Introduction Medulloblastoma (MB) is an embryonic neuroepithelial tumour and important embryonic development pathways, such as WNT, Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) and Notch, are dysregulated on this cancer. The Notch pathway is important to cell differentiation and proliferation and it has a role in initiation and progression of MB regulating downstream effectors. Skp2 gene is a transcriptional target of Notch pathway and it has been associated with protumorigenic properties in some cancers, however, there is no study in MB. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the biological role of Notch/Skp2 axis in MB. Material and methods NOTCH1, 2, 3 and 4, as well as, their ligands, DLL1, 3 and 4, JAG1 and JAG2, and SKP2 gene expression levels were analysed in MB samples, subdivided in the molecular subgroups, WTN, SHH, group 3 and 4, comparing with cerebellum samples, from public databases (Robinson et al. 2012; Kool et al. 2008; Pfister et al. 2000 and Roth et al. 2006) using R2: Genomics Analysis and Visualisation Platform. NOTCH 1 and SKP2 gene expression level were analysed in Uw402, Uw473, ONS-76 and DAOY MB cell lines. DAOY, ONS-76 and Uw2282 cell lines were submitted to the Notch pathway inhibitor (gamma secretase inhibitor, DAPT), and to the SKP2 inhibitor, SZL-P1-41, at 2, 4, 8, 16 uM concentrations, and after 48 hour the cell viability was analysed. The cell cycle was also analysed after treatment with DAPT in DAOY cell line after 48 hour. Results and discussions SKP2 was overexpressed in the WNT and SHH when compared to other groups and the same pattern was found for NOTCH2 and DLL3 in the database analysis. All MB cell lines expressed SKP2 and NOTCH1 genes and in the general the SKP2 expression was higher than NOTCH1 in all cell lines. After DAPT treatment the cell viability was reduced in DAOY, ONS-76 and Uw2282 cell lines after 48 hour. In the cell cycle analysis there was a decrease of cells on S-phase after Notch pathway inhibition in the DAOY cell line. Conclusion As conclusions from these results, we can suggest that the Notch pathway/SKP2 axis activation occur mainly in WNT and SHH MB subgroups through interactions among NOTCH2 receptor, DLL3 ligand and SKP2 and that Notch pathway and SKP2 inhibition cause a decrease in MB cell viability and/or proliferation, with Notch pathway inhibition also decreasing the percentage of cells on S-phase cell cycle which may explain the decrease in cell proliferation. These are preliminary results but may suggest Notch/SKP2 axis as a possible new molecular targeted therapy for MB.


The changes in forms and methods of planning and management of the economy set forth by the September Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee have demanded a fundamentally new approach to the treatment of a number of economic categories. The greater economic independence of enterprises and the fact that they have been granted extensive rights in the conduct of the economy must be combined with improvement in the scientific organization of cost accounting and of all factors comprising it. This applies above all else to pricing.


The article from the sides of origin and popularity of the economical ethic expatiate the necessity and importance of the marketing economy and explains the important role in the Chinese marketing economy from the two sides of economical ethical system and economical individual ethic.Then the article points out that the healthy development of marketing economy needs not only the regulations of laws but also the regulations and support of perfect economical ethic.


MUHAMMAD THAISIR. Estimation of Planetary Boundary Layer height (PBL) at Multiple Locations in Indonesia Region Using Empirical Methods. Supervised by AHMAD BEY. PBL heights estimation can be performed using several empirical methods namely gradient of, potential temperature, specific humidity, relative humidity, refractivity profiles, elevated inversion (EI) and Surface-Based Inversion (SBI) from radiosonde data set at 13 locations in Indonesia. The methods (except SBI) generally produce estimates of heights which differ by several hundred meters. Specific humidity and relative humidity gradient methods consistently produce higher PBL estimate, while the potential temperature gradient produces lowest PBL heights with an average value of ± 1.7 km. Seasonal and diurnal patterns are often associated with local climatic phenomena, such as long-wave radiation at night, the temperature inversion and tropical convection. In general, SBI is lower than PBL. Only two locations did not indicate SBI occurrence at 00.00 UTC, while at 12:00 UTC, SBI occurred in eight locations showed SBI occurrence. PBL height estimation using radiosonde data is affected by the sensitivity of vertical resolution radiosonde data. The higher data resolution will produce more accurate of estimation. Seasonal and diurnal PBL height between the methods is evaluated using t and F statistics. The PBL median heights estimated by the methods very by 1-2 km.


During calendar year 1982, radiation exposures to offsite populations from Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear facilities were consistently within DOE regulatory limits. The maximum reported individual whole-body dose to any member of the public from any DOE site was 24 mrem for the year. This compares favorably with the approximate 120-mrem average background exposure received each year by an individual living in the United States. The total population dose received by individuals living within an 80-km (50-mile) radius of these sites in 1982 was less than 170 man-rem from DOE operations, or only 0.002 percent of the nearly 10 million man-rem received by the same population each year from natural sources. Most releases of nonradioactive pollutants in site effluents were within EPA regulatory or state limits. Several facilities had pollution abatement projects planned or under construction to correct noncompliance conditions. Inadvertent releases of radioactive and nonradioactive pollutants posed no imminent public health threat nor created significant ecological impacts. 5 references, 4 figures, 10 tables.


The luminosity monitor LUCID (LUminosity Cherenkov Integrating Detector) employed in the ATLAS experiment at the LHC had to be upgraded for the second run of LHC (Run 2) that started in spring 2015. The increased energy of the proton beams and the higher luminosity implied that the Photomultipliers of the original LUCID detector had to be replaced for Run 2 to cope with the more demanding conditions. This paper deals with choice and characterisation of the Photomultipliers used for the new version of LUCID.


The federally mandated ombudsman program is a part of a deterrence approach to improving nursing home care. The author investigated whether nursing home administrators'(NHAs) views of volunteer resident advocates' work would predict attributions of antifacility bias to ombudsman programs. Both quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed from questionnaires completed by 199 NHAs. Perceptions of volunteers as aggressive and as hindrances, the belief that issues would be resolved without the program, and little contact with volunteers predicted an antifacility bias. There were four types of administrators who articulated needed improvements in ombudsman programs: positive activists, adversarials, collaborators, and educators. Strained relationships between NHAs and those who monitor them may increase facility and agency turnover and diminish the efforts of both. Research on person-environment fit for facility and ombudsman positions should be useful for those who train, license, certify, or hire these personnel.


The paper offers a cross-national empirical analysis that connects two lines of arguments about the determinants of election outcomes. The first posits that because of correlations between socio-economic status and some socio-demographic variables on the one hand, and both vote choice and electoral participation on the other, election results may be significantly different from those observed if turnout approached 100 percent. A parallel argument suggests that despite voters' occasionally skilful use of ingenious information shortcuts, observed election outcomes still differ from those that would obtain in an electorate fully informed about the given choice set. The apparent implication of both arguments is that it is the less resourceful groups whose underlying preferences remain underrepresented at the polls. The paper develops at some length on the concepts involved in these propositions and the methodological problems that their empirical testing poses. Finally, data from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems is utilized to empirically evaluate the above propositions.


Unit operations in several commercial potato dehydration plants were evaluated to determine the direct effects on protein and vitamin content of the product. The investigation included processing lines for potato granules and flakes as well as dehydrated slices and dices. Protein and vitamin retentions, in general, were lowest at any point where potatoes were exposed to high temperature for prolonged periods of time. The addition of sulfites had a deteriorating effect on thiamine resulting in losses of up to 96% for this vitamin. The other vitamins most severely affected were ascorbic acid and folic acid with retention values as low as about 40%. In the granule process, vitamin retention was most severely affected during the mixing and mashing steps. During the flake operation, water blanching and the drum drying operation resulted in the greatest reduction of retention values. Thiamine retention was a relatively high 64% during the production of potato flakes. The manufacture of dehydrated slices and dices showed the lowest retention values of all the dehydrated potato products investigated.


This paper considers the implications of optimal taxation for the stochastic behavior of debt and de…cit in the economy with discretionary government, focusing on Markov perfect equilibria. It concludes that in such time-consistent setup in case of market incompleteness the properties of the variables are very similar to those in the full commitment case. Moreover, debt shows more persistence than other variables and it increases in response to shocks that cause a higher de…cit, which is in accordance with empirical evidence from U.S. data. This result, in contrast to the full commitment case, holds regardless whether the government pursues an optimal …scal policy under complete markets, or under incomplete markets. Keywords: optimal public debt; Markov-perfect equilibrium; time-consistent policy; market incompleteness. JEL Classi…cation Numbers: E61, E62, H21, H63.


Leaf traits of 40 Ginkgo biloba half-sib families were studied through field experiments The results show that the morphological,anatomical,physiological and biochemical traits of leaves are different among ginkgo biloba half-sib families at different degrees The differences among families are rising with growing of seedlings All of the variations can support abundant material basis for the further selective breeding


Universality is claimed as a main feature of Human Rights and it is supposed to be a characteristic and distinctive feature of them. Nevertheless, many lawyers and legal philosophers sustain that extending universality to Social and Economic Rights is wrong both conceptually and politically. They hold that Social and Economic Rights are not for everyone, but only for whom that need them. They argue that Social Rights are particular rights (rights for people who are not capable of satisfy their needs) and that a different conception would be


. This study aims to evaluate the production performance of grower phase quail fed a diet containing maggot flour ( Musca domestica ). The design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments used were (P0) Control, (P1) 4% Maggot Flour, (P2) 6% Maggot Flour, (P3) 8% Maggot Flour, and (P4) 10% Maggot Flour. The results showed that the treatment had a significant effect (P<0.05) on feed consumption but did not have an effect (P>0.05) on body weight gain and feed conversion.


As mobile computing technology undergoes rapid advancement, automobile navigation system costs are plummeting and are no longer considered expensive luxuries. Indeed, many people now use these gadgets on a daily basis and carry them constantly. However, the computing power of car navigation device is usually limited. In this paper, we utilize the hierarchical concept dividing the road information into two levels to reduce the overall computation complexity; the Low-Level Graph adopts each intersection as a node and each road connecting two nodes as an edge. The node used in the High-Level Graph is called a PopNode (Popular Node), which refers to the most frequently used in low-level node. Our proposed algorithm adopts the two levels information to calculate the route and proof that our algorithm can reduce the computational complexity but also generate the route that is closed to the optimal result. We also imply random function and dynamic concepts into the algorithm to improve the driving experience.


Santa Barbara, CA-With the development of a new 25-gauge self-sealing vitreoretinal surgical system, a group of surgeons hopes to make vitreoretinal surgery minimally invasive.


Purpose – Two of the primary growth strategies for Major League Soccer (MLS) have been team expansion and the construction of soccer-specific stadiums. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to determine the relationship between these factors and game-specific MLS spectator attendance.

Design/methodology/approach – Two multiple regression models, one using multi-level mixed effects linear regression and another using interval regression, were developed to explain the variation in attendance utilizing the two factors of interest along with other control factors that have been identified as attendance determinants in previous literature. Game-specific data were collected for five MLS seasons, 2007-2011.

Findings – The two regression models explained approximately 40 percent of the variation in spectator attendance and the results showed that expansion teams and soccer-specific stadiums were significantly related to attendance. However, the effect of soccer-specific stadiums was minimized due to the extreme success of the Seattle Sounders in drawing about twice as many fans as the next highest drawing franchise, yet playing in an American football stadium.

Research limitations/implications – While many of the standard factors such as the presence of holidays and novelty players, competition from other professional teams, and day of week, competition from other professional teams; team quality failed to show significance. Expansion teams drew better than incumbent teams and the impact from soccer-specific stadia is weak given the success of the Seattle franchise (and possibly negative when excluding Seattle). Censoring of the dependent variable had a discernible impact on many of the attendance factors.

Practical implications – These findings may be useful to managers of MLS and their teams along with other professional teams and/or leagues that are investigating the use of either team expansion or the construction of new facilities to increase spectator attendance.

Originality/value – This is the first study to investigate the relationship between expansion and new stadium construction in MLS over multiple years. The results indicate that MLS's decision to use team expansion and the construction of soccer-specific stadiums has been beneficial with respect to spectator attendance.


E-prints UMSIDA is a repository of student and lecturer publication documents at the Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo (UMSIDA). The collection of documents is still random and the search can only detect from the title keywords. The increasing culture of writing and research makes it possible for more and more documents as literature. Documents in E-prints are grouped by subject provided by the repository manager and grouped by the admin who uploaded the document. Automatic document grouping can be done by grouping documents based on the contents of the document using the Information Retrieval (IR) approach. The retrieval process is carried out by document processing with tokenisation to obtain data tokens, the data tokens are processed through a stemming process to obtain the stem value of each word. The stem value is processed using the indexing process and word stem to get sentence indexes through the weighting process. The index results stored in the database become document variables that are the features or characteristics of each document. The index of all documents is grouped through Automatic Clustering technique using K-Means Genetic Algorithm.


Abstract Established chronologies indicate a long-term 'Hoabinhian' hunter-gatherer occupation of Mainland Southeast Asia during the Terminal Pleistocene to Mid-Holocene (45 000–3000 years ago). Here, the authors re-examine the 'Hoabinhian' sequence from north-west Thailand using new radiocarbon and luminescence data from Spirit Cave, Steep Cliff Cave and Banyan Valley Cave. The results indicate that hunter-gatherers exploited this ecologically diverse region throughout the Terminal Pleistocene and the Pleistocene–Holocene transition, and into the period during which agricultural lifeways emerged in the Holocene. Hunter-gatherers did not abandon this highland region of Thailand during periods of environmental and socioeconomic change.


The evaluation was based on 13 imported nuclear instruments being used in the construction of expressway.It was showed that the shell of the instrument had a radiation level of 138.11 μSv·h -1 and at the 10 cm distance the level was 40.29 μSv·h -1 .No material pollution was detected.The operation to turn on or turn off the instrument led to a short raise radiation level within 1 m diameter.However,the radiation declined rapidly with the distance far away from it .The level approached the natural baseline at the spot of 5 m away.An operator would endure 0.20 μSv equivalent dosage in one complete operation.It was theoretically suggest that an operator should not operate the instrument more than 70 times in a day.Whereas the current frequency is 76.5 times per day in an average.Those who carried on the instrument would endure an equivalent dosage of 2.05 mSv per year.The operator also endured much unexpected radiation because of the careless management and the lack of consciousness of protection.For example,some instruments were stored under the operator's bed.This could make the endured equivalent dosage become as high as 155.05 mSv per year.


We developed the study on behavioral time budget daily rhythm of Mergus squamatus in four rivers and their branches in Jiangxi province,eastern China during two wintering seasons,from November to December,January to February from in 2007 and 2008.The results indicated that the main behaviors of M.squamatus included foraging,swimming,washing feather,resting state,sleeping,playing,flying and observing.For those behaviors,foraging,swimming,preening and resting occurred with obvious rhythm,however,feeding behavior took on reverse rhythm by comparing with resting.The behaviors of sleeping,flying,playing and observing occurred without obvious rhythm.Peaks of feeding behavior took place at 7:00-8:00 A.M,10:00-11:00 A.M and 12:00-13:00 P.M.,and with an interval about 2.3 h between two peaks.The species feed more frequently in forenoon than afternoon.The frequencies of sleeping and resting in afternoon were significant higher than that in forenoon,and took on a fluctuated trait.The low frequency of sleeping and resting corresponded with three feeding peak.The time that the species spent on different types of behaviors was as follows:feeding(46%),swimming(23%),washing feather(9%),resting(8%),sleep(8%),flying(4%),playing(2%),and observing(0.5%).M.squamatus spent most time on feeding to accumulate energy during wintering period.The time that the species spent on feeding was negatively correlated with that on sleep(R=-0.73,df=8,P0.05),but positively correlated with that on flying(R=0.70,df=8,P0.05),and time spent on preening was positively correlated with that on resting(R=0.88,df=8,P0.01).No significant correlation relationships were detected for other behaviors.


We discuss a new approach to realization of the well-known Weierstrass's programme on efficient continuation of an analytic element corresponding to a~multivalued analytic function with finite number of branch points. Our approach is based on the use of Hermite--Pade polynomials.


A dual-band wearable antenna operating at 2.45 GHz and 5.80 GHz with compact Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) plane is proposed in this paper. The design is based on a U-shaped printed monopole antenna operating in the Industrial, Science, Medical (ISM) bands, and it is integrated with a square looped AMC plane which can reduce the overall size of the antenna system and realize miniaturization. The U-shaped monopole antenna is miniaturized by folding its arms, and its resonant frequency can be tuned easily by adjusting the length of two branches. The AMC unit, which is composed of concentric square double rings, realizes dual-band resonance. Meanwhile, a crossed patch is loaded into the inner ring to increase the electromagnetic coupling and reduce the resonance frequency of the two rings, thus miniaturizing the AMC unit. Therefore, the total size of the AMC plane which contains 3 × 3 elements is only 59.1mm × 59.1 mm. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is examined by loading a three-layer human body tissue under the AMC antenna, and the simulation results show that SAR value is only 0.018 W/kg, which is far below the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer (IEEE) standard. Finally, a prototype of the proposed antenna was fabricated and tested, and the experimental results agree well with the simulation responses.


At present, the environmental problems in China have shown considerable seriousness, but the relief of environmental tort is still immature and perfect in the legislative level and judicial practice. By exploring the theory of restitution, this paper analyzes the different connotations of restitution in civil law and environmental law, and explores the legal basis of restitution as the mode of environmental tort liability. However, there are many limitations in the specific application of restitu-


The present invention provides a flat pipe, and a plurality of grooves form of a flat plate type heat pipe extending from the inner surface to the left and right of the through-hole having a predetermined through hole formed therein, the interior of the heat pipe is a vacuum during state, for phase changes between the state of the liquid and gas of the working fluid, the heat in the heat pipe is released to the outside, the working fluid to flow by capillary forces produced by a plurality of grooves, thereby, while being produced by a simple process, it is possible to obtain a strong capillary force and good cooling effect.


Objective To assess the mechanisms that contribute to lung injury in patients undergoing heart valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) .Methods Eight HYHA grade Ⅱ-Ⅲ patients (4 males, 4 females) aged 47-67 years weighing 49.4-68.6 kg undergoing heart valve replacement with CPB were studied. The patients were premedicated with intramuscular morphine 0.1-0.2 mg·kg-1 and scopolamine 0.3 tng. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.05-0.1 mg· kg-1 , fentanyl 15-20 μg·kg-1 and pipecuronium 0.1 mg·kg-1 and maintained with intermittent Ⅳ boluses of midazolam 0.05 mg·kg-1 , fentanyl 10-30μg·kg-1 and pipecuronium 2 mg. Swan-Ganz catheter was placed via internal jugular vein after induction of anesthesia. Operation was performed under mild hypothermic (28-32℃) CPB. Blood samples were taken from radial and pulmonary artery for blood gas analysis and determination of neutrophil (PMN) counts, plasma TNFa and LPO concentrations and SOD activity prior to CPB (T0), 5 min after venae cava declamping (T1) and at the end of CPB (T2) and operation (T3 ) . The differences in the variables measured between pulmonary artery and vein were calculated to show the PMN entrapped, TNFa produced, SOD depleted and LPO released in the lungs. The alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference (PA-aDO2) and intrapulmonary shunt( QS/QT)were calculated. Lung ischemia time was defined as the duration between occlusion and release of vena cava superior and inferior. Results The mean lung ischemia time was (97±21)min. MPAP, PVRI, PA-a.DO2 and QS/QT significantly increased after CPB, while PaO2/FiO2 and lung compliance significantly decreased compared with those before CPB (P 0.05). The PMN counts and plasma level of TNFa were significantly increased at T1-3 compared with the baseline values before CPB (T0) ( P 0.01) . The amount of PMN entrapped in the lungs significantly increased after pulmonary ischemia compared with that before CPB. Plasma LPO level peaked at T1 and was then gradually decreasing. SOD activities were decreasing with LPO level after venae cava were undamped but there was no significant intrapulmonary SOD consumption and LPO release. Conclusion Pulmonary injury during CPB is probably mediated by PMNs activated by systemic inflammatory response and results in pulmonary dysfunction after CPB.


Comparing with the traditional experimental teaching, this paper introduced the new experimental contents which are comprised of the analysis of channels and the research of modulation. This paper also introduced three implemental means of experiments: validation by hardware, simulation by low-grade software and design by high-grade software. And it emphasized the experiment of Raleigh channel. Finally it forecasted the prospect of mobile communication experiment education.


The economic burden of atopic dermatitis (AD) is of particular interest. The present study aims to analyse the association of disease‐related characteristics, annual costs and treatment benefits in AD.


CeZrLaPr hydroxide used as precursor was replaced alcohols-gel by ethanol washing.In ethanol solvent,when the temperature and pressure of CeZrLaPr hydroxide was exceeded the critical point of ethanol(243 ℃,6.4 MPa)and three processes including hydroxide dehydration,crystallization and drying could be carried out by one step.(CeZrLaPr)O rare earth automobile exhaust gases catalyst with 5 nm particle diameter and high OSC was prepared,and scale-production could be brought about.


Research in virtual environments, gamification and serious-games suggests that those tools can be very effective for education, and that in certain contexts they provide unique advantages. Recent advances are making the technologies they are based on more widespread, with technologies such as 3D becoming widely available through web browsers and even in mobile devices. Efforts are being dedicated in the area of online hybrid laboratories (laboratories with both virtual and remote components) to evaluate whether it is possible to also incorporate concepts such as virtual environments, serious-gaming, or even collaboration between its users, and what advantages would that provide. There have been some promising results so far, but there are still many possibilities to explore, and the area is relatively novel. This dissertation aims to advance the field by creating and testing the viability of new complex online laboratory models which leverage those new features, and by creating an architecture and providing methodologies to facilitate the creation of laboratories which incorporate them, and which are reliable and interoperable with different Remote Laboratory Management Systems. Additionally, a particular implementation of the proposed architecture will be developed, and generic open tools provided.


It is the objective demand of socialist modernization realization to speed up the growth of economy and strive for a higher level of the national economy at several years' interval. However,the development of social economy has been restricted by the contradictions between high-consuming demand and low-consuming capacity,high-consuming desire and insufficient confidence,immense consumption potential and unhealthy consumption environment. Therefore, it becomes anecessary choice to eliminate consumption contradictions and promote economic growth through increasing income for high consumpion capacity, developing mature consumption concept, increaseing effective supply, improving consumption environment and perfecting social guarantee system.


A study was conducted in western Oregon to assess the impact of cultivar and weed management strategy on accumulation and loss of plant biomass and nutrients during the first 3 years of establishment when using organic fertilizer. The study was conducted in trailing blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson) planted in May 2010 and certified organic in May 2012. Treatments included two cultivars, Marion and Black Diamond, each with either no weed control after the first year after planting or with weeds managed by hand-weeding or the use of weed mat. Each treatment was amended with organically approved fertilizers at pre-plant and was drip-fertigated with fish emulsion each spring. Most primocane leaf nutrient concentrations were within the range recommended for blackberry. However, leaf nitrogen (N) was low in 'Black Diamond', especially when grown without weed control, whereas leaf boron (B) was low in all treatments. In many cases, leaf nutrient concentrations were affected by cultivar and weed management in both the primocanes and the floricanes. The concentration of several nutrients in the fruit differed between cultivars, including calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), B, and zinc (Zn), but only fruit Ca was affected by weed managementandonly in'Marion'.Inthiscase,fruit Cawashigher whenthe cultivarwas grown with weed mat than with hand-weeding or no weeding. Total biomass production of primocanes increased from an average of 0.3 t·ha L1 dry weight (DW) during the first year after planting to 2.0 t·ha L1 DW the next year. Plants were first cropped the third year after planting and gained an additional 3.3 t·ha L1 DW in total aboveground biomass (primocanes, floricanes, and fruit) by the end of the third season. Fruit DW averaged 1.4 t·ha L1 in non-weeded plots, 1.9 t·ha L1 in hand-weeded plots, and 2.3 t·ha L1 in weed mat plots. Biomass of senesced floricanes (removed after harvest) averaged3.2t·ha L1 DWand was similar between cultivars and among the weed management treatments. 'Marion' primocanes accumulateda higher contentof N,phosphorus (P),potassium (K),Mg, S,iron (Fe), B, copper (Cu), and aluminum (Al) than in 'Black Diamond'. Weeds, however, reduced nutrient accumulation in the primocanes in both cultivars, and accumulation of nutrients was greater in the floricanes than in the previous year's primocanes. Total nutrient content declined from June to August in the floricanes, primarily through fruit removal at harvest and senescence of the floricanes after harvest. Depending on the cultivar and weed management strategy, nutrient loss from the fruit and floricanes averaged 34 to 79 kg·ha L1 ofN,5 to12kg·ha L1 ofP,36to84kg·ha L1 of K,23 to61kg·ha L1 of Ca, 5 to15 kg·ha L1 of Mg, 2 to5 kg·ha L1 of S, 380 to 810 g·ha L1 of Fe, 70 to 300 g·ha L1 of B,15to36g·ha L1 of Cu,610to1350g·ha L1 ofmanganese(Mn),10to260g·ha L1 ofZn,and 410 to 950 g·ha L1 of Al. Overall, plants generally accumulated (and lost) the most biomass and nutrients with weed mat and the least with no weed control.


The primacy of the Greeks in the canon of Western literature is neither an accident nor the result of a decision imposed by a higher authority; it is simply a reflection of the intrinsic worth of the material, its sheer originality and brilliance.Bernard Knox, The Oldest Dead White European Males To see the Acropolis is a dream one treasures without even dreaming to realize it. I don't know why this hill harbours the essence of artistic thought. I can appreciate the perfection of these temples and realize that nowhere else are they so extraordinary; and a long time ago I accepted the fact that this place should be like a repository of a sacred standard…Le Corbusier, Journey to the East By recalling the beginnings of history when Being unveiled itself in the thinking of the Greeks, it can be shown that the Greeks from the very beginning experienced the Being of beings as the presence of the present.Martin Heidegger, Existence and Being Greece has played many roles in Europe's story. For a country that, unlike Rome, had very little geopolitical influence on Europe, these roles are neither, in their extent, expectable, nor, in their variety, consistent. Why Greece? As for territory, Egypt and Asia seem to have been more colonisable projects for the Greeks. The texts of Herodotus, Thucydides (Book VIII), Xenophon (ubiquitously) suggest a continuing engagement with Eastern cultures.


Results from a direct numerical simulation of the Ekman layer at a Reynolds number of 400 were analyzed to compute energy spectra and energy budgets for this flow. Energy budgets showed that the majority of the turbulent kinetic energy in the flow is produced by the coupling between the streamwise primary Reynolds shear stress and the streamwise velocity gradient. It was also found that the coupling of the vertical velocity variance with the spanwise directions allows transfer of kinetic energy by means of the return-to-isotropy pressure strain terms due to the 'splatting effect'.


A short-pulse CO 2 laser system fabricated from commercially available components for laser fusion experimentation is described. Simulation calculations are sketched, amplifier testing is discussed, overall laser system performance is reported, and the requirements for a typical target irradiation experiment are described.


An innovative experiment to study the thermosyphon flooding limits was designed and flown on aparabolic flight campaign to achieve the Reduced Gravity Environments (RGE) needed to obtainempirical data for analysis. Current correlation models of Faghri and Tien and Chung do not agreewith the data. A new model is presented that predicts the flooding limits for thermosyphons inearths gravity and lunar gravity with a 95 confidence level of +- 5W.


Abstract Shewhart charts are widely accepted as standard tools for monitoring manufacturing processes of univariate, independent "nearly" normal measurements. They are not as well developed beyond these types of data. We generalize the idea of Shewhart charts to cover other types of data commonly encountered in practice. More specifically, we develop some valid control charts for dependent data and for independent data that are not necessarily "nearly" normal. We derive the proposed charts from the moving blocks bootstrap and the standard bootstrap methods. Their constructions are completely nonparametric no distributional assumptions are required. Some simulated as well as real data examples are included they are very supportive of the proposed methods.


ABSTRACT Although organized physical education is vital to Americans' health and wellbeing, surprisingly few policy studies exist for the field. Physical education professionals desperately need evaluation studies to assist them in setting policies and examining policy implementation and outcomes. This paper reviews available literature, identifies methodological issues in policy studies, and provides advice for addressing these issues. The four-point essay: (1) defines "policy"; (2) describes two basic types of policy studies; (3) defines four major issues in planning and conducting studies; and (4) discusses the application of the Joint Committee Standards (1981) to the planning and conducting of policy studies in physical education. Thc term "policy," using Thomas Green's definition, commands a very broad interpretation and may encompass priorities, goals, preset decisions, rules for decision-making, practice guides, and predispositions to respond in certain ways to common situations. To ensure that policies are equitaLle and effective, evaluative studies are needed to assist in policy formulation as well as evaluation. Methodological issues such as utility, feasibility, propriety, and accuracy encompass a host of problems threatening the success of policy studies. The Joint Committee's 30 standards were developed to address these four issues. Of particular importance are the standards on audience identification, object identification, political viability, and formal or written obligation standards. (MLH)


In today's world everything is connected and is either consuming data or generating data. The world is changing so fast that even one-year-old data may not be useful, and hence, big data analysis plays a very vital role for higher management of any organizations for decision making. Data warehousing helps in gathering and storing verifiable information into a single entity. Data can be of different types like speech, text, etc. It can be structured or unstructured. Each data point is characterized in terms of volume or variety. This chapter gives an overview of how to utilize the learner interaction data from a particular website and how patterns can be captured by analyzing learner interaction data with big data analytic tools. Big data has risen in the field of education and has many challenges like storage, combining, analysis, and scalability of big data. It covers tools and techniques that can be used. The results from this study will have implications for new learners to the e-learning website, website designers, and academicians.


This current study aimed to investigate the relationship among green transformational leadership (GTL), organizational citizenship behavior towards the environment (OCBE), organizational identification, and sustainable performance. Data from 201 manufacturing firm representatives in the northeast of China were collected by using an online survey form and then analyzed using PLS-SEM. Findings revealed that GTL is positively related to sustainable performance, and OCBE mediates the relationship between GTL and sustainable performance. In addition, the moderating role of organizational identification between GTL and OCBE has not been proved in the current study. This current study enriches the literature on sustainable performance, finding that GTL plays an important role in sustainable performance. Moreover, this study provides information to employers who want to improve sustainable performance by implementing GTL practices. It further enables them to understand the significance of OCBE in improving sustainable performance.


Time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) lifetime of ultrathin (1 nm) MgO in spin-transfer torque magnetoresistive random access memory (STT-MRAM) devices has recently been shown to be driven by factors other than voltage alone. This study focuses on the specific role of asymmetry in the current flow for different polarity pulsing modes of voltage stress on the TDDB lifetime of 1-nm MgO. Numerical analysis, based on a 3-D heat-diffusion equation and spintronic simulations, has been performed to characterize the temperature rise in the devices for precise correction of self-heating to obtain a correct interpretation of MgO TDDB. It is shown that the different lifetimes for the positive and negative modes can be attributed to different temperature increases arising from self-heating. While the positive and negative modes displayed a non-Arrhenius behavior, the bipolar mode showed an Arrhenius trend in which we observed a unique bimodal behavior of TDDB activation energy ( ${E}_{\text {a}}$ ) as a function of stress voltage in the ultrathin MgO stack. We discuss the role of additional driving forces, such as current, self-heating, charge trapping, and interface strain governing the breakdown mechanism along with the voltage effect.


We have studied photocarrier drift mobility in ZnO in the temperature range between 30 and 280 K using a conventional time-of-flight (TOF) technique. Single crystal grown by the hydrothermal method was used as specimens. An electric field was applied in the direction parallel to the polar surfaces. We observed that shapes of the photocurrent transient changed with both applied electric field and temperature. The slopes of initial decays of the photocurrent became steeper with increase of the applied electric field strength. Transit time estimated from the photocurrent transient was in inverse proportion to the applied electric field. The highest drift mobility of 70 cm2V-1s-1 was obtained in the vicinity of 60 K for photoelectrons when the O-surface was irradiated. While drift mobility showed the same temperature dependence as Hall mobility reported in previous work, its value was much smaller than that of Hall mobility. This discrepancy suggests that the multiple trapping effect due to the photocarrier trap centres is important at the ZnO surfaces. (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


exposition of the various attempts that have been made to explain how labour markets work. Recent developments in neoclassical theory such as implicit contract theory are presented and there is a good treatment of dual labour market models. Throughout the book, there is an attempt to use empirical evidence-mainly but not exclusively Australian-to support or refute the various theories. The empirical emphasis increases in the chapters on major issues affecting the Australian labour market and is most evident in the sections on employment and unemployment and hours of work. The section on wages policy again provides a succinct blend of theory and evidence on the debate about centralized wages policy. The attempt to present labour economics to a wider audience is admirable but it does impose some problems for those using the book as a text. The desire to present a wide range of theories means that the treatment of any one tends to be restricted and depth is sacrificed for breadth in several places. This is compensated for by the provision of useful suggestions for further reading at the end of each chapter and a good bibliography at the end of the book. The Australian Labour Market is well suited to courses in labour economics for students with a strong background in industrial relations. It reminds them of the importance of market processes without imposing a single view of how labour markets operate. This combined with a strong empirical orientation should appeal to students from a subject which has a multi-disciplinary background. However, the book is also useful for students with a strong economics background. It provides a timely reminder that, despite the current hegemony of neoclassical economics throughout the discipline, there are often other paradigms operating within economics, and that alternative traditions are still most robust within labour economics. The strength of this book is ~'~hitfield's balanced presentation of a variety of theories supported by empirical evidence relevant to major issues in Australian labour economics. The book succeeds in its objective, which is 'to examine some key issues in Australian labour economics in a manner which is intelligible to a wide audience'. Students who used the book as a text last session were enthusiastic about it and despite some minor reservations about the depth of treatment in some areas, it is a valuable addition to the limited range of Australian texts _ in this most contentious area of economics.


IN the former part of our review of Mgr. Dupanloup's work on "Liberal Education," we put before our readers an account of his notions about the condnct of the ordinary school studies. We now propose to see in what manner he deals with some of the more general edncational questions of the day. In so doing we shall adhere to the method of the previous article, and shall illustrate our author's sayings by citations from some leading English writers on education. The three chief evils that have to be combated in modern education are the tendencies embodied in the words, "cramming," "viewiness," and "utilitarianism." We shall confine our remarks to the two first. The evils of cramming and over-pressure have been vividly portrayed by Mr. Teale in an address called" Hurry, Worry, and Money, the bane of Modern Education," delivered at the Social Science Congress, 1883. This great evil, ruinous to health both of mind and body, is, of course, in many casesfostered by the present system of competitive examinations. Mr. Teale draws an appalling picture of the feverish struggle that is now-a-days going on without intermission in the public schools, and even the universities of England. But 8S the case is stated in his pamphlet, it is clear that at Downside, and to the best of our knowledge at all the Catholic schools, we simply do not know what competition and cramming are-they have not reached us, at least to any serious extent; they are all but unknown and undreamt of among us. The state of things depicted in "Hurry. Worry, and Money," on the one hand, and " Impressions of Downside," 2 on the other, are absolutelyincompatible. Of course we use every means in our power to induce our boys to work hard, but 8S lIr. Teale well observes :-


Background and Objectives A patient who underwent cesarean delivery with epidural anesthesia presented 6 days postpartum with acute cortical blindness. Methods Initial studies included an ophthalmology consultation as well as a full neurologic workup, including cranial computed tomography, diagnostic lumbar puncture, magnetic resonance imaging, body fluid cultures, and electroencephalography. Early broad-spectrum antibiotic coverage was initiated, and because of possible epileptic activity on electroencephalogram, phenytoin was added to the treatment regimen. Results Soon after beginning the initial phenytoin dose, the patient reported full return of her vision. She was eventually discharged from the hospital in good condition. Conclusions This case report illustrates how blindness can be related to seizure activity.


The exact Green function for a particle moving between two static reversible traps in one dimension is obtained for the continuous diffusion model. From this function, we derive the exact expressions of various survival probabilities, which are the key elements in devising the efficient Brownian dynamics algorithm. An exact expression of the mean survival probability is also obtained for the periodic distribution of reversible traps both for the crossing-allowed and crossing-forbidden cases. For the random distribution of reversible traps, the exact mean survival probability is obtained only for the crossing-forbidden case and its long time behavior is compared with that of the crossing-allowed case. We find, in this case, that not only the long time asymptotic relaxation behavior but also the equilibrium concentration itself can be changed from the classical results due to the fluctuation effect of the trap density.


It is a key issue to design robust divertor modules for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). The divertor module, which consists of a cassette body with high heat flux components, has to be designed to handle not only severe particle fluxes and thermal loads from the main plasmas, but also various electromagnetic forces during the operations. In particular, the electromagnetic force induced by eddy currents during plasma disruptions is the most severe condition from engineering design point of view. Based on the ITER disruption scenarios, dynamic electromagnetic forces of the divertor module induced by the eddy currents have been analyzed. To simplify modeling, the actively cooled structure made of copper alloys was considered because of its much lower electrical resistivity compared to the other materials. In the analyses, parametric studies related to electrical connections, divertor cassette configurations and disruption scenarios, have been considered. Based on the electromagne...


With IRAC at 3.6 micron and MIPS at 24 micron we like to image the largest region yet mapped deeply at mm or submm wavelengths, the Abell 2125 MAMBO Deep Field. Our aim is to identify at arcsec resolution the population of dusty mm galaxies that are particularly difficult to identify at any other waveband, presumably because they lie at redshifts well above 3. These Spitzer Space Telescope observations in combination with our millimeter, optical and radio photometry will resolve the distance--dust temperature degeneracy, thus providing good photometric redshifts which will allow us, for the first time, to obtain a solid measure of the number density of very massive starburst galaxies at redshifts above 3, and thereby to place the most stringent constraints on galaxy formation models. Spitzer observations will furthermore help identify the true counterparts of the mm galaxies undetected at radio wavelengths, allow realistic estimates of the infrared luminosities and dust masses, and permit a look at the environments of these early, massive starbursts. The highest redshift sources identified thereby (possibly producing the highest redshift object ever detected) will motivate follow-up optical, near-IR and mm spectroscopy to obtain accurate redshifts and to search for molecular (CO, HCN) and atomic (CI) emission, opening up detailed studies of the most distant dusty starburst galaxies, likely corresponding to forming massive spheroidal galaxies.


Signal transduction initiated by TGFB1 and OP‐1 was studied in MG63 human osteosarcoma cells and in normal human bone cells (HBCs) in the presence of inhibitors of signal transduction events, using insulinlike growth factor binding protein‐3 (IGFBP‐3) production as an end point. Treatment of serum‐free MG63 cells and normal HBCs with TGFB1 increased IGFBP‐3 protein level several fold in the conditioned medium. This effect of TGFB1 was mediated by increased de novo synthesis because mRNA level increased to the same extent as protein level and TGFB1 treatment had very little effect on IGFBP‐3 protease activity. The stimulatory effect of TGFB1 on IGFBP‐3 production was inhibited in a dose‐dependent manner by pretreatment with staurosporine, a protein kinase C inhibitor, or with vanadate, a phosphotyrosyl protein phosphatase inhibitor in both MG63 cells and normal HBCs. In addition, pretreatment with okadoic acid, an inhibitor of serine/threonine protein phosphatase, counteracted TGFB1 induction of IGFBP‐3 production. Interestingly, pretreatment of MG63 cells or HBCs with staurosporine, vanadate, or okadoic acid augmented OP‐1 stimulation of IGFBP‐3 production. Staurosporine‐ or vanadate‐induced changes in IGFBP‐3 protein levels in the presence of TGFB1 and OP‐1 were associated with corresponding changes in IGFBP‐3 mRNA levels in MG63 cells. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that TGFB1 and OP‐1 increase IGFBP‐3 expression via distinct intracellular signal transduction pathways. J. Cell. Physiol. 173:28–35, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The research on relationship of FDI,university-industry-government cooperation and regional innovation capacity is of great significance to the improvement of regional innovation capacity.According to 1995—2008 regional actual data,we analyze the impact of FDI and university-industry-government cooperation on regional innovation capacity through quantitative analysis.Empirical studies show that foreign direct investment(FDI),university-government cooperation,university-industry cooperation are the Granger reason for regional innovation capability,and they play a significant positive role in regional innovation capability,where the FDI has the greatest impact on regional innovation capability.Government-industry cooperation did not bring the desired effect to regional innovation capacity.


Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can add visible light communication (VLC) by high-speed blinking to their original lighting function. VLC using image sensors as receivers is referred to as image sensor communication (ISC). ISC eliminates noise and interference and enables multiple and simultaneous communication; hence it is suitable for outdoor mobile environments such as intelligent transport systems (ITSs). On the other hand, since the communication rate depends on the frame rate, it is difficult to increase. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to increase the communication rate by multilevel pulse width modulation (PWM). When the modulation level is increased, demodulation becomes difficult due to the bit per pixel (bpp) limitation of the image sensor. First, in order to perform efficient luminance extraction in limited bpp, we compare the maximum luminance extraction and the average luminance extraction. Then, we propose improving the nonlinearity between the transmitter and receiver, which is a problem in average luminance extraction suitable for a mobile environment, by applying precoded PWM. Finally, we evaluate effectiveness of precoded PWM experimentally.


The combined effects of thin-section size, carbide and cavitation dispersion on the creep rupture characteristics of the conventionally cast MAR-M002 superalloy have been studied at 1173 K/300 MPa. It was shown experimentally that the creep rupture life of the alloy is controlled by the (a c /a o )/D ratio, where a, is the cavity size, a o the carbide particle size and D the diameter of the gauge section of specimen. Below a critical value (≃100×10 -6 μm -1 ) of this ratio the rupture life extends rapidly, whereas above the critical value of the ratio there is a slow increase in the rupture life. The effect of the (a c /a o )/D ratio on the rupture life has been described using the existing theories which were developed for the prediction of stress concentrations at grain boundary particles


The female of Mortonagrion ceylonicum is described and figured for the first time. The female was described briefly by Laidlaw (1924) but was not assigned to a genus or species. An amended description of the male is also provided. Additional notes on habitat, distribution and behaviour are given.


Background: Despite the widespread use of automated security defect detection tools, software projects still contain many security defects that could result in serious damage. Such tools are largely context-insensitive and may not cover all possible scenarios in testing potential issues, which makes them susceptible to missing complex security defects. Hence, thorough detection entails a synergistic cooperation between these tools and human-intensive detection techniques, including code review. Code review is widely recognized as a crucial and effective practice for identifying security defects. Aim: This work aims to empirically investigate security defect detection through code review. Method: To this end, we conducted an empirical study by analyzing code review comments derived from four projects in the OpenStack and Qt communities. Through manually checking 20,995 review comments obtained by keyword-based search, we identified 614 comments as security-related. Results: Our results show that (1) security defects are not prevalently discussed in code review, (2) more than half of the reviewers provided explicit fixing strategies/solutions to help developers fix security defects, (3) developers tend to follow reviewers' suggestions and action the changes, (4) Not worth fixing the defect now and Disagreement between the developer and the reviewer are the main causes for not resolving security defects. Conclusions: Our research results demonstrate that (1) software security practices should combine manual code review with automated detection tools, achieving a more comprehensive coverage to identifying and addressing security defects, and (2) promoting appropriate standardization of practitioners' behaviors during code review remains necessary for enhancing software security.


• 66% of preventable medication reconciliation errors occur during transitions of care.1 • 12% of these errors occur during discharge.1 • The average hospital medication error costs about $8750.2 • Average cost of readmission for common medical conditions ranged from $11,200 (COPD) to $13,000 (CHF, Pneumonia).3 • Pharmacist average monthly salary: $9872.50.4 • Prevention of one single readmission/month can cover the cost of at least 1.0 pharmacist FTE/month.4


photographs and international testing standards to be used in the mechanical characterisation of biomaterials. Chapter 6 is devoted to selected applications of biomaterials in orthopaedic surgery, covering important topics such as diagnosis techniques, surgical procedures, internal and external fi xation devices, partial and total hip replacements (including materials and assemblies), and knee and spine implants. This chapter is enhanced with the addition of numerous fi gures and diagrams showing fi xation devices and implants as well as high quality photographs of real surgical procedures. Chapter 7 covers 'natural alternatives' or bone allograft, which is commonly used in orthopaedic surgery, especially nowadays as the number of bones banks are constantly increasing. There are important sections about preservation of bone allograft, demineralisation and sterilisation by irradiation as well as fundamental information of the biomechanical effects of gamma irradiation. Chapter 7 is complemented with high quality images showing surgical procedures and postoperative results. Chapter 8 is a well documented photographic collection of clinical cases showing several orthopaedic procedures and describing the biomaterials and devices used to correct different fractures. Finally, in chapter 9: 'Failure modes of implants', the author present information on the mechanical (fatigue, fretting, wear) and electrochemical (corrosion) degradation of implants. ASTM and ISO standards relevant to the study of corrosion of metallic surgical implants are described in chapter 9 so that readers are familiarised with such important information. The chapter also contains details of clinical cases from the interaction of metallic biomaterials with soft and hard body tissues and intracellular and extracellular saline fl uids, which can result in several types of corrosion, impairing the biocompatibility of the orthopaedic devices. The author, his collaborators and ASM International have produced an excellent review of the fundamental concepts of biomaterials in orthopaedic surgery. This book is not a highly specialised text but a well presented introduction to the fascinating and challenging world of biomaterials. If a second edition is published, we Biomaterials in orthopaedic surgery


Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis and a global health problem. In addition to joint involvement, urate crystals induce chronic inflammation, leading to increased cardiovascular risk in gout. Thus, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in gout and numerous studies have revealed an increase in cardiovascular-related mortality in these patients. However, despite the efficacy of urate-lowering therapies, such as allopurinol and febuxostat, suboptimal management of gout and poor adherence continue to make it difficult to achieve better outcomes. Treat-to-target strategy may help change this, as in other diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Nevertheless, even with a well-defined clinical target (absence of flares and tophi disappearance), the numerical target [serum uric acid (SUA) < 5 mg/dL or < 6 mg/dL] still varies depending on current guidelines and consensus documents. Recently, several trials [Long-Term Cardiovascular Safety of Febuxostat Compared with Allopurinol in Patients with Gout (FAST), REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS)] have shown better cardiovascular outcomes in those patients who achieve SUA levels < 5 mg/dL. Likewise, some observational studies, mostly based on imaging tests such as ultrasound and dual-energy computed tomography, have found better results in the magnitude and speed of reduction of urate joint deposition when SUA < 5 mg/dL is achieved. Based on an analysis of the available evidence, SUA < 5 mg/dL is postulated as a more ambitious target within the treat-to-target approach for the management of gout to achieve better joint and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with cardiovascular risk or severe disease.


Recently,it's rather difficult to deal with the settlement of retired athletes.The reasons that lead to the difficulties mainly are the incompleteness of the athletics policy,the grimness of the whole employment status, the lack of necessary knowledge about athletes themselves and the lag of the athletics policy reformation.By focusing on the requirement of solving the settlement problems and the reasons that lead to the issues of settlement of retired athletes,this article tries to put forward a series of countermeasures to deal with the settlement problems based on current policy.


This chapter reports the growth of the Norwegian shipping trade in the period 1850-1880; an expansion that came as a result of a heightened demand for the exports of fish and timber from Norway to Western and Southern Europe. It provides a detailed history on Norwegian shipping trade, starting from the early days of expansion to Norway's position as a leading whaling nation. The chapter provides statistical data in the form of numbers of recruitment, labour force, and wages, but notes that source material on Norwegian shipping data prior to 1800 is often scarce and unreliable. The report also outlines the significance of Norwegian presence in foreign fleets after 1850, and discusses the motive behind a seaman's decision to emigrate. It notes that the Dutch fleet became a popular option for Norwegians, while seamen also flocked to the alternative fleets of Russia; Denmark; Sweden; Holland; France; Great Britain; North America; Argentina; Australia and South Africa.


Abstract This article, using data obtained during a survey conducted in Radnor Township, Pennsylvania—just outside of Philadelphia, tries to answer four basic questions concerning suburban use of the central city. First, how often do suburbanities take advantage of (or use) the cultural, recreational, and shopping facilities of the central city? Second, are there any meaningful social-economic characteristics that affect the rate at which suburbanites use central city facilities? Third, are commuters more likely to use central city facilities than are suburbanites who do not work in the city? And, fourth, does length of residency in a suburban community affect the rate at which suburbanites use the central city? The survey showed that about 50 percent of the suburban families use the city once a month or less. Meaningful relationships were found between most social-economic factors studied, including regular central city commuting and length of residence in the suburb, and central city use.


This article discusses some issues on the implement of systems for invitation to tender and bidding, and it describes the situation of implementing this system in the field of engineering construction in Shenzhen City, and further analyze in deep the development of the above system on the basis of the operation cases. ;


: In this work we firstly prove the well-posedness of the non-linear martingale problem related to a McKean-Vlasov stochastic differential equation with singular interaction kernel in R d for d ≥ 3. The particularity of our setting is that the McKean-Vlasov process we study interacts at each time with all its past time marginal laws by means of a singular space-time kernel. Secondly, we prove that our stochastic process is a probabilistic interpretation for the parabolic-parabolic Keller-Segel system in R d . We thus obtain a well-posedness result to the latter under explicit smallness condition on the parameters of the model.


We compare the Hubble
diagram calculated from the observed redshift (RS)/magnitude (μ) data of
280 Supernovae in the RS range of z = 0.0104 to 8.1 with Hubble diagrams
inferred on the basis of the exponential tired light and the Lambda Cold Dark
Matter (ΛCDM) cosmological model. We show that the experimentally measured
Hubble diagram follows clearly the exponential photon flight time (tS)/RS
relation, whilst the data calculated on the basis of the ΛCDM model exhibit
poor agreement with the observed data.


Nutcracker syndrome (NS) describes left renal vein compression between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta. NS is a rare entity. We report a case of nutcracker syndrome diagnosed with varicocele. A 15 -year-old man with good past health presented with a left varicocele and intermittent left flank pain. He had no urinary symptoms and no haematuria. Doppler ultra sonography an MRI showed a grossly distended left renal vein, and left varicocele secondary to the nutcracker syndrome The patient underwent laparoscopic varicocelectomy and conservative treatment was adopted for the left renal vein compression. The evolution is favorable. NS is a rare entity. The treatment options are ranged from surveillance to nephrectomy. Treatment decision should be based on the severity of symptoms and their expected reversibility with regard to patient's age and the stage of the syndrome.


Two sets of longitudinal wave cut data serve as the basis for estimating the measurement uncertainty associated with the ship model waves profiles and wave pattern resistance. The data was obtained from two similar frigate type hull forms tested over a speed range from Fn=0.25 to 0.5. Five wave probes were used simultaneously to measure wave elevations and from these measurements five parallel estimates of wave pattern resistance were obtained. The elemental bias and precision error sources which are encountered are grouped and discussed according to three categories; calibration, data acquisition and analysis.


In the first part of this work we report quasielastic light scattering (QELS) studies of the internal dynamics of transient actin networks over a time range of 10−6–10−2 s, scattering angles between ζ = 20° and 150°, and a concentration range of 0.015 (0.3) to 0.7 mg/mL (15 μM). We confirm our previous result that (1) the dynamic structure factor g(q, t) is determined by the thermally excited undulations of the actin filaments and (2) that the initial decay of g(q, t) scales as g(q, t)∝ exp(qαt) while the long time decay scales as g(q, t) ∝ exp[‐(Aqαt)2/3] with α = 2.75. The deviation of α from the theoretical value of α = 3 predicted for Rouse‐Zimm chains is similar to that found for high molecular weight macromolecular solutions by QELS. A refined analysis of the dynamic structure factor showed that it can be interpreted in terms of three relaxation processes (besides the contribution of the residual monomer diffusion): (1) the dominant Rouse‐Zimm dynamics, which comprises between 65 (at high concentrations) and 85% of the signal; (2) a fast relaxation process with a decay constant of Γ = 9 × 103 s−1, which contributes at all concentrations with the same amplitude; and (3) a nonexponential ultraslow contribution of the form gus ∝ exp[(– Γust)] 1/4. The third contribution appears only at high concen‐trations and increases strongly with decreasing scattering angles. It is thus attributed to fluctuations of the mesh size of the transient actin network.


The volatile intensification of internet has posed a exigent problem in extracting significant data. Conventional web crawlers focus merely on the surface web while the hidden web remains intensifying following the prospect. Hidden web pages are created dynamically as a result of queries masquerade to precise web databases. The structure of the hidden web pages crafts it unfeasible for conventional web crawlers to access hidden web contents. We proposed innovative Vision-based Page Segmentation (IVBPS) algorithm for hidden web retrieval and develop intelligent crawler and interpretation of hidden web query interfaces. Hidden intelligent crawler and interpretation of hidden web query interfaces split the method into two stages. The primary stage comprises query analysis and query translation and the subsequent wrap vision-based extraction of data from the dynamically created hidden web pages. There are numerous conventional approaches for the extraction of hidden web pages but our proposed technique intends at overcoming the inherent limitations of the former.


The present invention provides improved luminous efficiency of the device, fully secured of driving stability, and has a schematic configuration of an organic electroluminescence element (organic EL element). The organic electroluminescent device includes an anode, a cathode and an organic layer formed on a substrate, wherein the at least one selected from the light emitting layer, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, an electron blocking layer and a hole blocking layer the organic layer containing carborane compound, a carborane compounds having at least one carbon ring borane, a silyl group having a carbon.


Binder and Watkins (1989) stated, "America has the most effective instructional methods in the
world—yet we are not using them" (p. 33). The statement was intended to express their lament
that American educators were not generally committed to, and did not have passion for, researchvalidated
effective practices. Two decades later, this statement is still true, but for a different
reason as follows.
Since 1989, legislative changes such as No Child Left Behind of 2001 and the 2004
Reauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) have pressed educators
to attend to research-validated practices. More specifically, the 2004 Reauthorization of IDEA
recommended an alternative approach to identifying students with learning disabilities, which is
referred to as Response to Intervention (RTI). This approach requires the use of evidence-based
practices in all tiers.


The Money Trap discusses how governments have failed to understand the roots of the rolling crisis and recession of 2007-12 and argue that these roots lie in the interaction of an elastic credit supply, dysfunctional banking systems and an unreformed international monetary system. Robert Pringle argues that a root-and-branch reform of both banking and of international money is required, although reviewer Alex Moore finds that the book is not an entirely convincing case.


Aerobic athletic performances are greatly improved by optimisation of mechanisms of oxygen transport and delivery to peripheral tissues and muscles. There are both lawful and banned methods to achieve better muscular oxygenation; of these, the administration of erythropoiesis stimulating molecules, namely human recombinant erythropoietin (rHuEpo) or NESP, has been widely used by endurance athletes since the early 1990s.1 However, the introduction of a reliable laboratory test to detect blood doping with rHuEpo or derivatives has forced athletes to rely on alternative techniques, including blood …


UNLABELLED
The eating disorders are a group of related but distinct disturbances in eating behaviour with wide-ranging effects. This first part describes the epidemiology, aetiology, general clinical features and specific dental sequelae associated with the eating disorders. Part 2 discusses psychological aspects of management as well as dental treatment.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Dental health can be compromised in patients with an eating disorder. Dentists should understand the medical, psychological and dental features and competently manage any secondary dental problems.


Nicolau syndrome (embolia cutis medicamentosa or livedo-like dermatitis) was first defined in 1925 after the use of intramuscular bismuth salts for treatment of syphilis. It has been associated with administration of many other drugs, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, local anesthetics, long acting penicillin and a-interferon. The most commonly identified triggers of Nicolau syndrome (NS) in children are antibiotics. NS is characterized by sudden onset of painful swelling, followed by livedoid erythema, circumscribed hemorrhagic patches and, ultimately, necrosis of the skin, subcutaneous fat and, occasionally, muscular tissue. In certain cases, the necrosis can be extensive; it may be accompanied by rectal hemorrhage, neurologic complications, compartment syndrome, acute renal failure and transient or permanent ischemia of the ipsilateral limb that may even require amputation. Furthermore, NS can be fatal in children. Treatment consists of medical (heparin, pentoxifylline) and surgical (excision, grafting, etc.) therapy, depending on the timing of the diagnosis. In this report, we present a case of NS developed after an injection of benzathine penicillin, in which we used early hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy in addition to heparin and pentoxifylline.


Concept-cognitive learning (CCL) is an emerging field of concerning incremental concept learning and dynamic knowledge processing in the context of dynamic environments. Although CCL has been widely researched in theory, the existing studies of CCL have one problem: the concepts obtained by CCL systems do not have generalization ability. In the meantime, the existing incremental algorithms still face some challenges that: 1) classifiers have to adapt gradually and 2) the previously acquired knowledge should be efficiently utilized. To address these problems, based on the advantage that CCL can naturally integrate new data into itself for enhancing flexibility of concept learning, we first propose a new CCL model (CCLM) to extend the classical methods of CCL, which is not only a new classifier but also good at incremental learning. Unlike the existing CCL systems, the theory of CCLM is mainly based on a formal decision context rather than a formal context. In learning concepts from dynamic environments, we show that CCLM can naturally incorporate new data into itself with a sufficient theoretical guarantee for incremental learning. For classification task and knowledge storage, our results on various data sets demonstrate that CCLM can simultaneously: 1) achieve the state-of-the-art static and dynamic classification task and 2) directly accomplish preservation of previously acquired knowledge (or concepts) under dynamic environments.


This study fails to find qualitative differences in courtship (ie intra- and intersexual interactions), according to male age in mouflon Ouis gmelini musimon (Pallas, 1811). Conversely, clear age differences arose concerning the proportion of time males dedicated to reproductive and non-reproductive activities. During the rut, males spent less time feeding, and more time scanning and in male-male interactions as age increased. Young males ( 7 years old). So male behavioral maturation does not only depend on age but could also be influenced by demographic constraints, ie presence of old dominant males. The male reproductive effort, however, seemed independent of the presence of old dominant males, which could reflect a developmental constraint. Young males would not have enough energy reserves because of growth to dedicate as much time as mature males to reproduction, even in the absence of these latter.


Abstract The use of patient hotels for ambulatory care of women with uncomplicated deliveries has become a routine in Sweden. This report describes a minor outbreak of a group A Streptococcus strain in 2 newly delivered mothers and their newborn babies at a patient hotel.


Permit me on this occasion a somewhat personal introduction1. The origins of this paper which I present today go back to what was for me an illuminating experience: my reading of the wonderful Jefferson Lecture given by the American novelist Walker Percy (1916-90). In the summer of 1992 I found myself as a Visiting Scholar at Harvard University trying to write an introduction to contemporary philosophy of language which show how a historical understanding of analytic philosophy enabled one to predict that this philosophical tradition would undergo a renovation of a markedly pragmatic nature. At the same time, given that I found myself in the homeland of the founder of semiotics, Charles S. Peirce (1839-1914), I was hoping to familiarize myself with his thought, his writings and with the scholarship that had recently sprung up around him. One day a lawyer friend of mine suggested that I read Walker Percy's lecture "The Fateful Rift: The San Andreas Fault in the Modern Mind" which appears in the posthumous volume of his essays published in 1991 under the general title Signposts in a


We discuss two experiments that can be performed using a cloud of laser-cooled and trapped atoms, namely Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) and search for a permanent Electric Dipole Moment (EDM). BEC can be observed in Rb atoms in a magnetic trap by using forced evaporative cooling to continuously lower the temperature below the condensation limit. The cloud is cooled by preferentially ejecting the hottest atoms from a magnetic trap. The magnetic trap is loaded with laser-cooled atoms from a magneto-optic trap. The EDM experiment can be performed with a laser-cooled cloud of Yb atoms. The atoms are spin polarized and the precession of the spin is measured in the presence of a strong electric field applied perpendicular to the spin direction. The use of laser-cooled atoms should greatly enhance the sensitivity of the experiment.


Corrosion on grounding rod can significantly increase the grounding resistance and compromise the safety of the power system. Silicone rubber used in outdoor insulation area for its long life in adverse environments. This paper proposes a kind of conductive RTV silicone coating suitable for grounding systems. Conductive nano-particles such as carbon black and carbon fiber are added to reduce the resistivity to about 10 Omegaldrcm. Experiment results shows that this material is effective in eliminating corrosion.


Aiming at the problem that the distributed power grid is embedded in the power distribution system, which leads to the difficulty of system fault location, this paper proposes a line fault analysis mode based on petri nets. preprocessing. On this basis, the double-ended electrical signal of the faulty line is collected as the input signal of the fine integration method. Through the four-level Longo-Kuta iterative calculation, some and only the voltage values of the line at the fault point are equal, so as to realize the voltage value of the fault point. accurate locating. The fine integral fault location method based on petri net is feasible. In order to verify the fault location capability of this method, this paper establishes a single-phase line model with distributed power sources on the MATLAB platform, sets up ground faults, and conducts simulations. The simulation results show that the distribution network fault location model can accurately locate the line when the ground fault occurs in the system; at the same time, when the fault information is incomplete, the fault line can also be determined by the petri network fault model, and the precise integration method can achieve accurate location.


Abstract To U.S. politicians, the undervaluation of the Chinese yuan is usually blamed for the tremendous trade deficit between the U.S. and China. This study examines the yuan's valuation under the Managed Floating Exchange Rate regime through three methods. We compare the real effective exchange rate for U.S. and China; actual and PPP estimated bilateral exchange rates; and actual and a multi-currency basket approach for estimated exchange rates. Although the results are not the same when different methods are used, our results suggest that, since the beginning of the Managed Floating Exchange Rate regime, the Chinese yuan has been undervalued only for a few years. After that, the yuan is either overvalued or fluctuates moderately between overvaluation and undervaluation, depending on which method is used. Therefore, there is no evidence that the yuan has been undervalued all the time. More importantly, it seems the price of the yuan has been relatively fair in the last couple of years no matter which valuation method is used.


Satellite cluster in the geostationary orbit is an old concept, which was originally proposed at the end of the 70's to cope with the need for large capacity in strategic orbital slots. A cluster is a group of "regular size" co-located satellites sharing functions by means of inter-satellite links. The concept of cluster does away with the drawbacks of large platforms, it allows for modular growth of the space segment to keep in step with the evolution of the demand, and it also reduces the initial investment required by the system. It was time to revisit this concept. This paper summarizes the main results of a study performed for the European Space Agency by a team of leading actors of the space industry. SkyLAN is a network of GEO satellites providing functions usually performed by a single satellite by employing standardized inter-satellite communication interface, among smaller co-located satellites. Three typical missions were selected to serve as reference for the technical and financial feasibility assessment. Several function distributions and networking topologies have been evaluated. SkyLAN proves to be of little interest for S-DMB mission in S-band but very attractive for broadband multimedia mission in Ka-band and linguistic Direct-To-Home broadcast mission in Ku-band. All missions cover wide Europe from a single orbital slot. The broadband mission addresses the private consumer and business markets and is based on a bent pipe payload for connecting small terminals to large gateways and regenerative onboard processed payload for the terminal to terminal traffic. A cluster of four identical satellites, connected in a ring configuration by optical inter-satellite links, provides the required capacity. Each satellite handles a quarter of the coverage and bandwidth. Inter-satellite links provide full mesh connectivity. The DTH mission addresses consumer market and is based on ten linguistic beams. A cluster of four satellites connected in a star configuration by microwave inter-satellite links provides the required capacity. Three satellites handle reception and transmission, a fourth satellite at the center of the star provides the onboard processing, mainly DVB multiplexing.


The electricity sector is of fundamental importance to Dutch society and the economy. In consequence of the introduction of the market mechanisms the production and distribution of electricity have been delegated to the market since 2006. The network infrastructure has remained under state control. So far, the decrease in the number of employees has turned out to be lower than anticipated. Additionally, the organisation of the social partners has remained unchanged and the density is relatively high. Two sectoral collective agreements- one for the network infrastructure, the other for production and distribution - cover the two segments of the sector. The three unions involved – FNV Abvakabo, CNV Publieke Zaak and VMHP-N of the CMHP are accepted parties in collective bargaining as is the employer organisation WENb.


Twelve years have passed since Wolf 1 reported 2 cases in which he had demonstrated varices of the esophagus roentgenologically. His original observations have been confirmed and amplified by others. 2 In 1931 I published 5 cases and described for the first time the roentgen demonstration of varices of the stomach. 3 A report on 45 cases appeared three years later. 4 Numerous cases have since been observed by many roentgenologists. Nevertheless, a systematic and routine search for varices, particularly for those of minor degree, has not been widely practiced. In addition, the clinical importance of roentgen demonstration of varices has not received the recognition which it deserves. This is apparent when one reads publications from large teaching centers in which the differential diagnosis of splenomegaly is extensively discussed without mention of roentgen visualization of varices. It seems justifiable, therefore, to review the roentgen demonstration of varices and to discuss


In the widely studied and powerful bufferless fluid flow multiplexing model (bffm), important QoS measures are often considered such as saturation probability and workload loss ratio. When regulated traffic are multiplexed into a buffer, similar QoS measures can also be identified such as buffer overflow probability and buffer workload loss ratio. In this paper, we set up a family of closed-form bounds which can be applied for QoS measures arising in both multiplexing models. The bounds have been compared based on numerical investigations.


We put forward new general criteria to design successor rules that generate binary de Bruijn sequences. Prior fast algorithms based on successor rules in the literature are then shown to be special instances. We implement the criteria to join the cycles generated by a number of simple feedback shift registers (FSRs). These include the pure cycling register (PCR) and the pure summing register (PSR). For PCR, we define a preorder on its cycles, based on their weights. For PSR, we define two orders, namely a necklace order on its cycles and a mixed order on the cycles based on both the weight and the necklace orders. Using the new orders, we propose numerous classes of successor rules that can efficiently generate binary de Bruijn sequences. Producing the next bit takes no more than $O(n)$ memory and between $O(n)$ and $O(n \, \log n)$ time. We implemented computational routines to confirm the claims.


ABSTRACT The Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak prompts researchers and policy makers to re-evaluate the impact of infectious disease on economy. Taking SARS outbreak in 2003 as a quasi-natural experiment, we examined the impact of infectious diseases on Chinese real sector's investment through a difference in difference (DID) approach. The empirical results show that after the outbreak of SARS, the investment of China's real sector firms had increased significantly. This conclusion is verified by several robustness tests. The mechanism tests indicate that the SARS epidemic could increase the investment of real sector firms through two paths. First of all, the outbreak of the epidemic led to dramatic fluctuations in the capital market, then companies shifted their assets from the financial market to the relatively low-risk real sector; additionally, in response to the outbreak of SARS, companies and the government reduced operating costs and fees, resulting in a synergistic effect which also increased investment of the real sector.


With a civilian workforce of about 700,000, the Department of Defense (DoD) is one of the largest employers of civilians in the nation. In an era of streamlining, demographic change, low unemployment, and rapid technological change—education, training, and development, collectively known as ET&D, play a critical role in maintaining and improving the quality of this workforce and of the defense infrastructure.


Autonomous vehicles are intended to move in an environment without any human intervention. In order to determine the structure of the environment, we have to rely on sensors data to build the map and to localize the vehicle within its environment. This paper presents the autonomous vehicle built using 2D LIDAR and Robot Operating System(ROS). If the environment is to be explored is outdoor we can rely on GPS to track the location the autonomous vehicle, whereas in an indoor environment we cant do so. For building the map of the environment and for the vehicle's localisation simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM) is used. The LIDAR data is used to find out the corresponding distance of the obstacle from the robot. Based on this point cloud data map is generated denoting the obstacle, explored area, unexplored area and the location of the robot with respect to the map. Data from the encoder is used to navigate the robot. Path planning is done using A* algorithm to find out the shortest distance between the starting and the destination point. The experimental result helped us in comparing the performance of the autonomous mobile robot built using ultrasonic sensor with the autonomous mobile robot built using LIDAR.


With the aim of identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) involved in blood pressure regulation, we have investigated correlations between DNA dimorphisms and clinical detenninations pertaining to blood pressure, sodium and potassium excretion, aldosterone levels and plasma renin activity. Four restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) at the human renin gene locus have been studied in a North American, Caucasian population composed of 33 patients diagnosed with essential hypertension and 23 normotensive individuals. Six of the 24 investigated associations were significant. The presence of a Bg/II dimorphic site correlated with lower plasma renin activity (p<0.01) and lower urinary levels of aldosterone (p<0.01); the presence of Hind III site was associated with lower levels of urinary sodium (p<0.01) and potassium (p<0.01); and the presence of a TaqI site correlated with lower values of plasma renin activity (p<0.01) and higher diastolic blood pressure (p<0.01). These studies suggest that variations of the human renin gene may be correlated with individual differences in plasma renin levels and in urinary aldosterone. sodium and potassium and blood pressure; they may ultimately be useful to identify potential genetic differences of intermediate phenotypes that contribute to blood pressure regulation.


It is so important to monitor Internet public opinions based on micro-blog in universities that universities are able to grasp public opinion trends comprehensively and to make correct guidance of public opinion timely. In this paper, we propose a monitoring platform of micro-blog public opinions via combining artificial participation with computer technologies. The technologies of search engine and date mining are applied to this platform including topic detection and tracking, hotspot detection and emotional tendency analysis to mine and monitor micro-blog public opinion automatically. This platform is able to make full use of the advantages of the professional group of micro-blog public opinion monitoring to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of monitoring and guidance work of micro-blog Internet public opinions in universities.


Tractor and highlead yarding  systems  are the most  common  logging systems  in the Indonesian  Selective  Cutting  (TPI) of its tropical rain forest  exploitations.   The study of  the logging system  performances  were conducted   to evaluate the extend  of residual stand damages. Studies in 22 forestry concessions  revealed  that  the  TPI concepts  have not been adopted  satisfactorily.   The study also confirmed that the average number  of trees having 35 cm  minimum diameter  are 11.6-70.8   trees per ha of commercial  species and 18. 7-79.4 trees per ha for all species.  With regard to the  TPI, there  were only  52.6 percent of   the forest  concessions  conformed   with  the specified  conditions  where at least 25 potential  trees per ha should remained  in the residual stands. Comparative  study  with  highlead  yarding  system  indicated  that  average number  of  potential   trees in the  residual stands were 5.1-16.6  trees per ha of  commercial  species and only  6.3-21.  7 trees per ha for all species. None of the concessions  with  highlead logging systems have met  the TPI requirements. The residual stand damage when  using highlead yarding  are significantly  higher (P  < .05) in comparison  with  that of the tractors. The  residual  stand  damages  were 68.7 to  71.7 percent  for  highlead  system  while only  3.9-52.2  percent  for  the  tractor.  The study  concluded  that with  respect to damages, tractor yarding  is preferable over highlead.


Most existing empirical papers concerned about multidimensional poverty use the house- hold as the unit of analysis, meaning that multidimensional poverty status of the household is equated with the multidimensional poverty status of all individuals in the household. This assumption, nonetheless, overlooks important within-household features and ignores the intra-household inequalities. Besides, by definition, households containing both a female and a male cannot contribute to a gender gap, so gender differentials cannot be estimated. But, the Sustainable Development Goals have put special emphasis on gender equality along their targets; therefore, new measures able to capture the gender differences are needed. Consequently, in this paper, we propose an individual-based multidimensional poverty mea- sure in order to estimate the three Is of multidimensional poverty (incidence, intensity, and inequality) in Nicaragua as well as the gender differentials. We also estimate logit regres- sions to better understanding the determinants of multidimensional poverty in this country. Overall, we find that there are statistically significant gender differences in multidimensional poverty in Nicaragua; but, they are estimated to be small and lower than 5%. However, the gender differential in inequality is larger than 10%, and it suggests that multidimensional poor women are living in very intense poverty when compared with multidimensional poor men. We also find that the elderly and children are the most vulnerable people in terms of multidimensional poverty in this country; furthermore, when information on employment, domestic work, and social protection is considered in the analysis, the gender gaps become more substantial, and women are more likely to be poor than men.


The study analyzes 318 German written testaments from 1729 to 1824 which have been kept as records in the municipal books in Kroměřiž. The goal of the study is to answer the question of whether the analyzed testaments originated according to a certain kind of a text pattern. The study stets an aim to realize which lexical and syntactic means are typical for the type of the text testament. These results are compared with the results of the analysis of testament from Olomouc 1416-1566 and from Jihlava 1544-1624. The comparison shows the changes in the macrostructure (text pattern) and microstructure (lexical and syntactic level) from 15th to 19th century in Moravia.


Association constants of porphyrins bearing cationic or anionic substituents in the meso-position with many aromatic ligands are reported and can be described by constant factors; comparison with saturated ligands show that van der Waals and not solvophobic interactions prevail for such π-systems.


A global view in a multidatabase system is defined as a query against base relations. When the global view is materialized, any update to the corresponding base relations needs to be propagated to the materialized view. This is known as view maintenance. Different maintenances of the same materialized global view for different local updates may interfere with each other. As a result, the view may be incorrectly maintained (view maintenance anomaly). In order to correct the problem, we often need to precisely detect the occurrence of each anomaly. In a distributed environment, the departure order of a set of messages from one site may be different from the arrival order of these messages at another site due to unpredictable network routings and delays. In such an environment, precise detection of the occurrence of each anomaly is a difficult problem. The authors propose a method for precisely detecting the occurrence of each maintenance anomaly for global views defined by SPJ queries. Their method takes into consideration the possibility that messages may be delivered and received in different orders across the network.


A composite material is a macroscopic combination of two or more distinct materials, having a recognizable interface between them. Modern composite materials are usually optimized to achieve a particular balance of properties for a given range of applications. Composites are commonly classified at two distinct levels. The first level of classification is usually made with respect to the matrix constituent. The major composite classes include organic – matrix composites (OMC's), metal – matrix composites (MMC's), and ceramic – matrix composites (CMC's). The OMC's is generally assumed to include two classes of composites: polymer – matrix composites (PMC's) and carbon – matrix composites [1]. The composite material used in the work belongs to the PMC's and the composite is formed by the polymer matrix - high density polyethylene. As filler was used hard-magnetic strontium ferrite. Composite samples were prepared with different filler content (0%, 60%, 70%, 80%). Testing of polymer composites included: tensile test, elongation at break, impact test, hardness test.


The invention relates to a printed circuit board, a method and a device for drilling the printed circuit board. The method includes that a first drill bit of a drill starts drilling from the initial position, and when contacting with a conductive layer on the surface layer of a testing coupon area of the printed circuit board, the drill acquires a first electric signal so as to determine a first conductive position and the first height difference between the initial position and the first conductive position; the first drill bit of the drill drills the conductive layer of the surface layer, a second drill bit can drill continuously; when contacting with the other conductive layer of the testing coupon area of the printed circuit board, the drill acquires a second electric signal so as to determine a second conductive position and a second height difference between the initial position and the second conductive position; the third height difference is obtained by computing the difference between the second height difference and the first height difference; and the position requiring back drilling is subjected to back drilling according to the third height difference. Accurate depth information is acquired by testing blind holes, and Stub length of back drilling is reduced.


An eight-channel imaging spectrometer based on narrowband multi-spectral imaging technology is presented. After acquiring eight images in real time, the spectrometer is used to process images, and finally the color image of object is compounded. Focus is on the methods of image registration and spectral construction. The experiment indicates that point mapping and cubic spline interpolation are effective, and the color composition image is close to the real one. The system has the advantages of high spatial resolution, strong real-time character, hence it can be widely used in the field of moving target recognition.