INTRODUCTIONIntercollegiate athletics has seen tremendous change over the past several decades. Since 1980, more than 300 colleges and university have entered into the National Collegiate Athletic Association (e.g., NCAA Division II or III) from other athletic associations (i.e., National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics; United States Collegiate Athletic Association) (Smith, 2012). Commenting on conference realignment, current NCAA president Mark Emmert has publically noted the increase of university presidential interest for a college football playoff system rather than the current 'Bowl Championship Series'. More conference realignment is forthcoming as colleges and universities position themselves for increased opportunities to play for the NCAA Division I football national championship (Gemmell, 2012). With these changes occurring on a frequent basis, the individual primarily involved with many of the decisions to change is the athletic director.Intercollegiate athletics is considered 'big business' throughout the United States, especially through the NCAA Division I ranks (Benford, 2007; Cook, 2011; Shulman & Bowen, 2001; Sperber, 2000; Zimbalist, 1999). Through several avenues of revenue generation (i.e., ticket sales, merchandise sales, television contracts and corporate sponsorship) the multi-billion dollar commercialized industry of intercollegiate athletics refers primarily to sports and athletic competition organized and funded by colleges or universities. Additional areas of revenue are often seen through the success of the athletic department and alumni donations (Cook, 2011; Gerdy, 2006; Shulman & Bowen, 2001). NCAA Division II and III institutions do not necessarily see the advantages as Division I institutions. Financial growth for Division II and III typically come in the form of athletic department expansion through their established sport teams or the addition of sport teams. From this expansion, increased enrollment and revenue for the university occurs (Cook, 2012; Emmons, 2009; Mostafavi, 2009; Van Valkenbury, 2009).Further differences among athletic departments occur at the associational level of NCAA affiliation. For example, NCAA Division III universities offer no athletic scholarships to its student-athletes. NCAA Division I and II institutions do offer athletic scholarships to its student-athletes.The predominant differences between NCAA affiliations and their institutions are seen in the form of human resources (i.e. administration, staff and coaches) and financial resources (i.e., revenues and expenses). According to a recent article in the USAToday (Wieberg, Upton & Berkowitz, 2012)1, as of 2011 the University of Texas (Austin, TX) sponsoring 18 men's (with football) and women's sports, leads all NCAA Division I athletic departments with revenues topping out at $150,295,926 and expenses $133,686,815. The smallest NCAA Division I school was Coppin State University (Baltimore, MD), sponsoring 12 men's sports (without football) and women's sports, with $3,484,323 in revenues and $4,088,874 in expenses.Furthermore, the University of Texas athletic department employs 377 administrators, staff and coaches while Coppin State University only employs 36. An institution associated with the Football Bowl Sub-Division (FBS) not only offer athletic scholarships, but are also required to average 15,000 in attendance (NCAA, 2012).In addition to these athletic department characteristic differences we also see variations from a general higher educational perspective through classification of universities (i.e., public or private), academic structure (i.e., departments, majors and minors offered), age and size of the university. Table 1 shows a very small sample of the array of differences among NCAA institutions.Early research on the athletic director indicated key qualifications for moving into the position included a background as a collegiate athlete, high school and college coaching experience as well as some administrative experience (Danylchuk & Chelladurai, 1999; Fitzgerald, Sagaria & Nelson, 1994; Whisenant & Pedersen, 2004). …


Process for the purification of an adduct of alkyleneoxide MANUFACTURED WITH METALLIC CATALYSTS CONTAINING HALOGENATED AND HALOGENOS as impurities and metals. The adduct is treated with an alkali metal excess of compounds and the mixture obtained is adjusted ALCALINA with an acid PH VALUE TO A MAXIMUM OF 7 product mix should contain 0.1% by weight of water, based on the weight PRODUCT . THIS MIXTURE SEPARATE WATER AND OTHER SOLVENTS. Insoluble salts in the adduct precipitated in crystalline form.


The task of generating novel views of real scenes is increasingly important nowadays when AI models become able to create realistic new worlds. In many practical applications, it is important for novel view synthesis methods to stay grounded in the physical world as much as possible, while also being able to imagine it from previously unseen views. While most current methods are developed and tested in virtual environments with small scenes and no errors in pose and depth information, we push the boundaries to the real-world domain of large scales in the new context of UAVs. Our algorithmic contributions are two folds. First, we manage to stay anchored in the real 3D world, by introducing an efficient multi-scale voxel carving method, which is able to accommodate significant noises in pose, depth, and illumination variations, while being able to reconstruct the view of the world from drastically different poses at test time. Second, our final high-resolution output is efficiently self-trained on data automatically generated by the voxel carving module, which gives it the flexibility to adapt efficiently to any scene. We demonstrated the effectiveness of our method on highly complex and large-scale scenes in real environments while outperforming the current state-of-the-art. Our code is publicly available: https://github.com/onorabil/MSVC.


[Objective] The study aimed to discuss effects of major meteorological disasters on national economic construction as well as people's lives and property in Ningxia.[Method] Based on data about meteorological disasters over the past 50 years and their direct economic losses during 2003-2011 in Ningxia,effects of major meteorological disasters on national economic construction as well as people's lives and property were discussed,and some defense countermeasures of meteorological disasters were put forward.[Result] In Ningxia,drought,rainstorm and flood,gale and dust,hail and thunderstorm had done considerable harm to national economic construction as well as people's lives and property.Since 2003,total direct economic losses caused by all meteorological disasters in Ningxia changed from 1.28 billion to 1.97 billion yuan and accounted for 0.8%-3.1% of GDP of Ningxia.Among them,the direct economic losses caused by drought were the highest and annual average value during 2003-2011 reached 1.22 billion yuan,accounting for 77.6% of total direct economic losses caused by all meteorological disasters in Ningxia.The direct economic losses caused by rainstorm,flood and hail ranked second,and their annual average values were 0.11 billion and 0.12 billion yuan,accounting for 7.4% and 7.6% of total direct economic losses.Meanwhile,annual average direct economic losses caused by thunderstorm in Ningxia reached 1.18 million yuan.In addition,annual average value of the direct economic losses caused by gale and dust totaled 0.01 billion yuan,with a proportion of 1.0%.[Conclusion] The research could provide scientific references for the defense of meteorological disasters in future.


Mammalian skeletal muscles are composed of two main types of muscle fibre, type I and type II, which may be distinguished by their histochemical staining reactions and other properties. Type I, the slow twitch fibres, are small, and contain many mitochondria and much stored lipid. Type II, the fast twitch fibres, are often large, and contain few mitochondria and much stored glycogen. The distribution of type I and type II fibres in skeletal muscles has been little studied, but previous papers usually refer to the variation in the proportions of type I and type II fibres in different regions of whole muscles. It is often accepted that muscle-fibre types are distributed randomly in skeletal muscles. However, it is known that type I fibres in some muscles of the guinea-pig and rabbit are more regularly distributed than in an equivalent random population (James, 1971a, b). More information is available for avian muscles. In the pectoralis major and deltoid major of the pigeon the peripheral regions of fasciculi are composed predominantly of type II fibres. Type I fibres predominate in the deeper parts of the fasciculi (George & Berger, 1966; Nene & George, 1965). It seemed of interest to determine whether type II fibres occur preferentially in the periphery of fasciculi in muscles of common laboratory animals such as the rat and the rabbit. It also seemed worth attempting to determine whether the distribution of muscle fibre types in whole fasciculi could be analysed by statistical methods, for such analyses could be of considerable value in identifying muscle fibre types in both developing and diseased muscles.


A quick response (QR) code is a two-dimensional barcode in which a lot of information can be recorded. There are many online QR code generators that conveniently make QR codes. Recognition of QR codes with a smartphone is easy and fast. Therefore, QR codes are widely used in various industries, such as manufacturing, logistics, transportation, retail stores, advertising, education, and office automation. This paper proposes the design of a QR code–based client–server tour guide system, which comprises a web server, a streaming server, and an archive system. The client is a smartphone application that recognizes the information in a QR code when the user takes a picture of it. Then, the client accesses the web resource designated by the QR code. A web site can provide a video closely related to the tourist attraction to which the QR code is attached. In addition to playing videos, the web site provides many kinds of useful information to tourists.


In recent years evidence has accumulated to document the importance of physical activity to lifelong health and fitness. This paper is based on the assumption that a primary goal of physical education is to promote lifetime physical activity. Common misconceptions are described and alternatives for change are proposed: (a) recognizing the unique physical activity needs of youth; (b) promoting opportunities for girls; (c) changing our focus from fitness to physical activity; (d) promoting self-esteem and feelings of competence among youth; (e) narrowing the scope of our objectives; and (f) emphasizing self-management skills in high school to help youth adopt active living as adults. The suggestions are based on scientific evidence and the author's own experience.


Pre-eclampsia is a major cause of maternal mortality and morbidity, preterm birth, perinatal death, and intrauterine growth restriction in global maternity cases.
Purpose The study aims to investigate the role of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia.
Method In order to get cross sectional data, The study employed observation method. The serum IL-6 and IL-10 of the subjects with preeclampsia and normal pregnancies were measured. The systolic, diastolic blood pressures, and proteinuria of the subjects were also checked. The results were evaluated using the t-test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Spearman correlation test (P


Objective:To develop a method for detecting NDV-induced cellular immune responses for real-time quantifification of IFN-γ in immuned mice with NDV.Methods:Splenocytes and NDV antigen added to 96-well filtration plates that had been coated with NDV monoclonal antibody,and the plates were then incubated in 37℃,5%CO2 for 7 hs.The splenocytes were lysed and in turn the biotinylated rat anti-mouse IFN-γ monoclonal antibody,AP-streptavidin conjugates and BCIP/NBT substrate kit were added orderly.The colored spots were counted under inverted microscope.Results:The specifications of the ELISPOT experiments were closely related to incubation time and stimulating antigens.Under the condition of Splenocytes at 106/well,the longer the incubation time and the more stimulating antigen were,the lower the specificity of the experiment was.When the amount of antigen at 5 μg/well and the incubation time for 7 h,the specificity was strongest.Spots increased with increased cell concentrations and the most conducive to spots counting and the lowest experimental error were achieved at splenocyte concentration of 106/well.Conclusion:The establishment of ELISPOT assay can be used to determinate IFN-γ production specific to stimulation by NDV in vitro.


For the requirements of the large-scale structure of the whole scale distributed high precision temperature measurement,BOTDA method and FBG temperature sensing technology are used to design a temperature sensing test system.The system is composed of BOTDA analyzers,FBG demodulator,collinear sensing probe and optical switches.The experimental test proves the system has function of testing large range of distributed temperature and local precision temperature.So the complementary of BOTDA temperature measurement technology and FBG temperature sensing technology is achieved,the contradiction of measurement range and measurement precision is solved.What is more,the system has good temperature repeatability and the expected design requirements are achieved.The collinear measurement technology program has broad application prospects in the large-scale structure of temperature monitoring.


The most effective way to reduce the pollution of heavy metal waste is the adsorption process using an adsorbent. Sugarcane bagasse is one of materials that has high affinity to absorb heavy metals. The adsorption capacity of sugarcane bagasse can be increased by converting it into cellulose xanthate by reaction of cellulose with carbon disulfide (CS2). Synthesis of cellulose xanthate consists of three stages, i.e isolation, alkalization, and xanthation. In this study, the preparation of cellulose xhantate was conducted by adding carbon disulfide (CS2) about 180% (w/w). The temperature of xhantation reaction was varied  at 35°C, 40°C and 45°C. The effect of temperature reaction into degree of substitution (DS), the degree of polymerization (DP) and the metal adsorption capacity of cellulose xanthate for Zn2+ and Pb2+ were determined by quantitative and qualitative analyze. Morphological characteristics of cellulose xanthate was characterized by SEM and the functional groups contained in the cellulose xanthate was characterized by FTIR. The result showed that cellulose xanthate synthesized at temperature of 35°C have a highest value of DS, DP, and the adsorption capacity higher than two variations of  temperature (40°C and 45°C). The value of DS, DP, and the adsorption capacity is 0.389,  299.27, 48.353 mg/g for Zn2+ metal and 51.763 mg/g for the metals Pb2+, respectively


Optical encoder is playing an essential starring role in optical communication and computing applications. This paper presents a new structure for 4 x 2 optical encoder based on Two Dimensional Photonic Crystals (2DPC). The proposed structure consists of silicon rods in background of air using hexagonal lattice. The proposed structure is composed of four input waveguides and two outputs. The band structure is examined by Plane Wave Expansion (PWE) method and the performance parameters of the 4x2 encoder, namely, normalized output power, footprint, contrast ratio, response time and bit rate are analyzed using Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method. The proposed encoder is operated at 1550nm. The low response time, and small footprint have shown that the encoder is exceptionally suitable for high performance optical networks and photonic computational integrated devices.


Welsh Discharged Soldiers. The Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Pensions informed Major Davies that some 176 institutions, including military, auxiliary, and civil hospitals and convalescent homes, are in use and open to the treatment of discharged disabled men in Wales and Monmouthshire. Schemes for establishing an after-care colony with training for tuberculosis, and for at least one centre for orthopaedic treatment, are now under consideration. Training centres will shortly be established at Wrexham


Understanding indetailhowreperfusion injury occurs is a key area of Becker's research, one that might lead to new types of interventions."Thegoal is tofigureout howtoreintroduceoxygenwithoutevokingtheresponsethat isharmful,"hesaid. To that end, Becker and colleagues are investigating the biochemical steps that cause cell death during reperfusion in animals. They also are working on ways to extend brain function during periods of resuscitation. "It appears that one of the organs that is truly protected by this [slurry] technology is the brain and its long-term neurological functions," he said. Understanding the pathophysiology of reperfusion injury may also point to potential drug therapies. "If we know what hypothermia is affecting, maybe we could develop drugs that target those mechanisms so that you wouldn't need to cool," said Kochanek. "Or we could add them to hypothermia to make it more beneficial," he added. Despite hypothermia's potential benefits in emergency situations, cooling equipment is not routinely available on ambulances, said Becker, although he thinks that will change in the future as more information about the benefits of hypothermia becomes available. "We're very early in this science, but the science looks very good," he said.


Accounting firms have long been considered a 'black box' in the literature, but over the last two decades or so, a growing body of literature has emerged which points to how the accounting professi ...


Emodin, a natural anthraquinone, has been shown to have anti-tumorigenic properties and may be an effective therapy for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its clinical development has been hampered by a poor understanding of its mechanism of action. The purpose of this study was to 1) evaluate the efficacy of emodin in mouse models of intestinal/colorectal cancer and 2) to examine the impact of emodin on macrophage behavior in the context of CRC. We utilized a genetic model of intestinal cancer (ApcMin/+) and a chemically induced model of CRC (AOM/DSS). Emodin was administered orally (40 mg/kg or 80 mg/kg in AOM/DSS and 80mg/kg in ApcMin/+) 3x/week to observe its preventative effects. Emodin reduced polyp count and size in both rodent models (p<0.05). We further analyzed the colon microenvironment of AOM/DSS mice and found that mice treated with emodin exhibited lower pro-tumorigenic M2-like macrophages and a reduced ratio of M2/M1 macrophages within the colon (p<0.05). Despite this, we did not detect any significant changes in M2-associated cytokines (IL10, IL4, and Tgfb1) nor M1-associated cytokines (IL6, TNFα, IL1β, and IFNγ) within excised polyps. However, there was a significant increase in NOS2 expression (M1 marker) in mice treated with 80 mg/kg emodin (p<0.05). To confirm emodin's effects on macrophages, we exposed bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) to C26 colon cancer cell conditioned media. Supporting our in vivo data, emodin reduced M2-like macrophages. Overall, these data support the development of emodin as a natural compound for prevention of CRC given its ability to target pro-tumor macrophages.


To understand better the role of growth‐promoting and ‐inhibiting molecules in the development of the corticospinal tract (CST), temporospatial expression of embryonic neural cell adhesion molecule (E‐NCAM), growth‐associated protein‐43 (GAP‐43), and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) was studied in developing rats. Transverse sections of the seventh cervical (C7), seventh thoracic (T7), and fourth lumbar (L4) segments were examined at postnatal days (P) 2, 6, 10, 14, and 28. The highest E‐NCAM immunoreactivity appeared at the C7 level on P2 and shifted caudally to the T7 on P6 and L4 on P10, which correlated closely with the time course of CST development. The peak expression of GAP‐43 emerged at C7 on P2 and shifted to the T7 and L4 levels at a relatively lagging pace compared with that of E‐NCAM. Conversely, a transient reduction in CSPG immunoreactivity was found within the CST at the C7 level on P2, T7 level on P6, and L4 level on P10, corresponding well with the arrival of CST‐leading axons at these levels. Interestingly, higher levels of CSPG were found to surround the growing CST, suggesting a repulsive environment that channels the growth of CST. Moreover, a transition from immature to mature astrocytes in a rostrocaudal direction during CST development was evidenced by anti‐vimentin and anti‐glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunostaining, suggesting a guidance role of immature astroglia in axonal outgrowth. Our study thus demonstrated dynamic changes of multiple growth‐related molecules and astroglial environment that contribute to postnatal development of the CST. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Preface Acknowledgments Chapter 1 Introduction to Ladder Logic Diagrams and PLCs Chapter 2 Latches Chapter 3 Logic Gates Chapter 4 Timers Chapter 5 Drum Sequencers Chapter 6 Counters Chapter 7 Motor Control Chapter 8 PLCs" with ADCs" and DACs" Appendix A References Appendix B Data Sheets


Instructors play a very important role in the administration of institutions of higher learning and instructor system's development is a crucial part of moral education in the institutions.Establishment of a new instructor systme in local institutions of higher learning is characterized by some distinctive features.Meanwhile,there are some problems demanding prompt solution.At present,it is in urgent need of innovating the current instructor system in local institutions of higher learning so as to conform to the reform in higher education.


For heavy-ion collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) a scaling behavior is found in the dependencies on azimuthal angle phi and impact parameter b for pion production at high p{sub T} essentially independent of the hadronization process. The scaling variable is in terms of a dynamical path length xi that takes into account detailed properties of geometry, medium density, and probability of hard scattering. It is shown in the recombination model how the nuclear modification factor depends on the average xi-bar(phi,b). The data for pi{sup 0} production at p{sub T}=4-5 and 7-8 GeV/c at RHIC are shown to exhibit the same scaling behavior as found in the model calculation. Extension to back-to-back dijet production has been carried out, showing the existence of xi-bar scaling also in the away-side yield per trigger. At the CERN Large Hadron Collider the hard-parton density can be high enough to realize the likelihood of recombination of shower partons arising from neighboring jets. It is shown that such two-jet recombination can cause strong violation of xi-bar scaling. Furthermore, the large value of R{sub AA} that exceeds 1 can become a striking signature of such a hadronization process at high energy.


BACKGROUND: Individuals with Trisomy 21 have a striking cancer distribution, with a 10- to 20- fold increased risk of acute leukemia compared to a markedly decreased incidence of solid tumors. Medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood, is particularly rare in the DS population, with only one published case. As demonstrated in a mouse model of DS, the supernumerary chromosome 21 is associated with cerebellar hypoplasia and a decreased number of external granule cell layer progenitor cells (EGLs). Treatment of these mice with sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway agonists promotes normalization of EGLs and improved cognitive functioning. PATIENT: We describe a 21 month-old male with DS with desmoplastic/nodular medulloblastoma (DNMB) - a tumor derived from Shh dysregulation and over-activation of EGLs. Immunohistochemistry revealed patchy cytoplasmic GAB-1 staining and patchy strong YAP-1 nuclear and cytoplasmic staining, further placing this DNMB into the new consensus molecular classification Shh subgroup. Additional testing revealed a de novo heterozygous germ line mutation in the PTCH1 gene encoding a tumor suppressor protein in the Shh pathway; both parents tested negative for this mutation. CONCLUSIONS: The reduced presence of EGLs in DS patients offers a plausible explanation for the disparity of medulloblastoma in this population. Conversely, patients with PTCH1 germ line mutations experience Shh pathway overstimulation resulting in Gorlin (Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma) Syndrome and an increased incidence of malignant transformation of EGLs leading to medulloblastoma formation. This represents the first documented report of an individual with DS (developmental failure of EGLs, decreased incidence of medulloblastoma) simultaneously carrying PTCH1 germ line mutation (overstimulated EGLs, increased incidence of medulloblastoma). Thus, we observe a highly unusual circumstance in which the PTCH1 mutation appears to 'trump' the effects of trisomy 21 in causation of Shh-activated medulloblastoma. Additional genomic studies are ongoing and will be presented.


A new tandem arylation/nucleophilic addition/fragmentation/C–S bond formation reaction involving diaryliodonium salts as electrophiles was developed with Cu(OTf)2 as the catalyst. A series of unexpected bis(arylthio)imine derivatives were generated in good yields. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions, and the bis(arylthio)imines are readily transformed to other useful products.


Atherosclerosis, which is commonly seen at regions with low wall shear stress (WSS) level in bifurcations, is a kind of fibro-fatty plaque accumulated on arterial walls. Aortic and iliac bifurcations have the highest proportion of patients among all atherosclerosis cases, thus it is necessary to numerically analyze the flow distribution and predict plaque positions in these bifurcations. Furthermore, using fluid–solid interaction (FSI) method could obtain a more exact flow pattern in arteries. In this study, a patient-specific model of aortic and iliac bifurcations was simulated with both FSI and rigid-wall cases. We analyzed the vessel deformation, WSS and flow distribution of this model. Computed tomography (CT) angiography was used in our study to create patient-specific model of aorto-iliac arteries. Real material properties and pulsatile fluid boundary conditions were applied in solid and fluid zones, respectively. We performed FSI and ordinary computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations with AYSYS 15.0 software (ANSYS Inc., Canonsburg, PA), and compared the diameter change, WSS and flow field between these two results. The diameter change between systolic phase and diastolic phase is 8–9% on abdominal aorta, and 3% on external and internal iliac arteries. The compliance of vessels corresponds to in-vivo observations. At peak systolic phase, the average WSS obtained in FSI simulation is 10% lower than in rigid-wall result, area of low-WSS region ([Formula: see text]) also increases by 78%. Wall deformation has a greater impact on WSS of those vessels with larger diameter, but hardly changes the shear level in smaller branches. Our result also shows that iliac bifurcations reveal more complicated secondary flow in systolic phase, comparing to other vessels, and stenosed iliac artery has more severe secondary flow than healthy artery. We obtained a feasible method for hemodynamic FSI research. The material parameters, boundary conditions and mesh could be used for further simulations, while the WSS and flow distribution may support clinical diagnosis and treatment. We concluded that compliance is a must-consider factor for simulating an accurate wall shear stress, because the vessel deformation in FSI simulation will significantly change the distribution of low-WSS zones. Moreover, more complicated secondary flow is detected in iliac arteries because it may interact between bifurcations. Stenosis in artery may also have a blocking effect on downstream blood flow.


We point out that gauge bosons emissions should be carefully estimated when considering LHC observables, since real Ws and Zs contributions can dramatically change cross sections with respect to tree level values. Here we consider observables that are fully inclusive respect to soft gauge boson emission and where a certain number of nonabelian isospin charges in initial and/or final states are detected. We set up a general formalism to evaluate leading, all order resummed electroweak corrections and we consider the phenomenologically relevant case of third family quark production at the LHC. In the case of b production we find that, due to the interplay between strong and weak interactions, the production cross section can become an order of magnitude bigger than the tree level value.


Researching the life course—the way our lives are structured into particular stages and sequences—opens up a huge range of issues and perspectives. I begin with selected synoptic approaches that give a sense of this multidimensionality, such as the levels at which it applies and the linkages between individual life courses and their social contexts. I discuss particular concepts that figure prominently in the analytical toolbox of life course research, notably stages, transitions, and trajectories.

The following part concentrates on the way models and metaphors can be applied to life course research. Metaphorical thinking can be a fruitful way of illuminating complex issues; we need, however, to be clear about what kinds of claim are being made for such metaphors and models.

I introduce the image of a triple helix, analogous to the famous DNA double helix but with three strands—biological, psychological, and social. This simple image allows us to model the changing interrelationships between these, mapped against chronological age. The central focus is not on the changes within each strand but on the changes which these entail in the relationships between the different strands. Entry into adulthood and becoming old are two examples where these relationships are obviously altering significantly. The triple helix acts as a device for exploring life course change, and as a means of defining significant issues.

Keywords:

life course;
ages and stages;
metaphors


ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: One of the big challenges facing governments worldwide is the financing of healthcare systems. Thus, it is necessary to understand the factors and key components associated with healthcare expenditure. The aim here was to identify demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle and clinical factors associated with direct healthcare expenditure within primary care, among adults attended through the Brazilian National Health System in the city of Bauru. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted in five primary care units in Bauru (SP), Brazil. METHODS: Healthcare expenditure over the last 12 months was assessed through medical records of adults aged 50 years or more. Annual healthcare expenditure was assessed in terms of medication, laboratory tests, medical consultations and the total. Body mass index, waist circumference, hypertension, age, sex, physical activity and smoking were assessed through face-to-face interviews. RESULTS: The total healthcare expenditure for 963 participants of this survey was US$ 112,849.74 (46.9% consultations, 35.2% medication and 17.9% laboratory tests). Expenditure on medication was associated with overweight (odds ratio, OR = 1.80; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.07-3.01), hypertension (OR = 3.04; 95% CI: 1.91-4.82) and moderate physical activity (OR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.38-0.81). Expenditure on consultations was associated with hypertension (OR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.12-2.47) and female sex (OR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.14-2.55). CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that overweight, lower levels of physical activity and hypertension were independent risk factors associated with higher healthcare expenditure within primary care.


Atmospheric monitoring of gaseous 3H and 14C in and around nuclear facilities is of interest because these nuclides may contribute to the environmental dose commitment. A sampling system has been designed to measure 3H and 14C at concentrations on the order of 0.01 pCi/cc of air. This system, which may run unattended for periods up to two weeks at a controlled flow of 80 cc/min is small, portable, and only requires electrical power. The air sample is pulled through silica gel and molecular sieve adsorbent columns at a rate determined by small orifices. Part of the air stream passes through a heated catalytic oxidizer prior to the adsorbent columns. The adsorbent columns are returned to the laboratory for analysis. Tritium is counted as HTO, and 14C as CO2, by liquid scintillation techniques. The analysis reveals the concentration of these radionuclides originally present as HTO and CO2, as well as the concentration in other forms which are oxidizable to these species.


A full-wave analysis based on the integral equation technique solved by the method of moments is developed and used to characterize fin-line structures and its associated discontinuities. The analysis includes the effects of both longitudinal and transverse electric fields in the slot. Comparison of some numerical results with available experimental and theoretical data shows a good agreement.


A kind of 3-PRS spatial parallel mechanism is introduced.Through kinematic analyzing the mechanism using screw theory,a 3D virtual prototype modeling of this mechanism is constructed with UG and kinematics simulation is carried out by importing software ADAMS.With strong function of ADAMS in kinematic simulation,function,measurement and post processing,the mechanism is verified to be a fullsymmetric parallel mechanism with spatial 3 PRS,which mobile platform can rotate around X axial,Y axialand move along Z axial,which result is coincident with kinematic analysis of screw theory and provide relative reference for the study of prototype design and control in the near future.


A correlation inequality is derived from local realism and a supplementary assumption. This inequality is violated by a factor of 1.5 in the case of real experiments, whereas previous inequalities such as Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality of 1969 and Clauser-Horne inequality of 1974 are violated by a factor of $\sqrt 2$. Thus the magnitude of violation of this inequality is approximately 20.7% larger than the magnitude of violation of previous inequalities. Moreover, the present inequality can be used to test locality very simply because it requires the measurements of only two detection probabilities. In contrast, Clauser-Horne inequality requires the measurements of five detection probabilities.


In this issue, Moore and Bonuck provide evidence that, in young children, symptoms of sleepdisordered breathing and behavioral sleep problems are both common and disproportionately comorbid. This has important clinical implications. Major tertiary care facilities are often dominated by insular subspecialties, which can prevent adequate screening and intervention across subspecialty lines. For example, clinicians who focus on sleep-disordered breathing (typically physicians, and often surgeons) may spend little time asking about behavioral sleep problems and even less time treating them. Outside of those facilities, pediatricians are less specialized and insular, but often ask few questions about sleep and feel unprepared to intervene


Volume 1: the pattern of economic development land and agriculture management and enterprise system - general Zaibatsu, non-Zaibatsu business development management and technology transfer. Volume 2: banking and finance education and human capital labour women imperialism and war.


Clinical and radiological assessment of 100 patients (97 female) with primary Sjiogren's syndrome was performed within six months of diagnosis in conjunction with spirometry and measurement of transfer factor for carbon monoxide (TLCO). This was repeated in an unselected subgroup of 30 patients after a mean interval of four years. On initial assessment, 43 patients had symptoms of lung disease and 10 had related physical signs; the chest radiograph was abnormal in five. There was a significant reduction (more than 2 standardised residuals) in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEVy), vital capacity (VC), and TLCO in 14, 12, and 10 patients, 24 patients overall having a significant reduction in one or more of these measures. There was a strong relation between reduction in lung function and both pulmonary symptoms and a lip biopsy specimen positive for Sjogren's syndrome. Lung function at the initial assessment in the 30 patients who were restudied was almost identical to that of the group as a whole. Seventeen now had symptoms and nine had related physical signs. The chest radiograph was abnormal in four patients. More patients had a significant reduction in FEV,, VC, and TLCO. Lung disease is sometimes an early feature of primary Sjogren's syndrome and may progress over a relatively short period. Department of Rheumatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP C Kelly B Pal I Griffiths Department of Chest Medicine, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 6BE P Gardiner Reprint requests to: Dr Kelly Accepted 26 November 1990 Lung function has been studied in several cross sectional series of patients with primary Sj6gren's syndrome."' Interstitial lung disease and small airways obstruction have been found frequently and may coexist in some patients." Less commonly, large airways obstruction and pleural disease have been recorded.47 Several of these studies, however, have been complicated by the inclusion of patients with both primary and secondary Sjogren's syndrome"'3 or by failure to describe their smoking habits." Furthermore, no longitudinal studies have been performed and the relation between pulmonary function and symptoms of chest disease has not been investigated. We report the results of simple lung function tests performed in 100 patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome and relate the findings to their symptoms and signs and to radiological and serological markers of disease activity. The assessment was repeated after a mean of four years in an unselected group of 30 patients.


The vast majority of the existing European building stock has been built without modern provisions for earthquake resistance and energy efficiency, result ing in seismic vulnerable and low energy performanc e buildings. Although many studies to address both th ese needs exist, energy and seismic retrofitting ar e nowadays treated separately. In this study, a combined seism ic and energy retrofitting approach is adopted. Ret rofitting strategies for existing RC buildings, combining sei smic and energy features are investigated and compa red. For what concerns seismic retrofitting, two different s eismic retrofitting techniques for RC-moment resist ing frames, namely addition of RC Walls and TRM Jacketing). The economic benefit deriving from their implementatio n has been evaluated using a probabilistic vulnerabil ity building based approach (based on fragility cur ves and mean repair costs). Moreover, a simplified method f or fragility curves in retrofitted state has been p roposed. For what concerns energy retrofitting, an attempt was m ade to evaluate the energy performance and cost improvements of buildings receiving various thermal insulation materials (i.e. EPS, XPS, PUR) to their building envelopes, following a simplified procedure in line with the requirements of the Italian regulation. T o evaluate the economic feasibility of an integrated seismic p lus energy retrofitting approach, this paper propos ed an expected annual loss (EAL) parameter combining both the economic benefits related to reduction of the seismic risk and energy losses. It was found that a number of retrofitting techniques were effective and econo mically feasible, with the combination of advanced textile composites (i.e. TRM) and thermal insulations mater i ls (i.e. EPS) being the most effective scheme, than the comb ination based on more localized seismic interventio ns. Overall, this study demonstrates that the concurren t energy and seismic retrofitting using advanced ma terials is a quite promising alternative approach for upgrading the existing RC buildings in seismic EU regions.


Primary cardiac tumours are very rare in paediatric age group and Myxoma is the rarest among them. In young age group, the symptoms and signs are variable and can make the diagnosis difficult. We present a case of left atrial myxoma in a nine year old boy, which remained undiagnosed for many days after the onset of symptoms of congestive cardiac failure. Two dimensional Echocardiography enabled us to arrive at correct diagnosis.


The multi-sensor integrated navigation system is one of the developing directions of integrated naviga tion.Aiming at the complex environment,the multi-model adaptive algorithm can solve the problem of model and parameter uncertainty,and the multi-scale fusion algorithm which combines the dynamic system analysis method based on model with multi-scale signal transformation method having statistical characteristics can effec tively increase system's filtering precision.Thus,in this paper,multi-model estimation was combined with multiscale filtering method to form multi-model and multi-scale filtering method.After this method was used to multi-sensor integrated navigation system,the simulated results showed that this method could increase system filtering precision more than multi-model algorithm and single-model multi-scale filtering method.


Introduction : The muscle skeletal illnesses are the most frequent causes of inability in the world, what affects the capacity of people gravely to develop their habitual activities. Objective: To describe the behavior of the rehabilitative process of patient with muscle skeletal dysfunctions. Materials and methods : A descriptive study was carried out in the Service of Rehabilitation of the Military Hospital of Matanzas, from July 2017 until December of 2017. The variables studied were: muscle skeletal dysfunctions diagnosed, duration of the painful crisis, presence of labor bond, associate labor inability, beginning of the rehabilitative treatment (precocious or late) and quantity of sessions of physiotherapy treatment.  Results: The sacrolumbalgia affected to 22,4% of the studied patients and the cervicalgia to 20,1%. The half duration of these affections was of 14 days. 64,7% of the patients laborly assets presented associated temporary inability. 65% of the patients incorporated from a late way to the rehabilitation.  Conclusions : The sacrolumbalgia was the most frequent diagnosis and with more associate labor inability. The affection with the most extensive half duration was the cervicalgia. Most of the patients incorporated from a late way to the rehabilitation.


The paper considers methods for estimating and compensating for Carrier Frequency Offset and Symbol Time Offset in order to improve accuracy of the synchronization in communication systems using DFT-s-OFDM technology for data transmission, which is expected to be an effective way to combat the high value of the peak to average power ratio and out-of-band emissions with low computational complexity of signal processing algorithms in current 4G and 5G New Radio communication systems, as well as future 6G communication systems. The paper provides some results of a study that was carried out in order to check the eligibility of contemporary methods for estimating and compensating Carrier Frequency Offset and Symbol Time Offset influences, as well as the errors caused by CFO and STO. The paper delivers the data about the study describing the use of the Kronecker Product in order to achieve better estimation and compensation results for current methods for Carrier Frequency Offset.


PURPOSE: To provide a locking action in the axial and diametric directions with a conduct of an automatic centering for saw-blade in a saw-blade holding device of a saw for the sternum. CONSTITUTION: The saw-blade holding device 10 has a shaft 32 reciprocatably coupled to the saw, and the shaft 32 has a slit 46 for receiving the saw-blade 48. The shaft 32 arranges a chuck 66 around the shaft. In the lock-releasing position, the slit 86 of the chuck 66 orientates in a row with the slit 46 so as to be able to arrange the saw-blade 48 into the slit 46. By means of cam type mechanisms 80, 90, the chuck 66 may rotate until the locking position against the saw-blade 48 and shaft 32, at the same time, the chuck 66 may move in the axial direction against the shaft 32. The device 10 has the complementary inclined surface 64 on the upper of the saw-blade 48 and chuck 66.


Hans Gerth was like a character Thomas Mann might have invented to wander in and out of the pages of Doctor Faustus. He had mastered music—he was an accomplished pianist—and philosophy and then saw the two as integrated parts of a single weltanschauung or world view. After being forced out of his native Germany by the Nazis, he carried to the United States the intellectual legacies of Max Weber and Karl Mannheim with the latter describing him as "the most gifted of all my former students" (cited in Oakes and Vidich, 2000: 157). Gerth singly or together with either C. Wright Mills or Don Martindale translated four of Weber's books into English—he more than anyone else was responsible for making the works of Max Weber cornerstones of social science theory on this side of the Atlantic. After Mannheim's unexpected early death, Gerth co-edited one of his unŽ nished manuscripts for publication under the title Freedom, Power and Democratic Planning. In addition, he translated, with Mills and Martindale, articles by Georg Simmel and Walter Benjamin. Gerth also translated into a book the minutes from the Ž fth congress of Marx and Engels's First International that contained the debate over Mikhail Bakunin's expulsion, which signaled the deŽ nitive ideological split between Marxian socialism and anarchism. The original handwritten minutes had been in the papers of a German immigrant socialist from Milwaukee and had subsequently found their way to the Wisconsin Historical Society. Gerth's most famous article was "The Nazi Party: Its Leadership and Composition." Using data from an internal party survey that he smuggled out of Germany, he showed, among other things, that the Nazis had a greater base of support in the middle than working classes. The occupational group that was most over-represented were school teachers. Gerth interpreted this astounding statistical Ž nding to mean that school teachers were especially attracted to the Nazis' authoritarian call for order.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine and develop a cross‐level model of the phenomenon of bullying at three levels (e.g. individual, group, and organizational).Design/methodology/approach – This is a theory‐based paper operationalizing transactional coping theory across three levels of an organization relative to bullying activities.Findings – There can be spillover from bullying from the dyadic level to other levels in the organization. While bullying is frequently discussed as an individual‐to‐individual phenomenon, the conflict can reverberate up to the group and organizational level. The interaction between the three levels needs to be taken into consideration when developing effective managerial plans to address the negative consequences of bullying.Research limitations/implications – Additional research is needed to address the interaction effect between all three levels that can be impacted by bullying acts. Without addressing the spillover from one level to another, remediation progra...


The bibliography contains 1561 references on environmental noise caused by road and rail traffic. References are grouped in the following sections: general references on surface transportation noise; traffic noise and its abatement; railway noise and its abatement; vehicle design for noise reduction; highway design for noise reduction; urban planning, building design and layout for noise reduction; social and economic impact of traffic noise; effects of traffic noise on physical and psychological health; surface transportation noise analysis, units measurement and instrumentation; legislation, regulations and general standards for surface transportation noise control; literature reviews and bibliographies on surface transportation noise; and, reports on current and recent research into surface transportation noise. /TRRL/


Reinforcement learning is an area of machine learning that is concerned with how an agent should take actions in an environment so that it can maximize its cumulative rewards. Unlike most machine learning techniques, the learner is not told which action it should take but instead must discover which action maximizes its cumulative reward by trying them. Trial-and-error search and delayed rewards are the two important distinguishing features of reinforcement learning. The racetrack problem is a standard control problem and can be solved using various reinforcement learning techniques. In this paper, the implementation of value iteration algorithm, Q-learning algorithm, and a variant of Q-learning algorithm that uses function approximator is done in order to solve the racetrack problem. The algorithms are compared based on the score they obtain in solving the problem on various maps by varying various parameters such as convergence tolerance, number of iterations etc. The time taken for solving this problem by each algorithm on various maps corresponding to each setting is also compared in this paper. It is proven from the experiments that performance of all the algorithms is almost comparable to each


Silage yield and nutritional values of a locally collected Korean corn line with high tillering and earing characteristics were investigated at plant densities from 2778 to 8333 plants/ l0a. This line and a non-tillering and nonprolific corn as a check were grown at four plant densities and at three planting dates. The Korean local line abbreviated as MET had the highest dry matter per l0a. The highest dry matter of the MET line compared with the check hybrid was due to the highest dry leaf weight of the MET line. The highest dry leaf weight of the MET line was due to the increased number of tillers of the MET line. Other plant parts such as ear weight, kernel weight and cob weight of the MET line were lower than those of the check hybrid. The dry husk weight per l0a of the MET line was higher than that of the check hybrid, probably due to the increased number of ears in the MET line. The total embryo production per 10 a of the MET line was significantly higher than that of the check hybrid. The increased portion of embryo of the MET line is probably responsible for the higher TON values of the MET line. No interaction between variety x planting dates or planting density was found, indicating that the MET line and check hybrid were both the same in effects of planting dates and densities. Both line and hybrid showed the highest dry matter production when the planting density was high and planting dates was early. When silage was made from either MET line or check hybrid the nutritional values in terms of crude protein, crude fat, fiber, and ash contents of the MET line were similar to those of the check hybrid. But the TON of the MET line was higher than that of the check hybrid, while the OCP of the MET line lower than that of the check hybrid. Amino acid contents of the MET line were also comparable to those of the check hybrid, while lysine content of the MET line was 10% higher than that of the check hybrid.


One of the main purposes of tracking simulations for collimation studies is to produce loss maps along the LHC ring, in order to identify the level of local beam losses during nominal and abnormal operation scenarios. The SixTrack program is the standard tracking tool used at CERN to perform these studies. Recently, it was expanded in order to evaluate the proton load on different collimators in case of fast beam failures. Simulations are compared with beam measurements at 4 TeV. Combined failures are assumed which provide worst-case scenarios of the load on tungsten tertiary collimators.


Pr 0.7 Sr 0.3 MnO 3 thin films were deposited at different temperatures on [100]-LaAlO 3 substrates by the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction, and high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) show that the deposition temperature influences dramatically the orientation of the films and their microstructure, within a very short range. The films grown at low temperature are [101]-oriented and exhibit a columnar growth with well-connected grains. One observes the coexistence of [010]- and [101]-oriented domains poorly connected platelet-like crystals, for films deposited at high temperature. The HREM observation of a cross section of the low-temperature thin film reveals the presence of an interfacial strained layer close to the substrate, allowing a growth mechanism to be proposed. The magnetic measurements show that the Curie temperature is independent of the growth temperature. In contrast, the magnetotransport properties are strongly influenced, due to the different nature of the microstructure and especially to the role of the grain boundaries that may exhibit a depressed T c .


Short message service (SMS) is extremely popular today. Currently it is being mainly used for peer-to-peer communication. BlogWall extends the SMS to a new level of self-expression and public communication by combining art and poetry. The application can simply display SMS, gather data using polls, and create poetry or even Japanese "Haiku" all based on the SMS.


Optical and acoustical trapping has been established as a tool for holding and moving microscopic particles suspended in a liquid in a contact-free and non-invasive manner. Opposed to standard microscopic imaging, where the probe is fixated, this technique allows imaging in a more natural environment. This paper provides a method for estimating the movement of a transparent particle which is maneuvered by tweezers (assuming that the inner structure of the probe is not subject to local movements) by making use of the assumption of a smooth movement in time. The mathematical formulation of the motion estimation leads to an infinitesimal version of the common line technique used in cryogenic electron microscopy single particle imaging to estimate the orientations of the particles in the probe.


The South Australian Government has come out in support of shifting the state's time zone to align with the eastern states. But what would the change mean for those on the ground?


The paper anlyzes gas prevention and gas emission laws of lower protective layer 11223 working face in Jinjia Mine.After five months of gas control,the maximum residual gas pressure is 0.36 MPa,the maximum residual gas content is 5.19 m3/ t,average gas extraction rate is 89.24%.On this basis,the paper analyzes the impact of working face gas emission form,key stratum,crack,roof pressure on gas emission.


Abstract: With the emergence of global competition, a non-profit organization (NPO) must adapt its strategies of technology transfer to suit the change of global economic environment so as to enhance benefits of technology transfer. The Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) is the leading non-profit R&D organization in Taiwan. This current research studies ITRI's strategies of major technology transfer and then divides these strategies into three stages in accordance with Taiwan's stages of industrial development. This paper aims to measure the strategic changes employed every ten years and assesses the impact level of each strategy at each stage. This research applies Fuzzy and AHP theories to survey ITRI's technology transfer strategies over the past thirty years and to analyze the future strategy for technology transfer. We conclude that a new pattern of technology transfer strategies has served as a means for more balanced innovative capabilities among sectors. Furthermore, the value-added IPRs and spin-offs are the most important factors for future technology transfer when Taiwan evolves toward knowledge economy era. In addition, an open model for future technology transfer is proposed and discussed in this paper.


A longitudinal study in 10 rural Wisconsin communities examined the development of reading attitude in subjects from early childhood to middle adulthood. Subjects, 84 white adults ranging in age from 35 to 44 years, represented a wide range of educational attainment levels, a wide range of occupations, and had participated in studies of reading attitude when they were school children. The subjects were given a 40-item questionnaire assessing reading attitude along with several other questionnaires assessing reading habits and perceptions of reading. Results indicated that the subjects had generally positive attitudes toward reading, as they had when they were in school. Results also indicated that continued educatiL. and occupational choice have a significant impact on reading attitude and behavior. (Four tables of data, 26 references, and excerpts from assessment instruments are attached.) (RS) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *****************************************************/:*****************


The use of saliva as a diagnostic fluid is a relatively recent trend. Saliva is a mixed oral fluid derived from major and minor salivary glands. Oral fluid, often called the mirror of the body's health, is a perfect medium to be explored for health and disease surveillance. Saliva is considered to be the first line of defense against oxidative stress (OS), the main cause for many systemic and oral diseases. Important sources of oral free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are tobacco smoke, periodontitis and other oral diseases. Saliva is rich in antioxidants: uric acid, albumin, ascorbate and enzymes which constitute the antioxidant potential of saliva. Aim of the study: To test possible correlations between several salivary biomarkers and oral diseases associated with OS. Material and methods: We have determined the salivary antioxidant potential in patients with periodontitis (20), oral lichen planus (OLP) (20) smokers (20) versus controls (20). The following salivary biomarkers were evaluated: uric acid, albumin and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Salivary biomarkers were performed using analysis kits on automatic analyzer. Analysis kits were provided by Biosystems Diagnostics (Spain) and by Randox (UK). Results: Analysis revealed statistically significant changes of the mentioned parameters in patients' saliva versus controls. Conclusions: Our results illustrate that OS caused a depletion of antioxidant status in the oral cavity. Uric acid, albumin and TAC are very important and promising salivary biomarkers for monitoring the oral OS.


We read with interest the paper by Buscaglia et al. entitled "The spiral enteroscopy training initiative: results of a prospective study evaluating the Discovery SB overtube device during small bowel enteroscopy" [1] and subsequent letter and reply from Riccioni et al. [2] and Akerman et al. [3], respectively. We have also prospectively recorded our initial experience (from November 2008) of the first 22 cases of spiral enteroscopy in the UK. These were carried out at two tertiary referral centers by endoscopists who were well experienced in doubleballoon enteroscopy (DBE). The first 11 procedures were done under the supervision of two visiting expert spiral enteroscopists and the subsequent 11 were performed "solo." The mean age of patients was 58 years (range 19–81 years). Twelve procedures were carried out under general anesthesia and the remainder were under conscious sedation. In 13 procedures carbon dioxide was the insufflating gas and air was used in the rest. The most common indication was suspected midintestinal bleeding (n = 16); other indications were small-bowel polyposis in the setting of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) (n = 5) and direct percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy feeding tube replacement (n = 1). We found a number of positive aspects of spiral enteroscopy. 1. Spiral enteroscopy was considered to be technically easier to learn compared with DBE. 2. The mean duration of the spiral enteroscopy procedures was relatively short at 42 ± 12 minutes (insertion and withdrawal). This was more favorable than our mean time for DBE (75 ± 22 minutes), which we recently reported at Gastro 2009 (United European Gastroenterology Federation and World Gastroenterology Organization [UEGW/WCOG]) [4]. 3. Carrying out therapeutic procedures, particularly argon plasma coagulation for proximal small-bowel angioectasias, was very satisfying due to the stability of the endoscopic view provided by the overtube. 4. Controlled withdrawal of the enteroscope through the small bowel with good visualization was possible during counter-clockwise rotation of the overtube. 5. Trauma scores [1] were low: all cases scored 1 (edema/erythema) at the ligament of Treitz and the esophagus. Only one case scored 2 for jejunal submucosal bruising induced during insertion and the patient remained well after the procedure. 6. Insertion distance was impressive in some cases: in one patient, when the spiral engaged the small bowel throughout, the enteroscope was advanced to the cecum, achieving unidirectional pan-enteroscopy in 65 minutes. To our knowledge, this case, which was performed at the Bristol center, is the first case of complete enteroscopy by spiral enteroscopy to be reported in the literature to date. What are the possible current limitations of spiral enteroscopy? Despite our case of pan-enteroscopy, which is impressive and significant, deep spiral enteroscopy insertion may still be difficult to achieve because of the inability of the spiral to engage the small bowel at times. The reason for this is multifactorial and probably represents the steepest part of the learning curve. Engagement can be encouraged or prolonged by interventions such as the Cantero maneuver, the "over the scope" maneuver [1,5,6], and abdominal counter pressure applied by an assistant. Interestingly for two patients requiring repeat enteroscopy, spiral enteroscopy was unable to reach the small bowel tattoos placed at previous oral and rectal DBE, respectively. In another patient, spiral enteroscopy failed to reach a proximal ileal PJS polyp seen at magnetic resonance enterography, which was subsequently located and removed by oral DBE during the same session. Two of these three patients had undergone previous small-bowel surgery and it is possible that the presence of small-bowel adhesions was the limiting factor in preventing deeper enteroscopy by spiral enteroscopy. We found estimating the insertion depth to be challenging and therefore described the final position of the enteroscope as either proximal or distal jejunum or ileum, according to a subjective element of insertion depth and small-bowel morphology. Distance estimation appears easier and fairly accurate with DBE using the May method [7]. Other questions relate to the effectiveness of spiral enteroscopy insertion via the rectal route, as at present deep insertion of the distal small bowel has not been reported. This is relevant because the ability to achieve pan-enteroscopy is increasingly useful. Dr Akerman's demonstration during a satellite symposium at Gastro 2009 of a prototype self-propelled spiral enteroscopy is exciting and we wait with interest for news of further developments. In conclusion, our initial UK experience with spiral enteroscopy suggests that spiral enteroscopy is easy to learn. When small-bowel engagement readily occurs, spiral enteroscopy can achieve deep small-bowel intubation in a relatively short time. Spiral enteroscopy is safe and provides a stable platform for both therapy and examination of the small bowel during withdrawal. Comparative studies of spiral enteroscopy with balloon-assisted enteroscopy are needed.


ABSTRACT Sesbania virgata is a legume used in the restoration of degraded areas and forms a symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Its seeds exude secondary metabolites that may influence the colonization by AMF. In this work, we studied the effects of seed (SE) and root exudates (RE) of S. virgata on the asymbiotic phase of Gigaspora albida. Spores of G. albida were germinated in medium supplemented with different concentrations of SE or RE. After seven days, spore germination was stimulated (46.6%) in the medium supplemented with the highest concentration of SE, while the mycelial growth was stimulated with the lowest SE concentration. In turn, RE had no effect on the fungal asymbiotic phase. We concluded that SE exert a positive effect on the asymbiotic phase of G. albida and that the different effects between SE and RE of S. virgata can be explained by their distinct content of secondary metabolites.


Operational Collaboration Model (OCM) has been developed to provide net based, location and discipline independent solution for the exchange of design technology, service and information. Its development was preceded by the exploration of the state-of-the-art in the collaborative engineering design to provide the theoretical basis for the research, and the research of the current practices in European maritime sector. The OCM is facilitated through the Technology Collaboration Platform which provides the distributed integrated design capabilities and European Maritime Collaboration Platform which supports the collaborative capabilities for knowledge exchange. OCM allows for a variety of different modes of collaboration, provided by the integrated design framework. Six case studies are to be used for demonstration in engineering design environment and testing are currently in the initial stages of execution, and aim to demonstrate the capabilities of the model but also identify areas for improvement and potential issues in its implementation. Once thoroughly tested and validated in the maritime sector the OCM will be fit for wider implementation in engineering design community.


In this paper we study the adaptive learnability of decision trees of depth at most $d$ from membership queries. This has many applications in automated scientific discovery such as drugs development and software update problem. Feldman solves the problem in a randomized polynomial time algorithm that asks $\tilde O(2^{2d})\log n$ queries and Kushilevitz-Mansour in a deterministic polynomial time algorithm that asks $ 2^{18d+o(d)}\log n$ queries. We improve the query complexity of both algorithms. We give a randomized polynomial time algorithm that asks $\tilde O(2^{2d}) + 2^{d}\log n$ queries and a deterministic polynomial time algorithm that asks $2^{5.83d}+2^{2d+o(d)}\log n$ queries.


Author(s): Feng, Jia | Advisor(s): Brenner, Robert P; Tong, James | Abstract: This dissertation examines the imperial fiscal arrangement during the Qing dynasty that separated the privy or crown's purse from the state treasury. In my dissertation, I argue that while the distinction between public and private finance has long been identified in European studies as an important sign of the rise of modernity, similar fiscal arrangements in China arose from the crown's endeavor over several decades to consolidate authority first over the nobility and then over the Chinese state. I see dynamics of this separation as deeply rooted in China's longstanding patrimonial bureaucratic rule. The continued functioning of the imperial state system into the Qing, a dynasty founded by non-Han rulers, thus suggests the remarkable resiliency of Chinese political traditions despite dramatic institutional changes brought by alien conquest. This dissertation is composed of an introduction, six chapters, and a conclusion. The introduction sets out the reasons why the public/private divide structure does not necessarily mean the rise of modernity and demonstrates how the separation was both indicative of and shaped by China's longstanding patrimonial bureaucratic rule. Chapter 1 discusses the role played by Nurhaci's economic strategies in the rise of Manchu power. Understanding the emergence of the imperial fiscal separation in the Manchu state formation process, Chapter 2 discusses how the establishment of the bureaucracy helped the throne win over the Manchu nobility and how the establishment of the bureaucracy as the new foundation of the imperial authority transformed the nature of the privy purse. Chapter 3 examines the formalization of the imperial fiscal separation and its functions, looking especially at how the consolidation of the Qing rule and the expanded territories under the imperial control shaped both source of privy revenues and imperial spending behaviors. Chapter 4 unveils the expansion of privy revenues during the eighteenth-century economic prosperous era both as the consequence of the political centralization and as the instrument of releasing fiscal and military dynamisms of the centralized crown. Chapter 5 discusses how the unprecedented duration and intensity of the Taiping Rebellion not only disrupted the traditional fiscal relationship between central and provincial governments, but also broke down the traditional fiscal separation between the central government and the imperial household. Chapter 6 examines the court's effort to codify imperial fiscal separation into the constitution in last few years of the dynasty as its last attempt to revive centralized imperial power and how such efforts provoked even more vigorous elite protests and facilitated the dynastic downfall. The conclusion summarizes arguments of each chapter and unfolds the significance of this study on our understanding of the nature of the Qing rule and modernity in Chinese history.


This paper compares public health care with private health insurance in an overlapping generations endogenous growth model. It is shown that economic growth is higher when there is a private health insurance.


Automatic clustering of languages seems to be one possible application that arose during our study of mathematical methods for computing dissimilarities between strings. The results of this experiment are discussed.


I argue that a dilemma arises for naturalistic philosophers of mind in the naturalised semantics tradition. Giving a naturalistic account of the mind is a pressing problem. Brentano's Thesis — that a state is mental if, and only if, that state has underived representational content — provides an attractive route to naturalising the mental. If true, Brentano's Thesis means that naturalising representation is sufficient for naturalising the mental. But a naturalist who accepts Brentano's Thesis thus commits to an eliminativism about the category of the mental. This is because naturalistic theories of representation are reductive, and so over-generalise by applying to patently non-mental states. According to these theories, it has been argued, phenomena like tree rings and saliva come out as representational. Only proposing further Naturalistic conditions on representation could avoid the eliminativist conclusion. But this shows that Naturalists have made only limited progress towards naturalising the mental. And if a Naturalist rejects Brentano's Thesis, then she gives up on a clear link between representation and mentality. Hence, it is incumbent on the Naturalist to propose another, naturalistically acceptable, mark of the mental. This, again, shows that Naturalists have made only limited progress on the issue of naturalising the mental.


Undergraduates' personality education is the core content of all-round development education in universities.Under the guidance of "student-oriented" and "entirely coordinate and sustainable development "theory,we should open up ways to personality education,adhere to the essential principles,and construct the undergraduates' personality education content system with intellectual personality,affective and will-based personality,creative personality,moral personality as its key contents,so as to improve the effectiveness of personality education.


The genus Isthmohelea Ingram and Macfie is reduced to a subgenus of Monohelea Kieffer, with type-species Monohelea disjuncta (Ingram and Macfie) (NEW COMBINATION) from Chile. The second known species, M. shannoni NEW SPECIES is described from Patagonia.


ABSTRACT:This article examines the debate in the Italian Catholic world which erupted during the Arab-Israeli war of June 1967. At the time, Italy was governed by the Christian Democrats, a Catholic-based party in a center-left coalition and the Italian electorate leaned heavily towards Israel, as newspapers, magazines and many politicians feared a possible resurgent genocide against the Jews. Only a few important but minority public figures took radically different positions: Foreign Minister Amintore Fanfani and, more moderately, Prime Minister Aldo Moro together with their allies in the party. After the end of the war, many Italian Catholics changed their minds: Israel no longer risked "a new holocaust," and the tragedy of the Palestinian people became obvious.


ABSTRACT I examined the diel abundance of cladocerans in the vertical and horizontal profiles through a Chara hispida stand and adjacent open water areas in Lake Wielkowiejskie. The total abundance of cladocerans differed significantly between the stations with the middle part of the stonewort bed having the lowest densities (irrespective of time). Single species differences were recorded for Bosmina longirostris, Ceriodaphnia quadrangula, and Diaphanosoma brachyurum. Total cladoceran abundance at night differed significantly from that observed during the day (irrespective of sampling site); in the central part of the stonewort stand, the highest densities occurred in the early morning, while all other zones had highest densities at night. Single species (Alona costata, Alonella exigua, Bosmina coregoni, B. longirostris, Ceriodaphnia pulchella, C. quadrangula, Chydorus sphaericus, and D. brachyurum) differed mostly with regard to dusk vs. morning or night. Even though the distances between the sampling stations were less than 0.5 m, a classical zooplankton abundance distribution for lakes with fish pressure was observed on a microscale, in terms of both vertical and horizontal profiles within the stonewort bed and the adjacent zones of open water. Chlorophyll a, conductivity, pH, and dissolved oxygen were correlated with diel cladoceran distribution.


Both Mair Verthuy and Sherry Simon caution me, and correctly so, on the use of the term "universal politics" . I left the definition implicit, to be picked up as one reads, rather than explaining it explicitly as I have done elsewhere . 1 This is a serious weakness because it is an important concept in my argument and because there is a growing awareness among feminists that we must not deny differences among women and must not arrogantly claim the last word . The term "universal" is very liable to be misunderstood as representing just such an imperialist homogenizing intention .


From the thirteenth century through the nineteenth, the Court Beguinages, large semi-monastic communities for women called Beguines, were integral to urban life in the Catholic Low Countries. In the wake of the Dutch Revolt and reestablishment of Spanish rule in the Southern provinces from the mid-1580s, the Beguinages became increasingly aligned with the ideology of female monasticism, and particularly with the tradition of Mary and Martha: the mix of contemplative prayer and humble work that had traditionally been at the heart of tertiary convents and other active female congregations. While many Beguines did indeed make their livings from manual labor, the Beguinages also offered women of ambition unparalleled opportunities to take on leadership roles of great responsibility and authority. This essay examines the labor of Beguinage administration in the early modern period and situates the careers of Beguine leaders in their social and gendered contexts.


2′,3′-Dideoxy furanopyrimidines were shown to display anti-HCMV activity via a non-nucleoside mechanism. Further studies into highly modified sugar derivatives led to the preparation of N-and O-alkylated C10 furanopyrimidine analogues, and this work is described herein. These compounds were tested against HCMV strains, and the first case of submicromolar activity was observed.


Several clinical conditions may affect the palatine tonsil, including inflammatory, infectious and tumoral diseases. Despite lymphomas are the second most common malignancy of the head and neck, extranodal Hodgkin lymphoma is a rare occurrence. The most common manifestations of Hodgkin disease include enlarged lymph nodes and constitutional symptoms. We present the rare case of Hodgkin lymphoma presenting with a tonsillar mass. We emphasize the importance of the macroscopic appearance of tonsillar lesions that may yield the key to anticipate the diagnosis of this condition.


Two-octave imaging spectrometer utilizes light of two harmonically related wavelengths diffracted to harmonically related orders at same angles, followed by separation via dichroic beam splitter before final imaging. Conceptual design of spectrometer calls for minimum number of optical elements to achieve coverage of required visible and near-infrared wavelengths in instrument of reduced size, weight, and cost.


Recalling The Shots was a special event as part of the programme Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere hosted by the Tyneside Cinema. Writer, artist and curator Steven Ball presented a specially curated programme showcasing landmark artworks from the past 40 years, including experimental cinema classics, rarely screened artists' films, and rediscovered seminal video works. In connection with Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere, these works investigated familiar cinematic roles such as the actor, the director, the voice-over artist, and the extra; reconstructing performance, music and scene description from classic cinema, television and contemporary media.


This note describes the effect of disk pregrooves on the Magneto-Optical read-out. The pregrooves give rise to a depolarization of the diffracted beams and affect the MO read-out. The presence of the depolarization effect can be shown both by calculations and experiments.


In this study, we introduce a novel hybrid conjugate gradient [CG] to solve an efficient and effective unconstrained optimization problem. The parameter θk is a convex combination of the conjugate gradient method βkBA2 and βkFR . Under strong Wolfe line search conditions (SWC), we have shown that this method is globally convergent, and the proposed hybrid CG method is able to generate a descending search direction at each iteration. The numerical results presented, in this paper demonstrate that the proposed strategy is both effective and promising.


The fall dormancy of alfalfa is closely related with the expression levels of phytochrome genes.In order to establish a rapid and sensitive real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(FQ-PCR) system for detecting the expression levels of PHYA and PHYB mRNA in alfalfa,total RNA was extracted from alfalfa leaves,and the partial sequences of Actin,PHYA and PHYB genes were cloned by RT-PCR.Subsequently,the method of measuring the expression levels of PHYA and PHYB mRNA in alfalfa was set up by analyzing and evaluating the melting curves and specificity of PCR products with SYBR Green I dye.To verify the accuracy of this established FQ-PCR system,the expression levels of PHYA and PHYB mRNA in alfalfa variety "WL-232" were tested,the results showed that this method of testing PHYA and PHYB mRNA level was accurate,and could be used for measuring lots of samples of alfalfa variety.


Counting on the deficiency in sine-wave fitting method,this paper introduces an original method,multi-harmonic sine-wave fitting,to estimate delays between channels in synchronous data acquisition system.This paper also includes following contents:the source of error in estimation process,computer simulation about estimation process,and sine signal′s initial phase estimation accuracy discussion according to these two methods.Simulation results prove that multi-harmonic sine wave fitting method had better measurement precision and relaxed source harmonic distortion and frequency error requirements.


The current fascination with material culture has enriched the dialogue between the traditionally complementary disciplines of economics and history. Nevertheless, when they meet in the camp of economic history, economists and historians have found themselves speaking a different language. It is not that the economist finds evenements relating the minutiae of historical research to be the product of long division in the age of computerized equations, or that the deferential historian is chagrined by the marvels of differential calculus. What is at issue between the post-Braudelian world and the post-Keynesian one is not a vocabulary of words as opposed to one of numbers, but rather a divergent perspective born of different assumptions and goals.2 For the economist, there are two universals -statistics and theory. Rules governing publication in the Journal of Economic History and the Economic History Review express this concern by demanding that articles have general theoretical interest-as if particularist historical research were the last bastion of an irrelevant antiquarianism. For the historian, on the other hand, there is only one criterion-meticulous research. Theory remains at best eclectic, at worse nonexistent, always pragmatic, and rarely verbalized. In a review article of Immanuel Wallerstein's The Modern World System (Journal of Modern History 48 [1976]: 685-92), for example, Herman Kellenbenz provides a critical summary, probing the historiographical problems simplified or distorted by Wallerstein. Kellenbenz challenges the application of a center-periphery model but never confronts its theoretical implications because, as he himself admits, historians remain impressed if still perplexed by such tours de force. Sharing a common interest is not sharing a common program. The materialist history boom has thus far yielded only an illusory, superficial bond in interdisciplinary studies because of a methodological disjunction in the identification and interpretation of past and present categories. There is no disagreement that materialist history takes as its focus tangible and measurable points of reference in society and economy. But


OBJECTIVES
Primary Sjögren syndrome (pSjS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by mucosal dryness and systemic symptoms. We tested the effects of inhibition of cathepsin S using the potent and selective inhibitor RO5459072 on disease activity and symptoms of pSjS.

METHODS
This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, Phase IIA study to investigate the effects of RO5459072 (100 mg twice daily [BID]; 200 mg per day). Seventy-five patients with pSjS were randomized 1:1 to receive either RO5459072 or placebo for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with a ≥ 3 point reduction from baseline in European League against Rheumatism (EULAR) Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) score. We also investigated the effects of RO5459072 on quality of life, exocrine gland function, biomarkers related to Sjögren's syndrome, and safety and tolerability.

RESULTS
The proportion of patients showing an improvement in ESSDAI score was not significantly different between the RO5459072 and placebo arms. No clinically meaningful treatment effects were observed in favor of RO5459072 for all secondary outcomes. Analysis of soluble biomarkers indicated target engagement between RO5459072 and cathepsin S. There were modest decreases in the number of circulating B-cells and T cells in the RO5459072 group, although these did not reach significance. RO5459072 was safe and well-tolerated.

CONCLUSIONS
There was no clinically relevant improvement in ESSDAI score (primary end point), and no apparent benefit in favor of RO5459072 in any of the secondary endpoints. Further work is needed in order to understand the mechanisms of MHC-II-mediated immune stimulation in pSjS.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT02701985.


The three squaraines (SQs) here indicated as VG1-C8, VG10-C8, and VG11-C8 (Figure 1) have been synthesized and employed as dye sensitizers of p-type dye-sensitized solar cells (p-DSCs) when screen-printed NiO is the nanoporous photocathode. The photoelectrochemical performance of the three differently sensitized p-DSCs is compared in terms of the structural diversities among the three SQs. The p-DSC with VG11-C8 as sensitizer, i.e., the sole SQ with a dicyano–vinyl substituent on the central squaric ring, results in the most efficient device because of the highest values of overall conversion efficiency (η > 0.04% for VG11 vs η < 0.02% for VG1 and VG10). Moreover, VG11 is the sole SQ of the C8 series which exerts a favorable synergistic effect on the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of screen-printed NiO. The antiaggregating agent CDCA (= chenodeoxycholic acid) in the sensitizing solution of NiO is beneficial on the performance of the corresponding p-DSCs when the ratio [CDCA]/[dye] is 1:10 for all three...


The He(np 3P → 2s 3S) emission lines from n = 5–12 have been observed in a He flowing afterglow. A comparison of the He-pressure dependence of the emission intensity with those predicted from the two-body [He+][e−] and three-body [He+][e−][He] and [He+][e−][e−] recombination processes indicated that the high Rydberg He(np 3P: n = 5–12) states are produced from the last three-body collisional-radiative (CR) recombination reaction.


The C/sup 13/ kinetic isotope fractionation in the decarbonylation of liquid formic acid was studied over the range 59.8 to 100.0 deg ; (k/sub 12//k/ sub 13/) lay in the range 1.06 to 1.04. The observed temperature dependence was examined by the gamma-bar'' method of Bigeleisen and Wolfsberg, the semi- empirical'' method of Yankwich, Weber, and Ikeda, and several two-center'' approaches. Of the approximately 4.5% isotope effect, only a few tenths of a per cent is temperature independent; the calculated sums of the differences upon activation of the diagonal cartesian force constants correspond especially well with the value expected for C -O bond rupture, and indicate strongly that this rapture is a major component of the reaction coordinate motion. (auth)


Objective To examine the correlation betwee different methods of preoperative skin preparation and post-operative surgical site infections and propose scientific,effective,and convenient measures for infection control.Methods The factorial design in this study considered three possible factors of post-operative surgical site infections,including factor A(shaving),factor B(way of cleaning),factor C(timing of skin preparation).There were 8 combinations in the design.The incidence of infection was analyzed for the total patients and each specificied group based on factors A,B,C.Results A total of 1 802inpatients were included in this investigation.Infection was identified in 146(8.1%)patients,including 80(8.2%)of the 978 patients undergoing type I operation,66(8.0%)of the 824 patients receiving type II operation(P0.05).Microbiological pathogens were identified for 65 patients.The top three pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus(22.5%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(15.3%)and Escherichia coli(13.9%).The surgical site infections were mainly seen in gastrointestinal tract surgery(42,10.3%),followed by orthopedic operation(37,10.1%).The incidence of surgical site infections was significantly different between groups(χ 2=24.540,P= 0.001).The incidence of infection in A1B1C1(no shaving,cleaning with clear water,skin preparation one day before operation)and A2B1C1(shaving,cleaning with clear water,skin preparation one day before operation)groups was 12.4% and 13.6% respectively,significantly higher than that in other groups(P 0.05).The incidence of infection was 8.5% at A1 level(no shaving),and 7.7%at A2level(shaving)(P0.05).For factor B,the incidence of infection was 10.5% when cleaning with clear water(B1),and 5.6% when cleaning with soap(B2)(P0.05).The incidence of infection was 9.8%at C1level(skin preparation one day before operation)and 6.4%at C2level(2 hour before operation)(P0.05).The total number of bacterial colonies was significantly different between groups by analysis of variance(F= 34.436,P0.01).Factor B and C,but not A were independent risk factor of post-operative surgical site infection(P0.01).There was interaction between factor B and C,A and C(P0.01),but not A and B(P0.05).Secondary interaction was also found for A and B and C(P 0.01).Conclusions Preoperative skin preparation plays an important role in prevention of surgical site infection.The skin cleaning with soap or disinfectant before operation is the most important measure for infection prevention,which is helpful to kill or remove the colonizing bacteria.Shorter interval between skin preparation and operation is conducive to the reduction of bacterial multiplication,which is also beneficial for prevention of infection.If the operating field is adequate,skin injury should be minimized by cutting hairs or using hair removal agent,and shaving is not necessary.


Objective To observe the effect of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing lig- and(TRAIL)on human gastric cancer BGC-823 and to evaluate its relation with death associated protein 3(DAP3).Methods Nude mice model implanted sub-cutaneously with BGC-823 was established.Dif- ferent doses of TRAIL(0,1,5 and 10 mg/kg)were administrated intraperitoneally.The rate of tumor inhibition and apoptosis of tumor were measured.The expression of DAP3 protein and mRNA was detect- ed by Western blot and RT-PCR method respectively.Results The tumor weight of the 5 mg/kg group and 10 mg/kg group was(2.57±0.35)g and(2.49±0.26)g respectively,both significantly less than that of control group.The expression of DAP3 protein and mRNA was increased in 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/ kg group.Conclusion TRAIL could inhibit human gastric cancer BGC-823 implanted in nude mice.Its mechanism might be related to enhanced expression of DAP3.


[Objective]To evaluate the nutritional status of the primary and secondary school students in Dali prefecture,so as to provide scientific foundation for further development of the nutritional work for students.[Methods]The height and weight of the students were measured according to the instruction of the national physical fitness of students health research manual.The method of'height standard body weight' recommended by WHO in 1985 was used to determine the nutritional status of the adolescents of the Bai ethnic or Han ethnic aged 7-18 in November,2010.[Results]Among 2 623 surveyed,163 were malnutrition,with a malnutrition rate of 6.21%.The peak age of malnutrition was 17 years old in the Bai ethnic females(P0.05).Whereas there was no statistical difference in the ratio of malnutrition among various age in males.The peak age correlated to overweight and obesity both were 13 years old for the Bai ethnic or Han ethnic girls.Obesity rate of the high incidence of age in Bai girls were 13 years old,no significant difference among various age in Han girls of all age.Overweight,obesity rates in Bai,Han boys of all ages showed no significant difference.The ratio of malnutrition of females was higher than males of both Han and Bai ethnic(P0.05).The ratio of overweight and obesity of males was higher than females in Han ethnic(P0.01).Compared with Bai boys,the ratio of obesity in Han increased.The ratio of malnutrition,overweight and obesity were higher in urban areas than rural areas(P0.05).The ratio of malnutrition was mild among different groups.[Conclusion]The nutritional status of the primary and secondary school students cannot be ignored in Dali prefecture.The measures of nutrition should be adopted to prevent and cure malnutrition,overweight and obesity in the future.The necessary measures must be employed to guarantee the balanced diet and rational nutrition for the students.And the education of the nutrition and health care for all focused on the school must be carried out.


It is demonstrated that in significance testing under certain assumptions the lower limit of a confidence ratio (proportion of alternative hypotheses accepted that are true) and the lower limit of a power ratio (proportion of true His tested that are accepted) are both a function of the number of tested hypotheses accepted and the number of tested hypotheses refused acceptance. It is proposed that historical values of the latter quantities are observable and that the lower limits of the ratios may be valuable in justifying the use of significance testing procedures.


By mid-1987 the world population had reached 150 billion, and it is continuing to grow at a rate of about 150 babies a minute. Many of these babies are born into a supportive family unit, many others are born into deprived conditions, and still more die shortly after birth. The Transition to Parenthood is largely about the first group and in particular the transition to parenthood of white middle class Americans. Placed alongside Unicef s report The State ofthe World's Children,' the findings reviewed in this book may seem banal. But in our society, where marital conflict and child abuse seem to be becoming endemic, there is a need to understand the social, economic, and psychological factors that influence the transition to parenthood, not just motherhood. The book provides a comprehensive review of these issues and considers the character of intervention programmes that could ease the transition. One theme of the book is the continuity between prenatal and postnatal experiences and attitudes. Michaels, one of the book's editors, discusses the issue of expectancies versus outcomes. He concludes that those couples whose prenatal expectations about postnatal household and childcare assignments and about the nature and extent of emotional support from the spouse were violated postnatally reported greater disappointment and marital dissatis-


Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Chapter One: Foundations and Facades Chapter 3 Chapter Two: "The Decay of Agriculture" Chapter 4 Chapter Three: Patrons and the Peasant Question Chapter 5 Chapter Four: Voice from the Provinces Chapter 6 Chapter Five: "Not only to be read, but fulfilled" Chapter 7 Conclusion Chapter 8 Bibliography


Peter was late for school. Peter: It was so slippery. When I took one step ahead, I slipped back two. Teacher: Oh, yeah? Then how did you get here? Peter: I finally gave up, and started for home.


Background

The integrated crop-livestock-forest (ICLF) system is a sustainable production model composed by tree species intercropped with annual crops and forage species. The choice of the tree species that will compose the ICLF is characterized as a fundamental requirement in the adoption of the system. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the initial growth and adaptation of two eucalyptus genotypes cultivated in ICLF systems in the Brazilian Cerrado.
Methods

The eucalyptus genotypes (E. cloeziana and E. urograndis) were intercropped with Sorghum bicolor and Urochloa brizantha in two ICLF systems in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Qualitative data expressed by occurrences of damage and weaknesses, as well as quantitative data measured by survival rates, diameter at soil height, diameter at breast height, and total height of trees were evaluated in four periods. The data were analyzed by a correlation matrix and analysis of variance, and them qualitative and quantitative data to were analyzed in relation to the rainfall distribution during the studied period.
Results

The occurrence of Trigona spinipes and termite were the main biotic factors that caused damage and weaknesses to E. cloeziana and E. urograndis, respectively, directly impacting the initial growth and survival rate of eucalyptus.. The growth of E. urograndis was higher than E. cloeziana at 450, 630, 1020, and 1320 days after transplanting. On the other hand, E. cloeziana showed the highest survival rate (80.6%) while E. urograndis presented greater tolerance to the water stress.
Conclusion

The hibrid E. urograndis proved to be more adapted to edaphoclimatic conditions studied in the Cerrado region and can be indicated to ICLF systems implanted in regions characterized by high temperatures and irregular rainfall distribution.


If we can measure the masses of all the charginos and neutralinos from the future electron and muon collider, we can determine the M1, M2, μ and tan β in MSSM ( CP is conserved ) uniquely by a simple solution, which is very important to the string model building and future M-theory model building. And if we just measured part of those masses, we can also discuss the soft tems with the given equations between the soft terms and the chargino and neutralino masses.


We study the groups of self homotopy equivalences of topological pair in the category of topological pairs.For homotopy associative and inversive Co-H spaces X and Y,we obtain a split short exact sequence 1→(?)(X)→(?)(X∨Y)→(?)(Y)→1 under certain conditions.