Things feature is the use of sensing systems collect items of information,and transmission and intelligent processing systems through to complete articles and information exchange between objects,and ultimately the goods and materials,people and goods interconnection and management.Based on this unique feature,things have become a modern logistics and marketing management of important technical means,but will also gradually entered people's lives.Things can be fully aware of the existence of an object,the effective realization of the reliability of information transmission,intelligence.Through in-depth study and exploration of things related to content,access to real-time information to improve the likelihood.In this paper,the application of the current status of things,information on the Internet of Things Issues of integration and interaction analysis and elaboration.


We describe a series of seven male patients from six different families with skeletal dysplasia, characteristic facial features, and developmental delay. Skeletal findings include patellar dislocation, short tubular bones, mild metaphyseal changes, brachymetacarpalia with stub thumbs, short femoral necks, shallow acetabular roofs, and platyspondyly. Facial features include: a flattened midface with broad nasal bridge, cleft palate or bifid uvula and synophrys. All of the patients demonstrated pre‐school onset of a cognitive developmental delay with a shortened attention span. Some of the cognitive delay was masked by a warm and engaging personality. We posit that these individuals have a newly recognized syndrome characterized by the described features. There is some phenotypic overlap between these patients and Desbuquois dysplasia; however molecular testing demonstrated that this is a distinct disorder. Given the family information available for each patient, we are suspicious that the constellation of findings reported herein could be an X‐linked recessive syndrome. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


A new psycho-evolutionary approach to human affiliation behavior, the so called theory of interpersonal balance, is presented. This theory integrates aspects of several existing affiliation theories into a broader evolutionary framework, thus revealing some facets of the affiliation motive that are neglected by other affiliation theories. Mainly, the theory points to the existence of a number of psychological mechanisms that could lead to the avoidance of social contacts. The theory of interpersonal balance is evaluated in the light of the strength and weaknesses of other conceptual approaches to social affiliation. It is shown that the theory is consistent with the main empirical findings in the domain. In addition, an empirical a priori test of the theory of interpersonal balance supports its main assumptions and clearly demonstrates that the theory makes testable predictions.


In this paper, we propose the representation of formations in terms of queues and queue vertices rather than with nodes, as well as the use of artificial potential trenches for the formation control of a team of robots. This addresses the issues of scalability, flexibility and stability which are required for the formation control of a large team of networked homogeneous robots with explicit communication capabilities. In addition, the ability of multi robot teams to negotiate obstacles is important for the operation of the teams in real and unstructured environments. The obstacle avoidance behavior considers the relative position and velocity, thus taking into account the presence of moving obstacles. In addition, local minima problems due to deep crevices of obstacles and dead ends of narrow paths, are solved by the application of the instant goal method.


Spinal stenosis may rarely involve both cervical and lumbar spines. An alternative surgical strategy used for the treatment of combined cervical and lumbar spinal stenosis is presented. Two cases with symptomatic combined stenosis of the cervical and lumbar spinal canal are described. Simultaneous surgery was performed in both cases. The combined stenosis of the cervical and lumbar spinal canal dictates careful neurologic and neuroradiologic examinations. Simultaneous surgery is an alternative approach for patients with symptomatic multilevel spinal stenoses, whose general conditions necessitate a one-session and short-lasting surgery.


Most of the enterprise information is stored in the database. Therefore, in order to investigate the company`s criminal behavior, forensic analysis is important for the database and delete record is a need to develop recovery techniques. This paper is explained structure of the oracle database tablespace file and analyzed system tables that stored table information. Further, we suggests a method of recovery for deleted record in oracle tablespace.


The relationship based on skull morphology of populations known as Canis latrans and C. niger in Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma and Texas is con- sidered. Available evidence indicates that C. niger has become extinct except in isolated areas of Louisiana. Elsewhere, C. latrans has replaced C. niger as a primary predator. Probable previous hybridization between C. latrans and C. niger is dis- cussed. Two species of wild canines, red wolves, (Canis niger) and coyotes (C. latrans) have been reported in recent years from Arkansas (Sea- lander, 1956), Louisiana (Lowery, 1943), eastern Oklahoma (Blair, 1939; McCarley, 1952) and eastern Texas (McCarley, 1959). Both species, as presently defined, show a considerable amount of geo- graphic variation and morphological overlap of both skeletal and pelage characteristics. Considerable confusion exists in species identifi- cation in areas where both may occur. This paper is an analysis of the relationship that currently exists between coyotes and red wolves in the south central United States (Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma and Texas) based largely on skull morphology. The study of variation in red wolves by Young and Goldman (1944), resulted in the naming of three subspecies of red wolves, largely on the basis of size. The largest of the subspecies, Canis n. niger (Bartram) has a geographic range in the southeastern United States east of the Mississippi River. This form is now presumed to be extinct and, because its range is beyond the confines of the present study, will not be considered further. The smallest of the red wolf populations was assigned to the subspecies C. n. rufus Audubon and Bachman with a geographic range in central Texas, central Oklahoma and northwestern Arkansas. A form described as C. n. gregoryi Gold- man has been characterized as intermediate in size between niger and rufus and has a geographic range between that of niger and rufus, i.e., the area eastward from eastern Oklahoma and Texas to, the Mississippi River and thence northward into Illinois and Indiana. Thus a west to east cline of increase in size is apparent.


It has been an established fact that finely ground calcium carbonate represents to a certain extent an active component during the hydration of Portland cement and the formation of calcium monocarboaluminate has been confirmed many times. Additionally, the formation of calcium hemicarboaluminate, as another possible compound, has been mentioned. There is, however, lack of specific information regarding these two compounds: there has been no experimental data on their hydration time-dependent formation, their interrelations, and their amount in a hardened cement paste. This paper describes the time-related formation of hemicarboaluminate and monocarboaluminate and reports for the first time in the literature the conversion of hemicarboaluminate into monocarboaluminate on the basis of X-ray diffraction by following the content of the latter using the Rietveld method. Hemicarboaluminate appears at early hydration times in calcite-containing Portland cement, even in the presence of large amounts of calcium carbonate. As the hydration progresses, a gradual conversion of hemicarboaluminate into monocarboaluminate occurs. The only detectable AFm-type compound present in well-hydrated cement is calcium monocarboaluminate.


The somaclonal mutant HX_3 has shown a broad spectrum resistance to bacterial blight. To study the inheritance of the bacterial blight resistance in HX_3, a cross was made between HX_3 and a susceptible cultivar Longtefu A. The F2 population of 418 plants was inoculated with Chinese bacterial blight strain Zhe 173 (pathotype Ⅳ ). Results showed that the F2 progenies segregated in a ratio of 3R∶ 1S (324 resistant plants and 94 susceptible plants). From the plants tested, 114 individuals (86 resistant and 28 susceptible) were chosen randomly for RAPD analysis. Twelve highly resistant and 12 highly susceptible plants were selected to form a resistant pool and a susceptible pool, respectively.


The application of the adsorption process of active carbon in the purification of sodium rhodanate of wet-spun acrylic fiber was the only technology in our country. The comparison was made on imported and local made active carbon in capability of remove impurities. As a result, the adsorption quantity of the active carbon was in proportion to the bore volume in fix range bore radius. It was better for the sodium rhodanate material system to select the active carbon having more middle bore radius(the bore radius was 2 to 5 nm). The right active carbon for the sodium rhodanate material system was selected and the good effects were obtained.


The Individual Zone of Optimal Functioning (IZOF) model postulates the functional relationship between emotions and optimal performance, and aims to predict the quality of upcoming performance with respect to the pre-performance emotional state of the performer. Several limitations associated with the traditional method of determining the IZOF are outlined and a new probabilistic approach is introduced instead. To reliably determine the boundaries of the IZOF and their associated probabilistic curve thresholds, performance outcomes that vary in quality, as well as the emotional intensity associated with them, are taken into account. Several probabilistic models of varying complexity are presented, along with hypothetical and real data to illustrate the concept. The traditional and the new methods are contrasted in one actual set and two hypothetical sets of data. In all cases the proposed probabilistic method was found to show greater sensitivity and to more accurately represent the data than the traditio...


We report electron transmission and Raman spectroscopy study of InAs nanowires. We demonstrate that the temperature dependent behavior of optical phonon energies can be used to determine the relative wurtzite fraction in the InAs nanowires. Furthermore, we propose that the interfacial strain between zincblende and wurtzite phases along the length of the wires manifests in the temperature-evolution of the phonon linewidths. From these studies, temperature-dependent Raman measurements emerge as a non-invasive method to study polytypism in such nanowires.We report electron transmission and Raman spectroscopy study of InAs nanowires. We demonstrate that the temperature dependent behavior of optical phonon energies can be used to determine the relative wurtzite fraction in the InAs nanowires. Furthermore, we propose that the interfacial strain between zincblende and wurtzite phases along the length of the wires manifests in the temperature-evolution of the phonon linewidths. From these studies, temperature-dependent Raman measurements emerge as a non-invasive method to study polytypism in such nanowires.


The definition of complex interal-valued function's series is given. The definition of complex fuzzy-valued function's series and the discrimination theorem of uniform convergency of complex fuzzy-valued function's series are further discussed.


Many claims have been made concerning the cause/effect relationship between recreation and leisure activity, and the acquisition of quality living. Studies have investigated the utility, quality, and quantity of recreation facilities. Studies of programs, leadership, members, and general classifications of users have also been conducted.


The advancement of IT applications in the medical field has increased the need for digital display devices. An LCD for use in interpretation should provide a high quality display that is equivalent to or better than traditional X-ray photo films. It is also required to achieve high degrees of brightness, contrast ratio, viewing angle characteristics and uniformity of brightness as well as consistent reliability. In support of such challenging display quality criteria for medical monitors, NEC LCD Technologies is able to offer LCD monitors composed of LCD panels based on SFT technology. These units feature low color shift, higher aperture ratio and high definition and have a direct backlight type panel that features a high degree of brightness and improved brightness uniformity.


In the present paper we construct normal numbers in base $q$ by concatenating $q$-ary expansions of pseudo polynomials evaluated at the primes. This extends a recent result by Tichy and the author.


In the mid-1960s, protein deficiency was seen as themost important nutritional problem facing the poor inthe developing countries, and there was considerableconcernthatthisdeficiencyaffectedchildren'sabilitytolearn. The Institute of Nutrition of Central America andPanama (INCAP), based in Guatemala, became thelocusofaseriesofstudiesonthissubject,thatinformedthe development of a large-scale randomized nutri-tional intervention trial that ran from 1969 to 1977.


Considering the critical situations of the modern power grid,this article discusses the stability requirements of the system,and the reason for system errors that is a chance factor is presented at one time.And then the measures of prevention control,self-corrector control,emergency control and restorative control must be taken,and a "four defensive line scheme" is presented in order to ensure the stability of the system.The article focuses on discussing emergency control,and introduces the importance and feasibility of emergency control,and introduces the goals and means of it,and in the end this paper introduces the design principles and examples of emergency control system.


This paper aims to compare two views of interpretation by contrasting value-pluralism and monism. It also attempts to reflect on the implications of these views in the context of the current legal situation in Japan. Isaiah Berlin and Joseph Raz defend value-pluralism—a concept which suggests that the possibility of value-conflict can never wholly be eliminated from human life. Raz also takes up what he calls interpretive pluralism. The point of interpretive pluralism is that all incompatible interpretations can be good. In contrast, Ronald Dworkin supports the interpretive approach which is a necessary condition for his legal theory, which he calls "law as integrity." This conception suggests that values which justify legal practice are integrated, and integrated values require and guide the integrity of adjudicative decisions through interpretation. For Dworkin, Berlin's value-pluralism, which suggests that politically important values conflict with one another, is the target to overcome. In this paper, I would like to overview the value-pluralism of Berlin and Raz (chapter 2); give an overview of interpretive pluralism and legal interpretation (chapter 3); consider Dworkin's criticism of value-pluralism and his conception of law as integrity (chapter 4); and finally, I would like to compare two views of interpretation—Raz's interpretive pluralism and Dworkin's law as integrity—and their implications for the current legal situation in Japan (chapter 5). Before starting this discussion, let me refer to Berlin's essay, "The Hedgehog and the Fox." Berlin cites an aphorism from an old poet: "The fox knows a lot of things, and the hedgehog knows one big thing."1 He takes this phrase metaphorically and suggests the aphorism has the meaning that there are deep differences between human beings. On one hand, there are people who consider everything to be related to one single basic understanding or system, and they think according to this understanding or system. On the other hand, there are people who pursue various goals that have no relation to and conflict with each other. Berlin, suggesting that there is a deep gap between these two types of human beings, classifies the first type of person as "the hedgehog" and the latter as "the fox".2


This 5-page document explores the results of a study in which Florida residents processed video messages about fertilizer best practices, with a focus on how their information-processing behaviors differed by age. Written by Amanda D. Ali, Laura A. Sanagorski Warner, Ashley N. McCleod, Shelli Rampold, and Alexa J. Lamm and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, December 2018. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/wc323


Purpose To investigate the diagnostic value and standards of fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) for diagnosis of mucinous breast carcinoma. Methods The basic morphological characteristics of the FNAC smears of 14 cases mucinous breast carcinoma were compared. The reasons of the diagnosed cases( grade Ⅰto Ⅲ)were analyed. Results The cell nuclei grades of mucinous breast carcinoma were mainly from grade one to grade two,belonging to light or medium dysplasia. The diagnosed sensitivity was 71.4%. False negative rate was 28.6%. There were more or less mucus appeared in all the 14 cases. Cells arranged in two main types,tri-dimension structure or dispersional pattern in 12 cases. Dissociated tumour cells of medium dysplasiac appeared in 11 cases. There were 4 cases of psammoma bodies among the group of pure mucinous breast carcinoma. Conclusions Mucinous breast carcinoma can be diagnosed in FNAC smears by the basic morphological characteristics.


The hierarchical pattern exploitation (HPE) method is proposed for the efficient electromagnetic analysis of finite periodic arrays. Instead of taking advantage of the Toeplitz symmetry by discretizing integral equations (IEs), HPE partitions the array hierarchically to form considerably larger geometrical repetitions, which result in identical interaction blocks inside the system matrix. These interaction blocks representing patterns are characterized and hashed to generate a directory, which maps the patterns to the references of the submatrices. Due to the large proportion of repetitions in hierarchical matrix (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {H}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-matrix), HPE accelerates the matrix assembly and reduces the required storage drastically. Numerical examples show that the HPE outperforms the classical <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {H}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-matrix by a large margin with much less storage and CPU time cost for the analysis of finite periodic arrays. Compared with the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) and the characteristic basis functions method (CBFM), HPE also demonstrates competitive performance, which validates the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.


In recent years, array of industrial activities have been disturbing the water quality by release of various contaminants like dyestuff, heavy metal ions and many other organic substances. Discharges containing dyes, in particular, are to be controlled due to their highly toxic nature. These dyes are commercially important chemicals and frequently used in dying, printing, textile, photoghaphy, food and cosmetic industries. Despite of their importance, dyes are toxic and carcinogenic in nature. Environmental contamination by these toxic chemicals is causing serious global problems. The photocatalytic degradation of safranine O dye was carried out using MnO2 as semiconductor. Solution was prepared in distilled water and visible light was used as the source of energy. The effect of various parameters like amount of semiconductor, pH, light intensity, dye concentration etc. on the photodegradation is investigated. A tentative mechanism has been proposed.


Metallic hollow sphere structures constitute a new group of porous metals. They are in contrast to metallic sponges characterised b y a defined cell respectively sphere geometry which yields to less scattering in materia l parameters. In the scope of this paper, the potential for lightweight construction of this material is analysed by means of the finite element method. In addition to macroscopic Young's modulus, the initial yield strength in dependence on the averaged structural density is de termined.


We calculate the temperature and layer-dependent electronic structure of a 20-layer EuO(100) film using a combination of first-principles and model calculation based on the ferromagnetic Kondo-lattice model. The results suggest the existence of a EuO(100) surface state which can lead to a surface insulator-metal transition.


Abstract Objective Burnout has primarily been examined from an individual's perspective without taking the broader environmental context into account. The authors applied an integrative, multilevel perspective and investigated the influence of leaders' motivational strivings on employee burnout. In two multisource studies, we investigated relationships between leaders' achievement goals and employee burnout while controlling for employees' own achievement goals. Method Study 1 consisted of 362 members and 72 leaders of the corresponding working groups. Study 2 consisted of 177 employees and 46 leaders of the corresponding working groups, and measurements were spaced apart in time. We also ran a model including the data of both Study 1 and Study 2. Results Multilevel analyses indicated that leaders' mastery‐approach goals were negatively related to employee burnout above and beyond employees' own achievement goals. Leaders' performance‐approach goals were positively related to employee burnout in Study 1 and in the overall analysis combining Study 1 and Study 2. Conclusions We advance our understanding of the motivational etiology of burnout by examining the top‐down effects of leaders' achievement goals on employee burnout over and above employees' own achievement goals. In order to reduce burnout, organizations should take leaders' achievement goals into account as an important contextual factor.


Most current solutions for Web Based Instruction (WBI) use a centralized management model and a proprietary internal representation. The AVANTE Architecture is a WBI environment assembled using CORBA distributed components, implementing core services such as course management, user authentication, collaborative work, database access, presentation, and others. The AVANTE components conform to a 4-tiered model, with Client, Presentation, Management, and Low-Level Services component sublayers. Emergent XML standards for WBI describe all metadata definitions. Components at the Management layer manipulate JDBC-SQL data from the Low-Level Services Layer, and combine it with corresponding XML Schemas, instantiating course objects as new XML descriptions and component services. A filter-mapping service in the Presentation layer produces the dynamic HTML web pages needed for user interaction, processing these XML descriptions by applying one or more previously defined XSL stylesheets. A similar mechanism implements interface customization and remote service administration. The developed WBI system was deployed with open source software. Adding CORBA components easily achieves on-demand scalability. Future services include auditing, adaptive interfaces, grading, content development, and integration with existing systems.


ABSTRACT Gilbert Ryle famously wrote that practical knowledge (knowing how) is distinct from propositional knowledge (knowing that). This claim continues to have broad philosophical appeal, and yet there are many unsettled questions surrounding Ryle's basic proposal. In this article, I return to his original work in order to perform some intellectual archeology. I offer an interpretation of Ryle's concept of action that I call 'adverbialism'. Actions are constituted by bodily behaviours performed in a certain mode, style or manner. I present various challenges to adverbialism – scenarios in which it seems we publicly behave one way, but privately feel another. And I offer a response – Ryle's stated practice of re-describing those situations in ways that pose no threat to his adverbialism. I also present an interpretation of practical knowledge in Ryle's work. Knowing how is a special kind of action, undertaken only when we progressively self-modify our behaviours in the presence of new challenges or opportunities.


Let R be a ring with involution*. In this paper, we study additive subgroups A of R which are invariant under all mappings of the form <j>x : a —> xax*. That is, xAx* C A, for all x £ R. Obvious examples of such subgroups A are ideals of R, the set of symmetric elements, and the set of skew-symmetric elements. We will prove that when R is *-prime, these examples are essentially the only ones. This result gives some insight into a recent theorem of I. N. Herstein [4]. He proved that if A is a subring of a semi-prime ring R, such that xAx* C A for all x £ R, then either A contains a non-zero ideal of R or A is contained in the center of R. In the *-prime case, his result is a consequence of ours. Thus it would seem that the additive structure of A plays a more important role than its multiplicative structure in considerations of this type. In work to appear, done independently, W. E. Baxter [2] has also generalized Herstein's result by assuming that A is merely a Jordan subring, rather than a subring. Specifically, he has proved that if R is a semi-prime ring which is 2-torsion free, and A is a Jordan subring of R such that xAx* C A for all x £ R, then either A contains a non-zero ideal of R, or A consists of symmetric elements and contains all the symmetric elements in some non-zero ideal of R. Baxter's result, in the *-prime case, is also a consequence of ours; moreover, we prove an analogous result for the case when 2R = 0. We note that the xAx* C A condition has appeared in several other places. P. H. Lee used the notion of a symmetric subring in [6] to study the subring generated by the symmetric elements: a symmetric subring A of R satisfies xAx* Ç A, but in addition is generated by symmetric elements and contains all norms and traces. Also K. McCrimmon in [8] defines the kernel K{B) of an ideal B of R with B* Q B:


Jhamak Ghimire is a Nepali writer having got birth in 1980, in the eastern suburb of Nepal, Dhankuta. She was born with the severe disability i.e. cerebral palsy which has robbed her of her motor controls of her arms, slurred her speech and limited her movement. She writes with her foot. She has published eight volumes of poetry, stories and essays and is a regular columnist in Kantipur newspaper. She has won many awards for her writings in literature. She has won Madan Puraskar, Nepal's most prestigious literary prize in 2011, for her autobiographical novel Jeevan Kanda Ki Phool which is translated by Nagendra Sharma and Safal Sharma, in English as, A Flower in the Midst of Thorns. The article attempts to explore the challenges which Ghimire has to confront for deconstructing the "ideology of ability" through her novel. So, this article selects some excerpts from the book to show her subordination at multiple levels.


Technology development in photonics is rapidly progressing. The concept of a Unified Network will provide re- configurable network access to platform sensors, Vehicle Management Systems, Stores and avionics. The re-configurable taps into the network will accommodate present interface standards and provide scaleability for the insertion of future interfaces. Significant to this development is the design and test of the Optical Backplane Interconnect System funded by Naval Air Systems Command and developed by Lockheed Martin Tactical Defense Systems - Eagan. OBIS results in the merging of the electrical backplane and the optical backplane, with interconnect fabric and card edge connectors finally providing adequate electrical and optical card access. Presently OBIS will support 1.2 Gb/s per fiber over multiples of 12 fibers per ribbon cable.


Silverblatt, Irene. Moon, Sun, and Witches. Gender Ideologies and Class in Inca and Colonial Peru. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987. xxxiii + 266 pp. including bibliography and index. $39.50 cloth, $14.50 paper. Rubenstein, Roberta, ed. Boundaries of the Self: Gender, Culture, Fiction. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1987. ix + 256 pp. including bibliography and index. $24.95 cloth. Beneria, Lourdes, and Martha Roldan. The Crossroads of Class and Gender: Industrial Homework, Subcontracting, and Household Dynamics in Mexico City, xii + 204 pp. including bibliography and index. $42.00 cloth, $15.95 paper.


This preliminary study was designed to ascertain the relative intelligibility of the twenty‐six individual spoken alphabet letters when presented to normal listeners over a 45‐db range of levels. The gain function for the pooled results of 26 letters spoken by three experienced speakers to 18 listeners has a sigmoidal shape. The 15‐db increase in presentation level from 10 to 25 db yields a 65% increase in correct identification for all letters. The average slope of the pooled curve for all letters between 20 and 80% was 4.34% per db. The curves appear to be similar to those of the more difficult stimuli such as the monosyllable PB lists and unselected disyllabic lists. Percentages of correct identifications for each letter at each presentation level are also presented.


This paper introduces some practical experience of English teaching with an objective-teaching approach in Wuhan Institute of Shipbuilding Technology and then discusses how to apply this way in higher vocational colleges based on Bloom's theory of educational ideas.


Based on the analysis of the photocurrent behavior of Pt sandwiched Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 (PZT) films, the experimental evidence of top Pt/PZT interface layer thickness effect on the photocurrent is reported. It was well established before that the photocurrent of metal/ferroelectric film is attributed to the height of Schottky contact barrier. However, our results suggest that the photocurrent of Pt/PZT interface contact is determined not only by the barrier height but also by the interface layer thickness, namely, by the built-in electrical field at the interface layer. The mechanism behind such photocurrent phenomenon is proposed.


A three Higgs-doublet model exhibiting -symmetry can predict the observed pattern of quark masses and their mixings. However, the same symmetry also introduces potential flavor-changing neutral currents (FCNCs) at the tree level. In this study, we assume that the scalar potential contains appropriate soft -breaking terms to maintain flexible choices of scalar masses. We identify the parameters in the Yukawa Lagrangian of the quark sector responsible for such FCNCs and constrain them using data from flavor physics observables, such as meson-decays and meson-mixings. We also validate the corresponding model parameter space via renormalization group evaluation.


Anti-depressive and Anti-obesity Changes Following Either Dietary Isoflavone Treatment or Injection Treatment with the Isoflavonoid Equol: Positive Response Dependent on Animal Age and Ovarian Status in Female Long-Evans Rats


Random numbers are arranged in a circle. At each time step, the lowest number, and the numbers at its two neighbors, are each replaced by new random numbers. That's all! This step is repeated again and again. What could be simpler than replacing some random numbers with some other random numbers? Who says that complexity cannot be simple? This simple scheme leads to rich behavior beyond what we could imagine. (Per Bak, 1996, p. 138 [1].)


Aim: Correlation of cytochrome P450 (CYPs) with preneoplastic changes in the early stage of hepatocarcinogenesis is still unclear. To detect the expression of carcinogen-metabolizing related microsomal P450 enzymes, namely the CYP1A1,CYP1A2, CYP2B 1/2, CYP2E1, and CYP3A, we performed the medium-term bioassay of Ito's model in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: The amount and activity of CYP were assessed by biochemical and immunohistochemical methods in week 8.The correlation between CYP expression and microsomal oxidative stress was investigated by comparing the generation of microsomal lipid peroxidation in the presence or absence of specific CYP inhibitor. Results: In the DEN-2-AAF and 2-AAF alone groups, the expression of CYP1A1 and CYP2E1 were up-regulated and the expression of CYP2B 1/2 and CYP1 A2 were quite the contrary. Strong staining of CYP2E1 and CYP2BI/2 was found around the centrolobular vein and weak staining in the altered hepatic foci revealed by immunohistochemical procedure.There was no significant change in the activity of CYP3A among the 4 groups.Altered hepatic tissue bore more microsomal NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dimucleotide phosphate,reduced form)-dependent lipid peroxidation than normal tissue. And the difference among the 4 groups disappeared when CYP2E1 was inhibited. More microsomal lipid peroxidation was generated when incubated with CYP1A inhibitor α-naphthoflavone. Conclusion: CYP altered their expression levels and these alterations can play important roles in the alteration of cell redox status of preneoplastic tissue in the early stage of hepatocarcinogenesis.


FIELD: data processing. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to navigation equipment and can be used in systems for commercial navigation. Method includes (a) reception of data describing a location, (b) deducing by extrapolation based on data of an address referenced to location, (c) identification of message path segment, which includes address, (d) setting of a polygon, which has an outer border, which covers geographical area near segment, (e) obtaining geographic coordinates of points within polygon, (f) identification of address in geographic coordinates and (g) identification of object that is bound to address in geographic coordinates. Also provided is a system which implements said method, and a storage device containing instructions which control a processor for implementing method. EFFECT: broader functional capabilities. 9 cl, 23 tbl, 2 dwg


The positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR) effect in Ba1-xSrxPb1+yO3-s ceramics is systematically studied. The influence of the preparation conditions on the PTCR properties is experimentally tested. The PTCR effect in metallic-conducting BaPb1+yO3 is confirmed around 700°C. The temperature where the PTCR effect starts can be shifted to a higher temperature range by substituting strontium for the A-site barium. By the enhancement of the sintering, the magnitude of the PTCR effect was increased and the resisitivity was reduced. In addition to Pb(IV) in the perovskite structure, Pb(II) is detected at the grain boundary in the sintered body.


MicroRNAs (miR) are approximately 22-nucleotide long double stranded non-coding RNAs, excised from longer (60–110 nt), stem-loop containing RNA precursor structures. They constitute an important layer of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression via degradation of target mRNAs and/or impairment of translation, mediated by the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), a cytosolic ribonucleoprotein complex. Many miRs are well conserved, especially in vertebrates, and display distinct temporal and spatial expression patterns.1,2 The roughly 500 mammalian miRs are thought to regulate up to 30% of protein-coding genes and are involved in both physiological and pathological processes like development and cancer. As part of known signaling pathways and regulatory circuits, miRs can exert oncogenic or tumor suppressor functions, and miR expression profiles are emerging among viable markers for diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Evidence is accumulating that the p53 gene family and microRNAs form a dense functional network: p53 family proteins are being extensively regulated by, and act as regulators of microRNAs. For example, the archetypical tumor suppressor p53 transactivates pro-apoptotic miR-34a and cell cycle arrest-inducing miR-192/215. Conversely, miR-125b downregulates p53 mRNA in p53-induced apoptosis during development and the genotoxic stress response. The p53 homolog p63 is essential for formation of limbs and stratified epithelia including squamous epithelium and urothelium, and is also a major protector of germ cell integrity. Accordingly, while most somatic cells constitutively express p53 under tight regulatory mechanisms, p63 is only expressed in select tissues including skin, squamous epithelia of the gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, and in oocytes and testis.3,4 A broader picture is now emerging in which p63 expression is regulated by specific microRNAs in the respective tissue context. MicroRNA-203 (miR-203) was recently identified as a p63 repressor in epithelia.5,6 In volume 8, issue 9 (May 1) of Cell Cycle, Scheel et al. report microRNAs of the 302 cluster (miR-302) as novel antagonists of p63 expression in cells of the germline. Additionally, the tumor-associated microRNA-21 might interfere with p63 expression in malignant brain tumors.7 In stratified epithelia, p63 is crucial for tissue morphogenesis and stem cell maintenance, mostly through its highly expressed ΔNp63α isoform in the basal and suprabasal cell layers, which lacks the N-terminal transactivation domain.3 By skin-specific conditional knockout of the essential microRNA-processing enzyme Dicer1, Yi et al. demonstrated the importance of microRNAs for proper development of epithelia and their appendage structures in vivo.3 This effect could be largely traced to miR-203 which directly represses p63 expression and is associated with skin stratification and differentiation.5 MiR-203 was detected in the suprabasel and superficial layers of the skin, but not in the stem cell-containing basal layer. MiR-203 expression was rapidly induced between E13.5 and E15.5 and correlated with keratinocyte differentiation. Overexpression of miR-203 in vivo in transgenic mice under the control of the keratin 14 promoter, and in vitro in keratinocytes caused accelerated depletion of p63-positive skin stem cells by reducing their proliferative potential. Conversely, specific antagonization of miR-203 with chemically modified antisense-oligonucleotides in vivo and in vitro, as well as skin-specific inducible knockout of the essential microRNA processing enzyme Dicer1 caused atypical expansion of p63 expression and increased epidermal proliferation. The direct interaction of miR-203 and the 3'UTR of p63α-mRNA mainly causes translational inhibition. Lena et al. confirmed these findings but point out that although in vitro overexpression of miR-203 enhances keratinocyte differentiation, it is not sufficient for full differentiation.6 Expression of p63 has also been described in specific stages of cells of the germline, i.e. in oocytes and spermatocytes.4,8 Here, p63 isoforms containing the N-terminal transactivation domain (TA) are predominantly expressed. They have pro-apoptotic functions, e.g. by inducing the Bcl2-antagonizing proteins Puma and Noxa. Knockout experiments indicated that p63 is dispensable for the formation of oocytes, yet is of major importance in the response to genotoxic stress as guardian of the germ line: Upon γ-irradiation, meiotically-arrested oocytes undergo apoptosis in a TAp63-dependent manner. However, during subsequent oocyte maturation, p63 protein disappears and is no longer detectable in antral follicles and ovulated oocytes. In the previous issue of Cell Cycle, Scheel et al. now report the embryo and germ cell specific miR-302 as a novel repressor of p63 expression in germ cells. Using an elegant immunofluorescence screen, a comprehensive library of microRNA expression-plasmids was tested and miR-302 was identified as the most potent antagonist of p63 protein expression. Direct interaction of miR-302 with two binding sites in the 3' UTR of p63α mRNA causes increased degradation of the transcript. MiR-302 is one of the most specifically expressed microRNAs3 and found mainly in embryonic cells and germ cells where it is directly induced by transcription factors Oct4 and Sox2. For example, the miR-302/367 cluster is known to be exclusively expressed at high levels in human embryonic stem cells (hESC) but not in either somatic adult stem cells or in adult or embryonic differentiated cells.9 Differentiation causes loss of Oct4/Sox2 and also loss of miR-302 expression. Interestingly, in normal and malignant testis a reciprocal relationship between p63 and miR-302 expression


. Climatic and associated hydrological changes controlled the transport processes and composition of the sediments in the central Red Sea during the last ca. 200 kyr. Three different source areas for mineral dust are identified. The dominant source is located in the eastern Sahara (Sudan and southernmost Egypt). We identify its 15 imprint on Red Sea sediments by high smectite and Ti contents, high 87 Sr/ 86 Sr and low e Nd . The availability of deflatable sediments was controlled by the intensity of tropical rainfall and vegetation cover over northern Africa linked to the African monsoon. Intense dust input to the Red Sea occurred during arid phases, low input during humid phases. A second, less significant source indicated by palygorskite input is probably located on the eastern Arabian Peninsula and/or Mesopotamia, while the presence of kaolinite suggests an additional minor dust source 20 in northern Egypt. Our grain size data reflect episodes of fluvial sediment discharge to the central Red Sea and document the variable strength in response to all of the precession-paced insolation maxima during our study interval including both those that were strong enough to trigger sapropel formation in the eastern Mediterranean Sea and those that were not. The African Humid Period most strongly expressed in our Red Sea record was the one during the Eemian last interglacial at ca. 125 ka, followed


In Paradise (1998), the third novel in Toni Morrison's historical trilogy that includes Beloved (1987) and Jazz (1992), Morrison continues to unearth key moments in African American history to explore the complex origins of black identity and community. Like Beloved and Jazz, Paradise invokes and examines traumatic histories. While these earlier texts contain only glimpses of strategies for dealing with painful pasts, Paradise presents a fuller account of healing individual and collective historical trauma. This novel distinguishes itself from the earlier texts in this trilogy by making religion and spirituality central to questions of history. By highlighting the historic importance of Christianity for mainstream American and African American nationhood and community building, Paradise opens up the possibilities it contains for healing the traumas and injustices of this painful history. More than her previous novels, Paradise seems written in response to the failures of the Civil Rights Movement and the Black Nationalist Movement to bring about full equality and social justice for all Americans, what Martin Luther King, Jr., envisioned as the "beloved community." In Paradise, Morrison uses a multiplicity of religious beliefs to ground a new politics for post-Civil Rights America. The text performs what Stuart Hall has called an "articulation," a contingent connection "between ideology and social forces" that reorganizes elements of cultural practice in a "new discursive formation" that has the power to enact cultural change (Grossberg 142, 143). Hall argues that some contemporary social movements have effectively used religion to construct a useful narrative "to connect the past and the present," to help a people articulate in new ways "where they came from with where they are and where they are going" (Grossberg 143). Paradise attempts to enact a similar cultural transformation by using the religious and spiritual beliefs of black women and men to rearticulate (African) American history and nation building in the hopes that this rethinking of the past opens up the possibility of reimagining the future. The text extends the project begun in Beloved and Jazz of invoking traumatic histories, by using religion and spirituality in innovative ways that attempt to heal the pains of this history. To enact cultural healing, the novel encourages its readers to reimagine more inclusive, accepting communities that disrupt the violent exclusions that characterize both mainstream American and traditional African American conceptions of race, history, and nation. Paradise does the work of rearticulating African American conceptions of nation building by recounting the violent history of the citizens of Ruby, an all-black town in rural Oklahoma. Ruby is made up of descendents of former slaves who sought to leave behind the racial and economic oppression they experienced during slavery and Reconstruction. The citizens of Ruby guard against further oppression by establishing a rigid, isolationist code of behavior that refuses to allow any new ideas, beliefs, or ethnicities to interfere with their sense of racial pride and community. The male citizens of the town begin to feel threatened by the alternative sense of community offered when a group of women of different economic, ethnic, and racial backgrounds start to gather at a former convent 17 miles outside of Ruby. These women willingly accept into their house individuals who have been marginalized by the rigid code of behavior in Ruby: adulterers, unmarried pregnant women, alcoholics, and women fighting with their husbands or other authority figures in the community. These women also work collectively to heal the violent traumas of their own lives under the instruction of a former Catholic nun, Consolata, a woman who speaks to multiple deities, reads minds, and raises the dead. The town leaders are outraged by the idea that these women live without men or the Christian God in their lives. …


The use of PI controllers for speed control of induction machine drives is characterised by an overshoot during start up with a poor load disturbance rejection. To overcome this problem we propose the use of an original variable gain PI (VGPI) speed controller. Each gain value of the proposed controller vary along an appropriate polynomial curve from a start up setting that permits overshoot elimination, to a permanent mode setting that permits a rapid load disturbance rejection. In this paper a VGPI speed controller is designed to replace the classical PI controller in a modified scalar mode controlled induction motor drive. First the simulated performances of the two controllers are compared using Simulink/Matlab software, then a practical implementation is performed in order to validate the simulation results. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the VGPI controller maintains the PI controller properties in permanent region with the advantage of overshoot elimination in the transient mode.


This paper describes the Network Vehicle, designed to communicate efficiently both on and off the vehicle. It looks at how its architecture provides physical and software separation between the vehicle control and the multimedia networks. Issues relating to information security and integrity are addressed from two aspects. They include the security of the car-to-infrastructure channels, and the intra-car network integrity.


Every twenty years that pass, mean a new generation in the history of mankind. That is exactly the period that has passed sine the events of 1980s...


The invention relates to a method and device (1) for controlling an internal combustion engine at a start, with a detection means (420) detects that the operating parameters of the internal combustion engine, said calculation means (410) taking into account the detected operating parameters before the start of the internal combustion engine, a start strategy defines and specifies the calculation means (410) in response to the predetermined start strategy control quantity for controlling an engine run-up, and control means (430) monitors the motor run and the control means (430), the control quantities, adjusts accordingly in an angle deviating from the start strategy engine startup.


The primary objective of the survey was to quantify the relative risk faced by poor people as they save in the formal semi-formal and informal sectors. More specifically the following questions were addressed: What formal semi-formal and informal savings systems/services do the poor use if any? How much money have the poor saved in various systems in the past one-year? How much money have they lost within the one-year period in the various systems? (excerpt)


The Xolapa Complex (XC) is the largest plutonic and metamorphic mid‐crustal basement unit in Mexico and represents an ancient continental magmatic‐arc. A complete range from metatexite to diatexite migmatitic structures has been produced during a single high‐grade metamorphic event. However, structural relics reveal the existence of early Cpx + Pl + Qtz ± Opx and Grt + Opx + Pl + Qtz ± Cpx pre‐migmatitic metamorphic assemblages. Field relationships and microstructural observations allow us to constrain five pre‐, syn‐ and post‐migmatitic deformational phases. It is argued that migmatitic structures and minor anatectic granites were developed during ductile recumbent folding and shear structures related to the D2–D3 phases. Late post‐migmatitic ductile‐brittle deformation is evidenced by the development of NNE trending transpressional thrusting (D4), and E–W left‐lateral mylonitic shear zones (D5). Biotite‐breakdown melting in felsic rocks and amphibole‐breakdown melting in mafic rocks, as well as geothermobarometric results, indicate that metamorphism took place at temperatures from 830 to 900 °C and pressures ranging from ≥6.3 to 9.5 kbar. Late migmatitic assemblages equilibrated in the highest temperature range along a clockwise P–T path. The relationships between the large diversity of migmatitic structures and the progressive production of melt suggest that feedback relations prevailed as a time‐marker during a contractional regime. Deformation, metamorphism, and plutonism of the XC show that this terrane evolved as a north‐east‐verging thrust system with synkinematic metamorphism and partial melting, during the Late Cretaceous – Palaeogene. The tectonothermal history of XC is analogous to a Cordilleran metamorphic magmatic‐arc formed in an accretionary tectonic framework. This new model provides constraints on the exhumation mechanism and thermal evolution of southern Mexico.


A field experiment was conducted at Water Technology Centre, College farm, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad with sunflower (variety DRSH-1) during rabi 2017-18 in a randomized block design with three replications and the treatments were nine with combinations of N (75 kg ha-1) and K (30 kg ha-1) fertilizers applied by fertigation through ventury at different intervals viz., 3 days and 4 days. Drip irrigation was scheduled once in 2 days at 0.8 E pan. Fertigation was imposed at 16 DAS to 88 DAS and completed in 19 and 10 splits in 4 and 8 days interval respectively. The source of N and K fertilizers was urea and potassium sulphate respectively. The soil was sandy clay loam in texture, alkaline in reaction, non saline, low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and potassium. The amount of total irrigation water applied was 3188 m3 and 4666 m3 in drip irrigation and furrow irrigation treatments, respectively. The N and K fertigation (75-30 kg N-K2O ha-1) at 4 days interval has recorded relatively higher plant growth parameters like number of leaves plant-1 (25.5),  plant height (208 cm),  SPAD Chlorophyll Meter Reading (55.7), leaf area index (3.5) and dry matter (158.1 g m-2) which were on par with N and K at 8 days interval.
Higher N-FUE (12.8 kg seed yield / nutrient applied) and K-FUE (25.6 kg seed yield / kg nutrient applied) was recorded in application of N+K at 4 days interval.


Jingui Yaolue is exclusive book of ZHANG Zhong-jing talking about miscellaneous diseases,the concept of wholism is it's guiding idea and the theory of Zang Fu and meridian is it's theoretical basis,it had material discussion about a series of pathologic changes by mean of"before and after" result in the imbalance of dynamic equilibrium of Zang Fu and meridian inside and outside of the human body.ZHANG Zhong-jing choice"before and after" had profound meaning,it not only has time concept and consequent succession,but also has regular rule,as well as principal aspect and minor details.I try to discuss the main meaning by mean of"before and after" in the text of Zang Fu and meridian change successively.


Although a great deal of attention has been paid to IMF conditionality and to the effects of IMF programmes, relatively little attention has been paid to their completion rate. However, the record is that the clear majority of Fund programmes are uncompleted. Is this a cause for concern and why is it that the completion rate is low? In principle, a number of factors could be at work. Gaining a better understanding of what these are should allow policy reform at the IMF to improve performance. While there are things that we do not know and need to know about programme completion, we know enough to delineate the broad direction that policy should take.


Firm network is an inter-organization form,which differs from market and firm.The appearance of firm network is focused on by people increasingly.The characters of the rirm network are,in fact,the cooperation of member firms in un-integration,the borderline of organization is more relaxant than firm,but more tight than market,which are problems worth discussing further.


twenty-nine Labour members of Parliament. This seems unlikely, in view of the fact that these members of Parliament had been elected by arrangement with the Liberal whips and with local Liberal support. What is more plausible is that the by-elections of 1907, which as Dr Gilbert argues may have strengthened Asquith's determination over Old Age Pensions, also acted as a crystallizing force for the plans of Lloyd George and Churchill. There is a certain irony in this. The Jarrow election turned upon purely local factors: and both there and at the Colne Valley the seat reverted to Liberalism in the general elections of 1910. Politicians frequently overestimate the significance of by-elections; and the fact is that the working-class electorate never in this period made a clear demonstration of enthusiasm for any social legislation which was in prospect. The National Committee of Organized Labour on Old Age Pensions was more a 'front' organization for Booth and the Cadbury family—who provided most of its expenses—than a genuine working-class body. The contribution of the Labour party itself to the debate on social reform was almost entirely negative. Dr Gilbert quotes with approval Sidney Webb's remark that political democracy would inevitably lead to collectivism; but the evidence of his book does not bear this out. On the contrary, we find that as in the nineteenth century social reform was the result of administrative necessity, rising professional standards and middle-class humanitarianism (sometimes but not always altruistic), much more than of any pressures from below.


In many areas of science huge networks (graphs) are central objects of study: the internet, the brain, various social networks, VLSI, statistical physics. To study these graphs, new paradigms are needed: What are meaningful questions to ask? When are two huge graphs "similar"? How to "scale down" these graphs without changing their fundamental structure and algorithmic properties? How to generate random examples with the desired properties? A reasonably complete answer can be given in the case when the huge graphs are dense (in the more difficult case of sparse graphs there are only partial results).


Background: Research identified that parents & teachers lack knowledge & confidence when providing postural care to a child with a physical disability (Hutton & Coxon 2011). This can act as a barrier to the successful implementation of therapy & affect a child's function & well being. To address this problem an intervention for parents & teachers has been developed.

Aim: The aim is to determine whether this intervention improves parents' & teachers' knowledge & confidence.

Method: The intervention is designed for teachers & parents of mainstream primary school children with a physical disabilityand will be delivered by therapists across the South East of England. Participants will be identified by their local therapists & recruited to the intervention. A within-subject design, with the outcome measure completed at baseline & at follow-up, will be employed.

Results: Data collection will be completed in May 2013. Analysis of this data will determine whether the intervention has improved parents' & teachers' knowledge & confidence.

Impact: There has been an on-going partnership between the researchers and service users throughout. A parent is a co‑applicant & other parents & teachers have been involved in the design & development of the intervention.

Implications: This intervention will promote knowledge sharing& closer working between parents, therapists & teachers – leading to improved outcomes for the child. South East Coast
REC (11/LO/0653). All participants will be recruited after providing informed consent. Participation is voluntary & can be withdrawn at any time. All data will be anonymous & only broad trends will be reported. Data will be securely stored as required by the Data Protection Act 1998.

References
Hutton, E., Coxon, K. (2011) 'Posture for learning' – meeting the postural care needs of children with physical disabilities inmainstream primary schools in England – a research into practice exploratory study. Disability & Rehabilitation, 33 (19–20), pp.1012–1924.


Pumping of concrete is one of the most applied construction methods, due to its easiness of application and the high construction rate. For ordinary vibrated concrete (OVC), a set of theoretical and practical studies has been performed and provides guidelines to improve the concrete pumping performance. With the introduction of Self-Consolidating Concrete (SCC) on the market, the pumping process did not change, but can the same rules for OVC be applied on SCC? This paper compares the results of full-scale pumping tests on SCC with literature results for OVC. It is shown that the velocity profiles are different for OVC and SCC, as SCC is also sheared in the pipes. Bends cause additional pressure losses which appear to be higher in case of SCC, but no final conclusion can be drawn due to the large scatter on the results. The air content increases and the air bubbles size decreases in case of SCC, which is completely opposite compared to OVC. The physical causes, pressure and shearing, causing this difference are explained and their consequences on the rheological properties of SCC are demonstrated.


A control system configured to position a control location of a movable object in two or more degrees of freedom with respect to another object, including a set-point generator, a position quantity measurement system, a controller including a single input-single output controller for each degree of freedom to control a position quantity of the control location, each controller providing a control signal in logical coordinates on the basis of the error signal; and a gain scheduling device to provide centre-of-gravity control signals in centre-of gravity coordinates on the basis of the control signals, wherein the gain scheduling device includes a static and a dynamic relationship between logical coordinates and centre-of-gravity coordinates of the movable object.


Hydroxyalkyl amidine (HAM) derivatives react with CO2 in a quantitative manner under dry conditions near room temperature, and then release it at a moderate temperature of approximately 60 °C. In the present study, HAM compounds were impregnated into porous silica particles to obtain solid CO2 sorbents. This process produced a large surface area for reaction between CO2 and the absorbents for enhanced CO2 capture efficiency. Several types of mesoporous silicas that differed in pore size, pore volume, and particle size and shape were investigated in order to identify the optimum processing parameters for preparation of hybrid materials with the best possible CO2 capture performance. The amount of HAMs loaded into the silica was optimized so as to retain the open porous structure for efficient transport of gas molecules, while providing a large surface area of reactive material. We have demonstrated that HAM-loaded silica could be used as an effective CO2 filter for dilute gas mixtures such as air.


Monkeypox is an uncommon pox infection that has resurfaced, most likely due to zoonosis [1]. Monkeypox has spread in mul-tiple European countries, posing a serious public health threat [2]. The possibility of human-to-human transfer is being re-searched. The medical community is concerned as the number of reported cases in various nations rises


Life and Background. Introduction to the Novel. A Historical Introduction to the Bombing of Dresden. A Brief Synopsis. List of Characters. Chronology of the Events in Slaughterhouse-Five. Critical Commentaries. Critical Essays. Review Questions and Essay Topics. Vonnegut's Published Works. Selected Bibliography.


The highly antigenic major structural protein P72 of ASF virus was used as detecting antigen in indirect enzyme linked im- munosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect anti-ASFV serum. The protein P72 was expressed in sf insect cells by baculovirus (Bacp72). In SDSPAGE the molecular weight was about 72kDa. The recombinant proteins expressed in sf cells showed distinct antigenic properties when analysed by ELISA.The best ELISA react system were decided. The best coating buffer was 1% PGT. The best serum dillution buffer was 4% PEG 6000/ PBS, the best washing buffer was 0.5M NaCl/0.5% Tween - 70/ PBS. The ELISA method has higher specificity and sensitivity than Dot - ELISA and immunoelectroosmophoresis (IEOP). There were no positive serum in the 153 swine serums from different areas detected by ELISA. The indirect ELISA was quick.sensitive.specific and noninfectious.


Nigerians did not readily accept family planning when Family Health Services (FHS) began in 1988. FHS has made much headway in training, IEC (information, education, and communication), and constituency building and advocacy. Its staff have identified obstacles to implementation, especially program sustainability and management structure. Key limits to sustainability of IEC efforts were inadequately trained personnel and inability of trained personnel to apply what they learned at work stations. The Federal Ministry and Social Services' role in the FHS project was not clearly defined. Some private sector factors contributing to a confused management structure were inadequate method mix, high contraceptive cost, poor monitoring of quality of care, and no coordination of family planning training with the public factor. FHS has since decided to focus its efforts on increasing the demand for and availability of modern contraceptives and improving the quality of family planning services of both the public and private sectors. FHS hopes that accomplishing these activities will reduce fertility, morbidity, and mortality. Strategic plans include a regional focus, quality of care, a variety of methods offered, intensification, hospital and clinics, a management information system, contraceptive logistics, distribution regulations, and addressing social, cultural, and behavioral factors. To effectively implement the strategy, USAID and the Federal Ministry held a workshop in 1993 to effect full integration of Nigerian experience in the 2nd phase of the project (FHS II). Participants reviewed the strengths and weaknesses of the first phase and agreed on implementation. For example, nongovernmental organizations should implement FHS II. FHS II includes training, IEC, and commodities/logistics.


DA upper layer control module, the first driver module, AD, AD driver module, and a second, upper layer control module AD, DA bottom drive module, sending the asynchronous serial communication interfaces: one kind of FPGA Verilog HDL ultra high speed industrial control systems, including those based on , receiving asynchronous serial interfaces, a communication controller communication control module receiving a command word, the information transmission control module controller, switching module logic control output DO, the PID algorithm module, the PLL phase locked loop module, the sine value Rom memory, a first AD Ram value conversion module, the second module Ram AD conversion value, actual output value of the analog module Ram DA, analog PID control loop parameters Ram module, the analog output of the DA module Ram manually set value, AI analogue setpoint module Ram waveform parameter module Ram. Control cycle Ts of the present invention may be set according to demand very small, it can be used for ultra high-speed control applications.


The event of February 16, 1984 is one of the two largest ground increases of solar cosmic rays (CR) in the last two cycles of solar activity. This event happended at a decrease of the 21-st cycle against a quiet background. Although at the beginning of 1984 the observed indices of solar activity were higher than those at the end of 1983, the day of February 16 16 may be characterized as very quiet. On that day the geomagnetic perturbance (Sigma F sub p = 14, A sub p = 7) was the lowest in February. After a small Forbush decrease due to the magnetic storm of February 12-13, the CR intensity almost completely recovered by February 16. Thus, the solar particles that came to the Earth on February 16 got into a practically unperturbed magnetosphere, and the variations of secondary CR induced by these particles were not superimposed on any other substantial variations of extraterrestrial or magnetospheric origin.


Mirror neurons have congruent sensory and motor functions, if not other endogenous functions. Shortly after the discovery of these neurons, Alvin Goldman argued that mirror neurons are simulators, and he has used the mirror neuron literature to support a simulation theory for how we understand the minds of other people. This use of the mirror neuron literature, however, is premature at best and confused at worst because even if it were established that mirror neurons were simulators, that would not necessarily vindicate the simulation theory of mindreading and the simulation interpretation of mirror neuron activity itself overreaches the evidence.


Micro-fluidized beds offer a relatively simple means of substantially enhancing mixing and mass transfer in microfluidics. A micro-fluidized bed requires the formation of a 'distributor' within a micro-channel that supports the bed particles whilst enabling the delivery of liquid from a particle-free reservoir in a uniform and smooth way. The distributor must also provide a sufficient pressure drop to guarantee that the fluid flow rate is relatively undisturbed by the bed pressure fluctuations. We used computational fluid dynamics to investigate simple weir-based distributor designs that are anticipated to be relatively easy to fabricate using current micro-fabrication techniques. The variation of the pressure drop and the flow uniformity with the characteristics of geometry (weir thickness and height) was investigated.


Interoperability is needed at the time that hospital information system (HIS) data should be combined and shared with different systems. This study was aimed to determine the semantic and technical interoperability of hospital information systems of Iran's health care centers and propose guidelines to create and develop these centers interoperability. This descriptive study was conducted on companies, which were qualified to receive performance appraisal certificate of HIS soft wares from statistics and information technology office of health ministry. Standard questionnaire and checklist were used to collect information in the first and second steps, respectively. List of companies, which provided and produced HIS in Iran, was collected, and then a self-administered questionnaire was sent for them. Next, a health care center was selected from each company through random clustering sampling, and its current HIS interoperability was evaluated. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16. Based on the results from 15 companies, all companies were used Microsoft windows and SQL server database in their HIS with consideration to technical interoperability. Also, the most frequent corporate programming language was Visual C Sharp (46.7%) and Visual Basic (40%), respectively. From semantic interoperability aspect, the most frequent terminology systems were ICD-10(86.7%), ICD-9CM (66.7%), and CPT (66.7%), respectively. For standard messaging, 60%, 46.7% and 33.3% used XML, DICOM, and HL7 in order. Health system interoperability is divided into two semantic and technical groups. Now, there is not any standard for electronic health record (EHR) to provide full interoperability. HIS templates should be provided in order to make a national standard for EHR. Therefore, it is necessary to have standard template for semantic and technical interoperability in EHR national exchanges. (Mehraban Shahi, Farahnaz Sadoughi, Nasrin Davaridolatabadi, Kamal Ebrahimi, HIS interoperability among health care centers: Case of Iran.. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):741-744) (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 116


The general ammunition is an important part of railway military transportation,this text analyzed the key factors that constraints the safety of rail transport of general ammunition in the present stage,put forward the specific measures to improve the safety condition of railway transportation of general ammunition,have certain instruction meaning for our army to carry out military rail transport of dangerous goods in the future.


Receiver sensitivity is one of the key specifications and important attribute of any mobile communication receiver. The intension of this research work was to explore and find out different possible options to improve the receiver's sensitivity level. There are several design techniques explored and some new methods are found during this research work for improving the mobile receiver sensitivity level. Some techniques are complex, some are simple, and some are costly, whereas some are cost effective. So, optimizing the communications receiver design is inherently a process of trade-off and compromise. In this research work, all the potential design areas are explored and the corresponding optimum design solutions as well as new techniques are found and recommended.


Rome Laboratory is currently in the process of procuring Error Injector Units (EIU) to model the error behavior of data communications channels. A major component of this effort deals with finding Markov models that will simulate the behavior of these channels. This paper reports on the results of a Summer Faculty Research Fellowship to find Markov tables to load into the EIUs. A portion of the research involved searching current literature for Markov tables or error gap data. Alternative approaches to obtaining the desired Markov tables were also considered. This included substantial effort devoted to the design of a data collection experiment that could be used at Rome Laboratory to produce the needed data. This effort included the design of a microcomputer interface that would permit a microcomputer to monitor a "Fireberd" bit error rate tester and record the error statistics for analysis and conversion to a Markov table.


Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases like hypertension. It is estimated that obesity accounts for approximately 65‐78% of hypertension in adults. Accumulating evidence suggests that increase in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of obesity‐induced hypertension. Previous studies from our lab have shown that obesity induces cellular senescence at the level of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), which is responsible for basal and reflex control of sympathetic activity associated with cardiovascular function. Cellular senescence is a state of permanent, irreversible cell cycle arrest in proliferative cells. Senescent cells acquire senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and secrete proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and proteases. These SASP factors could serve as a potential source of neuroinflammation. Based on the previous studies, our hypothesis is that obesity‐induced senescence in the RVLM contributes to neuroinflammation and increases in SNA leading to the development of hypertension. To address this hypothesis, we eliminated senescent cells using a pharmacological approach (senolytic drug) and investigated its effect on sympathoexcitation and hypertension in obesity. Two‐month‐old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high‐fat diet (HFD; 60% fat) or a chow diet (Controls; 10% fat) for 4‐6 months. After 4‐6 months of feeding, the two groups were again subdivided into two subgroups: Vehicle and a senolytic drug combination of Dasatinib+Quercetin (D+Q). So, the four different groups are Control + Vehicle, Controls + (D+Q), HFD + Vehicle, and HFD + (D+Q). Dasatinib (5 mg/kg) plus Quercetin (50 mg/kg) was prepared in a diluted solution comprising 10% ethanol, 30% polyethylene glycol 400, and 60% Phosal 50 PG. The intervention (Vehicle or D+Q) was performed for 3 consecutive days and for 2 cycles with a 2‐week interval between cycles. Hemodynamic parameters (Blood pressure & Heart rate) and SNA were analyzed by radiotelemetry. As expected, the low frequency/high frequency heart rate variability (LF/HF HRV) ratio which is an indicator of SNA was significantly higher in HFD animals, which was reversed by senolytic drug treatment with D+Q. No changes were observed in the blood pressure. These results suggest that obesity‐induced cellular senescence causes sympathoexcitation which was reversed by the removal of senescent cells using senolytics. Future studies will investigate the mechanistic role of cellular senescence at the level of RVLM in obesity‐induced sympathoexcitation.


This study presents methods for measuring thermal insulation of military clothing assemblies used in various climatic regions of the world, with the exception of polar regions. With the use of FOX 314 and thermal manikin, the thermal insulation of the fabrics (military materials) was ascertained at simulating real climatic conditions of cold, arid, temperate and tropical zones according to European standard EN 60721-2-1: 2014. The aim of this study was to compare the values of thermal insulation of the duty of military clothing ascertained by two methods and to evaluate the reliability of methods and instruments used. The measured results show that the measurement methods used are different in terms of method and measurement conditions, the results of the thermal insulation and the resulting choice of military clothing in the type of climate. The functionality and suitability of the use of military clothing sets were verified in real climatic conditions, provided that the optimal thermal comfort of the wearer was achieved.


The fungal metabolites cyclosporine A and tacrolimus (FK506) are among the most potent immunosuppressive drugs available today (1). As inhibitors of the calcium-dependent serine/threonine phosphatase calcineurin, these drugs inhibit the dephosphorylation of the transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), a process that is essential for the nuclear localization of the cytoplasmic components of the NFAT transcription complex. Currently, five different NFAT family members have been identified: NFAT1 (also known as NFATp/NFATc2), NFAT2 (NFATc1), NFAT3 (NFATc4), NFAT4 (NFATx/NFATc3), and NFAT5 (2). Our collaborator has previously demonstrated a preferential T helper 2 (Th2) differentiation and modulated T-cell receptor responsiveness of naive T cells in mice deficient in NFATc2 and NFATc3 (NFATc2/c3 double deficient [DKO] mice: BALB/c (H-2) background) (3). Moreover, several studies of one or two NFAT family members have attempted to address the role of NFAT in regulation of CD4 Th1/Th2 differentiation (4 – 8). Although NFAT family members play crucial roles in the development and function of the immune system, little work seems to have addressed their direct role in transplantation. In this study, we sought to explore the role of these molecules in both skin and cardiac transplantation models using allografts from BALB.B (H-2) donors. Allograft survival was slightly but significantly prolonged in mice deficient in NFATc2 and NFATc3 (DKO) recipients of skin grafts (18 days vs. 12.5 days, P 0.0001) (Fig. 1b) and in recipients of heart allografts (14 days vs. 8 days, P 0.0004) (Fig. 1a). Our in vitro studies showed that alloantigen proliferative responses are unaffected in DKO recipients by mixed lymphocyte reaction (data not shown). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) showed that interFIGURE 1. Allograft survival in DKO recipients; (a and b) Allograft survival was significantly prolonged in DKO recipients of skin grafts (b) and somewhat less prolonged in recipients of heart allografts (a). Th2 cytokine generation was enhanced by NFATc2/c3 deficiency; (c) production of the Th1 cytokine IFNwas significantly lower in the NFATc2and NFATc3-deficient (DKO) mice. DKO mice enhanced their production of IL-4. Data are representative of three independent experiments using at least n 3 mice per group. Allograft survival in TKO recipients; (d and e) TKO mice rejected both skin (e) and cardiac allografts (d) as promptly as wild-type BALB/c controls. Data from the figure (a and b): allograft survival in control and DKO is also used in the figure (d and e). **P less than 0.001; ***P less than 0.0001. DKO, NFATc2/c3 double-deficient; NFAT, nuclear factor of activated T cells; IL, interleukin; TKO, NFATc2/c3 and IL-4 triple-deficient.


Abstract : During the past 10 years, the Society of Experimental Test Pilots (SETP) has published over 250 new technical papers in its online database. Of these, only four of them less than 2% -- directly address the topic of spin testing. Since it apparently is not a test discipline many of us encounter, it might seem logical to question the importance of remaining knowledgeable of its precepts. A survey of the lessons-learned from the SETP spin papers that are available when compared to the lessons-learned of this project reveals a striking recurrence of themes. Seemingly minor aberrations in the aircraft mold line, for example particularly on or near the nose of the aircraft or wing leading edge have led to the discovery of unpredicted out-of-control behaviors and potentially-dangerous recoverability characteristics. In the face of such uncertainties, selecting an effective build-up approach has proven problematic in some cases. One of the goals of this paper, then, is to refresh understandings that could be needed on a moment s notice. It examines spin behaviors which were previously undocumented and unusual, identifies unexpected hazards, offers techniques to mitigate them, and proposes a new method of assigning spin mode modifiers for highly/violently oscillatory spins. Finally, it is hoped it will serve as a readily-available primer on the topic of spin testing, while helping to banish certain preconceived ideas and attitudes which consistently prove self-critiquing in the flight test profession. On occasion, they even prove fatal.


Abstract This study concerns an innovative project in the Dutch river Waal: the construction of longitudinal dams. By splitting the river into a main and secondary channel, these dams significantly impact the river landscape and the way it is used by different stakeholders. We report the results of a baseline study of the expectations local water-based recreationists (fishermen and boaters) had of the longitudinal dams before they were constructed. In addition, we explore their levels of place attachment, and use the visions of nature approach to elicit their lay philosophy of nature. We found that fishermen were more strongly attached to the area than boaters. Though expectations of the dams were generally negative, this differed significantly between fishermen and boaters, and between different dimensions of landscape change. We demonstrate the relevance of place attachment and visions of nature for understanding how recreationists perceive landscape change.


There are significantly different origins and mineralizations among various lithium-rich brines of the world.As for Clayton Valley,Nevada,the data and interpretations recently presented suggest that the model


Based on simulations with the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere for the 1979–2013 period, driven by the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts ERA‐Interim reanalysis, we analyze the impact of the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) and of Major Stratospheric Warmings (MWs) on the amount of water vapor entering the stratosphere during boreal winter. The amplitude of H2O variation related to the QBO amounts to 0.5 ppmv. The additional effect of MWs reaches its maximum about 2–4 weeks after the central date of the MW and strongly depends on the QBO phase. Whereas during the easterly QBO phase there is a pronounced drying of about 0.3 ppmv about 3 weeks after the MW, the impact of the MW during the westerly QBO phase is smaller (about 0.2 ppmv) and more diffusely spread over time. We suggest that the MW‐associated enhanced dehydration combined with a higher frequency of MWs after the year 2000 may have contributed to the lower stratospheric water vapor after 2000.


It is still necessary to investigate the detection of structural damage under ambient excitations since the excitations are random and unmeasured while measurement noises are inevitable. In this paper, a method based on the synthesis of cross-correlation functions of partial structural responses and the extended Kalman filter (EKF) approach is proposed for the identification and damage detection of structures under ambient excitations, in which both independent stationary and non-stationary white noise excitations in the product models are discussed. First, the equations of cross-correlation functions of structural responses are established when the ambient excitations are independent stationary white noise processes. Then, the EKF approach is utilized to identify structural parameters and cross-correlation functions using partial measurements of structural acceleration responses. Structural damage is detected based on the degradations of the identified structural element stiffness parameters. Finally, the proposed method is extended to deal with independent non-stationary white noise excitations in the product models. The numerical simulation examples of the ASCE structural health monitoring benchmark building subject to ambient excitation, a moment resisting frame model under white noise excitation, and a cantilever beam model under multiple independent non-stationary excitations are used to validate the feasibility of the proposed method. It is shown that the method is not sensitive to measurement noises. Also, a lab experimental study of the identification of a multi-story shear structure is investigated to further illustrate the applicability of the proposed method.


Summary The administration of a high nonlethal dose of propylene glycol (10 ml/kg) was found to affect the carbohydrate metabolism of young rats. There was a marked increase in the blood glucose in 15 min, with the maximum increase in 1 1/2 hr; the overall increase in blood glucose lasted for a period of 6 hr. The amount of liver glycogen in propylene glycol and saline control was the same for 6 hr. A severe depletion in the liver glycogen was noticed 12 hr after propylene glycol treatment. Evidence has been provided that the rats treated with a high dose of propylene glycol have a drastically reduced capacity to synthesize or to store liver glycogen. Some of the possible mechanisms for the inhibitory effects of propylene glycol on synthesis of liver glycogen have been discussed. The present work provides the proof for the metabolic upsets associated with a large dose of propylene glycol used either as such or as a carrier vehicle in a drug study.


During welcome remarks at the Business Innovations for the Future of Work summit, Philadelphia Fed President Patrick T. Harker said that low unemployment and accelerating technological change offer ?the chance of a lifetime? to rethink how we approach workforce development. Harker highlighted cross-sector partnerships that are innovating how businesses invest in workers? skills to create a more inclusive and resilient workforce.


Natural killer (NK) cells are a type of lympho cyte that constitute a major component of the innate immune system [1]. NK cells play an important role in the rejection of tumors and cells infected by viruses through direct or indirect cytolytic mechanisms. The target cells die by apoptosis or necrosis due to the release of two proteins: perforin and granzyme. In this process, proinflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-g, and cytoplasmic granules are also released [2]. In humans, NK cells express killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) on their surface, which specifically recognize the HLA Class I antigens of the major histo compatibility complex present on target cells. The effector functions of NK cells are influenced by inhibitory receptors for self-HLA Class I ligands HLA-A, -B and -C, with HLA-C and Bw4 being the predominant ligands for most KIR receptors [3]. The dimorphism in amino acids present in the a 1 helix of the HLA-C molecules is characterized by Ser77/Asn80 and Asn77/Lys80 that define distinct allotypes of HLA-C (C1 and C2, respectively). The alleles encoding the C1 epitope include HLA-C*01, *03, *07 and *08, which interact with the KIR receptors 2DL2/3 and 2DS2. The alleles encoding the C2 epitope include HLA-C*02, *04, *05 and *06, which interact with the 2DL1 and 2DS1 receptors [4,5]. The KIRs 3DL1 and 3DS1 interact with HLA-Bw4, and KIR 3DL2 recognizes HLA-A3 and -A11 [6]. Several studies have pointed out that hepatitis C virus (HCV) persistence might be associated with a defective NK cell response [7–10] and that therapy with IFN would re-establish NK cell activity [11]. In the last few years, several studies highlighting the possible role of KIR receptors and ligands in persistence of HCV infection have been published in the scientific literature [12–14]. In a study that appeared in Science in 2004, Khakoo et al. demonstrated that KIR2DL3 and homozygosity for its ligand C1 are associated with resolving HCV infection in patients with a low viral load [12]. In another paper, the same group postulated that different genotypes confer either susceptibility or resistance to infectious diseases [13]. Lopez Vazquez et al. identified a protective effect of HLA-Bw4I80 receptor 3DS1 against the development of hepatocellular carcinoma [14]. Paladino et al. have shown that NK receptors are associated with the elimination of HCV. In particular, they found that the frequency of the KIR2DL3 gene was significantly higher in HCV RNA-positive patients with serum transaminase levels above the normal limit [15]. In addition, they found that lower KIR2DL2 and 2DS2 frequencies were associated with increased frequencies of KIR2DS5 in subjects who cleared the virus. In contrast to the studies described previously, Rauch et al. did not find any implication of KIR genes in resolving HCV infection. However, these results might be biased owing to a low sample size and/or the lack of information on patient viral load [16]. Alejandro Espadas de Arias Researcher, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Organ and Tissue Transplantation Immunology, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena – Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy firstname.lastname@example.com


To be a successful technical writer today, you must understand the technical and business aspects of the work you do and how it affects the organizations that pay for that work. Richard Hamilton's book, Managing Writers: A Real World Guide to Managing Technical Documentation, covers all of the bases you need to touch. Hamilton provides information that both managers and writers need to know about managing people, projects, and technology.


Loop flow technology has been widely studied and used in the fields of bioengineering,wastewater treatment,organic chemical,direct coal liquefaction,etc.,but existing research mostly focuses on gas-liquid,liquid-solid and gas-liquid-solid system.In the recent years,not only the research of loop flow technology has developed to gas-solid system,but also the application has entered to the field of petroleum processing.This paper mainly summarizes the processes in research and industry application of gas-solid loop flow technology in rough cyclone separation,stripper,heat exchanger,olefin reduction reactor,combustor for petroleum coke and so on of FCCU.Furthermore,the studies and applications of gas-liquid loop flow technology in heavy oil suspending bed hydrogenation and gas-liquid-solid loop flow technology in separating hydrogen from refinery gas by hydration are reviewed.


The discovery of dual inhibitors of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL is described. Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 act through protein–protein interactions with other members of the Bcl family, creating specific obstacles deriving from the nature of these targets – high protein binding, hydrophobicity, and low oral bioavailability. Access to soluble, stable versions of the target proteins allowed structural biology support that was crucial to this effort. Solving this problem with respect to Bcl-xL, and later Bcl-2, followed by parallel assay development allowed understanding of similarities and differences in the two target proteins. Fragment screening was used to navigate the early stage of the project, while structure-based drug design was employed throughout. Early compounds were somewhat Bcl-xL selective, while later compounds much more potent against both targets, particularly Bcl-2, leading to robust potentiation of standard chemotherapeutics and single agent activity in a variety of hematological cancers. ABT-737, a large, hydrophobic compound, was initially selected as a development candidate. Later, efforts to derive an orally bioavailable compound from the same chemical series culminated in the discovery of ABT-263, a rationally designed Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitor, which is currently in phase II clinical trials for cancer.


Internal resonance of cracked rotors is investigated using 2-degree-of-freedom rotor systems. Phenomena at the major critical speed and other subcritical speeds in the precritical speed range are discussed theoretically and experimentally. Phenomena in a lateral oscillation model with internal resonance and in an inclination oscillation model with no internal resonance are compared. In the former model, the two critical speeds of forward and backward whirling modes coincide. The following is clarified. (a) The vibration of the synchronous backward whirling mode changes from a steady-state oscillation to an unstable oscillation due to internal resornance. (b) The superharmonic oscillations of 2nd and 3rd order of the backward whirling mode and the super-subharmonic oscillation of 3/2-order of the backward whirling mode occur due to internal resornance.


The distributed surface acoustic wave (SAW) strain sensing system based on FPGA was presented in this paper. Equal strength beam SAW strain sensor was adopted. Through special device sealing, it not only protected the surface electrode but also did not influence the sensitivity of the sensor. Equal precision frequency meter based on FPGA realized the frequency measurement of measuring signal. Equal precision frequency meter had high measuring precision. It can keep constant measuring precision during the whole frequency domain. Measuring frequency ranged from 0.1 to 100MHz. Relative error was 1 ppm.


Twenty eight clones of Alnus cremastogyne were studied on the main characteristics of leaf tissue and on their abilities in water loss controlling.The results show that the leaf of Alnus cremastogyne is typical of bifacial leaf,the structural parameters of leaf among clones are very significant difference(P0.01),of which the cuticle thickness varies most and the stoma density takes the second place,but cell tense ratio and spongy ratio and vein protuberant degree are comparatively stable.The cuticle thickness,ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue,cell tense ratio and spongy ratio and stoma length were selected to make a comprehensive evaluation of the clones by subordinate function values analysis,and the order of their drought resistance was approximately given,in which H05,K22,K17,H13 and H03 rank firstly in the drought resistance ability,H04,K12,K13 and K10 secondly,H09,K04,K32,H06,K21,H02,H07,K07,K28 and K02 thirdly,K24,K27,K25,K20,K05,K26,K15,K16 and H08 last.


The paper considers the concept of negative therapeutic reaction (NTR) which is particularly important in the history and development of psychoanalysis; it is a clinical phenomenon used by Freud to show the work of the subconscious sense of guilt and denote the existence of the superego. In his clinical and theoretical work, Freud gives an interpretation of NTR, the etiology and origin of this pleasure in suffering which is the result of resistance from the superego. He considers it to deal in particular with feelings of guilt, primary masochism and the work of death instincts. Abundant literature is considered and followed by an attempt to more closely define NTR from the dynamic, structural and economic viewpoint. An examination is made of the technical procedures that enable NTR to be worked through, including the contributions of the British psychoanalytical school which links the phenomenon of NTR with schizoparanoid and depressive states, the role of narcissistic, omnipotent object relations and attacks from the primitive superego. The author examines the NTR connection with transference, interpretation, sorrow and melancholy, as well as the meaning of various traumatic experiences that characteristically rekindle NTR.


The article discusses the concept and characteristics of the network service based on the"PUSH"model,describes the functional mechanisms of the"PUSH"model and introduces the present situations of the application of PUSH technology.


Because of the succinct calculationand the wonderful holistic lubricity,Cubic Spline interpolation was widely apply to engineering technology.The article analyse the necessity of applying the method of cubic spline interpolation to local modification of the foot orthosis.It also discuss how to create a smooth curve which passes a serial of present point.by means of cubic polynomial spline interpolation in detail.


This paper presents the Physual Designing Network (Physual.net), and addresses common connectivity problem in heterogeneous, asymmetrical teams, where the different contributors have differentiated access to collaborative resources. This has been accomplished through the development of flexible collaborative systems that support asymmetrical collaborative situations as well as symmetrical ones, for instance interaction between teams operating in a collaborative arena and one or more individuals using desktop-based systems. The Physual Designing Network provides a set of tools that increase the flexibility and level of interactivity, as well as increasing the feeling of presence, trust and control in complex, dispersed teams. The Physual Designing Network has been tested extensively with up to four locations engaged simultaneously, and a variety of symmetrical and asymmetrical collaborative situations are supported.


Abstract Ecotourism and Certification, edited by Martha Honey. 2002. Washington, DC: Island Press. 407 pages. Softback. $27.50. ISBN 1-55963-951-2. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: Theory and Practice, edited by Dennis J. Paustenbach. 2002. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 1,556 pages. Hardcover. $150.00. ISBN 0-471-14747-8. The Social Risks of Agriculture: Americans Speak Out on Food, Farming, and the Environment, edited by Ronald C. Wimberly, Craig K. Harris, Joseph J. Molnar, and Terry J. Tomazic. 2002. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. 163 pages. Cloth. $64.95. ISBN 0-275-97765-X. Coastal Dune Management: Shared Experiences of European Conservation Practice, edited by J. A. Houston, S. E. Edmondson, and P. J. Rooney. 2001. Liverpool, UK: Liverpool University Press. 452 pages. Paperback. $35.95. ISBN 0-85323-854-5. Skeptical Environmentalism: The Limits of Philosophy and Science, by Robert Kirkman. 2002. Indianapolis, IN: Indiana University Press. 212 pages. Paperback. $19.95. ISBN 0-253-34037-3.


Abstract Not Available – First paragraph follows:
Tests were conducted during the 1973 and 1974 seasons to evaluate possible beneficial and detrimental effects of AT on postharvest handling of the cherry fruit. Included in these postharvest evaluations were effects of the AT spray on water loss from the fruit, subsequent fruit shrivel and stem browning, changes in respiratory pattern of the fruit, appearance, and any unusual deterioration pattern.


In the early stages of the idea creation process, individuals often turn to other members within the organization to help them select which ideas merit further development. Critical to this decisio...