Objective To observe the effects of hIL-10-MSCs on heterologous T cell prolifera-tion. Methods hlL-10 was cloned by RT-PCR and then hIL-10/pLOX-cwGFPs was construct. The lentivirus was transfected into cavy MSCs and cell culture supernatant was tested for IL-10 protein by ELISA assay. The effects of hIL-10-MSCs on heterologous T cell proliferation were determined by CCK-8. The effect of peripheral blood mononuclearcell secretion IFN-γ was tested by EIASA. Results hIL-10/pLOX-cwGFP were constructed successfully and hIL-10-MSCs cell culture supernatant of IL-10 protein were increased obviously, hIL-10-MSCs could inhibit heterologous T cell proliferation sig-nificantly(P<0.05) but could not induce T cell proliferation (P<0.05). Adding IL-2 could reverse this inhibition(P<0.05), hIL-10-MSCs cell culture supernatant could inhibit peripheral blood mono-nuclearcell secretion IFN-γ. Conclusion hIL-10-MSCs may play an important role in significant im-munosuppression of heterologous T cell proliferation and suppression of secretion IFN-γ by peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Key words:
Mesenchymal stem cell; IL-10; T-lymphocytes cell; Immune tolerance


In order to perform a fast and accurate neutron-gamma discrimination, we present in this paper a method based on supervised and unsupervised machine learning that is composed of the following steps. Firstly, we apply nonnegative parallel factor analysis to recover the original sources from mixed signals recorded at the output of a stilbene scintillator detector (45×45 mm). Secondly, spectral analysis based on the continuous wavelet transform is used to characterize these recovered original sources. Thirdly, the resulting time-scale representations are considered as images that are processed using the Otsu segmentation method in order to get the binary images and thus extract attributes of interest of neutrons and gamma-rays signals from its background. Finally, we used principal component analysis to select the most significant of these attributes that are used as inputs of a support vector machines (SVM) to discriminate and classify the neutrons from gamma-rays. To evaluate the performance of the SVM model, bias-variance analysis is used. The results show that the proposed method can achieve an operational SVM prediction model for neutron-gamma classification with a high true positive rate.


A methodology is presented for estimating the bandwidth of the low-pass filter (LPF) used in the LPF assisted digital back propagation algorithm for mitigating the effects of intra-channel fiber nonlinearities. The usefulness of the methodology is demonstrated for an experimental 112 Gb/s dual-polarization 16-QAM system.


Objective: The 2000 Census in China registered 55 groups of Indigenous population, including 104.49 million people, making up 8.1% of China's total population. Yunnan Province, located in Southwest China, is the only province where all 55 Indigenous nationalities are represented (14.15 million), making up 33.4% of Yunnan's total population. This study aimed to examine trends in infant and child mortality and life expectancy at birth of the 22 largest Indigenous nationalities and compared these trends with those of the majority Han Chinese in Yunnan and China as a whole.


Submitted for the MAR09 Meeting of The American Physical Society Cell refinement and growing misorientations from a continuum dislocation density theory YONG CHEN, WOOSONG CHOI, STEFANOS PAPANIKOLAOU, JAMES P. SETHNA, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, SURACHATE LIMKUMNERD, Physics Department, Chulalongkorn University, Bankok, Thailand — At low temperatures, climb-free plastic deformation of crystals usually leads to the formation of cellular dislocation structures. Some experiments show fractal distributions of cell sizes; others show a single (non-fractal) characteristic cell size, but a scaling behavior of lengths and misorientations with external strain as the cellular structure refines. By adding an external growing stress field to a refined variant of our recently proposed wallforming continuum dislocation dynamics theory 1, we explore the formation and evolution of these cellular structures. We shall search both for the emergence of fractal geometries (in suitable experimental geometries) and for the emergence of scaling behaviors of misorientation angles and cell size distributions. 1S. Limkumnerd and J. P. Sethna, Phys. Rev. Letters 96, 095503 (2006) Yong Chen Cornell University Date submitted: 21 Nov 2008 Electronic form version 1.4


The overall objective of our research is to: Identify the extent to which accounting serves as a mechanism for reducing the asymmetry of information and assists in implementing good corporate governance in companies of our country. The theoretical framework of accounting, it lacks a static structure, and is influenced by other disciplines, as reflected in the impact over the past thirty years has received. The importance of corporate governance became dramatically clear in 2002 that occurred due to a series of corporate mergers, fraud, other catastrophes that led to the destruction of billions of dollars of shareholder wealth, loss of thousands of jobs work, criminal investigations of dozens of executives and record bankruptcies. Our research concludes by recommendations, from the accounting point of view, may be implemented in businesses to achieve good corporate governance.


ABSTRACT Social media websites have become a powerful communication tool, where an individual can communicate with one person or millions of people at once. As a consequence, individuals are utilizing social media to report newsworthy events, as well as to post opinions, which may include posting negative information about another person or entity that can be harmful to such person's or entity's reputation (i.e., defamation), a phenomenon that is new to the legal system. This article reviews the legal precedent in the United States that addresses the legal impact of a defamatory statement sent through a social media website such as Twitter. Although the law in the United States is evolving, precedent indicates that the website's nature is generally less important than the nature of the communication. However, the law is not settled for cases in which a private tweet is released into the public domain unintentionally or by an accidental cause, such as a software defect.


Body dissatisfaction and problematic eating behaviors are common among emerging adults in college, especially in the Westernized world, suggesting a need for a better understanding of predictors and potential buffers of such negative outcomes. Also, findings from the relative impact of emotion regulation abilities on body image and eating behaviors have been mixed. Thus, the present study investigated the interplay among negative body image cognitions (e.g., thoughts and feelings of dissatisfaction) and maladaptive eating/dieting behaviors, global stress, perceived social support, and two types of emotion regulation abilities (amplification and reduction) in a sample of 95 emerging adults (mean age 18.9-years). Results indicated that negative body image cognitions and maladaptive eating behaviors correlated significantly with perceived ability to regulate negative affect by reducing emotions, but not with emotion regulation amplification abilities. Also, perceived global stress correlated significantly with


This paper describes the use of an on-line system to do word-sense ambiguity resolution and content analysis of English text paragraphs, using a system of semantic analysis programmed in Q32 LISP 1.5. The system of semantic analysis comprised dictionary codings for the text words, coded forms of permitted message, and rules producing message forms in combination on the basis of a criterion of semantic closeness. All these can be expressed within a single system of rules of phrase-structure form. In certain circumstances the system is able to enlarge its own dictionary in a real-time mode on the basis of information gained from the actual texts analysed. An interpretation of the system in terms of "meaningfulness" is suggested.


AbstractAeroelastic tailoring of a composite forward-swept wing model is investigated to achieve a minimum structure weight with increasing divergence speed and flutter speed. A novel hybrid pattern search method is proposed to perform the aeroelastic tailoring of the wing structure subject to multiple constraints including static deformation, strength, buckling, and aeroelastic characteristics. In the new hybrid pattern search method, the sensitivity analysis method and the genetic algorithm are combined to enhance the global convergence rate and obtain a global optimal solution, respectively. A global search is performed by using the genetic algorithm to obtain elite individuals as the initial values for further optimizations, and the sensitivity analysis method is applied to improve the optimization efficiency. The comparative study of the optimized results obtained by other existing modern heuristic optimization methods shows that the present method can achieve the lightest structure weight and cost t...


Many breast cancer survivors (BCSs) recover from the negative sequelae of cancer treatment. However, some report persistent and disruptive distress well into disease‐free survivorship. More information is needed on the predictors of distress in this growing population of BCS, including the role of avoidant coping, or attempts to avoid thoughts, feelings, and reminders of cancer, in mediating the relationship between distress and psychological, physical, and social domains of well‐being.


Abstract A fast thermal response numerical (TRN) approach for horizontal ground heat exchanger (HGHE) was developed and verified. The shape equivalence method was used to process the shapes of pipe cross section and elbows, reducing the meshing difficulty and the grid quantity of HGHE. A series of geometric equivalent quantization values were presented. Meanwhile, a semi-analytical equation was derived to reduce the sensitivity of the TRN model to the time step. The simulation results show the calculation speed of the TRN model is 38.98 times that of the Fluent model in the same case. Furthermore, long-term operations of HGHE were simulated, revealing that the soil around HGHE has good heat recovery capacity.


Background: Certain neonatal measurements are potential tools for
evaluating the status of the newborn. The neonatal anthropometrics
measurements and other assessment indices are therefore religiously
performedby the attending midwife and entered into the labour room
register. Method: This was a retrospective analysis of the infants
delivered between January 2004 and December 2005 in the Jos University
Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Results: There were 4,266 deliveries during
the study period. The mean age and parity of the mothers were 28.7
± 5.8 and 3.0 ± 1.9 respectively. The mean gestational age of
the infants at birth was 38.3 ± 2.8 weeks and the mean Apgar
scores for the first and fifth minutes were 7.4 ± 1.7 and 8.5
± 1.5 respectively. The mean birth weight of the babies was 3.1
± 0.8 kg. The mean birth length and head circumference of the
newborns were 47.2 ± 5.0 cm and 33.8 ± 2.9 cm respectively.
The mean umbilical cord length was 52.9 ± 7.3 cm and the mean
placental weight was 560 ± 118 grams. There were more male infants
(53.1%) compared with female infants (46.9%) during the period of
study. Twin infants contributed 3.8% of the deliveries in the study.
Conclusion: Anthropometric and other assessments indices of the newborn
infants at birth in Jos, Nigeria are similar to those in other parts of
the country and the world.


Competency-based education is becoming increasingly adopted by higher education institutions all over the world. This paper presents a framework that assists instructors in this pedagogical paradigm and its corresponding open-source implementation. The framework supports the formal definition of competency assessment models and the students' evaluation under these models. It also provides distinct learning analytics for identifying course shortcomings and validating corrective actions instructors have introduced in a course. Finally, this paper reports the benefits of applying our framework to an engineering course at the Pontifical Catholic University, Valparaíso, Chile for three years.


Description of project: This project uses embedded instrumentation and control (I&C) technologies to demonstrate potential performance gains of nuclear power plant components in extreme environments. Extreme environments include high temperature, radiation, high pressure, high vibration, and high EMI conditions. For extreme environments, performance gains arise from moment-to-moment sensing of local variables and immediate application of local feedback control. Planning for embedding I&C during early system design phases contrasts with the traditional, serial design approach that incorporates minimal I&C after mechanical and electrical design is complete. The demonstration application involves the development and control of a novel, proof-ofconcept motor/pump design. The motor and pump combination operate within the fluid environment, eliminating the need for rotating seals. Actively controlled magnetic bearings also replace failure-prone mechanical contact bearings that typically suspend rotating components. Such as design has the potential to significantly enhance the reliability and life of the pumping system and would not be possible without embedded I&C.


【Objective】A feasible mechanism for randomly mixed way of rare tree multi- species in southern China was explored to provide preliminary theoretical references for creating excellent managing modes for rare tree multi-species in Guangxi. 【Method】By adopting the combination of sample plot survey and indoor analysis method,the undergrowth litter reserves,nutrient and water-holding capacity of 6-year mixed forest of multi species, Erythrophloeum fordii and Tectona grandis mixed forest, Erythrophloeum fordii pure forest and Dalbergia odorifera pure forest were studied.【Result】The results indicated that litter standing crop was Erythrophloeum fordii and Tectona grandis mixed forest(4550.4 kg/ha) mixed forest of multi species(3984.9 kg/ha) Dalbergia odorifera(2198.1 kg/ha)and Erythrophloeum fordii(1862.4 kg/ha)pure forest. C/N of mixed forest of multi-species was 20.98∶1,meanwhile the proportion of F layer was 49.34%. Moreover the total nutrient of NPK(66.67 kg/ha)was higher than any other stand. Index of natural moisture content(capacity),maximum water holding rate(capacity)and modified interception of litter all showed that mixed forest of multi-species was the highest. 【Conclusion 】Litter standing crop of 6-year-old mixed forest of rare tree multispecies has no obvious advantages,however the nutrient decomposition rate is faster. Total nutrient return and water-holding capacity of litter shows that mixed forest of rare tree multi-specie is higher than Erythrophloeum fordii + Tectona grandis mixed forest and pure forests.


With the development of the reform on course education in colleges,how to reform the course education by the guide of the new Philosophy of Education,has become a problem being studied and researched by many teachers in colleges. The author takes the College Physics in Engineering as a example,has done some work about it,and also discussed the necessity of the reform on it,in the end,the author also expressed his advices and suggestions.


As for a study on the coking property of asphalts and pitches, the influence of those additives on the strength of the coke was pursued. Firstly, the caking index, which was measured by means of carbonizing the coke powder mixed with additives, was obtained. Then, two kind of base coals mixed with additives were carbonized using the method of L. C. T.(Laboratory Coking Test).The following results were presented.1) The additives affected the nature of the plastication of base coals such as extending a plastic temperature range, increasing a maximum fluidity and forming the high-molecular thermally stable substances.2) The additives also increased the caking capacity as a result of the accumulation of the liquid phase in the plastic mass.3) Asphalts, particularly increasing a maximum fluidity and probably promoting the formation of high-molecular thermally stable substances, created conditions for better caking of the coals and hence for the production of stronger coke.4) Pitches enriched with highly condensed aromatic hydrocarbons should be used as additives to the poorly caking coal of high coalification for improving the quality of the coke.5) The caking capacity of additives did not always depend on the degree of aromatic condensation. Effects of additives on the strength of the coke were limited by quality of base coals.


A sealing protective device used in electroslag remelting belongs to technical field of the metal electroslag remelting. The structure consists of a flange, a pseudoelectrode, an air valve, a partial oxygen pressure measuring apparatus, a sealing hood, a pedestal and an air inlet valve. The flange is provided with a hole, wherein the hole is provided with the pseudoelectrode. One end of the sealing hood is connected with the flange and the other end is fixed to the pedestal. The flange is provided with the air valve and the partial oxygen pressure measuring apparatus. The side of the pedestal is provided with a feed inlet and an air inlet, wherein the air inlet is provided with the air inlet valve. The sealing hood has retractability and is made of metallic material or fire resistant non-metallic material, the shape of which is defined based on the specific shape of the electrode. The utility model can realize atmosphere protection of the whole slag pool and the electrode, reduce oxidation degree of the electrode in the remelting process, control the increasement of hydrogen, oxygen gas content in the steel and burning loss of the easy oxidation element, thereby greatly improving inner quality of the steel ingot.


Marine environment is an important component of natural environment. It is a basic guarantee to realize the sustainable development of marine economy. The increasing marine environmental pollution causes many bad results. The paper selected the contents of inorganic nitrogen, activated phosphate, oil, mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and copper (Cu) as evaluation indexes. Then it established an evaluation model based on set pair analysis method. Finally it evaluated marine environmental qualities of four offshore waters (Nantong Water, Yancheng Water, Lianyungang Water and Jiangsu Water) from 2005 to 2007. The results show that marine environmental qualities of the four waters are in good status basically. However, there is an obvious trend of deterioration in the three waters except Nantong Water, which must be paid enough attention. Set pair analysis is a good integrated evaluation method for marine environmental quality and has broad application prospects.


Provided is a mask with a nasal cushion, the mask consisting of a filter that filters dust, wherein the edges of the filter are folded back to create flaps that follow the depressions on both sides of the nasal region. A sponge of urethane foam or the like is affixed inside the flaps, thereby improving the fit of the mask by conforming the mask to the contours of the nasal region, resulting in a mask with a nasal cushion that has cushioning properties and strong protective capabilities.


One of the main aims of neuroscience is to understand how the CNS deals with and adapts to external inputs and internal events. The altered molecular and cellular events form a basis for abnormal processing that underlies physiopathological events. Understanding these events can allow translation from bench science to the patient, and a key step in this process is using models of a clinical condition in animals and human volunteers. Pain is an example of an area where this process has reached a high level of sophistication and where the route from the bench to the patient is starting to be mapped out. The article by Iannetti et al. in this issue of PNAS (1) is a wonderful example of how an imaginative and well planned imaging study can build on findings from animals to help explain the complex mechanisms of pain and its modulation in humans.

Pain is defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage." Key to this definition is the recognition that both the perception and experience of pain are multi-factorial. Detection of a noxious stimulus begins with nociceptors that are expressed on primary afferent fibers distributed throughout the body. These afferents, thinly myelinated Aδ fibers and small diameter unmyelinated C fibers, transduce stimulus energy into electrical signals (action potentials) that are conducted along neurones to the spinal cord and brain. There is no dependable relationship between the intensity of the stimulus and the pain that is eventually perceived; instead, the relationship is subject to individual variation and is influenced, at least in part, by the condition of the tissue and the environmental context in which the …


Children are often victims of armed disputes, not only in the case they are trapped in situations of armed conflict but also children are often included directly as child soldiers, therefore children must be given protection to obtain their rights as a child in an armed dispute. Child protection is closely related to Human Rights that have been generally recognized by the international community. International legal instruments and national law have regulated the protection of children's rights. Countries that are involved in armed disputes and do not implement the provisions of humanitarian law in particular the protection of the rights of the child and are considered a war crime. This research is a legal research, which is a process to find the rule of law, legal principles, and legal doctrines in order to answer the legal issues faced with the approach used is the legal approach, which is carried out by examining all laws and regulations relating to the legal issues being addressed. Countries that have not ratified the provisions of Humanitarian law, should be able to ratify the provisions of Humanitarian law regarding the protection of children from being directly involved in armed disputes, and implement them into armed disputes, and implement them into their respective national legislation each country.


Dhaka, a fast-growing metropolis with a population of approximately 21.7 million, is going through rapid social and economic advancement. However, rapid unplanned urbanization has resulted in substantial environmental damage and poses a severe public health risk. The Local Climate Zone (LCZ), a novel concept for urban heat island research and an-alyzing urban morphology, provides a standardized categorization system for the urban environment. This study aims to investigate the LCZ mapping of two densely populated Asian cities: Dhaka, Bangladesh, and Kolkata, India, using two machine learning clustering algorithms, K-means and Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analysis Technique Algorithm (ISODATA). The research primarily focuses on Dhaka, but Kolkata is chosen as a comparative city to deliver a more in-depth analysis because the two cities share similar geographical and environmental characteristics. The study reveals that ISODATA is particularly good at classifying specific urban types, especially distinguishing between open and compact mid-rise.


A perturbation calculation in the ratio of the diameter of the smaller to larger hard sphere shows that the interatomic distance in the large-sphere solid phase coexisting with the fluid phase expands upon addition of a smaller component. Molecular dynamic calculations of the diffusion coefficient show that a diameter ratio no larger than 0.4 can be achieved in a fccub crystal without both components becoming either localized or fluid. Operation of every tetrahedral interstitial site in a bccub lattice by spheres of close to the maximum possible size failed to stabilize the unstable bccub lattice of hard spheres, so that no bccub solid with a diffusing second component could be generated.


As important as it is to understand school culture and climate, it is more important to understand how these factors can be understood and developed to meet academic goals. As seen in the first paper of this series, The Importance of School Culture and Climate, the traditions and norms that schools are built around, as well as the perceptions of those traditions and norms, are critical components that define a school environment. In many ways, aspects of school culture and climate are significant predictors of student performance (e.g., Higgins-D'Alessandro & Sadh, 1998; Hoagwood & Johnson, 2003). When specifically directed, school cultures have the opportunity to provide supportive programming and policies intended to transform schools into environments characterized by high academic expectations and optimal college and career readiness.


In fruit trees and vegetative reproductive plants, viral elimination from mother plants is conducted to produce virus- and viroid-free nursery plants. In citrus, shoot tip culture and semi-micrografting combined with thermotherapy were adopted for viral elimination; however, these methods should be modified for ease or higher efficiency. One solution might be the application of effective antiviral agents. In this study, we tested the efficacy of 4 antiviral agents, ribavirin, foscarnet, zidovudine, and enfuvirtide, against Satsuma dwarf virus (SDV) in Citrus unshiu Marc. 'Ueno-wase' to screen effective agents. The results showed that foscarnet had the highest efficacy against SDV at semi-micrografting combined with thermotherapy, and that the efficacy was significantly different from that of the untreated control. On the other hand, ribavirin, which was thought to be efficient against some citrus viruses, has no significant effect against SDV. There were no harmful effects of foscarnet or ribavirin on re-generation. It was considered that the optimization of treatment method and concentration is required before applying ribavirin as an antiviral agent against SDV. Foscarnet was thought to be highly effective against SDV and was also expected to have high efficacy against other plant viruses. Moreover, our results suggested the possibility that other human antiviral agents that have not been investigated in plants could be effective against plant viruses.


The protection of the key is important due to the vulnerabilities which exist in cloud computing. In this article, algorithms and techniques for protection of the key in cloud computing are proposed. The algorithms to select the number of virtual machines is presented to protect the key. The existing key management algorithm is modified to address the key leakage issue. The novel techniques such as validation of key shares and key share resharing are introduced and analyzed for protection of the key. These techniques make the attackers incompetence to reconstruct the key. Further, for immediate access of protected resources, key reconstruction for key sizes of a cryptographic algorithm is also analyzed.


: As catalogers begin to integrate linked data descriptions into large-scale discovery graphs through RDF editors, interventions such as semi-automated subject description (http://lcsh.annif.info) are extending and supporting their professional expertise. A large corpus of 9.3 million (9,304,455) title and subject pairs from the IvyPlus Platform for Open Data (POD), along with SVDE bibliographic data, were used for training a semi-automated subject indexing tool for use in BIBFRAME linked data editors. Thereafter, catalogers evaluated the automated subject outputs for inclusion in their descriptions of BIBFRAME resources and the general usefulness of semi-automated subject suggestions. This paper presents the findings of a mixed-methods inquiry to better understand catalogers' preferences for incorporating machine learning outputs into their work.


A thesaurus, a gazetteer and a chronology have been integrated in a consolidated ontology on the basis of the Topic Map pattern. The result has been made accessible to a working information community of 89 environmental authorities in Germany by Web Services technology. A semantically shared ontology can be shared physically in the Web.


This paper introduces a new class of graphs, the CP graphs, and shows that their distance determinant and distance inertia are independent of their structures. The CP graphs include the family of linear $2$-trees. When a graph is attached with a CP graph, it is shown that the distance determinant and the distance inertia are also independent of the structure of the CP graph. Applications to the addressing problem proposed by Graham and Pollak in 1971 are given.


The paper presents unilinear and mutiunilinear regression formulae for the reconstruction of stature from percutaneous lengths of tibia and fibula of Scheduled Caste males and females of Haryana State of India. The study is based on a crosssectional sample of 202 individuals (101 males and 101 females) aged 18 to 21 years. Left and right radial subcutaneous lengths of tibia and fibula of each subject were measured using standard instruments and techniques. Percutaneous mean lengths of tibia and fibula were significantly greater in the males as compared to females (P<0.05).Bilateral differences in percutaneous lengths were not significant for tibia as well as fibula (P<0.05). Percutaneous tibial and fibular lengths showed significant correlation (P<0.05) with stature in both sexes; the correlations were stronger in females. The r2 values suggest that tibia was a better predictor of stature for males and the fibula for females. The estimates are better if mutiunilinear equations of tibia and fibula are used together. The regression formulae reported here have important applications in forensic science for identification of unknown human remains, particularly partial, mutilated and dismembered ones, especially of Haryana State of north India.


We would like to thank Dr Kroumpouzos for his interest in our review article and for the opportunity to discuss the controversy surrounding nomenclature of the specific pruritic dermatoses of pregnancy. In their 2006 publication, Ambros-Rudolph et al. suggested a reclassification of the dermatoses of pregnancy, with addition of an umbrella term, "atopic eruption of pregnancy" (AEP), under which they included prurigo of pregnancy (PP), prurigo gestationis, earlyonset prurigo of pregnancy, papular dermatitis of pregnancy, pruritic folliculitis of pregnancy (PFP), and eczema in pregnancy (EP). This was based on clinical and histopathological overlap among women with EP, PP, and PFP. This recategorization has been accepted by some and critiqued by others. In his current letter to the editor as well as previous publications, Kroumpouzos argues that AEP should not be used to describe pruritic, discrete papulonodules on the extensor surfaces of the extremities developed in the late second and third trimesters of pregnancy in women without atopic history – rather that the term PP should be maintained as a distinct label for these women. Kroumpouzos identifies the 1994 study by Roger and colleagues as the largest prospective study on dermatoses of pregnancy, which included a total of 42 cases of pregnancy dermatoses (7 cases of PP), and cites that this study failed to confirm an association of PP with atopy. However, Roger and colleagues excluded women who had pruritic skin disease prior to pregnancy, thereby potentially excluding women with a history of atopic dermatitis (AD). Additionally, while this was the largest prospective study, numbers were quite small. This is in contrast to the Ambros-Rudolph study in which 401 women with dermatoses of pregnancy were reviewed (251 cases of EP, 4 cases of PP, and 1 case of PFP; ultimately reported as 256 cases of AEP). Kroumpouzos and others have called for prospective, large-scale studies to clarify the relationship between PP, PFP, and AEP. Ravelli et al. have recently published a combined prospective and retrospective case series of 20 women with typical prurigo presentation and no personal or family history of atopic disease, with the aim of characterizing the clinical features of PP without atopic background. In his letter, Kroumpouzos cites the key findings of this study: a later onset of PP without atopic history as compared to AEP, with median gestational onset of 27.5weeks in this cohort of women with PP without atopic history. However, in the 1994 study by Roger et al., average onset of PP was 22 (SD 9) weeks of gestation, suggesting onset prior to the third trimester in a significant proportion of women with PP. Another main finding Kroumpouzos cites is comorbid psychiatric disease in 20% of the cohort (two women), with one case of anxiety and one case of obsessive compulsive disorder. The incidence of anxiety in this series, however, is consistent with a recent study which reports 9.5% of women are affected by an anxiety or panic disorder at some point during gestation. The clinical relevance of distinction between these two entities is somewhat limited by the fact that the two are not treated differently in pregnancy. However, Kroumpouzos' main concern is the possibility for biased counseling about the nature of AEP, presumably risk of recurrence of dermatologic manifestations of AEP in the form of AD outside of pregnancy. We appreciate the work that Kroumpouzos and his group are doing to better describe the specific dermatoses of pregnancy. We agree that more data is needed to add diagnostic clarity to the dermatoses of pregnancy which remain a heterogenous group of ill-defined pruritic skin diseases unique to pregnancy.


Measurement noise and loop interaction introduces errors during the identification of a TITO process. This paper proposes a new method for estimation of the critical gains and the loop frequency of a TITO process. In the proposed structure, two preload relay (P-relay) are inserted in the feedback loops and two integral controllers are used in the process outputs. The method ensures a smooth limit cycle of the TITO process in the presence of measurement noise and loop interaction of various magnitudes. A pair of second order transfer function models for the TITO process dynamics is identified using the proposed identification method. Simulation results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed identification method.


The westward motion of Turkey relative to Eurasia between the North and East Anatolian faults has been cited as one of the best examples of lateral transport of continental crust from a collision zone, in this case the Arabia-Eurasia collision. This process is variously called "escape" or "extrusion" tectonics. Range-parallel strike-slip faults within the Alborz (e.g., the Mosha fault) and Zagros Mountains (the Main Recent fault) of Iran have been regarded as playing roles similar to those of the North and East Anatolian faults in that they are responsible for the eastward transport of intervening Iranian crust away from the northward motion of the Arabia plate relative to Eurasia. However, both seismicity and GPS data show that there is no net eastward transport of Iranian crust with respect to Eurasia. Here we summarize how the tectonically active mountain ranges of Iran deform by combinations of thrusting and strike-slip movement oblique to the overall convergence vector across each region, without requiring net eastward movement with respect to Eurasia. A general conclusion is that strike-slip faults in collision zones can have different roles. These include not only the lateral transport of crustal material demonstrated in Turkey, but also the partitioning of strain into shortening and strike-slip components shown by the Alborz and Zagros structures and the accommodation of crustal shortening by strike-slip faults that rotate about a vertical axis.


1 protection against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and simultaneously elicits robust 2 humoral and cellular responses to HIV-1 3 Xiaoman Li, 1 Wei Xu, 1 and Sidong Xiong 1, 2 * 4 Institute for Immunobiology and Department of Immunology, Shanghai Medical College, 5 Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China, 1 and Jiangsu Key 6 Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, 7 Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China 2 8 ∗ Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institute for Immunobiology and Department 9 of Immunology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, 10 Shanghai, People's Republic of China. Phone: 086-21-54237749. Fax: 086-21-54237749. 11 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. 12 Running title: Protective efficacy of pP24-Mtb tuberculosis vaccine 13 Copyright © 2012, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Clin. Vaccine Immunol. doi:10.1128/CVI.05700-11 CVI Accepts, published online ahead of print on 29 March 2012


Thermoelectric materials are used today in thermoelectric devices for heat to electricity(thermoelectric generators-TEG) or electricity to heat(heat pumps) conversion in a large range of applications. In the case of TEGs the final measure of their performance is given by a quantity named the maximum efficiency which shows how much from the heat input is converted into electrical power. Therefore it is of great interest to know correctly how much is the efficiency of a device to can make commercial assessments. The concept of engineering figure of merit, Zeng, and engineering power factor, Peng, were already introduced in the field to quantify the efficiency of a single material under temperature dependent thermoelectric properties, with the mention that the formulas derivation was limited to one leg of the thermoelectric generator. In this paper we propose to extend the concept of engineering figure of merit to a thermoelectric generator by introducing a more general concept of device engineering thermoel...


Solar radiation pressure effects have been exploited by satellites for about four decades. Concepts have been developed for using solar radiation forces and torques in practical applications, for instance, for orbit stationkeeping and attitude stabilization of geostationary communications satellites. The forces and torques induced by solar radiation pressure can substantially alter the orbital and attitude behavior of spacecraft, especially in long-duration missions. The present work analyzes the long-term effect of the solar radiation torques on the evolution of the spin-axis attitude pointing of any type of spacecraft (e.g., Earth-orbiting spacecraft, deep space probes, and solar sails). Analytic models are presented that can be applied to a spacecraft of an arbitrary geometrical shape. Compact results are established that predict the annual drift of the spacecraft spin axis under solar radiation torques. The models presented will be useful for the design of spacecraft attitude control systems as well as for space mission planning, including hibernation concepts.


This paper describes the relationship of primary electrical parameters of inductor with frequency and method of measure.Measuring inductor at application frequency is more scientific method.


The utility model relates to a novel electric mosquito-repellent device, which uses the principle of bionics for simulating the sound waves of male mosquitoes to regulate the sound waves in ultrasonic waves which change frequency at any time to achieve the purpose of voiceless sound and the elimination of female mosquitoes which bite human beings. The utility model is mainly composed of an ultrasonic wave generator. The utility model is characterized in that two transistors are formed into a special ultra low frequency sine-wave generator; besides, a composite digital integrated circuit is adopted, wherein, one halt is formed into the ultrasonic wave generator and the other halt is formed into an audio generator which is used for simulating the sounds of the male mosquitoes; the ultra low frequency sine-wave generator is used for simultaneously regulating the ultrasonic waves and the simulation audio frequency.


A typical approach to defining a classifier ensemble requires two phases: creating a large set of potential classifiers, then selecting an appropriate subset to form an ensemble. It is generally accepted that the ensemble should be behaviourally diverse in order to deliver maximum accuracy, hence evolutionary search methods have been used to explicitly create diversity. Here we investigate a range of search methods that span the full spectrum of favouring accuracy, diversity, or different combinations of both, across both phases defined above. Surprisingly, we show that multiple unique combinations between a diversity metric and accuracy give rise to similar results, including cases that assign the most importance to accuracy. This equivalence between utilising diversity or accuracy objectives enables us to posit the existence of a diversity-accuracy duality in ensembles of classifiers, which challenges notions about the need to find a trade-off between the two.


B κ NFHuman Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells : The Potential Role of Transcription Factor Oxidized LDL Upregulates Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Expression in Cultured Print ISSN: 0009-7322. Online ISSN: 1524-4539 Copyright © 2000 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 Circulation doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.102.16.197


A 53-year-old man has had malaise, intermittent cough, and occasional fever and night sweats for 2 weeks. He has also lost some weight during this time but denies hemoptysis and sputum production; he has not traveled abroad recently. His only significant medical condition is hypertension, which is well controlled with medication.


One potential breakthrough application of real-time mobile device sensing data is the ability to effect changes in the social systems in real time. This data can come from devices that we carry with us anyway: our cell phones, our name tags, and other computing devices. As we have shown in previous work, by using this data in offline analysis we can use this information to not only identify social ties, but also the context of those ties. We discuss a model for how this data should be used to improve social system structure through augmented social reality.


Abstract : The contamination of spacecraft surfaces from ambient and outgassing molecules is considered. A model is formulated for the molecules desorbed from the spacecraft surfaces and scattered by the ambient molecules back to the emitting and adjacent surfaces. Equations are derived for the backscatter and far-field cases as a function of surface geometry, mean free path, and desorbing beam shape. Expressions are given for point to point and flat surface to point scattering. The scattered molecular irradiance is combined with other sources to obtain the total molecular irradiance. A calculation of the contamination during launch of the Lincoln Experimental Satellites 8 and 9 is given.


Writing is considered as the most difficult skill in English. It has some important aspects which must be considered by learners, such as grammar. Language without grammar would be disorganized and causes some communicative problems. This research aims to find out the common types of grammatical errors made by students in their writing. The research was conducted at English Education Department of Islamic Education and Teacher Training Faculty of UIN Ar-Raniry. Twenty two students in one of four units were taken as the participants in this research. The researcher used the writing of sixth semester students' midterm and final tests as the main source of the data. The collected data were then analyzed by using statistic and descriptive analysis method. After analyzing all of the data, the researcher found 269 errors which contained 76 or 28% errors in using plurality and 58 or 22% errors in the use of verb tense and form for the midterm test. For the final test, a total of 432 errors were counted which included 323 or 75% errors of verb and tense form and 38 or 8% errors of plurality. From the findings, it can be concluded that the most common grammatical errors in the writings of sixth semester students of English Education Department of Islamic Education and Teacher Training Faculty of UIN Ar-Raniry are plurality; and verb tense and form.


The teaching of physics often involves the use of illustrations that complement and assist the understanding of a particular situation or physical phenomenon. Overall, the proper use of illustrations can maximize the learning and understanding of concepts and phenomena related to the teaching of science (physics, chemistry, biology) and mathematics.


This study discusses the description of Minangkabau women during PRRI in the short story Sang Guru Juki by A.A Navis. There are many scientific works that examine the PRRI period in Central Sumatra, but very few discuss women at that time. Intimidation, sexual violence and harassment have a negative impact on women's lives. These actions make women feel ashamed, humiliated, afraid and traumatized. During the upheaval, women are in a dangerous position, they are weak, have no weapons and need to be protected. Women who are usually respected have shifted into women who have lost their identity. The purpose of this research; describes Minangkabau women during the PRRI upheaval in the short story Sang Guru Juki by A.A Navis. This research is a historical research with library research method without going directly to the field. Literary works can be used as a source of support in historical research, which escapes the eyes of historians. The results of this study: the description of Minangkabau women in the short story Sang Guru Juki, placing women in a disadvantaged position, fear, anxiety and trauma are still felt by women today, especially when considering the treatment of APRI and PRRI individuals.


During the past centuries,a dominant culture of learning which is disembodied has been shaped by the Cartesian view of knowledge. In the eyes of Cartesians,the knowledge is a substance outside of the people and is developed through the metaphor of I think,therefore I am. This kind of view of knowledge cultivated a disembodied culture of learning,which concentrates on the knowledge delivery in education and develops the metaphor of instructionism in practice. The authors argue that this kind of disembodied culture of learning brought about many negative consequences and made the learning boring. In the digital age,an alternative culture of learning characterized as embodied is emerging and attempts to overcome the Descartes' error. For the embodied culture of learning,there are many essential elements,including the ubiquitous information networks,the structured and flexible learning environments,which will reinvent the practice of learning,such as,hanging out,playing,gaming,imagination and so on.In this article,based on the literatures,the authors explore the conceptions of embodied culture of learning and propose the strategies to cultivate it. They argue that this new culture of learning should be established on embodied cognition,which provide three critical concepts as the psychological foundations,including conceptualization,replacement and constitution. Conceptualization means that the concepts an organism can acquire are determined,limited,or constrained by the properties of the organism's body. Replacement means that the dynamics of an organism's bodily interaction with the environment replaces the need for representational processing. Constitution means constituents of cognition extend beyond the brain,so the body or world does not play a mere causal role in cognitive processes. From the perspective of embodied cognition,the process of learning is not an information processing mechanism but regarded as a continuous interaction among body,mind and the environments.To building an embodied culture of learning,the authors propose that it's necessary to develop a new learning environment through embodied technology. Donald Ihde proposes a framework for us to explore the embodied relation-ship between the people and the technology. In embodiment relations,the embodied technology serves as a transparent means through which one perceives one's environment rather than an object of perception. In this case,an embodied technology becomes a technology that is incorporated into one's body schema,which implies that it becomes part of one's bodily space. Through the embodied technology,an alternative embodied learning environment can be developed for the digital natives. This embodied learning environment is characterized as the mutual interactions between people and environment. The learners learn from the environment and the environment grow through the development of people. In this way,a new relationship between the learners and the environment could be developed and a new culture could be cultivated.In order to build a new embodied culture of learning,besides the support of embodied environment,the authors argue that we also need to make curriculum,teaching,and learning embodied in practice. An embodied curriculum introduces the implicit knowledge and experiences into the curriculum and make the learning content situated in real life. The embodied teaching is about being acutely aware of your audience and makes the learning back to the real world. And the embodied learning makes learning contextualized,body enacted,and perceptive which is based on the body. If we could make curriculum,teaching and learning embodied in practice,a new world for education where people dance with technology could be made real and a new culture of learning could be developed.


Western Europe Few chemical executives in Western Europe will bemoan the passing of 1975. Their summation of business conditions this year is well sprinkled with such terms as "depressed" and "disastrous." But with 1975 now essentially behind them, they are turning with renewed confidence to 1976. They are looking forward to the strengthening of trading activity that likely will accompany the upturn they expect in world economic conditions. Cynics might be pardoned in pointing out that forecasters this time last year were predicting a recovery around mid-1975. That recovery never materialized. Indeed, nine-month results for the major chemical concerns in Europe are decidedly poor. Nevertheless, there does exist grounds for hope that an economic upswing is in the offing. For one thing, there are signs that producers of plastics, fibers, and the like are beginning to build up their stocks again, a factor that will have an effect on producers of chemical raw materials. Too, the belief ...


A study was made of some of the more important factors governing the pyrohydrolysis of metal fluorides, e.g., temperature, steam rate, and weight of sample. As working materials the fluorides of calcium, magnesium, uranium(IV), and uranium(III) were used, these being considered to be the principal fluorides likely to be present in uranium tetrafluoride reduction slags. It was shown that in mixtures containing fluorides of widely different stabilities, e.g., magnesiumuranium(IV), selective pyrohydrolysis of the constituents is possible by a careful control of temperature. (auth)


Enhanced pore water exchange facilitates the transport of pore water to deep, sandy sediments and may provide microbial communities with usable substrates. In this thesis sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were shown to be highly abundant and metabolically active in down to 5 meters depth of a tidal sand flat (German Wadden Sea). The majority of the isolated and quantified SRB were members of two widely distributed phylogenetic groups within the Deltaproteobacteria. Many cultured representatives as well as the isolates from this study are able to utilize a broad spectrum of organic substrates as electron and carbon sources. They can also grow by fermentation and therefore probably gain sufficient energy to survive under these uncomfortable conditions. The high abundance of SRB, seasonal changes in pore water sulfate, elevated cell numbers and activity of SRB supported the hypothesis that pore water and metabolic products are transported to deep sediments. In conclusion, deep sediments of tidal sand flats were shown to be potential 'hot spots' of microbial activity and have a remarkable impact on organic matter degradation and recycling of nutrients.


In a large number of applications, engineers have to estimate a function linked to the state of a dynamic system. To do so, a sequence of samples drawn from this unknown function is observed while the system is transiting from state to state and the problem is to generalize these observations to unvisited states. Several solutions can be envisioned among which regressing a family of parameterized functions so as to make it fit at best to the observed samples. This is the first problem addressed with the proposed kernel-based Bayesian filtering approach, which also allows quantifying uncertainty reduction occurring when acquiring more samples. Classical methods cannot handle the case where actual samples are not directly observable but only a non linear mapping of them is available, which happens when a special sensor has to be used or when solving the Bellman equation in order to control the system. However the approach proposed in this paper can be extended to this tricky case. Moreover, an application of this indirect function approximation scheme to reinforcement learning is presented. A set of experiments is also proposed in order to demonstrate the efficiency of this kernel-based Bayesian approach. Index Terms—supervised learning; reinforcement learning; Bayesian filtering; kernel methods


In 2010, a severe contamination of soil and groundwater caused by the production and transportation of crude oil were detected in the Ogoni area, Federal Republic of Nigeria. A linear correlation between aliphatics and aromatics and the missing link between the degree of contamination and the depth of the soil samples indicate incomplete earlier remediation activities. 665 analyzed samples were mathematically reduced to 28 contamination patterns that can be distinguished by type and degree of pollution, environmentally assessed and visualized by a quasi 3-D model. Case studies taken from the Local Government Areas Eleme, Gokana, Khana, and Tai show the methodology and results.


Objective Through the facial measurement of Han nationality,to probe into the characteristics Chinese Han nationality and to analyze the characteristic facial differences of different nationalities so as to provide criteria for the design of personal head and face protective devices.Methods Adopting international criteria,head and face referential parameters were measured.The population was sampled according to different age,gender and region.By using these head-face indexes,the characteristics of head-face dimension in different periods,nationalities and countries were analyzed.Results 3000 Han nationality subjects were measured.The results showed that the values of the items in males were larger than those in females.The head-face type of Han nationality was mainly of round head,wide face and medium nose bridge,which were quite different from those of Americans.The mean values of lip length and face width for all Chinese subjects were significantly larger than those of Americans.However,the mean length of face and protrusion of nose for both genders were significantly smaller than those of Americans.Chinese face was shorter but wider than American.Conclusions The characteristics of head-face dimension of Han nationality show wider face and nose.Head-face characteristics are different in different period,different nationalities and different countries.In the design of personal head and facial protective devices these factors should fully be taken into consideration.


Background Skin diseases are common in children. Some are transitory and require only single or few visits to the dermatologist, where others are chronic and recurrent . Thus require more frequent follow-up. Objectives To determine the prevalence of different dermatologic diseases in infant and children in Sharkia Governorate EGYPT. Subjects and methods A cross-sectional study was carried out on 1860 patients of both sexes with different skin diseases chosen by random sample. Aged from one month to twelve years from Dermatology and Pediatric Out-patient Clinics of Zagazig University Hospitals . Results The group with bacterial skin infection had the highest prevalence rate (23.4%) of which impetigo (22%) was the commonest. Parasitic infestations group had a rate of (20.9%) with pediculosis capitis forming the majority (17.5%). Superficial fungal infections were (16.3%), followed by eczema/dermatitis group (12.7%), then viral infections (11.2%), urticaria (6.1%), sweat gland disorders(4.8%), papulosquamous disorders (1.5%), pigmentary disorders (1.1%), alopecia areata (0.6%), genodermatoses (0.4%).Other skin disorders were recorded (0.8%).


According to sociologists, socialization is defined as coordination of an individual with social values, norms and insights. Political socialization is one of the fundamental and important concepts in the social science, today. Political socialization is a process through which an individual gets acquainted with his responsibilities, rights and political roles in the society. During this process the political culture of the society transfers from one generation to the next or from one institution to different social groups. The institutions of political socialization, provide both continuation of the political life and its value system, and cause political, social and traditional culture establishments. The purpose of this study is to survey the place of family in political socialization of the university students in Bushehr. Population of this study includes all the university students of Bushehr from among whom 150 participants are chosen using sys- tematic random sampling. The results of the study show that family as an institution plays an important role in the political socialization of the students.


In reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMSs), the architecture of a system can be modified during its operation. This reconfiguration can be caused by many motivations: processing rework and failures, adding new products, adding new machines, etc. In RMSs, sharing of resources may lead to deadlocks, and some operations can therefore remain incomplete. The objective of this article is to develop a novel two-step solution for quick and accurate reconfiguration of supervisory controllers for deadlock control in RMSs with dynamic changes. In the first step, the net rewriting system (NRS) is used to design a reconfigurable Petri net model under dynamic configurations. The obtained model guarantees boundedness behavioral property but may lose the other properties of a Petri net model (i.e., liveness and reversibility). The second step develops an automatic deadlock prevention policy for the reconfigurable Petri net using the siphon control method based on a place invariant to solve the deadlock problem with dynamic structure changes in RMSs and achieve liveness and reversibility behavioral properties for the system. The proposed approach is tested using examples in the literature and the results highlight the ability of the automatic deadlock prevention policy to adapt to RMSs configuration changes.


In this article the authors (a) discuss wellness for children from a developmental perspective and (b) present results of a research study investigating the effects of wellness promotion guidance activities among fifth-grade children. Results reveal enhanced self-esteem and higher knowledge of wellness information among children in the experimental group.


This article presents a radar cross-section (RCS)-based statistical recognition system for identifying/classifying unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) at microwave frequencies. First, the article presents the results of the vertical (VV) and horizontal (HH) polarization RCS measurement of six commercial UAVs at 15 and 25 GHz in a compact range anechoic chamber. The measurement results show that the average RCS of the UAVs depends on shape, size, material composition of the target UAV as well as the azimuth angle, frequency, and polarization of the illuminating radar. Afterward, radar characterization of the target UAVs is achieved by fitting the RCS measurement data to 11 different statistical models. From the model selection analysis, we observe that the lognormal, generalized extreme value, and gamma distributions are most suitable for modeling the RCS of the commercial UAVs while the Gaussian distribution performed relatively poorly. The best UAV radar statistics forms the class conditional probability densities for the proposed UAV statistical recognition system. The performance of the UAV statistical recognition system is evaluated at different signal noise ratio (SNR) with the aid of Monte Carlo analysis. At an SNR of 10 dB, the average classification accuracy of 97.60% or better is achievable.


&NA; Autism, also referred to as autistic spectrum disorder, occurs in approximately 1 per 2,000 children and is a complex, lifelong condition that can be devastating to families who are often ill‐equipped to meet its challenges. Increasing media attention has led to public fascination with autism as well as amazing claims about the efficacy of a wide variety of treatment approaches. Unfortunately, there is little empirical evidence with which to support many of these claims. Because nurses are often asked to help families navigate through a maze of confusing treatment choices, they should understand the characteristics of autism, historical treatments and current trends, terminology commonly used by parents and the "autism community," and scientific advancements with clinical implications. With this knowledge, nurses and other professionals should be well‐positioned to assist parents who must make critical decisions about treatment options for their autistic children and to promote sound scientific inquiry.


Consumption of green plant is a major source of vitamins and micronutrients for people using only vegetarian diets rich in carbohydrates. In rural areas where vegetable cultivation is not practiced and market supplies are not organized, local inhabitants depend on cultivated or wild indigenous vegetables for enriching the diversity of food. Knowledge of such food is part of traditional knowledge is largely transmitted through participation of individuals of households. The purpose of this study was to documentation of wild plants used as vegetables by the people of Rupandehi district, western Nepal. This paper revealed total 43 plant species belong to 36 genera under 29 families of vascular plants. J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 26, 2012: 111-125


Piezoelectric mesocrystals as defective materials have been demonstrated to possess adsorptive and catalytic properties in redox reactions. However, there is still a lack of research on the quantitative relationship between the defect concentration and the piezocatalytic performance in piezoelectric mesocrystals. Herein, twin‐hierarchical structure ZnO piezoelectric mesocrystals are taken with different oxygen‐vacancies (OVs) concentrations to quantitatively investigate the effect of defect content on the peroxymonosulfate (PMS) piezo‐activation in water purification. The ZnO piezoelectric mesocrystal with moderate OVs concentration exhibits a rapid antibiotic ornidazole (ORZ) pollutants degradation rate (0.034 min−1) and achieves a high PMS utilization efficiency (0.162) that exceeds the most state‐of‐the‐art catalytic processes, while excessive OVs suppressed the piezocatalytic performance. Through calculations of electron property and reactants affinity, a quantitative relationship between OVs concentration and piezocatalytic properties is established. The ZnO mesocrystal with moderate OVs concentration realized increased electron delocalization, reduced charge transfer barrier, and enhanced reactants affinity, thus accelerating the kinetics of PMS activation. This work provides theoretical guidance for the application of defect engineering in mesocrystal to realize enhanced piezocatalytic performance.


Owing to increase in power demand, many instability problems are experienced by power system in every year. Voltage stability is one of the main problems in power systems that must be treated using suitable mitigation techniques. Under heavy load conditions due to insufficient reactive power causes the voltage drop and under lightly loaded condition due to surplus amount of reactive power causes voltage rise, finally it leads to voltage instability. The enhancement of voltage stability in transmission line is done by Unified Power Flow Controller. In this project voltage stability improvement using UPFC is analyzed. Voltage stability improvement is shown and analyzed using MATLAB/ Simulink. Keywords—Unified Power Flow Controller(UPFC); Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS); proportional-integral-derivative controller (PID controller); Static Compensator (STATCOM).


How have cutthroat competition and high growth compelled telecom service providers to innovatively use social media to outperform competitors, improve customer communication and maintain loyalty? Why have service providers made huge investments in social media for their CRM strategy? This case study analyses how Tata DoCoMo used social media to positively influence customer experience. The case study will help in understanding the role of social media in customer communication strategies and its impact on customer loyalty, and open up scope for future research.


The objective of this paper is to investigate the inflow performance of multiple vertical wells producing from and injecting into a closed reservoir of constant thickness under pseudosteady-state conditions. For this case we represent, like the method of imaginary sources, a closed reservoir as an element of unbounded doubly periodic array of wells and use the elliptic Weierstrass zeta- and sigma-functions to describe this inflow performance. This approach allow us: • to find the pressure distribution and the field of fluid velocities in the reservoir; • to calculate the productivity index (PI) and the Dietz's shape factor for any shape of reservoirs, not only, like Dietz (1965), for rectangular and triangular ones; • to analyze the influence of a reservoir shape on the Dietz's shape factor; • to establish, like Valko, Doublet and Blasingame (2000) for a rectangular reservoir, the influence matrix (IM) and the multiwell productivity matrix (MPM) for any shape of reservoirs; • to introduce the multiwell productivity index (MPI) as a norm of MPM and to find the optimal placement of producing wells in a closed reservoir, based on the maximum MPI condition; • to introduce, like Kaviani and Valko (2010) MPI-based method for a rectangular reservoir, the connectivity matrix (CM) for any shape of reservoirs and to evaluate on the base of the CM-approach the interwell connectivity of injector/producer wells in waterflooding of any shape of reservoirs.


Objective:To evaluate the risk of new-onset heart failure and the changes of serum concentration of N-terminal fragment of the prohormone brain-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in a population with right ventricular apical pacing as different cumulative percent of right venticular pacing (CUM%VP).Methods:A cohort study was conducted among 74 patients with sick sinus syndrome (SSS) or atrioventricular block (AVB) after single-chamber ventricular pacemaker implantation. According to the cut-point of 75% of CUM%VP, patients were divided into group A (CUM%VP≥75%, n=29) and group B (CUM%VP75%, n=45). The primary composite endpoint was defined as new-onset heart failure (NYHA class ≥Ⅲ or hospitalization for heart failure)and death from all causes. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular end-diastolic volumes (LVEDV) were measured echocardiographically and the serum concentration of NT-proBNP by ECLIA, and their absolute alterations(△LVEF, △LVEDV, △NT-proBNP) as compared with the baseline measurements were also calculated. Additionally, the data of NT-proBNP were expressed as median and interval of quartiles rank [25%, 75% percentiles]. Results:Before pacemaker implantation, there were no differences in age, sex, basic diseases, cardiac function, and constituent ratio in type of pacemakers between group A and B. The mean duration of follow-up was (31.0±11.4) months. There were no death, dropout, and loss to follow-up. By comparing the outcomes of group A with those of group B at end of the study, it showed that: ①LVEF in group A was significantly lower[(56.4±7.4)% vs (60.9±6.8)%, P=0.01], with a more absolute decrease in LVEF[△LVEF: (-4.1±8.67)% vs (2.0±5.7)%, P=0.001] than those in group B; LVEDV in group A was significantly larger (150.2 ml±11.5 ml vs 145.0 ml±10.0 ml, P=0.043), with a more absolute increase in LVEDV (△LVEDV: 7.75 ml±12.62 ml vs 2.80 ml±7.53 ml, P=0.04) than those in group B; NYHA class in group A was significantly higher than that in group B(1.93±0.99 vs 1.51±0.69, P=0.036); ②serum concentration of NT-proBNP and absolute changes of NT-proBNP in group A were all higher than those in group B (NT-proBNP: 2 245[446, 3 312] pg/ml vs 376 [214, 950] pg/ml, P=0.001; △NT-proBNP: 1 443[115, 2 931]pg/ml vs 187[80, 489]pg/ml, P=0.003), and serum concentration of NT-proBNP was increased with cardiac function exacerbation; ③the primary endpoint presented no death but new-onset heart failure in 24.1% (7 of 29)cases of group A and 6.7% (3 of 45) of group B, respectively (RR=3.6, 95% CI 1.017-12.885, P=0.032); The accumulative events-free survival rates (or survival time) were 75.9% (or 42.6±13.9 months) in group A and 93.3% (or 50.8±11.4 months) in group B, respectively (P=0.015). Conclusions:Frequent right ventricular apical pacing increases the risk of new-onset of heart failure in a population with single-chamber pacemaker implantation,and the serum concentration of NT-proBNP, and CUM%VP combined with NT-proBNP may be used as a prospectively predictive indicator of heart failure for these people.


Spatiotemporal variations in plant-pollinator interactions drive floral evolution and shape the diversity of flowers in angiosperms. However, the potential role of plant-pollinator interactions in driving floral differentiation across flowering times within a population has not been documented. In this study, we aimed to quantify the variations in pollinator-mediated selection of floral traits across different flowering times of Primula sikkimensis (an entomophilous plant) in two natural populations. The results demonstrated that plants were shorter and produced fewer flowers with larger sizes in the early flowering time than in the late flowering time. In early flowering time, pollinator types were fewer and visitation frequency was lower than in late flowering time, resulting in lower female fitness. Pollinator-mediated selection of floral traits varied with flowering time, and more floral traits received pollinator-mediated selection during early flowering time. These results highlight that temporal variation in plant-pollinator interactions may have a potential role in driving floral diversification within the population.


A simple lattice model has been used to investigate (2+1)-dimensional ballistic deposition for angles of incidence θ in the range 0 o ≤θ<90 o . In the oblique-incidence limit (θ90 o ) a pattern of overlapping scales inclined at an angle of about 37.5 o is formed. The individual scales can be characterized in terms of their characteristic length, width, and thickness which grow algebraically with increasing scale size


An increase in the use of simulation as a modeling and analysis tool has resulted in a growing number of simulation software products in the market. Companies are seeking advice about the desirable features of software for manufacturing simulation, depending on the purpose of its use. Because of this, the importance of an adequate approach to simulation software evaluation and comparison is apparent. This paper presents a critical evaluation of several widely used manufacturing simulators: ProModel, AutoMod, HyperMesh and ProcessModel. Following a review of research into simulation software evaluation, an evaluation and comparison of the above simulators is performed. The main purpose of this evaluation and comparison is to discover the suitability of certain types of simulators for particular purposes.


A series of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles having 10-demethoxy-10-N-methylaminocolchicine core were designed and synthesized via the Cu(I)-catalyzed "click" reaction and screened for their in vitro cytotoxicity against four cancer cell lines (A549, MCF-7, LoVo, LoVo/DX) and one noncancerous cell line (BALB/3T3). Indexes of resistance (RI) and selectivity (SI) were also determined to assess the potential of the analogues to break drug resistance of the LoVo/DX cells and to verify their selectivity toward killing cancer cells over normal cells. The compounds with an ester or amide moiety in the fourth position of 1,2,3-triazole of 10-N-methylaminocolchicine turned out to have the greatest therapeutic potential (low IC50 values and favorable SI values), much better than that of unmodified colchicine or doxorubicin and cisplatin. Thus, they make a valuable clue for the further search for a drug having a colchicine scaffold.


In the shallow meandering-river reservoirs in Nanpu land area,oil recovery ratio was low,preference seepage channel was developed,remaining oil was widely distributed and oil was enriched locally.By analyzing affecting factors and response features of preference seepage channel,the units of preference seepage channel for shallow meandering-river reservoirs of Nanpu land area were i-dentified by using injection-production effect analysis,water absorption profile analysis,tracer analysis and multi-factor comprehensive index identification.The distribution patterns of preference seepage channel and remaining oil distribution were also summarized.The result provides technical support for tapping the potential of residual oil and improving development results in meandering-river reservoirs,and also provides reference for researching the preference seepage channel in other similar reservoirs.


This electronic device (60; 62A, 62N) for monitoring an electrical quantity of a voltage and a current on an alternating current flowing in an electrical conductor (34, 36, 38; 42A, 44A, 46A, ..., 42N, 44N, 46N), comprises a measuring module (66; 76A, ..., 76N) configured to measure at least one value of the electrical quantity, a radio transceiver (70; 80A, ..., 80N ), and a transmission module (105; 128A, ..., 128N) connected to the radio transceiver. The monitoring device further comprises a calculation module (106; 124A, ..., 124N) configured to calculate at least one monitoring parameter of the electric quantity based on at least one measured value of said electrical quantity, each monitoring parameter being selected from an angular phase of the electrical quantity and a module of the electric quantity, the transmitter module (105; 128A, ..., 128N) being configured to transmit, to another electronic device , a data message (M1, M2A, ..., M2N) containing at least one monitoring parameter calculated.


The invention relates to gypsum-based seal mortar for through-wall holes and a preparation method of the gypsum-based seal mortar. The gypsum-based seal mortar is prepared from components in parts by weight as follows: 100 parts of flue gas desulfurization gypsum, 30-250 parts of an active admixture, 0.01-10 parts of a water reducer, 0.1-50 parts of an activator, 0-10 parts of an adjusting admixture, 0-20 parts of a binder, 0-10 parts of a water repellent, 0.01-30 parts of a plastic retaining agent, 0.01-10 parts of starch ether and 30-300 parts of quartz sand. Compared with the prior art, the gypsum-based seal mortar for through-wall holes and the preparation method have the advantages as follows: the workability is good; the operable time is long; newly stirred mortar has good plasticity, adhesive force and falling and skidding resistance; a hole can be extruded, injected and sealed with a caulking gun or a caulking machine, a flowing phenomenon is not caused even when a large hole is filled, the hole can be fully filled to the deep position and sufficiently sealed, the sealing material plays a role sufficiently, and the like. A large amount of industrial waste gypsum is used, the workability of the material can be improved, the material cost can be reduced, and a novel way is provided for application of the industrial waste gypsum.


Algebraic formulae are derived for the regression to the mean effect for a measurement whose population mean and variance change over time and for subpopulations selected according to initial value in any defined range. The distribution of values for the whole population is assumed to be normal. The results are applied to plasma cholesterol levels of participants in a dietary intervention study, some of whom were selected as having high initial levels. The formulae enable the effects of intervention to be separated from secular change and regression to the mean in studies for which this was not previously possible.


This paper focuses on the education of teachers for tomorrow's learning. Education is viewed as the introduction of pre-service teachers into different professional communities of practice (COP) that will help them develop a personal approach to teaching, building on a shared knowledge base, shared teaching methodologies, a shared engagement for teaching and a shared vision on what constitutes excellent teaching (Shulman & Shulman 2004). In online COPs, facilitated by web 2.0 technologies, learners can reflect on how their personal convictions concerning teaching link in with those coconstructed by other COP members (Lave & Wenger 1998). Via active participation in COPs, teachers can deepen and nuance their understanding of key concepts and theories underlying particular approaches to teaching. At the same time they can construct a professional identity that also incorporates a commitment to lifelong learning and personal development in interaction with other professionals in the field of subject teaching. In this paper, we report on an innovation project in one teacher education programme offered at the University of Leuven (K.U.Leuven), and elaborate on the pedagogical principles underlying two new blended learning environments (BLE). These learning environments, one concerning language teaching methodology ('Think LT!') and one concerning Content and Language Integrated Learning ('CLIL in SLO'), centre on individual reflection in interaction with both learning materials and peers. The paper finishes with a discussion of how teacher education changed after the introduction of online learning environments: from a curriculum that considered the passing on of relevant knowledge as its core teaching strategy to one that regards the capacity to make informed decisions the core of initial


The lightweight design of aluminum automobile wheel can easily bring about all kinds of defects during die-casting, which often causes wheel frame deformation and creep damages in the future use and in turn affects traffic safety. To understand the evolution of mold flow, temperature field, and solidification, the low pressure die-casting processes of A356 aluminum wheel were simulated by Anycasting software package. Various casting parameters combined with the designs of flow channel and overflows were adopted to reduce the defects occurred in wheel products. In addition, we adopted the retained melt modulus (RMM) to predict the position of defects to be formed as well as their distribution so as to eliminate the shrinkage voids and porosity defects during die-casting. The research findings showed that the setting up of overflow tank could effectively prevent the formation of shrinkage void and porosity of die-castings and significantly promote the quality and productivity of die-casting wheel products.


Asphalt mixture modification with rubberised material frequently results in improved characteristics and extended service life in actual application. This research characterised the synergistic consequences of rubber modifiers (crumb rubber powder (CRP) and natural rubber latex (NRL)) and wax-based admixtures (Tough Fix Hyper (TFH)) on the performance of the asphalt mixture from the fracture energy and laboratory fracture resistance perspectives. Semicircular bending (SCB) and indirect tensile strength (ITS) tests were conducted to assess the fracture properties of the asphalt mixture samples. To prepare asphalt mixture samples, the wet method was utilised. Higher CRP levels resulted in greater strength and a longer time to attain peak force for both control and mixtures containing wax admixture, as determined by SCB. The interaction between the higher CRP or NRL content and the TFH additive enhanced the fracture resistance, indicating that the components are highly compatible. The 10L + TFH additive produced the highest fraction of energy, indicating a more significant improvement than the counterpart mixes containing the CRP modifier. In addition, incorporation of the CRP and NRL increased the fracture plastic zone (FPZ), resulting in increased fracture toughness. Therefore, the gradient of fracture toughness and fracture energy in the asphalt mix depends on the rubber type, content, and TFH. Although the higher CRP, NRL, and TFH improve the fracture energy and cracking resistance, they increase the crack initiation and propagation velocities, whereby the high bitumen stiffness makes the mixture more brittle than the control mixture. Caution should be exercised when selecting the content of rubber modifier and TFH for the asphalt pavements in low-temperature service. Also, there is a direct interconnection between fracture resistance and fracture energy in the mixtures containing CRP, NRL, and TFH. Such correlations can be used as the premise of predictive micro- and macro-models to evaluate mixture performance in terms of fracture resistance.


The reason why conventional banking charges interest rate to borrowers is because it has to pay interest to depositors. Islamic banking deceivingly takes adaptive reform approach to circumvent riba (interest) by substituting an interest-bearing loan into multiple trade transactions. Yet, the trade transactions are not inter-independent and "mechanically arranged" to eliminate 100% of the trading risks as banks are prohibited from trading activities in the first place. Notwithstanding this, Muslims around the globe have no other choice but to adhere to the current adaptive reform. The growth of Islamic banking shows the dire need for shariah (Islamic law) compliant products despite its shortcoming. That is the reason why many Islamic scholars are looking for a better solution in combating riba in the banking system in which the depositors gain at the borrowers expense. This empirical analysis proposed Zakat banking to take transformational reform approach to riba in banking by synthesising zakat into qardan hasana (interest free loan). It starts with the concept that depositors are obligated to pay zakat 2.5% per annum on their deposits instead of gaining interest as in conventional banking or "profit" as in Islamic banking. Depositors then allow Zakat banking to acts as an Amil (zakat collector) to collect zakat and channels the money to the authority after deducting 1/8 of the bank's entitlement. This makes Zakat banking costs of fund equal to zero; therefore, it can lend the balanced deposited pool of money to borrowers at zero rate of interest. In short, when the depositors pay zakat, the borrowers will enjoy qardan hasana. Conversely, to make profit, Zakat banking would charge on competitive basis for the various value added payment systems such as money withdrawal, money transfer, account keeping etc. instead of relying on the interest spread between depositors and borrowers. Keywords; Riba, Zakat, Qardan Hasana, Islamic Banking and Islamic Economic. 01 © COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Lahore, Pakistan. Zakat Banking: A Breakthrough Solution to Riba in Banking by Synthesising Zakat into Qardan HasanaThe Two Islamic Economic Fundamentals. Corresponding Author: Abdul Malek Talib, e-mail: email@example.com Vol. 2(2), 2017, pp. 1-18 DOI: 10.26652/cjif.2201721


A three-dimensional finite element model of the front cover die casting made of aluminum alloy was established by PRO/E and PROCAST software. Thermal balance formation of die casting die and temperature curves of the die cavity surface at different locations were analyzed. The results showed that the nearer the distance from die cavity surface, the greater temperature fluctuation. The thermal fatigue depth of the front cover die casting die was only 0.9mm.


Objective To develop a portable analyzer which can rapidly detect antigen of type B hepatitis,antibody of HIV and H5N1 in blood samples.Methods The micro-processor of STC89C52 was adopted as the controlling core in the system.Based on an embedded technology,the analyzer can rapidly detect the antigen of type B hepatitis,antibody of HIV and H5N1 by processing the synchronic frequency of quartz crystal micro-array and by sensitivity of quality on the surface of quartz crystal with special identification between antibody and antigen.Results The system has the advantages of high sensitivity,better sample-specific characteristics,convenient portability and multi-parameter simultaneous detection.Conclusion The piezoelectric analyzer exceeds the traditional reagent method and serves for institution of scientific research and hospital widely.


The phagocytic response of alveolar cells is a significant factor in determining the pulmonary distribution and fate of inhaled, insoluble particles. The type I alveolar epithelium and alveolar macrophage readily phagocytized inhaled nickel monoxide and chromic oxide particles with 80% and 91%, respectively, of alveolar deposits being found in macrophages and 0.5% and 4.2%, respectively, being localized in type I alveolar epithelium. Type II alveolar epithelium did not exhibit any phagocytic activity. Fewer NiO particles were found in macrophages, and more were found free in alveolar lumens following exposure to cigarette smoke, indicating an inhibition of phagocytosis of inhaled particles by cigarette smoke.


The DSRC/WAVE initiative is forecast to enable a plethora of applications, categorised in two broad classes of safety and non-safety applications. With the improvement of driver awareness being the primary objective of the safety applications, the performance and hence the users' satisfaction are driven foremost by the reliability of applications in providing the users with fresh kinematic and warning information about hazardous events. However, due to limited tasks performed in the application layer, the reliability of these applications reduces substantially to the reliability of the underlying communication system. In non-safety applications, on the other hand, many different tasks are performed and decisions are made in the application layer. To gain a holistic view of the impacts of such diverse tasks and decisions on the efficiency of information dissemination as the primary task of these applications, it is required that a comprehensive application framework be designed in the first place. In this dissertation, we adopt a systematic approach to analytically investigate the reliability of the communication system in a symbiotic relationship with the host system comprising a vehicular traffic system and radio propagation environment. To this aim, the interference factor is identified as the central element of the symbiotic relationship. Our approach to the investigation of interference and its impacts on the communication reliability departs from previous studies by the degree of realism incorporated in the host system model. In one dimension, realistic traffic models are developed to describe the vehicular traffic behaviour in urban traffic systems as the major overlooked scenario in the previous studies. In a second dimension, a state-of-theart radio propagation model targeted to vehicular network (VANET) environments is employed to capture the unique signal propagation aspects of the host system. Our key findings are summarised as follows: (i) in urban traffic scenarios, the use of lower data rates in the nominal range stipulated by DSRC/WAVE initiative to fulfil the load demand of applications is questionable, unless the transmission range is controlled effectively, (ii) the worst-case reliability takes place in positions behind the traffic light queue where vehicles are decelerating from high velocity. Such positions are arguably the most important for timely alerting of dangerous traffic conditions, (iii) the hidden terminal interference causes a significant decline in the reachable distance of broadcast safety messages, which in several cases drop to distances shorter than the minimum required coverage of medium range safety applications, and (iv) the hidden terminal interference happens to be the most severe within a short distance from the intersection, implying the likeliness of severe reliability degradation in safety applications targeted to intersection scenarios. This dissertation addresses the case of non-safety applications by proposing a generic framework as a capstone architecture for the development of new applications and the evaluation of existing ones. This framework, while being independent from the underlying networking technology, enables accurate characterization of the various information dissemination tasks that a node performs individually and in cooperation with others. As the central element of the framework, we propose a game theoretic model to describe the interaction of meeting nodes aiming to exchange information of mutual or social interests. An adaptive mechanism is designed to enable a mobile node to measure the social significance of various information topics, which is then used by the node to prioritize the forwarding of information objects. Our study reveals that the physical structure of the network is not the sole factor driving the behaviour of the dissemination task. Instead, the logical structure characterized by the contact and interest patterns of the participating nodes is the key influential factor. Highlighted Findings X In our study of radio overlapping and channel load in the urban traffic scenario, we found a strong evidence that the use of data rates in the lower part of the nominal range specified for VANETs operation in the DSRC/WAVE standard is highly questionable in urban areas when the wireless transmission range grows to the required coverage of long range applications. (Chapter 3) X In our study of the reliability performance in the urban scenario, we observe that the worst case results take place in positions behind the traffic light queue where vehicles are decelerating from high velocity. It is notable that, from a traffic safety point of view, these positions are arguably the most important for timely alerting of dangerous traffic conditions, and their lower reliability may correspondingly lead to an increased risk of serious incidents. (Chapter 4) X In our study of the hidden terminal problem in safety-critical traffic scenarios, we observe that the hidden terminal interference causes a significant decline in the reachable distance of broadcast safety messages, which in several cases drop to distances shorter than the minimum required coverage of medium range safety applications. (Chapter 5) X Our study of the hidden terminal problem in traffic scenarios with the presence of intersections reveals that the aggregate interference power induced by hidden terminals may amount to values several times larger than the induced interference power in an equivalent road scenario, but in the absence of intersections. Our results also show that the most severe interference occurs within a short distance (∼ 200 meters) from the intersection center. These observations indicate the likeliness of severe reliability degradation in safety applications targeted to intersection scenarios. (Chapter 5) X In our study of information dissemination in non-safety applications, we observe that the physical structure of the network is not the sole factor driving the outcome behaviour of the dissemination task. Instead, the logical structure formed by the contact and interest patterns of the participating nodes is the key influential factor. (Chapter 7)


We propose a constant modulus 4D format as an alternative to DP-8QAM. It has 0.4dB lower SNR at BER = 10-2, and 1 dB higher span loss budget in nonlinear regime.


The objects of fullerene science - fullerenes, metallofullerenes & other fullerene endohedrals, and nanotubes - are discussed in a wider context of nanoscience and nanotechnology applications for molecular memories and quantum computing. The emerging concepts are illustrated on C74-based endohedrals, especially Ca@C74, Ba@C74, and Yb@C74. A set of six C74 cages is considered, namely one cage with isolated pentagons, three isomers with a pentagon-pentagon junction, two structures with one pentagon-pentagon pair and one heptagon. Special interest is paid to the enthalpy-entropy evaluations for estimations of the relative as well as absolute populations.


PURPOSE
To assess the efficacy of treating submacular hemorrhages secondary to retinal arterial macroaneurysm with intravitreous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and gas.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Six consecutive patients (6 eyes) with submacular hemorrhage secondary to retinal arterial macroaneurysm were included in this study. Tissue plasminogen activator, at a dose of 50 microg/0.1 mL, was injected through the pars plana into the vitreous cavity. Gas (0.3-0.5 mL of perfluoropropane) instillation followed tPA injection, either immediately after injection or sometime during the next day.

RESULTS
Best postoperative visual acuity improved in 5 of 6 eyes (83%) and was unchanged in 1 of 6 (17%) eyes. In 5 of 6 (83%) eyes, the procedure resulted in complete or partial displacement of submacular hemorrhage out of the foveal area.

CONCLUSIONS
Intravitreous injection of tPA and gas, followed by prone positioning of the patient, is an effective and simple treatment of submacular hemorrhage secondary to retinal arterial macroaneurysm. No complication occurred in this series.


Using selective media, an examination of 2400 hens' eggs was made to determine the incidence of Salmonella types in the egg or on the shell. The contents of 1000 eggs laids by a flock of presumably normal hens did not yield any representatives of the Salmonella group. Of a similar number of eggs produced by a flock of 55 known pullorum reactors, 61 were found to contain S. pullorum; no other Salmonella organisms were isolated. The exteriors of an additional 400 eggs obtained from the latter source failed to produce any Salmonella types.


Porosity is one of the major defects in aluminum ca stings, which results is a decrease of a mechanical properties. Porosity in aluminum alloys is caused by solidification shrinkage and ga s segregation. The final amount of porosity in alum inium castings is mostly influenced by several factors, as amount of hydrogen in molten aluminium alloy, cooling rate, melt temperature, m old material, or solidification interval. This article deals with effect of chemica l composition on porosity in Al-Si aluminum alloys. For experiment was used Pure aluminum and four alloys: AlSi6Cu4, AlSi7Mg0, 3, AlSi9Cu1, AlSi10MgCu1.


This article deals with CAI technolo gy utilization of chemical engineering fundamental design,which makes best use of multi-media skill and broadens the scope o f education and teach-ing.Combined with the use of AUTO -CA D software it will break through the s tudents' obstacles in thinking and improve the teaching le vel and effect.


In any renewable energy system, knowing about availability of resources is one of the main concern for scientists. In another words, challenge is when these resources are needed to be predicted. Forecasting solar radiation is one of the most noticeable unsettled case. By having a thought of forecasting solar radiation would be easier comparing to other renewable resources, because it is not related to wind speed or weather temperature. However, after this experiment it become more clear that, the amount of receiving radiation is proportional to weather alternative conditions such as movement of clouds, haze and even the density of them. In this paper, three different approaches were examined by using historical data to forecast solar radiation day by day. The three approaches are, exponential smoothing, seasonal forecast and feed forward neural network using MatLab. An important finding based on this experiment is that, forecasting radiation by using historical data is not fitting. Meaning to say that, by numbers alone, result of forecasting is getting close to random rather than being more realistic, because receiving radiation is affected by other aspects. For improving the prediction, a method is suggested in future studies.