulata Blanco) and hyuganatsu (C. tamurana hort. ex Tanaka) fruit on agar medium. In our study, the cumulative ratio of fruit abscission was very high in ponkan, but very low in hyuganatsu. Morphology of abscission zone (AZ) cells was drastically changed in ponkan, but almost not changed in hyuganatsu. From the 60 K microarray analysis at 0, 12, 24, or 36 h after the induction, the specific up-regulated genes in ponkan AZ tissue were identified. The expressions of many cell wall degrading related genes, such as beta-galactosidase, polygalacturonase and beta-glucosidase etc. increased rapidly at 24 h. These results indicated that "execution" stage of fruit abscission process would be initiated until 24 h after the induction of fruit abscission in citrus.


The way we interact with computers strongly influences how we use the technology. The traditional input methods such as using a keyboard or a computer mouse (Forlines et al, 2007) are still in dominance. Meanwhile, new methods have been explored and developed to provide more diversified or more intuitive user experiences. These include touch screen (Albinsson & Zhai, 2003), voice recognition (Krishnaraj et al, 2010) and brain wave detection (Li et al, 2010; Kaul, 2008). Inspired by the market success of Palm Pilot, and more recently Apple iPhone and iPad, touch screen based devices are becoming increasingly popular (Ostashewski & Reid, 2010) and are expanding their applications to many traditionally noncomputing intensive fields, such as health care (Astell et al, 2010; Clark et al, 2009), driving (Lenne et al, 2011) and education (Willis & Miertschin, 2004; Zurn & Frolik, 2004).


This paper proposes a fuzzy set theoretic procedure for evaluating the degree of safety of a design. One may apply the procedure to a component or system during preliminary design or during service life. The procedure is initiated by a safety engineering judge who devises a set of hierarchical rules or instructions which, if met, assure safe performance. A safety engineering jury then considers and renders a verdict regarding the truth of each rule and the truth of the conclusion that the component or system is safe.


There has been considerable interest lately in how subjectivity is constructed in the first two centuries of the Roman imperial era, with particular emphasis on the ways that the subject, inherently "split" in and by language, attempts to reconstitute its already always lost "wholeness" by reference to the master signifiers within its cultural matrix.1 This paper offers some suggestions as to how we can relate these issues to the encounter between the Statesman and the Self in Plutarch's Parallel Lives, by studying these narratives as an instance of the performance of the exercise known as the "technology of the self ". The increasing concern with technologies of the self during the era in which Plutarch writes has been delineated by Michel Foucault, most notably in the third volume of The History of Sexuality, entitled The Care of the Self, and in a number of articles and interviews dating from the final years of his life.2 The Parallel Lives, I shall argue, speak especially to the dialectic between the self and the other, or, to put it another way, to the tension between the individual's techne of self-fashioning and his ties to the wider community. The technology of the self is a complex phenomenon, but one of Foucault's more succinct definitions of it runs as follows:


The results of application of multi-agent technologies have already proved themselves in various types of logistics: procurement, transport, sales, production, warehousing, information. The analysis of decision support systems (DSS) did not allow to identify in the open sources of specialized DSS planning of fuel transportation. Therefore, problem-oriented systems used in logistics, such as AnyLogic, ARIS, Business Studio, G2, Magenta, BPsim, were considered as substitute products. From the point of view of the problem being solved, in their advantages and disadvantages were determined.


Two recent reports by the Mayo Clinic and UK groups showed that the combination of cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (CyBorD) grants a high rate of complete response (CR) and very good partial response (VGPR) in AL amyloidosis. In the two papers a total of 30 patients who received CyBorD upfront were reported, 63% of whom achieved CR. This combination has the further advantage of sparing stem cells, allowing second-line autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT).

In the present study we treated with frontline CyBorD 56 consecutive newly diagnosed patients with AL amyloidosis, diagnosed between 2010 and 2012, who were transplant candidates and refused the procedure frontline or had potentially reversible contraindications to ASCT. Main exclusion criteria from the present study were age ≥70 years, NT-proBNP >8500 ng/L, systolic blood pressure <100 mmHg, and glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <15 mL/min. The patients received weekly cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m2, bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2, and dexamethasone (40 mg). The dose of dexamethasone was reduced to 20 mg in 13 patients (23%) who were cardiac stage 3. Starting in September 2012, bortezomib was administered subcutaneously. Hematologic response was assessed every 2 cycles. Median age was 55 years. The kidney was involved in 41 patients (73%), the heart in 39 (70%), and the liver in 5 (9%). Cardiac stage was I in 17 patients (30%), II in 26 (46%), and III in 13 (33%). Five subjects (9%) had eGFR <30 mL/min. Eleven patients (20%) experienced severe adverse events, namely fluid retention and worsening heart failure (4, 7%), cytopenia (4, 7%), worsening renal failure (2, 4%), and deep venous thrombosis (1, 2%). Additionally, 4 patients (7%) died on treatment due to progressive cardiac amyloidosis, before the first evaluation of response. Overall, 63% of patients responded (95%CI: 49-75%). Best hematologic response by intent-to-treat, was CR in 16 patients (29%), VGPR in 8 (14%), and partial response (PR) in 11 (19%). All responders achieved at least PR by cycle 2, and best response was reached by cycle 6 in all cases. Cardiac response was achieved in 13/39 subjects (33%) and in 3/41 (7%) there was a renal response. So far, 10 patients, 6 non-responders, 3 attaining PR, and 1 in VGPR with progressing proteinuria were transplanted. Response data are available for 4 of these subjects, 3 of whom responded to ASCT (1 CR, 1 VGPR, 1 PR). With a median follow-up of living patients of 15 months, 11 patients (20%) died. Median survival was not reached and 78% of patients are projected to be alive at 1 year. The main baseline determinant of patients' outcome was cardiac stage, with 100% 1-year survival in stage I, and 70% in stage II and III patients.

This is the largest study on frontline CyBorD in AL amyloidosis reported so far. In this homogeneous patient population including low/intermediate-risk subjects with potentially reversible contraindication to ASCT, 43% of patients achieved CR/VGPR and cardiac dysfunction improved in one third of cases. Second-line ASCT was feasible in subjects with suboptimal responses. Though good, the response rate to CyBorD observed in the present study was lower than that reported in the 2 previously published studies, indicating that randomized clinical trials are needed to assess the efficacy of this combination in AL amyloidosis.

Disclosures: Off Label Use: Bortezomib in AL amyloidosis. Merlini: Millennium-Takeda: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria.


In this technical note, we study the consensus problem for discrete-time multi-agent systems over an undirected, fixed network communication graph, focusing on the robustness of consensus with respect to communication delay. We assume that the agents' input is subject to a constant albeit possibly unknown time delay, and is generated by a distributed dynamic output feedback control protocol. Drawing upon concepts and techniques from robust control, notably those concerning gain margin optimization and analytic interpolation, we derive explicit, closed-form conditions for general linear agents to achieve consensus. Our results display an explicit dependence of the consensus condition on the delay value as well as on the agent's unstable poles and non-minimum phase zeros, showing that delayed communication between agents will generally hinder consensus and impose restrictions on the network topology. We also show that a lower bound on the maximal delay allowable for consensus can be computed by a simple line search method.


Dimensionality reduction techniques are used to reduce the complexity for analysis of high dimensional data sets. The raw input data set may have large dimensions and it might consume time and lead to wrong predictions if unnecessary data attributes are been considered for analysis. So using dimensionality reduction techniques one can reduce the dimensions of input data towards accurate prediction with less cost. In this paper the different machine learning approaches used for dimensionality reductions such as PCA, SVD, LDA, Kernel Principal Component Analysis and Artificial Neural Network  have been studied.


Natural environment and religious beliefs are the main causes of production and formation of Tibetan traditional sports.Lifting stone,archery,wrestling,game yak,KURA chess,horse racing and other sports are the representation of traditional Tibetan sports.Each Tibetan traditional sport has a long history and is impacted by the era and events at varying degrees in its development process,and its vitality has spread so far.


In this paper the authors discuss optimizing the key point of the subframe. The objective of the paper is to optimize the current design of the Alternative SkidCar frame. It is an auxiliary device, which attaches to the chassis of the car and allows controlled variation of the adhesion force transmitted between the wheels and the ground. The current form of the frame is assembled only from the point of view of functionality. The frame is obviously designed to make production as simple as possible. At the same time, it is oversized in terms of material. Optimization consists of finding a key construction node, which is the weakest point of the frame structure, while minimizing the weight, using the finite element method. Subsequently, we used the finite element method simulation for another material and we evaluated the current form of mechanical stress in this node, achieving a minimized weight. A new software study of the proposed design was subsequently performed. Based on the conclusions of the paper, the weight of the Alternative SkidCar frame was significantly reduced while respecting the required load capacity. Because the frame of the Alternative SkidCar is attached to the car as an accessory, it is desirable that it influences the vehicle's behaviour minimally. The change was made by reducing the thickness of the material profile and changing the material used. Just reducing the weight of the frame – it is this change that has a significant positive effect on the behaviour of the car, complemented by the Alternative SkidCar system.


Abstract : The One Semi-Automated Forces (OneSAF) Objective System is the U.S. Army's next-generation, entity-level, simulation system planned to provide a comprehensive set of tools supporting computer-based simulation event setup, execution, and review. Postured as an open-architecture, open-source application, the OneSAF program will put this software into the hands of a vast number of developers throughout the Department of Defense with the intent of creating unprecedented participation across the modeling and simulation community to include multi-service, international, industry, and academia experts in the evolution of the OneSAF system. This article describes the factors that led OneSAF to an open source development methodology, the open source principles OneSAF is supporting, and the key processes and tools supporting the open source development.


THE phrase" Anxiety state" appears to be rapidly beeoming as notorious in this war ~s " Shell-shock" was in the last. I need not emphasize that neither term is a diagnosis. They are both labels for illnesses which we-that is the Medical Services of the Armyregard with distaste, annoyance, and suspicion, especially upon active service. We have no special desire to study them, and no special knowledge of how to treat them. We only know that they have a high nuisance value, that they increase the risks of wastage of man-power and impairment of morale, and that they make it harder for us, in numberless ways, to treat our honest-to-goodness medical and surgical cases and get on with the war. It is, therefore, just too bad that these illnesses should exist at all, but there it is,.and I cannot think that fixing labels to them and then showering abuse on the labels, will do much to abolish them. That reaction is a hangover from nursery days .. When we have made our last and funniest joke about" so-called shell-shock," and emptied all the vials of our scorn upon its hapless successor" anxiety," we have not really made any contribution to the problem of functional nervous disorder in war-time. On the contrary, we have merely adopted the infant's method of dealing with an unpleasant reality; the method of calling it bad names, shutting our eyes, and crying, "Go away, I hate you." We open our eyes-some of ussooner or later, and find to our dismay that there is the horrid bogy, as near and as real as ever. Now the difference between the" anxiety" label and the" shell-shock" label is just this, that whereas" shell-shock" never pretended to be anything but a label, the term "anxiety state" happens to have a very definite technical meaning in psychological medicine, and connotes a group of disorders with a well-established pa~hology, symptomatology, course, treatment, and outlook of their own. When we misapplied the label" she11shock" it was of no great importance because the term never had any scientific meaning, but when we speak of an "anxiety state" we are, or ought to be, committing ourselves to a diagnosis, whether we realize it or not. Shell~shock meant "It may be anything"; . anxiety state means " It is something." Hence in the one case a mistake was a pity, but in the other it is a medical tragedy. In these circumstances I thought that a short summary of modern views on the nature of anxiety states might be of interest to the Society. It will not help us much with the whole vast question of war neuroses, but it is at


The project is based on the proposed design of a Thematic Hostel with tourist facilities, in the Valdivia Commune in the Santa Elena Province, which obtained information about the needs of demand, competition and ways of promoting , thus establishing the guidelines of promoting tourism development in the community. One of the main strengths of this project is that this Thematic Hostel strategically located in the Valdivia commune, a place where there was a more dominant cultures of the country, now declared as cultural heritage, as opposed to competition in places neighbours, so another way for tourists to feed on the wealth of knowledge of this cultural heritage. On the "Ruta del So"l, also known as Spondylus Route, Thematic Hostel Venus would be the first to offer such services, which include not only accommodation and restaurant, but also programs of cultural visits alternating with adventure, which generates tourists will feel comfortable in the facilities, which in a short-term to become one of the most visited places on the coast of Ecuador.


The invention relates to a method for filling a tank of a ship with liquefied gas and / or for the removal of liquid from the tank heated in the liquefied and heated liquid is pumped into the ship tank. The invention also relates to a system for filling and / or emptying of a tank of a ship with LNG, with a tank (1) for the storage of LNG, the design pressure at least 5 bar g, preferably at least 10 bar g, wherein the tank ( 1) with an inlet (4) is provided for cryogenic liquefied gas and an outlet for discharge of the tank, wherein the inlet comprises means for heating of LNG.


The objective of study is to show the validity of the philological method to analyze and study a historical document discovered by me, the act of official constitution of Spanish Olympic Committee of 1912. The document characteristics are that it has an extension of a folio, is typed, written in French, untitled, or letterhead of origin and unsigned. To reach our objective and confirm that the philological method is adequate, we study its peculiarities and knew that any text of an important historical document, regardless of whether or not literary, its temporary location and its extent can be studied. To reach our objective and confirm that the philological method is the adequate, we study its peculiarities and knew that any text of an important historical document, regardless of whether or not literary, its temporary location and extent can be studied. Then, we develop the various stages following the classic steps (heuristic, hermeneutic and critical) and research techniques (description of document, translation, transcription, knowing the historical and linguistic environment of the document itself, and, evaluation and comment) to reach the global interpretation of the text; supporting us on other research and earlier studies. The result, finally, materialized in the presentation and defense of project end of Master Degree unpublished Descubrimiento, estudio y analisis del acta de constitucion oficial del Comite Olimpico Espanol de 1912, which subsequently was published as Acta de constitucion oficial y miembros del Comite Olimpico Espanol de 1912. The conclusions are that the philological method offers new fields for to work and explore, a field of research that could be framed within of the philology of sport.


In the last few years a growing attention on the preservation of languages has developed, thanks to initiatives of language planning, which imply inter alia the recognition of an idiom as a language at the political level. This view follows the dichotomy between those idioms that are official languages of institutions and those which h do not have such status, i.e. dialects. However, the difference between languages and dialects being socio-linguistic and not linguistic tout court, the efforts for preserving languages should not take the official status as a reference point. In addition, since it is very unlikely to give the same official status to a large number of languages, a different solution should be envisaged for non-official languages. Thus, they could be preserved through initiatives that can be named as dialect planning, the main purpose of which is not spreading a language in all domains but its preservation. Dialect planning is analysed in this study considering its five steps: (1) corpus planning that entails, first of all, language documentation; (2) status planning that implies some protections without entailing the recognition of the status of official language in the light of the linguistic rights; (3) prestige planning that counterbalances the 'weaker' status of dialects with respect to languages, by instilling in speakers the awareness that idioms are fundamental parts of cultures; (4) acquisition planning that identifies the strategies carried out for teaching a language; and (5) family language planning aimed at strengthening the family language transmission. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7220/2335-2027.4.1


Background:
 Adherence to evidence-based therapies has emerged as a critical challenge in translating discoveries to clinical care. In particular, nonadherence to secondary prevention medications reduces the potential to optimize patients' outcomes. We conducted serial qualitative research studies to define relevant domains, from patients' perspectives, associated with discontinuing cardiac medications (clopidogrel or cholesterol lowering therapy) and developed a brief tool to identify myocardial infarction (MI) patients' risk of discontinuing medications.

 Methods:
 Using the Health Belief Model (HBM) as a theoretical framework, an interdisciplinary team (nurse, psychologist, anthropologist, and cardiologist) analyzed more than 50 in-depth patient interviews. Themes that emerged within and across patient interviews were used to derive assessment items. The items underwent several cycles of refinement and resulted in the 11-item MedDQ. This was then included in a 26-center registry of >700 MI patients. Lastly, the MedDQ was evaluated as to feasibility of use with the healthcare system by 49 healthcare providers.

 Results:
 The HBM provided a good fit for the data and development of items that mapped to the four primary factors of the model (susceptibility, severity, barriers, and cues to action While psychometric analysis continues, the feasibility interviews with healthcare providers were very positive. They indicated that the tool was perceived to be an important mechanism for systematically discussing medication issues with patients, could be adapted for a range of clinical settings, and provided valuable information that the providers could use to identify specific intervention needs.

 Conclusions:
 Hundreds of pages of narrative data, rich with cardiac patient's perspectives of medication discontinuance were reduced to a parsimonious survey. Feasibility interviews with healthcare providers indicated that the MedDQ can be easily administered to cardiac patients and could serve as an important source of information to guide supportive interventions. This creates an extraordinary opportunity for secondary prevention for cardiac patients. Formal testing of the impact of the MedDQ on patients' adherence to medications is needed.


Purpose – In recent years, most emerging economies have experienced large foreign direct investment inflows to the real estate sector (FDIRE) and increases in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the effect of FDIRE on CO2 emissions in a set of emerging economies.Design/methodology/approach – Applying fixed‐effect and generalized method of moments (GMM) techniques, this paper uses related observations from 31 emerging economies between 2000 and 2008 to analyze the impacts of FDIRE on CO2 emissions.Findings – The empirical results show that FDIRE does not contribute to CO2 emissions. It is also found that energy consumption, urbanization and economic development are important determinants of CO2 emissions in emerging economies.Originality/value – While there has been a series of papers that investigated the relationship between aggregate FDI and CO2 emissions, very few empirical studies have examined the relation between sectoral FDI and CO2 emissions acro...


The control unit (50) of the processing condition parameter storage unit (51) is provided showing the correspondence relationship between the residence time of the residence time of the air pressure in CID collision cell (31) is calculated and used to collect data table (51a). In the table (51a), CID longer dwell higher pressure. Once the embodiments indicated MRM measurement mode, the control unit (50) at that time will be determined by the CID pressure dwell time, and in such a manner control the data collection unit (41), namely: during the dwell time, from the ion totalizer a detection signal (34) and obtains the integrated value. If the collision cell (31) of the high pressure CID, the velocity of the ions drop becomes significant increase in the ionic strength is made slow, but if the residence time becomes longer, the influence on the integrated value of the relatively slow rise reduce, increase accuracy Totalizer value. Accordingly, it is possible to improve the quantification accuracy.


The sunlight activated photocatalysts are urgently needed for the applications of photocatalytic techniques to environmental pollutants removal. Herein, we report the one-step hydrothermally prepared CdS/TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst that is active in the degradation of pollutant organic dyes under solar light. The morphology and components are confirmed by TEM, SEM and XRD. With methylene blue (MB) as the model pollutant organic dye, the photocatalytic activity of CdS/TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst under sunlight is demonstrated, and 80% MB is removed after 120 minutes sunlight illumination. Besides, the influences of pH, the amount of photocatalyst and the addition of H2O2 on photocatalytic activity for the degradation of MB are also investigated to mimic water treatment process.


The U.S. Bureau of the Census recently indicated that there are 31 million individuals who are living below the poverty line. Although many of these individuals are referred for family counseling services via schools, court systems, and social service agencies, theories have failed to provide an adequate framework for treatment. This article addresses the common principles of the multisystems approach and feminist family therapies and how they can be applied in providing family therapy to this unique population.


A photonic switching network for parallel multiprocessor cluster system using vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays is described. The parallel multiprocessor cluster system provides 64 server nodes interconnected by optical interconnection network with parallel optical links. There are 8 cluster subsystems in the system. Each subsystem includes 8 computers and an optical interconnect backplane of 8x8 crossbar optical interconnection network with VCSEL-based optoelectronic I/O interface. An optical data transmission rate between computers is 5Gb/s which is transmifted by the optical fiber ribbon-based parallel optical data links with 2 channels at data rate of 2.5Gb/s per channel. Every I/O interface between optical interconnection network with each computer includes 16 VCSEL emitter pixels, 16 PIN receiver pixels. VCSEL emitter pixels transformed electrical signals from PCI bus of computer into optical signals, where PIN receiver pixels transformed optical signals from optical interconnect network backplane into electrical signals. The whole optical interconnection network is composed of two level optical interconnect backplanes. A total of 64 computers propagating for data communication of 8 subsystems would be realized.


This paper presents a wide band CMOS RF power detector using 0.25 mum technology. It includes a CMOS power detector unit, a chopper modulator and a logarithmic amplifier. Chopper technique is applied to reduce the dc offset. The CMOS RF power detector achieves 45 dB dynamic range with bandwidth up to 6 GHz. The power consumption is 17 mW from 2.5 V power supply


D4.9 is the advancement of the activities described in D4.8. It contains the updates of the infographic, with a general analysis of the information collected, it contains the implementation details and description of two tools created for the ACTION project, and the contents of the workshop for pilots on data visualization.


Objective
To explore the effects of psychological intervention on military personnel's social support, coping styles and psychosomatic health and their relationships.

Methods
Military gymnastics were taken as intervention method in this study. A total of 812 military personnel were administered the Military Personnel Scene-Trait Coping Style Scale (MPSTCSS), the Military Personnel Social Support Scale and the Simplified version of Psychosomatic Health Questionnaire. The data was processed by using t-test, correlative analysis, stepwise linear regression analysis and path analysis in SPSS version 17.0 and Amos17.0.

Results
The scores of passive coping factor, subjective support factor score, physical symptoms and mental symptom in the experimental group were significantly lower than the those of control group(respectively, 74.91±20.46 vs 83.03±25.1, 2.02±3.14 vs 2.60±2.71, 5.58±6.00 vs 26.98±4.96, 3.91±4.80 vs 23.01±4.31, P≤0.05). The scores of active coping factor in the experimental group(133.66±23.30) were significantly higher than the those of the control group(130.07±24.88, P<0.05). Passive coping of the experimental group positively correlated with all single factors of social support and psychosomatic health(r=0.410~0.512, P<0.01). Active coping of experimental group negatively correlated with all single factors of social support and psychosomatic health(r=-0.300~-0.418, P<0.01). All single factors of social support positively correlated with psychosomatic health(r=0.349~0.561, P<0.01). Regression analysis showed that social support, passive coping and active coping were entered into the regressive function(P≤0.030), accounting for 37% of total variance. The influence of coping styles on psychosomatic health was enhanced by intervention of social support. A pathway model of social support as mediator of relationship between psychosomatic health and coping styles was established, the fitting indexes of which were as follows: χ2/df=1.799 (P=0.055), GFI=0.988, AGFI=0.965, CFI=0.996, RMSEA=0.044.

Conclusion
Military gymnastic could effectively improve the military personnel's capacity for coping, subjective support, and psychosomatic health. Social support and scene-trait coping style would exert significant effects on military personnel's psychosomatic health. Social support mediates the relationship between coping styles and psychosomatic health.

Key words:
Psychological intervention; Military personnel; Coping style; Social support


This paper presents the development of artificial neural network models for the prediction of the daily maximum hourly mean of surface ozone concentration for the next day at rural and urban locations in central Poland. The models were generated with six input variables: forecasted basic meteorological parameters and the maximum O3 concentration recorded on the previous day and number of the month. The training data set covered the period from April 2015 to September 2015. An analogous data set of input variables, for the 2014 year, not used during the process of training the networks, was used as test data to examine the quality of these models. From the results of simulations for the year 2014, the average relative error values were equal to 15.3% and 15.7% for Belsk and Warsaw stations, respectively. The mean error (ME) value indicates a tendency to overestimate the predicted values by 4.8 µg/m3 for Belsk station and to underestimate the predicted values by 0.9 µg/m3 for Warsaw station. The analysis of days when the relative error value was >50% revealed that all predictions with extremely high relative error value were associated with relatively low daily maximum surface ozone concentration values that occurred suddenly due to a sharp drop in day-to-day ozone concentration values.


In latest years, the Weibull distribution was a widely used, acceptable, and suggested distribution for expressing the wind speed frequency distribution in literatures. In this paper, the excel solver tool (EST) was used to improve the estimation of the Weibull distribution coefficients for the wind speed data used in the paper presented by Hosni Mokhtar, et al. [1], which studies the assessment of seven methods for calculating the Weibull distribution parameters for Al-Aziziyah city, Libya, with the results indicating that the Modified Maximum Likelihood Method (MML), Maximum Likelihood Method (MLM) and Empirical method of Justus (EMJ) are the most appropriate methods. Various goodness of fit tests at different heights at site are used to evaluate the applicability of these methods. A comparing of relative inaccuracy of power density estimate findings from earlier and current investigations is also carried out to illustrate the accuracy of employing a solver excel tool. The findings of this study show that using solver excel to estimate Weibull parameters is a viable option, and that it may be more suitable than other approaches. A most significant benefit of EST is that it does not need the formulation of complicated mathematical equations that require the use of difficult numerical techniques to solve. It's relatively simple to estimate the Weibull parameters if simply the wind speed distribution is known.


Intersection crossing represents a bottleneck for transportation systems and Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) may be the groundbreaking solution to the problem. This work proposes a novel framework, i.e, AVOID-PERIOD, where an Intersection Manager (IM) controls CAVs approaching an intersection in order to maximize intersection capacity while minimizing the CAVs' gas consumption. Contrary to most of the works in the literature, the CAVs' location uncertainty is accounted for and CAVs controls are re-optimized periodically, allowing for the optimization of system performance while creating safe trajectories. To improve scalability for high-traffic intersections, an event-triggering approach is also developed (AVOID-EVENT), which reaches a better trade-off among performance and computational and communication complexity. In a realistic simulation scenario, AVOID-EVENT reduces the number of re-optimizations required by 92.2%, while retaining most of the benefits introduced by AVOID-PERIOD.


In a standard experimental paradigm typically used in cognitive neuroscience, time is discretized into distinct events and the presented stimulus material is sampled from a low number of categories. While this approach allows conducting highly controlled experiments, its ecological validity is limited, as in real life the human brain has to operate on a continuous time scale and also has to process complex stimuli that typically cannot be assigned to a low-dimensional stimulus space. The encoding model approach has been introduced to address these issues by using highdimensional sets of stimulus features as a means to analyze neuroimaging data from complex and timecontinuous tasks. Recently, activations from deep neural networks (DNNs) were proposed to serve as features in the encoding model approach. However, it has been argued that such DNN-based features might be uninformative for human neuroimaging data, as the behavior of a trained DNN does not necessarily have to resemble human behavior on a given task. Here, we present preliminary evidence (N = 1) that DNN activations from the top network layer can predict human behavior with high fidelity in three different Atari 2600 arcade games based on a linear model. These findings clear the way for extending this type of analysis to neuroimaging data, testing whether DNN activations extracted from hidden layers explain variance in the fMRI signal of task-related brain regions.


This study includes some of the comments from a small piece of quantitative research conducted in a British Further Education College. It was designed to investigate young people's experience of a Dance and Movement Psychotherapy intervention in relation to their body awareness and their body image.


In this paper, the calculation of the Sommerfeld integral with Chebyshev decomposition is first discussed. After evaluation of the current distribution on the electromagnetic coupled microstrip antennas and the mutual coupling between dipoles among the microstrip array, the radiation characteristics of a five-element array is determined. The efficiency of the present calculation has been greatly improved because of the use of Chebyshev decomposition techniques. Finally, the effect of the tail fin of an airplane on the radiation characteristics of an airborne five-element microstrip array is calculated with the Uniform Theory of Geometrical Diffraction (UTD).


Acylation stimulating protein (ASP), a cleavage product of complement C3, is a potent stimulator of triacylglycerol synthesis in adipocytes. The three proteins necessary for ASP generation are complement C3, factor B and adipsin. In vivo studies have shown that there is an increased production of ASP in the micro-environment of adipose tissue after a meal and the level of ASP in the blood is substantially higher in obese individuals. Initial in vitro studies in our laboratory demonstrated that cultured differentiated adipocytes produce ASP and the postprandial component, chylomicrons (CHYLO), increased ASP production. Thus the present studies were undertaken firstly to identify the component of CHYLO responsible for the increase in ASP, and secondly to examine the CHYLO effects on the C3 (precursor), factor B and adipsin production. The results demonstrated that CHYLO stimulated ASP, C3, factor B and adipsin production in adipocytes. The stimulatory effects of CHYLO on ASP and C3 production were time- and concentration-dependant, with maximum levels at four to six hours of CHYLO stimulation. Transthyretin (TTR) was identified as a CHYLO component involved in the stimulatory effect. TTR and CHYLO transport retinyl ester/retinol, and it was determined that the TTR mediated retinoic acid transfer from CHYLO was involved in stimulating C3, factor B, and subsequently ASP, but not adipsin production. This CHYLO effect includes both de novo protein synthesis and secretion. While retinoic acid partly accounts for the stimulatory effect of CHYLO on C3, factor B and ASP production, we believe there are other factors that are relevant in regulating C3, factor B, adipsin, and ASP production. Taken together, these studies demonstrated that CHYLO is a novel physiological trigger that stimulates ASP production and the necessary proteins (C3, factor B, adipsin) required for ASP generation. This in turn can result in the direct stimulation of triacylglycerol storage in adipose tissue after a meal thereby enhancing the overall body fat stores. With the increase in obesity prevalence over the last decade, we believe that understanding the ASP pathway will allow us to better ascertain the physiological development of obesity and possible new drug targets in controlling it.


This digest provides a guide to improving student achievement in mathematics education and suggests resources for further study. It provides recommendations for the classroom and is a companion piece to llImproving Student Achievement in Mathematics, Part I: Research Findings." Recommendations include that students can learn both concepts and skills by solving problems, whole-class discussion following individual and group work improves student achievement, and using calculators in the learning of mathematics can result in increased achievement and improved student attitudes. A brief annotated bibliography and sections on "Finding Resources in the ERIC Database," and "Searching the Web for Additional Resources11 are also included. (Contains 13 references.) (MM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made fiom the original document. Literature-Based Mathematics in Elementary School


Let $G$ be a connected real reductive group with maximal compact subgroup $K$ of equal rank, and let $\mathscr M$ be the category of Harish-Chandra modules for $G$. We relate three differentely defined pairings between two finite length modules $X$ and $Y$ in $\mathscr M$ : the Euler-Poincar\'e pairing, the natural pairing between the Dirac indices of $X$ and $Y$, and the elliptic pairing. (The Dirac index is a virtual finite dimensional representation of $\widetilde K$, the spin double cover of $K$.) Analogy with the case of Hecke algebras and a formal (but not rigorous) computation lead us to conjecture that the first two pairings coincide. In the second part of the paper, we show that they are both computed as the indices of Fredholm pairs (defined here in an algebraic sense) of operators acting on the same spaces. We construct index functions $f_X$ for any finite length Harish-Chandra module $X$. These functions are very cuspidal in the sense of Labesse, and their orbital integrals on elliptic elements coincide with the character of $X$. From this we deduce that the Dirac index pairing coincide with the elliptic pairing. These results are the archimedean analog of results of Schneider-Stuhler for $p$-adic groups.


By analyzing a plenty of practical production data,suitable conditions for controlling the product methyl quantity during the production of formaldehyde are concluded to be super grade methyl as raw material.The propotion for O2 to CH3OH is 0.41~0.425,reaction temperature 635~645℃,temperature110~125℃,air flow rate 3000~4200Nm3/h,Furthermore,as less sulfide,chloride,ions water and dirt as possible,and the final water absorption in absorption tower is all favorable to produce lighter methyl formaldehyde.


An overview of southern African research that has investigated the impact of management practices that can potentially affect the long-term site productivity of plantations is presented, with an emphasis of these impacts on soil productivity and with the implications for multiple-rotation site productivity. Activities that are most likely to cause long-term changes in soil productivity are identified as those causing high site disturbance during the inter-rotation period, notably ground-based mechanised operations and harvest residue management (including complete biomass removal) and, under some conditions, fertilisation. The impacts of these practices on soil and stand productivity are discussed from a southern African perspective. Knowledge gaps are identified and it is suggested that the immediate research priority is to identify meaningful indicators that are sensitive to change and that can be linked to stand production. Other key research focus areas are proposed and the need for a permanent long-term monitoring network is highlighted.


This study analyzes the genesis of distance education functions within the contextual conversion of technological and educational paradigms. The genesis is based on the technological and educational environment consistency factors, therefore, it is analyzed as an integral technology and education symbiosis phenomenon. The study distinguishes between historical and educational distance education genesis paradigms, which are defined on the basis of distance education functions' interchange. Distance education genesis is described within nine stages and is expressed as a holistic model through objectives, approaches and functions genesis. On the basis of this model, distance learning genesis cycles and their components are identified. In accordance with modern teaching theories, distance education objectives and functions are substantiated in technological and educational paradigm interchange contexts, defining consensus and dichotomy of teaching / learning processes. KEY WORDS: distance education, the genesis of distance education, information technology, distance education genesis model. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/tbb.v76i1.1517


It is apparent that many school and educational authority leaders have learned much from history - particularly since the mid 1990s. But for many there is still much to be learned.


To the Netherlands' Antilles belong the islands of Curacao, Aruba, and Bonaire, near the coast of Venezuela, further among the Lesser Antilles Saba, St. Eustatius, and half of St. Martin (the other half is French territory). As far as I know, only twice a note has been published on the scale insects of these islands. Dr. C. J. J. van Hall, who was appointed in 1903 to Inspector of Agriculture in the Dutch West Indies, published a short bulletin on scale insects damaging orange trees in 1905. Dr. H. J. Veth wrote a short article on Rhynchota in the "Encyclopaedic van Nederlandsch West-Indie"


A study in maximum effort - captured yesterday by Cape Times photographer John van der Linde on the Golden Acre site in Adderley Street.