Flying characteristics of aerobatic aircraft were analyzed, worldwide tendency of piloting style of aerobatic aircrafts were investigated in this research. Necessity of improving maneuvering characteristics of aircraft Yakovlev-55 was brought out during the research. According the analysis' s results and calculations suggestions about change of geometric characteristics of aircraft with the view to accord with world level were developed.


The paper proposes a real-time monocular vision-based algorithm that can be applied to robot tracking. Unlike the models used in other papers, the model used in this paper is suitable for the condition that the camera is looking up. There is a common deficiency existing in previous models that the target point is constrained to some areas of the camera field. To overcome the shortcomings, the camera field of view is divided into three regions which also reduces the computational complexity. The intrinsic parameters of camera can be obtained by calibration. Pitch angle rectification, together with camera calibration, improves the ranging accuracy.


The present invention relates to an infrared cut filter structure, comprising a substrate, a bonding film and two two infrared cut filter film wherein the blue glass substrate with a material having a characteristic formed; bonding film to the two made of silicon oxide material, and respectively disposed on two surfaces of the coated substrate; the two films are infrared cut filter having a high refractive layer having a first refractive index and the refractive index of the low-refractive second layer interactive stack is formed, and the first refractive index is greater than the second refractive index; two of the films are plated infrared cut filter disposed on each of the bonding film, the bonding film located in each of the each of the infrared cut filter film between the substrates.


Silica gel was confirmed as a useful transport medium for Corynebacterium diphtheriae in the investigation of diphtheria cases in which there is no ready access to laboratory facilities.


In an earlier editorial in this journal on the intended and unintended consequences of checklists for interprofessional care (Kitto, 2010), an attempt was made to raise awareness and encourage interrogation of the problematic relationship between checklists and interprofessional care. The editorial outlined how checklists are driven by the evidence-based medicine (EBM) philosophy of the application of rigorously generated evidence to the building of programmatic clinical sequential steps that can produce optimal outcomes for patients and improve the working lives of healthcare professionals. A proposition was put forward that checklists in and of themselves are insufficient technical fixes to socio-cultural adaptive problems relating to team or interprofessional behavior. The overall purpose of this editorial was to encourage an interprofessional education research agenda focused on developing a greater understanding of how checklists in healthcare might act both as a problem and as a solution to the quality of interprofessional teamwork and collaboration (Kitto, 2010). In response to the seminal surgical safety checklist (SSC) study by Haynes et al. (2009), Canadian researchers have now conducted a study that problematizes the claims of the technical fix capacity of checklists to team-based patient safety problems in the operating room (OR) (Urbach, Govindarajan, Saskin, Wilton & Baxter, 2014). In this editorial, we would like to revisit checklists in light of this new study and other recent work on SSCs. In doing so, we hope to further encourage interprofessional scholars to treat this new ''scientific controversy'' (Latour, 1987), as a window of opportunity to demonstrate how the field of interprofessional knowledge and practice can contribute to the improvement of the design and implementation of safety science interventions in healthcare.


We consider the unidirectional particle transport in a suspension of colloidal particles which interact with each other via a pair potential having a hard-core repulsion plus an attractive tail. The colloids are confined within a long narrow channel and are driven along by a dc or an ac external potential. In addition, the walls of the channel interact with the particles via a ratchetlike periodic potential. We use dynamical density functional theory to compute the average particle current. In the case of dc drive, we show that as the attraction strength between the colloids is increased beyond a critical value, the stationary density distribution of the particles loses its stability leading to depinning and a time-dependent density profile. Attraction induced symmetry breaking gives rise to the coexistence of stable stationary density profiles with different spatial periods and time-periodic density profiles, each characterized by different values for the particle current.


Many researchers are attracted to Chitosan based blends due to its properties and potential applications in various fields. The advanced development of Chitosan blends integrates the science and technology of blended materials. The present experimentation is reporting the preparation of Chitosan and Agar-Agar blends (CCA) by chemical mixing of these materials at different compositions. The thermal studies of the prepared blends were studied by differential scanning colorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) tools. Thermal studies reveal that the lowest degradation temperatures of blends might be attributed to the partial miscibility of CAA blends at particular composition and miscibility due to single glass transition temperature (Tg) between Chitosan and Agar-agar. Bonding nature of sample blends were carried out by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) instrumentation. This study reveals the interaction between Chitosan and Agar-agar is partial miscibility. Morphological study reveals that a few aggregated particles, which suggest the partial miscibility of CAA blends. Homogeneity of blend compositions and specific intermolecular interactions of hydrogen bonding type is also observed.


Abstract The contribution reviews current technologies for the measurement of performance in athletes during stationary exercise and validates the technology utilizing accelerometry. The behaviours of force during the bench press exercise on a stable and unstable base are reviewed and the results are presented. It was found that, training on an unstable base can be exploited by athletes to maximize their performance.


Cotton root spatial distribution was studied in 3 kinds of water regimes: conventional furrow irrigation (CI), winter storage irrigation plus drip irrigation (SCI) and drip irrigation (without winter storage irrigation, DI). Results showed that compared with CI and SCI treatments, the amount of root and root/canopy ratio in DI treatment was small, root depth was lower but the amount of fibre roots was larger and root development process was earlier than SCI and CI treatments. Drip irrigation induced more amount of root growing in upper part of soil, especially in DI treatment. The amount of root growing under film was larger than that growing under bare land. The amount of root growing in narrow cotton rows of DI treatment was larger than total amount of root growing in wide cotton rows and bare land whereas due to moisture, nutrition and spatial competitions among roots in narrow cotton rows, the amount of root growing undernarrow cotton rows was smaller than the total amount of root growing in wide cotton rows and bare land in SCI and CI treatments. The weight of boll and boll loading of DI treatment were much higher than other 2 treatments during blooming boll period, showed drip irrigation promoted cotton growth process and had superiority of increasing cotton yield.


This book written by garden designer John Brookes and interior specialist Eluned Price, brings house and garden together in one treatment and describes in detail how to design your house and garden so that they match each other in terms of style. Each case study has been specially chosen to illustrate a particular style, be it classical, modern, town, cottage or country. Properties range from a city loft and neo-classical villa to a country retreat and minimalist conversion, but always house and garden have been conceived as one design. There is also a look at the development of integrated style over the centuries and a practical section which looks at the elements that help to create a unified look, from walls and windows, flooring and furnishings,to terraces, pergolas, conservatories and sunrooms.


PurposeThis study attempts to ascertain how behavioral intention and word-of-mouth communication is affected by belonging, attitude toward behavior and subjective norm found in the theory of reasoned action. The research universe consists of customers visiting local restaurants operating in Afyonkarahisar.Design/methodology/approachThe survey technique was used to collect data from customers visiting local restaurants between 05 September and 05 November 2022, using the convenience sampling method. The acquired data (n = 385) were analyzed using the structural equation model and the SmartPLS statistical tool.FindingsThe study findings indicate that behavioral intention is positively and significantly influenced by behavioral attitude, subjective norm and behavioral norm, but not by belonging. However, behavioral intention significantly and favorably influences word-of-mouth. When the indirect effect of study findings was analyzed, it was showcased that behavioral intention and attitude indirectly influence subjective norm and word-of-mouth communication, but belonging has no such effect.Practical implicationsThe results suggest that businesses should focus on using local products as customers have a positive attitude toward them and provide customers with a sense of belonging to increase word-of-mouth communication. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of subjective norms in shaping customers' intentions and behavior toward local products.Originality/valueThe contribution of this article is valuable in terms of meeting this quest of visitors who have the motivation to introduce and experience the local culture, especially the Reasoned Action Theory of Word-of-Mouth communication approach of the customers, who play an essential role in the promotion and marketing of local restaurants selling local products, and to make a difference in their travels. Findings indicate that businesses should use local products, and customers need a sense of belonging. However, there is a subjective norm and attitude toward local products, and they should provide the necessary tendencies to gain a sense of belonging.


The pandemic caused by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), also known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), is believed to be one of the greatest threats to global health in the 21st century. Recent collective evidence has warranted Ruxolitinib as a potential agent in recovery. Ruxolitinib is a potent and selective inhibitor of Jack kinase (JAK) 1 and 2 with modest to marked selectivity against tyrosine kinase two and JAK3.

The review aims to outline the current evidence regarding the repurposed treatment for COVID- 19 and give insight into the clinical trials. There has been considerable interest in introducing existing therapeutic agents against COVID-19 to reduce the severity of illness and ease the burden on public healthcare systems. Method: A literature search was conducted using keywords like 'Ruxolitinib trial' and 'COVID-19 Ruxolitinib' on PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Cochrane databases to select research papers and articles on the topic published from January to October 2020. Inclusion criteria were restricted to articles on Ruxolitinib and COVID. In contrast, the exclusion criteria stipulated that any study done on COVID-19 involving a mixed treatment regimen with Ruxolitinib and other drug/s or any studies not pertinent to the purpose of the study would be omitted.

Based on the successful outcomes of various researches conducted and clinical trials performed, the use of Ruxolitinib has shown significant improvement and faster clinical recovery among COVID-19 patients of varying severity of infection, advanced age, and multiple comorbidities. This review provides an overview of various such studies with their promising outcomes.


KHDLPRIWKLVVWXG\�LVWR�oQGRXWWKH� expectations of the pre-graduate medicine interns from the Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Xochimilco with respect to the medicine internship, to what actually happened at the beginning of it, the last phase before going to social service. Answers from 30 interns to the questions of what they expected from the internship before entering, what their main uneasiness was before entering, how their initial stage had been in contrast with what they expected, were DQDO\)HG��7KHPDLQ�oQGLQJVZHUH��DIHHOLQJRI� satisfaction of having reached this stage, as


The purpose of this study was to determine the practicality of quick-frozen, fresh and canned vegetables in quantity feeding operations of a college residence hall cafeteria.


Clinical manifestations of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection can include fever and rash. However, characteristic features of the rash caused by ZIKV are not


The corrosion rate of mild steel in 2.0M H 2 SO 4 containing 10% EtOH in absence and presence 0.1M halides was studied by both hydrogen evolution and mass loss methods. The obtained results showed that the rate of corrosion was increased with the increase of temperature . The activation parameters for mild steel corrosion in 2.0M H2SO4 in absence and presence 0.1 M Cl - & Br - show that the presence of Cl- or Br- in the corrosive medium leads to a decrease in the ΔE app, ΔH± and ΔS± values than that of acid solutions which means that these ions becomes more effective as the temperature increases and corrosion inhibition is found . The studied compounds are found to accelerate the corrosion of mild steel at 200C then at 300C, the inhibition of corrosion is increased then a decrease in the inhibition of corrosion or acceleration at 50 to 60 0 C in compounds A, B and C is found, which indicates that these compounds are physically adsorbed on the mild steel surface and it also indicated that the inhibited film formed on the metal surface most probably destroyed with faster rates at high temperatures. Corrosion inhibition by studied compounds in presence 0.1M Cl - or Br at different temperatures shows that corrosion of mild steel largely decreases with rising temperature this was explained to be that the halides are chemically adsorbed on steel surface and a co-adsorption of the studied compounds (A-C) is occurred.


The clinical steroidal selective estrogen receptor (ER) degrader (SERD), fUlvestrant, is effective in metastatic breast cancer, but limited by poor pharmacokinetics, prompting the development of orally bioavailable, nonsteroidal SERDs, currently in clinical trials. These trials address local breast cancer as well as peripheral metastases, but patients with brain metastases are generally excluded because of the lack of blood–brain barrier penetration. A novel family of benzothiophene SERDs with a basic amino side arm (B-SERDs) was synthesized. Proteasomal degradation of ERα was induced by B-SERDs that achieved the objectives of oral and brain bioavailability, while maintaining high affinity binding to ERα and both potency and efficacy comparable to fulvestrant in cell lines resistant to endocrine therapy or bearing ESR1 mutations. A novel 3-oxyazetidine side chain was designed, leading to 37d, a B-SERD that caused endocrine-resistant ER+ tumors to regress in a mouse orthotopic xenograft model. Corresponding Author: email@example.com. Phone: 312-355-5282. ⊥Author Contributions Y.L. and L.G. contributed equally. The manuscript was written and the research directed by G.T. Drug design and synthesis was directed by R.X. and synthesis performed by Y.L. Cell culture bioassays were designed and data collected by L.G. who assisted in writing. Intermediate synthesis, scale-up, synthetic optimization, and purification was supported by Y.L., C.R., M.H., Z.S., J.G.-B. Cell line and bioassay development was led by J.Z. and D.T. PK was run by Y.W. and K.D. Biological support was provided by O.D., H.Z., S.L. and F.H. Intact mouse immunoassays were performed by A.L., H.C., and D.H. All authors have given approval to the final version of the manuscript. ASSOCIATED CONTENT Supporting Information The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01580. Molecular formula strings, effect of 30o treatment on the ER level. , representative western blot, PK profiles for 37d., ER isoform binding specificity, molecular orbital calculations, final compound spectra, final compound purity, and PDB: 1R5K, 5ACC, 5UFX (PDF) Molecular formula strings (CSV) The authors declare no competing financial interest. HHS Public Access Author manuscript J Med Chem. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2020 December 26. Published in final edited form as: J Med Chem. 2019 December 26; 62(24): 11301–11323. doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01580. A uhor M anscript


ABSTRACT Geoffrey Chaucer's Pardoner's Prologue and Tale offers a rich case study of the dynamic materiality of food and its relation to literary practice. A particularly complex version of what Jane Bennett describes as "edible matter," spices challenge our assumptions about material passivity, both because of their well-documented allure and because of their charismatic but finally insubstantial quality as a foodstuff. Typically ground, sieved, and combined with other ingredients in such a way that their tangible material substance virtually disappeared, their presence was known only by the traces of flavor, aroma, and color that they imparted. Spices thus model a recombinative materiality that was attractive to Chaucer precisely because spice can do what rhetorical and literary language can do: it can color, it can add flavor, it can obscure, it can augment, it can make one thing appear to be another thing.


Aqueous extracts of leaves of Cissus quadrangularis, Eclipta alba, Chrozophora rottleri and flowers of Luffa acutangula were investigated for anthelmintic property against Pheritima posthuma (Indian Earth worm). Different concentrations (25, 50 and 100 mg/ml) of each plants aqueous extracts were studied in a bioassay, which involved the determination of time of paralysis and time of death of the worms. Piperazine citrate (10 mg/ml) was used as a standard reference drug. All the aqueous extracts of the three plants exhibited significantly anthelmintic activity against Pheritima Posthuma, but flowers of Luffa Acutangula demonstrated the best anthelmintic activity in both the parameters.


People belonging to the Scheduled Castes have had a long history of being discriminated against, exploited and placed at the bottom of caste society. After the enactment of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment, measures such as quota within ordinary seats in the Panchayats as well as among the office-bearers have been introduced to overcome indignities endured through history by members of the Scheduled Castes. Notwithstanding these reservations, there is still strong resistance among those of higher castes (just above that of the Scheduled Castes in many cases), who have not been enthusiastic about reservations of the post of Panchayat president for Scheduled Caste people. What needs to be seen is whether the people of Scheduled Castes are able to participate, or whether they have been prevented from doing so, by the castes that are higher to them, as well as those that are dominant in the area of the Grama Panchayats. This article discusses certain issues that are related to the participation of Scheduled Castes in the Panchayats of Karnataka.


It is alleged that obesity is a risk factor in the occurrence of thrombophlebitis. It is the purpose of this investigation to study that inter-relationship. One hundred consecutive patients (21 male, 79 female) with an average age of 34 years were the subjects for this study. All patients were candidates for surgical intervention (gastric bypass procedure) because of obesity with minimum of 100 lbs over predicted weight. The mean weight was 279.2 lbs with a range of 191 - 500 lbs. The mean body mass index was 48 (weight kg/ (height cm)2). The incidence of deep vein thrombophlebitis by history was 3/100. The history of documented thromboembolism was zero. The incidence of post-operative clinical deep vein thrombophlebitis was zero. The incidence of postoperative thromboembolism was 3/100 (3.0%). None of these patients had a history of deep vein thrombophlebitis. The diagnosis of thromboembolism was confirmed by ventilation-perfusion scan. The mortality rate secondary to thromboembolism was 1/100 (1.0%). Obesity is not a risk factor in the occurrence of postoperative deep vein thrombophlebitis and thromboembolism. The various prophylactic medications and therapies for this group of patients may be an inappropriate risk, an undue cost and un-necessary discomfort.


Drivers failing to take effective deceleration measures when driving to the sections before tunnel entrances in freeway is an important cause of freeway accident. Scientific and reasonable designing of deceleration markings (DM) can effectively force drivers to slow down smoothly. In this paper, traffic simulation software UC-win/Road is used to build a mountain freeway scenario and 13 tunnels with different distances were set up in the scenario. On the sections before each tunnel entrance, 12 kinds of DM with different colors, shapes and parameters were set, as well as the section before first tunnel entrance without DM. The section without deceleration markings and a section of simulated interval speed measurement (SISM) were used as the control group, and then the experiments were carried out based on a driving simulator. Through the analysis of the speed differences of the participators in the deceleration markings sections, the effect of different deceleration markings on the drivers' deceleration behavior was obtained. The results provide a reference for the scientific setting of the deceleration markings before the tunnel entrances, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of speeding traffic accidents in freeway.


A brief review for the applications of carbon nanotubes in electroanalytical chemistry has been presented in this paper. The main topics include the fabrication of various carbon nanotube-films on the surface of electrode and their applications.


Abstract Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the differences in selected clinical variables and self-image in people with alcohol dependence differing in severity of physical, emotional and sexual abuse experienced before age 18. Method: The study included 90 people with alcohol dependence. The following research tools were used: Early Trauma Inventory (ETI), Adjective Check List (ACL), MAST, SAAD, and a questionnaire designed by the authors. In order to identify groups with varying indices of physical, emotional and sexual childhood abuse, a cluster analysis method was used. Results: Two groups of subjects with alcohol dependence were identified: Group 1 with high indices of physical, emotional and sexual childhood abuse and Group 2 with low indices. In terms of self-image the subjects in Group 1 compared to subjects in Group 2 were characterized by a lower self-esteem, self-acceptance, resistance to stress, less intense needs for achievement, endurance, order, nurturing others, interaction with opposite-sex partners, subordinations but more intense need for change. The age of alcohol use initiation and the onset of regular alcohol drinking was statistically significantly lower in Group 1. The severity of alcohol dependence was significantly lower in Group 2. The subjects in Group 1 significantly more frequently confirmed the history of a hereditary predisposition to alcohol dependence, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and self-harm. Discussion: The obtained results closely correspond to the data available in the literature. Conclusions: An assessment of exposure to various forms of childhood abuse appears to be an indispensable element of collecting medical history of people with alcohol dependence.


The COVID-19 pandemic has made many changes that have occurred very quickly, making consumers change their behavior in determining the purchase of goods and services. The purpose of this study is to provide general information or representation about changes in consumer behavior, especially on the purchasing power of consumers during the COVID-19 pandemic  in order to meet their living needs. This study uses a literature study in which the researcher collects a number of books and magazines related to the problem and purpose of the study. Researchers also analyzed data available on internet portals regarding e-commerce transactions in Indonesia. The results showed that consumer purchasing power in the indicators of selecting types of goods and services through E-Commerce during the COVID-19 pandemic  was dominated by almost 50% by the food industry, the second is the personal need for hygienic such as masks, hand sanitizers, etc.  This change in purchasing power is illustrated by the increase in transactions in e-commerce during the COVID-19 pandemic.


From the Publisher:
A+ certification is one of the strongest areas in certification with over 350,000 certified technicians and it has become the baseline certification for anyone planning a career in IT. Michael Meyers, leading authority on A+ certification, has updated his bestselling A+ All-in-One Certification Exam Guide with a brand new pre-assessment exam that highlights necessary areas of study. Additionally, he has added detailed coverage of the adaptive format and strategies needed to pass.
Going above and beyond other exam guides, the All-In-One adds "historical" and "beyond-the-exam" sections in each chapter to assist the reader in understanding key concepts as well as real-life situations so readers not only pass the exam, but understand the technologies. Additionally, Mike Meyers includes:

* More than 1,000 illustrations make identifying key computer components a snap * Practice questions at the end of each chapter prepare readers for each subject area of the exam * Full All-in-One Practice Exam Software on CD-ROM with questions not found in the book * LearnKey training video on CD-ROM with Mike Meyers teaching A+ topics

About the Author: Michael Meyers (Houston, TX), A+, Network+, and MCSE, is the industry's leading authority on A+ certification. He is the president and founder of Total Seminars, LLC, a major provider of PC and network repair seminars for thousands of organizations throughout the world. Total Seminars is a member of CompTIA, the creator of A+ Certification.


Making use of a simple technique, a study has been made on a number of days spread over a period of 20 months during 1960-62, of the concentration of nitrate, chloride and sulphate particles in the atmosphere in ground air layers at Delhi. In general, nitrates or nitrate containing other salts (mixed nuclei) are found to predominate over both chlorides and sulphates. All the three components appear to have a common origin which is, perhaps, the sea. The concentrations are seen to decrease by about two orders of magnitude during winter and summer as compared to the monsoon season.


BACKGROUND
the clinicians rarely have to cope with diseases of nutritional origin and scarcely, although possible, vitamins alterations produce neurological symptoms.

OBJECTIVES
to show, based on two clinical cases, the neurological symptoms due to liposoluble vitamins alterations, focusing on vitamins E and A.

CONCLUSIONS
it is important to consider liposoluble vitamin alterations as a cause of neurological symptoms, despite their rarity, after rolling out the most probable entities.


TiO2 supported transition metal oxides were investigated for the direct decomposition of nitrogen oxides (NOx) at lower temperatures. The results showed that the catalytic performance strongly depends on the kind of transition metal oxide deposited on the TiO2. Among the various catalysts examined, Mn/TiO2 and Co/TiO2 exhibited relatively high NOx conversion at lower temperatures in the presence of 3 vol % O2. The oxygen in the reaction stream had a positive impact on the NOx decomposition over the Mn/TiO2 catalyst. We have not observed any TiO2 phase conversion from anatase to rutile in the Mn/TiO2 during the NOx decomposition reaction at different temperatures (100–350 °C). NOx decomposition activity was shown to be governed by the surface labile oxygen rather than the gas phase oxygen. The Mn/TiO2 catalyst exhibited a good resistance to 10 vol % H2O and 100 ppm of SO2.


When one of our leading constitutional historians takes on the doctrine of "original intent," there is reason for celebration, but also for alarm. On the one hand, it is good to see some serious scholarship in an area that has been marked by rhetoric. On the other, the very act of doing historical work on the question tends to legitimate it. Worse yet, there is the risk that incorrect conclusions will be drawn from the historical record and that the nature of historical inquiry itself will be transformed by the enterprise. Leonard Levy's The Establishment Clause displays both the promise and the problems of work of this type. The book offers important historical work on the religious practices in the states at the time of the Constitution's ratification, but the record Levy presents fails to support his position in the original intent debate. This debate, which is really two debates, questions whether the establishment clause should be interpreted today as it was understood at the time of the founding; and if so, whether the founders favored general, nondiscriminatory aid to religion. Without expressly taking a stand on the first question, Levy answers the second by arguing that nondiscriminatory aid for religion was not supported at the time the Bill of Rights was enacted. Yet, by grounding his arguments for a "no-aid" or separationist reading of the establishment clause on evidence from the time of the framers, Levy by implication takes a pro-original in-


Ionic conductivity measurements on a yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal/alumina composite subjected to superplastic deformation demonstrate anisotropic character. Parallel to the pressing direction, the grain-boundary resistance to oxygen ion mobility is 25% to 30% higher than that measured perpendicular to the pressing direction. The same directional dependency on the volume conductivity is observed but is less pronounced, showing approximately a 9% difference. Microstructural evidence reveals an agglomeration and elongation of alumina particles perpendicular to the pressing direction, and it is suggested that this phenomenon restricts the passage of ions parallel to the compression direction, giving rise to the anisotropic nature of the conductivity measurements.


The subject of the analysis in the article is the issue of hydropower development in Poland. The considerations concern legal regulations enabling the construction of hydropower plants. The article postulates the introduction of procedural facilitations in the development of small water and micro-installations (MEW).


Family members' life course tendencies to remain geographically close to each other or to migrate due to education or job opportunities have been studied relatively little. Here we investigate migration patterns of parents and their children between 19 administrative regions of Finland from 1970 to 2012. Using the FinnFamily register dataset of 60 000 index individuals and their family members, we investigate the patterns of regional migration and regional co-residence of parents and their children. Specifically, we analyse how likely it is for children to reside in the same region as their parents at any specific age, whether parents and children who live in different regions are likely to reunite, and whether siblings function as regional attractors to each other. Results show an intense regional migration of people to the capital area. The migration propensity of individuals is high in early childhood and peaks in early adulthood. About two thirds of Finnish children live in the same region as their parents throughout their adult lives. Females show higher propensity to migrate than males, since daughters move away from their parents earlier and with a higher rate than sons do. The propensity for two full sibling brothers to be in the same region is higher than that for other types of sibling dyads. We conclude that family members serve as important geographical attractors to each other through the life course and that family attraction is stronger for sons and brothers than for daughters and sisters in contemporary Finland.


A system of two elliptic equations with discontinuous nonlinearities and homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions is studied. Existence theorems for strong and semiregular solutions are deduced using a variational method. A strong solution is called semiregular if the set on which the values of the solution are points of discontinuity of the nonlinearity with respect to the phase variable has measure zero. Classes of nonlinearities are distinguished for which the assumptions of the theorems established here hold. The variational approach in this paper is based on the concept of a quasipotential operator, by contrast with the traditional approach, which uses the generalized Clark gradient. Bibliography: 22 titles.


Attribute reduction of Rough set was analyzed,and a new reduction algorithm was proposed particularly for inconsistent decision table.First,algorithm eliminated the inconsistency of the decision table based on the equivalence class.Then the traditional algorithms were used for reduction,and examples proved the feasibility of the algorithms.


Objective:To investigate the cooling water and condensate water of about 80 public places(including hotels,metros,playing field and exhibition hall) in Guangzhou during 2009-2010.Methods:Based on "Hygienic practices for air conditioning ventilation systems in public places"(2006),Legionella in water samples was tested.Results:In 2009,158 water samples were detected,the positive rate of cooling water was 42.24%,the positive rate of condensate water was 4.73%;In 2010,168 water samples were detected,the positive rate of cooling water was 31.53%,the positive rate of condensate water was 1.75%;The serum types were mainly Lp1 and Lp4.The difference of the positive rates between two years was statistically significant.The Legionella pneumophila positive rates in cooling water of the hotels and metro were higher than others,the rates were 34.21% and 53.28%.The Legionella pneumophila positive rate in cooling water in winter and spring was lower than that in summer and autumn,the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion:The Legionella contamination condition in cooling water and condensate water of the central air-conditioning in public places was not optimistic,especially in the metro and hotels.


View of the Tower of the Captive in Granada, Spain. Part of the surrounding landscape is visible. Original resource is a black and white photograph.


During 2004-2016, the market for crude oil had shown a dramatic price fluctuation which cannot be sufficiently explained by only supply and demand analysis. For instance, speculation in the futures market became the other plausible factor which contributes to the volatility of oil price changes. In this paper, we propose the non-commercial traders' net long position of light sweet crude oil in NYMEX as the proxy to capture the speculative behavior in the futures market and employ a Sign Restricted SFAVAR model to evaluate the effect of speculation on oil price changes. The conclusion implies that taking speculation into account in the analysis of oil price changes is pertinent and will benefit the forecast of oil price.


A frame arrangement for a vehicle includes a door sill, which is elongated along an axis and a tubular cavity defined, which is elongated along the axis. The vehicle frame assembly includes a sealed pressure insert, which is disposed in the cavity and elongated along the axis. The sealed pressure insert increases the rigidity of the side sill, that reduces the likelihood of deformation of the side sill during a crash of the vehicle such as a side impact.


The production of detergents or lubricating soaps utilizing «Flash Reactors» is very useful because of the versatility that consents a large choice of raw materials texture of the products, according to the flexibility of the operational conditions. In effect it is possible to act on the various points of the reactors by introducing reagents or inert materials or reducing efficient heat exchanges. The principle on which the «Flash Reactors» is operating is the formation of very thin layers of intimate mixtures of the reagents that consents faster reaction conditions; the heat exchange consented by the distribution of the reacting material is another agent of influence on the reaction speed


According to the developing requirement of polyalkylene glycol lubricating oil,a new EP/AW additive containing S-P-N titled RHY319 was synthesized in laboratory.Its tribological performance in base oil with different mass fractions and loads was evaluated on a four-ball tester,then the mechanism of additives was discussed by means of 3DOptical Profiler and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer(XPS).Results showed that RHY319 possesses excellent extreme pressure,antiwear and anticorrosion properties in polyalkylene glycol.The KGH type polyalkylene glycol lubricating oil used RHY319 as main EP/AW additive can fully satisfy the index requirements.


Epidural anesthesia, or epidural analgesia, is by definition the result of the introduction of a local anesthetic agent in to the epidural space. This space, as we know, is the portion of the vertebral canal not occupied by the dura mater and its contents; it surrounds the meninges, and ends superiorily, at the foramen magnum; below, it communicates with the caudal canal. Laterally, it communicates with the intervertebral foramina, through which the peridural tissue is continuous with the paravertebral tissue, along the pathways of the spinal roots. Posteriorly, the epidural space is limited by the ligamentum flavum and the vertebral laminae. When the solution of the local anesthetic agent is placed in this space, it comes into contact with the anterior and posterior spinal roots; as it spreads laterally through the intervertebral foramina, it blocks the rami communicantes of the sympathetic system, giving a block similar to that of spinal anesthesia, in the segments infiltrated with the anesthetic solution. The use of conduction anesthesia in obstetrics was popularized by HINGSON, who developed his technique of caudal (single-shot) and continuous caudal anesthesia, by means of the flexible needle or a plastic catheter placed through the sacral hiatus. We used that technique back in 1948, and then encountering occasional cases in which the anatomical landmarks were difficult to obtain, which resulted in failures because of improper placement of the needles, we used the saddleblock technique of spinal anesthesia, with fine needles # 24 at first, then # 26, and lately with a # 28 gauge needle, reducing almost to a minimum the complications (headache) of the spinal tap, as we used finer needles that left very small openings in the dura. Even when we paid close attention to the technique and tried to localize the anesthetic to the lumbar and sacral areas, by the use of a hyperbaric anesthetic agent, a spread of the block was sometimes present, with resultant diminution of the strength of the uterine contractions, and consequent alterations in the dynamics of labor that caused complications leading to the increased need of mid-forceps delivery which displeased the obstetrician and reduced his enthusiasm for this type of anesthesia.


The Italian Foreign Policy Toward China During the Chinese Civil War Between Kuomintang and Comunists (1945-1949) - According to the author, after the Second World War, Italy was too weak to build an autonomous foreign policy in China or to influence the conflict between Communists and Nationalists. However, Italian diplomacy, especially the Italian ambassador in China Sergio Fenoaltea, tried to have his own vision of the Chinese Civil War and to take advantage of the weakness of Italy to establish a good relationship with the Kuomintang government: China was a great power, especially at the United Nations, and it could be very important for the future of Italy. Furthermore, Fenoaltea criticized Marshall's mediation between the Communists and the Nationalists along with the American endorsement of Jiang Jieshi. From the perspective of the Italian ambassador, the USA was not able to understand the situation in China or to support a really democratic force. Finally, Italian diplomats in China tried to be equidistant between the two parties acting during the Civil War to protect the little Italian community in China and to not impair the possibility of a pacific and positive relationship with the future winner of the Civil War. Key words: Italy-China relationship, Italian foreign policy, ambassador Fenoaltea, Chinese Civil War, international politics, Communists and Kuomintang.


Tethered space net robot (TSNR) has been proposed as a promising method for active space debris capturing and removal since space debris have posed a big threat to operational satellites and astronauts. After contacting the debris, the net cannot naturally wrap around the debris, especially when the debris does not contact the net in the center. Thus, it is worth investigating the net closing control of TSNR. Two requirements should be satisfied in the net closing control algorithm. First, the control algorithm should make the net close around the debris in a very short time to avoid the escape of the debris. Second, the control input should be continuous to avoid the oscillations of net tether caused by high-frequency control instructions. In this article, based on the two requirements, an impulsive adaptive super-twisting sliding mode control scheme is proposed to complete the net closing action. The control scheme can drive the state vectors convergence to the origin in a short time and keep it there thereafter. The numerical simulation results illustrate the efficiency of the proposed control algorithm, in which the two requirements are all satisfied.


Abstract. Introduction. Monosodium glutamate is widely used in the world as a dietary supplement for the commercial supply improving. Due to the enhanced taste, MSG has an aroma which is not typical of any food product. The aim of the study was to study the dynamics of structural changes in the pancreas in inducing artificial obesity with sodium glutamate. Materials and methods. The experiment was performed on 12 three-month-old white male rats of reproductive age, which for 8 weeks orally with a metal catheter was injected once a day dissolved in water lactose with drinking water in a ratio of 1: 1. Sodium glutamate was added to food once a day in the amount of 0.07 mg per 1 kg of body weight of rats. Morphologically examined connective tissue and cellular elements of the endocrine and exocrine parts, as well as the acinus of the pancreas. The results of the study were compared with those of 4 control animals of the appropriate age. Research results. As a result of morphological research it was established that under the conditions of ingestion of sodium glutamate and lactose in the pancreas in its exocrine and endocrine parts degenerative changes develop, which are detected in the 4th week of the experiment. Concludions. Based on the morphological study, it was found that after 1 week of daily intake of monosodium glutamate and lactose, the animals showed changes in the exocrine part of the pancreas, degenerative changes.


A new structure of integrated low-pass LC filter of DC-DC power converter is proposed in this paper. This filter consists in a circular planar coil enclosed between two ferrites substrates. Mn-Zn ferrite has been chosen because of its high permeability and permittivity. In this filter Mn-Zn substrates act not only as a magnetic core but also as a capacitor. In order to reduce the conduction losses in the part of the ferrite used as a capacitor, a particular topology using a blocking layer is proposed. A modelling of the dielectric behaviour of the materials has been performed and injected in a simulation in order to find the resulting LC filter performances and its power range of use. In order to increase the filter efficiency, different solutions have been explored. In particular the inter-turn gap evolution has been optimized to reduce the inter-turn losses. Regarding the bulk losses, BaTiO3 blocking layers have been added, either upon the ground or the conductor. In this last case a co-firing ferrite tape has been inserted between turns to increase the LC product. Finally the use of low losses Mn-Zn and BaTiO3 has been proposed and the final characteristics (both electrical and dimensional) of our filter have been compared toconventional ones.


In terms of a criterion of interpretation,Hong-Xingzu both pays attention to the text which he focuses on,and goes in for surpassing the original notes in practice;he both takes count of exegetical tradition and attaches importance to elucidating Yoshimasa;he finds the equilibrium point between his own mind and the meaning of texts,when he interprets Chu Ci in his woks—— Chu Ci Bu Zhu.Contrast of Chu Ci Zhang Ju and Chu Ci Ji Zhu,the interpretation of Chu Ci in Chu Ci Bu Zhu is a reasonable and effective interpretation.It has special value for learning.


Data is any type of stored digital information. Security is about to protection of assets. Network security involves covers a variety of computer networks, both public and private, that are used in everyday jobs. Cryptography is a concept to protect network and data transmission. Cryptography is a method of storing and transmitting data in a particular form. AES is one of the most powerful techniques. In this paper, we analyze and find an efficient encryption algorithm which takes less space, time and security among these encryption algorithms. These AES, Blowfish and Two fish algorithms are outlined.


Introduction 1. Dating orality, thinking balladry: of minstrels and milkmaids in 1771 2. How to do things with ballads: fieldwork and the archive in late-eighteenth-century Britain 3. Tuning the multi-media nation: minstrelsy of the Afro-Scottish border 4. How to do things with minstrels: poetry and historicity 5. Minstrelsy, or, Romantic poetry 6. Seven types of poetic authority circa 1800 7. British Romantic mediality and beyond: reflections on the fate of 'orality' Conclusion. Thirteen (or more) ways of looking at a black bird: or, poiesis unbound.


Hypoxic microenvironment is prominent in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, it is unclear whether ESCC becomes hypoxic when it remains in the mucosal layer or as it invades the submucosal layer. We aimed to investigate whether intramucosal (Tis‐T1a) or submucosal invasive (T1b) ESCC becomes hypoxic using endoscopic submucosal dissection samples.


This article analyzes the contribution made by Dave Ulrich to debates about the structure of HR departments. It reviews the main developments in his thinking, both before and after the original specification of the key components needed within an HR structure. It discusses associated concepts such as HR architecture and HR delivery models. It outlines some of the proposed mechanisms, and those components of the model that have been most strongly picked up by practice. Finally, it lays out the different ways in which the success of the model might be evaluated.


iii Contents v This report presents the findings of a national assessment of state and federal practices for classifying women offenders conducted under the National Institute of Correction's (NIC) Classification of Women Offenders Initiative. Information was collected from discussions on classification strategies with correctional administrators and representatives from classification and research offices throughout the 50 states and the Federal Bureau of Prisons, focus groups with staff and inmates, and ongoing work with agencies engaged in reforming the system. A detailed description was sought of current practices in use for women offenders. Respondents' perceptions of whether their systems " worked " for women and served as a tool for making custody, programming, and housing decisions were noted, and the extent to which agencies found the classification needs of women offenders to be different from men was explored. Finally, inquiries were made about the psychometric quality of current systems: What were the origins of the system? Was it developed with women offenders in mind, or was it designed for men and applied to women? Had the systems been validated for women offenders? These issues were framed by an emerging body of literature on women offenders. An overview of this literature revealed uncertainty about the purpose of objective classification systems for women in prisons. Authorities questioned whether women are as dangerous as men and whether they can be identified as custody or security risks by using the same variables as those used for men. Additional concerns faulted the lack of attention to women's unique needs, criticizing classification models for their inattention to relationship, abuse, mental health, and parenting issues. Earlier surveys of state and federal classification practices note that most classification systems for women were designed for men and applied to women, with no attention to whether the systems were valid for women offenders. This assessment sought to discuss these concerns with those who work with women offenders on a daily basis. Approach A number of the issues posed above were addressed through a telephone assessment of representatives from 50 state correctional agencies and the Federal Bureau of Prisons. The telephone discussions took place between February 29 and May 23, 2000. Thirty-three respondents were state directors of classification; five were administrators of women's facilities; four were research analysts; one was a clinical director; and eight were serving in some other administrative capacity. Consultant or researchers who had worked with the agencies were also …


The main objective of the present proposed work is to produce a composite material with enhanced mechanical properties than the existing natural composites. The existing material is produced by using cocous nucifera (Coir) & Agva sisalana (Sisal) fibers with epoxy as the matrix material, in which the fibers are chopped into small pieces and they are randomly oriented. Thus the properties in that composites are not even throughout the surface. In order to obtain similar properties throughout the material, woven fibers are being implemented. The concept of laminate composites are also implemented so as to improve the mechanical properties of the material. Hence, alternate layers of Coir & Sisal fibers are placed one over another to produce laminate composites (3 layers of Coir & 2 layers of Sisal). The fibers extracted are treated with NaOH to improve interfacial compatibility between the fibers and matrix and also to reduce the absorbing capacity of the natural fibers. Alkaline treatment also improves certain mechanical properties which is experimented by varying the parameters such as length of the fiber, volume of the fiber and time of alkaline treatment and the best possible combination of the parameters are found by Design of Experiment (DOE). As a result, combination of hybridization and alkaline treatment will improve the mechanical properties of natural fibers. It is identified that the major factors that influence the mechanical properties of the composites are the time for which alkaline treatment is done and the volume of the fiber used in the material. As a result, woven fiber laminate composites have more properties than that of randomly oriented composites.


The article highlights the experience of the organization of career guidance in Ukrainian and foreign medical institutions of higher education. Today dictates new realities for campaigning for attracting applicants to the medical profession and the choice of further specialization by medical students. Globalization and informatization offer new opportunities for universities to advertise their educational services. Among the main innovative technologies of career guidance, we note the following artificial intelligence algorithms, creation of a new type of informational content involving new information technologies and communications, active maintenance of pages in social networks, media advertising, targeted advertising, direct communication with mentors and administrators. The COVID-19 pandemic has made its adjustments, increasing the share of Internet resources as a format for career guidance both externally (schools, colleges) and internally (university departments and hospitals where they take internships). The article provides a comparative analysis and dynamics of the number of students over the past three years in different universities of Ukraine and different specialties. The aim of the work is to analyze the effectiveness of career guidance, taking into account the involvement of innovative technologies and predicting promising clusters of agitation in the medical university and students' choice of a particular specialty in the health care system. Active maintenance of popular among young people pages of medical specialties (medicine, medical psychology, dentistry) contributes to improved communication at the levels: applicant-university, student-university, master (bachelor) - employer. Information technology makes it possible to promptly deliver to applicants for higher education relevant information on the provisions of the admission campaign, the organization of the educational process and traditions of the university, the peculiarities of further employment. Also, the intelligence demonstrates the difference in approaches to the organization of the agitation cluster in Ukrainian universities and foreign universities.


This paper provides guidance for the design, fabrication, and installation of articulated concrete mat slope protection. Although articulated mat armor has been utilized for many years in low-energy wave environments, it has been extended recently to accommodate intermediate wave energies and severe ice loads. The development of the concept is discussed, after which hydraulic design considerations, material design considerations, and fabrication and installation techniques are presented. Prototype performance is reviewed. It is concluded that articulated concrete mat armor is capable of providing effective slope protection in intermediate-energy wave environments, and that additional research is required relating to hydraulic stability and failure modes under wave and ice loading.


An Experimental Study into the Etiological Factors in Osteochondritis Dissecans in the Canine Humeral Head using Overloading With and Without Somatotropin and Thyrotropin Hormone Treatment and Mechanical Trauma


Revision with unchanged content. Adolescent sexual behavior is at the forefront of social science research because it is central to a number of social and medical issues; it remains a major public concern. Underlying factors that influence adolescent sexual behavior are investigated within a sociological framework. Aspects of sexuality are explored through the application of self-control theory which posits that parents are responsible for development of self-control in their children, and that the level of self-control determines the propensity to engage in risk-related behavior. It is hypothesized that adolescent perceptions of parental warmth and control influence adolescent level of self-control; that level of self-control influences engagement in risk-taking behavior; and that risk-taking behavior influences whether or not adolescents feel they are at risk for acquiring STDs. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, this study employs structural equation modeling using LISREL. Results showed adolescent level of self-control influences risk-taking behavior, and that engagement in risk-taking behavior does influence adolescent perception of risk for acquiring STDs. The findings are of great value for primary and secondary educators, public officials and policy makers, guidance counselors, parents or other concerned family members, and even for adolescents.


European economic integration has made great achievements in economic and trading cooperation among the member states, along with which effective researches for law harmonization among the member states are also achieved. As a result, the economic integration has been strengthened by proposing the principles of solving legal conflicts, establishing special judicial procedures and rules which can exert constraints on all member states. The practice of the European economic integration has exercised great influence and impact on the traditional law institution and judicial system, which may be referential to the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement conducted by China's mainland, Hong Kong and Macao.


Abstract In order to improve weeding strategies in terms of pesticide reduction, spatial distribution and characterization of in-field weed populations are important. With recent improvements in image processing, many studies have focused on weed detection by vision techniques. However, weed identification still remains difficult because of outdoor scenic complexity and morphological variability of plants. A new method of weed leaf segmentation based on the use of deformable templates is proposed. This approach has the advantage of applying a priori knowledge to the object searched, improving the robustness of the segmentation stage. The principle consists of fitting a parametric model to the leaf outlines in the image, by minimizing an energy term related to internal constraints of the model and salient features of the image, such as the colour of the plant. This method showed promising results for one weed species, green foxtail (Setaria viridis). In particular, it was possible to characterize partially occluded leaves. This constitutes a first step towards a recognition system, based on leaf characteristics and their relative spatial position.


We show that information about quasimolecular electronic binding energies in transient atomic systems of $Z={Z}_{1}+{Z}_{2}$ up to 184 can be obtained from three sources: (1) the impact-parameter dependence of the ionization probability; (2) the ionization probability in head-on collisions as a function of total nuclear charge $Z$; (3) the delta-electron spectrum in coincidence with $K$-vacancy formation in asymmetric collisions. Experiments are proposed and discussed.


Without denying that constituency is important (Democratic scores ranged from 50 to 100 per cent, Republican scores from 0 to 67 per cent), it nevertheless seems plain that a median difference of over 70 per cent in "swing" districts is simply too great to justify considering constituency characteristics the foundation of inter-party differences. Or, to the extent that inter-party differences are thought to be rooted in constituency characteristics, attention needs to be given to the divergence as well as the convergence of interests in each district. Assumedly in a given Congressional district the coalition of groups that may elect a Democrat is quite unlike the coalition that may elect a Republican; and, to the extent that the two coalitions diverge, constituency factors are indistinguishable from the party factor. Froman does take note of the possibility that Democrats regard the support of liberal groups as essential while Republicans consider the support of conservative groups as vital. The proposition could be stated in a slightly different but equally plausible manner: the candidates of the more liberal party tend to be vic-


This study aims to identify the most important legislatures and legal frameworks pertaining to advertisement for children. It focuses on the western approach, which is characterized by the variety of its perspectives in presenting issues and in identifying problems. However, if studies show that there is a certain awareness about the advertisement impact on children, it is obvious that most of legislatures reject the laws restricting the broadcast advertising spots intended for children under 12 years of age, with the exception of the Swedish and the Canadian province of Quebec experiences, which opted for total ban on advertising spots broadcast messages targeting children.

The study concluded that most of the studied Western experiments adopt preventive legislative policies, which aim mainly to educate advertisement agencies and businesses owners about psychological, social, and health effects, as well as other damages caused by some advertisement and commercial messages, especially those related to child's health.


Plant factories using artificial light have received increasing attention in Japan as a means of restoring agriculture in the Fukushima region where agricultural lands were contaminated with radioactive materials owing to the 2011 nuclear accident. The government is currently promoting the use of plant factories in the region by which safe and fresh leafy vegetables can be produced indoors. However, the market share of vegetables produced at PFALs remains small and consumers often lack understanding of closed plant‐production systems. Thus, the image and understanding of plant factories and such products needs to be improved, but little is known about consumer perceptions toward them. This paper attempts to reveal the current consumer perception of vegetables grown in plant factories with artificial light by using a free word association method and to identify the factors contributing to an improvement in its image and understanding. Visitors to the Kyoei University campus festival in November 2014 were asked to complete a questionnaire survey and 230 valid responses were collected. The respondents were asked to write down anything that came to their minds when thinking of "vegetables grown with artificial light," "hydroponically grown vegetables," and "plant factories." The results show that many respondents had positive perceptions of vegetables produced at PFALs, such as "safe and reliable" and "stable supply," while the words "artificial light" and "plant factory" evoked negative images occasionally. Further, the results of a chi‐square test of independence indicate that the level of consumers' knowledge influences the formation of their attitude to vegetables produced at PFALs; specifically, prior knowledge of plant factories using artificial light can improve their perceptions. Tasting events, seminars, and advertising using mass media would thus become more important for the development of the plant factory industry and agricultural restoration in the areas affected by the disaster.


Redistribution layer (RDL) composing of polyimide (PI) dielectric layer and electro-chemical deposited (ECD) Cu trace is a critical part for wafer level packaging (WLP). One concern of this multi-layered film structure is the wafer warpage induced during the process, which poses threats to automatic handling, 3-D integration and device reliability. In this paper, the warpage origination during the WLP process was identified and analyzed by experiments and simulations. The wafer warpage evolution during the WLP process was measured by a Multi-beam Optical Sensor system. We found that the cure shrinkage of PI has little effect on the warpage, however, it is mainly caused by the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch between the deposited materials. The ECD Cu trace in RDL accounted for a substantial proportion to the total wafer warpage and lead to a hysteresis response during the thermal processes indicating plastic deformation has taken place. For in-depth understanding, the plastic behavior of ECD Cu film was investigated and the kinematic hardening plastic model was established. Finally, the stresses distribution in RDL structure was simulated by numerical method and the influence of ECD Cu trace pattern on the wafer warpage was evaluated.


Raindrop size distribution associated with tropical rainfall at Koto Tabang (KT) in West Sumatera of Indonesia have been measured by a two dimensional video disdrometer (2DVD) during March to May 2004. The Wadvogel No jump is clearly observed in some rain events at KT. However, single No-R relation based on No jump is not applicable to classify precipitation at KT. This finding may clarify the previous studies which stated that the diurnal and intraseasonal variation of DSD was clearly observed at KT. Therefore, a rain classification based on a simple threshold of rain rate is used as a preliminary method in this study. The intercept A of Z-R relation (Z = AR) found for KT precipitation in this study is smaller than those in previous studies of tropical precipitation in other climatic regions. Analysis of averaged DSD spectra for convective and stratiform rain shows that the precipitation at Koto Tabang is associated with many small drops in which stratiform DSD spectra is more concave-down than that of convective. Besides many small drops, there is also an increase in the number of large drops in convective, indicated by increasing Do. This result is consistent with the analysis of rain rate dependent of DSDs in which two parameters of both gamma and exponential distribution (No, ) decrease with increasing rain rate, indicating an increase of large drop in increasing rain rate as also shown from Do.


Effective cancer therapeutics often kill a large fraction of tumor cells, while sparing a small surviving population, which can resurface as future tumor recurrence. Mechanisms of resistance in these residual tumors may involve rare preexisting clones with mutations, as well as de novo development of resistance through various genetic and/or non-genetic processes. In the context of acute stress resulting from cancer therapeutics, the initial adaptation is essential for tumor cell survival and allows for subsequent development of resistance through additional genetic and non-genetic mechanisms. As an integrator of environmental signals and cellular response, the mTOR pathway is a critical driver of cellular adaptation to environmental changes. In particular, mTOR regulates embryonic diapause, a reversible dormancy state in mammalian development in response to unfavorable environments. Analogous to its role in regulating embryonic diapause, mTOR inhibition may induce a diapause-like state in cancer cells, leading to drug tolerance and persistence of residual tumors following therapy. In line with this notion, recent studies have reported markedly reduced mTOR activity in residual tumors. However, the causal relationship between mTOR inhibition and chemosensitivity has not been investigated. Through a genome-wide CRISPR knockout library screen in pancreatic cancer cells treated with chemotherapeutic agents, we have identified the mTOR pathway as a prominent determinant of chemosensitivity. Pharmacological suppression of mTOR activity in cancer cells from diverse tissue origins leads to the persistence of a reversibly resistant population, which is otherwise eliminated by chemotherapeutic agents. Conversely, activation of the mTOR pathway increases chemosensitivity and predicts better survival among various human cancers. Survival of the persisters is dependent on the regulation of autophagy, G2/M checkpoint, and cell death pathways, as revealed by a small-molecule chemical library screen. Thus, mTOR plays a causal yet paradoxical role in regulating chemotherapeutic response; inhibition of the mTOR pathway, while suppressing tumor expansion, facilitates the development of a reversible drug-tolerant persister state.
 Citation Format: Yuanhui Liu, Nancy Azizian, Delaney Sullivan, Yulin Li. mTOR inhibition attenuates chemosensitivity through induction of a persister state [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1692.


Abstract Carbon (14C) assimilation and the release of labeled dissolved organic carbon (DO14C) by Synura petersenii Korshikov (Chrysophyceae) were investigated at a range of irradiances (100–1260 μmol photons m−2 s−1) in axenic batch cultures. At up to 1260 μmol m−2 s−1, carbon assimilation was not saturated, although a 25% chlorophyll-a reduction in relation to the initial value at 1000 μmol m−2 s−1 and 28% at 1260 μmol m−2 s−1 was observed. The DO14C release was low at all irradiances investigated and dependent on carbon fixation; the highest release (4.8% of the total 14C assimilated) was observed at 1260 μmol m−2 s−1. In a second experiment, 14C assimilation by S. petersenii was measured at 130 μmol m−2 s−1. The subsequent loss of labeled particulate organic carbon (PO14C) and release of DO14C were determined during a 5-h period in which cells were incubated in nonlabeled medium at different irradiances. At 2000 μmol m−2 s−1 there was a 20.6% PO14C loss. The values of DO14C release were low for both 2...


This paper created a method to determinate selenium. Determinate selenium in Ganoderma Lucidum Spores Chaoweikang -xiyuanfen and Seleniu-enriched rice by Microwave Digestion HG-AFS method .The detection limit (DL) of the method is 3.0 ng ,the linear range is 0.01 μg-0.2 μg and the average recovery is 87.5%-101.2 % (n = 5).


The orthorhombic-tetragonal phase boundaries were determined for TmBa2Cu3Oy (TBC), GdBa2Cu3Oy (GBC) and SmBa2Cu3Oy (SBC) by means of high temperature (in situ) X-ray diffaction. To cover the wide temperature and compositin regions, two different methods previously reported in YBa2Cu3Oy (YBC) were employed. The results obtained for the TBC, GBC and SBC revealed the same characteristic in shape as that in the YBC: the phase boundary consisted of two curves being upwardly convex. The Rietveld refinement of phases appearing on the low temperature side was also made for the samples with various y's obtained by long-period annealing at low temperature. The percolation limit was confirmed to be located at the position proposed previously for these systems.


Variations in salinity and nitrogen concentration in the aquatic environment are among the observed effects of global climate change. They affect the structure of phytoplankton communities and the physiological state of algae and cyanobacteria. Results of laboratory studies of these effects are presented. A combination of Nonlinear Laser Fluorimetry (NLF) and Fluorescence Induction and Relaxation (FIRe) fluorimetry is used to evaluate the photophysical parameters of photosystem II and Chlorophyll a in native samples of the diatom algae Thalassiosira weissflogii, the zooxanthellae Symbiodium sp. CCMP 2467, and the cyanobacteria Synechococcus sp. CCMP 1379, grown under different salinity (40, 18, and 5 psu) and nitrogen concentration (normal, ×0.5, ×2). Cyanobacteria are shown to be most resistant to these variations, while zooxanthellae are the most sensitive species. This suggests that an effect of global climate change on the phytoplankton community might be the transformation of its structure towards an increasing role of cyanobacteria. Another alarming outlook is the negative impact of climate change on the physiological state of corals, which live in symbiotic relationship with zooxanthellae. This suggests that the reasons for the degradation of coral reefs are not entirely anthropogenic. It is suggested that coral reef monitoring of variations in the photophysical characteristics of zooxanthellae might be one of the most effective ways for detecting the influence of global climate change on marine biota in early stages. It is advisable to monitor coral reefs in the oceanic areas with lowest anthropogenic impact as "background stations" for climate change monitoring.


Bioluminescence is a unique and significant phenomenon in nature.
Bioluminescence is important for the lifecycle of some organisms and is valuable in biomedical
research, including for gene expression analysis and bioluminescence imaging technology. In recent
years, researchers have identified a number of methods for predicting bioluminescent proteins
(BLPs), which have increased in accuracy, but could be further improved.

In this study, a new bioluminescent proteins prediction method, based on a voting
algorithm, is proposed. Four methods of feature extraction based on the amino acid sequence were
used. 314 dimensional features in total were extracted from amino acid composition,
physicochemical properties and k-spacer amino acid pair composition. In order to obtain the highest
MCC value to establish the optimal prediction model, a voting algorithm was then used to build the
model. To create the best performing model, the selection of base classifiers and vote counting rules
are discussed.

The proposed model achieved 93.4% accuracy, 93.4% sensitivity and
91.7% specificity in the test set, which was better than any other method. A previous prediction of
bioluminescent proteins in three lineages was also improved using the model building method,
resulting in greatly improved accuracy.


We used the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) to study the mid-IR properties and investigate the energetics of 24 Submillimeter Galaxies (SMGs). This is the largest sample of SMGs observed with Spitzer IRS and covers the full extent of properties of the radio-identified population of SMGs in the redshift range of z ∼ 0.65–3.2. We observe broad emission features from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in more than 80% of our sample. We find that the median mid-IR spectrum is well described by a starburst component with an additional power law, Fν ∼ ν−2, likely representing a <32% contribution from an active galactic nucleus to the bolometric luminosity. Our results thus confirm that starburst activity dominates the bolometric luminosity in SMGs. We find that SMGs show weaker silicate absorption at ∼9.7 μm than local ULIRGs. We also find stronger 6.2-μm PAH emission in SMGs (relative to the 7.7 μm PAH feature) than in local nuclear starbursts, which may be attributed to lower extinction by ice along the line of sight to SMGs. This suggests that the continuum and PAH emitting regions of SMGs are less obscured than in local starbursts and similarly luminous low-redshift ULIRGs. We interpret these results as evidence for a more extended distribution of cool and warm dust in SMGs compared to the more compact emitting regions in local ULIRGs and starbursts. Together these results suggest that SMGs are not simple high-redshift analogs of nuclear starbursts or local ULIRGs, but instead they appear to have star formation which resembles that seen in less-extreme star-forming environments at z ∼ 0–suggesting their intense activity is distributed across a far larger region than the ∼1 kpc nuclear bursts in local ULIRGs.


Give and take : Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC)-based donor– acceptor dyads were synthesized with three different acceptor units, 9,10-anthraquinone (AQ), naphthalene-1,8-dicarboximide (NMI), and perylene-3,4-dicarboximide (PMI). The three HBC–acceptor dyads demonstrated varying degrees of intramolecular charge-transfer interactions, allowing tuning of their photophysical and optoelectronic properties. Chem. Asian J. DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600638


The aim of present study is providing an explanation of the roles that different aspects of the science nature play in teaching science. Through a holistic attitude according to complexity theory, it is argued that raising philosophical questions in history, sociology, and psychology helps in clarifying the nature of science. According to the findings, there is a need for a revision in the inductive insights and a focus on the constructivist dimension in teaching. Thinking about the history of science would facilitate understanding science in the context of history. The sociological implication of the science indicates to the significance share of scientists in social development,and the interaction between scientists and other social agents such as philosophers and artists. Philosophizing in the field of psychology reveals that encouraging the students to think about science freely and based on the aesthetic and metaphysical inclinations could provide the chances for the development of new ideas in the learners. Finally, developing a holistic view in the learners is important.


Objective To understand the breast cancer mortality and its trend in females in Ningbo,and provide a scientific evidence for breast cancer prevention and control.Methods The data of death caused by breast cancer in females in Ningbo from 2002 to 2010 were collected to calculate the crude mortality,standardized mortality and age specific mortality.Results The crude mortality of breast cancer in females in Ningbo during this period was 7.59/lakh.The standardized mortality was 4.51/lakh calculated by using China standard population in 1990.The standard mortality showed no decline trend during this period.Two mortality peaks were found in age groups ≥55 years and ≥85 years.The difference in mortality between urban area and rural area had no statistical significance.Conclusion The mortality of breast cancer in females was low in Ningbo compared with other regions.Breast cancer is one of the most serious malignancies among Chinese women.It is necessary to promote healthy lifestyle and conduct the early detection and treatment of breast cancer.


The high utilization level of emergency departments in hospitals across the United States has resulted in the serious and persistent problem of ambulance diversion. This problem is magnified by the cascading effect it has on neighboring hospitals, delays in emergency care, and the potential for patients' clinical deterioration. We provide a predictive tool that would give advance warning to hospitals of the impending likelihood of diversion. We hope that with a predictive instrument, such as the one described in this article, hospitals can take preventive or mitigating actions. The proposed model, which uses logistic and multinomial regression, is evaluated using real data from the Emergency Management System (EM Systems) and 911 call data from Firstwatch® for the Metropolitan Ambulance Services Trust (MAST) of Kansas City, Missouri. The information in these systems that was significant in predicting diversion includes recent 911 calls, season, day of the week, and time of day. The model illustrates the feasibility of predicting the probability of impending diversion using available information. We strongly recommend that other locations, nationwide and abroad, develop and use similar models for predicting diversion.


The problem and the aim of the study. The use of innovative technologies for the development of basic personal qualities and supra-subject competencies is a priority direction for the development of the international educational environment. Web-quest is one of the applications of the gamification technology in didactics. The authors suggest that when designing a web-quest, special attention should be paid to working with the formulation of the web-quest plot as an important factor in the formation of universal competencies of undergraduates. Research methods. To determine the sequence of training actions in the development of the plot, the principles of designing the game environment of the quest, the measurement procedures, the system-activity and competence approaches were used. The experiment involved 20 students of Vyatka State University (50% boys and 50% girls) in the specialty 44.04.01 Teacher education. Informatization of education (Master's degree level). Triggers, macros, and hyperlinks are used to implement transitions. The web quest is hosted on the OneDrive. Statistical methods: G-sign test, multiple correlation analysis. Results. During the experiment undergraduates learned to identify and design the elements of the plot; to arrange events in a chronological order of presentation; to establish a logical connection between the facts; to transform the plot into a storyline and back. The empirical value of Gemp=2<Gcr=3 (for p=0.01) obtained in the estimation procedure proves that the changes in the system are not random. The coefficient (0<R1,2,3...N=0.86<1) is calculated, confirming the positive correlation of universal competencies with undergraduates performance. The evaluation of its statistical significance was done (Femp0.01=14.47>Fcrit0.01=5.29). In conclusion we summarize the problems connected with the development on the plot of the web-quest (presentation of facts in chronological order, author's detachment, etc.) and offer recommendations for their resolution: graphic and verbal visualization, numbering of events, the use of well-known literary plots.


Abstract For Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) the spiritual cosmos contained the Heavens, Earth and Hell, and it was compatible with the physical cosmos known from Aristotle (384-322 B.C.). Dante's many references in his Divine Comedy to physical and astronomical subjects show that he wanted to treat these issues absolutely correctly. Tycho Brahe proves three hundred years later by his observations of the Stella Nova in 1572 and of comets that the spheres of heavens did not really exist. It has ever since become more and more difficult to reconcile the ancient ideas of a unified cosmos with the increasing knowledge about the physical universe. Ptolemaios derived a radius of 20 000 Earth radii for the sphere of fixed stars. This radius of the visible cosmos at that time happens to be nearly equal to the true distance of the Sun, or 14 micro-light-years. Today the radius of the visible universe is a million billion (1015) times larger than Tycho Brahe believed. The lecture gave an overview of astronomical distances and their dramatic change during two and a half millennia, the following text is an extract hereof.


A self-limited rupture of a five month old saphenous vein bypass graft occurred during coronary angioplasty when the balloon used to stretch the vessel proved to be too large. A lack of fibrous tissue in the new graft may have predisposed it to rupture.


Introduction
 Sickle cell disease (SCD) associated pain is a significant health care issue in the United States which prompts physicians to prescribe opioids to help treat and prevent the recurrent acute painful episodes. Despite nationwide efforts to reduce narcotic pain medication usage, opioids still remain as the mainstay of pain management in SCD. Many SCD patients are using marijuana to help with their pain, anxiety, appetite, mood and sleep as per recent studies. Cannabinoids in marijuana interact with the body's endocannabinoid system which has receptors in almost every major bodily system. The effect of cannabinoids on these receptors reduces the signaling of inflammatory responses and also reduce cytokine production. Very few states have approved SCD as a qualifying condition for medical marijuana. But we are still unsure about the medical benefits of marijuana in SCD patients as there are very limited studies done so far. In our study, we sought to examine the characteristics and complications of marijuana usage in sickle cell patients.
 Methods
 The National Inpatient Sample database for the year 2016 was used to identify admissions with a primary diagnosis of SCD and we grouped patients into those who have a diagnosis of cannabis related disorders (CRD) and those who do not have the diagnosis. ICD- 10 codes are used for identifying the SCD patients and also for CRD. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA and univariate and multivariate analysis were performed. The outcomes that are studied included mortality, length and cost of stay, hospital regions and the association of marijuana use with anxiety, mood disorders. We also studied the association of marijuana with the complications of SCD such as sickle cell pain crisis, vaso occlusive crisis, acute chest syndrome, splenic sequestration, avascular necrosis.
 Results
 A total of 37,307 admissions with a principal diagnosis of SCD were identified, out of which 4.09% (N= 1526) had cannabis use disorders. The median age of patients with CRD was found to be 31.21 ± 0.3 when compared to 30.67 ± 0.09 in patients without CRD. Even though SCD admissions were more commonly seen in females when compared to males (61.78% vs 38.22%), cannabis use was seen more associated with males (57.97% vs 42.03%). The in-hospital mortality of SCD was less (0.56%) as compared to the mortality rates of other hematological malignancies. The association of cannabis use with in-hospital mortality was found to be not statistically significant. Also, the median length of stay was less in patients with CRD when compared to patients without CRD (4.88 ± 0.2 vs 5.11 ± 0.03) and also likewise cost of stay. Based on the hospital regions in the US, Cannabis use in SCD was seen more prevalent in South region (44%), then Midwest or north-central (26%), northeast (19%), west (10%) and the result was statistically significant (p= 0.003). The association of cannabis use was not found to be statistically significant with acute chest syndrome and splenic sequestration. Cannabis use was, however, found to be associated with the vaso occlusive crisis and avascular necrosis (OR=1.02, p=0.003 and OR= 1.14, 0.022 respectively) even though we cannot say that cannabis use could be a risk factor as there are other confounding factors like coagulopathy, chronic debilitating conditions. Interestingly, SCD patients with CRD have more risk of developing anxiety (OR= 2.32, p=0.000) and also mood disorders (OR= 2.5, p= 0.001) when compared to SCD patients without CRD. The difference persisted after adjusting for age, gender, race, co-morbidities.
 Conclusion
 Marijuana use is more seen in the southern and north-central regions in patients with SCD. Marijuana use was not found to be associated with in-hospital mortality in sickle cell patients. SCD patients are using marijuana mainly for alleviating their pain and sometimes for its euphoria effect. Our study showed that it can cause anxiety and mood disorders. The main limitation of our study was the moderate sample size for SCD patients with CRD. The impact and interaction between CRD and SCD complications need to be evaluated separately in a larger study to get accurate values. Large randomized control trials have to be done to assess if SCD qualifies for prescription of medical marijuana as it possesses benefits as well as risks.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The crystal structure of N,N-dimethylaminotriphenylphosphonium tribromide (3) was studied by X-ray diffraction analysis. Crystals are monoclinic, space group P21/c, a= 9.921(2), b= 15.426(5), c= 14.048(1)A, β= 90.54(1)° and Z= 4. The P–N bond length is rather short, 1.63 A, and the arrangement of bonds around nitrogen is planar. These results, compared with previous reports on analogous compounds support the idea of a strong π character of the [graphic omitted]–N bond.


The modeling of lakes, rivers, and estuaries is a fascinating subject that combines interesting facets of mathematics, statistics, physics, chemistry, and biology. Because of the complexity of natural systems, such modeling is always an approximation of the real world—and sometimes not a very good one. It is for this reason that modeling is not just science but also art. It is also for this reason that there are few good texts offering practical advice on modeling.


Congestion, granular platelet debris both within macrophage and extracellularly, and neutrophil infiltration in the spleen of a baboon that was euthanized with profound thrombocytopenia.


Lengshui area molybdenum tungsten lead zinc mine field,Henan Province,located at the junction of the South Margin of the North China Platform with the Qinling Tectonic Belt where is the most important ore-forming area for molybdenum,tungsten,lead,zinc polymetallic ore deposits.It has been proved that a cluster of magmatic bodies intruded below the Lengshui area.Porphyry formed in early faults,which extend approximately East-West or North-South direction and the Groups of magma intrusion and deposit with large scale occurs at the junctions of the two faults.Small magmatic intrusions and subeconomic deposits occur in other places.Ore-forming series can be divided into the porphyritic type,skarn type and thermal-filled type deposits.Zonal characteristics of these three type deposits are distinct in spaces and formed in a good order.Therefore,this mining-area also has a beneficial prospect to mining.


Middleware for mobile devices, embedded middleware, is used for mobile devices, cellular phone and DMB related services. It is essential for middleware providers to provide high quality middleware in conformity with its standard and interoperability on hardware platforms. The standard conformance and interoperability of embedded middleware are the key factors to make service providers succeed in their business. The quality of embedded middleware could be secured when Tests for the standard conformance and interoperability of embedded middleware are performed with well established test framework. In this paper, we describe middleware testing methodology of standard conformance, interoperability and middleware test framework for mobile devices.


What should carers and parents do when a child has a high temperature, especially amid Covid concerns, asks Meredith Jones Russell


Ordinarily Protland concrete(OPC),high strength concrete(HSC)and high performance concrete(HPC)were prepared to accommodate the Qinghai salt lake environment.And durability experiments under bitter bittern attack and bittern drywet cycling were conducted for those samples.Results show that OPC has a relative low durability and HSC is not satisfying while HPC exhibits a excellent durability,and durability of steel fiber reinforced HPC (SFHPC)or high elastic module polyethylene fiber reinforced HPC(HMPEHPC)is the best.


To the Editor: I n June 2020, a 45-year-old man suffering from schizophrenia for the past 3 years presented to SGT hospital with catatonic symptoms from past 10 days like mutism, refusal to take orally, and negativism. Organic causes of catatonia were ruled out by complete blood count, liver and kidney function tests, chest x-ray, and electrocardiogram; all of which showed normal findings. Detailed physical examination, including neurological examination and magnetic resonance imaging scan of the brain, revealed no abnormality. Urine toxicology examination was negative for illicit substances. He was started on tablet olanzapine and given injectable lorazepam onwhich he responded transiently. In view of the persistence of catatonic symptoms, modified electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was started after 12 days of admission. Bitemporal ECT sessions were carried out by a psychiatrist, an anesthesiologist, and psychiatric nurses in a wellequipped setup. Electroconvulsive therapy sessions were performed thrice weekly under standard anesthetic protocol using atropine, succinylcholine, and thiopentone. No prophylactic treatment was given for fever before ECT. In the first session of ECT (day 1), the patient developed a peripheral seizure of 35 seconds in duration with current duration of 1.4 second, 70 Hz frequency, and 0.5 millisecond pulse width. The patient developed fever with shivering (102°F) after 4 hours of ECT, which resolved in 2 to 3 hours with tablet paracetamol. Physical


In a recent publication, 17 an observation of previously undescribed involuntary eye movements in certain schizophrenics was reported. Earlier references to ocular motion in schizophrenics have included many conflicting conclusions, none of which dealt with the specific eye manifestations here discussed.Thus it had been noted that opticokinetic nystagmus in schizophrenics did not differ from that of normals, 15 that their ocular movements were normal, 2,3 that there was a reduction of nystagmus in schizophrenics, 8 that schizophrenics had an increased incidence of nystagmus, 9 and that there was a delay, increased velocity and inaccuracy in fixation in the ocular pursuit movements of schizophrenics. 5 Observations We have observed in 50 schizophrenic patients certain eye movements to which we have been unable to find any previous reference. The findings herein described were present only after a relationship in the psychotherapeutic sessions had been established, and


In the Amazon, tourism promotes encounters between native indigenous people and Western tourists who staged their cultural difference in terms of juxtaposed polarities, mediated by economic transactions. From the recount of the insertion of the yagua community of La Libertad in the circuits of tourism, and the typical tourist setting, this article approaches the interactions between tourists and natives. In this scenario, tourists behave as consumers of the authenticity of indigenous life associated with the preservation of the Amazon, while indigenous peoples sell this representation to get the resources to be able to buy products and objects associated with tourists' culture and society. Their relationship is mediated by discourses on regional development, tourism operators and a marginal but growing dependency of indigenous peoples on monetary resources.


Analytic expressions for the spectrum and the wavefunction resulting from the relativistic generalisation of the shifted large-N expansion method as applied to the general power-law potentials V(r)=B+Arv are presented. These expressions obtained in the context of the Klein-Gordon equation are then used to compute the mass spectra and leptonic decay widths of mesonic states composed of heavy quarks. The relativistic corrections are found to be in good agreement with those obtained by elaborate analytic (WKB) and numerical methods. Compact analytic results of the shifted large-N expansion for relativistic systems are seen to be applicable to a much wider class of problems than are most other approximation methods.


This article presents the first fully integrated 2-D array of electronic-photonic ultrasound sensors targeting low-power miniaturized ultrasound probes for endoscopic applications. Fabricated in a zero-change 45-nm CMOS-silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology, this 5.53 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 3.03 mm electronic-photonic system on chip (EPSoC) utilizes micro-ring resonators (MRRs) as ultrasound sensors instead of the traditional piezoelectric or capacitive micromachined transducers (PMUTs or CMUTs). The photonic nature of the sensor enables remoting of the power-hungry receive electronics outside the probe tip, thus lowering the power dissipation inside the human body. Moreover, it eliminates electrical cabling, replacing the bulky micro-coax cables with thinner optic fibers. This EPSoC also reduces fiber count by 8<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> with zero power and area overhead by performing wavelength division multiplexed interrogation of MRR sensors coupled onto the same waveguide in lieu of sub-array beamforming or in-pixel digitization. Leveraging the monolithic integration of photonic devices with CMOS circuitry, a complete receiver (RX) unit is built right next to the sensor MRRs, including a programmable gain transimpedance amplifier (TIA) and background current cancellation digital-to-analog converters (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I_{\text {DAC}}\text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), which allow for a sensor operating range of 74 dB. A 9-bit SAR ADC performs on-chip A/D conversion making for a self-contained endoscopic ultrasound receiver system. The photonic sensing element demonstrates 7.3 mV/kPa sensitivity while consuming 0.43 mW of power and occupying 0.01 mm of area. The functionality of the fabricated chip has been demonstrated in ultrasonic receiver beamforming experiments.


The North-West Gulf of Uraba, Colombia, harbors the southernmost Caribbean reefs, exposed to high turbulence and fluctuating turbidity and salinity. An annotated systematic check-list of sponges from this area is presented. A total of 77 demosponge species (class Demospongiae), 3 homoscleromorph species (class Homoscleromorpha) and 1 calcareous species (class Calcarea) were found to inhabit rocky shores and reefs, above 20 m in depth. Some species in Uraba bear siliceous spicules larger than in other Caribbean areas, probably owing to additional silicon input from heavy river discharge in the gulf. This work provides, additionally, the formal taxonomic description of 15 species, which are new records for the Colombian Caribbean.