Abstract As private home ownership grows in Europe, so do the problems of maintenance and repair for poorer owners. In England, it has been believed that one obstacle is the owners' apparent satisfaction with poor conditions. This paper deconstructs the questions in the English House Condition Survey 1981 on which that assumption has been based. By reference to other EHCSs and to a research methodology offering a more differentiated approach to establishing residents' views, it suggests that the problem is not ignorance at all. A more subtle understanding of the validity of housing satisfaction questionnaires is needed to develop effective policies of urban renewal.


The chemical modification of sugar moiety in nucleoside or nucleotide is always an important way to discover new lead compounds with anti-viral,anti-tumor and other biological activities.As competitive inhibitors of natural nucleoside receptors,sugar-modified nucleoside analogues have been well studied in the past few decades.In this review,the studies on azanucleosides,which possess an azaribofuranosyl moiety and hold therapeutic potentials,were summarized.


Countries in the Asia-Pacific region abound in a wealth of cultural expressions, but these expressions are not often recognized as skills that may be used to revitalize communities. ICH safeguarding needs to look beyond research and documentation, building databases on art forms, and creating awareness through one-off festivals or made-up landscapes where the artists and crafts persons are uprooted from their natural environment to engage in demonstration. The paper shares examples from an initiative in India that emphasizes the need for investing in communities to revitalize their traditional skills and promote community-based creative enterprises, including cultural tourism to safeguard ICH. The Art for Life (AFL) initiative of banglanatak dot com, a social enterprise headquartered at Kolkata, India, aims at fostering an alternative pathway for development using cultural heritage as concrete means for improving people's livelihoods and empowering local communities. Around twelve languishing folk art forms have been revitalized. The initiative has led to improved income and quality of life for 5,000 traditional artists. Non-monetized outcomes include improved Investing in People to Safeguard ICH


outpatient department of the Infectious Diseases Division, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taiwan, in February 2014, owing to right anterior chest wall pain for three days. A posterior-anterior chest radiograph showed an opacification over right upper lobe (Fig. 1). Non-enhanced computed tomography demonstrated a 25mm nodule in the right upper lobe (Fig. 2). There was no lymphadenopathy. The patient was diagnosed to have round pneumonia and was Indian J Med Res 142, October 2015, pp 495-496 DOI:10.4103/0971-5916.169228


This paper describes how road construction and maintenance directly impacts users and resident activity. Typically, impacts are pollution, reduced road usage, depletion of resources, noise. Within the framework of its mission to promote innovation and development in road methodologies, Setra, the technical department of the French Ministry for Equipment, is monitoring two modern techniques minimizing some of these impacts: pavement cold recycling, in situ or in the plant, and warm mix asphalts. Studies on these techniques show different states of progress. Cold recycling is in a final stage, whereas warm mix asphalts are still in an intermediate stage. A survey on the knowledge, practices and concerns of all players points to the view of project owners, contractors, and users. It shows that creating an appropriate analysis base provides useful elements of reflection. This paper aims at defining potential orientations and supporting action required for developing the use of these techniques.


An analysis based on a statistical survey undertaken in 1971 of the request and reservation service provided by Nottinghamshire County Library. The survey method is described, results are tabulated and the most significant results and conclusions arising from the survey are discussed. The effects and implications of such a survey on the service are outlined in a footnote by the County Librarian.


Introduction: vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are an essential tool against the COVID-19 pandemic. The vaccine developed in collaboration with the University of Oxford and the AstraZeneca (AZN) laboratory has proved to be effective, although venous thrombosis have been reported.Clinical case: the study presents the case of a 70 year old male patient who, 7 days after receiving the first dose of the AZN vaccination develops deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremities and pulmonary embolism. Simultaneously, thrombocytopenia is 15.000/mm3, fibrinogen levels drop D-dimer levels are elevated. The clinical situation leads to the suspicion of vaccine-associated immune thrombosis and thrombocytopenia (VITT). The patient was treated with intravenous immune globulin, methylprednisolone and cryoprecipitates, requiring a filter to be placed in the inferior vena cava. Once platelets count improved, anti-coagulation therapy including apixaban was commenced, evolution being good.Discussion: this is the first national report on VITT. Thrombosis after the AZN vaccination may be seen in other vaccines that use the same vaccine platform (inactive adenovirus). Cases have been reported mainly in patients younger than 60 years old and in unusual topographies. In particular, this case presents a male patient that is older than 60 years old, who had already been infected with COVID-19 five months before and who currently consults with thrombosis in regular sites. Therapeutic handling observed international guidelines. The case contributes relevant data both in terms of early diagnosis and therapeutic handling.


This report presents an investigation of a pseudotetrahedral bromocuprate
(II) compound. The bromocuprates exhibit a great structural diversity, however,
the comparatively rare compressed tetrahedral compounds have been somewhat
neglected. The determination of the electronic and geometric structure of these
compounds has implications in the analysis of active sites in copper blue proteins.
Electron Spin Resonance (E.S.R.) and optical spectra have been
measured at low temperature, for single crystals of copper (II) doped into bis(
ethylenediammoniummonobromide) tetrabromozincate (II), ( enH.HBr)2 ZnBr4.
The room temperature powder reflectance spectrum has also been measured for this
compound, along with that of the pure zinc analogue.
The transition energies derived from the electronic spectra have been
assigned and compared to the respective transitions based on previous studies.
With the aid of a computer program, a set of theoretical transition energies has been
calculated utilizing the Angular Overlap Model. Adjusting these to fit the observed
values confirms the presence of a distorted tetrahedral geometry for the guest ion.
At 77K, the E.S.R. spectrum of (enH2)2Zn[Cu]Br6 exhibits well
resolved copper hyperfine and bromine superhyperfine couplings. Computer
simulation techniques have produced optimum values for these parameters, which
suggest that the principal z-axis of the superhyperfine tensor does not coincide with
the copper-bromine bond direction. The bonding in the guest [CuBr4]2- ion has
been described in terms of the relative unpaired electron density within the bromine
4s and 4p orbitals, which shows an increased covalency when compared with the
chlorine counterpart. A highly rhombic g tensor results in an unusual groundstate.
The calculated mixing coefficients and corresponding wavefunction parameters
show that the dz2 orbital makes a small but significant contribution by mixing with
the pure dx2-y2 orbital.


Reviews the development of public libraries in Brazil, taking a close look at the reasons why such institutions have not developed their collections in a systematic manner. Posits the necessity of organizing collection development activities rationally. Highlights the difficulties public libraries routinely face in Brazil for fulfilling this task. Argues that a better management of public library collections can bring concrete benefits to Brazilian society, as well as help librarians to obtain better support from their clientele and from more senior management.


Olivine LiFePO_4 was a new kind of cathode material for lithium-ion battery. This material was cheap and environmentally benign. It has a relatively large theoretical capacity of 170mAh/g. compared with other iron-based compound, it has no toxicity, good thermal stability in full charged state and little hygroscopicity. So it has attracted particular interest. But LiFePO_4 has poor conductivity at room temperature, which baffle its application. In this paper, in order to improve the conductivity, Li_(0.99)Y_(0.01)FePO_4 was prepared by solid-state reaction. The result showed that Li_(0.99)Y_(0.01)FePO_4 had good electrochemical performance whose initial capacity was 129.9mAh/g and had very little capacity fading after 15 circles at room temperature.


The CubeSat Laser Infrared CrossLink (CLICK) mission goal is to demonstrate a low cost, high data rate optical transceiver terminal with fine pointing and precision time transfer in a leq1.5U form factor. There are two phases to the technology demonstration for the CLICK mission: CLICK-A downlink, and then CLICK-B/C crosslink and downlink. The topic of this paper is the design and prototyping of the laser communications (lasercom) terminal for the CLICK-B/C phase. CLICK B/C consists of two identical 3U CubeSats from Blue Canyon Technologies that will be launched together in Low Earth Orbit to demonstrate crosslinks at ranges between 25 km and 580 km with a data rate of ≥20 Mbps and a ranging capability better than 0.5 m. Downlinks with data rates of ≥10 Mbps will also be demonstrated to the Portable Telescope for Lasercom (PorTeL) ground station. Link analysis using current parameters & experimental results predicts successful crosslink & downlink communications and ranging. Moreover, closed-loop 3σ fine pointing error is predicted to be less than 39.66μrad of the 121.0μrad 1/e transmit laser divergence. The status of the payload EDU and recent developments of the optomechanical and thermal designs are discussed. 1 Link Analysis and Experiment Operations In this section, the CLICK B/C concept of operations (ConOps) will first be presented. Operations, link, and pointing analysis will be presented for crosslink experiments followed by downlink experiments. Figure 1 shows the CLICK B/C ConOps. The two spacecraft (CLICK B & CLICK C) will be co-deployed into low Earth orbit (LEO) in a stringof-pearls configuration: nearly equal orbital elements except for mean anomaly, which determines the relative range. The spacecraft are not equipped with propulsion, so differential drag manuevers will be used to establish the desired relative ranges by phasing the spacecraft such that their relative range gradually increases and then decreases over time during the mission. All spacecraft (S/C) operations, including differential drag and laser communications experiments, will be scheduled by the mission operations center (MOC) located at MIT via daily Sband radio contacts with three ground antennas in the KSAT Lite global network. The nominal minimum and maximum range requirements for crosslink demonstration experiments are 25 km and 580 km. Downlink experiments will also be conducted using an optical ground station (OGS) called the Portable Telescope for Lasercom (PorTeL) located at MIT Wallace Astrophysical Observatory. The CLICK B/C mission is the second phase of the CLICK mission. The first phase, CLICK A, will only demonstrate downlink experiments and will use the same OGS. At the scheduled time of initiation of the crosslink experiment (t0), the two spacecraft use ephemeris information about each other provided by the MOC ground command to coarsely point at each Author last name 1 34 Annual Small Satellite Conference Figure 1: Concept of operations for the CLICK-B/C mission. other in order to close an S-band radio crosslink. The radio crosslink is used to exchange navigation data generated in real time via the on-board Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. This data is used to maintain accurate open-loop pointing of the payload apertures for up to 2 minutes prior to timeout if closed-loop tracking is not initiated. This pointing, acquisition, and tracking (PAT) phase is called coarse stage tracking in open-loop (CSTOL). During this time, a 974 nm, 3 kHz sine modulated, 250 mW average power beacon laser is activated by each payload, which is in-turn detected by each payload's wide field of view (FOV, 10.6◦) tracking camera. The centroid data from the tracking camera is used to generate pointing angle errors for closedloop spacecraft pointing, which is maintained for the remainder of the experiment. This phase is called coarse stage tracking in closed-loop (CSTCL). The beacon is then acquired by a narrow FOV (0.32◦) quadrant photodiode detector (quadcell), which is used for closed-loop fine stage tracking (FST) of the transmit laser (1537 nm (B) or 1563 nm (C)) using a Mirrorcle fine/fast steering mirror (FSM). The beacon's sine modulation is used by the quadcell for filtering. This also aligns the received transmit signal onto the 0.24◦ FOV communications receiver: an avalanche photodiode detector (APD). The signal received by the APD will be processed in real-time on-board to achieve either a ≥ 20 Mbps communications link or ranging via time-transfer capability better than 0.5 m. The baseline link duration requirement is 5 minutes; however, the system is designed to be able to achieve a beacon link duration of up to 15 minutes and a communications link duration of up to 14 minutes. Downlink experiments will be performed following a concept of operations similar to the CLICK A mission with some variations described here. Once again, the spacecraft will point the payload apertures at the optical ground station's (OGS) geodetic coordinates starting 15 minutes prior to t0, which is defined as the time at which the elevation angle of the spacecraft with respect to the OGS is zero degrees. The ground station's 975 nm, 2.5 W average power beacon will be pointed at the spacecraft using ephemeris data generated by orbit determination computations carried out by the MOC using the spacecraft's GPS telemetry data (this is the OGS's CSTOL phase). Note that the OGS beacon is now modulated at 3 kHz; hence, the average 2.5 W power rather than the 5 W power of the unmodulated CLICK A uplink beacon. The spacecraft pointing is sufficiently accurate such that the uplink beacon will be directly detected by the quadcell without needing the camera, although the capability for camera feedback to the spacecraft during downlink exists if needed. Once the beacon signal is detected by the quadcell, fine stage tracking (FST) initiates similar to that of the crosslink, except that the downlink is simplex as the OGS is receive-only. Upon activation of FST, the transmit laser is received by the OGS tracking camera, which enables the OGS's CSTCL phase for the remainder of the overpass. Simultaneously, the OGS's FST phase is Author last name 2 34 Annual Small Satellite Conference activated using its own FSM, which centers the received signal onto its APD for communications data rates that are required to be ≥ 10 Mbps. Unlike CLICK A, which will use an oscilloscope to sample the OGS APD data, during the B/C mission, the demodulation electronics developed for the B/C payloads will also be used by the ground station to demodulate the communications signal in real-time. 1.1 Crosslink Analysis Although crosslinks between spacecraft in a stringof-pearls configuration do not have the rapidly varying range challenges of a downlink, they do have a stray light control challenge since the sun can easily come within the keep out angle of the payload sensors. To mitigate this, the CLICK B/C payloads are designed with stray light control features and coatings to mitigate noise from solar radiation up to a keep out half angle of 46.5◦ (see Section 2). Crosslink Access Determined By Sun-Keep Out


AbstractThe structure of the "Vascular plexus" as found in the nodes of some Indian Dioscorea species has been described in details for the first time. Some new aspects regarding the 'Vascular plexus' also, have been brought out by the detail study of the structural and the light microscopic examination of several species; only four species have been described in the present paper.Longitudinal sections passing through the nodes reveal the presence of a large opaque, ovoid body at the junction of the petiole and the main axis. This ovoid body has been referred to as 'Ganglion' (large). It is found that this 'Ganglion' is 'Fibro-vasal mass' composed of 1 to 2 irregular to convex masses according to different species, made up of interlacing mass of prosenchymatous xylem enclosing one to many 'glomerulus' (phloem).The large 'Ganglion' leads to one to many smaller 'Ganglia' arranged in a tier below the former and connected with vessels (Burkill, 1949).Detailed examination shows that 'glomerulus' is a group of ...


Animals should naturally select diets that provide the most benefit for the least cost. Many factors, however, can alter diet selection and may impact the ability to choose optimal diets. For example, dietary history may play a large role in how quickly an animal will switch to a novel and perhaps more optimal diet. The current study first aimed to evaluate diet quality using growth rate as a proxy in Planorbella trivolvis (Planorbidae) fed a range of common laboratory lettuce diets. Next, we sought to determine the extent to which diet acclimation influenced subsequent diet selection using the same laboratory lettuce diets. Snails fed cooked green romaine grew significantly more than snails fed cooked yellow romaine, uncooked green romaine or cooked kale. In a series of acclimation/selec


The supply and cost function based on operating network of single and return rail transportation has been developed in the paper with a model to measure the degree of scale economies and scope economies in the network. After its application in a local rail company, it is determined that deregulation over railway can enhance its market power and compete with the truck transportation to some extent. The freight rate is the primary factor to determine the selection of mode.


The reAct approach is an innovative learning strategy which is developed and used to re-motivate the disengaged from education and learning. These youngsters constitute a considerable social problem in Europe and the aim of the project is to find ways to recover the intrinsic motivation to learn and thereby improve the opportunities for participation. Essential is the development of an innovative learning strategy in which the learner is in control of the learning process. The paper starts with an introduction on the challenge these dropouts pose to the society at large and the learning strategy developed to cope with this matter. Internet technologies play a key role in the methodology and links to a virtual environment similar to social networks, which is user-configurable and based on the concept of the Personal Learning Environment (PLE). This EU project is half way and some preliminary results can be shown. More data are being collected to eventually answer the question of the impact this reAct approach can have in helping dropouts finding their own way.


Metode partitioning yang dipilih adalah K-Means. Data yang digunakan adalah 8 variabel kemiskinan pada 34 provinsi di Indonesia tahun 2019. Penentuan jumlah cluster menggunakan validasi internal dan validasi stabilitias menunjukkan bahwa metode hierarki dengan jumlah cluster 2 menghasilkan cluster yang paling optimal. Perbandingan metode hierarki dinilai berdasarkan agglomerative coefficient, dimana metode Ward mampu memberikan hasil pengelompokan terbaik. ABSTRACT – Poverty is an important indicator in seeing the success of a country's economic development. The poverty rate in Indonesia is 9.22 percent with a total poor population of 24.79 million people. Poverty data in each region will be different, influenced by various indicators. Therefore, it is important to categorize regions in Indonesia based on poverty characteristics so that the government can make the right policies related to poverty reduction. This study uses two clustering methods, namely partitioning and hierarchy to group provinces in Indonesia based on poverty characteristics. The partitioning method chosen is K-Means. The data used are 8 poverty variables in 34 provinces in Indonesia in 2019 The determination of the number of clusters using internal validation and stability validation shows that the hierarchical method with the optimum number of clusters 2 produces the most optimal clusters. The comparison of the hierarchical method is assessed based on the agglomerative coefficient, where the Ward method is able to provide the best grouping results.


A Chinese-medicinal cream for preventing and treating the rot of fruit tree is prepared from the 2,4-D(2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) as plant cell auxin (4-10 ppm) and 6 Chinese medicinal materialsincluding oriental wormwood, phellodendron bark, flavescent sophora root, etc. Its advantages are high effect and no environmental pollution.


This paper proposes a fast and robust algorithm for classification and recognition of ships based on the two-dimensional Principal Component Analysis (2DPCA) method. The three-dimensional ship models achieve by modeling software of MultiGen, and then they are projected by Vega simulating software for two-dimensional ship silhouettes. The 2DPCA method as against conventional PCA method for simulated ship recognition using training and testing experiments, as the training and testing sample size is large, and there are great variations in different azimuth and elevation for ship viewpoints. The experiment of ship recognition using the global feature of ships is not satisfied with us, so we proposed an improved 2DPCA method based on the local feature of ships. Some recognition results from simulated data are presented, it shows that the improved 2DPCA method outperform PCA in ship recognition and also superior to PCA in terms of computational efficiency for feature extraction. So our method is more preferable for ship classification and recognition.


The impact of the globalization on the world nations differs from one aspect to another. There are many approaches for the outcome of globalization. Globalisation cannot be depended on the outcome of capitalism or communism or end result of industrial revolution. A correct explanation of globalisation needs to consider "a complex and fluctuating mix of interlinked political, economic, cultural, ecological and psychological forces, some of which are mutually reinforcing and some of which are contradictory." Globalisation has inevitable economic, social, cultural, results on the world nations. In this paper especially the increasing role of the individuals, nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) and some other institutions are questioned and effects of these on the global welfare researched. On the one hand globalisation which force nations to become more liberal and freer but dependent to the global projects and regulations and on the other hand increasing protection in international market, especially protection in agricultural sector. In this paper only direct payments of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union are considered to question the distribution and welfare effects for illustrating the contradiction between globalisation and protection. Does neo-liberalism refer to an economical policy, which is directed against Keynesianism, which pleaded state-intervention to support the demand? Does protection contributed to the welfare of the nations or not? If yes, which protection will better contribute to the world welfare? Here the trade relations between EU members and Turkey as a third country are considered. In the first chapter globalisation is explained and theoretical approaches on globalisation are briefly given. Finally in this chapter a considerable importance of comparative advantages theory on the globalisation is explained. In the second chapter, social and economic perspective of globalisation is given. On economic perspective, financial flow, free trade and foreign direct investments (FDIs) of multi national firms are questioned. And on social perspective global, cosmopolitan and risk culture are redefined. In chapter three, the impact of the new world order and new actors of the globalisation and their effect on the world politics and economics are discussed. In the fourth chapter, the economic effects of the globalisation is questioned by considering the EU's support measures, of which input subsides, direct payments export subsidies and custom tariff measures are only considered to illustrate the economic effects of protection. The reason of this consideration is that most of the less developed countries are dependent on agricultural sector. This will contribute for better understanding the application of protection in such a global world.


This paper tries to shed new light on demand-led growth from a disaggregated multiplier-accelerator model (the supermultiplier, so to speak). This mechanism was presented as an answer to Harrod's instability puzzles (Serrano, 1995; Bortis, 1997, Dejuan, 2005). The solution, however, was greeted with suspicion even among Sraffian and postKeynesian economists (Palumbo & Trezzini, 2003; Lavoie, 2010; Smith, 2013). A multisectoral setting of the supermultiplier model, as a variant of Pasinetti's vertically hyper-integrated sectors, may help to understand its meaning and the mechanisms through which it shapes the structure of the economy until the warranted rate of growth matches the autonomous trend. It also clarifies the limits of the autonomous trend and the conditions for stability in the lines opened by White (2009) and Allain (2013).


where the (et) are independent and identically distributed symmetric random variables. In contrast to ARCH and GARCH processes, AR(1) processes with ARCH(1) errors are not solutions of linear stochastic recurrence equations and there is no obvious way to embed them into such equations. However, we show that they still belong to the class of stationary sequences with regularly varying finite-dimensional distributions and therefore the theory of Davis and Mikosch can be applied. We present a complete analysis of the weak limit behaviour of the sample autocovariance and autocorrelation functions of (Xt), (JXtI) and (X2). The results in this paper can be seen as a natural extension of results for ARCH(l1) processes.


Based on the analysis of problems of traditional teaching and combination of teaching practice of Tunnel Engineering,the course teaching reform is explored from the teaching objectives,teaching content,teaching mode,curriculum evaluation and other aspects.The aims are to enhance learning initiative,enthusiasm and creativity,to improve teaching quality and efficiency,thereby to promote the overall development of the quality of students.


The proportion of chelates of Cu 2+ with gelatin in a pH value range between 8.0 to 13.0 is determined by spectrophotomentry.In a result, the ratio increases with increasing pH value. The proportion of chelates doesn't change almost when the temperature increases.


Crystallization of stoichiometric KAlSi3O8, RbAlSi3O8, and CsAlSi3O8 gels (single-phase and multiphasic gels) and glasses with and without seeding has been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The pure gels of K-, Rb-, and Cs-feldspar compositions crystallized mainly to leucite (KAlSi2O6), a Rb analogue of leucite (RbAlSi2O3), and pollucite (CsAlSi2O6), respectively. The KAlSi3O8 glass also yielded leucite. No feldspar phases crystallized in the temperature region studied. The leucite crystallization temperature was lowered by using multiphasic gels. The crystallization sequence of the KAlSi3O8 glasses and single-phase gels did not change upon seeding with isostructural feldspar crystals. No significant crystallization effects were detected with the use of RbAlSi3O8 and CsAlSi3O8 multiphasic gels. However, K-feldspar (sanidine) was crystallized by using both compositionally and structurally different gels of KAlSi3O8, i.e., multiphasic gels seeded With feldspar crystals. The microstructure of oriented sanidine crystals around the seeds indicated an epitaxial crystallization mechanism.


We have investigated the structural, optical, and electrical properties of both as-grown and vacuum annealed In2O3 thin films. In contrast to the insulating as-prepared samples, vacuum annealed In2O3 films exhibit a metallic electrical conductivity with increased carrier concentration and mobility. We attribute the excess carriers to an oxygen deficiency introduced during vacuum annealing. Remarkably, these carrier densities seem to be stable under ambient conditions for at least two years. Optical spectroscopy measurements show a large optical transparency, greater than 80%, for both the as-prepared and vacuum annealed In2O3 films.


First, let us consider the anatomic meaning behind the mnemonic. It pertains to the muscles from the chest (pectoralis major), back (latissimus dorsi), and scapula (teres major) that attach to the bicipital groove of the humerus in a specific arrangement to facilitate movement of the arm. During clinical anatomy examinations, an often-tested anatomical detail is that the latissimus dorsi (or "Lady"ssimus dorsi) attaches between the pectoralis major and teres major. Thus the mnemonic "A Lady Between Two Majors."


Relative rates of reaction between oxygen atoms and hydrocarbons have been determined at 25°C ± 5°C. With reference to isobutene, the relative rates for ethylene, propylene, 1‐butene, cis‐2‐butene, trans‐2‐butene, 1,3 butadiene, and 3‐methylbutene‐1 are: 0.042 ± 0.010, 0.20 ± 0.05, 0.18 ± 0.07, 0.79 ± 0.25, 1.25 ± 0.35, 0.96 ± 0.35, and 0.22 ± 0.05. Hydrocarbons and oxygen atoms are mixed prior to detection of the oxygen atoms by their chemiluminescent reaction with nitric oxide. The chemiluminescent signal is simply related to the product of the gas‐phase contact time, the hydrocarbon concentration, and the reaction rate constant for the oxygen atom‐hydrocarbon reaction. With an oxygen atom concentration of approximately 107 cm−3 at a system pressure of 10 torr, olefinic hydrocarbon concentrations as low as 1.0 parts‐per‐million are used to establish the relative rates.


We prove a Hochschild-Kostant-Rosenberg decomposition theorem for smooth proper schemes $X$ in characteristic $p$ when $\dim X\leq p$. The best known previous result of this kind, due to Yekutieli, required $\dim X<p$. Yekutieli's result follows from the observation that the denominators appearing in the classical proof of HKR do not divide $p$ when $\dim X<p$. Our extension to $\dim X=p$ requires a homological fact: the Hochschild homology of a smooth proper scheme is self-dual.


A 32-year-old male consulted a hospital with a complaint of left scrotal swelling. Serum hCG3 and LDH levels were elevated and computed tomography demonstrated a suspicious small lymphadenopathy in the paraaortic region. Left inguinal orchiectomy was performed. Histological examination demonstrated seminoma. We diagnosed the disease as clinical stage 2A and the patient received 2 courses of chemotherapy with cisplatin, etoposide and bleomycin. After this therapy, the small lymphadenopathy in the paraaortic region did not decrease in size. We considered this lesion a vessel or connective tissue. Although he achieved clinical complete remission and serum LDH level was normalized, the serum hCG1 level remained low level positive. Urinary hCG1 level after chemotherapy was below the threshold of detectability. We measured the serum from this patient as well as control sera by twoand four-fold dilution with a diluent comprised of mouse serum as a heterophilic antibody-blocking agent. The serum hCG1 level of this patient was obviously decreased ; in contrast, control sera were decreased in parallel. The serum hCG1i level of this patient remained low level positive without recurrence for 8 months after chemotherapy. These results strongly suggested that low level of positivity for serum hCG1 in this case was a false positive finding. We consider the measurement of urinary hCG13 and dilution measurement using a heterophilic antibody-blocking agent to be useful methods of distinguishing false positive findings for serum hCG13. Key words; testicular cancer, human chorionic gonadotropin 1


Purpose: To report the clinical, paraclinical and histopathologic features of eyelid mass lesions in a patient with tuberous sclerosis. Case report: A 14 year old boy with a slowly progressive right upper lid mass and history of seizures, mental retardation and multiple skin lesions on the face and body was referred to Labbafinejad Medical Center. Cortical tubers and subepandimal nodules were reported in neuroimaging and fibroadenoma with sebaceous hyperplasia were observed on histopathologic assessment. A diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis was made based on multiple major signs and the patient was referred to other subspecialities for comprehensive medical care. Conclusion: The ophthalmologist may be the first specialist to diagnose tuberous sclerosis because of associated ocular signs. Attention to systemic signs is necessary to establish a diagnosis.


Abstract Aim/hypothesis Persistent organic pollutants have consistently been associated with increased diabetes risk in humans. However, very few studies have assessed the risk of chronic low-dose exposure to pollutants during pregnancy. We investigated the short- and long-term impact of chronic low-dose dioxin exposure during pregnancy and lactation on glucose homeostasis and beta cell function in female mice, including their response to a metabolic stressor later in life. Methods Female mice were injected with either corn oil (CO; vehicle control) or 20 ng/kg/d TCDD 2x/week throughout mating, pregnancy, and lactation, and then tracked for 6-10 weeks after chemical exposure stopped. A subset of CO- and TCDD-exposed dams were then transferred to a 45% high fat diet (HFD) or remained on standard chow diet for an additional 11 weeks to assess long-term effects of TCDD on adaptability to a metabolic stressor. Results Dioxin-exposed dams were hypoglycemic at birth but otherwise had normal glucose homeostasis during and post-dioxin exposure. However, dioxin-exposed dams were modestly heavier than controls starting 5 weeks after the last dioxin injection, and their weight gain accelerated after transitioning to a HFD. Dioxin-exposed dams fed HFD also had accelerated onset of hyperglycemia, dysregulated insulin secretion, reduced islet size, increased MAFA- beta cells, and impaired proinsulin processing compared to control dams on HFD. Conclusions/interpretations Our study suggests that chronic low-dose dioxin exposure during pregnancy may contribute to the rapid rise in obesity and diabetes incidence seen worldwide.


The customer analysis can be applied widely in many situations, such as surveillance system, digital signage, store entrance, etc. In digital signage application, when customers are viewing ads, the system can automatically analyze multiple attributes of customers, including customer's gender, age, height, viewing distance, the degree of interest and total number of visitors. The advertising companies or store owners can judge potential customers who might interest in some particular products and increase the probability of the products being purchased through those customer analysis data. Another application in the store entrance is to calculate the total number of customers, gender and age statistical results in each time interval. That significant information can be used not only to integrate with point of sale (POS) system for letting the customers has a relationship with their purchased products but also to make the staff arrangement more adequate. The important equipment used in this system is the RGB-D sensor (Xtion Pro Live) which can capture the 3D depth information and 2D color image simultaneously. According to the 3D depth information, the system can detect and track the human to get the viewing distance, height and total number of visitors. Then the 2D image recognition technology is adopted to detect the face from human contour region and to recognize their gender, age and attention time for degree of interest. Finally, the system returns the analysis results and statistical information to the advertising companies or store owners for providing a reference in their business strategy.


The article presents the results of an empirical study of orientation to money of ambitious person. Ambition and orientation to money are the motives of a person's social activity. Ambition is a person's desire to become a significant and recognized person for other people. Orientation to money is a person's a person's desire to increase well-being desire to increase well-being. People who consider themselves ambitious have a low (75.75%) and an average (24.24%) orientation to money. People who do not consider themselves ambitious have a low (85.71%), average (7.14%) and high (7.14%) orientation to money.


BACKGROUND: The choice of implant between the extramedullary Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS) and intramedullary Proximal Femoral Nail (PFN) in the surgical management of pertrochanteric fractures is still an enigma. Various meta-analysis conducted so far have yield conflicting results. METHODS: Prospective randomized controlled study including 30 patients with 30 pertrochanteric fractures out of which 15 were treated with DHS and 15 with PFN. RESULTS: The overall functional outcome of patients treated with the PFN was significantly better than those treated with DHS (p<0.037), especially in patients with unstable fractures. Other advantages of PFN included smaller incisions, shorter operative times, relatively less blood loss and less postoperative pain and early ambulation. CONCLUSION: We conclude that in stable intertrochanteric fractures, both the PFN and DHS have similar outcomes. However, in unstable intertrochanteric fractures the PFN has significantly better outcomes in terms of earlier restoration of walking ability and less limb length shortening.


In the deoxy ferrous state of histidine-ligated heme proteins, the iron−histidine band (νFe-His) has been assigned as a stretching mode that involves a two-body motion involving the iron and histidine combined with a minor amount of heme doming. An analogous Raman band, νFe-L has been observed in the proximal cavity mutant of H93G myoglobin where the Raman band of a series of nonnative axial ligands, L, can be compared. The H93G mutant of myoglobin consists of substitution of the proximal histidine, H93, by glycine. This replacement abolishes the sole covalent connection between the globin and the heme iron and creates a cavity that can be occupied by exogenous ligands, L, by dialysis. In the present study, the iron−axial-ligand out-of-plane vibration, νFe-L, for a series deoxy ferrous heme-iron adducts H93G(L) has been measured as a function of temperature, where L = imidazole (Im), 4-methyl imidazole (4-Me Im), 2-methyl imidazole (2-Me Im), 1-methyl imidazole (1-Me Im), 4-bromo imidazole (4-Br Im), and ...


Objective
To compare the dynamic hip screw with proximal femoral nail for the treatment of Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen type A2 and A3 per trochanteric fractures of femur.

METHODS
The randomised controlled single-blind study was conducted at the Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from September 2015 to September 2017, and comprised patients aged 40-75 years with Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen type A2 and A3 per trochanteric fracture. The patients randomised into two equal groups. In Group A, patients were treated by closed reduction and internal fixation with dynamic hip screw, while those in Group B were treated by closed reduction and internal fixation by proximal femoral nail. Follow-up was done at 2nd, 6th and 12th weeks, and at 6th, 9th and 12th month post-operatively. Variables evaluated were frequency of union, surgical time, approximate amount of blood loss and complications. The functional assessment was done by using Harris hip score. SPSS 20 was used for data analysis.

RESULTS
Of the 68 patients, there were 34(50%) in each group. The mean age of patients in Group A was 60.88±12.49 years and in Group B it was 59.32±2.39 years. The mean surgery time in Group A was 58.71±7.84 minutes and in Group B 35.35±5.48 minutes (p<0.05). Mean blood loss was 273.82±30.0ml and 149.79±21.3ml in Group A and B respectively (p<0.05). The mean Harris hip score after 12 months in Groups A and B were 81.83±23.01 and 87.62±17.28 respectively. Infection was seen in 2(5.9%) patients in Group A and 1(2.9%) in Group B.

Conclusion
Proximal femoral nail provided equivalent functional outcome compared to dynamic hip screw with lesser blood loss and surgical time.


The purpose of this study is to develop the KPIs(Key Performance Indices) needed to improve management and strategy in the dental clinic based on the four perspectives of BSC(Balanced Scorecard). The questionnaire was conducted on 52 dentists approved by Dental Managment Research Committee in Seoul National University as a panel. Using the Delphi technique, the top five KPIs for each point of perspective in BSC were extracted from KPI pools. In the third survey, the top five KPIs of all points were compared with each other through AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) method, and priority and overall importance rankings were calculated. The biggest difference in the three level AHP results was the customer perspective took priority to others. In the second survey, the financial perspective, which was number one, was pushed back. The overall significance of KPIs was in the order of customer, internal process, finance, learning and growth perspective, with the exception of medical profits (5th of 20) and new patient growth (10th of 20). We were able to overcome the limitations of the Delphi Technique with the AHP method. In general, the financial perspective in BSC is known to be the most important, but we conclude that the customer perspective is more important through the pairwise comparison survey. In the current dental service market, which is a long-term recession, excessive competition, customer satisfaction and customer relationship management seem to be the first goal to pursue in dental clinic.


Whether you knew her as Marjorie, Marge, Margie, "Dr. J.," or Dean Jeffcoat, Marjorie Jeffcoat likely made a lasting impression on you. Marjorie was instrumental in shaping my career and life. I had the privilege of knowing her as a teacher, collaborator, colleague, and close friend. Without a doubt, her advice, knowledge, and style influenced me along with many others. She made a lasting impression on the world of dental research, and I would say that we are better for it. Ultimately, we are better off for the lasting impression a schoolteacher made on Marjorie. Miss Pitt transformed the world of science and math into an attractive and exciting world of wonder for Marjorie. She later credited her desire to pursue science in college, and, perhaps more importantly, to pass on to her students the enthusiasm for science, to that early inspiration. She certainly passed that enthusiasm on to me—it's one of the reasons I love being part of an academic health center. The lesson here is the importance of science being fun; that it was fun for Marjorie was readily apparent to anyone who worked with her or heard her speak. She enjoyed being a woman of science; along the way, she made significant multidisciplinary contributions to oral and craniofacial health, contributing more than 300 manuscripts to the literature that were highly cited in several areas and had a pivotal impact in health and biomedical discovery. Marjorie's interest in science led her to Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) for college, where she made 2 critical decisions: the first was choosing a healthcare career in dentistry; the second was choosing a life partner in her husband, Bob (Robert Jeffcoat). Clearly, the first was a good decision and the second was brilliant. Bob was there through sickness and health; not only was he the partner we knew socially at dental research meetings, he was also a collaborator. Bob crossed over to craniofacial research from engineering on multiple occasions, drawn into the field by Marjorie's enthusiasm. The lesson here is that sharing your passion with the people you love builds a stronger bond. In a time when a pandemic is upending the work–life balance, Marjorie—like many scientific leaders—let the divisions blur. Some of her best weekends were rejuvenated by writing or analyzing data. One such weekend resulted in one of her most influential papers: a big data study using insurance claims that measured the impact of periodontal disease on 5 major systemic conditions (Jeffcoat et al. 2014). In considering the interaction of oral health and overall health, she identified a statistically significant reduction in the overall medical cost of care when periodontal disease was addressed. The manuscript has had a ripple effect on our medical colleagues, insurance companies, and public policy makers. Marjorie clearly understood that being productive is as important to your health and well-being as a walk in the woods or an evening at the symphony (and she loved those as well). Marjorie also understood that being passionate about work is not an excuse to overwork. If anything, it's more of a reason to take a break so that you don't lose passion for what you do. She understood when your passion dwindles, your productivity and even your personal life can suffer. The number of hours you put in doesn't matter; the goal is to never let your creativity get depleted. Make sure to find ways to restore your energy and passion, be it a hobby that you enjoy or something else that lets you relax, unwind, and recharge. The key lesson is to never let the science become work. 1001360 JDRXXX10.1177/00220345211001360Journal of Dental ResearchMarjorie Jeffcoat Tribute research-article2021


Now days new technologies are booming due to their higher speed and security, large storage and latest applications. Area of Image Processing also enriched with such latest techniques like advanced applications. But as the human face is non-rigid object, the robust face recognition under uncontrolled conditions is still challenging which make it an interesting area of researchers. LDP gives better texture encoding approach than LBP [2] and the generalization of LBP is LTP [5.] This paper analyses performance of Local Directional Pattern (LDP) over Local Ternary Pattern (LTP) in Face Recognition. The illumination invariance is handled by Weber Local descriptor (WLD) and face recognition process is done by Speed up Robust Feature (SURF)


With the deepening of the research of knowledge management, more and more scholars begin to study the Conversion of individual Knowledge and Organizational Knowledge from the interior of the enterprises. In the process of knowledge conversion, individuals and organization have promoted the conversion and application by means of cooperation to acquire market earning, however, at the time of income distribution, there is always labor conflicts, which will increase the complexity of the knowledge conversion process of individuals and organization. Therefore, from the point of view of game theory, this paper will explore and analyze the nature of behavior choices of individuals and organization in the process of knowledge conversion.


With its discovery soon after the adoption of radar technology for weather surveillance, the so-called radar "brightband" has long been known to be emblematic of precipitation processes within the melting layer (e.g., Cunningham 1947; Austin and Bemis 1950). The melting layer is of significant interest to meteorologists due to its impacts on quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE; e.g., Giangrande and Ryzhkov 2008), aircraft icing conditions (e.g., Oraltay and Hallett 2005), sudden transitions of surface precipitation type (e.g., Kain et al. 2000), and cooling-induced dynamical responses including gravity wave generation (e.g., Szeto et al. 1988), turbulence and convection within the melting layer (e.g., Stewart et al. 1984), and mesoscale wind perturbations (e.g., Atlas et al. 1969). Because of its importance, many studies have sought to model the melting layer and its effects. Bulk microphysics schemes generally struggle to reproduce the observed radar brightband (e.g., Iguchi et al. 2014) due to the lack of mixed-phase hydrometeors. As such, spectral bin microphysical models with a rigorous treatment of the melting process for individual particles have often been used (e.g., Matsuo and Sasyo 1981; Klaasen 1988; Mitra et al. 1990; Grim et al. 2009). These models can be coupled with electromagnetic scattering calculations to compute the simulated radar variables and compare them to observations (e.g., Planche et al. 2014). Radar polarimetry offers enhanced insight into microphysical processes beyond that of reflectivity (Z) alone. As such, more recent studies have attempted to model the polarimetric characteristics of the melting layer (e.g., Giangrande 2007; Trӧmel et al. 2014). Observational studies of the polarimetric signatures of the melting level have existed for decades (e.g., Browne and Robinson 1952; Zrnić et al. 1993), but the adoption of quasi-vertical profiles (QVPs; Ryzhkov et al. 2016) of radar data has provided high-quality timeseries of vertical profiles of polarimetric variables through the melting layer. This has revealed interesting features such as "sagging" brightbands, sudden and transitory downward excursions of the melting layer signature hypothesized to be due to riming (Kumjian et al. 2016). The goal of this study is to develop and present a one-dimensional model of the melting layer coupled to a polarimetric operator and use it to investigate the relationship between polarimetric signatures in the melting layer and the associated diabatic cooling profile.


In this research, I show that aggregate information from financial statement analysis helps in predicting real economic development. Further, I show that using the top 100 U.S. public companies, ranked by market capitalisation, represents a convenient method to proxy for the entire portfolio of traded companies. I then show that aggregate accounting information of the same 100 biggest companies has predictive information for next quarter real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth, after controlling for the traditional stock market returns, and explains a portion of professional macro forecasters' revisions and errors. Konchitchki and Patatoukas (2014a) provide an intuitive framework for these findings. Yet, I contribute by finding that aggregate accounting drivers from the Alternative Breakdown provide greater predictive power when compared to DuPont and that introducing financial and nonfinancial data split reduces heterogeneity. Another contribution of mine is introducing out-of-sample analysis. Although, I find that current methods used by professional macro forecasters exhibit slightly lower rootmean-square error (RMSE), I only use annual stock market returns and aggregate accounting profitability drivers in my model.


In this paper presents an algorithm for directional over-current relay coordination based on linear programming. The relays are configured by adjusting time dial setting (TDS) of function properly in normal and fault conditions. The TDS adjustment is performed by using linear programming. For test, 6-bus and 9-bus test power systems are situated. Furthermore, there are also identified primary relay and backup relay pairs when fault occurred. Performance above that can solve the problems; adjust TDS of each relay and determine the minimum time relay coordination. The results illustrated that linear programming is simple and can be used for solving optimal coordination of directional over-current relays.


Many destructive methods for measuring residual stresses such as the slitting method require an inverse analysis to solve the problem. The accuracy of the result as well as an uncertainty component (the model uncertainty) depends on the basis functions used in the inverse solution. The use of a series expansion as the basis functions for the inverse solution was analysed in a previous work for the particular case where functions orders grew consecutively. The present work presents a new estimation of the model uncertainty and a new improved methodology to select the final basis functions for the case where the basis is composed of polynomials. Including nonconsecutive polynomial orders in the basis generates a larger space of possible solutions to be evaluated and allows the possibility to include higher‐order polynomials. The paper includes a comparison with two other inverse analyses methodologies applied to synthetically generated data. With the new methodology, the final error is reduced and the uncertainty estimation improved.


"Attic Center emerges as the place where different faculties of the university with the aim of creating diverse experiences and build interdisciplinary knowledge in laboratories interact. It is created with the ideal technology to link academia and says German Rey ( Rey, Attic: Training from creation) ""built to cultural encyclopedia of children and young people and not just as a support to knowledge knowledge"".Research Study for the supply of external courses aims to examine the feasibility of launching a range of courses in audio, video, photography and lighting for customers outside the Javeriana Community. This is proposed for the training area of Penthouse Center in order to optimize the physical resources that are already in the center, maximize profits and have better utilization of licenses."


The article analyzes the experience of fighting epidemics and infectious diseases on the territory of the Kirov region of the USSR during the great Patriotic war. During the war period, the region experienced outbreaks of various types of typhus, scarlet fever, measles, tularemia and other infections among the population and the military contingent. The set of anti-epidemic measures was a system of effective interaction of various agencies, services and organizations of the region. The analysis of the epidemic situation is based on the study of materials from the Central and regional state archives of the Russian Federation.


In streamer chamber technology. A description is presented of streamer formation in high-energy physics streamer chambers. While the streamers in these chambers are used to record trajectories of charged particles passing through them, the shape of the streamers themselves offers additional insight into the avalanche-streamer formation process. Modifications to the qualitative features of older descriptions of this process are made to account for the observed phenomena. (auth)


The paper presents the diagnostics of the temporomandibular joints and microvessel channel of the parodontium by the MRI methods and duplex ultrasound scanning. On the base of these data the treatment of the syndrome of temporomandibular joints disfunction, complicated by chronic paradontitis, was performed.


The genus Schiffnerula is represented by 80 species in India belonging to the anamorphs Mitteriella (single species, assigned to Schiffnerula ziziphina), Questieriella (10), Sarcinella (39) and the teleomorph Schiffnerula (31). Of these, Sarcinella loranthacearum, Schiffnerula cryptostegiae, Schiffnerula flacourtiae, Schiffnerula lagerstroemiae and Schiffnerula meliosmatis are proposed as new species and a new family, Schiffnerulaceae is proposed to accommodate Schiffnerula. All the taxa are described and illustrated in detail.


The assessment of mammographie risk analysis is an important issue in the medical field. Various approaches have been applied in order to achieve a higher accuracy in such analysis. In this paper, an approach known as Extreme Learning Machines (ELM), is employed to generate a single hidden layer neural network based classifier for estimating mammographie risk. ELM is able to avoid problems such as local minima, improper learning rate, and overfitting which iterative learning methods tend to suffer from. In addition the training phase of ELM is very fast. The performance of the ELM-trained neural network is compared with a number of state of the art classifiers. The results indicate that the use of ELM entails better classification accuracy for the problem of mammographie risk analysis.


Scallop skirt is hydrolyzed with neutral protease.Based on the single factor experiment,the response surface methodology(RSM)is employed to investigate the main influence factors on the degree of hydrolysis(DH)to establish a regression model.The conditions of enzymic hydrolysis for scallop skirt are optimized by RSM as follows:substrate concentration of 7%,concentration of enzyme of 23154(U/g dry matter),hydrolysis temperature of 49.1 ℃,pH 7.8,hydrolysis time of4 h,the optimized DH could reach 50.420%.The experimental values agree with those predicted from the regression model within a relative error of 1.087%,indicating agood fitness.


PURPOSE: A rehabilitation training device for wrists and ankles is provided to easily train the wrists and ankles of a user. CONSTITUTION: A rehabilitation training device for wrists and ankles comprises a base frame (10), a connecting frame (20), a driving unit frame (30), a pivot frame (40), a first driving unit, a second driving unit, a body coupling member (70), and holding members (81). The connecting frame is rotationally connected to the base frame. The driving unit frame is rotationally connected to a first rotary shaft. The pivot frame is rotationally connected to a second rotary shaft. The first driving unit rotates against the first rotary shaft. The second driving unit rotates against the second rotary shaft. The body coupling member is fixed to the body of a user. The holding members are selectively combined with or released from the pivot frame.


At about noon on Thursday, 2 March 1905, Charles Gore knocked on the south-west door of St Philip's Birmingham, and, having been admitted, proceeded to be enthroned as the first Anglican bishop of Birmingham. A commemorative booklet described those ceremonies minutely, but only briefly alluded to the prolonged agitation for the creation of the diocese. Apart from passing references and a perceptive analysis, in an earlier pamphlet, of the reasons for the initial failure of the scheme, no substantial secondary literature on the subject exists.


Luis H. Toledo-Pereyra Borgess Research Institute, Michigan State University, Kalamazoo Center for Medical Studies, Kalamazoo, Michigan, and Department of Surgery, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA O n October 21, 1736, when William Shippen, Jr. (1736–1808), was born in Philadelphia, Anglo-Saxon America was under British dominance, medical schools did not exist, and physicians were trained by apprenticeship [1, 2]. It was not a simple task to learn medical principles and to institute them in daily clinical practice. William the younger, as he has been frequently called, attended distinguished schools in the East, including Samuel Finley's school at Nottingham and Princeton College in New Jersey, where he obtained his A.B. in 1754 as valedictorian of his class. He decided to follow in the footsteps of his distinguished father, William Shippen (1712–1801), a prominent and respected medical doctor in Philadelphia and one of the founders of the Pennsylvania Hospital in 1753 and of the College of Philadelphia (now the University of Pennsylvania), a trustee of Princeton College for 30 years, and a member of the Continental Congress elected in 1778. William Shippen, Jr., spent 4 years as an apprentice to his father, who had established a lucrative practice [3]. In 1758 he traveled to London, where he studied anatomy and midwifery under the famous Hunter brothers, John and William. Such trips were customary among students who could afford them. After three years, in 1761, he obtained his medical degree from one of the premier medical schools of his time, the University of Edinburgh. His thesis, entitled De Placentae Cum Utero N exu [3, 4], was critically acclaimed. Upon his return to Philadelphia in 1762, Shippen organized the Ž rst course of anatomy lectures to be delivered in the United States. The Ž rst ones were given at the state house on November 16, 1762, and subsequently at his father's residence on Fourth Street. Shippen's knowledge and training, acquired in London from the great anatomist of the time, John Hunter, created a superb atmosphere for successful results, notwithstanding some public disturbances associated with popular criticism of human dissection [4]. His school of anatomy continued until 1765, when


It is demonstrated that the synergistic effect of a gauge field, Rashba spin‐orbit coupling (SOC), and Zeeman splitting can generate chaotic cyclotron and Hall trajectories of particles. The physical origin of the chaotic behavior is that the SOC produces a spin‐dependent (so‐called anomalous) contribution to the particle velocity and the presence of Zeeman field reduces the number of integrals of motion. By using analytical and numerical arguments, the conditions of chaos emergence are studied and the dynamics both in the regular and chaotic regimes is reported. The critical dependence of the dynamic patterns (such as the chaotic regime onset) on small variations in the initial conditions and problem parameters, that is the SOC and/or Zeeman constants, is observed. The transition to chaotic regime is further verified by the analysis of phase portraits as well as Lyapunov exponents spectrum. The considered chaotic behavior can occur in solid state systems, weakly relativistic plasmas, and cold atomic gases with synthetic gauge fields and spin‐related couplings.


The cochlear, especially the imprints in the under surface of the tectorial membrane, was studied with the scanning electron microscope in normal rabbits and guinea pigs. The imprints corresponding to the outer hair cells were seen in normal animals, but those of the inner hair cells were not found in any animals examined. The morphological changes on the reticular lamina and imprints by kanamycin treatment were observed in rabbits. When the outer hair cells were damaged by kanamycin, the degenerated hairs were seen on the imprints as well as the reticular lamina. It was thought that there were the firm junctions between the outer sensory hair tips and the under surface of tectorial membrane. The degenerated hairs on the imprints took longer period to disappear than those of the reticular lamina. The imprints have been observed for five months after the disappearance of the outer sensory hairs. However, their forms did not have changed at all morphologically.


Objective: To explore the effect of emulsification on the bio-accessibility of natural lycopene in male rats. Methods: Totally 30 SD male rats with body weight of 250 g were randomly divided into 3 groups for 10 in each group. The rats were administered emulsified natural lycopene solutions with final lycopene concentrations of 0.263, 0.525 mg/mL and 1.575 mg/mL, respectively once a day for 4 consecutive days. The amount of lycopene in feces collected within 24 h after each administration was determined and the bio-accessibility of natural lycopene was calculated. Results: The bio-accessibilities of emulsified and unemulsified lycopene reached their separate maximum values on the 3th day of administration; increasing administration amount resulted in a lower bio-accessibility of emulsified and un-emulsified lycopene. Conclusion: Emulsification is able to increase the bio-accessibility of natural lycopene.


This article concerns the first phase of a project introducing organizational learning into the Ordnance Corps of the Israel Defense Forces. Conducted as a joint experiment, the project was guided by a set of principles and metaphors that constituted a vision of learning organizations. The article describes the conceptual rationale underlying the project, difficulties encountered and their solutions, and implications of our experience for building learning organizations.


Consap is a locally acting, non-hormonal herbal spermicidal contraceptive isolated from Sapindus Mucorosii. It has been observed to be free from systemic side-effects such as nausea, vomiting and irregularities in the menstrual cycle. It is a woman-controlled reversible method which needs to be used before intercourse. It has additional antitrichomonas activity and is more vaginal friendly. In current study five hundred twenty one (521) women volunteers in the reproductive age group have been screened at 6 centres. Of these 470 were included in the trial covering 2076 months of Consap cream use with 2358 total cycles covered during the study. Out of a total 324 cases who used this cream for at least 6 months and more were considered as completed the trial. In this study only 9 patient failures and 4 method failure pregnancies resulted with a Pearl index of 2.3, which is very well acceptable for general population. This study thus shows that Consap cream when used as prescribed is an effective contraceptive. This herbal contraceptive Consap is a good alternative for women who do not want to use oral contraceptive pills or intra uterine devices.


As a great scholar in Han dynasty, Dong Zhong-shu's ideological system is numerous and complex, covering political, economical, historical and legal areas. His legal though had a great influence on Chinese federalist rule, especially the theory of "Declare somebody guilty according to his intention", which was discussed in this paper.


New data on the insect fauna of Kizhi skerries area are presented. 322 species from 9 orders have been added to the list.


Abstract During postharvest, lettuce is usually exposed to adverse conditions (e.g. low relative humidity) that reduce the vegetable quality. In order to evaluate its shelf life, a great number of quality attributes must be analyzed, which requires careful experimental design, and it is time consuming. In this study, the modified Global Stability Index method was applied to estimate the quality of butter lettuce at low relative humidity during storage discriminating three lettuce zones (internal, middle, and external). The results indicated that the most relevant attributes were: the external zone - relative water content, water content , ascorbic acid, and total mesophilic counts; middle zone - relative water content , water content, total chlorophyll , and ascorbic acid; internal zone - relative water content, bound water, water content, and total mesophilic counts. A mathematical model that takes into account the Global Stability Index and overall visual quality for each lettuce zone was proposed. Moreover, the Weibull distribution was applied to estimate the maximum vegetable storage time which was 5, 4, and 3 days for the internal, middle, and external zone, respectively. When analyzing the effect of storage time for each lettuce zone, all the indices evaluated in the external zone of lettuce presented significant differences (p < 0.05). For both, internal and middle zones, the attributes presented significant differences (p < 0.05), except for water content and total chlorophyll.


We demonstrate the functionality of a mercury capillary lamp with a diameter in the sub-mm range and deep ultraviolet (DUV)/ vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation delivery via an optical fiber integrated with the capillary. DUV spectrum control is observed by varying the fabrication parameters such as buffer gas type and pressure, capillary diameter, electrical resonator design, and temperature. We also show spectroscopic data of the 199Hg+ hyper-fine transition at 40.5GHz when applying the above fiber optical design. We present efforts toward micro-plasma generation in hollow-core photonic crystal fiber with related optical design and theoretical estimations. This new approach towards a more practical DUV optical interface could benefit trapped ion clock developments for future ultra-stable frequency reference and time-keeping applications.


The artificial membrane inside the haemodialyzer is the main determinant of the quality and success of haemodialysis therapy. The performances of haemodialysis membranes are highly influenced by the interactions with plasma proteins, which in turn are related to the physical and chemical characteristics of the membrane material. The present cross‐over study is aimed to analyse the haemodialysis performance of a newly developed asymmetric cellulose triacetate membrane (ATA) in comparison to the conventional parent symmetric polymer (CTA).


In a method for producing cross-wound bobbin on a winding station of a textile machine, the pitch angle of the wound thread is changed during winding. The pitch angle is selected as a function of the coil diameter. The coil diameter is calculated from the length of the already wound yarn. An apparatus for producing cross-wound bobbin at a plurality of winding units includes a drive for rotating the cross-wound bobbin. At each winding unit of a variably drivable thread guide for laying a thread wound up in the axial direction of the cross-wound bobbin is provided with a variable pitch angle. There is provided a common sensor for measuring the coil diameter at a plurality of winding units that can be delivered to the winding stations in succession.


Two new metabolites, ethyl 2,4-dihydroxy-5,6-dimethylbenzoate (1) and phomopsilactone (2) were isolated from Phomopsis cassiae, an endophytic fungus in Cassia spectabilis. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR, MS and IR spectral data. Compounds 1 and 2 displayed strong antifungal activity against the phytopatogenic fungi Cladosporium cladosporioides and C. sphaerospermum, as well as cytotoxicity against human cervical tumor cell line (HeLa), in in vitro assays.


The main objective of this research was to identify actors of national examination cheating.  Convergent parallel mixed design was used. Data was collected from 488 teachers via self-  administered questionnaire. Besides, interview and focus group discussion guides were held with  key informants. The quantitative data was analyze and presented by graph while qualitative data  was analyzed thematically. The finding indicated that the perceived role of students were more than 10% more likely that they participated in cheating. Next to students, school principals' involvement  was found to be more than 8%, followed by supervisors, police officers, district education  personals, chiefs and invigilators 5.7%, 5.1%, 3.9%, 1.2% and 1%, respectively. Moreover, key  informants suggested that the school directors are the ones who are mainly forced by the  government educational institutions. Furthermore, key informants reported as the positions are  being kept longer depending on the number of students who pass national examination. The result  shows when the national examination was given, out of the cheatings happened is attributed to the  chain of all actors which is accounts for more than 35%. It was found that, technology based  cheating like sending short message via mobile and social media service is found to be a great  medium for exam theft alongside traditional means. Finally, the study recommended that school  directors should work for propose of producing quality graduates who will be able to work for the  realization of the country's vision rather than passing many students by displacement for the sake  of getting reinforcements.


Background: 17β-Estradiol modulates nociception by binding to the estrogen receptors and also by allosteric interaction with other membrane-bound receptors like the NMDA receptors. The paragigantocellularis lateralis nucleus (LPGi) is also involved in the pain modulation. In this study, the role of NMDA receptors of the LPGi nucleus has been investigated in the 17β-estradiol-induced pain modulation in the ovariectomized rats. Materials and Methods: In this study, the female Wistar rats in the range of 200-270 gr were used. In order to study the role of the NMDA receptors in the 17β-estradiol-induced pain modulation in the ovariectomized rats, primarily, rats were bilaterally ovariectomized and immediately cannulation of the LPGi nucleus was performed. Then, drugs were injected and 15 minutes later 50 μl of 5% formalin was injected into the rat's hind paw; and formalin-induced paw jerking behaviour was recorded for 60 min. Results: The results of the present study showed that the intra-LPGi injection of 17β-estradiol significantly reduced the paw jerking behavior both in the first and in the second phases of formalin test. Pretreatment of the LPGi nucleus by NMDA receptor antagonist (AP5) neutralized the antinociceptive effect of 17β-estradiol on the paw jerking frequency in the both phases of formalin test; and induced hyperalgesia in the both phases of this behavior. Conclusion: These results indicated that the intra-LPGi injection of 17β-estradiol produces modest analgesia on the formalin-induced inflammatory pain. Therefore, it can be concluded that the NMDA receptors of the paragigantocellularis lateralis nucleus are probably involved in the antinociceptive effect of 17β-estradiol in the ovariectomized rats.


MAWRACTICE AND OTHER MALFEASANCES is by Stanley Rosenblatt. The author is best known as a medical malpractice plaintiffs' lawyer, and many will remember his previous books, THE DIVORCE RACKET and JUSTICE DENIED. Rosenblatt first came to national prominence in malpractice litigation when his investigator and best friend, Jerry Burke, died as a result of an anesthesiologist's negligence shortly before Mr. Burke was to have undergone a simple hemorrhoid operation. The doctor had overmedicated him because he thought Burke was "overapprehensive." This impression was based on Burke's questioning of the details of the hemorrhoid procedure a natural thing for an investigator to do. The story of how this case was developed and eventually settled for $1.2 million is the strongest chapter in the book. Other malpractice chapters deal with a chloromycetincase in which aretrial was ordered after evidence of perjury in the first trial was discovered; a Jehovah's Witness case in which indecisive physicians let their patient die; and another anesthetic-related wrongful death case. Sprinkled in amongst these are cases involving an exploding oil drum, a Sears electric sewing machine, two police negligence cases, and the "Baby Lenore" adoption case. In addition to telling some good stories, the author makes two serious points. The first is that it is much more difficult to represent a plaintiff successfully in a negligence action than to suc-


Abstract Laue diffraction spots are exact geometrical projections of the sample, if synchrotron radiation is the X-ray source. Using this principle, inhomogeneous ZnS crystals grown from the vapour phase were studied. The crystals consisted of uniform regions, having various widths; even the narrowest (≈ 1 μmm| resolvable ones had a well-defined crystal structure : cubic, 2H or polytypic. Heating up to 250°C caused, in one case, some structural transformations apparently towards less hexagonal polytypes, but without changing the boundaries of the uniform regions. The results are in full accord with a model of polytype formation based on expansion of stacking faults governed by a screw dislocation (Alexander, Kalman, Mardix and Steinberger 1970). The applicability of synchrotron radia tion Laue micrography to other non-uniform systems is also discussed.


Shumway Ruin is a large Ancestral Pueblo settlement in east-central Arizona occupied during the fourteenth century A.D. The settlement was one of six villages in the Silver Creek drainage established during a phase of community reorganization throughout the North American Southwest. A new architectural map shows that the village was composed of several contiguous room blocks built around two major plazas and a smaller plaza or possible great kiva. Excavations in one of the large plazas and two nearby rooms demonstrate that Shumway Ruin was one of the latest occupied Pueblo villages in the region and was a possible producer of iconographic-style red ware pottery. At the close of the thirteenth century A.D., Ancestral Pueblo communities in the Silver Creek drainage, Arizona, underwent an important phase of settlement reorganization. Earlier small villages were abandoned and populations aggregated at six large towns (Figure 1). These sites set a new threshold in community size, the scale of extramural ceremonial spaces (or plazas), and perhaps commitment to intensive agriculture in the drainage (Kaldahl et al., 2004). One or more of these villages also began to produce a new iconographic-style red ware pottery type (Fourmile Polychrome) depicting birds, zoomorphic figures, and other symbols (Table 1; Carlson, 1970). The appearance of this ceramic type presumably signals the emergence of new religious beliefs at a time when ceremonial spaces expand in size (Adams, 1991). These changes in the Silver Creek area reflect broader cultural transitions that marked the beginning of the Pueblo IV period (A.D. 1275–1540) in the greater Southwest. This paper documents new fieldwork at Shumway Ruin (AZ P:12:127 ASU), one of the largest of the six latest Silver Creek Pueblo villages and one of the last intact archaeological sites from the area that was occupied during the period in which changes in community organization, craft economies, and the composition and scale of ceremonial spaces occur. Other Pueblo IV period sites have been largely destroyed by looting or the expansion of modern settlements. In this report, I summarize excavations conducted in 2002 and provide the first accurate architectural plan view of the village. This work sheds new light on the timing and occupational history of this important area of the Ancestral Pueblo world and represents the first step in a long-term research project in the area. RESEARCH BACKGROUND Shumway Ruin is located along the northern Silver Creek, a tributary of the Little Colorado River in east-central Arizona north of the Mogollon Rim (Figure 1). The village lies along the Mogollon Slope, a natural gradient at the edge of the Colorado Plateau in which drainages flow from the edge of the Mogollon Rim north to the Little Colorado River. Today, private landholdings account for much of the northern Silver Creek drainage, while most of the southern half of the drainage lies within the Apache and Sitgreaves National Forests. In this contribution, I outline the late pre-Hispanic cultural sequence in the northern Silver Creek drainage and review the history of research at Shumway Ruin and nearby Pueblo IV period sites before presenting the results of recent fieldwork. THE LATE PRE-HISPANIC PERIOD IN THE SILVER CREEK DRAINAGE Archaeological sites in the Silver Creek area span a broad time range, beginning with evidence for Paleo-Indian and Archaic period occupations and extending through the arrival of Apache groups during the protoand early-Historic periods (see Lightfoot, 1984; Newcomb, 1999). Shumway Ruin is one of a handful of Ancestral Pueblo sites in the Silver Creek area established at the beginning of the Pueblo IV period (1275–1540; see Table 1). This period of aggregation and appearance of large towns marked the last phase of permanent Pueblo habitation in this part of the upper Little Colorado River valley (Kaldahl et al., 2004). Shumway Ruin and other late pre-Hispanic population centers discussed in this report belong to the broader Western Pueblo region (Reed, 1948); the people who occupied these sites were ancestors of the Hopi, Zuni, and other modern Native peoples. 1. Department of Anthropology, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Contributions in Science, Number 508, pp. 1–19 Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 2006 Pueblo peoples in the Silver Creek drainage lived at a series of small, dispersed villages near the close of the thirteenth century. Most of these sites are contemporaneous with Linden Phase villages to the south and were occupied prior to the appearance of Pinedale-style ceramics (see Mills and Herr, 1999). Aside from the University of Arizona's recent work at sites in the southern Silver Creek drainage (Mills et al., 1999b), few of these thirteenth century villages have been excavated or documented. Many of the midto latethirteenth-century villages in the northern Silver Creek drainage recorded by previous surveys (e.g., Lightfoot, 1984; Neily, 1988) resemble contemporaneous villages in the Hay Hollow Valley to the east (see Martin et al., 1964, 1975). In the northern part of the drainage, these villages range between 20 and 50 rooms with contiguous room blocks built around small plazas or possibly great kivas. In 2002, my crew relocated and mapped Flake Ruin and AZ P:12:87 [ASU], two northern Silver Creek villages dating to this period. Both Figure 1 Archaeological sites in the Silver Creek drainage, Arizona Table 1 Chronological sequence of the Silver Creek area Dates (A.D.) Period Phase Diagnostic pottery style Major sites 1200–1275 Pueblo III Linden Snowflake, Reserve/ Tularosa, and Tularosa styles Flake Ruin; AZ P:12:87 ASU; AZ P:12:99 ASU 1275–1325 Pueblo IV Pinedale Pinedale style Bailey, Pinedale, Showlow, Fourmile, Shumway, and Tundastusa ruins 1325–1390 Pueblo IV Canyon Creek Fourmile and Gila styles Pinedale, Showlow, Fourmile, Shumway, and Tundastusa ruins 2 & Contributions in Science, Number 508 Van Keuren: Shumway Ruin


This study investigates the flow through round orifices with cross flow at the inlet. Emphasis is placed on the change in tangential velocity component for orifices with low L/D. A definition of velocity pick-up is developed based on the orifice exit to cross-flow tangential velocity ratio. Steady, incompressible, and 3D computational fluid dynamics models with the SST k - ω turbulent model are employed to calculate orifice flows with different geometrical and flow conditions. Stationary orifices and axial orifices in a rotating disk are considered. Computational fluid dynamics solutions are compared with experimental results and published correlations for discharge coefficients, and good agreement is generally demonstrated. It is found that the non-dimensional velocity pick-up depends strongly on the ratio of characteristic times for flow to travel across the orifice in the tangential direction and that for the flow to pass through the orifice. A correlation of velocity pick-up as a function of this ratio is given.


This book is exquisite example of women's writing.Sujata bhatt :An Expatriate will introduce you something about new woman who does not to be projected as meek creature but she is a fighter against patriarchal society.She is trying to search her real roots which is still missing.Her real self ossilates in different roles.A women is having shifting identities. Sujata Bhatt's poems talks about her tricultual self,as she belongs to India ,migrated to America for studies and then after marriage to Germany.


Participation of citizens in public policies represents the process of exercising their civil and political rights and,therefore,is of great significance for the policy to be more scientific,democratic,legal and authoritative.However,the current approaches for public policy participation are imperfect and unequal,and the grass-roots population are marginalized.The arrival of the WEB2.0 era,which results from technological changes,provides new approaches and platform for citizens to participate in the process of public policies,namely,the formulation,implementation,evaluation,supervision,control and termination.This will inevitably bring about changes in paradigms and concepts.


Methyl E/Z-pyropheophorbide-a 131-ketoximes 2a,b and their O-acetyl derivatives 3a,b were oxidized with osmium(VIII) oxide to give aldehydes 4a,b and 5a,b, respectively. The Wittig reactions of the aldehyde chlorines 4a,b and 5a,b with benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride were performed to form the corresponding methyl (31E/Z,131E/Z)-32-phenylpyropheophorbide-a 131-ketoximes 6aa-bb and their O-acetyl derivatives 7aa-bb; hydrolysis of these ketoximes 6aa,ba and 6ab,bb in formic acid produced methyl (E/Z)-32-phenylpyropheophorbide-a's 8a,b.


A new pupil location methodis proposed in eye-gaze tracking system. Firstly, input images are enhanced in order to reduce the influence of illumination. Secondly, multiple candidate thresholds are obtained in terms of the valleys in histogram, and then different segmentation results are available. Further, a fusion method based on the overlaps of segmentation results is proposed which acquired candidate regions and the eye region is obtained according to the entropy information of candidate regions. Thirdly, a simple and effective threshold segmentation method based on eye characteristic is employed and pupil area is obtained. Finally, the center of pupil is acquired by ellipse fitting. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed methods were effective to improve pupil location accuracy.


The comparison of the feed requirements of our livestock production on one side and the availability at the national, European and international levels of non-GM feed on the other side, indicates that GMO-free diets for the production of typical food products can be realistically implemented only with a cereal-based feed but not with a feed high in plant proteins, particularly if derived from soybean. This problem is more relevant for the production chain of meat, particularly pork, rather than for the production chain based on milk.


Nanocrystalline soft magnetic Ni-Fe-W alloy films are electroplated by applying different substrate temperatures. In this paper, the effect of substrate temperatures on the magnetic properties is investigated. The morphology and the composition of the plated layers are determined by atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy detector, respectively. Structure and average grain size are characterized by the X-ray diffraction analysis. Magnetic properties of the plated alloy are determined by using the vibrating sample magnetometer. The results show that the coercivity and relative permeability of the plated films can be optimized by changing the substrate temperature. The lowest coercivity value of 257 A/m and the high relative permeability value of 487 are obtained at the substrate temperature value of 5 °C. Plated alloy films have face centered cubic structure. In addition, an increase in the substrate temperature results in an increase in the strain and roughness.


Rintelen B, Neumann K, Leeb BF. A meta-analysis of controlled clinical studies with diacerein in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Arch Intern Med 2006;166:1899–906.

[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4]

 Q In patients with knee or hip osteoarthritis, is diacerein more effective than placebo or other active treatments in reducing pain and improving function?

Clinical impact ratings Rheumatology ★★★★★★☆

### ![Graphic][5] Data sources:

PubMed, Medline, EMBASE/Excerpta Medica, Google, Yahoo, AltaVista, arthritis journals, personal files, reference lists, and the drug company.

### ![Graphic][6] Study selection and assessment:

randomised controlled trials (RCTs), published or reported in English, French, or German between 1985 and 2004, that compared diacerein with placebo or another active treatment in patients with knee or hip osteoarthritis. 19 RCTs (n = 3058, mean age range 48–67 y, 68% women) met the selection criteria, 16 of which were double blinded. Methodological quality of individual trials was assessed using the Jadad scale.

### ![Graphic][7] Outcomes:

pain, function, and use of other medications for pain relief. Outcomes were assessed at 2 time points: at the end of active treatment (duration 1–36 mo, median 3 …

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: Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are critical factors in reducing morbidity and mortality, as delayed treatment of malaria increases the risk of death. Microscopy has long been the standard for malaria diagnosis. Diagnosis plays a vital role in early detection of malaria which is an essential prerequisite for control of the disease. In the present investigation, different detection techniques were used including microscopic analysis (Giemsa staining, Acridine Orange stain) and Quantitative Buffy Coat Analysis (QBC) and immunochromatographic test (ICT) as a rapid diagnostic test. This prospective study was undertaken for detection of malaria parasite in 565 patients suffering from fever and other constitutional symptoms. All the diagnostic tests like AO staining, Giemsa staining, and QBC have been compared with each other on the basis of their sensitivity and specificity. The QBC shows 100% specificity and sensitivity as compared to AO and Giemsa. Out of the 565 blood smears taken from patients coming from different endemic areas revealed 18 cases positive by Giemsa staining but 19 cases positive by AO and 21 were found to be positive by QBC. It may be difficult to determine whether the cases which are positive by AO but negative by Giemsa are true or false positive such questionable cases should perhaps be evaluated by third method, or perhaps the definition of 'gold standard' need to be modified. I have identified all the four species of Plasmodium, i.e; (P. vivax, P.falciparum, P.malariae and P.ovale) causes a different characteristic


If you are struggling with a Printer Not Recognized error when connecting your printer to your PC, it could point to a USB or cable related issue. ...


The C# attributes have been available since the release of this language as a means to configure custom metadata on code elements. Being very similar to Java annotations, they are both introduced directly in the source code. Several C# frameworks such as NUnit, Unity Game Engine, and JSON.net use attributes to allow applications to configure custom metadata, as to execute different behavior and validation. This paper presents the Attribute Sniffer, a tool to collect attributes metrics on the C# source code, also validating the metrics proposed initially for Java annotations.


An underwater trenching apparatus comprising a soil cutting arrangement having a forwardly disposed cutting portion and a rearwardly disposed non-cutting portion, a soil removal device configured to remove soil from a location forward of the soil cutting arrangement and barrier device located and configured substantially to prevent passage of soil to the non-cutting portion of the soil cutting arrangement. The soil cutting arrangement is typically a rockwheel or chain cutter. The soil removal device is typically a dredge pump or eductor.


urpose: To investigate the clinical manifestation of thyroid orbitopathy among patients with thyroid dysfunction. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at 24 general hospitals in Korea. All dysthyroid patients who visited the endocrinology clinic for 1 week were included. Data were collected during an interviewer- administered questionnaire. Thyroid orbitopathy was diagnosed in cases with relevant symptoms according to the VISA classification for which an eye examination was performed. Three hundred seventy-one patients who had thyroid orbitopathy out of 1986 dysthyroid patients were evaluated. Results: Vision symptoms were presented in 10.5% of thyroid orbitopathy patients, inflammation symptoms in 43.1%, strabismus in 15.1%, and appearance and exposure symptoms in 86.3% of patients. Among the eye symptoms, proptosis was most prevalent in 56.9% of patients followed by eyelid retraction in 31.5%, diplopia in 15.1% and optic nerve dysfunction in 2.4% of patients. Median value of exophthalmometry in the thyroid orbitopathy group was 16 mm and 17 mm in the proptosis group. Patient self assessment for thyroid orbitopathy from the onset of the disease was "greatly improved" in 12.1% of patients, "improved" in 19.5%, "unchanged" in 51.2%, "worse" in 19.6%, and "much worse" in 1.0% of patients. Conclusions: Among dysthyroid patients, significant amount was found to have symptoms related with thyroid orbitopathy. The patients with thyroid orbitopathy, except for the mildest cases, need to be managed by a thyroid eye disease specialist for further assessment and care.


This paper describes a method for the segmentation of pulmonary regions on thoracic cross- sectional images obtained by X-ray computer tomography. Relying on priori information about the general location and morphology of the lungs, our method is based on the interpretation of the histogram, mapping each peak to a group of anatomical structures. We also applied morphologic filtering to bypass misleading effects of pulmonary blood vessels. This method has been applied to several CT images from different patients and, since it is intrinsically non- iterative, proved to be much faster than the more general method of active contours.


Trade Competition Act 1999 is an important tool, which is used to monitor business conducts and prevented anti-competitive behaviors. It is like the 'rule of the game' aiming to create level-playing field and fair competition in the market. In some jurisdiction, competition law is regarded as economic constitution. However, the Trade Competition Act cannot play an important role as an economic constitution like other jurisdictions because there are a variety of challenges in the context of interpretation, application and enforcement of this act. A controversial exemption of state enterprises under the law on budgetary procedure from the application of this act, a vagueness in the interpretation of the definition "business operation" and an equivocality of the right to exercise extraterritorial application are considered the problems in this act. While there is some inappropriateness in some main prohibitions, for example too high burden of proof of Section 29 to be the catch-all-provision and imposing imprisonment sanction to some provisions is still debatable about its appropriateness, the enforcement mechanism is widely criticized about its ineffectiveness. There are many constraints found in both competition authority and commission. No leniency program facilitating the enforcement of cartels as well as the lack of human and financial resources are factors affecting the enforcement of competition law in Thailand.Regarding the commission, an inability of the commission to work full time and too many representatives from private sectors are challenges that Thailand is required to overcome; otherwise, the competition law will be far behind from achieving its goals.


The paper describes the work done in the construction of a vision based monitoring station, devoted to control an indoor industrial transport system composed of mobile robots. To construct this application, the essential needs of a generic surveillance system has been analysed. Using an agent oriented approach, a multi agent platform has been established, where different algorithms and strategies can be easily developed and tested. To allow the construction of robust applications, this platform allows the solution of different surveillance tasks in a multimodal way. Different strategies, carried out by different defined agents, can be applied to the same data trying to solve the same task. Subsequently, the results that each agent generates are joined, reaching a consensus on the solution. The feasibility of this multi agent system is shown by the implementation of a first approximation of a mobile robot monitoring station.


Establishing a circuit-switched (CS) communications in a packet-switched, such as IMS (PS) multimedia network (210), a system for providing a service to the CS domain (224) the user through these PS network (210), apparatus and method. Dialog (222) is established between the terminal device (200/202) through the PS multimedia network (210). Service to at least one of the terminals of the dialog (222) the terminal device by (200/202) is provided. CS bearer information including an instruction to the communication flow is requested to via a CS network, carried by the dialog (222) between the terminal device. The CS as indicated by the bearer information, the communication flow through the CS network (234) is executed between the terminal device (200/202). In this way, it is possible to provide an IMS or other PS multimedia network services to users that will perform communication via the CS domain otherwise.


In this paper, a new method of product function analysis is presented to categorize various design information generated in product development processes. In order to improve product functions, designers must understand unit functions and modified parts of products. The product function analysis (PFA) is based on the designer's understanding of product functions. The proposed PFA provides the methodology to classify the various functions systematically and understand the relation between functions easily. Using this approach, efficient design support system can be developed and used for designers to support decision-making with design knowledge.