Driving in rain is very dangerous, and drivers seem not to drive properly whenever it rains. In such situations, the risk of driving increases on rainy days, especially after a prolonged dry period. This would be a problem for drivers steering on slippery roads. In this study, the effect of dry spells on road traffic accidents and resulting mortality in Rasht, Iran, located in the southern margin of the Caspian Sea, in a 3-yr period from 21 March 2014 to 19 March 2017 was examined using time series patterns. The results of the study showed that the first day after a dry spell had the greatest impact on road accidents and resulting injuries and deaths. It was also found that with increased length of a dry spell, the risk of accidents and related deaths and injuries rises.


In this communication we describe a fairly broad class of means (see [1], [2], [3]) for the heat conduction equation Lu — 0, L = -j• — Δ, u = u(x, t), (x, t) 6 Ω, where Ω is a domain in (n + l)-dimensional Euclidean space. Let a and r be positive numbers. An (n + l)-dimensional domain B$ defined by the inequality BT ~ { (Vi τ ) : I V I < α τ 1°8'— f * called an a-spheroid of radius r. A domain {(i/. τ): (ι/ — x, t — τ) 6 BJ} is called an α-spheroid β£(χ, f) of radius r with centre at (x, f). Let b > a > 0, λ > 1 , μ > 1 , let u = (x, f) be a continuous function on Ω, and let (x, f) be an interior point of Ω. Suppose that the radius r > 0 is so small that B°(i, t) c Ω. The integral


As we contend with human impacts on the biosphere, there is rightfully a great emphasis now on community adaptation and resilience to climate change. Recent innovations in information technologies and analyses are helping communities to become more resilient. However, not often discussed in this vein is a path toward digital resilience. If mapping and information tools are to help communities, it stands to reason that they must be resilient themselves, as well as the data that they are based on. In other words, digital tools can help make communities resilient by providing data, evidence-based advice on community decisions, etc., but the resilience of the tools themselves can also be an issue. Digital resilience means that to the greatest extent possible, data and tools should be freely accessible, interchangeable, operational, of high quality, and up-to-date so that they can help give rise to the resilience of communities or other entities using them. Given the speed at which humans are altering the biosphere, the usefulness and effectiveness of these technologies must keep pace. This article reviews and recommends three fundamental digital practices, particularly from the standpoint of geospatial data and for community resilience and policy-making. These are: (1) create and implement a culture that consistently shares not only data, but workflows and use cases with the data, especially within maps and geographic information systems or GIS; (2) use maps and other visuals to tell compelling stories that many different kinds of audiences will understand and remember; and (3) be more open to different kinds of partnerships to reduce project costs, yield better results, and foster public awareness and behavioral change.


The paper describes the structure and performance of the high temperature halogen tube. The hightemperature tube used in the work can operate in the range of--40 C--200 C. The plateau length is200V and slope 2% / 100V. The characteristic perameters are measured in the paper.


Phase transformations associated with spinoidal decompositions are reviewed. Such phenomena associated with inorganic glasses are considered for the case of amorphous binary systems of organic high polymers. The thermodynamic and experimental considerations are projected and sample systems selected and tested. Results are presented for poly 1, 4(2, 6 dimethylphenylene oxide) plus a copolymer of styrene and orthochlorostyrene and also for this plasticized binary system.


3710 Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been successfully used in the treatment of patients (pts) affected by liver metastases from colorectal cancer unsuitable for surgery. We evaluated the ...


The present invention boosts the hydrogen from the hydrogen storage vessel 60 (hydrogen source) in the compressor 2 was filled in the accumulator 31, the hydrogen released from the pressure accumulator 31 of the in-vehicle tank of the fuel cell vehicle (FCV) It relates to a hydrogen station and the hydrogen supply method for supplying the hydrogen fuel tank. In the hydrogen station 1, the hydrogen temperature in the accumulator 31, the temperature of the accumulator 31, or accumulator 31 outside air temperature surrounding the hydrogen release from the accumulator 2 when the predetermined temperature or less, higher than the predetermined temperature If compared to, by performing to suppress the hydrogen reduction or pressure drop in the accumulator 31, to prevent the accumulator temperature will be excessively reduced by the hydrogen supply to the hydrogen fuel tank.


With the NEA in jeopardy under President Donald Trump, nonprofit performing arts centers need to connect with potential donors now more than ever. Yet little research has been done into how venues should accomplish this. This project attempted to remedy that by analyzing what types of messages six nonprofit performing arts centers in the New York metropolitan area posted on Facebook and Twitter over a one-week period and which kinds of messages online audiences engaged with the most. Using the results, the study proposed seven recommendations public relations staff members can use to enhance their social media efforts and build strong relationships with patrons.


Circularly polarized light (CPL) has attracted much attention for broad applications in laser communication, holographic display, and optical measurement. However, traditional CPL detection devices are complicated systems, including polarized optical elements and photodetectors, and they are far away from the miniaturization and integration of devices.Herein, we provide novel circularly polarized light detectors achieved by the bio-assembly of chiral cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) on TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) to directly detect and recognize the CPL. The CPL-sensitive layers of CNC and light absorption arrays of TNTs with Au top-contact electrodes construct the CPL detectors. The cholesteric structure of CNCs can induce the different intensities of right-handed CPL (RCPL) and left-handed CPL (LCPL). And the different light intensities can be transferred to different photocurrent intensities by TNTs. The CNC/TNT CPL detectors can also generate differences in response time and recovery time of RCPL and LCPL, which means the CNC/TNT CPL detectors can separate the RCPL and LCPL at time sequence. We believe the design and fabrication of this novel CNC/TNT CPL detector take a step toward achieving highly integrated CPL detectors.


1. The role of the voltage‐dependent calcium channel (VDCC) beta‐subunit has been examined in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion neurones (DRGs). An antipeptide antibody was raised and this recognized proteins corresponding to beta‐subunits in a number of preparations. Immunoreactivity for the VDCC beta‐subunit in DRGs was concentrated on the internal side of the plasma membrane but was also present in the cytoplasm. 2. A twenty‐six‐mer antisense oligonucleotide with homology to all published VDCC beta‐subunit sequences was microinjected into individual cells, and maximal depletion of VDCC beta‐subunit immunoreactivity was observed after 108 h suggesting a half‐life for the turnover of the beta‐subunit greater than 50 h. No depletion was obtained with nonsense oligonucleotide. 3. The effect of depletion of VDCC beta‐subunit immunoreactivity on calcium channel currents in these cells was a reduction in amplitude of the maximum current of about 47%, and a shift in the voltage dependence of current activation of about +7 mV. These effects are the converse of those observed following co‐expression of cloned beta‐ with alpha 1‐subunits in oocytes and other expression systems. 4. The ability of the 1,4‐dihydropyridine (DHP) agonist Bay K 8644 to enhance calcium channel currents was greatly reduced following depletion of beta‐subunit immunoreactivity. This result is in agreement with the finding in several systems that co‐expression of the beta‐subunit with alpha 1‐subunits results in an increased number of DHP binding sites. 5. These results show that calcium channel beta‐subunits form part of native neuronal calcium channels and modify their biophysical and pharmacological properties.


The focus area of this paper is twofold: covering the theoretical background about cloud-based Business Intelligence, and the practical approach using the Jaspersoft environment. Also, by choosing the main application area, we emphasized the advantage of using such instruments as an educational tool, with the goal of giving the students an opportunity to discover data collections and explore analysis methods. After an overview of the Business Intelligence and Cloud Computing main concepts, we have pointed out the benefits of using BI in the Software as a Service (SaaS) philosophy, and we used the facilities of Jaspersoft BI software to model frequently used analysis requirements on several virtual firms


Ask pupils to think about how they would try to work out how many people there are in the school (adapt to a familiar place with lots of people if this isn't suitable for your setting). Going through the process of thinking about this will probably involve grouping the people in some way rather than thinking about each individual, e.g. there are __ teachers, there are __ children in each class,....


InP-based Separate Absorption Multiplication Avalanche Photodiodes (SAM APDs) are important components in optical communication receiver modules. They provide internal gain through carrier multiplication with relatively low excess noise, improving the system signal-to-noise ratio. Since the impact ionization process is dependent on temperature due to phonon scattering, multiplication and hence avalanche breakdown voltage, Vbd, of a SAM APD vary with temperature. The characterization of the temperature dependence of Vbd in InP is thus important in order to accurately predict device behaviour of InP-based SAM APDs.


Barrier coverage is an important technology in military surveillance applications. The goal of forming a sensing barrier is to detect intruders attempting to cross the network. In a randomly deployed network (e.g., from the artillery or the aircraft), barrier breaks can appear at random frequency and random positions. However, if the positions of the nodes can be presented in the context of probability distribution, useful regularities can be extracted. By using a developed Java-based simulator, an investigation on the influence of the deployment accuracy, sensing radius and network density on the frequency and the view of the barrier breaks is conducted. Two algorithms (with two different criterions) that differently chose the nodes to incorporate into the sensor barriers are proposed. The simulations quantify the density, the number of barrier breaks and the number of additionally needed mobile nodes in order for at least one barrier coverage to be provided. The results on the structure of the created barriers and breaks provide guidelines to the design of the barrier coverage in randomly deployed hybrid wireless sensor networks (WSNs).


Emotions are often expressed through the gut. There can be few of us who have not experienced the nausea of apprehension, the sinking feeling in our stomachs after a piece of particularly bad news or the frequent visits to the toilet at times of stress. These phenomena are so common that gastrointestinal imagery has become part of our language. We may talk about how we cannot swallow a particular idea, we do not have the stomach for it, we express our apprehension by butterflies in our stomach or we could even become 'shit' scared or be said to lack 'guts'. Some species have developed gastrointestinal responses as a form of defence. If you are unlucky enough to upset a llama or a fulmar it will vomit over you, and those who have tried to extract a migrant bird from a mist net will know that it is more aesthetic as well as safe to wear gloves. In his book King Solomon's Ring, Konrad Lorenz described how his two pet geese, on finding themselves in his study, became so scared that they evacuated their dark green twin-caecal contents all over his Persian carpet; the stain never came out. Thomas Almy is usually credited as the first to document scientifically the relationship between emotions and gastrointestinal function. His recordings of colonic motility during emotive interviews demonstrated that different emotions were associated with different motor responses; anger with an increase in contractile activity and depression or fear with a flattening of motor activity.' Since these different patterns of activity were thought to be associated with differences in bowel habit, they may explain the alternating bowel habit of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). These observations have been confirmed in a more controlled manner by using hypnosis to induce different emotional states.' It is not only the motor activity of the gut that is influenced by emotion. Observations made through gastric fistulas by Stuart Wolff on his patient 'Tom' and by William Beaumont on the fur trapper Alexis St. Martin demonstrated how anger could be associated with reddening of the stomach mucosa and an increase in acid secretion, while fear and anxiety were associated with pallor of the gastric mucosa, absence of acid secretion, and often a sensation of nausea. It was from observations like this that Thomas Almy coined the term 'the weeping gut'. He explained how we usually express our emotions by changes in the muscular activity of the face, vasodilatation lacrimation, and the timbre of our speech. These changes, many of which are associated with changes in the activity of the autonomic nervous system, serve as signals to alert other people of our emotional state. But the autonomic nervous system also exerts a powerful influence on zastrointestinal function. Thus it would be surprising if emotional states could not be expressed through changes in gut function, which make some patients think they have a serious gastrointestinal disease. It is well documented that patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders, who make up the majority of gastrointestinal referrals to primary care physicians or gastroenterologists, are frequently anxious or depressed and seem to suffer an abnormally high incidence of disturbing life events such as divorce, bereavement and abuse. Surprisingly, most people do not have a regular bowel habit. That was the astonishing conclusion of a questionnaire administered to 1987 people living in east BristolI3 a city with a seafaring tradition on the west coast of England. The study population were also asked to keep detailed records of three consecutive defaecations, noting stool form on a six-point scale from hard, . round lumps to mushy. Less than 50% of these Bristolians had a regular bowel habit. Stools at the constipated end of the scale were evacuated more frequently by women, particularly women of child-bearing age, than by men and one third of the women had less than one bowel action a day. The two most common determinants of bowel habit are food and mood, and studies that have examined both suggest that the latter may be more d ~ m i n a n t . ~ The eastern part of Bristol is an area of high unemployment and social unrest; would the life styles and bowel habits of people living there be different from say -people living 12 miles east in the gentile environment of Bath or even 20 miles south in rural Somerset? Psychological disturbance or distress is thought to influence functional bowel disease in three ways. First, stressful events may trigger changes in the function of the gastrointestinal tract and/or central nervous system that result in symptoms. Second, traumatic life events


In order to investigate the influence of exogenous human interferon (INF) application and the effect of human INF alpha 2b (HuINF-α2b) gene expression to physiological parameters of wild-type plants, treated by INF, as well as transgenic canola (Brassica napus) plants the fresh weight (FW), total soluble protein (TSP) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, photosynthetic pigment content, and membrane permeability were evaluated under normal and osmotic stress conditions. In transgenic and INF treated plants, SOD activity was higher by 16-33% and 13 % above controls (initial plants and wild-type plants treated by inactivated INF) in non-stressed growth. FW increased by 18-20 and 11 % in transgenic and wild-type plants treated by water INF solution (10 3 IU/mL), respectively. TSP content and leaf membrane permeability were not influenced neither transgenic nor exogenous INF. Chlorophyll a, Chl b, and carotenoid contents were stronger in INF plants. Under water deficit SOD activity and FW retained higher in plants with transgenic and exogenous INF, although the latter was decreased in all plants by 8-11 %. TSP content declined in control plants by 19 %, but it was not affected in INF treated and transgenic ones. Contents of Chl a, Chl b, and carotenoids were up to 1.83-, 1.77-, and 1.54-fold higher in transgenic lines compared with wild-type plants and similar to plants after exogenous INF application. Electrolyte leakage was stronger in the control plants. Exogenous and transgenic INF caused growth improvement in aseptic normal and water deficit conditions and it may be via SOD activity regulation.


According to senior engineering educational revolution trend in home and abroad and the assignment of the cultivation of the talent,combining with the feature of our local university and the demand of the cultivation of the talent,we propose that practical undergraduates' cultivation of the talent should focus on the "practicing" so as to serve the development of the local economy.According to the overall demand to the cultivation of the talent,we have researched and discussed the approaches and modes of the cultivation of the electric practical undergraduate.


Cullen et al [1][1] describe childhood antecedents of schizophrenia: such prospective studies are rare. Retrospective research suggests that as the number of adverse childhood experiences increases, so does the risk for health problems, including alcohol misuse, ischaemic heart disease, suicide


For a colour cluster $\C =(\mathcal{C}_1,\mathcal{C}_2, \mathcal{C}_3,\dots,\mathcal{C}_\ell)$, $\mathcal{C}_i$ is a colour class, and $|\mathcal{C}_i|=r_i \geq 1$, we investigate a simple connected graph structure $G^{\C}$, which represents a graphical embodiment of the colour cluster such that the chromatic number $\chi(G^{\C})= \ell,$ and the number of edges is a maximum, denoted $\varepsilon^+(G^{\C})$. We also extend the study by inducing new colour clusters recursively by blending the colours of all pairs of adjacent vertices. Recursion repeats until a maximal homogeneous blend between all $\ell$ colours is obtained. This is called total chromatic blending. Total chromatic blending models for example, total genetic, chemical, cultural or social orderliness integration.


Improved speed-estimation techniques for planning applications were developed and tested. Comparisons with field data and simulation results indicate that the recommended techniques provide better accuracy and consistency with the procedures contained in the 1994 update of the Highway Capacity Manual. These speed-estimation techniques will improve the accuracy of long-range transportation planning models for predicting travel time, delay, and air-pollutant emissions.


This methodological note focuses on the edge density of real world examples of networks. The edge density is a parameter of interest typically when putting up user studies in an effort to prove the robustness or superiority of a novel graph visualization technique. We survey many real world examples all being of equal interest in Information Visualization, and draw a list of conclusions on how to tune edge density when randomly generating graphs in order to build artificial though realistic examples.


Exploring various aspects of social work from an anthropological perspective, this original book uses an 'outsider' position to develop a reflexive dialogue with social workers from England and elsewhere in Europe. Bell, an anthropologist, worked alongside social work educators and social workers for many years. She widens our insights into social work by offering thought-provoking examples suggesting how social work practitioners view their occupation and their practice, and how wider society views them. Blending research and personal reflection to critically examine social workers' preoccupations and contributions to society, the author explores identities and definitions in social work, making this book refreshing reading for academics, researchers, students and practitioners.


Fe-N-C and Co-N-C materials are promising catalysts for reducing oxygen in fuel cells. The degradation of such catalysts induced by H2O2 was investigated by contacting them ex situ with various amounts of H2O2. The degradation increased with increasing amounts of H2O2. The effect was most severe for Cr-N-C followed by Fe-N-C and last by Co-N-C. Treatment with H2O2 leads to diminished oxygen reduction activity at high potential and/or reduced transport properties at high current density in fuel cell. From spectroscopic characterization, it was found that 66 and 80% of the CoNxCy and FeNxCy moieties present in pristine catalysts survived the extensive H2O2 treatment, respectively. In parallel, the activity for oxygen reduction was divided by ca 6–10 for Fe-N-C and by ca 3 for Co-N-C. The results suggest that the main degradation mechanism in fuel cell for such catalysts is due to a chemical reaction with H2O2 that is generated during operation. The super-proportional decrease of the oxygen reduction activity with loss of FeNxCy and CoNxCy moieties suggests either that only a small fraction of such moieties are initially located on the top surface, or that their turnover frequency for oxygen reduction was drastically reduced due to surface oxidation by H2O2. © The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 License (CC BY-NC-ND, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is not changed in any way and is properly cited. For permission for commercial reuse, please email: firstname.lastname@example.com. [DOI: 10.1149/2.1091506jes] All rights reserved.


Abstract The native parasitoid Eretmocerus mundus Mercet and the predator Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur are widely used to control Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in Mediterranean tomato greenhouses. An optimal biological control strategy for B. tabaci should take into account intraguild interactions between these natural enemies. In this study, predator's prey preferences and prey consumption were studied when offered different parasitoid and whitefly stages. The effect of the host plant on the adults of both natural enemies was also examined. M. pygmaeus preferred to consume B. tabaci over E. mundus when immature stages and adults of B. tabaci and E. mundus were offered. They consumed a larger amount of healthy B. tabaci nymphs and adults than of parasitised nymphs or E. mundus adults. The predator M. pygmaeus interfered with the reproduction of E. mundus females on cotton but not on tomato. However, B. tabaci nymphal mortality on tomato associated with parasitoid host feeding was also lower when the adult parasitoids coexisted with the predators. The joint release of M. pygmaeus and E. mundus adults did not increase the control of the whitefly B. tabaci.


The HPLC method presented here for the quantification of metal-binding thiols is considerably shorter than most previously published methods. It is a sensitive and highly reproducible method that separates monobromobimane tagged monothiols (cysteine, glutathione, -glutamylcysteine) along with polythiols (PC2, PC3, PC4 and PC5) within 23 min from a wide variety of samples. Total run time of the method is 35 min. Detection limits for thiols is 33 fmol for 10 L injection. This method will be applicable to study the metal detoxification mechanisms for a wide variety of cell cultures and tissues of plants and trees including algae, Arabidopsis, crambe, rice, and red spruce. Published by Elsevier B.V.


DOI: 10.14254/2071789X.2018/11-1/21 ABSTRACT. Institutions and institutional structures always determine the development (social and economic), and therefore the level (quality) of microeconomic institutions, including that of corporate governance. The subject of this research is the level (quality) of corporate governance (as a dependent variable in the given model) in relatively undeveloped Adriatic seaports. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of institutional framework in regulating corporate governance and to verify the hypothesis on a significant dependency of the dependent variable from the selectively chosen independent variables of a dominant institutional character. Field survey methods and multiple linear regression analysis are used in this paper. It is concluded that the offered research has verified the initial hypothesis.


The present work utilized as methodology personal analysis, historical and critic of the installation works of the science Conscientiology. This author as one of the founders of International Association of the Center for Higher Studies of Conscientiology CEAEC and the International Association for Evolution of the Consciousness ARACE- the two largest campuses at the present time, resident researcher in these campuses and responsible for the projects and execution of the constructions, registered important data during the first lustrum of these institutions. Adding to this the observation of the current position in which Conscientiology finds itself and its geopolitics organization, such data was synthesizes in a systematic manner, concatenated with the prospective of the expansion of the Conscientiology nowadays. From the publication of the treaty Projectiology in 1986 and the foundation of the International Institute of Projectiology IIPC in 1988, the great trajectory resulted in the creation of 18 Conscientiology institutions and five Cognopolis or cities of knowledge. Starting from the analysis of this trajectory this historical can be divided into three basic waves: the first one begins with the publication of the treaty Projectiology and extended to the publication of the treaty 700 Experiments of Conscientiology, which precedes the foundation of CEAEC, which was the beginning of the the third wave. We are at this time observing the formation of the beginning of the new development cycle, or expansion of the science Conscientiology. The objetive of this work is to do the reading of this trajectory, to analyse the gain, to evidence tight spots, difficulties, and mainly, to suggest a policy for the expansion of Cognopolis, starting from the development of Conscientiology. As a result of the work, it offers a proposal for reflection concerning the personal and institutional positioning for the continuation of the works and the respective counterpart.


Objective To study the mechanical expression of femoral neck bone quality and gene expression of the attached muscle strength in postmenopausal osteoporotic rat model established by ovariectomy, and to explore the muscle - bone mechanisms of the increased osteoporotic fracture risk of femoral neck. Method Twenty 8 - month - old female Wistar rats were divided randomly into two groups of the Sham - operated control group (n=10) and Ovariectomy (OVX) group (n= 10) . At 90 days after surgery, the mechanical expression (Max- load, Stiffness and Energy) of femoral neck bone quality based on material test and the gene expression ( MHCI mRNA) of the attached muscle strength based on RT - PCR were detected. Results In mechanical expression, the Max - load, Stiffness and Energy in OVX group were lower than those in Sham - operated control group (P 0.05). In gene expression , the MHCI mRNA in Sham - operated control group was identified clearly, but that in OVX group the expression was low. Conclusion The lower mechanical expression of femoral neck bone quality is able to induce the increased osteoporosis fracture risk of femoral neck. The lower gene expression of the attached muscle strength has important contribution to the regulation mechanism of high bone remodeling rate which lead to the lower mechanical expression of bone quality. So bones as well as muscles should be covered in the treatment protocol and should be regarded as the clinical strategy in reducing the osteoporosis fracture risk of femoral neck.


ABSTRACT
A.Sudirman S. 2019. Teacher's Questioning Strategies in Teaching Descriptive
Writing; A Case Study at SMAN 28 Bone (Supervised by KismanSalija and Amirullah)
The research was to reveal (1) questioning strategies used by the teacher in
teaching descriptive writing, (2) the teacher's purposes of using the questioning
strategies in teaching descriptive writing, and (3) students' perception on the teacher's
use of questioning in teaching descriptive writing.
The research employed a single-case study design and was conducted at a
leading state senior high school in the district of Bone. One of the EFL teachers at the
school was purposively chosen as the subject, and the data were obtained through
classroom observation and interview.
The findings disclose that (1) the teachers employed four questioning strategies;
prior knowledge-based, lecture-based, fact-based and thinking based questioning, (2)
the teacher used prior knowledge-based questioning to remind the students of the
previous lesson and to commence the classroom interaction with them, lecture-based
questioning to maintain the classroom interaction and to check the students'
comprehension, and both fact-based and thinking-based questioning to help the
students develop their ideas (brainstorming), and (3) in the students' perception, the
teacher's questioning helped them understand the concept of descriptive writing,
stimulated their critical thinking and helped them outline their writing. Thus, it can be
inferred that (1) questioning was an important part of the teacher's strategy in teaching
descriptive writing, (2) the teacher's use of the four questioning strategies was due to
his belief that the descriptive writing teaching and learning process could go smoothly
through interactive communication, which was built by his questions and the students'
answers, and (3) the students have positive perception on the teacher's use of
questioning in teaching descriptive writing.
Keywords : Questioning, Strategies, Descriptive Writing


This paper considers an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based selective decode-and-forward (DF) cooperative communication system with multiple mobile relays between the mobile source and destination. Closed form expressions have been derived for the average end-to-end SER and also the asymptotic error floor considering a Rayleigh faded correlated multi tap channel with time selectivity due to node mobility and imperfect channel estimates for the source-destination, source-relay and relay-destination links. Further, a framework is also developed for optimal power allocation for a given total system power budget. Simulation results have been presented to illustrate the system performance for various OFDM channel and mobility conditions and also to verify the analytical results derived. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that optimal power allocation leads to a performance improvement in comparison to the conventional equal power allocation especially in the low and moderate SNR regimes. At high SNR, the system performance with both optimal and equal power allocation can be seen to approach an asymptotic floor, since the system performance is independent of the power of the noise components, which is also supported by the analysis.


eanut (Arachis hypogeae) is considered as important crop in Indonesia and domestic demands to peanut tend to increase recently. Infection of fungal seedborne, Aspergillus flavus, may downgrade peanut seed quality. Research was conducted to evaluate the application of secondary metabolite produced by endophytic bacteria for controlling A. flavus. The methodologies involved isolation A. flavus and endophytic bacteria from the plant tissue of peanut, hypersensitive test of endophytic bacteria, inhibition test of endophytic bacteria against A. flavus, extraction and examination of secondary metabolite from endophytic bacteria, seed treatment using extracted secondary metabolite, and molecular identification of the bacteria. Based on hypersensitive test, 37 isolates of endophytic bacteria were identified as non pathogenic. Further screening by dual culture test found 3 isolates with high inhibition activity, i.e. BE2B2-1 (71.64%), BE2B2-2 (69.05%), and BE2B2-5 (62.25%). Molecular identification based on nucleotide sequencing of 16S rRNA showed that BE2B2-1, BE2B2-2, and BE2B2-5 were Enterobacter sp., Bacillus sp., and Acinetobacter sp., respectively. Metabolite from Enterobacter sp. has the highest antimicrobial activity (61.70%) against A. flavus in in vitro test, highest infection inhibition (77.22%) in growing-on test, and highest increasing of seed germination rate (4.25%). This finding indicated the potential of secondary metabolites from endophyte bacteria to suppress infestation of A. flavus.


The present invention relates to aryl-pyridine as aldosterone synthase inhibitors. Specifically, the present invention provides compounds of formula I, methods for preparing the compounds of the invention and their therapeutic use. The present invention further provides a pharmacologically active agent and pharmaceutical combination compositions.


There is normally a large settlement at tailings under seepage force.Using a 3-D fluid-solid interaction numerical simulation method,this study analyzes and evaluates the stability of tailing dam under static,dynamic and seepage conditions after the tailings reaching a certain elevation.The study results show that the safety factor of static stability is 2.48 after the tailing dam reaching its final elevation,which means there is a large safety margin.The average depth of invasion line meets the regulatory requirements with the conditions of three different drainage measures at the surface of the stacked dam.The tailings dam can remain stable under the 0.05g seismic force.The study findings provide a basis for preliminary design and construction drawing.


This article provides a study of ideological conflict and competition between anarchist and socialists in the British anti-capitalist movement between 2001 and 2005. Using an ethnographic study, including 30 semi-structured interviews, observations of major mobilisations and documentary analysis, I argue that a symbolic struggle for ideological dominance over the anti-capitalist movement took place. To understand and explain the dynamics of this movement struggle I conceptualise the anti-capitalist movement as a field in the Bourdieusian sense of the term. Anarchist networks were the dominant players within this field for over a decade; however, the emergence and actions of newly formed socialist organisations challenged their dominance. Both sides attempted to accrue different forms of capital to further their ideological agenda which brought them into conflict with each other. This conceptualisation offers a new direction for understanding conflict, not just for anti-capitalist activists, but also for the study of social movements generally.


The complexity of an interconnection network often determines the size of the parallel computer and thus the attainable performance of a parallel computer is limited by the characteristics of the interconnection network. Pruning technique reduces the complexity and hence increases the performance. In this paper, we apply the pruning technique on Hierarchical Torus Network (HTN) and study the architectural details of the pruned HTN. We have explored the network diameter, average distance, bisection width, peak number of vertical links, and VLSI layout area of different HTN. It is shown that the pruned HTN possesses several attractive features including small diameter, small average distance, small number of wires, a particularly small number of vertical links, and economic layout area as compared to its non-pruned counterpart.


The theory of the Marxist philosophy on the relation between subject and object in practice has established the valuable principle of"basing on the people",whereas it shows the tendency of emphasizing subject and ignoring object.Nowadays we'd lay stress on the object properties in practice,the double results of the interaction between subject and object,the relation between the object and its surroundings,on introspecting the relation by object on subject.We should also harmonize the relation between man and nature on the premise of basing on the people.


Accounting is an urgently needed talent resource for enterprises in the context of China's rapid economic development. In the current higher vocational colleges, the accounting major is not only a popular major, but also a key program that the colleges make efforts to support. However, in practice, many graduates of accounting majors in higher vocational colleges cannot meet the requirements of employers, resulting in less ideal employment conditions. Therefore, higher vocational colleges urgently need to solve the problem of innovating and developing the training mode of accounting talents. This paper introduces the significance of innovating the training mode of accounting talents in higher vocational colleges, analyzes the current shortcomings of talent training in accounting majors in higher vocational colleges, and proposes suggestions for innovating accounting talent training mode in higher vocational education for reference.


Based on the Social Identity and Social Categorization Theory framework, this study investigated how identification with the physical component of a community (i.e., the place identity), the perception of a community (i.e., the ingroup) in terms of cohesion and entitativity, and the perception of one or more territorial communities as laying beyond a community's boundaries (i.e., the outgroup) affect a psychological sense of community (PSOC). A survey was conducted with 477 residents (55.1& female; aged 16-80 years) in the Salento region, Italy. The results showed that the more individuals identified with the spatial community, the more they felt connected to their fellow residents and the more satisfied they were with their social relationships. More importantly, the findings highlighted the contribution of ingroup-outgroup relationships on shaping PSOC, which suggests that determinants of PSOC should include both the internal identification processes and the processes that lead communities to behave towards other communities.


Simplified phosphorescent light-emitting devices with the structure ITO/MoO3 (3 nm)/4,4′-bis(9H-carbazol-9-yl)biphenyl (CBP): x wt% tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium(III) [Ir(ppy)3] (30 nm)/3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-4-phenyl-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole (50 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Al (100 nm) are demonstrated. The optimized organic light-emitting diode with CBP: 25 wt% Ir(ppy)3 as a light-emitting layer showed a peak current efficiency of 46.8 cd A−1, which is 1.64 times that of the reference device with the structure ITO/N,N′'-bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)benzidine (30 nm)/CBP: 8 wt% Ir(ppy)3 (30 nm)/2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (10 nm)/(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) (40 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Al (100 nm). The improvement in efficiency is attributed to the charge-trapping effect of the heavy doping of Ir(ppy)3 and the excellent hole-transporting ability of the CBP layer doped with Ir(ppy)3. When we incorporated bis(4,6-difluorophenyl-pyridine)(picolinate)iridium(III) into the CBP: 25 wt% Ir(ppy)3 layer, the device showed a higher efficiency of 71.2 cd A−1, which is superior to that of previously reported simplified organic light-emitting diodes.


The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between education and economic growth. The study is based on annually time series data range from period
1970 until 2010. The indicators for education are government operating expenditure and
government development expenditure in education sector. Following the endogenous growth theory, log linear model is build based on Cobb Douglas production function. In order to answer the three objectives in this study, the tests been carried out included Augument Dikey Fuller test (ADF) test to test unit root, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) test to estimate how dependent variable changes when there is an increase in independent variables, Johansen cointegration test to investigate the existence of long run relationship in the model and Granger causality test to determine the direction of causality between all variables. The finding of the study is consistent with most of the empirical studies and theory where there is a long run relationship between education and economic growth. Besides that, the estimated results show that operating expenditure is relatively bring more impact to gross domestic product compared to development expenditure. In
addition, the empirical evidence demonstrates that operating expenditure exits bilateral
causality relationship with economic growth


This article is devoted to the issues of auditing procedures in the construction industry at all stages of the construction process. The authors propose a procedure for the control of construction works performed by contractors and utility ways, is recommended for use in the process control technique of control measurements of construction work identified the main causes of cost overruns in construction costs.


OBJECTIVES
Hand burn is not a common condition in the clinical practice and needs a long and laboured rehabilitative treatment to restore the lost function.

METHODS
This case report illustrates the achievable improvements in mobility and function by using innovative inertial systems for occupational exercise in a Virtual Reality, in addition to a traditional rehabilitative treatment.

RESULTS
Through these instruments, we could promote and concurrently assess the recovery of a functional grasp and the ability in the execution of Activities of Daily Living.


The paper presents a methodological approach to assess the effectiveness of the projects on Russian power export to the North-East Asia countries. The mathematical models are described and the guidelines for selecting the most preferable project on power export are offered.


An information providing system and an information carrier, the information carrier is mounted on the mounting body to the unique information stored in the information carrier, and to have the ID information, information may also see information about the mounting body from the ID. Information system 100 having: storing inherent information of the information carrier and the attachment body is attached to the information carrier, information about the installation body according to the unique information refer. Said mounting body has the ID information, the ID information may refer to the same according to the inherent information from the information stored on the information carrier of the see.


The aim of the article is mathematical modelling of the carbonation process that has been based on results of research conducted both in accelerated and natural conditions. The article covers short characteristic of carbonation, its processes and effects. Also critical review of articles that concern carbonation mathematical models was included in the paper. Assuming the self-terminating nature of carbonation the hyperbolic model of carbonation was formulated. Such a model describes the carbonation progress as the process unlimited in time but with the restricted range in concrete depth that is limited by the value of a model asymptote. Presented results cover research on carbonation of concrete with a different water-cement ratio and different types of binders and duration times of early curing. Investigations have been conducted as accelerated (1% concentration of CO2) as well as in long-term exposures in natural conditions. The obtained results confirmed statistically that hyperbolic model is a well-founded approach when the modelling concrete carbonation process is concerned.


Distillation of Piper gibilimbum leaves by water distillation yielded 0.85% light yellow essential oil. Result of GC-MS analyses showed that P. gibilimbum essential oil contained 72 chemical compounds with major components 3-carene (40.64%), β -pinene (8.47%), cineol (6.19%), α-copaene (5.47%) and α-guaiene (9.30%). Antibacterial test with disc paper method indicated that the essential oil at 50% concentration inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococus viridans, Escherisia coli and Shigella fl exneri.


Anyone who shares Meyer's concern that organizational theory become more relevant to the political and managerial concerns of our time should see these criticisms as more than academic. Like Ishmael chasing Moby Dick, we must not underestimate the intricate complexity of these Leviathans we seek to make responsive. Since we must pursue these whales with rather crude conceptual tools, there is all the more reason to maintain the highest scholarly standards in using what resources we have.


ABSTRACT MOULTING in hens is normally accompanied by cessation of laying but the hormonal mechanism is poorly understood. Although the puzzle of hormonal initiation of moult seems to be unsolved, there is some knowledge of the hormonal mechanism during the moulting period. Zawadowsky (1927 Zawadowsky (1932), Zawadowsky and Rochlin (1928), Greenwood (1936) and Van der Meulen (1939) have established the fact that the thyroid hormone, and the thyrotropic hormone (TSH) have a marked effect on moult. The data of Perek and Sulman (1945) seem to support this view, since they demonstrated that the metabolism of hens during moult is higher than that of laying hens. On the basis of these findings, a theory has been advanced that a close relationship exists between the periodical phenomena of egg-laying and moulting in the fowl. Both phenomena are based on the alternate regulation of the secretion of gonadotrophins and TSH by the anterior pituitary gland. . . .


Corporate governance is considered as a significant implication for the growth of company. Good corporate governance plays an important role in enhancing the performance of company. Hence, this study targets to determine the impact of Return on Assets (ROA) in relation with determinants towards the selected company's performance and the name of the selected company in this study is Casio Computer Co., Ltd. (Casio) which is under the electronic industry in Japan. This analysis shows that firm-specific factors (current ratio, quick ratio, average-collection period, debt to income ratio, operational ratio, operating margin and corporate governance index CGI ) and the macroeconomic factors (Gross Domestic Product (GDP), inflation rate, interest rate, exchange rate and STDV of price change in the stock market) each has its significant, small significant or insignificant on return on assets (ROA) of Casio. This study suggests that Casio can perform well management and good corporate governance practices to maximize its revenue or profits for enhancing its corporate performance.


Two-Dimensional Digital Signal Processing II: Transforms and Median Filters — T. S. Huang, Ed. (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 222 pp., 1981.) Reviewed by P. Kariaratha Rajan, Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Eng., North Dakota State University, Eargo, ND 58105.


continuous pedagogical education, its description at the pre-university (propaedeutic) level is shown. The project of this model with an emphasis on the use of such modern pedagogical technology as a professional test is presented. The pedagogical, diagnostic, orientation and acmeological potential of this technology is revealed. On the basis of the analysis of the theory and practice of pre-professional training of high school students to teaching identified the possibility of its integration into the content of the pedagogical classes. The experience of implementation of the model and analysis of its effectiveness in the practice of pedagogical classes (on the example of a joint project of the Federal state educational institution of higher education "Tomsk State Pedagogical University and municipal autonomous educational institution «secondary school №30 of Tomsk» «Socio-ped-agogical class»). According to the results of the initial testing of the proposed model, the author formulated a number of conclusions: the importance of compliance with the principle of free professional self-determination of high school students, and therefore, the system should be very flexible and allow to build an individual route of professional development for each student; the effectiveness of the model largely depends on the structure of mechanisms of interaction of organizations-stakeholders (teacher training colleges and universities, schools, institutions of additional education of children, etc.) and all stakeholders. Taking into account these conclusions, the author identifies the need to adjust and refine the model proposed by him, and also outlines the prospects for further research on this topic in the context of building a system at the levels of undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate studies.


Disclosed are a system and method for processing long relationship data chain of a user, including: a cache module responding to an operation request of a front end to a long relationship data chain of a user, and synchronously sending a modification request in the operation request to a receiving module; the receiving module receiving the modification request from the cache module, and synchronously saving the modification request in an operation log file of a non-memory storage device; and a put-into-database module reading the modification request in the operation log file of the receiving module, and modifying the long relationship data chain in a database according to the read modification request. Using the present application, the probability of losing a modification request can be reduced, reducing the data error rate of a long relationship data chain in a database.


• using of the aquatic resources to contribute to the national economy, poverty alleviation and food security; • augmenting the contribution of fisheries and aquaculture in generating socio-economic benefits and improving the wellbeing of the rural population; • improving the economic viability of aquaculture farms through diversification of production in accordance with market demand; and • increasing the availability of high quality fishery products for the domestic market, but also including increased production of low price fish for the popular consumption in the rural areas.


Hypocotyls of three species of Citrus were cultured on different fortifications of MS media to assess their in vitro response. Higher in vitro morphogenesis (somatic embryogenesis and/or embryogenesis) leading to plantlet regeneration was varied considerably due to species and inoculation medium. Induction medium MS4D.5B (MS+ 4.0 mg/l 2, 4-D + 0. 5 mg/l BAP) proved well for callus initiation. Nutrient medium MS4B.5N (MS + 4.0 mg/l, BAP + 0.5 mg.l-1 NAA) performed commandingly for formation of morphogenic calli and plantlet regeneration. Higher root proliferating efficiency was recorded on rooting medium MS.5I (MS + 0.5 mg. l-1 IBA). Roots in higher numbers were attained from culture medium MS2I.5Kn (MS + 2. 0 mg. l-1 IBA + 0. 5 mg/l Kn), while culture media MS.5I.5B (MS + 0.5 mg/l IBA + 0.5 mg/l BAP) supported for enhancing mean root length. In terms of inter specific in vitro response, in general, Acid lime followed by Mandarin and Sweet orange responded decisively for the most of the culture phases. The in vitro raised plantlets were acclimatized and established successfully in the field.


Traditional physical education program is not able to take into account the peculiarities of training and professional activity of students of musical and pedagogical professions, the more there is no universally accepted standards of form and final evaluation of the success of students in higher educational institutions of this discipline. In the article brought a modular curriculum structure of the discipline "Physical education" of future music teachers, and describes criteria for diagnosis of individual academic achievements of students of future music teachers by point system..


Background: This study for the first time presents an environmentally friendly, room temperature procedure for synthesizing silver (Ag) nanoparticles via the leaf extract taken from Xanthorrhoea glauca. Methods: The simple and straightforward green chemistry based technique uses the leaf extract that acts as both reducing agent and capping agent to produce Ag nanoparticles which are subsequently quantified using advanced characterisation techniques. In addition, antibacterial studies were conducted using the Kirby-Bauer sensitivity method. Results: Advanced characterisation revealed the synthesised particles had a variety of shapes including cubes, truncated triangular and hexagonal plates, and ranged in size from 50 nm up to 200 nm. The Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus epidermis showed the maximum zone of inhibition at 11 mm. Conclusions: The study has shown that the leaf extract was able to synthesis Ag nanoparticles with antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermis .


The aim of this study was to investigate the reproducibility of a standardized method to assess the ultrasound liver‐to‐thoracic area ratio in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.


The aim of this study was to estimate the diffusing capacity of the alveolar"capillary membrane (Dm) and the alveolar volume of the lungs (Va) based on measured CO concentration and basic spirometric parameters. Methods. Previously, we calculated CO concentration in the exhaled air during tidal and forced breathing. Experimental data of a healthy volunteer were analyzed with presumable predicted values of Dm = 60 and Va = 7.0. Then, the real Dm and Va were estimated. Results. We determined an equation for the present case (male; 176 cm of height; 50 years of age). This equation was too intricate for the routine use, so we developed an online calculator to estimate values in the real"time regimen on the basis of DELPHI platform. Conclusion. Our findings could make reasonability for further investigation to develop a new method for Dm and Va estimation that could be more feasible because it do not need test gas mixtures.


People nowadays have the tendency to travel even for a day in order to get away from their daily routine. The tourism industry seems to have started recovering from the financial crisis and the number of tourists visiting destinations has increased. The concept of tourist destination is very important and should be understood not only by marketers but also by tourists so the purpose of the paper regards this aspect. Each person can become a tourist so it is important to see the all the elements that are behind a tourist destination. Offers are provided to tourists according to their wishes, according to their needs.


High-quality, effective vocabulary instruction is essential for supporting all students' academic success, and it is particularly important for students with disabilities. Teacher preparation programs are faced with the challenge of not only training preservice teachers to provide effective vocabulary instruction across grades and content areas, but also to prepare them to teach students with disabilities. This randomized control trial included 200 preservice teachers. We tested the effects that a combination of multimedia instruction and performance feedback on evidence-based practices for effective vocabulary instruction had on participants' knowledge and application of those practices. Compared with participants who received traditional lecture and text-based instruction and subjective feedback, we found that the group that received multimedia instruction and performance feedback implemented more of the practices, more frequently and for a longer duration. Implications for research and teacher preparation are discussed.


Measurements of the Earth s orientation since the 1970s using space geodetic techniques have provided a continually expanding and improving data set for studies of the Earth s structure and the distribution of mass and angular momentum. The accuracy of current one-day measurements is better than 100 microarcsec for the motion of the pole with respect to the celestial and terrestrial reference frames and better than 3 microsec for the rotation around the pole. VLBI uniquely provides the three Earth orientation parameters (nutation and UTI) that relate the Earth to the extragalactic celestial reference frame. The accuracy and resolution of the VLBI Earth orientation time series can be expected to improve substantially in the near future because of refinements in the realization of the celestial reference frame, improved modeling of the troposphere and non-linear station motions, larger observing networks, optimized scheduling, deployment of disk-based Mark V recorders, full use of Mark IV capabilities, and e-VLBI. More radical future technical developments will be discussed.


Microwave-assisted hydro distillation (MAHD) protocol, applied optimal extraction condition (650 W, 35 min) was used to extract an essential oil from the aerial part of Echinophora platylabo DC, which was collected from the Binaloud Mountain- Nishapor city. To evaluate the effect of microwave energy on the yield and composition of essential oil, MAHD method results were compared to those obtained by conventional hydro distillation (HD). The volatile compounds obtained by both methods were analyzed by Gas chromatography (GC) and GC-MS. It was indicated that, the yield of extracted essential oil using MAHD method is about 40% higher than regular HD method. In addition, the use of microwave irradiation not only influence the composition of the essential oil and the quantity of major compounds (trans-β- ocimene and γ –decalactone) but the extraction time in comparison to the HD method is shorter (35 min compared to 3 hours in HD). It was found that MAHD method is a good alternative for the extraction of essential oil in terms of the quality of the essential oil cost of the operation and saving energy. Thus we suggest that MAHD method can be considered as a green technology.


Vehicle-mounted video cameras increasingly are being used on buses, trucks, taxis, trains and passenger cars. These cameras can be used to reinforce safe driving by allowing supervisors to view unsafe driving behavior. They can also be useful in accident reconstruction. This paper describes a method developed by the National Transportation Safety Board for estimating speed and trajectory of vehicles involved in accidents based on videos from vehicle-mounted cameras. The method is based on aligning landmark locations in synthesized video frames generated with a model of the camera optics and a survey of the accident site with landmark locations in video frames acquired by the camera. The method yields accurate speed and trajectory estimates, and has been used successfully in highway and rail accident investigations. A technique has also been developed for deriving survey data needed for the speed and trajectory estimation method without performing a conventional survey of the accident scene.


Several urban areas of the country in violation of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for particulate matter have identified fugitive dust generated by vehicular traffic on paved streets and highways resulting from mud/dirt carryout from unpaved areas as a primary source of PM-10 (particles ≤ 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter). Since little data are currently available on the amount of mud/dirt carryout deposited on paved roads, this work characterizes the process and evaluates selected control methods. These control technologies were evaluated for effectiveness in controlling mud/dirt carryout from an unpaved construction access area onto an adjacent paved road. The first control used a street sweeper to mechanically sweep the dirt and debris from the paved road surface. The second applied a 6to 12-in. (15to 30-cm) layer of woodchip/mulch material onto the access area of the construction site to a distance 100 ft (30 m) from the paved road. The third applied a 6-in. layer of gravel over the access area. Street sweeping was found to be only marginally effective (approximately 20%) in reducing average silt loading on the paved road lanes. Treatment of the access area with a buffer of woodchip/mulch was moderately effective, reducing average silt loading by 38 to 46%. The gravel buffer showed the greatest effectiveness, reducing the average silt loading by 57 to 68%. These silt loading reductions result in the following calculated PM-10 reductions: street sweeping, 14%; woodchips, 27 to 33%; and gravel, 42 to 52%. This Project Summary was developed by EPA's National Risk Management Research Laboratory's Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, Research Triangle Park, NC, to announce key findings of the research project that is fully documented in a separate report of the same title (see Project Report ordering information at back).


Objective To evaluate the skin moisturizing properties and anti-wrinkle effect in a trial using the eye cream containing folium mori extract and litehi seed extract by measuring the volunteer's skin moisturizing properties(skin moisture,moisture loss)and skin elasticity.Methods Women aged 30-45 years were studied.The areas around the bilateral eye were as the product trial site(two sites of binoculus were selected of each subject),and the eye cream product were applied for 30 days.Before and 30 days after the test,the skin moisture content,moisture loss and skin elasticity were detected by Corneometer CM825 water determination apparatus,Tewameter TM210 skin moisture loss measurement instrument and Cutometer MPA580 skin elasticity measurement instrument respectively.The skin moisturizing properties and skin elasticity before and after the trial were compared.Results The product had obvious improvement effect on increasing skin moisture and decreasing skin moisture loss.The skin elasticity including the coarse elastic,net elastic and compaction degree were significantly improved.Conclusion This eye cream product containing folium mori extract and litehi seed extract has obvious skin moisturizing,moisturizing and skin elasticity enhancing effect.


This dissertation study evaluates the extent to which the design of social housing contributes to crime volume in such areas. It reviews the measures that are already being used by industry professionals to design out crime and weights their level of influence, considers the extent to which social influences impact upon both crime levels and the success of design measures. It also evaluates the extent of success attained by design initiatives based upon Newman's theory of defensible. Finally the effectiveness of guidance produced by the police designing out crime initiative SBD has been evaluated.


In this letter, we investigate secure multicasting for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) in the presence of multiple energy receivers who have potential to eavesdrop on the messages of information receivers. Under both, signal-interference-noise ratio (SINR) and harvested energy constraints, we propose a novel secure multicast design to minimize the total power by using the techniques of rank-two beamformed Alamouti coding and semidefinite relaxation (SDR). The sufficient conditions are derived under which the proposed secure multicast design is optimal. We also present the corresponding rank-two Gaussian randomization procedure to obtain a suboptimal solution when SDR is not tight. Simulation results are then provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed design in power saving.


Rotating machinery are widely used in industry. Machine failures may result in costly downtime. Without effective fault diagnosis, it is impossible to predict the lead-time to failure. Therefore, conducting effective fault detection and identification are desirable and imperative. However, diagnosing faults in rotating machinery is often a labor-intensive and time-consuming practice. This makes conducting effective and efficient fault diagnosis a challenge for technicians and plant maintainers.
 This paper presents a Lyapunov Exponents-Based K-Nearest Neighbor (LE-Based KNN) analysis method for detecting and classifying rotating machinery fault. To distinguish different machine conditions, Lyapunov exponents (LEs) calculated using nonlinear mapping were selected as features in KNN analysis for classifying the signature of different faults from the machine vibration. The LEs from forty-four vibration recordings served as training dataset for KNN analysis, and the machine health conditions were grouped into four categories. Data from unknown machinery health condition were used as testing data. The results show that proposed LE-Based KNN analysis method can achieve reliable fault classification on operating condition. The LE-Based KNN analysis method has potential improvement in classification with modified KNN and optimized feature selection. This approach can be used to acquire a complete machine vibration profile that may predict occurrence of damage in different parts of machine and help to detect and identify the defective machineries at early stages.


Now a day in industries, packaging is a stage that is important because, to make a product safe and good in condition when delivering to customer as well as to both sellers and buyers of the products. Packing is an important process to make the product good in condition. The problems of packing come when company has a demand of the product higher than ordinary. So, the operators that work at packing section must finish before the due date. However, it will make problems like the product is broken or cannot use. Therefore, this project will try to help and improve the packing system to make the process run systematic and make the product good in condition. Screw (Auger) conveyors are widely used for transporting and/or elevating particulates at controlled and steady rates. They are used in many bulk material applications in industries ranging from industrial minerals, agriculture, chemicals, pigments, plastics, cement, sand, salt and food processing. This project will use programming to make the system running step by step by using PLC {Programmable logic controller}. Keywords–Screw Conveyor, PLC, Sensor, Automation


A mechanical suture using the URSS PKZ 28 or SPTU stapler was used in 30 low colo-rectal anastomoses. There were two deaths related to anastomotic complications. It is safe to establish a colostomy when the colon is not well prepared. Fistulae are frequent after palliative operations: this is a poor indication. Local recurrences are no more frequent with stapling than with manual suture.


Dreams of a better and more perfect life,and the gaining of these through purer forms of communities and communal living, are nearly as old as man. In recorded history, Utopias start with Plato's Republic and continue to the present. The greatest influx of such actual communal organizations in the United States came during the last three-quarters of the nineteenth century but Pennsylvania was heavily blessed with attempted Utopias dating as early as 1663. Author Carl Carmer wrote a chronicle of New York state a few years ago titled Listen for a Lonesome Drum and in it he said that there seemed to be a broad psychic highway running across that state along which spirits spoke to men and near which menbuilt communities in the hope of improving their lot. He might well have added that when that highway reaches southwestern New York, in the vicinity of Jamestown, it veers sharply south and continues across the line into Warren County, Pennsylvania. This is the initial attempt to present the history of the four communities of such a nature that were projected or actually came into existence within that county. For many years Warren County was part of Pennsylvania's western frontier and retained all the attributes of a frontier area long after some of our western states had been rather well settled. The region was hampered by a sparse and slowly increasing population, desultory farming on poor soil, a great lack of money, and poor or nonexistent transportation facilities. But there was plenty of land available at bargain prices and lumber was plentiful on much of it. Land


in the editors' suggestion that it ' gives a rich overview of current research in generative grammar'. In fact it provides an overview of work in just one theoretical framework. One paper to which this criticism does not apply is Kayne's. This shows an extensive awareness of work in other frameworks and owes much of its interest to this fact. Another unfortunate feature of the book is that it shows a number of signs of having been produced rather hurriedly. Pollock's paper appears without glosses or translations for his French examples, Obenauer's paper refers extensively to the first draft of Kayne's 'ECP Extensions', and a number of paragraphs in Gueron's paper are printed out of order. These things make the book more difficult for readers than it need be. In spite of its defects, however, this is on the whole an interesting collection of papers.


This study was undertaken in order to assess the potential for oxidizing NO to NO{sub 2} in flue gas environments, with the aim of promoting the so-called fast SCR reaction. In principle this can result in improved SCR kinetics and reduced SCR catalyst volumes. Prior to commencing experimental work, a literature study was undertaken to identify candidate catalysts for screening. Selection criteria comprised (1) proven (or likely) activity for NO oxidation, (2) low activity for SO2 oxidation (where data were available), and (3) inexpensive component materials. Catalysts identified included supported base metal oxides, supported and unsupported mixed metal oxides, and metal ion exchanged ZSM-5 (Fe, Co, Cu). For comparison purposes, several low loaded Pt catalysts (0.5 wt% Pt) were also included in the study. Screening experiments were conducted using a synthetic feed gas representative of flue gas from coal-fired utility boilers: [NO] = 250 ppm, [SO{sub 2}] = 0 or 2800 ppm, [H{sub 2}O] = 7%, [CO{sub 2}] = 12%, [O{sub 2}] = 3.5%, balance = N{sub 2}; T = 275-375 C. Studies conducted in the absence of SO{sub 2} revealed a number of supported and unsupported metal oxides to be extremely active for NO oxidation to NO{sub 2}. Thesemore » included known catalysts (Co{sub 3}O{sub 4}/SiO{sub 2}, FeMnO{sub 3}, Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3}/TiO{sub 2}), as well as a new one identified in this work, CrFeO{sub x}/SiO{sub 2}. However, in the presence of SO{sub 2}, all the catalysts tested were found to be severely deactivated with respect to NO oxidation. Of these, Co{sub 3}O{sub 4}/SiO{sub 2}, Pt/ZSM-5 and Pt/CeO{sub 2} showed the highest activity for NO oxidation in the presence of SO{sub 2} (based on peak NO conversions to NO{sub 2}), although in no cases did the NO conversion exceed 7%. Reactor studies indicate there are two components to SO{sub 2}-induced deactivation of Co{sub 3}O{sub 4}/SiO{sub 2}, corresponding to an irreversible deactivation due to sulfation of the surface of the Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} phase, together with a reversible inhibition due to competitive adsorption of SO{sub 2} with NO on the catalyst. In an effort to minimize the deactivating effect of SO{sub 2} on Co{sub 3}O{sub 4}/SiO{sub 2}, two synthetic approaches were briefly examined. These consisted of (1) the incorporation of highly dispersed Co(II) ions in silica, as a non-sulfating matrix, via the sol-gel preparation of CoO-SiO{sub 2}; and (2) the sol-gel preparation of a mixed metal oxide, CoO-Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5}-SiO{sub 2}, with the aim of exploiting the acidity of the niobium oxide to minimize SO2 adsorption. While both catalysts showed almost no activity for NO oxidation in the absence of SO{sub 2}, when SO{sub 2} was present low activity was observed, indicating that SO{sub 2} acts as a promoter for NO oxidation over these materials. The kinetics of NO oxidation over Co{sub 3}O{sub 4}/SiO{sub 2}, Pt/SiO{sub 2} and Pt/CeO{sub 2} were also examined. Co{sub 3}O{sub 4}/SiO{sub 2} was found to exhibit a higher apparent activation energy for NO oxidation than the Pt catalysts, while the combined reaction order in NO and O{sub 2} for the three catalysts was very close to one. CO{sub 2} was found to have no effect on the kinetics of NO oxidation over these catalysts. The presence of H{sub 2}O caused a decrease in NO conversion for both Co{sub 3}O{sub 4}/SiO{sub 2} and Pt/CeO{sub 2} catalysts, while no effect was observed for Pt/SiO{sub 2}. The inhibiting effect of water was reversible and is attributed to competitive adsorption with the reactants. In sum, this study has shown that a variety of base metal catalysts are very active for NO oxidation. However, all of the catalysts studied are strongly deactivated in the presence of 2800 ppm SO{sub 2} at typical flue gas temperatures; consequently improving catalyst resistance to SO{sub x} will be a pre-requisite if the fast SCR concept is to be applied to coal-fired flue gas conditions.« less


UNDERSTANDING THE CHEMISTRY OF FOOD CARBOHYDRATES, M. Izydorczyk Monosaccharides Oligosaccharides Reaction of Monosaccharides and Derived Carbohydrate Structures Polysaccharides UNDERSTANDING CARBOHYDRATE ANALYSIS, Y. Brummer and S. Cui Total Sugar Analysis Monosaccharide Analysis Oligosaccharide Analysis Dietary Fiber Analysis STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF POLYSACCHARIDES, S. Cui Strategy for Polysaccharide Structural Analysis Determination of Linkage Pattern: Methylation Analysis, Reductive Cleavage, and Peroxidation Specific Degradation of Polysaccharides Mass Spectroscopy and Sequence of Oligosaccharides 2D NMR Spectroscopy UNDERSTANDING THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FOOD POLYSACCHARIDES, Q. Wang and S. Cui Molecular Weight and MW Distribution: Definition and Determination Techniques Solutions Properties and Dispersions Polysaccharide Gels Rheological methods Thermal Analysis Roles of Polysaccharide in Emulsions UNDERSTANDING THE CONFORMATION OF POLYSACCHARIDES, Q. Wang and S. Cui Basics of Polysaccharide Conformation Methods for Conformation Analysis POLYSACCHARIDE GUMS: STURCTURE, FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES, AND APPLICATIONS, M. Izydorczyk, S. Cui, and Q. Wang Plant Polysaccharides Seaweed Polysaccharides Microbial Polysaccharides Animal Polysaccharides UNDERSTANDING STARCHES AND THEIR ROLE IN FOODS, Q. Liu Starch Isolation and Chemistry Granular Structure Starch Functionality Role of Starches in Foods Resistant Starch STARCH MODIFICATION AND APPLICATIONS, S. Xie, Q. Liu, and S. Cui Chemical Modification Physical Modification Starch Hydrolyzates and Their Applications Biotechnological Modification of Starches


Introduction : Stroke is one of the most common causes of chronic disability and death. Although prediction of stroke outcome is important, outcome predictors still remain unclear. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) have been reported to play critical roles in neurovascular remodeling or mediating inflammation at acute and subacute phase after ischemic stroke. Hypothesis : Wehypothesized that association between silent infarctions and favorable outcome would be affected by expression of angiogenic factors. Methods : From January 2009 to March 2011, 68 consecutive patients with first-ever lacunar infarction (50%) intracranial and extracranial stenosis, use of rtPA and strokes of other determined etiologies. We also excluded patients with acute infection, chronic inflammatory disease and cancers. Serum samples were collected from patients immediately after admission and were stored at -80°C. Serum VEGF, SDF-1α, MIF, and HMGB1 were assessed with commercially available quantitative sandwich ELISA kit. Clinical, laboratory, and image findings including NIH stroke scale were obtained at admission and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was evaluated after 3 months of stroke onset. A favorable outcome was defined as an mRS between 0 to 1. Result : Silent brain infarctions were noted in 31 (45%) of the 68 patients. Patients with silent infarctions were associated with hypertension (p=0.055) and advanced leukoaraiosis (p Conclusions : In patients with lacunar infarction, previous silent infarctions were associated with favorable outcome and early increased expression of VEGF. We suggest that association between silent infarctions and favorable outcome may be affected by expression of angiogenic factors such as VEGF. On the other hand, the finding that SDF-1α reflecting the severity of lacunar infarctions decreased in acute lacunar infarction patients with silent infarctions might suggest that lesser SDF-1α may be related with lesser damage after acute lacunar infarction and then better outcome.


The European Union took the first steps towards the accession to ECHR, thanks to the Lisbon Treaty that expressly envisages it.
The research explores the accession issue, examining its peculiar elements and investigating its problematic aspects.
The research path begins with the analyses of EU system and Convention system, considering both of them autonomously and revealing interrelation and mutual influence aspects. It continues with an investigation of problematic knots to be solved to the purpose of convergence.
In the first part, the evolution of Luxembourg Court's protection activity is examined through case law analysis, so as to establish how the Court itself used ECHR's rights and Strasbourg Court's case law. Then, the relationship between ECHR and EU Charter of fundamental rights is investigated in the light of accession.
In the second part, Strasbourg Court's monitoring action is taken into consideration in order to verify the extent of its indirect control above EU primary and secondary law.
In the third part, different solutions for accession's technical and legal issues are taken into consideration, concerning the interaction between the two Courts, the ways of the EU participation in ECHR's monitoring activities and the involvement of the EU in proceedings before Strasbourg Court.


Sotos syndrome is characterised by rapid growth in the first few years of life with advanced bone age, ultimate adult height being variable, with some cases having attained gigantic proportions. In addition these patients have a variable degree of mental retardation, behavioral problems, characteristic dysmorphic features, large hands and feet and motor clumsiness. We report a case of Sotos syndrome which presented with a bewildering array of symptoms, unlike most cases that have been described in the literature.


Introduction: Cervical spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality often occurs in falling or traffic accidents. The consequent cervical hyperextension is thought to be the mechanism of injury since most victims have lacerations or contusions on their faces. Some recent studies using magnetic resonance imaging have revealed that cervical spinal cord injuries without bony damage occur predominantly at C3-4 levels where there are usually fewer spondylotic changes and a wider spinal canal diameter, compared to lower segments. We propose that the cervical spine would show a particular motion beside extension in which the impact force would concentrate on C3-4 motion segment during direct face impact.


Introduction: Autism is not a specific condition. It is, however, a comprehensive disorder of psychomotor and social development. A number of factors, both environmental (family-related) and genetic, are believed to be the cause of autism. The percentage of children affected by autism has been increasing over the past 20 years. It is assumed that statistically, approximately 20 children in every 10,000 will become affected by this condition. Autism is 4 times more common in boys than in girls. The disorder is characterised by impaired mental growth, and, consequently, social and motor development.

Research objective: The aim of the article is to present the role of dog therapy in supporting the process of therapeutic rehabilitation among children with autism. In particular, the following aspects were taken into account: breeds of canines used in dog therapy, mechanisms of influence concerning dog therapy on the child's body, as well as the forms and results obtained.

Material and methods: The work is a narrative review. It was written on the basis of the document analysis method with the use of quantitative and qualitative techniques, as well as database searches for Polish and foreign scientific literature on the subject, i.e. Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar. In the article, the research results are presented in relation to the efficiency of applying dog therapy in the treatment of autistic children between 2002 and 2017, with emphasis on foreign literature.

Results: The most commonly used forms of dog therapy used are: Animal Assisted Activity (AAA), Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT) and Animal Assisted Education (AAE).

Conclusions: The use of dogs in the process of therapeutic rehabilitation has positive influence both on the autistic child and his/her family environment. It helps cope better with many difficulties and motivates to take up more activities. Dog therapy affects all spheres of personal development, i.e. mental, motor and socio-emotional.


In the Heart of America region we are blessed with perennial cool-season grasses and legumes as the bulk of our forage production. Efficiently taking advantage of that perennial production is the focus of most grazing operations. Occasionally there are times when the production from our coolseason grass and legume pasture is not sufficient. In Ohio, that is late summer and late fall through winter till early spring. Nontraditional forages could be used when cool season forages are not producing. Non-traditional forages can provide a large volume, of high-quality feed during specific times of the year.


admitted into the Pharmacopoeias of London, Edinburgh, and Dublin; accompanied by a Planisphere, shewing at one Vieiu the Class and Order of the Medical Genera, according to Linncens and Jussieu. By Thomas Castle, f.l.s. &c. London, 1833. 4to. pp. 17. It is the opinion of a celebrated German physician that anthelmintics are unnecessary medicines; for, says our learned Saxon brother, those parasitic animals we call taenia?, lum-


It is the first effort aimed at the application of Music Therapy techniques to help in the prevention and treatment of depression in the older person in the Miraflores of Lima, Peru. The Biopsychosocial and Yesavage tests were applied to all patients. We describe all the used techniques, the musical themes and therapeutic instruments used in a total of 50 people aged between 60 and 96 years, a six months treatment with a weekly frequency and culminated in a substantial improvement of problems like Depression, anxiety and nervousness as other mental health problems, among other achievements.


The choice of discussion topics plays a key role in the teaching arrangements and the teaching effect of seminars.Aiming at this kind of cross-discipline seminars,and with the course of"Control problems in electrical power systems" taught in recent years,a teaching pattern,or subject chains,is proposed in this paper,which is used to determine the discussion topics.To carry out the teaching pattern,first,the students with different majors are divided into several groups.Secondly,the discussion topic of each group is made up of several related sub-topics(named topic loops) around its research field.These topic loops constitute a topic chain,and the teaching activities of the whole class are just centered around these several topic chains.On the whole,the proposed topic chain individualizes the teaching method and helps students to extend their learning spaces.Meanwhile,it also facilitates communications among students with different professional backgrounds.The actual teaching experience in recent years has shown that the proposed pattern is quite applicable for cross-discipline seminars.


This document presents the results of an effort to estimate how often a TNAV (Time Navigation) equipped aircraft could be given a TNAV clearance in the En Route Metering (ERM) system as a function of the percentage of arriving traffic which is TNAV equipped. A fast-time simulation of Denver Stapleton international arrival traffic in the Denver Air Route Traffic Control Center route structure, including en route metering operations, was used to develop data on estimated conflicts, clearance communications and fuel usage for traffic mixes of 25, 50, 75 and 100% TNAV equipped. This study supports an overall effort by NASA to assess the benefits and required technology for using TNAV-equipped aircraft in the ERM environment.


Signalized intersections are key nodes of urban road networks. Delay and Queue length are the major parameters that are used to qualify and quantify the performance of Signalized intersections. In this study, it was attempted to measure the queue length in the field by using video recording camera, then comparing it with the calculated values using Highway Capacity Manual (HCM 2000) method, and determine the parameters that influence it. Queue length is studied at five signalized intersections located on two major ring roads in Erbil City. The data has been collected using video recording technique. This study performs a comparison between field measured back of queue and HCM 2000 method for calculating back of queue. The results showed that the two models are close to each other in under-saturated conditions but HCM values gave higher values than measured values in over-saturated conditions obtained. Adjusted coefficient of correlation of the regression analysis was equal to 0.852, which showed a good relationship between field measured and the HCM back of queue formula in case of linear relationship. For better performance, it is recommended to redesign traffic signal timing and redesigning the intersections geometrically.


The nitrogen bases in eight high-boiling crude oil distillates from four crude oils having different geological sources were characterized. Four basic compound types were found in all of the distillates--pyridine benzologs, diaza compounds, amides, and carbazoles. A chromatographic-infrared method was developed for the qualitative and quantitative determination of the major compound types. The data obtained using this method were compared with titration and total nitrogen data. This comparison demonstrated that the chromatographic-infrared method alone can be used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze basic compound types in high-boiling petroleum distillates and that titration and total nitrogen data alone can be used to quickly estimate the kinds and amounts of major compound types in these distillates. The structures of the basic compounds were examined in detail using fluorescence, mass, and infrared spectrometry.


ABSTRACT Snowmelt-induced rill erosion could bring serious harm for soil quality and agricultural productive conditions of slope farmland in the black soil zone of Northeast China. In this study, we conducted laboratory experiments to investigate the effects of the freeze-thaw (FT) temperature, number of FT cycles, water content, flow rate, and thaw depth on rill morphology and erosion amount in two common soil (black soil and albic soil). The thaw depth obtained the maximum range, which was the primary factor for the width-to-depth ratio of rills in the black soil; whereas, the flow rate obtained the maximum range as the primary factor for rill erosion in black soil and albic soil. The number of FT cycles had a minor effect on rill erosion in the two soils. Under the same conditions, the rill morphology showed a large difference between the two soils, and higher rill erosion occurred in albic soil than black soil. Rill erosion was relatively high in black soil and albic soil when the FT temperature fluctuated around 0°C during freezing-thawing. The water content exhibited a greater effect on rill erosion in black soil than in albic soil. The unthawed frozen layer could promote rill erosion during snowmelt period to some extent. The results could provide some reference for future study snowmelt-induced rill erosion mechanism and preventive measures.


In this work, we study a flow restoration based network design problem where we assume the knowledge of possible failure situations. We use the idea of a situation disjoint path pair (nominal path, backup path) which are constructed in such a way that at least one of them is operational in any given failure situation for a flow. We present an approximate linear programming formulation of the problem and show how path generation technique (based on column generation) can be used to solve it. The path generation approach is an iterative method that allows us to add new path pairs based on dual Lagrangean multipliers in every iteration. We consider four different scenarios that differ in the way we compute and add new path pairs at every iteration. We present the results of our approach for an example network. From our observations, we conclude that path generation approach is an effective method to solve the backup path restoration design problem.


Freud was a materialist, and at an early stage of his psychological inquiries attempted to construct an explicitly physiological psychology based on the interaction of neurons. This attempt, by now well known under the title 'Project for a scientific psychology', was abandoned shortly after Freud sent the draft to Fliess in October 1895. And when he learned in 1937 that Marie Bonaparte had unearthed the manuscript, he sought to have it destroyed. His subsequent theories were of an entirely different character, for they contained only psychological terminology and did not refer explicitly to neuron interaction. Nevertheless, there is a good deal of structural continuity between the earlier and later views, and Freud continued to be convinced that the psychic apparatus which he was investigating and describing in mentalistic terms was in its true nature a physical system – though too little was known about neurophysiology to permit anyone to think about psychology in physical terms. That is why Freud felt it necessary to abandon the line of investigation represented by the Project . The question therefore arises in what sense it is possible to think about a physical system in mentalistic terms, taken from the vocabulary of experience, perception, desire, etc., without having any idea of the physical significance of those descriptions.


There are as many interpretations of Whiggery presented in these volumes as there are historians. Richard Brent, Peter Mandler, and Ian Newbould have pored over many of the same sources, and each highlights a characteristic of Whiggery that the others ignore or diminish. Brent is engaged in recovering the religious, specifically the Anglican, dimension in the political ideology of Whiggery. He discerns three principal groups among the Whigs by the time Charles, Lord Grey's government was formed in 1830. Brent accepts Ellis Wasson's term "Young Whigs" to designate a group of aristocrats led by Lord Althorp who brought a sense of Christian stewardship to politics.' With the old Foxites—Grey, Lord Holland, and, somewhat questionably, the Marquess of Lansdowne—he lumps Lord Melbourne and Lord


ECI network management system is applying to the optical fiber communication networking of State Grid to Sanxia Grid and South Hebei Electricity Power Grid.This paper proceeds from structure and function of ECI network management,combines the conditions of the Hebei Electricity Power Network,explains the system hierarchy of ECI network management.From the aspects of topological management,route configuration,malfunction management and performance management,this paper analyses the functions that can be realized,introduces the application situation in south Hebei,and shows some general operation and management procedure.Some existed problems and their solutions are discussed and the development of ECI network management is probed too.


This paper presents a nature inspired metaheuristic based optimization technique, Dragonfly Algorithm (DA) for handling optimal power flow (OPF) problem in electrical power system. In the proposed algorithm (DA), Dragonfly Algorithm has been implemented for finding the optimal setting of the power system control variables for the OPF problem. Minimization of fuel cost, improvement of voltage profile, power loss minimization and emission cost minimization are considered as the objectives for solving the OPF problem. The effectiveness and validity of the proposed Dragonfly Algorithm has been tested by solving OPF problem for above mentioned objectives in the standard IEEE 30-bus test system. The results obtained are compared with the results reported in the literature. The comparison clearly shows the superiority of the proposed Dragonfly Algorithm over the other heuristic techniques applied for solving optimal power flow problem. Keywords—dragonfly algorithm; fuel cost; real power loss; voltage profile improvement; emission,optimal power flow INTRODUCTION For planning and operation of a power system, optimal power flow (OPF) problem is one of the most crucial problems. It is an optimization problem with the main aim of finding the optimal adjustment of control variables of a power system to optimize either single objective or multi objective functions such as minimization of total generation cost, minimization of real power loss, minimization of bus voltage deviation and minimization of emission, while satisfying the inequality and the equality constraints. The equality constraints are the power flow equations, while the inequality constraints are the system security and operating limits of various power system equipment"s, like generators, transformers etc. [1, 2]. Carpentier (1962) was the first in formulating a method for the OPF as a non-linear problem. The conventional optimization techniques were developed with some theoretical assumptions and were not able to handle the systems having non-smooth, non-convex and non-differentiable objective functions and constraints. Due to this limitation, in the last few years, effort was made to apply efficient optimization techniques, which were able to overcome the drawbacks of conventional optimization techniques. In recent years, efforts were being made to carry out significant research in the area of nature inspired nondeterministic (heuristic) optimization techniques to solve the optimal power flow problem. Heuristic algorithms such as genetic algorithm [10,11], enhanced genetic algorithm [12], evolutionary programming [13,14], simulated annealing [15], tabu search [16], particle swarm optimization [17, 18], differential evolution [19, 20], modified differential evolution [21], biogeography-based optimization [22], gravitational search algorithm [23],and harmony search algorithm [25], artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm[26], Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) technique [27],Dragonfly algorithm(DA)[26] have been proposed to solve the OPF problem. One of the recently proposed heuristic algorithms is the dragonfly algorithm (DA), which is based on the unique and rare swarming behavior of dragonflies. It was developed by Mirjalili in 2014[28]. The proposed dragonfly algorithm is found to outperform the existing popular and powerful algorithms. Dragonflies are supposed to be small predators in nature, which hunt almost all other small insects. The nymph dragonflies also predate on the other aquatic insects and even small fishes. An appealing fact about the dragonflies is their unique and rare swarming behavior. Dragonflies swarm for the purpose of hunting and migration. The former purpose is called feeding or static swarm, while the latter is termed as the dynamic or migratory swarm.


This report reviews the impact of substance abuse and mental health problems among the adolescent population, examines the research issues and treatment delivery system, identifies model modalities and programs to audress the needs of adolescents, and makes practical recommendations on the implementation of effective treatment methods for youths. The first part of the report examines the epidemiological evidence regarding the prevalence and incidence of substance abuse and mental illness in adolescents, and outlines the categories of programs in the drug and alcohol and mental health systems. The second part describes 12 adolescent treatment programs, selected for their unusual or innovative approaches. The report concludes with general recommendations for the replication of innovative programs; the recommendations target project Uesign, staff training and development, and work with families. (42 references)