This paper describes determination of the number rotor slot s of an induction motor from the induced emf in an external search coil. This information is needed in prediction of motor speed from the external search coil indu ced voltage. The approach is based on identifying saliency harmonics and rotor slot ha rmonics, via FFT analysis of the external search coil emf. The proposed approach is tested on an induction motor driven by the mains supply. The experiments are repeated with a PWM supply. It is shown that the method works well in both cases and the number of rotor slots of the test machine is accurately predicted.


This paper presents the comparison of heat transfer and pressure drop of various secondary refrigerants (single-phase and two-phase) in the indirect refrigeration system. The main results were summarized as follows: In case of heat transfer, it is useful to use secondary refrigerants in low evaporating temperature region and the heat transfer coefficient of single-phase is larger than two-phase secondary refrigerants. In case of pressure drop, it is useful to use secondary refrigerants in high evaporating temperature region and the pressure drop of two-phase is smaller than single-phase secondary refrigerant. Also, is the best useful because pressure drop of among the secondary refrigerants is the smallest.


Bacillus thuringiensis was a microbial insecticide which was most versatile and had the largest yield.The types,characteristics of culture medium of Bacillus thuringiensis fermentation were reviewed,including traditional fermentation raw material,city sludge,industrial waste,cyanobacteria,and waste,to provide the reference of raw materials and process for the enterprise.Bacillus thuringiensis fermentation medium was also discussed.


Recent work from our laboratory has identified an association between the widely expressed NKCC1 and two Ste20p‐like serine/threonine kinases, SPAK and OSR1. Activation of the widely expressed NKCC1 is mediated by SPAK/OSR1 phosphorylation. Importantly, these kinases are themselves under the control of upstream kinases such as the with‐no‐lysine kinases, WNK1 and WNK4, suggesting a cascade of phosphorylation events involving multiple kinases. We also recently demonstrated protein‐protein interaction between a putative apoptosis‐associated tyrosine kinase (AATYK1) and SPAK, and identified two putative (R/KFxV/I) binding motifs within the regulatory domain of AATYK1. Here we show that heterologous expression of AATYK1 and NKCC1 in Xenopus laevi s< oocytes exhibits a significant reduction in cotransporter activity. Interestingly, this effect can be reversed by overexpressing SPAK and WNK4. Mutation of key residues in the catalytic domain of AATYK1 reveals that the kinase activity of AATYK1 does not play a role in the suppression of NKCC1 function. In contrast, mutagenesis of two SPAK binding motifs in AATYK1 completely abrogated the inhibition of cotransporter activity. Along with a SPAK/AATYK1 interaction, yeast two‐hybrid experiments demonstrated a strong interaction between protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and AATYK1, which could be interrupted by mutation of a key valine residue (V1175) in a putative PP1 binding motif. Functional experiments demonstrated that not only the binding of SPAK, but also PP1 to AATYK1 was required for inhibition of NKCC1 activity. Taken together, our data are consistent with AATYK1 indirectly inhibiting cotransporter activity by scaffolding an inhibitory phosphatase (PP1) in proximity to a stimulatory kinase (SPAK), thus allowing PP1 to dephosphorylate SPAK, resulting in a suppression of SPAK/WNK4 activation of the cotransporter.


The term strategy appears to be amongst the 1,000 most commonly used words in the English language (EF, 2017), particularly in a business context; yet it can still have a multitude of alterative meanings. The Oxford English Dictionary defines strategy as: 'a plan of action designed to achieve a long-term or overall aim'; whilst also offering an alternative definition as 'the art of planning and directing overall military operations and movements in a war or battle'. The Cambridge English Dictionary meanwhile offers a single, more allencompassing definition in the form of 'a detailed plan for achieving success in situations such as war, politics, business, industry, or sport, or the skill of planning for such situations'.


In the report are discussed the laboratory test results of SPAD detectors with InGaAs / InP avalanche photodiodes, operating in Geiger mode. Device operating in synchronous mode with the dead timer setting for proper working conditions of photodiodes. The report materials will showing the functional block diagram of the detector, real operating signals in the receiver path and clock circuits and main results of measurements. The input signal of the synchronous detector is the clock, which determines the time positions of expected photons arrival. Increasing the clock speed 1-300 MHz or getting more time positions of the time grid, we provide increased capacity for time position code of signals, when QKD information transmitted over the nets. At the same time, the maximum attainable speed of photon reception is limited by diode dead time. Diode quantum noise are minimized by inclusion of a special time interval – dead time 0.1-10 usec, after each received and registered a photon. The lowest attainable value of the dead time is determined as a compromise between transients in electrical circuits, passive avalanche «quenching» circuit and thermal transients cooling crystal diode, after each avalanche pass though photodiode. Achievable time and speed parameters are discussed with specific examples of detectors.


Objective To investigate the monosialotetrahexosylganglioside(GM1) on neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy effect,and the NBNA scores before and after treatment.Methods All of 56 cases neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy were randomly divided into control group and treatment group,28 cases in each.Control group received conventional therapy citicoline treatment;Treatment group were treated based on the use of GM1.NBNA score of two groups before and after treatment were compared.Results The total effective rate in treatment group was higher than that in control group,and the NBNA score both increased after treatment.Conclusion GM1 on neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is effective,and has no significant difference on the NBNA score with citicoline treatment,and worthy of promotion and application in clinical pediatrics.


The objective of this experiment was to determine if supplementing propionate alters DMI, glucose clearance rate, and blood metabolite concentrations in steers fed a finishing diet. Holstein (n = 15) steers were individually fed a finishing diet ad-libitum. Steers were allocated by BW to receive: no Ca propionate (CON), 100 g/d (LOW), or 300 g/d (HIGH) in the diet. Orts were collected and weighed daily to determine DMI. Blood samples were collected on d 0, 7, and 21, and BW recorded on d 0, 14, and 28. A glucose tolerance test was conducted on d 14 and 28 of the trial. Samples were analyzed for whole blood glucose and lactate, and plasma NEFA. Data were analyzed using a mixed model with treatment, day and their interaction included, with day as a repeated measure. The CON treatment had greater (P < 0.01) DMI than LOW and HIGH. BW was greater for CON throughout the experiment and all treatments had an increased BW on day 28 (P = 0.03 for the interaction). Whole blood glucose concentrations tended (P = 0.09) to be higher on d 21 than d 0 and 7, but was not affected by treatment (P = 0.58). Plasma NEFA concentrations were lower (P = 0.05) for CON than other treatments, and greater (P = 0.002) on d 0 than d 7 and 21. Whole blood lactate concentrations were greater (P = 0.05) on d 7, than d 0 and 21, but was not effected by treatment (P = 0.13). There was no treatment (P ≥ 0.16) or day effect (P ≥ 0.36) on glucose peak, plateau, or clearance rate. These data indicate that supplemental propionate may decrease dry matter intake but might not alter glucose clearance rate.


In Low Background Laboratory at Institute of Physics Belgrade, plastic scintillators are used to continuously monitor flux of the muon component of secondary cosmic rays. Measurements are performed on the surface as well as underground (25 m.w.e depth). Temperature effect on muon component of secondary cosmic rays is well known and several methods to correct for it are already developed and widely used. Here, we apply integral method to calculate correction coefficients and use GFS (Global Forecast System) model to obtain atmospheric temperature profiles. Atmospheric corrections reduce variance of muon flux and lead to improved sensitivity to transient cosmic ray variations. Influence of corrections on correlation with neutron monitor data is discussed.


With the deepening of medical reform,competitions in hospitals,especially in the same city,become more and more serious.The competition focuses on medical equipments,talents,prices,propaganda and so on which result in rapid development of hospitals,at the same time some negative effects will appear.In this article, three aspects were elaborated as representation mode of competition,harm and the construction of harmonious cir- cumstance.


A review of the literature published in 2009 on topics related to gaseous emissions from wastewater facilities is presented. This review is divided into the following sections: odorant emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs); greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from WWTPs; emissions from collection systems; physicochemical emission control methods; biological odor control methods; odor monitoring; and odor impacts.


Airborne scalar gravimetry, a kinematic survey technology, is one of the most efficient techniques to acquire the gravity data in the areas where it is neither practical nor possible to make terrestrial measurement. Recently, studies have shown that the precision reaches sub-mGal. Besides the improvement of the instruments, the data processing and gravity anomaly solution algorithms are evolving consistently. This paper investigates an approach based on developing a state space model and using Kalman filtering and smoothing to determine gravity anomaly. The state space model is developed based on the gravimeter measurement equations and measurement errors equations for the specific airborne gravimetry system. The proposed method is implemented to the airborne data collected in southeast China from GT-1A with a stabilized physical platform. The solution results based on the presented model using Kalman filtering and smoothing confirm that the approach was able to implement the solution and acquire the gravity anomaly information, and the comparison between the proposed method and the traditional method indicates that a remarkable improvement in the solution precision is achieved when the proposed method is used.


Rainfall is considered as one of the major triggering factors for shallow landslides. Recent natural disaster events showed that the number of shallow landslides increases when a rainfall event is followed by an earthquake or vice versa. Although numerous studies are reported in the literature regarding the effect of rainfall on developing shallow landslides, many of them are based on the statistical correlation between existing landslides and pertinent hydrological analysis. Several countries have developed shallow landslide warning system based on the statistically calculated threshold durations and intensities of rainfall that were calculated with probabilistic approach (Dahal and Hasegawa, 2008). The results of numerical or experimental studies have also been reported regarding the effects of rainfall on landslides (Ng and Shi, 1998; Pradel and Raad, 1993; Orense et al., 2004). However, none of these studies, available in the literature, fully considered the theory of partially saturated soil mechanics and the effect of earthquake on the unsaturated slopes. Moreover, several landslide incidences were recorded in residential areas after the M9.


Bull semen production centers (SPC) have satisfactory control of sperm quality, but commonly lack standardized quality control for hygiene procedures. This study assessed the impact of the implementation of a hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) system in a bull SPC, comparing semen quality and microbial counts on various steps of semen processing, before and after the HACCP implementation. Samples from artificial vagina (AV), flexible tubes from the straw filling machine (FT), fresh semen (FS), frozen semen (FZS), step-1 freezing extender (EA), step-2 freezing extender (EB) and packed semen (PS) were collected before and after HACCP implementation to evaluate counts of colony forming units (CFU). FZS sperm motility, membrane and acrosome integrity from both periods were also evaluated. The number of CFU/mL at distinct collection points was transformed to the logarithmic scale and subsequently compared between the periods before and after the HACCP implementation using analysis of variance, with comparison of means by the Tukey test. Post-thawing sperm motility, membrane integrity and acrosome integrity were compared between periods using the Wilcoxon ranks sum test for nonparametric data, also due to lack of normality. All analyzes were conducted with Statistix® (2013). Compared to the previous period, lower CFU (P 0.05). Improvement after HACCP implementation compared to previous period were observed (P <0.0001), respectively, for post-thawing sperm motility (57.7 ± 1.3 and 33.7 ± 1.0), membrane integrity (85.3 ± 1.4 and 47.9 ± 1.6) and acrosome integrity (81.6 ± 3.6 and 61.4 ± 3.0). Thus, the implementation of a HACCP system in a bull SPC resulted in the production of high-quality semen doses with reduced microbial contamination.


Previous studies on the in vitro antitumor activity of saturated monoand dicarboxylic fatty acids have been extended to a series of unsaturated fatty acids ranging in carbon chain length from CC, to CZO. All 10 compounds tested exhibited some activity at pH 4.0 against the ascites for?ls of the Ehrlich carcinoma, 6C3HED lymphosarcoma, and TA3 mammary carcinoma. Only three compounds (2-decenoic, linoleic, and linolenic acids) were found to be active a t neutrality against all three tumors, while four compounds (2-nonenoic, 10-undecenoic, oleic, and arachidonic acids) were active against one or two tumors under neutral conditions. Considerable variations were encountered in the relative effectiveness of these compounds against the three ascites tumors. The compounds with the most marked in vitro antitumor activity were linoleic and linolenic acids. Previous studies on the in vitro antitumor activity of fatty acids (1, 2, 3 , 4 , 5) have shown tha t many saturated monoand di-carboxylic acids, as well as 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid from royal jelly, will prevent completely the transplantation of mouse ascites tumors and the passage of transplantable AKR mouse leukemia. Demonstration of this biological activity has required tha t each fatty acid be mixed with the tunlor cells prior to inoculation of the test mice and that acid pH conditions be maintained. Only one compound, decanoic (capric) acid, proved active against ascites tumors a t neutral pH (4). Since these conditions limited severely ally possible therapeutic application, a search for other active con~pounds, with less restrictive characteristics, was undertaken. The present paper describes the results obtained when a series of unsaturated fatty acids was tested against mouse ascites tumors and reports tha t several such commonly occurring con~pounds as oleic and liiloleic acid exhibit in vitro antitumor activity a t a physiological pH. Materials and Methods Three lines of transplantable ascites turnors were used: the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, the TA3 mammary carcinoma, and the 6C3HED lymphosarcoma. All three tumors were carried by weekly intraperitoileal passage: the Ehrlich and the TA3 carcinomas in the non-specific Connaught mouse strain, and the 6C3HED lymphosarcoma in C3H mice. Since these tumors had previously been frozen and were no longer strain-specific (6), all experiments were performed in the non-specific Connaught mouse line. The C3H mice used in these 'Manuscript received February 26, 1962. Contribution from the Laboratory of Hygiene, Department of National Health and Welfare, Ottawa, Canada. *Present address: Department of Cancer Research, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology. Volume 40 (1962) 870 CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. VOL. 40. 1962 experimeilts were purchased from the Roscoe B. Jackson Memorial Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, and the Connaught mice from the Connaught Medical Research Laboratories, University of Toronto. The method employed in harvesting the ascites cells and preparing the tunlor cell fatty acid mixtures was described in detail previously (2). The ascites cells were freed from contaminating erythrocytes by washing them once with distilled water, and they were then suspended t o a final concentration of 10 to 16 million tumor cells per milliliter in the reaction mixture. This contained graded concentrations of the fatty acids to be tested, suspended in Hanks' balanced salt solution ( 7 ) . Each mixture was adjusted to the desired pH with 0.1 N HC1 or 0.1 N NaOH. Since the longer chain length fatty acids were relatively insoluble under these conditions, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80) was employed in 2% w/v concentration as an emulsifying agent. The cell, fatty acid, and Tween 80 mixtures were inoculated intraperitor-really, 0.5 ml per mouse, into groups of 10 mice. Control mice received the same number of tumor cells (5 t o 8 million) suspended in Hanks' solutioil which did not contain fatty acid but did contain Tween 80. At the concentration employed, the detergent was found t o have no effect on the survival of the tumorbearing animals. All deaths caused specifically by the tumors occurred within the first 60 days after inoculation. Accordingly, all test mice were kept under daily observation for an arbitrary period of 90 days, a t which time the experimental results were recorded. However, weekly observation of the surviving mice was continued for a total period of 1 year and a t the end of this time all animals were autopsied t o confirm the absence of tumor growth. 2-Nonenoic, 2-decenoic, and 9-decenoic acids were purchased from Bios Laboratories, Inc., New York; 10-undecenoic and sorbic acids from Fisher Scientific Co., Montreal; oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acids from Mann Research Laboratories, Inc., New York; traumatic acid from Delta Chemical Works, Inc., New York; and Tween 80 from Atlas Powder Co., Wilmington, Delaware. The fat ty acids used in these studies were tested for organic peroxides by the thiobarbituric acid method (8) and by the ferrous thiocyanate method (9). In addition, linoleic and linolenic acids were tested by the lipoxidase method


The control of bluff-body wakes for reduced drag and enhanced stability has traditionally relied on the so-called direct-wake control approach. By the use of actuators or passive devices, one can manipulate the aerodynamic loads that act on the rear of the model. An alternative approach for the manipulation of the flow is to move the position of the actuator upstream, hence interacting with an easier-to-manipulate boundary layer. The present paper comprises a bluff-body flow study via large-eddy simulations to investigate the effectiveness of an upstream actuator (positioned at the leading edge) with regard to the manipulation of the wake dynamics and its aerodynamic loads. A rectangular cylinder with rounded leading edges, equipped with actuators positioned at the front curvatures, is simulated at $Re=40\,000$. A genetic algorithm (GA) optimization is performed to find an effective actuation that minimizes drag. It is shown that the GA selects superharmonic frequencies of the natural vortex shedding. Hence, the induced disturbances, penetrating downstream in the wake, significantly reduce drag and lateral instability. A comparison with a side-recirculation-suppression approach is also presented, the latter case being worse in terms of reduced drag (only 8 % drag reduction achieved), despite the total suppression of the side recirculation bubble. In contrast, the GA optimized case contributes to a 20 % drag reduction with respect to the unactuated case. In addition, the large drag reduction is associated with a reduced shedding motion and an improved lateral stability.


Model predictive control (MPC) has been successfully applied to several power converters topologies, mainly because of the finite set of inputs which are given by the available switching states of these devices. However, MPC could not directly control the DC-link voltage in active-front-end(AFE) rectifiers, because they feature a non minimum phase behavior that produces an initial inverse dynamic and mislead the optimization stage selecting a wrong switching state. To avoid this effect, the DC-link voltage is usually controlled using a linear PI controller and an inner current or power control loop. However, the linear controller is difficult to design and presents a restricted dynamic behavior. In this paper, a DC-link voltage MPC is proposed. The proposed controller calculates the required active power reference based on the output power and the energy stored in the DC-link capacitor. Simulation results shows a good dynamic response and a zero steady state error.


Developers use the Web as a tool to find information to help them solve their software development problems. However, little is known about what kinds of problems motivate developers to do searches on the Web. We asked twenty-five developers to record their Web searches at a medium-sized software company. We also observed twelve developers. In our analysis, we found that there are six main kinds of problems. One, developers want to find procedural information, such as quick references about how to solve some programming problems. Two, developers use the Web as a memory aid to remember details about how to solve a problem they solved before. Three, developers want to solve a knowledge problem, for example, learning some new concepts. Four, developers want to find information to understand and solve errors. Five, developers need information to judge the suitability of software components being evaluated. Finally, in the "Other" category, we included problems such as searching for software to download or translating functions.


Tetraploids were induced from in vitro plantlets of diploid Primula denticulata ssp.sinodenticulata by dipping shoot tips in colchicine solutions at different concentrations and treating durations.The results showed:the best condation was treatment with 0.6% colchicines for 72 h,and the induction rate was 54%.Mutation buds were screened by morphological appraisal.Tetraploid of P.denticulata ssp.sinodenticulata was characterized by darker leaf color,thicker leaves,larger stoma and less stomatal numbers in unit area.Cytological identification and karyomorphological studies indicated that the number of metaphase chromosomes were formulated to be 2n=2x=4m+16sm+2st for P.denticulata ssp.sinodenticulata,tetraploids were formulated to be 2n=4x=8m+32sm+4st,their karyotypes are all 3A.Tetraploids P.denticulata ssp.sinodenticulata were successfully induced.


Hill streams are unique aquatic ecosystem characterised by shallow, narrow channels, low temperature. high altitude, different types of substratum, high current of water, hence the hill stream fishes develop mechanical devices to combat the force of water currents and are successfully adapted to this unique environment Development of various types of adhesive organs is one of the prerequisites for survival of these fishes, In Garra lamta the anchoring devices consist of true suckers. The Scanning Electron Microscopic structure of the adhesive disc of Garra reveals the presence of hexagonal epithelial cells with elevated cell boundaries. Scantly mucous gland openings have also been observed in the adhesive disc.


176  Abstract Energy generation companies supply electricity to all the households via intermediate controlled power transmission hubs known as Electricity Grid. Sometimes problems arise due to failure of the electricity grid leading to black out of an entire area which was getting supply from that particular grid. This paper aims to solve this problem using IOT as the means of communication and also tackling various other issues which a smart system can deal with to avoid unnecessary losses to the Energy producers. IOT Smart Energy Grid is based on AT mega family controller which controls the various activities of the system. The system communicates over internet by using Wi-Fi technology. A bulb is used in this paper to demonstrate as a valid consumer and a bulb to demonstrate an invalid consumer. The foremost thing that this paper facilitates is re-connection of transmission line to active grid. If an Energy Grid becomes faulty and there is an another Energy Grid, the system switches the Transmission Lines towards this Grid thus facilitating uninterrupted electricity supply to that particular region whose Energy Grid went OFF. And this information of which Grid is active is updated over IOT Gecko webpage where the authorities can login and can view the updates. Apart from monitoring the Grid this paper has advances capabilities of monitoring energy consumption and even detects theft of electricity. The amount of electricity consumed and the estimated cost of the usage gets updated on the IOT Gecko webpage along with the Energy Grid information. Theft conditions are simulated in the system using two switches. Switching one each time will simulate a theft condition and also will notify the authorities over the IOT interface. In this way the Smart Energy Grid paper makes sure that the electricity supply is continuous and helps in maintaining a updated record of consumption and theft information which is quite a valuable information for the energy producing companies.


In order to overcome these shortcomings, the project is aim to design a structure similar to the traditional keyboard. The experiment using polyester staple fiber, sizing process after the polyester staple, polyester filament, sizing of polyester filament, stiffing agent treatment of polyester filament to weave. To compared the performance by the measurement of conduction pressure. It is concluded that with stiffing agent treatment of polyester filament is the best material for weaving fabric switches.


During a sojourn in Rome Justus Lipsius's patrons, Granvelle and Muretus, introduced him to prominent humanists in the city who gave him access to their manuscripts and early printed books, and often also to collections of inscriptions and coins. This chapter distinguishes between the editio princeps , which has only the one modest section of Notae , and the subsequent edition from 1581 onwards up to the 1607 re-issue. The 1574 edition is a sturdy in-octavo book of 762 pages including about one hundred pages of Notae , matching the order of the works from p. 643 on. Soon after the publication of the editio princeps , Lipsius resumed his work on Tacitus by thoroughly revising his text and establishing the promised commentary. The successive editions of Tacitus's collected works and their commentary certainly earned Lipsius his star on the humanists' Walk of Fame. Keywords: editio princeps ; Justus Lipsius; Notae ; Rome; Tacitus


It is common chronic peripheral arterial occlusive disease for arteriosclerosis obliterans which often causes severe limb ischemia and gangrene. Professor SHANG De-jun has accumulated a wealth of experience in diagnosis and treatment of arteriosclerosis obliterans and achieved significant clinical efficacy. At the first, Professor SHANG pays attention to a clear diagnosis, stages and grades of disease. He also attaches importance to combination of whole syndrome differentiation and local syndrome differentiation, disease differentiation and syndrome differentiation. According to syndrome differentiation, the disease is treated with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine which fully reflects speculative characteristics of SHANG, such as, combination of syndrome differentiation and the drug infusion, combination of internal and external therapeutics, application of promoting blood circulation during the whole treatment course.


............................................................................................................................................ 7 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER ONE : THEORETICAL DISCUSSION MEDIA AND DEMOCRACY ............................... 13 I. THE RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION................................................................................. 13 A. PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS ............................................................................................ 13 1 THE SEARCH FOR TRUTH ...................................................................................................... 13 2 INDIVIDUAL AUTONOMY ........................................................................................................ 15 3 DEMOCRACY AND SELF-GOVERNMENT ............................................................................. 15 4 TOLERANCE ............................................................................................................................. 17 B. INTERNATIONAL SOURCES ..................................................................................................... 18 1 PRINCIPLE ................................................................................................................................ 18 2 LIMITS ....................................................................................................................................... 21 II. MEDIA CONTRIBUTION TO POLITICAL REFORM AND DEMOCRATISATION .......................... 24 A. IN THEORY .................................................................................................................................. 24 1 THE MEDIA AS "WATCHDOGS" ............................................................................................ 24 2 THE MEDIA AS PROVIDERS OF INFORMATION AND DEBATE ......................................... 27 3 THE MEDIA AS REPRESENTATIVES OF THE PEOPLE ....................................................... 28 4 THE MEDIA AS VOICES OF DIFFERENCE ............................................................................ 29 B. IN AFRICA.................................................................................................................................... 30 1 THE FIRST WAVE OF DEMOCRATISATION .......................................................................... 31 2 THE REVERSAL TOWARDS AUTHORITARIANISM .............................................................. 32 3 THE SECOND WAVE OF DEMOCRATISATION ..................................................................... 33 CHAPTER TWO : PRACTICAL DISCUSSION MEDIA AND APARTHEID, THE SOUTH AFRICAN EXAMPLE ............................................................................................................................................. 37 I. THE RISE OF APARTHEID ............................................................................................................... 37 A. POLITICAL BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................... 37 B. THE POLITICAL TRADITION OF THE MEDIA ........................................................................... 41 II. APARTHEID'S LEGAL FRAMEWORK REGARDING THE MEDIA / PROPAGANDA AND REPRESSION ....................................................................................................................................... 43 A. THE PRESS COMMISSION OF INQUIRY .................................................................................. 44 B. THE PRESS BOARD AND THE PRESS CODE OF CONDUCT ................................................ 46 C. STATE INTERFERENCE THROUGH LEGISLATION ................................................................ 49 1 THE SUPPRESSION OF COMMUNISM ACT, 44 OF 1950 ..................................................... 50 2 THE PUBLIC SAFETY ACT, 3 OF 1953 AND THE CRIMINAL LAW AMENDMENT ACT, 8 OF 1953 ........................................................................................................................................ 51 3 THE RIOTOUS ASSEMBLY ACT, 17 OF 1956 AND THE GENERAL LAW AMENDMENT ACT, 76 OF 1962.......................................................................................................................... 52 4 THE OFFICIAL SECRETS AMENDMENT ACT, 65 OF 1965 AND THE DEFENCE AMENDMENT ACT, 85 OF 1967 ................................................................................................. 53 5 THE PRISONS ACT, 8 OF 1959 AND THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE ACT, 56 OF 1955 ..... 53 D. INTENSIFIED REPRESSION DURING THE 1986-1989 STATES OF EMERGENCY ............... 56 1 FIRST SET OF REGULATIONS ............................................................................................... 56 1 SECOND SET OF REGULATIONS .......................................................................................... 58 2 THIRD SET OF REGULATIONS ............................................................................................... 58


Almost inevitably, the starting point for an account of "The British Contribution to the Hydrographic Surveying of Canada" must start with Captain Cook. B.C. — or before Cook — most other British visitors to Canadian waters had produced "maps" rather than " charts" . It is harder to decide on a finishing point : although the Canadian Parliament attained authority in 1867 over certain navigational matters and the Canadian Hydrographic Office was formed in 1883, it was not until 1908 that the first Canadian ship Lilloet was available to take over the surveying task and HM ships continued to survey off British Columbia until 1910, off Newfoundland till 1912 — indeed, HMS Challenger was surveying off Labrador from 1932 to 1934. The paper considers the subject in the four sections of Canada's roughly rectangular boundaries.


The educative teaching process in the municipal university venues is in charge of the family doctors, so the teaching staff of Human Anatomy gave methodological directions characterizing the Human Anatomy discipline, explaining the ways of organization of Teaching by means of five systems: objectives, knowledge, training, classes and evaluation. The basic, complementary, auxiliary and consultation bibliography is recommended, as well as the individual study, so it will guarantee the methodological training of all the providers involved in the educative teaching process of the current training model.


Recent trends in electrical machine design focus on implementation of advanced materials and efficiency maximization in conjunction with other criteria such as power density increase and high reliability achievement necessitating composite cost functions consideration. Neodymium alloy permanent magnet developments enabled winding replacement resulting in the respective copper loss reduction and are favored in traction applications. However, neglecting the permanent magnet loss at the design stage and adopting fixed weights on composite cost function components during the optimization procedure may lead to substantial suboptimal characteristics. In order to overcome this difficulty, particular methodologies are proposed enabling permanent magnet loss consideration based on hybrid numerical techniques and adequate contradictory criteria satisfaction by using pareto evolutionary optimization algorithms, illustrated through several traction motor application examples.


J Echocardiogr Vol.6, No.3, 2008 57 The concepts for the assessment of left ventricular (LV) diastolic function were established in the cardiac catheterization laboratory and necessitate the use of high fidelity pressure and conductance catheters. The most recent [1] set of criteria (Figure 1) for diagnosing diastolic heart failure (DHF) include the presence of increased LV filling pressures (mean wedge pressure >12 mmHg, or LV end diastolic pressure >16 mmHg), prolonged time constant of LV relaxation (tau >48 ms), and increased LV stiffness (b >0.27). While the above measurements are determined invasively, a noninvasive approach is feasible and can be of value. This article will discuss the application of echocardiography (Table 1) to drawing conclusions about LV diastolic function.


As a patient with CKD for over 15 years, this article ([1][1]) resonated with me on different levels. When reviewing studies, I often attempt to think of how I felt at different levels of my journey with kidney disease. At this point of the journey (transplanted but going through failure), I have


This AOP details the linkage between activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and early life stage mortality in oviparous vertebrates. It can be initiated mostly by dioxin-like compounds, which are able to bind to the AhR causing heterodimerisation with the aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator (ARNT) and interaction with dioxin-responsive elements on the DNA causing an up-regulation in dioxin responsive genes. One dioxin-responsive gene is cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), which has roles in development of the cardiovascular system. Up-regulation in expression of COX-2 causes alteration in cardiovascular development and function resulting in reduced heart pumping efficiency, reduced blood flow, and eventual cardiac collapse and death. Comparable apical manifestations of activation of the AhR have been recorded across freshwater and marine teleost and non-teleost fishes, as well as birds. Despite conservation in the AOP across taxa, great differences in sensitivity to perturbation exist both among and within taxonomic groups.


Each USB-enabled instrument from ILX Lightwave is packaged with an installation CDROM. The CD-ROM contains the USB driver and the instrument control software. The USB driver is required for the PC to recognize the instrument over USB. The control software then uses the driver to communicate with the instrument. The actual driver and control software installation may vary from instrument to instrument. In general, the CD contains an autorun installer which will install the driver when the CD is inserted. The control software should then be installed manually by running the setup program found within the instrument's subdirectory on the CD. It is always recommended to install the instrument's driver before connecting the instrument to the PC. If the instrument is connected to the PC prior to installing the driver, unplug and re-plug in the instrument. In some cases, the PC might have to be rebooted before the instrument can be recognized by the PC. In these cases, unplug the device until the Windows operating system has completely rebooted then plug in the instrument. Please refer to the instrument manual for more information on using the USB control software for your instrument.


Kuijiashan gold and multi- metal ore is located at eastern Inner Mongolia. The analysis shows that geochemical anomaly in this area mainly distribute at the north. Besides distribution on the ore body and contact zone between ore body and stratum,it also distributes on the upper Jurassic manitu stratum. In addition,regarding ore- controlling function,it obviously distributes on the north- west structure. According to soil geochemistry anomaly characteristics, the paper considers geological environment at geochemistry anomaly' s location will make for mineralization.


Genetic factors have been implicated in the predisposition to cancer in Senegalese women. The arginine allele at codon 72 of exon 4 of the TP53 gene has been associated with a predisposition to several cancers in different populations. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of this polymorphism in a Senegalese population located in the locality of Widou Thiengoly. Two hundred and six (206) women living in Widou were recruited as well as thirty-two (32) control women, all assumed to be healthy. Genotyping of codon 72 of exon 4 of the TP53 gene was performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 122 women. A significant association was found in the distribution of allelic and genotypic frequencies depending on the locality (p value: 5.6 x 10- 09; OR: 0.015; IC95: 3.5e-04-11e-02). However, no correlation was found between the risk factors (age, menopause, oral contraception, parity, gestational age, date of onset of first menstrual period, marital status) and the distribution of the allele frequency in the Widou locality. Due to the strong presence of the Arg allele in the Widou locality, a vast screening campaign for female cancers would be recommended.

https://www.sciencexcel.com/articles/Influence of the codon 72 polymorphism of the  TP53 gene in the susceptibility of female cancers in  Widou Thiengoly


As the energy demand of the world is rising, more and more efforts are being made to harness different forms of energy available. Current pollution due to fossil fuels has directed the world to shift to cleaner renewable energies, such as solar. Photovoltaic, as well as concentrated solar technologies, are developed to harness solar energy. The concentrated solar tower power plant is an emerging technology and is under development having vast areas of improvement. The efficiency of the concentrated solar tower power plant depends upon the accuracy of the tracking system of the heliostats placed all around the central tower of the plant. A closed-loop tracking system a feedback method is a need. In addition, to check the accuracy of the system, a calibration system is required. This system uses different types of sensors. In this study, an effort is made to enlist different types of sensors available and their use in the tracking system of the solar thermal tower power plant. In addition, different sensors are suggested that are best suited for calibration and correction purposes.


This study provides an in-depth examination of current practice in four jurisdictions in Texas. Sites were selected based on 2008 permanency outcome performance data from a report that highlights the need for a closer look at hearing practice. The study examined 74 permanent managing conservatorship hearings, across four jurisdictions and six judicial officers, with a focus on hearing quality indicators such as parties present, level of discussion, hearing delay, and a focus on finding a permanent home. Findings suggest that the courts that had better permanency outcomes in 2008 also had more practices consistent with holding a quality hearing.


or oral learning and expression', largely centred on the United States—from wood-carving and 'hookman' urban legends to navy initiation rituals and the gestures of toast-making. But these are tantalizing tasters rather than in-depth studies, drawn on solely to explore the concepts and theories of folkloristic research. This is, after all, what Bronner aims to do, and it should be noted that this book, despite its relatively short length, is theory heavy. In fact, the Basics of the book's title is something of a misnomer; many of the approaches and applications unpacked by Bronner are sophisticated and unavoidably dense. Light reading this is not. The introduction and first chapter set the scene. The semantics of key terms—folklore versus tradition versus habit—are explored and the history of the discipline covered. We are drawn concisely through a timeline of folklore's usual suspects: the Brothers Grimm, William Thoms, E. Sidney Hartland, Alan Dundes, and so on. Refreshingly, however, the focus is not only on Europe and North America, but also on Asia and Africa. Another positive in this survey is the book's contemporaneity; it can look back to twentieth-century folklorists with objectivity, just as earlier surveys have looked back to the nineteenth century. The book brings the reader right up to the present day, delving into the Internet folklore of memes and creepypastas. The disciplinary focus is also commendably broad, with much consideration given to the areas where folklore overlaps with other fields of study: anthropology, psychology, linguistics, performance theory, and so on. The highlight of the book is its final chapter, which addresses the relevance—categorized and sub-headed as the publicizing, purposing, politicizing, and legalizing—of folklore. Bronner traces the development of folklore museums and folk festivals; folklore within education and outreach programmes; the arguments for the 'applications' of folklore; and the legal issues that arise in association with cultural practices, from Amish birth procedures to a Pennsylvanian pigeon shoot. Folklore here is presented not only as something prevalent in the present—something all folklorists surely know—but also as something highly relevant. I end my review with a disclaimer: Folklore: The Basics is not for people with a vague interest in folklore. It is for those embarking on folkloristic research, who want—indeed, need—to gain an understanding of how this discipline has developed and of the scholarly ideas that have shaped it. As such, it is a valuable, comprehensive, and (at £15.99 in paperback) affordable guide for any students delving into folklore studies—and is particularly well timed, considering the increased attention folklore is receiving in UK universities at present. I for one will be adding it to my students' reading lists.


Biology is a science that involves study of the diversity of living organisms. This diversity has always generated questions and has motivated cultures to seek plausible explanations for the differences and similarities between types of organisms. In biology teaching, these issues are addressed by adopting an evolutionary approach. The aim of this study was to compare the extent to which the beliefs of 20 public high school biology teachers in the Bauru region of São Paulo in Brazil exemplified the most significant historical concepts regarding evolution. Data from open-ended interviews with teachers were analysed and coded. The analysis of the interviews revealed how participating biology teachers understood and explained biological evolution. The assessment of teachers' conceptions about evolution indicated that many responses expressed current scientifically accepted concepts, such as transformism, natural selection, gradualism and common descent. However, some teachers also provided responses that combined scientific concepts with non-scientific notions, such as finalism, verticality and adaptation to the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to thoroughly investigate biology teachers' understanding of evolutionary processes.


OSCAR is an innovative new computer algebra system which combines and extends the power of its four cornerstone systems - GAP (group theory), Singular (algebra and algebraic geometry), Polymake (polyhedral geometry), and Antic (number theory). Here, we give an introduction to polyhedral geometry computations in OSCAR, as a chapter of the upcoming OSCAR book. In particular, we define polytopes, polyhedra, and polyhedral fans, and we give a brief overview about computing convex hulls and solving linear programs. Three detailed case studies are concerned with face numbers of random polytopes, constructions and properties of Gelfand-Tsetlin polytopes, and secondary polytopes.


TO THE EDITOR: We read with great interest the retrospective study by Cavalheiro and colleagues1 about open fetal repair for isolated occipital encephalocele (Cavalheiro S, Silva da Costa MD, Nicácio JM, et al. Fetal surgery for occipital encephalocele. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2020;26[6]:605–612) and the accompanying editorial2 (Gupta N. Editorial. Fetal repair of encephaloceles. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2020;26[6]:603–604). The underlying hypothesis is that prenatal correction may halt the progression of brain herniation and secondary microcephaly, thereby potentially improving neurodevelopmental outcomes. Although we would like to join Dr. Gupta2 in complimenting the authors for their relentless pioneering efforts and their honest report, we also wish to share some comments. In 1991, a consensus on the criteria and indications for fetal surgery was endorsed by the International Fetal Medicine and Surgery Society.3 The criteria are as follows: 1) that accurate prenatal diagnosis and staging is possible, with exclusion of associated anomalies; 2) established natural history and prognosis; 3) absence of effective postnatal therapy; 4) experimental proof of the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of in utero surgery in animal models; and 5) interventions performed in fetal treatment centers with local ethics committee approval and maternal/parental informed consent. In addition, the IDEAL (Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, and Long-Term Study) recommendations for surgical innovation state that preclinical studies are essential prior to first-in-human trials.4 To the best of our knowledge, several of the aforementioned criteria are not (yet) fulfilled for occipital encephalocele. First, prenatal ultrasound markers to stage severity have not yet been described or validated.5 We are unaware of data that justify the criteria for fetal surgery proposed by the authors (encephalocele volume > 10 ml, of which ≤ 20% is neural tissue). This question should therefore be first investigated to confirm that the proposed criteria are predictive of in utero progression of occipital encephalocele or serious postnatal functional deficit. Second, the natural history and time course of tissue herniation and associated brain injury of occipital encephalocele are not yet well established, and therefore the theoretical impact of such an intervention is not currently possible to determine. Although we agree with the authors that occipital encephalocele is probably a postneurulation disorder,6 it is often classified as a cranial neural tube defect. Regardless, its natural history cannot be compared with that of spina bifida aperta, as occipital encephalocele is definitely a closed defect, without direct exposure of neural tissue to the amniotic fluid, and without cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Hence, progressive in utero damage, if present, would require different underlying mechanisms.6–8 Third, we admit that current postnatal neurosurgical techniques have no established efficacy, and morbidity and mortality remain high, particularly in nonisolated occipital encephalocele. However, novel postnatal neurosurgical techniques such as expansile cranioplasty combined with cerebrospinal fluid diversion9 deserve further exploration, as they may preserve brain, improve outcome, and avoid invasive open fetal surgery. Fourth, the presented experimental technique has never been tested in animals prior to use in humans, although this would appear to be possible since several smalland large-animal models of naturally occurring and surgically induced occipital encephalocele have been described.8,10 Although we very much appreciate the authors' effort to share their findings and strongly endorse future publication of long-term outcomes of their patient cohort, we feel that the current rationale for justifying fetal surgery for occipital encephalocele is limited.


This study investigated factors influencing the career maturity of young members of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF). A sample of 310 young SANDF members (females=35%, blacks=90%) completed the following measures: career maturity inventory-revised, the career decision self-efficacy scale, the military hardiness scale, and the seven habits profile. They also completed a biographical information form. Data were analysed using multiple regression to predict career maturity from career decision self-efficacy, self-appraisal, occupational information, goal selection, planning, problem solving, hardiness, control, challenge, commitment, conscientiousness, life balance, pro-active behaviour, life goals, self-management, mutual-benefit thinking, listening, teamwork, continuous improvement and life skills. Findings suggest self-efficacy, occupational information, self-appraisal, commitment, challenge, emotional intelligence and continuous improvement have the strongest influence on career maturity. The results indicated that self-efficacy, life skills and personal drive empower young members to seek employment.


Important Findings Avian hemosporidian parasites of the genera Haemoproteus, Plasmodium, and Leucocytozoon are transmitted by different dipteran vectors. In the present work, we looked for the presence of these parasites in 47 birds from 12 families, which were sampled in the migratory corridor ''Paso de Portachuelo,'' located at the Henri Pittier National Park, Venezuela (Figure 1). The results indicate that in the migratory corridor Paso de Portachuleo, representative parasite lineages are found, making this location an attractive location for future studies.


The Safeguards community recognizes that an accurate and timely measurement of accountable material mass at the head-end of the facility is critical to a modern materials control and accountability program at fuel reprocessing plants. For material accountancy, it is critical to detect both acute and chronic diversions of nuclear materials. Therefore, both on-line nondestructive (NDA) and destructive analysis (DA) approaches are desirable. Current methods for DA involve grab sampling and laboratory based column extractions that are costly, hazardous, and time consuming. Direct on-line gamma measurements of Pu, while desirable, are not possible due to contributions from other actinide and fission products. A technology for simple, online separation of targeted materials would benefit both DA and NDA measurements.


autonomy [while] Macdonald was retreating from the protection of minorities not looked upon with sympathy by the majority of Ontarians." In the New Brunswick Catholic Schools' crisis Macdonald and Cartier showed' 'they placed a higher value on political survival than on the principle of duality" and by their failure to assert federal leadership gave a boost to provincialism. The pattern of colonial status for the prairies and "western resistance to federal control and leadership was a well-established tradition" by the end of the century. It is a pity that these studies do not cover more recent periods of federal history because it seems to this reviewer the early trends were less decisive for both countries today than were those generated in the period 1940 to 1960. However, there are plans to make good this deficiency and to some extent the situation is remedied in the opening and closing chapters of the book which rely on research published elsewhere to bring the federal story up to date and to make comparisons of the federal experiences of both countries. The fascinating question is why did the highly-centralized (Macdonald's subordinate) federalism of Canada turn into the decentralizing federalism of today, whereas the coordinate federalism with which the Australians began in 1901 turned into the present centralized federalism? The answer given by Canadian Bruce Hodgins and Australian Don Wright is: "Territorially-based diversity and genuine sense of local and regional community made Macdonald's subordinate federalism impractical for Canada The territorially-based, relative homogeneity and general sense of being Australian, made limited and strictly coordinate federalism ephemeral for Australia." This reviewer has a great deal of difficulty with the conclusion of the historians though their view has much support amongst experts on federalism. I would question the alleged "homogeneity" of the Australian states versus the "diversity" of the Canadian provinces. Support for my point of view regarding Australia is given by authors Jean Holmes and Campbell Sharman in their book, The Australian Federal System, which is somewhat of a revisionist study challenging the conventional wisdom in Australian political science circles. They "underline the persistence and strength of regional loyalties in Australian government today." They demonstrate by way of public opinion surveys, regional voting patterns, federal aspects of the party system, the wide differences in executive, legislative and administrative styles between the state governments and high index of federal disharmony that Australia has a federal cultural base and its federalism is not merely structural. It could also be pointed out that Australia has a much greater range of climatic regions than Canada and these geographical regions give rise to different agricultural and industrial pursuits affecting lifestyles and attitudes. The evidence in these two competent studies seems to support the Riker-Birch view that the origins and fortunes of federalism are better explained by the views, skills, personalities, actions and luck of politicians than they are by the Livingston-Stein sociological approach.


Laser balloon ablation is a promising option for performing pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) which is the cornerstone of invasive atrial fibrillation (AF) treatment.

 We aimed to investigate the acute efficacy and safety of the novel third-generation of the laser balloon system in an initial multicenter experience.

 First and consecutive patients who underwent PVI with LB3 for drug-resistant paroxysmal or persistent AF at 7 Italian sites were included in this analysis. Study endpoints were acute procedural efficacy, defined as successful isolation of all identified PVs without radiofrequency touch-up, total and fluoroscopy times, and periprocedural complications.

 Our population included 86 patients (81% males, mean age 60.6±9.5 years) who underwent a procedure of PVI using LB3 between June 2020 and March 2021.
 Most patients had paroxysmal AF (74%) and were in sinus rhythm at the beginning of the procedure. The mean procedure time was 138±60 min; fluoroscopy time was 22±17 min and the mean ablation time was 44±40 min. Of the 313 targeted PVs, 311 (99.4%) could be isolated with first-pass LB3 application, while 2 (0.6%) required radiofrequency touchup. At the end of the procedure, all patients were in sinus rhythm and 26 (32%) received electrical cardioversion to achieve stable sinus rhythm.
 The total rate of major compilations was 1.2% (1/82 patients): one pericardial tamponade requiring epicardial puncture. No surgical intervention was necessary, and the patient recovered without any sequalae. There were no vascular access complications or phrenic nervy palsy. Three pinhole balloon raptures (3.5%) were observed during energy applications that required replacement of the whole system but had no effect on patient safety.

 In a first multicenter experience, the LB3 system for PVI was safe with excellent acute efficacy.

 Type of funding sources: None.


Amorphous (non-crystalline) materials have no crystal structure where the atoms appear to have a random distribution (Omar, 1993). There are different classes of amorphous materials. Glasses, inorganic materials which have no long-range order (<10 A) and high viscosity greater than 1013 Poise, are the most typical amorphous materials (Doremus, 1973; Jackson, 2004; Park, 2009). The regular arrangement resulting from the distribution over long distances of a repeating atomic arrangement, which is characteristic of a crystal, is missing in glasses (see Fig. 1). However, there is often evidence of a short-range order in glasses, which corresponds to the atomic arrangement in the immediate vicinity of any selected atom (Carter & Norton, 2007).


Interspecific and intergeneric hybridizations were carried out in an investigation of genome homology between Hystrix patula and other species of Hystrix, as well as the generic relationships between H. patula and its related species. Meiotic pairing in the hybrids H. patula × H. duthiei ssp. longearistata (Ns–), H. patula × Pseudoroegneria spicata (St), H. patula × Pse. libanotica (St), Elymus sibiricus (StH) × H. patula, H. patula × E. wawawaiensis (StH), Roegneria ciliaris (StY) × H. patula, H. patula × R. grandis (StY), and H. patula × Psathyrostachys huashanica (Nsh) averaged 1.32, 6.53, 5.62, 10.08, 12.83, 3.57, 3.98, and 0.29 bivalents per cell, respectively. The results indicate that: (1) H. patula has no genome homology with H. duthiei ssp. longearistata or the Ns genome from Psathyrostachys; (2) H. patula contains the same StH genomes as the Elymus species, and the St genome is homologous to the genome of Pse. spicata and Pse. libanotica; and (3) H. patula has a low genome affinity with the StY genomes of Roegneria. Therefore, it is reasonable to treat H. patula Moench as E. hystrix L. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 153, 213–219.


After the Party alteration in Taiwan,there are significant changes in the political situation and Cross-Strait relations.These will be the most important basis and conditions for improvement of the Cross-Strait relations.Under such circumstances,China and Taiwan may negotiate with each other and reach a Cross-Strait Peace Agreement,which is acceptable to both.


Abstract A numerical model is developed for the complete oil supply system of a scroll compressor. The system includes oil sump, pickup tube, oil gallery, bearings, and associated oil feed holes, vent, and port. There are two fluids, oil and gas, inside the system. The flow is numerically simulated as a heterogeneous Eulerian-Eulerian turbulent multi-phase flow. The investigation covers the entire working process of the scroll compressor from dry-start to steady state. Two design parameters, initial oil sump depth and viscosity, are studied comparatively. The detailed oil-gas flow inside the oil supply system is characterized by the field quantities. The physical mechanisms controlling oil supply rate are defined. The oil supply rate and the bearing prime time (the time after which oil is flowing through a bearing) are obtained. The results can be used to design and optimize the oil supply system to improve the reliability and efficiency of scroll compressors.


This article presents the design and implementation of open-loop and closed-loop control of a three phase induction motor using an ARM Cortex-M4 processor. This implementation includes proportional-integral (PI) control logic and sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) technique. The high processing speed of the ARM Cortex processor family permits the use of highly developed control to construct a high-precision control system. The design of the controller structure is achieved using a committed digital-based voltage/frequency (V/Hz) control scheme processor, specifically created for a motor that transform three-phase motor speed into control. This structure is composed of faster voltage/frequency control and generation of SPWM, which helps out to trigger the three-phase two-level inverter effectively. The calculation of frequency and voltage generated in the voltage source inverter will show its reliability and efficiency. The experimental authentication is carried out by open-loop and closed-loop volts per hertz control (V/f) technique. A graphical user interface screen is designed in MATLAB to set a reference speed as an input to the processor and monitor the real time performances through Ethernet connectivity. The electrical energy is used economically by adopting this implementation technique.


[Objective] To investigate the effects of laparoscopic surgical procedures on ventilatory function in patient with abdominal trauma or acute abdomen. [Methods] 45 cases with abdominal trauma or acute abdomen undergoing laparoscopic surgical procedures were studied. Ventilatory function(VC, MVV, FVC, FEV1/FVC%) were measured by SPIRD analgzer at pre- and post-laparoscopic surgery. [Results] Compared with pre-laparoscopic surgery, ventilatory function(VC, MVV, FVC, FEV1/FVC%) were no marked difference at post-laparoscopic surgery. [Conclusion] Laparoscopic surgical procedures were of no marked influence on ventilatory function.


The change of cis-trans-β-carotene content during storage of seven differently colored sweet potato cultivars was investigated by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 'Benihayato' had the highest β-carotene content at harvest, followed by 'Healthy Red' and 'Kenroku' ; 'Beniaka', 'Benikomachi', 'Kokei 14' and 'Beniazuma' had low β-carotene content. β-Carotene content in 'Benihayato' increased for 50 days after storage but decreased gradually afterward. Levels in 'Healthy Red' and 'Kenroku' tended to increase slightly during storage, whereas the levels in 'Beniaka', 'Benikomachi', 'Koukei 14' and 'Beniazuma' changed little during storage. At harvest, levels of 9-cis-β-carotene were considerably lower than were those of 13-cis and 15-cis-β-carotenes.


The Treasury Department should issue regulations treating the allocation and distribution of partnership profits in private equity funds — carried interest — as payments for services. My suggested "tax arbitrage" approach uses the presence of tax-exempt limited partners in the investment fund as a proxy for arrangements that inappropriately exploit the difference in tax rates among partners to reduce overall tax liability. The end result of treating carried interest as a payment for services achieves a result similar to the policy recommendation of Two and Twenty: Taxing Partnership Profits in Private Equity Funds, 83 NYU L. Rev. 1 (2008), but it would do so through executive action and without the need for new legislation. A tax arbitrage approach fits seamlessly into the fabric of partnership tax policy. Subchapter K often depends on the adverse interests of partners to guard against abusive tax planning. When adverse interests are not present, special rules often apply. In the case of investment funds, the presence of tax-exempt limited partners is a good proxy for tax arbitrage because an allocation of capital gains to the general partner in lieu of an explicit payment for services is not costly to tax-exempt or tax-indifferent partners, who value the foregone tax deductions at zero. Changing the tax treatment of carried interest by regulation is an appropriate exercise of the delegated legislative authority granted in § 707(a)(2)(A). While new regulations proposed in July 2015 focus almost exclusively on entrepreneurial risk, a close reading of the legislative history from 1984 shows that Congress expected that the managers of an arrangement like a modern private equity fund would be taxed at ordinary rates.


Online teaching has demonstrated an essential role in ensuring normal teaching process and quality when the epidemic spread across the world in 2020. The pandemic didn't stop the teaching, however, it promoted the rapid development of online teaching course design and practice. How to develop effective online teaching and maximize the teaching effect has become one heated topic among college teachers of different subjects. This article takes the online teaching of College Physics as an example to explore the major problems and countermeasures in online teaching based on modern applications, websites and instant messaging tools. Through analyzing the characteristics of the teaching content and specific learning conditions of the students, this research formulated detailed teaching, adopted proper teaching methods and made effective assessment methods. The research concluded that teachers need to fully consider the students' psychological states, include ideological education in daily teaching practice, form emotional understanding, develop a complete online teaching concept, and create a harmonious interactive teaching atmosphere in order to further achieve excellent teaching results.


This paper describes fault reconstruction issue for single input linear systems with uncertainty, using adaptive fuzzy dynamic sliding mode control (AFDSMC). The adaptive fuzzy control is used to access the control signal of dynamic sliding mode control and the adaptive law is derived. In AFDSMC sliding surface is used as the basis for reconstruction the fault signals. In AFDSMC an integrator is placed in front of the system to be controlled and the augmented system (the system plus the integrator) is one dimension bigger than the actual system and then, the plant model should be completely known. To overcome on this difficulty, an optimal loop transfer recovery observer (LTRO) is used. Comparing this method to other fault reconstruction methods, the advantage of the proposed method is to have the system controlled as well as its main task i.e. fault reconstruction.


Physicochemical properties of gliadin in different solvents (dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), H2O, and aqueous ethanol) and pH (9.8, 6.8, and 1.2) were investigated using dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential (ZP), and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Gliadin-DMSO and gliadin-deionized water (H2O) (pH 9.8) showed a lower size distribution, whereas samples solubilized in 60% aqueous ethanol presented a lower size distribution only at pH 1.2. ZP analysis showed that gliadin-H2O (pH 9.8) was the most stable evaluated system. ZP results of gliadin-DMSO indicated an unstable system, with the coexistence of several protein conformations. ATR-FTIR analysis showed that, in H2O, most protein conformations were β-sheets, while in DMSO a band at 1660 cm appeared to be related to protein unfolding. The techniques proved to be effective in monitoring conformation and stability of all gliadin/solvent systems. Such information can be used in the development of new gliadin-based materials.


Energy spectra of electrons reflected at a very smooth surface of liquid indium show both energy losses due to the excitation of surface plasmons (8.4 eV) and multiple peaks which correspond to a gain of one surface plasmon.


This study examined the entrepreneurial, nontraditional fundraising behaviors and activities of 23 community college presidents using interview and survey data. The institutional characteristics that facilitate entrepreneurial action and how presidents are raising these new revenues were explored. "Best practices" and implications for future research and practice are provided. The results of this analysis revealed meaningful information that is beneficial for community college presidents seeking to transform their colleges through entrepreneurial leadership. These findings indicate entrepreneurial presidents do exist and their practices can be identified. The findings also indicate that presidents' engagement in certain specific entrepreneurial practices do result in increased nontraditional funding secured. A summary of these key findings may be used as a guide for current and future community college leaders who desire to become more entrepreneurial.


Evaluation-in-practice can be regarded as a confluence of interactions between three broad idealised sets of stakeholders – the evaluand, evaluators, and commissioners of evaluations. Elsewhere I have suggested two contrasting manifestations in which these interactions might be expressed; one as an 'evaluation-industrial complex' (similar in form to the 'military-industrial complex' originally used by Dwight Eisenhower in 1961), and another as a more benign 'evaluation-adaptive complex' (Reynolds, 2015).

Building on the idea of an iron triangle that empowers the military-industrial complex, I represented the relationships of evaluation-in-practice as a triadic interplay involving six activities that influence the evaluation process. Here I focus on only one of the six activities – commissioning – and I summarise what it might look like for an evaluation-adaptive complex.


By using the turbidity analysis to evaluate the aggregation extent of nanometer titanium dioxide in aqueous medium containing inorganic ions,the effects of inorganic salts such as NaCl,Na_2SO_4,NaCO_3,Na_3PO_4 and (NH_4)_2S_2O_8, salts concentrations (0.2g/L—10.0g/L) and pH values in aqueous suspension on the aggregation of titanium dioxide have been studied.


The article evaluates the risk of thromboembolic complications and appropriateness of oral anticoagulants (OAC) in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) upon admission to inpatient treatment at the Tyumen Cardiology Center in 2014. The majority of patients with non- valvular AF, which is 82% of the total number of patients admitted to the hospital, were referred to the high risk group for thromboembolic events (≥ 2 points according to HA2DS2VASc). Before hospitalization, 39.4% of high-risk patients were taking OAC, the majority receiving warfarin. The therapeutic INR range at admission was registered in 30.8% of patients treated with warfarin. 11.1% of high-risk patients received new OAC. Thus, the nticoagulant therapy could be appropriate in 205 patients (19.8% of the high-risk group). There was a relationship between OAC treatment and the risks according to CHADS2 and HAS-BLED, but not CHA2 DS2VASc. OAC were more frequently administered by patients with persistent AF. The article demonstrates the need for a comprehensive educational and organizational initiative aimed at ensuring antithrombotic therapy which corresponds to the current clinical guidelines for patients with non-valvular AF.


We show that a symplectic isotopy that is a $C^0$ limit of Hamiltonian isotopies is itself Hamiltonian, if the corresponding sequence of generating Hamiltonians converge in $L^{(1, \infty)}$ topology.


Current techniques for dual-function radar-communications (DFRC) have been focused on downlink communication and information embedding into the emission of the radar system. In this paper, we consider the problem of half-duplex uplink communications in dual-function multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar communication systems. The DFRC system consists of a dual-function platform which functions as a MIMO radar during transmit mode and simultaneously receives and processes signals reflected from targets and uplink communication signals transmitted by a communication user. We propose a method for uplink signaling via forming a number of uplink beams carrying the same number of data symbols. Moreover, we employ non-adaptive and adaptive beamforming techniques at the radar receiver to separate the received communication signal from the target return even if they arrive from the same spatial angle. Cross-interference between the received communication and the reflected radar signals is mitigated using adaptive beamforming. We assess the effectiveness of the proposed uplink communication technique by numerical results.


Variable temperature 1H–{31P} and 1H–{11B} n.m.r. spectroscopy show that the [η4-B10H12]2– ligand in [Pt(B10H12)(PMe2Ph)2] undergoes a novel type of nondissociative rotation about an axis approximately in the PtII co-ordination plane; ΔG‡ for the process is 79 ± 5 kJ mol–1 at 71 °C.


Case teaching and learning is based on educators' aim of integrating theory and practice, which is in conformity with the teaching demands. On the basis of case teaching and learning as source materials, it leads learners into a specially designated authentic environment. Thus appears such a kind of effective teaching method, in which students put theory closely into practice by their own studying and at the same time students' competence to think back and to innovate can be cultivated. In the practice of teaching, teachers and students usually analyze, discuss different cases and then make a summary. What is worth paying attention to is that teachers and students must strengthen theory study, and establish a totally new concept of case teaching and learning.


The importance of coupled clusters iterative triple and noniterative quadruple, , electron excitations on the potential energy surfaces (PESs) of van der Waals molecules is examined for H –CO. The evaluation of this importance is performed by comparing theoretical spectra with experiment. Somewhat surprisingly, although the contributions to interaction energies are below 3%, the inclusion of them reduces the error of theory with respect to experiment by an order of magnitude and qualitative agreement of the spectra in some regions is achieved only when they are included. The main reason for these observations is that the effects significantly change the anisotropy of the PES. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


The German Tank Problem dates back to World War II when the Allies used a statistical approach to estimate the number of enemy tanks produced or on the field from observed serial numbers after battles. Assuming that the tanks are labeled consecutively starting from 1, if we observe $k$ tanks from a total of $N$ tanks with the maximum observed tank being $m$, then the best estimate for $N$ is $m(1 + 1/k) - 1$. We explore many generalizations. We looked at the discrete and continuous one dimensional case. We explored different estimators such as the $L$\textsuperscript{th} largest tank, and applied motivation from portfolio theory and studied a weighted average; however, the original formula was the best. We generalized the problem in two dimensions, with pairs instead of points, studying the discrete and continuous square and circle variants. There were complications from curvature issues and that not every number is representable as a sum of two squares. We often concentrated on the large $N$ limit. For the discrete and continuous square, we tested various statistics, finding the largest observed component did best; the scaling factor for both cases is $(2k+1)/2k$. The discrete case was especially involved because we had to use approximation formulas that gave us the number of lattice points inside the circle. Interestingly, the scaling factors were different for the cases. Lastly, we generalized the problem into $L$ dimensional squares and circles. The discrete and continuous square proved similar to the two dimensional square problem. However, for the $L$\textsuperscript{th} dimensional circle, we had to use formulas for the volume of the $L$-ball, and had to approximate the number of lattice points inside it. The formulas for the discrete circle were particularly interesting, as there was no $L$ dependence in the formula.


A vibrant higher education sector is a cornerstone to the production and application of cutting-edge knowledge and human resources relevant to spearheading socioeconomic development. While this is true, Africa has a discouraging performance in research, as compared with other world regions. In raising its research performance, Africa is now receiving considerable attention to revitalize its higher education sector from both global and local forces. In a bid to enhance success of different local and global interventions that Africa is currently receiving, it is imperative to revisit the past to comprehend what has made Africa's higher education research be where it is today. Informed by the postcolonial theory, this paper seeks to establish the historical antecedents that have undermined the development of research in Africa. Several antecedents are established including the role of colonial higher education policies, incompatible supranational donor policies, unstable political landscape, interrupted academic freedom and autonomy, and unfamiliar language of academic, research and scholarly communication. The paper argues that any initiative that aimed at revitalizing research in Africa should place the present higher education research doldrums in its wider sociohistorical context where Africa's higher education sector had been hindered for decades by challenges, as discussed in this paper.


In this study, the possibility of whether basophilic deposits adhered to the cupulas in the semicircular canals was investigated histologically. Results indicated that basophilic deposits were present in all three cupulas of the semicircular canals. The overall incidence of basophilic deposits in the superior, lateral and posterior semicircular canal cupulas was 26%, 41% and 37%, respectively. The incidence of basophilic deposits bound to the cupulas increased with age. The possible origin of these basophilic deposits on the cupulas and the increased incidence of basophilic deposits with increasing age are discussed.


From the ancient times crop production perceived as one of the most important Lithuanian activities in relation to cereals extraction growing. The Crop Production – is "basis for agriculture" (Kaluina, 1993), in a long time this basis has formed the current agricultural situation in Lithuania. This scientific object is cereal extraction in Lithuania. The objective is to carry out cereal extraction territorial dispersion analysis in Lithuania 2000–2014 year. This article scientific must tasks: review of scientific literature on the theme of cereal crops extraction; analyze grain extraction determinants; examine grain extraction territorial dispersion characteristics; assess grain production development prospects in Lithuania. All the time scientists are interested cereal crops extraction in Lithuania. Scientists analyzed a lot of things, these are development stages of cereal crops, natural and social economic conditions, which caused these cultures emergence of a certain territory and dissemination. The most important factors are natural and socio-economic. These factors are very much connected. Also, the modern territorial system of cereal extraction growing has developed under the influence of the following other factors: soil conditions; agricultural traditions formation within a certain time; the internal market demand; mastering new technologies; the Government's support and policy in agricultural industries; the European Union structural funds support and policy in agricultural. In Lithuania cereal crops extraction has increased from 2000 to 2014 years. An improving situation observed after accession to the European Union. Record harvest was fixed in 2014 year. It was influenced by technological million tonnes break in the Lithuanian grain farms. The Middle Lithuanian height intensive zone (area) for grain crops extraction. Here are good soil potential possibilities cereal crops (high yield) and here are a lower cost cultivation of cereal crops extraction. The condition for cereal crops extraction is bad in the Western and Eastern Lithuanian zones (areas). This area is characterized by worse natural – climatic conditions. In recent years, huge volumes of the growing cereals harvest, improving yields and growing conditions for crop areas form optimistic cereal crops for production in future. In our country economic situation will improve every years and this is an impact on improving agricultural situation. Keywords: Lithuania agriculture, cereal extraction, cereal prevalence, cereal area, grain fertility, grain yield. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/ge.2016.4


Abstract TRSE is used as a source of trends in social studies education inquiry over the past 25 years. There is a 60% − 30% balance between empirical research and theory articles, and 10% split between research reviews and methodological works. Quantitative research dominated early, but has waned; qualitative research has increased. Curriculum, learning, and teaching studies are roughly equal, with a recent upsurge in teaching research. Curriculum-oriented inquiry is increasingly dominated by normative theory. Learning studies aim most at intellectual development, with a recent focus on historical understanding. Teaching studies are dominated by pedagogy and methods research, with a recent emphasis on teacher thinking and perspectives. Subject matter is seen as general social studies about 20% of the time, and as disciplines about 40%, most notably history and economics. TRSE has become more international in content and authorship. There is an increase in non-refereed material, and the author urges edito...


Proisotoma ramosi Arle is redescribed based on specimens collected for the first time at National Park of "Serra dos Orgaos", Teresopolis, State of Rio de Janeiro. This species is easily identified by a set of characters: color white, 2+2 eyes, PAO long and narrow, labral setae pattern 4/554, external lobe of maxilla with bifurcate palp and 3 sublobal setae, sensillar pattern 53/22335 by half tergite, retinaculum with 4+4 teeth and two setae on corpus, manubrium with two anterior-distal setae, dens with 7 posterior and 11 anterior setae, mucro bidentate. Neotype for P. ramosi is designated.


"Pus in the neck calls for the surgeon's best judgment, his best skill and often for all his courage". What Mosher said about deep neck infections in 1929 still holds true. Neck space infections are rare but serious illness causing much morbidity and mortality. Results of various similar studies conducted in different parts of world showed large variations in prevalence, pattern, source of infection, bacteriological profile, and sensitivity to antibiotics. Aim of the study: To study the clinical profile, etiology, predisposing factors, complications and management of neck space infections. Study design: Cross sectional study Period: 2 years 59 patients with neck space infections treated in Govt. Medical College Thrissur were included. Data collected and analysis done with Epi Info. Results: Middle aged men with low socioeconomic status were more affected. Major risk factors were diabetes mellitus, immunosupression, and addictions. Submandibular space was the most commonly involved space, odontogenic infections being the most common etiology. Commonest organism was streptococcus pyogenes. Incidence of complications was 16.9% and was more in older age, patients with involvement of more than two spaces. Conclusion: Neck space infections calls for prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment for a good patient outcome.


Green Computing has attracted concerns in the past few decades, with the sole concern for the procedures
involve in the designing, manufacturing, usage and disposal of information and communication technology
(ICT) basically for environmental sustainability. The importance of human factor in green computing has
not received the deserved attention. The social, moral and ethical decadence resulting from the use of ICT
has reduced the quality of human in modern time. This study advocates the importance of peopleware as
essential aspect of green computing which equalling demands concern. Thus the adoption of peopleware in
green computing practices will invariably improve sustainability of the physical and spiritual environment.


I. It is a necessary condition of the truth of 'I raised my arm' that my arm rose; but it is not a sufficient condition. Is there some further necessary condition which, when conjoined with the condition that my arm rose, does give a sufficient condition of the truth of 'I raised my arm'?


This paper offers the analysis of the Protection of Mining area in the time of armed conflict under the perspective of International law, especially international humanitarian law. Some argue that mining area is a protected area under the International humanitarian law. However, mining is one of the reasons that could lead to conflict, and one of the areas that the enemy plans to take over. In the end, this paper will also investigate whether the mining area haas nexus to the armed conflict, and endeavors to assess how international law and international humanitarian law protect


Stumping is one of the important methods for tending management and restoration of population stability.In order to understand the adjustment regulation of density change which could provide scientific basis for population restoration and management of stump sprout,the density dynamic of stump sprout population was studied.Based on measurement of all individuals in a population of Hippophae rhamnoides subsp.sinensis at different successional stages,model adjustments of density dynamics and stump sprouts in the Mu Us sandy lands of north central China were analyzed using a spatial series substituted for a time series and plots arranged by age.In a model with variables of individual number,ramet morphology,and biomass adjustments were made by changing sprout and surviral rates of regenerated plants,ramet number,and plant density.Results showed that(1) population density had three stages increasing,decreasing and steady in turn;(2) morphological changes of regenerated plant included an increased population base diameter a decreased ratio of complex axis and an increased ratio of single axis;(3) biomass distribution constantly changed with sprout and survival adjustments.As the population base diameter increased,the dead branch biomass ratio increased and leaf biomass ratio decreased.Meanwhile,the ratios of clonal organs and mean root all decreased.Since growth and survivability could improve with a further stump sprouting,individual number and ramet morphology could be improved by adjusting the sprout and survival rate of clonal plants and ramets to help realize a rational utilization of the resource and maintenance of the population.


Background and objective: the development of visual hallucinations (VH) is a frequent complication of Parkinson's disease (PD). Impact of VH on emotion and daily living activities is mainly related to loss of insight. The neuropsychological bases of loss of insight have not been explored. We present data on the neuropsychological profile of PD patients with VH with and without insight retained. Material and methods: prospective study of 77 PD patients (37 without VH, 22 with minor VH, 10 with VH with insight, 8 with VH without insight) cognitively assessed by the Parkinson's Disease Cognitive Rating Scale (PD-CRS) and the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). Results: patients without VH and patients with minor VH were only differentiated by the CDR score. The subcortical PDCRS score significantly differed patients with minor VH from patients with VH with insight retained. Comparison between patients with VH, with and without insight retained, showed a significant difference only in the PD-CRS cortical score. Conclusions: loss of insight seems to be linked to the appearance of cortical-type cognitive defects, while development of VH with preserved insight is related to the progression of frontal-subcortical cognitive dysfunction. Development of minor VH may represent an early marker of cognitive impairment


The invention relates to a process for converting, by Virtue of a threshold, a signal exhibiting alternating rising and falling transitions, into a rectangular Signal, wherein the threshold is determined on each transition of the Signal to be converted. A device for implementing the proceSS comprises a delay line, whose input receives the Signal to be converted by way of an impedance equal to the characteristic imped ance of the line, and a comparator whose inputs are linked respectively to the input and to the output of the line.


Colorimetry applied to Imaging, known as device-independent color Imaging, has a historical basis in color television that is useful in Improving the color fidelity of color computer peripherals such as CRT displays and printers.


Raman spectroscopy is an optical technique that can interrogate biological tissues. In doing so it gives us an understanding of the changes in the molecular structure that are associated with disease development. The Kerr gating technique uses a picosecond pulsed laser and fast temporal gating of inelastically (Raman) scattered light. The tissue samples used were taken following fully informed consent and ethics approval. Bladder samples were obtained by taking a biopsy during a TURBT or TURP, prostate samples were taken during TURP and the liver and kidney (pigs) were bought at a supermarket. The bladder and prostate samples were snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored in an -80°C freezer until required for experimentation. The liver and kidney tissue were used fresh. The constituent samples were bought from Sigma – Aldrich. Multivariate and least squares analysis were used to ascertain the biochemical basis of the differing pathologies within the bladder and the prostate gland, as well as to test diagnostic algorithms produced by a colleague in our group. Depth profiling through the bladder and prostate gland was shown to be feasible by utilizing the Kerr gating technique as was the suppression of fluorescence from dark tissue (liver and kidney). We have shown for the first time, that we can utilise Raman spectroscopy to determine the biochemical basis of pathologies of the bladder and the prostate gland. With the help of the Kerr gating technique we also obtained spectra from different depths through them. We also suppressed fluorescence and resonantly enhanced Raman spectra from dark tissue. These have major implications in terms of understanding pathogenesis and disease progression and also the potential to accurately assess depth of tumour invasion.


Abstract Background Clinical investigations of electric toothbrushes in young children are limited. Aim To assess plaque reduction efficacy of an oscillating‐rotating electric versus manual toothbrush in a paediatric population in primary and mixed dentitions. Design In this randomised, single‐brushing, 2‐treatment, 4‐period, replicate‐use crossover study, subjects were divided into 2 age groups (3‐6 years; 7‐9 years) and assigned to a treatment sequence involving an Oral‐B Kids electric brush and a manual brush control. Plaque was assessed pre‐ and post‐brushing (Turesky Modified Quigley‐Hein Plaque Index). Parents brushed the teeth of their children aged 3‐6 years, whereas children aged 7‐9 years brushed their own teeth under supervision. Plaque removal scores were analysed for brush differences in each age group separately using an analysis of covariance for crossover design. Results Forty‐one children (n = 20, 3‐6 years; n = 21, 7‐9 years) completed the study. For the primary dentition in children 3‐6 years, the electric brush reduced 32.3% more plaque than the manual brush (P = .005). For the mixed dentition in children 7‐9 years, the electric brush reduced 51.9% more plaque than the manual brush (P < .001). Conclusions An electric toothbrush reduced significantly more plaque than a manual toothbrush in 2 paediatric age groups.


This paper reports a case study of creating a prediction model of English placement test scores for proficiency-based English language classes for incoming first-year students. Since the English placement test could not be administered in FY2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we used data from the past five years to create a random forest regression model was created using data from the past five years. Since the variables that could be used were limited to fixed information at the time of admission, the number of variables was minor, such as the type of entrance examination and high school types. Although the performance metrics of the model were not perfect, it was judged to be practical for using the prediction results, namely, class placement. In the following year, 2021, the English placement test could be administered, so the prediction model created in 2020 was used to verify the prediction results and actual performance. As a result, it was confirmed that the performance evaluation index tended to decrease. However, the performance was judged to be within the practical range, and the generalization performance of the forecasting model was confirmed. In addition, when the importance of the variables used in the prediction model was checked, the importance of the recommended entrance examination system was high. This suggests that the difference in English proficiency at the time of entrance is mainly due to the entrance examination system and the future that devise a countermeasure is necessary such as remedial education.


There is a strong trend, in several ongoing projects, that focuses on leveraging existing semantic technologies to enhance geospatial services and obtain integrated geosemantic solutions. One of those, the SWING project, is an EU funded project investigating the applicability of semantic technologies to geospatial standards, focusing on the definition of geospatial domain ontologies, the automated semantic annotation of data and services, and the discovery and chaining of distributed geospatial services. The final goal of this project is the definition of a geosemantic decision support SDI based on interoperable specifications. Based on the current status and results of the SWING project, this paper will describe the advantages of the standardization of geosemantic data and services and the challenges and difficulties faced when trying to integrate semantic and geospatial standards such as those from the OASIS, OGC or ISO consortiums. It will also show how the benefits of such a platform can be extended to other geospatial domains; in particular, it will show how the proper definition and usage of geospatial ontologies and semantically enabled catalogues can greatly enhance the publication, discovery, processing and thus sharing of geodata across different domains and between different parties.


We draw on a substantial body of theoretical and empirical research on regulating fake news content during COVID-19 pandemic, and to explore this, we inspected, used, and replicated survey data from Pew Research Center and Statista, performing analyses and making estimates regarding finding reliable news and information for updates on COVID-19 and role of social media companies according to Internet users Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data and test the proposed conceptual model