For in excess of 100 years, photogrammetry has played a significant role in documenting the cultural heritage of nations and peoples. Many recent advances in the technique have enhanced the use of photogrammetry as a recording tool, enabling more complex representations of objects and moving access to the procedure from the expert to the interested user. Some of these recent developments include low cost digital photogrammetric systems, image sequence analysis, bundle adjustment and camera calibration procedures, and three dimensional laser scanning. An overview of some of these developments is given in this paper.


X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (X-CGD) is an immune deficiency that results from mutations in the gp91phox subunit of the phagocyte NADPH-oxidase. We have developed a modified RD114-pseudotyped simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac) vector encoding human gp91phox and report here that this vector efficiently targets peripheral blood-mobilized CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (PBSCs) from X-CGD patients, correcting the oxidase deficient phenotype. The majority of lentiviral gene transfer studies have relied on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1-derived vectors pseudotyped with the vesicular stomatitis virus G protein (VSV-G) envelope. Because HIV is a human pathogen, there are theoretical benefits to considering other types of lentivectors engineered from viruses less pathogenic for humans such as SIV-based vectors. In addition, the VSV-G envelope has some toxicity for cells, limiting the titers of vector that can be used. RD114/TR-pseudotyped SIV gp91phox encoding vector particles were transiently produced following transfection of 293T cells and concentrated by high-speed centrifugation achieving stock titers of 1.5 × 10E7 infectious units/ml. PBSCs from two patients with X-CGD (P1 and P2) were cultured and transduced (multiplicity of infection 2–3) overnight four times before transplantation into sublethally irradiated NOD/SCID mice on day 5 of culture. Ex vivo transduction efficiency was 40.5% and 46%, respectively. Cells maintained in culture showed a progressive decrease in marking over the first 9 days, after which marking stabilized at 22.7% (P1) and 27.1% (P2) out to day 26 of culture with an averaged copy number of 2.2–2.4 per transduced cell at that time. Compared to healthy control, 18–19% of myeloid colonies derived from patient CD34+ cells stained positive in the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test. Liquid cell cultures at 20 days were analyzed for production of reactive oxidative species using the flow cytometry dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR) assay. Cells from P1 demonstrated 15.3% and from P2 9.1% of the activity of healthy cells. At 6 weeks after transplant, analysis of mouse bone marrow (mBM) samples revealed human cell engraftment levels of 36.8–74% (CD45+ cells). Compared to analysis of mice transplanted with healthy human PBSCs, 10.5% (P1) and 7.3% (P2) of the myeloid cells (CD13+) developing from X-CGD CD34+ cells in the chimeric mBM expressed gp91phox transgene. Human CD34+ cells were isolated from mBM and grown in liquid culture or plated for colony assays. 2.1% (P1) and 1.2% (P2) of cultured cells were gp91phox positive at day 14 with an averaged copy number of 2.3–5.2 per marked cell. 4.8% and 3.6% of colonies derived from the same cells were positive in the NBT test. DHR assay at day 21 of culture demonstrated 2.7% (P1) and 2.0% (P2) of the activity of healthy cells. Linear amplification-mediated PCR retrieved multiple unique vector insertion sites in CD34+ cells from both patients isolated from chimeric mBM, without predominance of any one clone suggesting polyclonal marking. In conclusion, these data suggest that modified RD114-pseudotyped SIVmac-based vectors may be suitable for hematopoietic gene therapy for CGD and represent an alternative to HIV-1 based vectors. Studies are ongoing to further improve vector production titers to achieve higher transduction levels of PBSCs.


We studied the effect of magnetic-field induced birefringence of a 14% solution of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) in water at temperatures above the nematic-isotropic coexistence region. According to Landau-deGennes mean field theory, we expect to find a linear relationship between the inverse of the induced birefringence, n, and the quantity (T-T*), where T* is the stability limit of the isotropic phase. Using the 31 T resistive magnet at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, we observed that, as we increase the temperature above the coexistence region, we deviate from this linear dependence. Our data shows that n goes to zero, whereas Landau-deGennes predicts that $\Delta $n should decrease asymptotically. This may be due to the lack of isodesmic aggregate formation at a finite temperature above the coexistence region.


Abstract Information and data recently received from Chilean meteorological authorities provide an improved atmospheric pressure record for Easter Island for 1912–13 and 1942–67. This study indicates that variations in the difference of mean monthly sea level pressure between Easter Island and Darwin, Australia, provide a much more effective aid to forecasting extended periods of abnormally heavy rainfall over the central and western equatorial Pacific than our earlier approach which used just the Darwin pressure trend. The principal advantages of using this forecasting aid over the earlier method are that. 1) it provides a physically significant index with regard to atmospheric and hydrospheric circulation over the Indo-Pacific region, and more clearly reflects fluctuations associated with the Southern Oscillation; 2) it provides a 1–2 month increase in lead time for forecasts of abnormally heavy equatorial Pacific rainfall; and 3) it is much more effective over the 1943–61 period (when the Darwin pressu...


The purpose of this study was to assess sports and recreation participation of three communities in Botswana. A total number of 438 (228 men and 210 women) aged 18 to 40 years were randomly selected to participate in the study. A questionnaire was used to gather information about sports and recreation participation, participation in sports and recreation activities, using the integrated sports facilities and reasons for low participation in sports and recreation activities. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. The results showed that soccer, netball, watching TV and listening to music were the most popular non-competitive sports and recreation activities among both men and women. Furthermore, a low levels of participation that ranged from 0.0% to 47.4% in the other remaining non-competitive sports and recreation items were observed. Participation in sports using the integrated sports facilities was as follows: 17.7% for men and 11.8% for women in Molepolole, 23.2% for men and 2.9% for women in Serowe and 43.1% for men and 10.3% for women in Masunga. These low levels of participation were due to lack of awareness, lack of sports and recreation skills, lack of sports and recreation promotion, lack of sports and recreation facilities and lack of recreation personnel. For these low levels of participation to be addressed this study recommended the following: the introduction of various sports and recreation programmes, construction of additional sports and recreation facilities which should be accessible to all members of the community,, introduction of health and wellness programmes through sport and recreation, and training of personnel in sports and recreation programming. Key Words: Sports and recreation participation, communities, constraints, facilities, personnel, programmes, Botswana. AJPHERD Vol.10(4) 2004: 295-305


A field experiment consisting of bunch stalk feeding with different treatments on yield of banana cv. Grand Naine (G9) was conducted during 2022 in Ratnanagar-12, Jamunapur of Chitwan, Nepal. The experiment was laid in Random Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 7 treatments and 3 replications. Bunch fed with dipping the cut end in the combination of 500gm cow dung + 10g urea + 20g SOP + 15mg of GA3 + 100ml water resulted significantly higher finger length (20.36 cm), finger weight (0.18kg), finger diameter (36.28mm, bunch length (101.90 cm), bunch weight (32.37 kg), peel weight (19.05 g). and pulp weight (82.39 g) compared with control (without bunch stalk feeding). Thus, the research shows that the bunch feeding with 500gm cow dung, 10g urea, 20g SOP and 15mg of GA3 improves yield parameters of banana cv. Grand Naine.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 11(1): 25-29.


In this paper, we consider a depth inequality of Auslander which holds for finitely generated Tor-rigid modules over commutative Noetherian local rings. We raise the question of whether such a depth inequality can be extended for $n$-Tor-rigid modules, and obtain an affirmative answer for 2-Tor-rigid modules that are generically free. Furthermore, in the appendix, we use Dao's eta function and determine new classes of Tor-rigid modules over hypersurfaces that are quotient of unramified regular local rings.


Reaction of the bis-isonitrile complex [Mo2Cp2(μ-SMe)3(t-BuNC)2](BF4) (1) with n-BuLi (in hexane) produced the dealkylated derivative [Mo2Cp2(μ-SMe)3(t-BuNC)(CN)] (2) in quantitative yield. However...


The recent trend toward globalization of financial markets has resulted in a growing need for effective U.S. policies with respect to foreign banking organizations that conduct business with U.S. persons or within U.S. territory. These foreign financial entities typically fall within the jurisdiction of both the U.S. and their home countries. Due to concerns that excessively risky activities of foreign entities could adversely affect U.S. markets, the Dodd-Frank Act defaults toward the National Treatment Model, mandating that all foreign entities within U.S. jurisdiction comply with U.S. regulations in addition to their home country regulations. However, the Dodd-Frank approach creates problems due to variations in financial regulations among jurisdictions — U.S. regulations are often redundant or in conflict with the entities' host country rules. This article therefore recommends that U.S. agencies develop a policy that would: permit efficient transactions with jurisdictions that previously had conflicting regulations; reduce costs associated with complying with duplicative regulations; and minimize the risk of contagion to U.S. markets.This article will evaluate several potential regulatory frameworks for international entities — specifically harmonization, minilateralism, mutual recognition, and outcome-based substituted compliance — in the areas of entity registration; prudential standards, such as capital adequacy and liquidity; and transaction requirements, such as margin. Substituted compliance is a policy in which international financial institutions with operations in the U.S. could be deemed in compliance with U.S. law and regulations by complying with their host countries' regulations, provided that the regulations in the host country are declared to be "equivalent" to their U.S. counterparts. If correctly implemented, substituted compliance could be the most effective framework for achieving the desired policy objectives in the areas of entity registration and over-the-counter derivative transactions. However, despite the benefits of substituted compliance, this article recognizes the lack of viability of substituted compliance with respect to prudential requirements until U.S. regulators have increased confidence in foreign regulators' abilities to control contagion. This article suggests potential reforms that could provide such confidence.


Electronic commerce has grown into a vital segment of the economy of many nations. It is a global phenomenon providing markets and commercialization opportunities world-wide with a significantly reduced barrier to entry as compared to global marketing in the 20th century. Providing protocols to secure such commerce is critical and continues to be an area for both scientific and engineering study. Falsification, fraud, identity theft, and disinformation campaigns or other attacks could damage the credibility and value of electronic commerce if left unchecked. Consequently, cryptographic methods have emerged to combat any such efforts, be they the occasional random attempt at theft or highly organized criminal or political activities. This chapter covers the use of cryptographic methods and emerging standards in this area to provide the necessary protection. That protection, as is common for web-based protocols, evolves over time to deal with more and more sophisticated attacks. At the same time, the provision of security in a manner convenient enough to not deter electronic commerce has driven research efforts to find easier to use and simpler protocols to implement even as the strength of the cryptographic methods has increased. This chapter covers current standards, looking at several facets of the secure commercialization problem from authentication to intrusion detection and identity and reputation management. Vulnerabilities are discussed as well as capabilities. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61520-783-1.ch008


Computational optical systems allow novel architectures for capturing real world in multiple dimensions and showing it on displays which enable 3D perception. In this talk, I explore integral displays, issues of human perception and capture methods. OCIS codes: (110.0110) Imaging systems; (110.6880) Three-dimensional image acquisition; (110.1758) Computational imaging; (330.7321) Vision coupled optical systems


This research aimed at improving reading comprehension skill on news item text through of the tenth grade students of SMK LKIA Pontianak in academic year 2012/2013 using Think Pair Share. Think Pair Share (TPS) is one of cooperative teaching strategies which can encourage students to actively engage in the class. In order to achieve the students improvement, action research was conducted in four cycles. During the action it was found that the students mean score improved from one cycle to another. The mean score of students reading comprehension in the first cycle was 41.25, the second cycle was 45, the third cycle was 63.5 and the fourth was 68. Those four mean scores had proved that Think Pair Share succeeded to improve the students reading ability on news text item.


This is an extended overview of the "Reactive Halogens in the Marine Boundary Layer (RHaMBLe) Programme" which addresses the study of photochemical processes in the north-east tropical Atlantic atmosphere and the role of halogen chemistry on rad-ical reactions and the oxidative capacity of the lower atmosphere. The "RHaMBLe" research programme includes a set of long term measurements at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory and two, simultaneous, intensive spatial experimental cam-paigns; one, horizontally, across the eastern Atlantic, between Cape Verde and the Iberian Peninsula, using an heavily instrumented research ship; the other, vertically, across the boundary layer and the free troposphere with an instrumented aircraft. This paper describes the objectives and scientific context of the research programme and makes a general introduction to the details of measurements and results, which


Some intermediate cadres are retired every year in grassroots units.Their average age is more than 50 years old,Their body is generally better and more energetic,but there are many psychological problems among them,main characteristics are role maladjustment,anxiety,sesitive interpersonal relationship,loneliness and frustrated,hostility and paranoia.The paper analyzed the causes of these psychological problems to pertinently put forward to intervention countermeasures for promoting mental health to maintain the physical and mental health of the grassroots units retired intermediate cadres,improve the quality of life.It provides reference basis for better developing mental health service for the retired intermediate cadres at grassroots unit.


The aim of this paper is to characterize Zn and Mn of spent alkaline and zinc-carbon batteries by using chemical analysis,BCR analysis,SEMEDS and XRD analysis after having dismantled the batteries into the anode and cathode components. Experimental results have shown that,Mn and Zn accounted for 49.2% and 10.3% of the mass of anode material in spent alkaline batteries respectively,and they were present as hetaerolite( Zn Mn2O4) in the tetragonal hausmannite-type structures. Zn accounted for 52.5% in the cathode material in the form of Zn O. In contrast,in spent zinc-carbon batteries,Mn and Zn accounted for 41.8% and 25.2% of the mass of hybrid electrolytes,and they existed in the form of Zn Mn2O4,Mn O2,Zn5( OH)8Cl2·H2O and Zn( NH3)2Cl2. BCR experiment indicated that Mn of anode material in alkaline batteries and hybrid electrolytes in zinc-carbon batteries were present almost entirely as residual which was difficult to extract by using acidolysis method; however,Zn of the cathode material in A-A batteries was liable to recycle.


Primary monolyer cultures of adult rat hepatocytes can be induced to undergo DNA synthesis in serum‐free medium in the presence of insulin, glucagon, and epidermal growth factor (three factors). We have found that hepatocyte DNA synthesis is affected not only by an endogenous stimulant produced by the hepatocytes and released into the culture medium. Serum has a strong inhibitory effect on hepatocyte DNA synthesis. Partially purified human platelet extract ("platelet inhibitor") inhibits the three‐factor‐induced DNA synthesis in a concenration‐dependent manner. Pure βTGF at 0.5 ng/ml as well as HPLC‐purified PDGF at 10 ng/ml completely inhibit the three‐factor‐induced DNA synthesis. Determination of the time required for the presence of the three factors and the platelet inhibitor to exert their effects indicated that the inhibition of DNA synthesis is caused not by competition of the platelet inhibitor with any of the three factors but through an independent pathway. Hepatocyte DNA synthesis is density‐dependent and is greater if medium is not changed during the course of an experiment than if medium is changed daily. Hepatocyte‐conditioned medium is also affective in stimulating DNA synthesis beyond the level induced by the three factors. These results suggest that an endogenous stimulant for hepatocyte DNA synthesis is produced by the hepatocytes themselves. Our studies demonstrate that hepatocyte DNA synthesis is subject to both stimulatory and inhibitory controls. Unlike the three factors, the endogenous stimulant can overcome the inhibition by the platelet inhibitor, suggesting the importance of these factors in the physiological control of hepatocyte DNA synthesis.


Effects of radiation and convective heat transfer on the wall temperature distributions in an asymmetrically-heated parallel plate channel with gas flowing through it


A 3D printing technology that facilitates continuous printing along a combination of cartesian and curvilinear coordinates, designed for in vivo and in situ bioprinting is introduced. The combined cartesian/curvilinear printing head motion is accomplished by attaching a biomimetic, flexible, "tendon cable" soft robot arm to a conventional cartesian three axis 3D printing carousel. This allows printing along a combination of cartesian and curvilinear coordinates using five independent stepper motors controlled by an Arduino Uno with each motor requiring a microstep driver powered via a 12V power supply. Three of the independent motors control the printing head motion along conventional cartesian coordinates while two of the independent motors control the length of each pair of the four "tendon cables" which in turn controls the radius of curvature and the angle displacement of the soft printer head along two orthogonal planes. This combination imparts motion along six independent degrees of freedom in cartesian and curvilinear coordinates. The design of the system is described together with experimental results which demonstrate that this design can print continuously along curved and inclined surfaces while avoiding the "staircase" effect, which is typical of conventional three axis 3D printing along curvilinear surfaces.


The article presents the results of the study of the dynamics, state and structure of Ukraine's foreign trade with the countries of the European Union. The foreign economic activity of Ukraine under the terms of the Association Agreement and free trade zones, the application of the trade part of which began in January 2016, is considered. It was found that a characteristic feature of recent years is the deindustrialization of exports and the consolidation of its agricultural specialization. It is demonstrated that the domestic economy continues to establish itself in international markets as a key agricultural player. The relations between Ukraine and the EU are studied. It is highlighted that Ukraine is considered an important political and trade partner of the European Union. It has been proven that the EU is striving for ever closer relations with Ukraine, going beyond just cooperation, to gradual economic integration and deepening political cooperation. The analysis of the commodity structure of Ukraine's foreign trade in 2020 and showed that the main goods focused on the international market were vegetable products, base metals and articles thereof, machinery and equipment, mineral products, fats and oils of vegetable and animal origin, chemical products, land vehicles, aircraft, floating vehicles. It is determined that the largest share in the structure of exports and imports of services was occupied by services for processing material resources, transport services, telecommunications services, computer and information services, business services, royalties and other services related to the use of intellectual property, services related to financial activities. The study singles out such European countries as Germany, Poland, Italy and the Netherlands as Ukraine's main foreign trade partners. It is proved that the situation with trade between Ukraine and the EU does not seem very clear, that the structure of exports remains mainly raw materials and low-tech. It has been proven that the reduction of EU import duties has not led to significant changes in the structure of foreign trade, that there is a negative foreign trade balance for most groups of goods and services, which negatively affects the balance of payments and economic growth. It is proved that multilateral cooperation with the European Union today fully corresponds to the natural geopolitical direction of Ukraine's integration strategy and is one of the main practical means of forming an effective open economy.


As an academic vehicle, social science journals undoubtedly play an important role in cultural communication. And with the development of research in the humanities and social sciences in China, universities' social science journals have also undergone rapid development; there are still problems, however, including limited regional authorship, lack of individuality, small circulation, and a tendency toward pan-politicization, that hinder the further development of our journals. The article discusses solutions to these problems, including strict peer review, an emphasis on journals' individuality, a strengthening of journals' market awareness, and the expediting of internationalization.


The Yardantsi Reservoir, Gusau Nigeria serves multitude of purposes for the Gusau populace. It is the main source of water for domestic purpose, irrigation, and fishing. The reservoir receives both organic and inorganic waste through runoffs and seepage from the catchment areas. The physico- chemical parameters of the surface water were investigated monthly from May, 2015 to April, 2017. Samples were collected from five sampling stations and analyzed using standard procedures for examination of water and waste water. The data obtained was subjected to multivariate analysis using Microsoft office excels and SPSS. The results showed the following mean seasonal variation of surface water temperature (26.62±0.34– 30.12±0.17ᴼC),transparency (48.82±1.08- 22.07±0.87cm), mean depth (2.12±0.05-2.65±0.04m), pH (7.61±0.15-7.96±0.13), electrical conductivity (186.32±3.84- 108.05±5.43µS/cm), total dissolved solids (96.00±1.95- 63.70±3.68mg/L), dissolved oxygen (7.80±0.11-6.91±0.10mg/L), biochemical oxygen demand (2.71±0.09-2.48±0.05mg/L), alkalinity (40.57±0.69–27.87±0.51mg/L), hardness (59.20±1.01– 32.18±0.94mg/L), NO3-N (2.28±0.08-4.44±0.07mg/L), PO4-P (123.72±1.44-173.48 ± 2.78 mg/L), sulphate (31.62±1.45-71.80±1.82mg/L)  and chloride (74.08±1.67- 37.64±0.96mg/L) for dry and rainy seasons respectively. The results revealed that a highly significant seasonal variation (p<0.01) was exhibited in all parameters with the exception of pH which shows no significant seasonal variation (p>0.05) and biochemical oxygen demand, which shows a significant seasonal variation (p<0.05). The results of this survey showed that the parameters observed indicated that most of them fall within the recommended range set by World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ).Keywords: Dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, pH, reservoir, temperature


This paper describes a zeroth-order resonating (ZOR) open-ended metamaterial (MTM) antenna with dual-band features with improved gain and broadside radiation characteristics. This new MTM antenna implemented using closed ring resonator (CRR) as shunt element is examined. The novelty of the design is the use of artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) and perfect electric conductor (PEC) reflector below the dual-band MTM antenna to enhance gain and also enhance radiation performance. The concern of low gain is rectified using left-handed AMC having reflection phase −90° to +90° from 2.31 GHz to 2.4 GHz. The same reflector provides around 180° reflection phase from 3.4 GHz to 3.72 GHz, thus acting as PEC. The design principle is based on the placement of AMC at a distance less than λ0/4 and PEC at distance of λ0/4 below MTM antenna. The antenna gives directive radiation pattern with 3.78 dBi and 5.48 dBi increase in gain resulting in maximum gain (with radiation efficiency %) of 5.5 dBi (71.3%) and 7.1 dBi (89%) at 2.34 GHz and 3.52 GHz respectively. It provides an electrical size of radiator as low as 0.15 λ0 × 0.23 λ0 × 0.013 λ0 and overall volume 0.42 λ0 × 0.42 λ0 × 0.174 λ0. The antennas are fabricated and the simulated results are verified through measurement making them suitable for LTE (2.3 GHz–2.4 GHz), WiMAX (3.4 GHz–3.8 GHz) and WLAN/WiFi applications.


Geo‐composite cellular structures are an efficient technological solution for various applications in civil engineering. This type of structure is particularly well adapted to resisting rockfalls and can act as a defensive structure. However, the design of such structures is for the most part empirically based; this lack of research‐based design stagnates optimization and advanced development. In this paper, the mechanical behaviour of a geo‐composite cellular structure is investigated using a multi‐scale approach, from the individual cell made up of an assembly of rocky particles contained in a wire netting cage to the entire structure composed of a regular array of cells. Based on discrete modelling of both the cell and structure scales, a computational tool has been developed for design purposes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


To indicate that a referent is minimally distinguishable from a previously mentioned antecedent speakers can use contrastive intonation. Commonly, the antecedent is shared with the listener. However, in natural discourse interlocutors may not share all information. In a previous study we found that typically developing speakers can account for such perspective differences when producing contrastive intonation. It is known that in autism the ability to account for another's mental state is impaired and prosody is atypical. In the current study we investigate to what extent speakers with an autism spectrum disorder account for their listeners when producing contrastive intonation. Results show that typical and autistic speakers produce contrastive intonation similarly although both groups differ with respect to other aspects of prosody.


This thesis shows the position of bilingual pupil in the classroom, defines it in his identity, defines the specific of ethnically mixed parenting and educational approach to bilingual children.


Because college students who have accomplished developmental tasks less effectively may be at risk for detrimental behavior such as binge eating, we examined emotion regulation as a mediator of attachment insecurity and binge eating. Based on undergraduate and graduate student responses to a Web-based survey (N = 381), structural equation modeling revealed that attachment insecurity and binge eating were associated and mediated by emotion regulation. Implications for college student counseling and development are discussed.


Thin iron overlayers on ferromagnetic samples are shown to be nonintrusive probes of the magnetization of the underlying sample when using spin‐polarized secondary‐electron emission for domain microscopy. Domain images of the iron overlayer show that the local magnetization direction is indicative of that in the sample. The magnitude of the spin polarization, however, reflects the magnetization of the iron overlayer. Thus, for materials with low spin polarization, the iron overlayer provides a large signal enhancement. The method is also applicable to oxidized transition‐metal surfaces. The iron film is found to be exchange coupled to the substrate across oxide layers on the sample surface. These points are demonstrated in experiments with an Fe〈100〉 whisker and with a Co‐Ni alloy magnetic disk.


To satisfy requirements in traffic control caused by trends observed in contemporary local area networks, their communication subsystems should be designed based on careful analysis of users requirements and available solutions. First of all the analysis should take into account the characteristics of traffic generated by networks' users and supported within the network by various communication techniques. The aim of the paper is to present a model of a segmented communication subsystem of a local area network and an analysis of traffic in such an integrated subsystem. Similar tools are applied to meet and satisfy various users requirements and to improve the quality of communication services delivered by both local and wide area networks within integrated corporate solutions.


In the conditions of the globalization of economies the issue of financial stability, which is a condition for the economic security of the state, has acquired a special significance. The aim of the article is to determine the importance of the role of financial stability for maintaining economic security and economic growth and to validate the role of the Safety Network Institution in maintaining stability.


A data base containing meteorological observations from the People`s Republic of China (PRC) is described. These data were compiled in accordance with a joint research agreement signed by the United States Department of Energy and the PRC Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) on August 19, 1987. CAS`s Institute of Atmospheric Physics (Beijing, PRC) has provided records from 296 stations, organized into five data sets: (1) a 60-station data set containing monthly measurements of barometric pressure, surface air temperature, precipitation amount, relative humidity, sunshine duration, cloud amount, wind direction and speed, and number of days with snow cover; (2) a 205-station data set containing monthly mean temperatures and monthly precipitation totals; (3) a 40-station subset of the 205-station data set containing monthly mean maximum and minimum temperatures and monthly extreme maximum and minimum temperatures; (4) a 180-station data set containing daily precipitation totals; and (5) a 147-station data set containing 10-day precipitation totals. Sixteen stations from these data sets (13 from the 60-station set and 3 from the 205-station set) have temperature and/or precipitation records that begin prior to 1900, whereas the remaining stations began observing in the early to mid-1900s. Records from most stations extend through 1988. These data canmore » be used in defining regional climate changes, establishing relationships between regional and large-scale climates, studying the climatic impacts of urbanization and increased concentrations of greenhouse gases, and in assembling large-scale climate data bases. Additional uses could include examining impacts of periodic events such as volcanic eruptions or the El Nino/Southern Oscillation. These data sets represent the most comprehensive, long-term instrumental Chinese climate data currently available.« less


It is well-known that the real number system can be characterised as a topological space [1], [3], as an ordered set [2], and as an ordered field [4]. It is the aim of this note to give two characterisations of the system purely as a field (see Theorems 4 and 9) without any extra notion of order, topology, et cetera.


The Agricultural machinery labor-capital collective system is one kind of institutional innovation that fit in with the agriculture and rural economy development under the new situation. As a kind of new agricultural machinery economic organization form, this system has vital significance for innovate agriculture management system; accelerate tradition agriculture changing to modern agriculture and push forward rural area modernization. So the author analyzed the incentive of agricultural machinery labor-capital collective system, different organization form from different property right main body, and the advantage of institutional innovation. This socialization and enterprise agricultural machinery development road will certainly become important development direction of agricultural machinery socialized services organization in our country.


Pronunciation is the pronunciation of language, the carrier of language symbols and the foundation of learning language. College English pronunciation teaching aims to help students develop their sense of English language and improve their English pronunciation and intonation level, especially important for English majors. Only by learning English pronunciation knowledge, can we improve our English listening, speaking, reading and writing skills and get better English application level. However, there are still some problems in English pronunciation teaching in colleges and universities, and the teaching effect is not significant, which needs further optimization and improvement. This paper first analyzes the current situation of English pronunciation teaching in colleges and universities, and then discusses the implementation path of English pronunciation teaching, with a view to constructing an effective English pronunciation teaching mode, aiming to play an important role in English pronunciation teaching.


Average allocation of data rate to each user is inefficient since the resource a base station can allocate is limited. Thus, user selection and user scheduling need to be applied into multi-user massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) downlink system. In this paper, we mainly focus on the methods of user selection. First, we establish a downlink system model including transmission model and channel model. Then, two user-rate based user selection algorithms via the signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) are proposed, where the SINR is generated by MRC beamforming. Finally, simulation results are provided to compare the performance of two proposed algorithms and their fairness towards selected users. In the simulation results, location-based selection algorithm and random selection algorithm are jointly compared. The second proposed algorithm possesses the highest total sum-rate and is the optimal algorithms among the four algorithms.


In automated storage and retrieval systems (ASRS), adopting wireless power transfer (WPT) technology is an available way to avoid the drawbacks of the contact power supply system for multiple stackers. When stackers are dropping goods, it is meaningful to recycle the power generated by the motors and feedback to the other stackers or the ground power supply for improving the overall efficiency of ASRS. This article proposes a bidirectional WPT (BD-WPT) system for multiple receivers. Based on the values of transmission power and the power flow directions of receivers, a general model of the BD-WPT system is established with identifying the system operation modes and their boundaries. To achieve flexible switching among different operation modes and adapt the required transmission power with maximum efficiency point tracking (MEPT), a control strategy of the BD-WPT system is proposed. In the 2-kW experimental prototype built, the power demands can be met in real time, and the power fed back by the stackers can be supplied to other loads or recycled by the ground power supply with good dynamic performance. Compared with the system without MEPT, the efficiency of the proposed system is improved by 26.7% at most, and the maximum efficiency achieves 96.4%.


Permeable pavements for sustainable stormwater management and source control have been furthered and investigated in Germany for many years. In particular the runoff from streets and parking areas with low traffic densities can be permitted to infiltrate with the aid of concrete pavers with wide joints. But runoff from traffic areas contains pollutants such as heavy metals and hydrocarbons that can endanger the soil and groundwater. Furthermore solids in stormwater runoff bring about clogging. Since clogging is a well known problem, it is not clear how long permeable pavements provide sufficient infiltration capacity and which factors must be considered at planning and construction if a long service life of the systems is to be ensured. Investigations on the hydraulic behaviour and the pollutant transport were carried out on a car park of a sports facility. Parts of the traditional pavement of the car park were reconstructed with trenches covered with permeable pavers. The ratio of impermeable to permeable area is 16:1. The infiltration capacities of the pavers after three years of operation and the water quality along the path from rainwater and runoff to seepage water and groundwater were observed. Additional laboratory rigs were charged with an artificial runoff to determine the pollution retention capacities of different substrates. It is concluded that the system is not satisfactory in respect of its hydraulic behaviour but that it works very efficiently in respect of pollution retention.


Part 1 Overview: The nexus of feedback and improvement. Part International perspectives: Student feedback in the US and global contexts Student feedback in higher education: a Malaysian perspective Improving university teaching through student feedback: a critical investigation Student feedback in the Australian national and university context. Part 3 Tools and administration: Tools for effective student feedback Web-based or paper-based surveys: a quandary? Inclusive practice in student feedback systems Action and the feedback cycle.


Anther development of six photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice cultivars was observed and compared, using the methods of morphological anatomy, and their pollen fertility was investigated starting from the heading stage. The results showed that all the male sterile lines had much smaller tapetal cells and thinner cytoplasm than the control variety in phase V of their anther development and had smaller cavity of anther connective fascicular vessels and the sieve vessels and smaller fascicular sheath cells. At phase Ⅷ, the boundary between the phloem and the xylem in the anther connective vascular bundle remained unclear and the anther wall became thicker.


We present Very Large Array observations of NH3 (1,1) and (2,2) in a sample of six infrared-dark clouds (IRDCs) with distances from 2 to 5 kpc. We find that ammonia serves as an excellent tracer of dense gas in IRDCs, showing no evidence of depletion, and the average abundance in these clouds is 8.1 × 10−7. Our sample consists of four IRDCs with 24 μm embedded protostars and two that appear starless. We calculate the kinetic temperature of the gas in IRDCs and find no significant difference between starless and star-forming IRDCs. We find that the bulk of the gas is between 8 and 13 K, indicating that any embedded or nearby stars or clusters do not affect the gas temperature dramatically. Though IRDCs have temperatures and volume densities on par with local star formation regions of lower mass, they consist of much more mass which induces very high internal pressures. In order for IRDCs to survive as coherent structures, the internal pressure must be balanced by a confining pressure provided by the high concentration of molecular clouds in the spiral arm in which they reside. The high molecular concentration and pressure are roughly consistent with gas dynamics of a bar galaxy.


Experimentally measured temperature profiles along the micron-scale beam of a working thermal actuator are reported for the first time. Using a surface Raman scattering technique, temperature measurements are obtained in a noncontact fashion with submicron spatial resolution and to within an uncertainty of better than ±10 K. The experimental data are used to validate computational predictions of the actuator thermal performance with reasonable agreement between the data and predicted temperatures.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


Acetylation of a transcription factor has recently been shown to play a significant role in gene regulation. Here we show that GATA‐3 is acetylated in T cells and that a mutation introduced into amino acids 305–307 (KRR‐GATA3) creates local hypoacetylation in GATA‐3. Remarkably, KRR‐GATA3 possesses the most potent suppressive effect when compared with other mutants that are disrupted in putative acetylation targets. Expressing this mutant in peripheral T cells results in defective T‐cell homing to systemic lymphnodes, and prolonged T‐cell survival after activation. These findings have significant implications in that the acetylation state of GATA‐3 affects its physiological function in the immune system and, more importantly, provides evidence for the novel role of GATA‐3 in T‐cell survival and homing to secondary lymphoid organs.


The deposition of amyloid‐β (Aβ) contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Even at low levels, Aβ may interfere with various signaling cascades critical for the synaptic plasticity that underlies learning and memory. Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is well known to be capable of inducing the synthesis of activity‐regulated cytoskeleton‐associated protein (Arc), which plays a fundamental role in modulating synaptic plasticity. Our recent study has demonstrated that treatment of fibrillar Aβ at a nonlethal level was sufficient to impair BDNF‐induced Arc expression in cultured rat cortical neurons. In this study, BDNF treatment alone induced the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase‐Akt‐mammlian target of rapamycin (PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR) signaling pathway, the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein (4EBP1) and p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K), the dephosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2), and the expression of Arc. Interrupting the PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR signaling pathway by inhibitors prevented the effects of BDNF, indicating the involvement of this pathway in BDNF‐induced 4EBP1 phosphorylation, p70S6K phosphorylation, eEF2 dephosphorylation, and Arc expression. Nonlethal Aβ pretreatment partially blocked these effects of BDNF. Double‐ immunofluorescent staining in rat cortical neurons further confirmed the coexistence of eEF2 dephosphorylation and Arc expression following BDNF treatment regardless of the presence of Aβ. These results reveal that, in cultured rat cortical neurons, Aβ interrupts the PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR signaling pathway that could be involved in BDNF‐induced Arc expression. Moreover, this study also provides the first evidence that there is a close correlation between BDNF‐induced eEF2 dephosphorylation and BDNF‐induced Arc expression. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


A 66-year-old woman underwent right upper lobectomy with mediastinal lynphnode dissection for an adenocarcinoma of the lung. On the 5th postoperative day, she suddenly complained of dyspnea and went into shock. Pulmonary DSA revealed a marked decrease of pulmonary arterial flow in the left lung. High doses of urokinase and heparin were injected immediately and continued by intravenous infusion. One week later, her general condition was improved, and pulmonary DSA showed almost complete revascularization of the area supplied by the left pulmonary artery. The source of the embolus was thrombosis of the left common iliac vein. We ligated the vein 2 weeks after the attack. She recovered well and was discharged 6 weeks after the venous ligation.


Karen Morin, PhD, RN, ANEF, FAAN, is a professor emerita, College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI; Director of the Center for Nursing Inquiry, Bronson Methodist Hospital, Kalamazoo, MI; and visiting professor, Tanner Health System School of Nursing, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, GA. According to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN; 2014), approximately one million nurses are projected to retire between 2025 and 2030. Many of these nurses hold formal leadership positions in academic and health care organizations. As the resulting emphasis on leadership development becomes more focused, the questions foremost in our minds include "Who will assume leadership positions in the field of nursing?" and "How can we help prepare the next generation of nurse leaders?"


Twelve women who had received oestradiol implantation on demand for at least 15 years following hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy, underwent bone densitometry of hip and spine. Bone mass of hip and spine was significantly elevated above that of both the age matched mean to a degree hitherto undocumented. This suggests that oestrogen in high doses or over a long period may produce a true anabolic effect on bone mass.


We consider the generalized exclusion statistics in the Kondo problem. The thermodynamic Bethe ansatz equations have been used for a multicomponent system of particles obeying the generalized exclusion principle. We have found a relation between the derivative of the phase shift of the scattering matrix for Fermi particles and for particles characterized by generalized exclusion statistics. We show that the statistical matrix in the Kondo problem has a universal form in high and low temperature limits.


A multi-physics computations-based methodology for space debris hypervelocity impact (HVI) damage mitigation is presented. Specifically, improved debris mitigation through development of innovative, lightweight structural designs is described. The methodology has been applied to the design of the Solar Probe Plus (SPP) spacecraft to mitigate extreme solar microdust hypervelocity impacts (50-300 km/s) by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL). The methodology combines hydrocode computations of the complex, early-time transient material and structural responses with experimental hypervelocity impact data to directly obtain end-state damage predictions for the requisite hypervelocities that are in excess of available test capabilities (~10 km/s). The computations are validated in the low-velocity regime (<;10 km/s) by direct HVI testing and verified in the high-velocity regime (50-300 km/s) by comparisons with bounding energy calculations and extrapolations of Ballistic Limit Equations (BLEs). In addition to hydrocode computations, HVI experimental data and supporting structural/solid mechanics analyses are used to define the eventual damage. In addition to being able to treat realistic hypervelocities and spacecraft materials in layered and Whipple configurations systematically, the methodology provides the margin of safety for any design. Sample lightweight design calculations involving state-of-art and innovative protective materials are presented to demonstrate the methodology and its benefits.


The objective was to report the case of inclusion of a visually impaired in health education activities with the nurse as lector of an educational technology. It is a case study carried out in Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. The research was carried out from the theory of Virginia Henderson. He was diagnosed Deficit knowledge. They applied to the scales of NOC "knowledge - disease control and disease process" to evaluate the results. Nursing interventions were performed through an Educational Technology: flipchart on hypertension, treatment adherence and quality of life. The album dealt six activities of the NIC taxonomy. For the implementation of nursing intervention was developed a method with the following steps: general description of the figure, detailing the figures and focus on the main message represented. The nursing results showed that the process of education in inclusive health occurred. In terms of measurement, the NOC scales have demonstrated acquisition of knowledge about complications of hypertension.


A 2-yr study evaluated the efficacy of using dried distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) as a substitute for nitrogen (N) or N and phosphorus (P) fertilizer in stocker cattle grazing Plains Old World bluestem. Cattle were allotted to one of 4 treatments:1) Old World bluestem pastures with no N or P fertilizer and low stocking rate of 325 kg/ha (CONT), 2) Old World bluestem pastures fertilized with 90 kg/ha of N and no P with high stocking rate of 650 kg/ha (NFERT), 3) Old World bluestem pastures fertilized with 90 kg/ha of N and 40 kg/ha of P with high stocking rate of 650 kg/ha (NPFERT), and 4) unfertilized Old World bluestem pastures with the same stocking rate as NFERT and NPFERT with cattle receiving 0.75% BW of corn DDGS per day for a 5 day / week feeding schedule (DDGS). Average forage mass in yr 1 was 3,170 kg and yr 2 was 6,051 kg. In yr 1 final BW (P < 0.05), total BW gain (P < 0.05), overall ADG (P < 0.05), and gain/ha (P < 0.05) were greater for DDGS compared to CONT, NFERT, and NPFERT. Nitrogen recovery as cattle weight gain was greatest (P < 0.05) for CONT, and DDGS was greater than NFERT and NPFERT. In yr 2 there were no differences (P > 0.05) between final BW, total BW gain, or overall ADG between treatments. This may be due to greater forage mass in yr 2 from increased rainfall. Gain per ha was greater (P < 0.05) for DDGS, NFERT, and NPFERT compared to CONT and is due to increased stocking rates for those treatments. Nitrogen recovery was greater (P < 0.05) for CONT, intermediate for DDGS, and lowest for NFERT and NPFERT. Dried distillers grains can be used as a substitute for forage and N fertilizer by improving performance and N recovery by stocker cattle grazing Old World bluestem.


We theoretically and experimentally show that simple periodic pyramid structures
 on the order of the wavelength can greatly enhance absorption for solar cell
 applications and potentially reduce silicon mass up to two orders of
 magnitude.


Seaweed has been gaining global interest in agriculture for the development of marine-based plant biostimulants. This research aimed to study the effect of three different liquid extracts of Sargassum sp., acidic, alkaline, and water extract, on the germination and early growth of maize and to evaluate the phytohormones content responsible for the growth. Phytohormones content including Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellins (GA), kinetin and zeatin were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and bioassay was performed twice on maize. Parameters observed on the bioassay were germination percentage, number of roots, shoot length, shoot weight and root weight under 4 different concentrations with 0.5; 1.5; 3.5; and 5% in the first bioassay and 3.5% concentration in the second bioassay. Both bioassays following randomized complete design and the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA using post hoc test of Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at error probability of 5% in Genestat software. Phytohormones content in the seaweed extract indicated that alkaline extract was rich in IAA, gibberellin, and zeatin content, while water extract showed the highest kinetin content. The first bioassay indicated that lower concentration of the seaweed extracts gave better growth in all extracts, therefore a 3.5% concentration was chosen for the second bioassay with higher replication for each treatment. The second bioassay confirmed alkaline extract resulted in the highest germination while the highest seedling height, number of roots, shoot and root weight were resulted from acidic extract treatment. In conclusion, Sargassum sp. extracts obtained from acidic, alkaline, and water-based extraction methods, were able to improve the shoot and root growth of maize plants. The acidic extract showed the highest growth promotion among other extracts with the lowest phytohormones content.


In this work the extraction of pulse time and amplitude from short pulse transients is analysed as they are recorded by a transient recorder ASIC called ATR16. Algorithms of di ff erent complexity are tested with simulated preamplifier data processed with a VHDL model of the ATR16 ASIC. It is shown that a time precision below 1 ns and a signal amplitude precision below 1 MeV energy equivalent is feasible.


This paper proposes a novel test method for the evaluation of thermal insulation capability of military cold-weather clothing. A new evaluation method for thermal insulation using a thermal manikin was developed, and the thermal insulation capabilities of various materials were tested using the proposed method. The experiment was conducted under environmental conditions similar to that of actual military operations. The thermal insulation capability and specific mass were evaluated for 31 innerwear and 9 outerwear items. The criteria for selecting the optimal winter clothing was proposed through the statistical analysis of the results of the experiments.


The generation of elevated concentrations of sulfide in sediment pore waters that are toxic to rooted macrophytes is problematic in both marine and freshwaters. In marine waters, biogeochemical conditions that lead to toxic levels of sulfide generally relate to factors that affect oxygen dynamics or the sediment iron concentration. In freshwaters, increases in surface water sulfate have been implicated in decline of Zizania palustris (wild rice), which is important in wetlands across the Great Lakes region of North America. We developed a structural equation (SE) model to elucidate key variables that govern the evolution of sulfide in pore waters in shallow aquatic habitats that are potentially capable of supporting wild rice. The conceptual basis for the model is the hypothesis that dissimilatory sulfate reduction is limited by the availability of both sulfate and total organic carbon (TOC) in the sediment. The conceptual model also assumes that pore water sulfide concentrations are constrained by the availability of pore water iron and that sediment iron supports the supply of dissolved iron to the pore water. A key result from the SE model is that variations in three external variables (sulfate, sediment TOC, and sediment iron) contribute nearly equally to the observed variations in pore water sulfide. As a result, management efforts to mitigate against the toxic effects of pore water sulfide on macrophytes such as wild rice should approach defining a protective sulfate threshold as an exercise tailored to the geochemistry of each site that quantitatively considers the effects of ambient concentrations of sediment Fe and TOC.


Hemodynamically significant stenoses are the most common precursors of graft failure.1,2 Approximately one-third of grafts develop stenoses.3 The majority of these lesions can be detected with color flow imaging and duplex ultrasonography during the first months following surgery. Stenoses are less likely to develop 1 year following surgery with only a small percentage being seen up to 24 months postoperatively. Grafts subsequently develop lesions at a rate of 2–3% per year.


The system of the state support of small and medium business in Russia as a condition of Russian economy modernization, theoretical and practical aspects of development in the Transbaikalian region, business support at level of local government are considered


Lead oxide nanoparticles doped with Mn2 + and S2ˉ were synthesized by Solvothermal method using lead acetate and urea as precursor. The obtained samples were characterized by XRD and Impedance studies. The average size of the prepared samples were determined using X-ray diffraction pattern and it was found to be 55nm for pure PbO, 30 nm for doped with Mn2 + and 45nm for S2ˉ. The electrical response was studied by impedance complex spectroscopy over a broad frequency range (1–1 MHz) at room temperature and it indicated the electrical properties of the materials are strongly dependent on frequency. Key Words-Nanoparticles, Lead oxide, Solvothermal method, Impedance Spectroscopy


WHEN she first realised that her daughter, Nada Musafir
Kelana, was dyslexic, it took Zulikha Jamaluddin time to come to terms with it. That was 13 years ago.


The IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks established itself as a leading forum for the presentation and exchange of ideas and results among researchers and practitioners in the field of wireless, mobile, and multimedia systems.


Thin films have been widely used in advanced high-technology manufacturing processes such as semiconductors, displays, and batteries. A representative method among non-destructive thickness measurement methods is a spectral reflectometer. An optical layout of the spectral reflectometer is compact with only a few optical components, and a mathematical model for analysis is also relatively simple. However, in order to find a thickness solution based on the model-based analysis, an initial value should be well chosen to cover. In addition, the analysis time takes longer for improving the thickness resolution due to large numbers of comparison. To overcome this practical difficulty, an artificial neural network algorithm with several different conditions such as number of hidden layers and nodes were designed and trained within a thickness range around 100 nm. The training data set and the validation data set were used by theoretically generating an interference spectrum based on the Fresnel equation. In this work, the spectral reflectometer was realized in a wavelength range of 355 nm to 657 nm based on our previous work. For quantitative analysis in this measurement, certified reference materials having a nominal thickness of 10 nm, 30 nm, 50 nm, and 100 nm silicon dioxide thin film was measured, and an uncertainty analysis was performed on the thickness measurement value determined through this. Uncertainty factors include measurement uncertainties related to the calibration of the spectral reflectometer in use, measurement repeatability, and artificial neural network algorithms.


Rate control plays a key role in a video encoder, and it has been a challenging research topic. In this paper, an adaptive variable length group of picture (GOP) level rate control algorithm for H.264 based on scene change detection is proposed. In the proposed algorithm, the length of current GOP changes adaptively with the occurrence of scene change, so that the entire sequence contains a fixed number of I frame to avoid the actual bit rate increasing. Furthermore, it adjusts the QP of the scene change frame to ease the pressure of the buffer. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm improves the video quality significantly on the basis of meeting bit rate constraints accurately, which shows better adaptability for sequences with scene change occurrence frequently. When compared with existed schemes, the average peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) improvement is more than 1.4 dB.


There are two types of ray tracing models of small-amplitu de progressive regular water waves refraction due to bottom depth variation and/or steady ambient currents. The previous available θ-type models are limited to current-depth refraction of long waves while the previous available k-type models are limited to wave refraction due to irrotational currents only. The purpose of this paper is to generalize the kinematical portion of both model types so as to extend their range of applicability to refraction of waves of all lengths: short, intermediate or long due to rotational or irrotational currents and arbitrary depth variation. The generalized two models are shown to give identical results; the k-type model computationally is twice as fast. Three numerical examples of wave refraction due to realistic combinations of the most complex case of current rotation and intermediate depth variation are considered to demonstrate the model predictive capabilities.


At fields over 10 000 gauss the effects of saturation in the Cosmotron magnet cause deterioration of the field pattern which rapidly becomes serious enough to cause complete loss of the proton beam. This pattern can be restored adequately up to 14 000 gauss by passing current through single‐layer windings on the faces of the magnet poles. Peak correction current required at 14 000 gauss is about 300 amp per radial inch of each winding. The pole‐face winding returns are so arranged that the winding is almost completely decoupled from the main magnetizing winding. The windings and their power supplies are in place but are not yet energized. Several turns of the winding are used in a self‐powered correction for the distortion of the magnetic median surface at injection fields.


Under the picture of acute inflammatory events of adnexa there may be sometimes be hidden diseases of the intestines. Out of them acute state of ileus is of utmost importance. State post appendectomy, atypical anamnesis and antiinflammatory treatment without effect is suspect of an ileus. An early laparotomy presents a low risk in such cases.


This article examines the effect of working time on women's willingness to go on expatriate assignments in the oil and gas exploration and production sector. The research draws upon an analysis of two case study firms' international assignment and working time policies, semi-structured interviews with 14 human resource staff responsible for policy design and implementation, and a survey of the views of 71 women expatriates, supported by in-depth interviews with 26 of the survey respondents. The research identifies an 'expat factor': assignees state that long hours are inherent in expatriation and necessary to further their careers. However, in practice, working time is not excessive and flexible working practices are utilised. Hours of work have little effect on women's decisions to undertake long-term assignments but alternatives such as short-term and commuter assignments are unpopular as their working patterns are disruptive to family life. This article contributes to theory development by linking two discrete frameworks that explain women's career choices when they strive to balance their career goals with their families and by identifying a career compromise threshold when expatriation is rejected in favour of family considerations. A model is proposed to link working time/patterns to women's international assignment participation.


A foot prosthesis that includes at least one spring element, an attachment member, and a heel member. The at least one spring element has a toe end portion, a heel end portion, an upper surface, and a lower surface. The attachment member is mounted to the upper surface and is configured to connect the foot prosthesis to a lower limb prosthesis component. A position of the attachment member is adjustable along a length of the at least one spring element. The heel member is mounted below the lower surface of the at least one spring element, and a position of the heel member is adjustable along the length of the at least one spring element.


This chapter presents an overview of the situation in which Mentawaians found themselves while the Archipelago was still part of the district of Padang-Pariaman. It addresses the problematic inter-ethnic relations between Mentawaians and Minangkabau people. The chapter briefly discusses government policies with regard to the Mentawaians as a typical group of people in Indonesian society. It discusses the genesis of a critical elite among the Mentawaians and what kind of activities they deployed under the banner of the local organizations IPPMEN and Yayasan Citra Mandiri. The chapter explores the creation of the district of Kepulauan Mentawai and the rush for putra asli daerah that ensued. It then discusses the role and position of both local NGOs and local communities. The chapter concludes with an overview of the political situation in the Mentawai Archipelago now that the initial turbulence raised by pemekaran has died down. Keywords: IPPMEN; Mentawai Archipelago; Mentawaians people; Minangkabau people; Padang- Pariaman; pemekaran ; putra asli daerah ; Yayasan Citra Mandiri


To improve the throughput performance of HF-PLC systems, a dual-mode transmission system, which utilizes the mode diversity of differential and common modes, has been studied by the authors. However, the system which uses the common-mode has a risk to cause the unintentional radiation problem. To solve the problem, an Adaptive power control method to the Electromagnetic Environment, which is called AEE, has been proposed. The radiation detection was achieved by receiving emitted PLC signals at affected (or concerned) devices. In this paper, a new detection method and a new mode-selection method have been proposed, and it is shown that their preliminary results are attractive from the viewpoint of usefulness.


Platinum hot-film sensors, whose typical size is 500nm wide × 10μm long × 40nm thick, are developed for investigating micro and nanoscale thermal events. This paper reports four kinds of applications with measurement principle, sensitivity analysis, and test results. Thermal conductivity of individual nanowire, represented by carbon nanotube, has been measured by bridging the specimen between the sensor and a heat sink. Here a new device is newly developed, which enables us to measure quantitatively both intrinsic thermal conductivity of the specimen and thermal contact resistance between the specimen and a target material. Focused beam-induced deposition is also measured by comparing the thermal conductance of deposited sensor and pristine one. Flow sensor is another application and we investigate the performance of carbon nanotube (CNT) fins deposited on the sensor by using dielectrophoresis technique to enhance the flow signal. The applicability of this sensor for measuring the thermal conductivity of fluid of very limited volume (femto-liter order) is also analytically studied.© 2012 ASME


Like many other developing countries around the world, China is witnessing a growing prominence of English in its school system. One immensely popular form of English provision in the country is Chinese–English bilingual education for majority-language students, which involves the varying use of English as a medium of instruction in the teaching of various school subjects. An overview of this recent development was presented in an earlier article (Hu, 2010). As its sequel, this article presents a critical analysis of the major driving forces behind the current craze for English-medium instruction in China.


An improved criterion model for principal components analysis (PCA) is proposed to achieve better correct identification rate when it is applied to the automatic structure classification (ASC) with electromagnetic scattering data. The PCA provides good efficiency for electromagnetic-based ASC. However, the traditional criterion of PCA is a rough model. It works well only when the feature vectors of each class are clearly separated and converge to a small region close to its feature center. This condition is hardly satisfied in a lot of practical applications. Therefore, an improved criterion of PCA for ASC is proposed to increase the correct identification rate compared to the traditional criterion model of PCA. Representative numerical results show the good performance of the proposed technique.


The utility model relates to a wall external thermal insulation structure which is characterized in that the surface of a wall is sequentially provided with a viscose layer, an insulating plate layer, a protective layer and a finish coat, wherein the insulating plate layer is an expanded polystyrene board containing graphite granules; the protective layer contains a rendering coat mortar layer and a fiberglass gridding cloth layer, and the rendering coat mortar layer wraps the fiberglass gridding cloth layer. As the expanded polystyrene board containing graphite granules is adopted as the insulating plate, the wall external thermal insulation structure leads the heat conductivity of the expanded polystyrene insulating board to reduce to 0.032W/m.K from the traditional 0.041W/m.K, thus greatly improving the insulating performance of the wall, and being capable of reducing the thickness of the traditional EPS plate by 20 percent on the basis of achieving the same energy saving effect; furthermore, the coatings of ceramic veneers or fake bricks and fake granites are adopted to carrying out veneer on the outer wall external thermal insulation system, so that the wall external thermal insulation structure has the characteristics of thermal insulation and energy conservation, and also good decoration effect.


ABSTRACT Rapidly urbanizing areas are challenged by a lack of information on urban growth in many parts of the earth. As the speed of building construction often exceeds traditional surveying methods, remote sensing can serve as a valuable input for the monitoring of urbanization processes. This study investigates changes in DaNang, Vietnam, between 2015 and 2017 identified based on photogrammetric analysis of surface elevations retrieved from Pléiades very high-resolution imagery. In contrast to traditional post-classification change detection approaches, we propose a time-efficient method solely based on digital surface model differencing to identify newly constructed buildings as well as demolitions. It is therefore easy to apply and suitable for the continuation of outdated base data available to local authorities. High importance is addressed to the vertical matching of both surface models to avoid misdetections. After differencing these surface elevations, thresholds based on field measurements are applied to identify areas of change. A total of 10,800 changes were detected between 2015 and 2017, of which 8,531 were to newly constructed buildings. The study proves that changes in rapidly urbanizing agglomerations can be reliably identified by a simple and transparent approach by using elevation changes and expert-based knowledge on floor numbers and building heights.


Article 6(2) of the Treaty on European Union establishes that the Union "shall accede to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms." In early 2013, negotiators of the 47 Council of Europe member states and the European Union finalised a draft Accession Agreement that would allow the EU to accede to the Convention. In this article I examine the issues and challenges that EU accession poses from an international law perspective. Much of the literature on the EU accession has focused on the effect that this process will have on the EU legal order, including questions regarding its autonomy. Yet EU accession also raises important issues for international law. It is another example of an international organization taking part in a legal system designed exclusively for participation by state parties. To what extent should the EU participate on an equal footing with the other contracting parties, and when are special rules required to take into account the nature of the EU legal order? The article explores the broader issues that arise when the EU seeks to participate in its own right in the international legal order. It is submitted that the EU's accession to the ECHR is not only an important step for the EU legal order, but also a highly significant development for public international law.


Economic and financial institutions library carry out information literacy education in the forms of document retrieval course, new entrance education, library lectures, online information literacy education, knowledge competitions and cooperation information literacy education. On the basis of analysis of its problems, put forward four countermeasures: optimize information literacy education website, carry out information literacy education based on the reading section, vigorously promote the cooperation mode of information literacy education, and strengthen the capacity of subject information culture.


There have been significant reforms to civil procedure in the ACT within the past 12 months. First, there was the introduction of a docket management system in the ACT Supreme Court. What followed was a detailed case management system in both the Supreme and Magistrates' Courts which revolutionised what had become an ineffective system of managing cases.


Diabetes is one of the most serious chronic diseases prevalent in the world today. Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) comprises 80% to 90% of all diabetes cases[1]. The first accurate diabetes prevalence study commissioned in Australia led to a 2001 report by the International Diabetes Institute suggesting that almost one in four Australians aged 25 years and older had either diabetes or a condition of impaired glucose metabolism [2]. Diabetes deaths in 2006 were eight times higher in WA's Indigenous people than in non-Indigenous. Diabetes WA reports that in the 2007/08 financial year, 12.37% of all hospitalisations in Western Australia, i.e. 95,775 admissions, involved patients with diabetes, whether as a direct or associated condition [3]. Western Australia has the largest land area (2,532,400sq km) of any Australian State or Territory. Over 72% of Western Australia's population is located in Perth, where principal health care support facilities, medical treatment and pathology testing services are located [4]. Rural and remote communities in WA rely upon thinly-spread, mobility-dependent, over-stretched, illequipped and sometimes inaccessible, primary care resources; and on a relatively small cohort of Aboriginal Health Workers of Indigenous ethnicity. These adverse factors are compounded by comparably weak communications infrastructure, and sporadic development of telehealth services [2-3]. Andrew Phillips emphasizes the fact that 'health and its outcomes become worse as remoteness increases' [5]. Remote area Indigenous T2D patients in Western Australia (WA) are disproportionately at risk of developing chronic diseases compared with non-Indigenous people living in or close to urban areas [6]. The Australian 2008 Diabetes Model of Care publication repeatedly references education as a vital and consistent asset in the continuing effort to combat T2D in the Indigenous community [6]. The aim of the T2D patient is to routinely achieve a consistent and safe level of glycemic or 'metabolic' control. Many urban T2D patients self-manage their condition with Point of Care Testing (PoCT) in the home environment. PoCT and related disease management devices offer promise for improving patient health, saving time and expense, and remote monitoring care via ICT, provided that we are able to deliver sustainable and usable connectivity in the needy communities. Connectivity also means the ability to deliver knowledge. However, self-management through PoCT is not a viable option at this time for Indigenous Australians as inflexible westernized forms of communication have contributed to poor cross-cultural communications and inadequate clinical interactions. A valuable insight to miscommunication in the Australian Aboriginal healthcare dialogue context is illustrated by Cass et al, showing that miscommunication is pervasive, and that trained interpreters provide only a partial solution. A shared understanding of key concepts 'was rarely achieved' and 'miscommunication often went unrecognised'. The frequent phenomena of 'gratuitous concurrence' i.e. the patient answering a yes/no type question by offering a response that the patient thinks the health worker would prefer to hear, was very apparent from this study. One nurse remarked 'I never even considered that they might be saying "yo" (yes) when they are really saying "no". I never even thought of it.' [7]. This paper stems from research into conceptual modelling of an ICT system for management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in rural and remote Aboriginal communities in Western Australia (WA). The solutions proposed here embrace 'telehealth'. Usage of the word in the Australian context falls under the umbrella of the broader e-health applications environment as described by Maeder [8]. The proposition generating this paper however is that education and training of patients and health workers offers great promise for improving health in these communities, both as a precursor and a ubiquitous accompanying feature of the care functions delivered through the ICT-based framework. The learning process is a valuable by-product of the primary aim of facilitating better and more meaningful communication between the patient and medical practitioner; including familiarity and interaction with ICT PoCT devices and communications interfaces. Ultimately the integration of an ontology-supported framework is intended to help Indigenous patients' self-manage type 2 diabetes through improved and culturally appropriate medical consultation dialogue.


The passive millimeter wave imaging system contains some of the critical electronic circuits which are antenna, low noise amplifier, detector, and low pass filter. This imaging system is connected to the scanning system that can scan between 15.1◦ and 104.9◦ in the elevation axis and between –59.9◦ and 59.9◦ in the azimuth axis. As a result, the sky temperature can be obtained thanks to elevation axis. The temperature values depend on voltage values because of the system architecture. In this work, the passive millimeter wave imaging system gets the voltage values between 15.1◦ and 104.9◦ elevation angles but the analysis is made up to 90◦ because sky finishes at 90◦. There are some obstacles as buildings 70 m away from the scanning system but the distance is enough to measure the sky temperature. After getting the values from the system, the MatLab Computer Program is run according to these values; consequently, voltage–elevation angle graph or temperature (K) ×α–elevation angle graph is figured out. The experiment were done successfully at 11 a.m. on December 2, 2016 in Umuttepe, İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey and the weather temperature was 8.7 ◦C (or 305.4 K), and it was also very cloudy.


This essay reviews and synthesizes Jessie Bernard's writings on women, work, and family. Bernard's conceptualization of "two worlds"—one of women and one of men—provides the organizing theme, from which three major issues are derived: (a) the dilemmas of caring, (b) the feminization of work, and (c) work and family roles over the life course. Examining her historical perspective on these issues, her view of the present, and her vision of the future, the article raises unanswered questions in Bernard's work and suggests implications for future research on women's work and family roles.


This research aims to to determine the percentage value of spermatozoa abnormalities in Boer Goat frozen semen by adding a combination of streptomycin with sweet orange essential oil to tris yolk extender. The ingredients used in this study were fresh semen from Boer Goat, tris yolk extender, streptomycin, and sweet orange essential oil. Tris yolk extender is made using Tris (hydroxymethylaminomethane) (3.32 g), citric acid (1.86 g), fructose (1.37 g), glycerol (6 ml), egg yolk (20 ml), aquabides (100 ml). The study design was a non factorial completely treatments given were the addition of sweet orange essential oil at 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1%. The results showed that the addition of a combination of streptomycin and sweet orange essential oil into the tris yolk extender had a highly significant effect (P <0.01) on the percentage value of spermatozoa abnormalities of Boer Goats before and after freezing. The best average value of spermatozoa abnormalities is the addition of sweet orange essential oil at 1% (P4) with the percentage of spermatozoa abnormalities before freezing at 3% and after freezing at 6%.


The multiplicity percentile dependence of cumulants, of net-proton multiplicity distribution in Au$-$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = $ 200 GeV and Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = $ 2.76 TeV have been investigated using the Angantyr model (the heavy-ion extension of Pythia 8 model).The effects of the finite transverse momentum ($p_{T}$) and pseudorapidity ($\eta$) ranges on the net-proton cumulants have also been studied. Furthermore, the effect of hydrodynamic expansion and feed down from resonance decays were explored. It was found that radial flow has substantial impact on the cumulants and their ratios, while resonance decays have finite but relatively smaller effect. The obtained values of cumulants and their ratios with Angantyr model, where the formation of thermalised medium is not assumed can serve as a baseline for future measurements.


Predicting the rate of penetration (ROP) is a significant factor in drilling optimization and minimizing expensive drilling costs. However, due to the geological uncertainty and many uncontrolled operational parameters influencing the ROP, its prediction is still a complex problem for the oil and gas industries. In the present study, a reliable computational approach for the prediction of ROP is proposed. First, fscaret package in a R environment was implemented to find out the importance and ranking of the inputs' parameters. According to the feature ranking process, out of the 25 variables studied, 19 variables had the highest impact on ROP based on their ranges within this dataset. Second, a new model that is able to predict the ROP using real field data, which is based on artificial neural networks (ANNs), was developed. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the relationships between input parameters and ROP, this model was used to check the effect of the weight on bit (WOB), rotation per minute (rpm), and flow rate (FR). Finally, the simulation results of three deviated wells showed an acceptable representation of the physical process, with reasonable predicted ROP values. The main contribution of this research as compared to previous studies is that it investigates the influence of well trajectory (azimuth and inclination) and mechanical earth modeling parameters on the ROP for high-angled wells. The major advantage of the present study is optimizing the drilling parameters, predicting the proper penetration rate, estimating the drilling time of the deviated wells, and eventually reducing the drilling cost for future wells.


In this paper I have shown that a certain subgroup of psych-verbs in Icelandic, with two arguments, a Dative Experiencer/Beneficiary and a Nominative Theme, shows a variation regarding the realization of syntactic functions. This means that both arguments of these verbs can be realized as the syntactic subject and both arguments can be realized as the syntactic object. So far, the existence of verbs displaying the dual behaviour illustrated in section 2 has been a problem for transformational grammar (see however Platzack (this volume)), since rearrangement of grammatical functions can only take place via structure changing operations. Our verbs do not show any signs of having undergone such operations. Instead I have suggested a Construction-based account of the problem, in which we assume that our group of verbs associates with two syntactic constructions, where such pragmatic factors as topicality are responsible for the differences between the two. I have also argued for the superiority of Construction Grammar, and related frameworks, over transformational accounts, since the behaviour of our verbs follows naturally from the basic theoretical assumptions of Construction Grammar


In this paper, the 3D model of the centrifugal fan impeller will be obtained using CAD software (CATIA). The blade will be obtained with 4 design methods: constant blade width and variable blade angle; hyperbolic blade width and variable blade angle; hyperbolic blade width and constant blade angle; linear blade width and variable blade angle. A comparative analysis of the weight of the blade, as well as of the weight of the rotor composed by cascade of blades, front and rear shrouds will be presented. Two materials have been used for all the elements of the centrifugal fan impeller: steel and aluminium. For computational purposes the MATLAB programming language will be used. The centrifugal fan blade will be designed as untwisted geometry with =2 reference curves (one on the rear shroud and the other one on the front shroud) with different numbers of reference points ={5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50}. After running the MATLAB script file, the coordinates of reference points of the blade will be obtained for all 4 blade design methods. The transfer of the reference points coordinates from MATLAB workspace to CATIA has been performed using the automatic surface generation method, via an EXCEL macro file. This is the recommended method especially for a big number of reference points.


The thermal protection system (TPS) represents the greatest risk factor after propulsion for any transatmospheric mission. Any damage to the TPS leaves the space vehicle vulnerable and could result in the loss of human life as what happened in the Columbia accident. Aboard the current Space Shuttle no system exists to notify the astronauts or ground control if the thermal protection system has been damaged. The goal of this project is to add self-diagnostic capability to future spacecraft through the use of a fiber-optic network embedded in the TPS. This system of sensors would allow for the detection of region fracture, optical temperature measurement at different depths within the region, communication with neighboring regions, and detection of communication loss. The hardware that would be added to each region consists of a radiation-hardened microcontroller, fiber-optic sensors and power. Each region would have the ability of reporting its own damage as well as reporting a loss of communication with any of its neighboring regions. Such a network would provide continuous health monitoring of the TPS in real-time. The developed intelligent region technologies are readily adaptable to ablative thermal protective systems.


Direct evidence for postganglionic sympathetic nerve activation to blood vessels supplying skeletal muscle was sought by recording from the peroneal nerve of 13 volunteers with a 5-μ tipped tungsten needle. Eight subjects breathed through an anesthesia face mask connected to a semiclosed anesthesia circuit for two consecutive 10-min periods while 25% and 40% nitrous oxide (N2O) was administered sequentially. Five subjects served as controls and breathed equivalent concentrations of nitrogen. Blood pressure and central venous pressure were recorded from radial artery and jugular vein catheters. Forearm blood flow was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. Peroneal nerve recordings were amplified 100,000-fold and integrated for analysis of burst frequency. N2O did not significantly alter respiratory rate, end-tidal CO2 (mass spectrometry), and diastolic or central venous pressures but did produce small but significant increases in heart rate and systolic pressure compared to time—control (P < 0.05). In contrast, N2O was associated with progressive, large increases in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (peak % Δ = 69 ± 22 burst/min [X ± SEM]) and forearm vascular resistance (30 ± 4%) and a nonsignificant increase in plasma norepinephrine levels. Thus, brief exposure to 25% and 40% N2O produces striking increases in sympathetic outflow to skeletal muscle in humans.


We report an extensive study on the coordination behavior of chiral ditopic bridging ligands, which lead to metallosupramolecular polymers in the presence of Zn(II) and Cu(II) in solution. With the help of UV–vis and circular dichroism spectroscopies, we show that the metallopolymer sequence can be controlled by chirality and by the choice of the metal ion. Although the formation of a block metallopolymer proceeds through the assembly of homoleptic complexes, an alternate metallopolymer may be obtained only when heteroleptic complexes are formed. This demonstrates how the prevalent coordination geometries at metal centers may be used to control the sequences of the metallopolymers.


The first report of a corneal transplant which had remained transparent was published by Zirm (1905) sixty years ago. A little later there arose the question of the antigenicity of the cornea and the intolerance phenomenon associated with corneal transplants (Magitot, 1911 and Kraupa, 1912). But it is especially in the last decade that the corneal homograft reaction has attracted lively attention. Experimental homograft reaction of the cornea was provoked by Polack (1962) in the rabbit by additional implanting of the skin from the same donor subcutaneously. The initial alterations in the corneal homograft appeared in the periphery and the initial clouding was due to destruction of the endothelial cells by sensitised lymphocytes and plasma cells. Maumenee (1962) demonstrated that the regrafting of the corneal stroma and endothelium of the same donor rabbit caused a homograft reaction when implanted in the abdominal wall of a rabbit, but that an autograft failed to cause a corresponding round cell reaction. Corneal homograft reaction constitutes probably the most important reason for delayed clouding of the graft. The risk is especially great in heavily vascularised corneas. Prevention of homograft reaction can be attempted principally along two different lines: by altering the nature of the donor material, e. g. by freezing, desiccation, radiation, or serum pretreatment; and by damping the response of host tissues with radiation or immunosuppressive medications. The present study deals with the latter field. Corticosteroids have been found to exert a depressive effect on antigen for-


The knowledge on molecular mechanisms of ageing of cells, tissues and organs, and the importance of the skin as a relevant model for organ and organismal ageing in general has increased tremendously. The symptoms and consequences of skin ageing are mainly, although not exclusively, because of changes within the dermis as the dermal connective tissue with the resident fibroblasts is distinctly responsible for the physicomechanical properties of the skin-like tensile strength, resilience and stability, and, importantly, for the coordinated function of the epidermis, melanocytes and skin appendages. To address mechanisms of human ageing, experiments based on genetic manipulation are not feasible and much of our knowledge on molecules and pathways involved in human ageing stems from cell culture-based model systems such as human diploid fibroblasts. Results from tissue and cell culture models helped to establish mechanisms resulting in cellular ageing and the candidacy of certain genes as mediators of the senescent phenotype, however, their role in human ageing of distinct organs in vivo is often elusive. Therefore, assessing the causal role of mechanisms identified in vitro under in vivo and in situ conditions of model organisms and tissues including human skin represent an ongoing major goal in ageing research. Schriner S E, Linford N J, Martin G M, Treuting P, Ogburn C E, Emond M, Coskun P E, Ladiges W, Wolf N, Van Remmen H, Wallace D C, Rabinovitch P S. Extension of murine life span by overexpression of catalase targeted to mitochondria. Science 2005: 308: 1909–1911. Important paper showing that localized overexpression of the hydrogen peroxide detoxifying enzyme catalase in the mitochondria – where hydrogen peroxide is mainly generated – resulted in an increase in lifespan of 20% and, concomitantly, in the reduction in age-related damage in transgenic mice in vivo. This observation adds to the increasing evidence that the oxidative stress theory of ageing postulated by Harman in the 60's is relevant for organismal ageing processes. Herbig U, Ferreira M, Condel L, Carey D, Sedivy J M. Cellular senescence in aging primates. Science 2006: 311: 1257. Very important paper showing that cellular senescence is not an in vitro artefact. By using a panel of senescence biomarkers like gammaH2Ax, SA-betagal, and p16, the authors convincingly showed that senescent cells do exist in vivo and are increasing in numbers in ageing baboons up to 15% of all cells in very old animals. This paper adds evidence to the hypothesis that senescent cells contribute to organismal ageing. Bodnar A G, Ouellette M, Frolkis M, Holt S E, Chiu C P, Morin G B, Harley C B, Shay J W, Lichtsteiner S, Wright W E. Extension of life-span by introduction of telomerase into normal human cells. Science 1998: 279: 349–352. Groundbreaking paper revealing that the telomeres are the counting replicometer in fibroblasts cell culture in vitro by expressing the telomerase in non-telomerase active diploid fibroblasts. The expression of telomerase resulted in the immortalisation of the fibroblasts. Dimri G P, Lee X, Basile G, Acosta M, Scott G, Roskelley C, Medrano E E, Linskens M, Rubelj I, Pereira-Smith O, Peacocke M, Campisi J. A biomarker that identifies senescent human cells in culture and in aging skin in vivo. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 1995: 92: 9363–9367. First description of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase as an ageing biomarker in vivo and in vitro. Although it is now clear that SA-beta-gal is not only regulated by ageing its description led to an intensive analysis of the senescence status in fibroblasts. Campisi J. Senescent cells, tumor suppression, and organismal aging: good citizens, bad neighbors. Cell 2005: 120: 513–522. In this review the concept of cellular senescence as a tumor-suppressor mechanism is discussed in the light of convincing data available today. Also the authors put forward further evidence for the evolutionary point of view that cellular senescence represents an antagonistically pleiotropic response with suppression of cancer development in early-life at the cost of reduced longevity which is because of the accumulation and negative effects of senescent cells in the body in late-life. d'Adda di Fagagna F, Reaper P M, Clay-Farrace L, Fiegler H, Carr P, Von Zglinicki T, Saretzki G, Carter N P, Jackson S P. A DNA damage checkpoint response in telomere-initiated senescence. Nature 2003: 426: 194–198. This paper relates the telomere attrition to the DNA-damage response thereby integrating the known involvement of the DNA-damage response via the tumor suppressor p53 with replicative senescence. Commented Bibliographies


Abstract : Two powerful new phenomena are shaping the way the U.S. military will be used in the next decade. The first is the trend in the emerging world order towards collective security and crisis response that will make use of limited objectives to pursue diplomatic goals. The second is the dramatic improvements that technology is bringing to the battlefield, to include the increase in survivability of air power platforms, and the accuracy with which they can deliver munitions. Limited-objective, multilateral operations will be the normal form of military application in the future and air power will have inherent advantages that will make it the force of choice for these engagements. To ensure that the American military is fully prepared for this new style of warfare, national security policy makers will have to address the following key questions: when will forces be used, and under what priority of national and international interests; how will command and control of forces be maintained; and what policy, procedures, and planning must be accomplished to ensure interoperability in the combined operations arena?


The aim of the present work is to try to correct the defects caused by sandstorms on soda-lime glass used as protective sheets of solar panels. The samples were submitted to a thermal quenching to make the glass more resistant to erosive damage. Erosion tests were carried out in laboratory by sandblasting. The results show that the optical transmission drops significantly from 91.3 up to 38.2% for a projected sand mass of 150 g and an impact angle 90°, while the roughness increases sharply and tends toward a plateau (≈ 4.17 μm). In addition to sandblasting defects, small sand particles are lodged in the impact sites. This justifies the lower photovoltaic efficiency. The presence of these defects leads to a decrease of the relative photovoltaic efficiency which decreases until 0.88% in the most unfavorable conditions (high velocity 27 m/s, great sand mass 150 g, normal impact angle 90°). To correct the surface defects and improve the optical transmission, different protocols were applied to deposit transparent silica coatings on the sandblasted samples using sol-gel technique. After coating, the results show a clear improvement of the optical transmission which increases from 38.2% to 71% for the corrected state. As consequence, the relative photovoltaic efficiency is sensitively improved. It passes from 0.88% for the sandblasted state to 0.97% for the coated samples.


(57) The Abstract: gibbsite type aluminum hydroxide, obtained by placing the crystal seed buyers solution in Beiyaraito crystals. Gibbsite type aluminum hydroxide shows excellent characteristics in the synthetic resin as a flame retardant filter. The present invention also provides a process for the preparation of gibbsite type aluminum hydroxide, wherein the liquid obtained from the buyer processes, the grain diameter of 50% range 1.2μm~2.2μm (d