The Address Book: What Street Addresses Reveal about Identity, Race, Wealth, and Power. By Deirdre Mask. 2020. New York: St. Martin's Press. Pp. 326.  $26.99. ISBN 978-1-250-13476-9.


Petra Christian University Faculty of Economics, which consists of 8 programs is one of the faculties which has developed a core competency courses. This courses must be taken by students in all study programs under the Faculty of Economics. To maintain the quality of teaching, faculty management has facilitated with a variety of ways, including debriefing the lecturers, tightly selecting the part-timer lecturers, providing textbooks and various other learning tools. In addition, periodically, the faculty also conducts an evaluation of teaching through a questionnaire to obtain feedback from students related to teaching and learning process. The teachers who obtain a good evaluation score will accept an award as a faculty appreciation of their performance, this activities are called 'faculty award'.

However, these efforts have not achieved optimal results, because the percentage of classes with passing rate less than 70% is still quite low. Therefore, It is needed to conduct an in-depth review with empirical data to get comprehensive information about the factors that influence the passing rate of core competency courses in the Faculty of Economics. The results are then expected to be useful as one of the considerations for determining the policies and efforts to improve the teaching process of Faculty core competency courses. This study will examine whether the lecturer profile, student satisfaction rate that represented by lecture performance score and teaching methodology have a contribution to the passing rate.

Keywords—faculty core competency courses, lecturer profile, student satisfaction rate, teaching methodology, passing rate


The deformation of a volume of sand comes about from particle rearrangement to new posi- tions, and from particle crushing at larger stresses. It is desirable to be able to quantify the level of crushing inside a sand, as this affects the grain size distribution of the sample, which is directly linked to its permeabil- ity. In addition, under certain conditions, which need to be clarified, the crushing of one particle may lead to the crushing of a near neighbour, ultimately leading to the formation of a propagating compaction band. An attempt will be presented here to understand and predict the extent of crushing using a statistical analysis based on the results of discrete element simulations. The distributions of intergranular contact forces inside a DEM model of a sand will be coupled with an idealised distribution of crushing strengths of the sand grains. These will be combined to obtain the probabilities of crushing of grains within a stressed assembly. It is an- ticipated that DEM analyses and statistical reasoning may permit engineers to use grain-scale tests to predict the extent of crushing in a sample, and ultimately discriminate between cases of homogeneous crushing throughout a volume of sand and localised crushing in a compaction band.


In the teaching of listening in language pedagogy, there has been a tendency either to treat this skill as discrete from speaking, particularly as extended texts to be responded to after hearing them, or to focus on speaking rather than listening in the teaching of conversational skills. This paper argues that there are some important aspects of listening as an interactive skill that have been largely neglected. Amongst these are what have been characterised in the literature as backchannels (Yngve 1970), minimal response (e.g. Coates 1986) or receipt tokens (e.g. Heritage 1984a), and include items such as Yeah, Oh, Right, and Great. Such vocalisations produced by those in primarily listening roles at any particular moment in spoken interaction provide information to a primary speaker about how their contributions have been understood, and can have a crucial influence on the trajectory of talk. This paper argues that such items might profitably be taught as part of the development of conversational skills, and provides a characterisation of three of them, Yeah, Mm hm and Mm, to illustrate some of their characteristics in terms of placement in sequences of talk, prosodic shape, pause environment and speakership incipiency. Some comments on pedagogical implications are made.


Along with the rapid social progress,the information development in geological data has made a significant improvement in current years.However,the geological information development in China is too decentralized to satisfy the rapid growth of work involving in resources supplying,environmental protection,project construction and disaster mitigation with such low integration and narrow range of service.Then how to use resources now available efficiently for the benefit of the people has become one of the hot topics in the world.For the purpose of providing reference for the information industry of geological data in China,this paper would introduce the use of geological data in the United State,in particular for their operation mechanism of the geological data.Though analyzing of the mature information system in the US,we could take advantage of the experience from the US in establishment of service mechanism of geological data in China and closing the gap with Western countries in such areas.


Science Commons serves the advancement of science by contributing to the removal of unnecessary legal and technical barriers to scientific collaboration and innovation.

Built on the promise of Open Access to scholarly literature and data, Science Commons identifies and eases key barriers to the movement of information, tools and data through the scientific research cycle.

The long term vision of Science Commons is to provide more than just useful contracts. We will combine our publishing, data, and licensing approaches to develop solutions for a truly integrated and streamlined research process.


As the cut section size is more and more big,the regular of roadway supporting technology already cannot satisfy the requirement of coal mine,the bolt support technology is a good choice.Through theory and parameter design of bolt support technology,bolt support technology applied to Fen mining group in a certain coal mine were analyzed,and the results show that the bolt support effect is very good,this also shows in large-span selection during roadway bolt support technology is feasible.


Quantum fluctuations of the charge in the single electron box are investigated. The rounding of the Coulomb staircase caused by virtual electron tunneling is determined by perturbation theory up to third order in the tunneling conductance and compared with precise Monte Carlo data computed with a new algorithm. The remarkable agreement for large conductance indicates that presently available experimental data on Coulomb charging effects in metallic nanostructures can be well explained by finite order perturbative results.


We describe the longitudinal vibrations in a long narrow cylindrical rod of cross section area S. The rod is located along the x−axis, and we identify it with the interval [a, b] in R. The rod is assumed to stretch or contract in the horizontal direction, and we assume that the vertical plane cross-sections of the rod move only horizontally. Denote by u(x, t) the displacement in the positive direction from the point x ∈ [a, b] at the time t > 0. The corresponding displacement rate or velocity is denoted by v(x, t) ≡ ut(x, t). Let σ(x, t) denote the local stress , the force per unit area with which the part of the rod to the right of the point x acts on the part to the left of x. Since force is positive to the right, the stress is positive in conditions of tension. For a section of the rod, x1 < x < x2, the total (rightward) force acting on that section due to the remainder of the rod is given by ( σ(x2, t)− σ(x1, t) ) S .


The flexible curricula of the UAEM are based on an interdisciplinary model, which takes into account the integrative nature of the disciplinary universe as ...


Recently, mesh surfaces have become the focus of considerable interest due to its simplicity for data exchange and geometric computation. However, for mesh surface machining, there are few tool path planning strategies but iso-planar method. In this article, a contour-parallel tool path method is presented for machining complicated mesh surfaces with holes or islands by introducing a so-called one-step inverse approach based on physical plastic deformation of metal materials. By rapidly simulating for the inverse forming process of sheet metal of auto-body panels, the machined surfaces are flattened into its initial flat blank on which the cutter contact points are calculated by iteratively offsetting the inner and outer contours of the blank. Then, using the mapping from the machined surfaces to the blank as a guide, the planar offset curves without self-intersection are inversely mapped onto the original mesh surfaces, forming the final contour-parallel tool paths. Benefiting the flattening method based on one-step inverse approach, the task of generating tool paths is reduced from a physical surface to a plane so that geometric computation of tool path generation is greatly simplified, especially for self-intersection elimination in offset curves. Moreover, a new data structure of offset curve is also introduced, which is used to effectively compute the self-intersections. The proposed method has been tested on several sample surfaces, and the experimental results show that the proposed method can deal with complicated mesh surfaces with holes or islands and is also more efficient compared with the traditional methods.


Abstract Genetic differences among 442 Holstein-Friesian HIR herds that had been on test from March, 1952, to April, 1961, were examined. First lactations initiated at under 36 months of age for 37,890 individuals were studied by two approaches. In the first, differences between bull breeder herds were compared by the progeny test evaluation of sires produced in a specific herd but progeny tested in another herd. Among 19 breeder herds that sold a large number of sons to other herds, four times the variance of breeding values of those sons, attributable to the herd in which they were bred, represented 12.4 and 18.7% of the herd component for milk yield and percent fat. The mean genetic merit of 282 sons originating from these breeder herds was 92 kg of milk above the 479 sons from nonbreeder herds and 143 kg above the 67 sires originating from outside the United States. The second approach involved a comparison of the herd component of variance from multiherd progenies of sires with the herd component from single-herd progenies. The fraction of the herd variance for the population of 442 herds that was genetic was 9.3% for milk yield and 8.9% for fat per cent. The results indicate that the genetic differences among these Holstein HIR herds are small but real, contributing about 10% of the variance among herd averages for milk. While the herd average would be more useful to correct for environmental differences among herds, it also should receive some positive attention for estimating genetic differences between individuals in different herds.


The random seismic response of a SDOF consumption structure with supporting for viscous elastic damper were studied.Firstly,the structure equation of motion is established.Then the structural displacement response variance analytic solutions is gained with applying the frequency domain method solves the.And a numerical example is presented.The conspicuous damping effect and support shock effect of the damper is analyzed.


The invention presents a method for measuring the concentration of water in a light diffusing material comprising the steps of: - transmission by N light sources (2, 3) SLi wavelength beams Lambdai - an acquisition by M sensors (4) Pj sensitive in at least a portion of said wavelengths Lambdai - with M + N ≥ 3. The invention further comprises the steps of: - calculating a first representative Idif information broadcast, and a second information representative Iabs absorption, Sj in accordance with said signals and digital information representative of the scattering material on the one hand and said SLi sources and said second sensors Pj, - a calculating said concentration of water in the sample based on said second information Iabs.


Charmed hadron production as observed at the ISR has several remarkable features:

(1)

The total cross section for open charm production in pp- collisions at \( \sqrt s = 63 \) GeV is at the 1 mb level.1

(2)

Charmed hadrons are abundantly produced in the forward region of phase space. The pp → ΛcX distribution is roughly flat in xL;2

$$ \frac{{d\sigma }} {{dx_L }}\left( {pp \to \Lambda _c X} \right) \sim \left( {1 - x_L } \right)^{0.4} \cdot $$

(1)


Abstract 3981 Background: Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) can present with life threatening complications including lethal infections during the disease course. The mortality is high during the early period following diagnosis, mostly as a result of complications of the disease or treatment. It is not clear if we can identify patients at the highest risk of early death based on the presenting clinical and laboratory features. Methods: From among 1545 patients seen at our institution between Jan 1999 and Dec 2008, we identified 265 patients who died within 12 months of diagnosis. For each of these patients we identified two "controls" who had at least 12 months of follow up, were alive at the time of last follow up and were closest to the 'case9 patient in terms of time of diagnosis. We performed logistic regression using the clinical and laboratory features, to identify parameters that predict for 12-month mortality and to determine the best cutoffs. Results: This study included 265 patients as cases and 530 controls. The gender distribution was similar in the two groups. We examined the impact of age, performance status (PS), hemoglobin, platelets, serum creatinine, calcium, LDH, albumin, B2M, free light chain difference, plasma cell labeling index, ISS stage, risk category and exposure to novel agents upfront. Based on the results of univariate and then multivariate analysis – age> 72, ECOG PS>2, Calcium >11.3 and ISS stage 3 were found to be significant. We developed the risk score using 1 point for each adverse factor, Age> 72, PS > 2, ISS 3, and Calcium > 11.3. The odds ratio of patients dying in the first year was 2.7, 9.2 and 37 in the presence of one, two and three or more risk factors compared to none of the risk factors. We then looked at the impact of the initial therapy on outcome. 279 patients (35%) received one of the novel agents (thalidomide, lenalidomide or bortezomib) as initial therapy. The odds ratio for dying in the first year was 0.35 for patients receiving a novel agent compared to the rest. The impact of the novel agent was independent of the risk score, with the risk score predicting outcome in both groups. Conclusions: In newly diagnosed MM advanced age, poor performance status, ISS stage and high calcium were associated with early mortality. If eligible all patients should get the benefit of use of novel agent upfront. Identifying these patients at the time of diagnosis is important and should help develop better risk-adapted strategies. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The recycled concrete is an important way in the development of green concrete,its main feature is that some or all of the recycled aggregate replace natural aggregate.The performance of recycled aggregate is the key to guarantee the quality of the recycled concrete.In accordance with the"Ordinary concrete sand standards for the quality and examination methods"(JGJ 52—2006),the basic properties of the recycled concrete are tested.Compared to natural aggregate,the features of recycled aggregate show smaller apparent density,higher water absorption,moisture content and crushed index value,smaller needles content,more edges and corners.In addition,the test results are analyzed,proposing the views of some improvement.


Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) is intended to detect and correct all grammatical errors in given sentences. GEC is used to help L2 learners, who can obtain useful feedback from the corrections to improve their writing. GEC can also be applied to specific systems as an independent processor that corrects erroneous input/output data. In this paper, we propose a practical method that uses monolingual corpora to mitigate the lack of parallel data, which is essential to train a GEC model. We train a neural language model and apply it to the encoder of a neural machine translation (NMT) model to identify erroneous syllables clearly. The NMT model identifies more of the copied syllables that are correctly written, thus preventing the model from generating unnecessary corrections.


The large and growing number of international bodies is creating overlapped, and scattered efforts, especially as some lack the resources or the ability to implement and sustain their work. This paper examines how the Group of Twenty (G20) can become a platform for different organizations, including international non-governmental organizations and civil society, to cooperate on addressing global issues through an inclusive approach. It suggests how the G20 can play a role in streamlining the coordination process through steering committees to engage with relevant international and regional organizations and local stakeholders on issues requiring concerted action. This would help to avoid the duplication and fragmentation of efforts and to ensure resource sustainability. required to meet global challenges. The challenges that require such strategic guidance and inclusive coordination are changing demographics and economic balances; global interdependencies in trade, energy, health, migration, illicit drugs, environmental, and security areas; and the new and growing risks of financial imbalances, energy insecurity, climate change, and global pandemics (Bradford and Johannes 2007).


In the North Atlantic region, Caledonian and Grenvillian terrains are exposed on Svalbard, Greenland, Great Britain, Canada and Scandinavia. Reconstructing the original configuration of these terra ...


The ALMA interferometer, with its unprecedented combination of high-sensitivity and high-angular resolution, allows for (sub-)mm wavelength mapping of protostellar systems at Solar System scales. Astrochemistry has benefited from imaging interstellar complex organic molecules in these jet-disk systems. Here we report the first detection of methanol (CH3OH) and methyl formate (HCOOCH3) emission towards the triple protostellar system VLA1623–2417 A1+A2+B, obtained in the context of the ALMA Large Program FAUST. Compact methanol emission is detected in lines from Eu = 45 K up to 61 K and 537 K towards components A1 and B, respectively. LVG analysis of the CH3OH lines towards VLA1623–2417 B indicates a size of 0${_{.}^{\prime\prime}}$11–0${_{.}^{\prime\prime}}$34 (14-45 au), a column density N(CH3OH) = 1016–1017 cm−2, kinetic temperature ≥ 170 K, and volume density ≥ 108 cm−3. An LTE approach is used for VLA1623–2417 A1, given the limited Eu range, and yields Trot ≤ 135 K. The methanol emission around both VLA1623–2417 A1 and B shows velocity gradients along the main axis of each disk. Although the axial geometry of the two disks is similar, the observed velocity gradients are reversed. The CH3OH spectra from B shows two broad (4–5 km s−1) peaks, which are red- and blue-shifted by ∼ 6–7 km s−1 from the systemic velocity. Assuming a chemically enriched ring within the accretion disk, close to the centrifugal barrier, its radius is calculated to be 33 au. The methanol spectra towards A1 are somewhat narrower (∼ 4 km s−1), implying a radius of 12–24 au.


The stormwater runoff is a primary carrier of non -point source pollutants to surface waters such as streams and reservoirs. Therefore, water quality varies highly with flow rate in the non-point source dominated surface waters. The existing water quality criteria have commonly been developed for the flow condition under which point source pollutants are dominant but not for the flow condition under which non -point sources are dominant. This study took Whippany River watershed, NJ as an example to demonstrate how the fecal coliform count varied greatly with the stream flow rate, and how the required reduction level for fecal coliform load would vary greatly depending on the flow condition chosen to meet the numerical water quality criteria. A calibrated watershed model was used to calculate the required load reduction levels for given flow conditions. A statistical method used to develop fecal coliform TMDLs was reviewed and its application results were compared with the watershed modeling results. It is recommended that the flow condition under which a TMDL is developed be quantified, using a calibrated watershed model, in order to achieve a better consistency in the required pollutant load reduction and to b etter educate the stakeholders.


Quantative Structure Activity Relationship analysis was performed using 159 molecules active against ERBB2 kinase inhibitory activity, where IC50 was converted into pIC50. The statistically suitable QSAR model was PIC50 = -0.27351(+/-1.85955) -0.02792(+/-0.08389) ALogP -2.14626(+/-1.14052) SpMin3_Bhv -1.32984(+/-0.13918) ntN +0.21209(+/-0.02129) ETA_Beta_ns (SEE :0.63346, r^2 :0.56219, r^2 adjusted :0.54627, F :35.31334 (DF :4, 110) which suggest that electron-richness of the molecule (ETA_Beta_ns) will create positive response and Ghose-Crippen LogKow value (ALogP), Smallest absolute eigenvalue of Burden modified matrix - n 3 / weighted by relative van der Waals volumes (SpMin3_Bhv) and number of atom type E state (ntN) cause negative response in biological activity. Then the model was validated by Golbraikh and Tropsha acceptable criteria as Q^2: 0.51805 Passed (Threshold value Q^2>0.5),r^2 :0.60327 Passed(Threshold value r^2>0.6), |r0^2-r'0^2|:0.18983 Passed (Threshold value |r0^2-r'0^2|<0.3. The External Validation Parameters(Without Scaling): r^2 :0.60327 and external Validation parameters (After Scaling): rm^2 :0.5955. The model was cross validated using Leave-One-Out (LOO) process with Q2:0.51805, PRESS: 48.59098, SDEP :0.65002.So the QSAR model was suitable for future development.


In very crowded fields, the modulation of the background by the sea of unresolved faint sources induces centroid shifts. The errors increase with the number of sources per beam. Even the most optimistic simulations of imaging data show that position errors can become severe (on the order of the beam size) at flux levels at which images contain 1/50 to 1/15 sources per beam, depending on the slope of the number-flux relation d log N/d log S. These problems are expected to be significant for recent observations of faint submillimeter sources and may be the reason that some sources appear to lack optical counterparts.


This article proposes a reflection about the efforts of Fernando de Azevedo for the institutionalization of the sociology in Brazil. It focus his important role in the process of modernization occurred in this Nation during the decades of 1930's to 1960's. So, the paper intends to articulate the "text" and the "context" as a method driven, and defines as a hypothesis the institutional trajectory as well the theoretical works of Fernando Azevedo as an useful tool to revise the major explanations about the history of the Social Sciences in Brazil, especially the interpretations that have been accentuated the process of institutionalization of the sociology as a science. This theoretical option means that the date birth of the Social Sciences, for this current, should be the decade of 1960's. This article, however, intends another approach by focusing the role of Fernando de Azevedo in this process of modernization as well in the area of the Social Science and its history.


The Pythagorean discovery that the ratio of the diagonal (diameter) and side of a square cannot be expressed as the ratio of two positive integers means in modern language that is not a rational number. The above incommensurability had a great e ect on Greek philosophy and mathematics. Many papers deal with it and its impact, but relatively few with the approximation of the ratio in question. Even not Euclid's Elements that was purely theoretical and neglected the calculation methods. The aim of our paper to analyse the sources and the literature on this problem and give a new (and hopefully a satisfactory) explanation of Pythagorean's approximation method, i.e. of their so-called side and diagonal (or diameter) numbers. Acta Mathematica Academiae Paedagogicae Ny regyh aziensis 15 (1999), 1{7


The periodic divergence of stress applied by ocean tidal currents to sea ice affects the time‐averaged ice concentration (Cice) and heat and freshwater fluxes at the ocean surface. We demonstrate that, at sufficiently high latitudes, tidal variability in Cice can be extracted from single‐swath data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer–EOS (AMSR‐E) satellite passive microwave sensor, although time intervals between swaths are irregular. For the northwest Ross Sea where tidal currents are large, tidal divergence is the dominant cause of Cice variability in winter, with a range of ±0.2 about a mean of ~0.8. Daily‐averaged Cice values vary from >0.9 at neap tides to ~0.7 at spring tides. Variability at the fundamental tidal periods is about half that expected from an inverse barotropic tide model for the Ross Sea, suggesting that the measured tidal signal in Cice may be used to diagnose sea ice mechanical properties and ice/ocean coupling.


A method for hydrolyzing/condensing, by acid catalysis, silanes bearing hydrolyzable groups, preferably halogenosi lanes and more preferably still chlorosilanes, in a polyphase reaction medium (preferably biphasic), includes contacting the silanes bearing the hydrolyzable groups with water, buffer Solution and neutralizing agent, while stirring, then in sepa rating the aqueous phase from the organic phase, which con tains the hydrolysis/condensation products, namely hydroxy lated polyorganosiloxanes; such method is characterized by (a) employing intensively stirring means producing, in the reaction medium, an agitation at least equivalent to that induced by a shearing corresponding to that provided by a rotor whereof the peripheral speed is not less than 8 m.s', preferably not less than 10 m.s', and more preferably still ranging between 15 and 20 m.s', enabling thus organic phase droplets to be formed, of d less than 500 um; and (b) ensuring that the silanes/aqueous phase mass fraction is not less than 0.05, preferably not less than 0.10, and more pref erably still ranging from 0.5 to 2.0.


The kinetics of oxidation of thiosemicarbazide (TSC) by potassium bromate have been studied in aqueous percbloric acid and water-acetic acid (1 : 1, v/v) media. The rate shows first order kinetics in [oxidant] and positive dependence in [H+] in both the media. It exhibits fractional and first order kinetics in [TSC] in aqueous and water-acetic acid media, respectively. Addition or KBr has little effect on the rates. Increase in ionic strength of the medium decreases the rat• while increase in acetic acid composition of the solvent increases the rate. The mechanisms consistent with the observed results have been discussed. The validity of the rate laws is also tested by recalculating the rate constants as [TSC] and [H+] are varied.


Treatment of the tripod compounds tripodCoCl2 (1), and tripodCoCl (2), [tripod = CH3C(CH2PPh2)3] in THF solution under argon atmosphere with strong reducing agents such as KC8 leads to the generation of reactive species. While the dinitrogen compound tripodCo(N2)Cotripod (3), which is formed under N2 atmosphere, is rather unreactive, the species formed under argon atmosphere undergo selective reactions with compounds containing P−H or Sn−H functions. With PhPH2 as the reagent, the diphosphene compound tripodCo(η2-PhP=PPh) (8), is formed in a yield (44%) similar to that achieved in the preparation of 8 from 2 and PhPHNa (60%). With Ph3SnH as the reagent, tripodCoSnPh3 (9), is obtained (yield 61%), while reaction with Bu3SnH produces tripodCo(H)2SnBu3 (10a, 50%). The CoI species 9 undergoes oxidative addition of dihydrogen to produce the CoIII compound tripodCo(H)2SnPh3 (10b), which is an analogue of 10a. The properties of these new compounds are characterized by the usual analytical techniques, including NMR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and X-ray analysis.


This paper presents efficient modeling technique using the p-convergent transition element for analysis of cantilever plates with stepped section. For the efficient modeling, firstly, the high-precision element is formulated by combination of one- and two-dimensional shape functions. Secondly, for another three-dimensional modeling, the reduced-precision element is proposed by assuming a piecewise linear variation of in-plane displacements and a constant value of the lateral displacement across the thickness. Thirdly, two-dimensional shell element with higher-order shape functions is formulated using first-order shear deformation theory. Lastly, the p-convergent transition element is proposed in order to connect three element types formulated. All the elements considered are on the basis of subparametric element concept. The elements are applied with cantilever plates with stepped section subjected to in-plane and transversal loadings. The present models using the p-convergent transition element are demonstrated to be more practical and economical than previously p-version FEM using only single element type.


Dopamine dilates the renal vascular bed by a nonadrenergic mechanism but does not cause similar dilation in the femoral vascular bed (McNay et al. , 1965) . The chemical structure required for such renal vasodilation was investigated by injecting 44 phenylethylamines and apomorphine into the renal artery of anesthetized dogs. Renal blood flow was measured by an electromagnetic flowmeter. A compound was considered to exert dopamine-like activity if it dilated the renal vascular bed after administration of phenoxybenzamine and propranolol, but did not dilate the femoral vascular bed under similar conditions. Only the N-methyl analog of dopamune, Epinune, possessed unequivical dopamine-like activity. Amines with other substitutions on either the benzene ring or the side chain of the dopamine molecule did not exhibit such activity. Apomorphine appeared to produce renal vasodilating actions similar to, but less potent than, those of dopamine. These studies indicate that the molecular structural requirements for dopamine-like renal vasodilation are more specific than those for the alpha and beta adrenergic effects of sympathomimetic amines.


RIKEN Masaki Moriguchi A curve skeleton of a 3D object is a one-dimensional structure that concisely represents its geometry and topology. Curve skeletons are used in various applications, such as character animation and shape matching, and many extraction methods have been proposed. One of the simplest methods to extract curve skeletons from surface meshes is based on edge contraction, but conditions on edge contraction to preserve the homotopy type are unknown. In this research, we provide conditions for homotopy-preserving edge contraction.


A thin lens model is the simplest way to describe the refractive properties of a lens in geometric optics or Fourier optics. In this model, only paraxial rays are considered, and the thickness d of the lens is assumed to be thin compared to the focal length f of the lens d ≪ f.

The human visual system is a part of the central nervous system and can process image information perceived by the human eyes. Understanding the characteristics of the human visual system is an important criterion to determine the specifications of display devices. The human visual system can perceive color, spatial resolution, depth, and time resolution. These perceivable features of the human visual system can be regarded as references in the effort to improve the quality of display devices.


Developmental sequences of terminal follicles in laboratory-reared females and!or various reproductive characteristics, e.g., parity, follicular development and egg retention in field-caught females of hematophagous tabanids were observed to determine the rnodes of their reproduction. Out of 25 Hokkaido species (including 2 subspecies) studied, 12 proved to be autogenous in the first gonotrophic cycle while 13 were anautogenous. Most of the local populations of autogenous species (or subspecies) exhibited more than 90% parity whereas average parous rates of anautogenous species were less than 50%. The criteria were proposed for the distinction between autogenous and anautogenous populations based on the parity study in field-caught fernale tabanids. Seasonal changes of parous rates were presented for several anautogenous species in different habitats representing different densities of probable host animals for tabanids. Different host densities at the collection sites did not necessarily cause different patterns in seasonal changes of parous rates in host-seeking populations. Terminal follicles in ovaries among field-caught females ranged between Mer's stages I-V with most flies in stage II, I-II or I but stages III-V follicles were rather frequently observed in a few autogenous species. Appearance rates of flies with retained eggs in parous females were higher in the species which had a larger number of ovarioles.


This article addresses work to develop core technology for high pressure die casting in order to enable high volume and low-cost manufacturing of lightweight automotive components with complex hollow structural shapes. Although experimental verification of the concept using a part with simplified geometry looks promising, the technique requires further testing using commercial components with internal cavities of complex geometry.


Objective
To investigate the posttraumatic growth (PTG) of pediatric patients with recurrent respiratory tract infection, to analyze its influencing factors and to provide a reference for further clinical interventions.

Methods
The pediatric outpatients and inpatients with recurrent respiratory tract infection from the Children's Hospital of Hangzhou from March 2016 to May 2017 were selected using convenient sampling, and investigated with the general information questionnaire and Revised Posttraumatic Growth Inventory for Children (PTGI-CR) . Totally 97 questionnaires were distributed, and 95 valid questionnaires were collected.

Results
The PTGI-CR score of the 95 children with recurrent respiratory tract infection totaled (16.13±5.69) . There was statistically significant difference in PTG levels between pediatric patients with different sex, age, disease condition and parents' educational background (P<0.05) . Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that children's sex, age and their parents' educational background were the main factors affecting the PTG of pediatric patients with recurrent respiratory tract infection.

Conclusions
The pediatric patients' sex, age and parents' educational background were the main influencing factors for their PTG. It is recommended nursing workers take targeted measures according to the influencing factors so as to improve the quality of life of the children and their parents.

Key words:
Children; Respiratory tract infection; Traumatology; Influencing factors


Objective To discuss on the impact of ambient temperature on active humidifier′s performance and airway humidification. Methods The patients with ventilator were divided into four groups according to the type of the heated humidifier (MR410,MR730)and ambient temperature(26 ℃~28 ℃,18 ℃~20 ℃),then the temperature of the inlet chamber,the temperature and humidity of the outlet chamber and the aspiratory chamber and the airway secretions characteristics of each group were compared. Results With MR410,lower ambient temperature could decrease the absolute humidity of the inspired gas,which made the patients′ airway secretions thick. With MR730,higher ambient temperature could decrease the absolute humidity and relative humidity of the inspired gas,which made the patient′s airway secretions relatively thick. Conclusion During mechanical ventilation,the ambient temperature have different impacts on the two active humidifier′s performance,and on curative effect of the airway humidification.


Natal dispersal is a three-phase process: the decision to leave the natal range, the search phase and finally the settlement phase. Not much is known about the search phase in large herbivores. We quantified the search behaviour of young roe deer from two contrasting populations, using different measures: search area, search rate, search intensity and philopatry of the search. A Principal Component Analysis showed that most measures were highly correlated. Comparing the first axis from this analysis between adult and young roe deer from the two different populations while controlling for habitat quality, we found that the young occupied a larger area, ranged on average farther away and performed more excursions than adults, regardless of their sex. These findings support the hypothesis that young roe deer explore their environment before definitively leaving their natal home range and settling in their adult range.


We report an initial experimental survey of spin-Hall torques generated by the rare-earth metals Gd, Dy, Ho, and Lu, along with comparisons to first-principles calculations of their spin Hall conductivities. Using spin torque ferromagnetic resonance (ST-FMR) measurements and DC-biased ST-FMR, we estimate lower bounds for the spin-Hall torque ratio, $\xi_{SH}$, of $\approx$ 0.04 for Gd, $\approx$ 0.05 for Dy, $\approx$ 0.14 for Ho, and $\approx$ 0.014 for Lu. The variations among these elements are qualitatively consistent with results from first principles (density functional theory, DFT, in the local density approximation with a Hubbard-U correction). The DFT calculations indicate that the spin Hall conductivity is enhanced by the presence of the partially-filled $f$ orbitals in Dy and Ho, which suggests a strategy to further strengthen the contribution of the $f$ orbitals to the spin Hall effect by shifting the electron chemical potential.


In this paper we review the main properties of CW optical parametric oscillators (OPO) and in particular the output power values and the frequency tuning properties of the singly, doubly and triply resonant configurations. We study the mode coupling and competition between the different Gaussian modes sustained by the OPO cavity, and show that in the stationary regime and for a non-degenerate cavity the oscillation on a single pair of modes is the only stable configuration.


An analysis is presented for the free vibration of an oblique circular cylindrical shell. For this purpose, the shell is transformed into a circular cylindrical shell of unit axial length by a transformation of variables. The deflection displacements of the transformed shell are expressed in a series of the products of the eigenfunctions of an axial beam and the trigonometric functions of angular coordinate. The dynamical energies of the shell are evaluated, and the frequency equation is derived by the Ritz method. This method is applied to free‐clamped oblique shells truncated at the free edge, and the natural frequencies and the mode shapes are calculated numerically up to higher modes.


The infrared spectra of matrix isolated NbF5 as well as some gas phase spectra have been observed. These spectra have been obtained using double boiler Knudsen cells. An interpretation of the spectra to yield the six infrared active frequencies of a C4v monomeric structure for NbF5 is advanced.


A detailed theoretical discussion is given of the linear electric field effect occurring in electron paramagnetic resonance spectra from Cu2+ ions residing in tetrahedral crystal fields. Contributions from both the electronic effect and ionic effect components to the g shift are derived from basic principles for examples in which the trigonal or tetragonal distortions of the tetrahedron occur. The electronic effect arises because the ground state of Cu2+ consists of hybrids of 3d and 4p orbitals, while the ionic effect occurs because the change in crystal field due to the relative displacement of the ligand ions is linear in the applied electric field as a tetrahedron has no centre of symmetry. A measurable g shift is predicted for the trigonally distorted example only. From the theory discussed it is generally expected that the relative amounts of the two effects will vary considerably with both the host lattice and ion.


After having revisited the legacy of the last Ottoman khalifes, Abdulhamid II, Mehmed Rechad Vahdeddin and Abdulmajid, this article tries to answer the following question: why the suppression of the khilafat, which took place shortly after the abolition of the Ottoman Sultanate and which undeniably constituted a further step in the establishment of the Kemalist dictatorship, was so easy to carry out. Why, while other Kemalist "reforms", such as the imposition of the Western-style hat, provoked massive contests throughout Anatolia, the abolition of the khilafat did not trigger a mass-reaction? Why the last defenders of the khilafat were some marginalized Westernised members of the intelligentsia and not the ulema or Islamist intellectuals? The answer to this complex question seems to quite simple: if the suppression of the khilafat required only a couple of days, the reason was that this more than millenary institution was a de facto anachronism in Turkey of 1924.


Biosolids' use in agriculture is an example of industrial symbiosis. The application of biosolids (BS) in agriculture is considered one of the most sustainable sewage sludge (SS) management options, but the quality of biosolids has to meet certain requirements regarding the characteristics of the sludge, those of the land and of the type of crop. Web of Science database has been used to search for the relevant literature. The review of studies undertaken in order to determine the economic effects of the use of biosolids in agriculture shows, in the majority, an increase in crop yield and the reduction in costs, due to the reduction in the requirements for the application of chemical or synthetic fertilizers. If the entire sewage sludge production in Romania for 2019 had been used as fertilizer, the estimated cost reduction for farmers would have been almost 3 million Euros—considering the 230.59 thousand tons of dry matter produced in 2019. The estimated savings for 2019 of the sewage and water utilities, if the sewage sludge had been used in agriculture instead of depositing it at the landfill, would have been about 3.9 million Euros. However, the limits of the symbiosis are due to the size of the farms, the type of plants cultivated, pH, slope inclination, heavy metal content and social acceptance. It is impossible to use all the sewage sludge in agriculture, but these figures are a good estimation of the economic effects.


A novel frequency agile multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) patch antenna based on a reconfigurable feedline is proposed. The proposed antenna structure has two hexagonal‐shaped patch antenna elements. A defected ground structure having hexagonal shape is included in the ground plane to make the design compact and improve isolation among antenna elements. Further compactness is achieved using reactive loading. Frequency reconfigurability is realized by employing varactor diodes in the microstrip feedline. The proposed antenna achieves a frequency reconfigurable band with wide tuning range from 1.42 to 2.27 GHz with good gain and efficiency. Furthermore, an envelope correlation coefficient value of less than 0.2 and minimum isolation of 12 dB was achieved, displaying good MIMO performance. The presented antenna has a planar, low profile design with compact size of 100 × 50 mm2. Thus, frequency agility, wide range tuning, compactness, and planar structure of the proposed antenna design make it suitable for modern wireless handheld devices particularly in cognitive radio applications.


Abstract Using lactose as a base for soluble tablets, experiments with different granulating agents and lubricants were made in an effort to obtain a practical working formula. Additional reports include findings on the relationship of mesh‐size of granulation to ease of compression and amount of lubricant required for compression. A formula and procedure for soluble compressed tablets is given and two soluble lubricants are suggested.


The invention provides a stator for an electric rotating machine, which can decreases diameter, scatter load and reduce component number. The stator for an electric rotating machine has iron core fastening members 2 on the outer circumferential surface of a stator iron core 1, spaced apart from one another in a circumferential direction and fastened to the iron core in an axial direction. Holding rings 3 on the outer circumferential surface of the iron core, spaced apart from one another in the axial direction, press the iron core toward a center portion thereof via the iron core fastening members. Ring-shaped inner frame members 5 protrude from the inner surface of a frame that encloses the iron core, and are spaced apart from one another in the axial direction. Elastic supporting members 6 are fixed to the inner circumferential surfaces of the inner frame members that are adjacent to one another, and are fixed to the outer circumferential surfaces of the holding rings at the middle in the axial direction, or vice versa.


Established methods of treating cerebral palsy are re‐examined in the light of recently introduced techniques based on neurophysiological approaches. These aim to control involuntary movements and encourage voluntary activities through the utilisation of reflex mechanisms in the central nervous system. Inhibition, facilitation, integration of synergic movements and balance attainment are among the principles employed. The same principles can be constructively applied to bracing as a therapeutic technique. Properly made, a lower extremity brace is a highly effective adjunct in the treatment of cerebral palsy.


Objectives:To assess whether the use of iodinated contrast medium increases the incidence of acute kidney injury in ICU patients, compared with patients not receiving iodinated contrast medium. Design:Prospective observational matched cohort study. Setting:Two ICUs in two tertiary teaching hospitals. Patients:A total of 380 adults were included (20% more than once), before an iodinated contrast medium infusion (contrast inclusions, n = 307) or before an intrahospital transfer without iodinated contrast medium infusion (control inclusions, n = 170). Interventions:None. Measurements and Main Results:Among contrast inclusions, iodinated contrast medium–associated acute kidney injury occurred after 23 administrations (7.5%) according to the Acute Kidney Injury Network definition (stage ≥ 1, over 48 hr). As expected, a broader definition (≥ 25% increase in serum creatinine over 72 hr) yielded a greater incidence (16%). In 146 pairs of contrast and control inclusions, matched on propensity for iodinated contrast medium infusion, the incidence of acute kidney injury was similar (absolute difference in incidence, 0%; 95% confidence interval, –5.2; 5.2%), Acute Kidney Injury Network definition). Hospital mortality was also similar in 71 contrast and 71 control patients included only once and matched the same way. Contrary to iodinated contrast medium infusion (odds ratio, 1.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.69–3.53), the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score at inclusion (odds ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.07–1.31) and the number of other nephrotoxic agents (odds ratio, 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.85) were independent risk factors for acute kidney injury. Conclusions:The specific toxic effect of monomeric nonionic low-osmolar iodinated contrast medium in ICU patients with multiple renal aggressions seemed minimal. Severity of disease and the global nephrotoxic burden were risk factors for acute kidney injury, regardless of iodinated contrast medium infusion.


Nonlinear optical (NLO) activity of a molecule in general is connected to fundamental issues like charge transfer, conjugation, polarization, and recently suggested and less investigated diradical character. Extensively studied molecules for negative second order hyperpolarizabilities are the centrosymmetric squaraine derivatives (SQ) which have absorption in the region greater than 600 nm. These have no formal electronic structure but can be represented as a mixture of zwitterionic and diradicaloid valence bond resonance structures. In this work we have designed and synthesized arylamino SQ, 1−10, which bias the valence bond resonance picture completely to the zwitterionic type and totally eliminates the diradicaloid contribution (estimated using computational studies to be zero). Due to this, the lowest energy transitions are blue-shifted to the region less than 500 nm. We have carried out degenerate four wave mixing (DFWM) studies for estimation of γ values of these molecules using a 800 nm wavelength ...


Uncertainty and information asymmetry are often considered to be foundations of medical market failure and government intervention,however,the excessive government intervention will lead to distortion of medical reputation mechanism.Reform the current medical and health system which disseparation of supervisor and service supply,use market reputation to replace governmental administrative intervention,through repeated games to establish long-term and stable relations between doctors and patients,solve the problem in medical and health field.


As we know all structural systems are enclosed with infill and they improve the performance of a structure during earthquakes in spite of this also it is considered as non-structural elements due to the negligence of the interaction of infill with the frame. Now days, flat slab system became widespread and gaining prominence as they possess lot of benefits against the conventional beam column connection in terms of architectural flexibility and economical in point of view. For this we proposed a flat slab structure with drop. A G+ 30 storey building with 7 bays in both directions with spacing of 6m was considered. The flat slab frame with masonry infill with and without perimeter beams by varying infill percentage at various sections such as 12.25%infill in inner core, 20% infill in second core, 30%infill in outer core and 50%infill in double outer core over the total area of building were considered. The structure was modeled using E-tabs for Bhuj earthquake time history analysis. After analysis the results of displacement, overturning moment and storey shear were tabulated.


Digital court can resolve many shortcomings existed in the traditional court trial systems,such as low efficiency,high cost,and great risk etc.In this paper,the digital court remote trial system conducted by the Intermediate People's Court of Hangzhou is considered as the research background,the framework,key techniques and realization methods of the remote trial system are discussed,and typical runtime results of this system are presented.The results show that the remote trial system can dramatically improve efficiency of judgment,save the police forces and transportation cost,reduce risk of detains as well as supporting for questioning witnesses in another area and protecting the vulnerable witness.It has the broad application prospect and profound social benefits.


This paper tries to analyze the errors arising in translation of legal documents from English to Persian. Most of the researchers conducted on explaining the complexity of legal language, has shown that vocabulary and terminology has justifiably received the most attention, as lexis fulfills the symbolic or representational function of language better than any other linguistic component. Consequently it has been supposed that in legal translation, just finding appropriate equivalent for vocabulary and terminology is sufficient. But in this paper, which examines the errors occurred in English –Persian translation of legal documents, the translated text will be analyzed at sentence level based on a meaning-based functional approach ; i.e. Systemic Functional Grammar Approach (SFG) to see whether we can apply it as an objective criteria for error analysis of translated legal documents & how. For this purpose, nine error categories were considered; including interpersonal, textual, logical and experiential metafunctions and in order to understand experiential meaning, it was broken into three functional constituents; that is participant, process and circumstance. Further to the above categories, three other issues, including mistranslation, omission and word choice were considered, as well. Then while dividing the legal text into separate sentences, each sentence was analyzed according to these categories. The results of this research show that SFG approach would be an appropriate criteria and scale for evaluating the accuracy of the legal documents translation, not only for legal translators in producing an accurate and perfect translation, but also for teachers in evaluating the students' translation abilities, objectively.


Background and Purpose— Assessing poststroke depression may be complicated by aphasia, other cognitive deficits, and several somatic stroke-related symptoms. We studied the possible differences in performance of some commonly used instruments in screening depression after stroke. Methods— We compared the Beck Depression Inventory, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Visual Analogue Mood Scale, proxy assessment, and Clinical Global Impression of the nursing and study personnel, together with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd Edition, Revised diagnosis, in assessing depression after stroke in a follow-up study of 100 patients. The patients were studied at 2 weeks and at 2, 6, 12, and 18 months after stroke. Results— The feasibility rates of all assessment instruments studied were fairly similar, but the prevalence rates differed according to the assessment instruments, varying from the lowest rates with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd Edition, Revised-...


In this paper a parametric study on the excimer laser micromachining of silicon (Si) is conducted and a Michelson interferometer is used for the in-situ diagnostics of the machining depth on the sub-micron and micron scales. An excimer laser of wave length 308 nm is used for the micromachining process. A He-Ne laser of 632.8 nm wavelength is used as the light source for the interferometer and the setup consists of a beam splitter, beam expander and other optics. The interference patterns caused due to the change in the path length between the two interferometer arms gives the machined depth information. These interference patterns are captured by using a photodiode and an oscilloscope. Results from the interferometer are compared with the actual depth measurements obtained by using a surface profilometer in combination with an optical microscope. It is observed that the depths of machining obtained by the surface profile measurement are in accordance with the interferometer measurements with a very high accuracy. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of applying this system for the in-situ monitoring of the micromachining process.


This paper employs structural equation modeling to examine the relations between corporate governance, managers' independence, exporting and performance of companies in Poland and Hungary. It is found that managers' independence is positively associated with exporting and performance. In line with "learning-by-exporting" framework, exporting positively affects performance. Managers' independence is positively associated with the percentage of board seats held by foreign investors, but it is negatively associated with ownership concentration.


There have been problems in institutions of higher education such as people lay more stress on science than arts, the education of arts and excellent Chinese traditional culture are ignored. To counter this tendency, `let excellent Chinese traditional poems and literary works enter university classrooms' is raised and advocated. It is an important way of improving university students' quality in arts. Excellent Chinese traditional poems and literary works should be a major course of students in institutions of higher education of different levels. Knowledge economy and information age demand for it. Quality education and the development of pioneering capacity demand for it. The carrying on of traditional culture demands for it. In Normal Universities, teachers who portray human soul demand more badly for it.lent Chi


Context. Relativistic jets are ubiquitous in astrophysics. High-mass microquasars (HMMQs) are useful laboratories for studying these jets because they are relatively close and evolve over observable timescales. The ambient medium into which the jet propagates, however, is far from homogeneous. Corresponding simulation studies to date consider various forms of a wind-shaped ambient medium, but typically neglect radiative cooling and relativistic effects. Aims. We investigate the dynamical and structural effects of radiative losses and system parameters on relativistic jets in HMMQs, from the jet launch to its propagation over several tens of orbital separations. Methods. We used 3D relativistic hydrodynamical simulations including parameterized radiative cooling derived from relativistic thermal plasma distribution to carry out parameter studies around two fiducial cases inspired by Cygnus X-1 and Cygnus X-3. Results. Radiative losses are found to be more relevant in Cygnus X-3 than Cygnus X-1. Varying jet power, jet temperature, or the wind of the donor star tends to have a larger impact at early times, when the jet forms and instabilities initially develop, than at later times when the jet has reached a turbulent state. Conclusions. Radiative losses may be dynamically and structurally relevant at least for Cygnus X-3 and thus should be examined in more detail.


Optimal Trading Ratios for Pollution Permit Markets / Stephen Holland & Andrew J. Yates. NBER, January 2014 (Working Paper No. 19780) Draft : http://bae.uncg.edu/econ/files/2013/10/Holland-Yates-Michigan.pdf Authors's abstract : We analyze a novel method for improving the efficiency of pollution permit markets by optimizing the way in which emissions are exchanged through trade. Under full-information, it is optimal for emissions to exchange according to the ratio of marginal damages. However...


Automatic orbital GTAW (TIG) welding is certain to play an increasingly prominent role in tomorrow's technology. The welds are of the highest quality and the repeatability of automatic weldings is vastly superior to that of manual welding. Since less heat is applied to the weld during automatic welding than manual welding, there is less change in the metallurgical properties of the ~arent material. In stainless steel pipe and tube, this process can eliminate carbide precipitation and reduce the tendency towards IGSCC. The possibility of accurate control and the cleanliness of the automatic GTAW welding process make it highly suitable to the welding of the more exotic and expensive materials which are now widely used in the aerospace and hydrospace industries. Titanium, stainless steel, Inconel, and Incoloy as well as aluminum can all be welded to the highest quality specifications automatically. Automatic orbital GTAW equipment is available for the fusion butt welding of tube-to-tube as well as tube to autobuttweld fittings. The same equipment can also be used for the fusion butt welding of up to 6-inch pipe with a wall thickness of up to 0.154 inches. To weld pipe from 1-1/2 inches and up with heavier wall thicknesses requiring the use of filler wire, automatic orbital GTAW pipe welding systems with remote welding capabilities are available. These technologies have already been widely used in various aerospace applications such as: aircraft fuel and hydraulic lines, space shuttle module lines and aircraft drop tanks. ~pplications for hydrospace include underwater hyperbaric welding in high pressure, mixed gas atompheres using both semiautomated and automated processes.. Undoubtedly, automatic orbital GTAW will find a wider application in future systems. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19860001762 2019-08-19T02:10:24+00:00Z


the paper discusses ways of enhancing lexical acquisition within Ontological Semantic Technology without the detriment to the grain size of lexical coverage. The semi-automatic verb driven enhancer is introduced which derives nominal and adjectival senses from manually acquired verb senses by converting their case role fillers into complete sense templates. The declarative and procedural components of the enhancer are described, and its functionality is demonstrated.


In recent years, the public has been treated to a regular diet of sensational sexual abuse cases that have found their way into the courts. The Menendez brothers, who killed their parents, sought exculpation by claiming that extreme fear after years of psychological and sexual abuse propelled their crime. Lorena Bobbitt, who lopped off her husband's penis, mounted a successful insanity defense based on the battered wife syndrome. The legal defense of victimization has come to be called pejoratively the "abuse excuse." The law is all or nothing—you either win or you lose. Society in general and many health care professionals in particular also hold extreme black-andwhite views concerning victims and perpetrators of abuse. Dr Lamb, an assistant professor of psychology at Bryn Mawr College, attempts to bring balance to this emotionally overwrought subject. In a clearly written, well-reasoned book, the author announces her main premise early: "In this book


This study investigated the adsorption of elemental mercury (Hg0) on perfect and reduced Fe2O3[104] surfaces as well as analyzed the synergistic effect of Hg0 on the catalytic decomposition of CO on the reduced surfaces using density functional theory calculations. This study aimed to clarify the correlations among Hg0 adsorption, CO decomposition, and Fe2O3 reduction degree. Theoretical results indicated that Hg0 underwent Fe top site adsorption to Fe bridge site adsorption as Fe2O3 was reduced into iron. This phenomenon increased Eads with a local extreme of −2.063 eV for Hg0–Fe2O1.364. The adsorption of Hg0 decreased Eads for CO adsorption on the reduced Fe2O3 surfaces but promoted charge transfer from the surface to the adsorbed CO molecule. This event activated the C–O bond, favoring its decomposition. A kinetic model for catalytic CO decompositions with and without Hg0 further revealed the synergistic effect of Hg0 on carbon deposition and the relationship between the reaction rate and degree of che...


Recently, In the current situation there has been an outbreak known as COVID-19 (corona virus) causing
acute respiratory syndrome, first noticed in China and now a pandemic. Social media plays a crucial role in the current
scenario of the world being locked up and further leading to the social imbalance among people. The news scattered like
leaves about people attempting suicide.
In this chapter, we aim at providing the sentiment analysis on covid-19, about the people's reaction towards the decisions
made either by the government or the local authorities through Twitter. We propose a system which automates analyzing
the tweets and categorizing them into positive, negative or neutral sets. With the utilization of automata and NLP (natural
language processing) together the accuracy, quantization and prediction of the sets can be achieved. Classification can be
whether on a pattern based or a NLTK (Natural language toolkit). The classified results are further stored in the
structures that could be iterated while calling for the visualization.


Abstract We examined the nexus between four internal audit functions (IAF) and sustainability audits (SA) of manufacturing firms. The specific IAF employed in this study were; risk management practices (RMP), sustainability sensitivity (SS), internal audit effectiveness (IAE) and enactments, policies, standards, systems and procedures (EPS). In line with the four measures of IAE, the study puts forward to investigate four research hypotheses. The explanatory research design and quantitative research approach were applied to achieve the study's objective. A sample of 1340 managers of SMEs were invited to complete a standard questionnaire based on extensive evaluations of prior empirical investigations. The samples were chosen using a straightforward random process from a population of 2495 manufacturing companies. The results were estimated using the partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) method. Findings from the study divulged that internal audit effectiveness, risk management process and sustainability sensitivity had significant positive relationship with sustainability audits. It is important for the creation of an audit department, the hiring of a permanent internal auditor, the provision of suitable logistics, the training of personnel on the value of internal audit, and the use of internal auditing standards and principles in the report-writing process for an enhanced sustainability audit.


Sample container is conveyed by the rotor, is rotated, and the rotor is a centrifugal evaporator comprising a pivotably mounted chamber to sway so take rotates horizontally is described. The evaporator, the infrared radiation toward the sample container carried on the rotor and, at least the latter and infrared sources also heat any sample material. Non-contact temperature sensitive infrared pyrometer is mounted in a chamber having a sensor of a defined field of view, the rotor while substantially departing from the field of view, each sample container during a portion of rotation of each rotor to at least partially occupy the field of view of the pyrometer. Position of the infrared source and the pyrometer components, radiation from the infrared source is selected so as not to affect the pyrometer sensor. In particular, the radiation of the infrared source is mainly affects towards the sample container than the rotor. Position of the pyrometer sensor, the rotor is selected so as not to protrude into the field of view of the pyrometer. Rotational direction of the rotor, so that any debris thrown from the rotor is also directed away from the sensor. Temperature sensing means measuring chamber, a high temperature sensor body, and the temperature of the body of the chamber temperature sensor. Electric signal processing means receives a signal from the IR pyrometer sensor and the temperature sensing means, to adjust the temperature values from the IR pyrometer sensor, so as to consider the temperature of the chamber temperature and the sensor body.


Background The eye is a unique site where the retinal microvasculature can be seen and examined in a non-invasive fashion through retinal imaging. Abnormalities in the retinal microvascular calibres (both arteriolar and venular) as well as other retinal microvascular signs (arteriovenous nicking [AV nicking], focal arteriolar narrowing and retinopathy) have been shown to provide insights into the cumulative microcirculatory  effects  of  an  individual's  exposure  to  systemic  and  lifestyle  factors. Physical inactivity is an established risk factor for cardio-metabolic health, and the potential impact of sedentary behaviour (too much sitting) on health outcomes is being increasingly recognized. However, the associations of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour with the retinal microvasculature remain largely unknown. Aims This thesis examines the associations of physical inactivity and time spent in sedentary behaviours with the retinal microvasculature among adults in large, population-based studies; and, explores gender and racial/ethnic differences between population sub-groups in these associations. Methods and Results The empirical evidence for this thesis was largely derived from cross-sectional, large-scale population- based studies conducted in different parts of the world (Australia, USA, Asia). In these studies, the retinal microvasculature was assessed using retinal microvascular calibre (measured quantitatively) and/or retinal microvascular signs (graded qualitatively). Most of the studies used self-reported behavioural measures of leisure-time physical activity and television (TV) viewing time (a commonly assessed, and highly prevalent sedentary behaviour) as the exposure measures. However, there was the opportunity within one study to investigate the associations using objectively-derived (accelerometer) measures of physical activity and sedentary time. To complement this research, and to understand some of the nuances of objective measurement of sedentary time, a field based study was conducted to provide accelerometry-based cut-points for the classification of sitting. Evidence from Australia This study used data from 2,024 adults of a predominantly Caucasian origin, who participated in the baseline Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study (1999-2000). While no statistically significant association emerged for physical activity, more TV viewing among men was associated with a significantly wider venular calibre relative to lower amounts of TV viewing. This study provided the first evidence of adverse associations of TV viewing time with the microvasculature, thereby paving the way for further investigations in larger and more-varied population samples. Evidence from the USA A multi-ethnic population sample of nearly 6,000 adult participants from the USA (comprising whites, blacks, Hispanics and Chinese) were examined in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, MESA (2002-2004). Racial/ethnic differences were noted for the first time in this study in that those in the lowest quartile of leisure-time physical activity (among whites and Hispanics) had wider retinal venular calibres, compared to those in the highest quartile. Those in the highest quartile of TV viewing time (among whites) had wider venular calibres compared to those in the lowest quartile. Additionally, findings from the Atherosclerosis Risk-In-Communities (ARIC) study from the USA confirmed greater levels of sport-related physical activity to be beneficially associated with retinal microvascular signs among adults compared to lower amounts of physical activity. Finally, data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, NHANES (2005-06) provided the opportunity to explore associations of ActiGraph-derived measures of physical activity and sedentary time with retinal microvascular signs among 1,701 adults. Those in the lower two quartiles of physical activity had a significantly greater odds of AV nicking and focal arteriolar narrowing, compared to those in the highest quartile. Those with prolonged sedentary time had greater odds of AV nicking compared to those with the lowest sedentary time. Evidence from Asia The Singapore Prospective Study (2004-2007) allowed the examination of 3,866 Asian adults of Chinese, Indian and Malay origin. Lower levels of physical activity were associated with wider retinal venular calibre compared to the highest level. Greater TV viewing time (among women) showed detrimental associations with narrower retinal microvascular calibre when compared to those with the least TV viewing time. Furthermore, differences in associations were noted by ethnicity in that the associations of lower levels of physical activity were significant only among the Chinese, but not the other ethnic groups. Conclusions This thesis has shown adverse associations of lower levels of physical activity and higher levels of sedentary time with the retinal microvasculature in different populations across the globe. It has provided new insights into evidence relating these behavioural risk factors with cardiometabolic health outcomes by highlighting the contribution of early, subclinical small-vessel disease processes. Although significant racial/ethnic differences have been noted in the MESA and Singaporean studies, the minority racial/ethnic groups within the populations studied could have been underpowered to detect significant associations, even if true differences existed. Differences noted in these associations between gender and racial/ethnic groups should help to improve the understanding of health differences between population subgroups. Future prospective studies and intervention trials are needed to explore how changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviour will impact on the retinal microvascular characteristics.


Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are promising alternative to internal combustion engines, owing to their capability to produce on-demand power with zero local carbon emissions. However, PEMFCs suffer from limitations related to performance, particularly for heavy-duty vehicle applications [1]. A major contributor to the performance loss is the cathode electrode; uncontrolled conventional electrode structures lead to non-ideal transport pathways of O2 and H+ [2], subsequently leading to performance loss. Here, we report an alternative electrode structure termed groovy electrodes, fabricated via patterned Si templates. Si templates with desired patterns are fabricated through photolithography and deep-reactive ion etching techniques (Fig. 1a), and an electrode layer is coated onto the template and subsequently transferred to the membrane or the gas diffusion layer. The resulting electrode features ordered grooves with consistent depth and width (Fig. 1b-c). We will present how this alternative structure enables improved H+ transport (enabled by higher ionomer content) with grooves facilitating effective O2 transport to reaction sites. We will also demonstrate the benefits of a groovy electrode for the durability of PEMFCs.

 Reference

 Cullen et al., Nat. Energy, 6, 462 (2021).

 Ramaswamy et al., J. Electrochem. Soc., 167, 064515 (2020).

 Figure 1


Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong, China Stanley Ho Big Data Decision Analytics Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong, China Earth System Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong, China 10 State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China


The purpose of this research is to test whether descriptive norms, or cognitions about typical beliefs, values, and behaviors of one's group, can explain cultural influence in the domains of blame attribution and harm perception. In Study 1, using participants from the United States and South Korea, the authors find that individuals with lower (vs. higher) collectivistic descriptive norms ascribed more blame after more intentional acts and less blame after less intentional acts. In the second study, using American and South Korean participants, the authors find that individuals with lower (vs. higher) collectivistic descriptive norms perceived more harm after right violations and less harm after duty violations. Collectivistic personal attitudes did not predict the expected differences in attribution of blame or perception of harm. The descriptive norm account of cultural influence provides an alternative to the currently dominant personal attitude paradigm.


Rice (Oryza sativa) is the staple food of more than 60 per cent of the world's population. In India, rice is the most important and extensively grown food crop, occupying about 44.8 million hectares of land. It accounts for about 43 per cent of total food grain production and 55 per cent of cereals production in the country. Performance of rice was good when previous crop was mulched. The beneficial effects of organic mulches were carried over to the subsequent cereal crops. Irrespective of preceding crops, mulch shows positive residual effect on succeeding rice yield (Mandal et. al.,1988). Actually organic mulches like straw (rice), husk increased nutrient availability on decomposition and growth of the following crops (Patil et. el.,1972). Plots with sole crop previously gave higher response in succeeding rice crop than the plots with intercropped one. Keeping in view the factors discussed above present investigation was undertaken. A field experiment was conducted during wet season of 2005-06 at the 'C' Block Farm of Kalyani, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia. The soil was sandy loam in texture and pH-7.4. The experiment was conducted in split plot design and with three different crops in the previous season as treatments in the main plots, namely, M1 –sole babycorn, M2 –sole rapeseed, M3 –grown intercrop of babycorn + rapeseed, and irrigation or mulch given to the previous crop as subplots treatments, namely, I1 – No irrigation or mulch, I2 – One irrigation of 5 cm depth, I3 – Only mulch @ 7.5 t/ha, I4 – Both mulch and one irrigation. Rice variety IET 4786 (Shatabdi) was sown at 20 cm row to row spacing with a seed rate of 45 kg ha. The same design was followed in case of rice without disturbing the plots where plot size was 4 x 3m. Fertilizer dose @ 60 kg N, 30 kg P2O5 and 30 kg K2O ha was applied. Full dose of P as SSP, K as MOP and 1⁄4th of the recommended dose of N fertilizer in the form of urea and were applied as basal, 1⁄2 of the recommended dose of N was top dressed at active tillering stage (21 DAS) and rest 1⁄4 of the recommended fertilizer N was applied at the panicle initiation stage. From the experimental results, it was observed that the height of rice plants, number of matured panicles m, number of filled grains panicle were influenced by previous cropping systems and application of mulch to the preceded crops. Higher values were obtained from the plots where sole cropping was previously practiced compared with the intercropped plots. Mulched plots produced greater values over unmulched ones. Interaction effects also showed the similar trend (Table 2). Height of rice plant was highest (87.15 cm) with I4 treatment where mulch was applied in previous plots. The highest number of matured panicles m (348.38), number of filled grains panicle (75.27) were obtained with I4 subplot treatment where mulch was applied previously (Table 1). The grain yield of rice was significantly influenced by the residual effects of previous cropping systems and mulch and by their interaction effects (Table 1 and 2). The grain yield of rice was higher when it succeeded sole cropped plots. Thus, it may be concluded that an increase in grain yield of rice had been attributed to the residual effect of organic mulch. Organic mulches besides increasing the organic matter and nitrogen status also improved the physico-chemical properties and available moisture status of the soil. The application of rice straw mulch to rabi crops not only increased the grain yield of succeeding rice crop but also improved the health of the soil REFERENCES Mandal, M. K., Mahapatra, S. K. and Mandal, Bikash K.. 1988. Residual effect of mulch and different cropping patterns on rice yield. Oryza, 25 : 129-31. Mandal, B. K., Subuddhi, U. K., Singh, Y. V. and Mandal, Bikash K.. 1992. Residual effect of mulch and preceding crops on rice. Madras Agric. J. 79: 164-67. Patil R. V, Singh S. D, Yadahalli Y. H and Prabhakar A. R. 1972. Effect of straw mulch and application of fertilizers on soil moisture conservation and the yield of potato. Indian J. Agron. 17 : 17-19.


Aim of study. Analysis of quality of life of patients attending to the unit for multiple sclerosis in the city of Krasnoyarsk. Material and methods. A total of 54 patients with multiple sclerosis were studied. Investigation of their quality of life was performed via the SF-36 scale while revealing of anxiety-depressive disorders was carried out according to the HADS scale. Accordingly, the question of presence of employment and children was specified. The neurological status was assessed according to the EDSS disability index. Comparative analysis of patient surveying results and the data obtained from the control group formed from clinically healthy subjects. Results. MS patients were observed to have statistically significant decline in physical function and overall health status. Correlation analysis within the main studied group revealed decrease of the physical component of quality of life and lower employment rate against the background of increased EDSS score. The larger result according to the depression HADS subscale restricted social function and the larger score in the anxiety subscale restricted the role emotional functioning. Conclusion. The quality of life parameters have stronger correlation with the disability degree and negative expectations of the patients related to progression of the disease. Based on the study results, the MS unit is recommended to apply the HADS scale in its practice for rapid assessment of the emotional state of patients and prescription of relevant symptomatic therapy. The patients are recommended to support their level of social activity and adhere to regular intake of DMDs.


Citation for published version (APA): Gerasimov, M., Gurevich, L., Zvereva, Z., Makeev, O., Korotkich, S. A., & Rakhmatullin, R. R. (2013). Towards tissue engineering of corneal epithelium. In Proceedings of the International Summer School on Application of Scanning Probe Microscopy in Life Sciences, Soft Matter and Nanofabrication River Publishers. http://samenano.com/Abstracts2013/Gerasimov_School2013_Abstract.pdf


Abstract The similarity of the decay tendencies of statistical moments of optical fields and their combinations (the mean intensity, the temporal correlation function of the field fluctuations and the degree of polarization) due to coherent light propagation in the disordered media has been considered by using a simple phenomenological model with exponential relaxation. A theoretical consideration has been carried out for the case of light propagation through a disordered slab using the diffusion approximation. The validity of the concept of similarity has been demonstrated in experiments with water suspensions of polystyrene spheres for the light transmission mode even in the case of non-diffusion regimes of light propagation through a scattering substance.


Abstract : Operational requirements of the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI) TRIGA reactor necessitate the implementation of fuel follower control rods (FFCR's). This technical report discusses the operational and safety aspects of FFCR installation. Thermal hydraulic analysis shows that FFCR's can be operated safely in the AFRRI TRIGA reactor. The maximum calculated fuel temperature at the maximum steady-state power level is well within the limit of the maximum safe operating temperature set by the Technical Specifications.


In this paper, we propose an uplink angle-delay-Doppler domain non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme over massive multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal time frequency space (MIMO-OTFS) networks, which is inspired to address the situation that user connectivity is dramatically restricted if users have overlapped angle signature with limited delay-Doppler domain resources. To be specific, with aid of NOMA along the uplink transmission, we propose to schedule multiple users with the overlapped angle signature to employ the same delay-Doppler domain resources. Correspondingly, a user clustering algorithm and optimal transmission strategy with respect to power allocation for the proposed scheme are then designed. Afterwards, we propose a path following-based iteration algorithm to solve the original nonconvex optimization problem and finally obtain a suboptimal solution. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the validity of the proposed scheme.


This essay aims to discuss the relationship between sport and the racial question, with reflection on the professional practices of Sport Sciences. We consider this relationship to be distorted by stereotypes to the present day with pseudo-scientific explanations, philosophical, theoretical and operational reductions, invalid and unsustainable in their appropriations, but rarely are effectively challenged. We suggest a shift of conceptions to the development of a work guided by the principles of coeducation and regionalism, with integration/inclusion and situations of respect, that allows a pedagogy of the body in the sport, produced within social relations, with more comprehensive and preoccupied actions with human diversity.


Methods were developed for the synthesis of previously unknown organosilicon derivatives of selenium: organyl (trimethyloxysilyl)alkyl selenides, organyl silatranylalkyl selenides, organylmethyl(silatranylmethyl)selenonium iodides, and organyl 2-(trifluorosilyl)ethyl selenides. Some of their chemical reactions, their /sup 1/H NMR and IR spectra, and their toxicities were studied. Alkanethiols catalyze the photochemical addition of selenols to trimethoxyvinylsilane. In competitive reactions of the photochemical addition of isostructural thiols and selenols to trimethoxyvinylsilane only the addition products of selenols are formed.


ALUMINA as a catalyst and as a catalyst support is used in a variety of industrially important reactions like cracking, isomerization, polymerization, alkylation and dehydration. In these reacticns it is believed that the acidity of alumina plays a major role. The investigation results of which form the subject matter of this note was undertaken to determine the effect of added lithium and fluoride ions on the acid strength distribution of alumina. The experiments were conducted following the method developed by Hirschler et al? and Bencsi". Alumina was prepared by hydrolysing aluminium isopropoxide with distilled water", The precipitated aluminium hydroxide was filtered, washed and dried at 120° for 24 hr. The material was activated at 500° in a stream of dry air for 24 hr. The activated material was crushed and sieved (100120 mesh) and a part of it was used as a reference catalyst. The various modified samples of this activated alumina were prepared by impregnating it with appropriate volumes of lithium nitrate and hydrofluoric acid solutions. The eloped samples were dried at 120° for 24 hr anel heated at 500 for another 24 hr to reactivate the catalyst and to decompose the nitrate ions from lithium nitrate, and under this condition the prctons from hydrofluoric acid may be assumed to combine with the oxide ions on the surface of alumina. The indicators used in the investigation were from BDH and were further purified by suitable methods. Titrations were carried out1,4, in 5 ml pyrex test tubes (usually 5 tubes used) which were dried at 120°C for 24 hr in an air oven. These were cooled in a desiccator before weighing. About 0·5 g of the catalyst was transferred to each tube, which was quickly stoppered weighed accurately in an analytical balance and placed again in the desiccator. The catalyst was covered with dry benzene. n-Butylamine in benzene (0·07N) was added to these catalysts (using a 1 ml pipette graduated in 0·01 ml) in steps of 0·02 meqjg of catalyst. The tubes were shaken vigorously and allowed to equilibrate for about 3 hr. After equilibration the extent of neutralizaticn was determined starting with the tube containing the largest amount of n-butylamine. A small amount of the catalyst was removed and placed in a 2 ml tube containing 0·01% benzene solution of the indicator. After allowing a few


Coronary bypass surgery performed without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (off-pump surgery) has been used sporadically since the beginning of the bypass surgery era in 1967, but the use of this strategy increased dramatically during the 1990s. The major reason for the increased use of off-pump surgery was the hope that this strategy would decrease perioperative morbidity and possibly mortality by eliminating cardiopulmonary bypass (on-pump surgery). The fear concerning off-pump surgery has been that the difficulty of operating with the heart beating would lead to less complete and less effective revascularization at the time of surgery and worse long-term outcomes.

Article p 1145

Whether these hopes and fears are real has been examined by myriad studies that have compared the outcomes for patients undergoing off-pump and on-pump surgery. Randomized trials usually have shown only small differences in perioperative outcomes, usually slightly in favor of off-pump surgery, but have included mostly low-risk patients. Observational trials often have shown bigger differences in short-term complications, usually in favor of off-pump surgery, but analyses of these trials are complicated by patient selection. Follow-up studies, both randomized and observational, have sometimes noted inferior long-term outcomes after off-pump surgery compared with on-pump …


Next generation light sources will enable significant new science in the many disciplines including atomic and fundamental physics, condensed matter physics and materials sciences, femtochemistry, biology, and various fields of engineering. The source we propose, and the experimental methods it will spawn, will generally be qualitatively new and have high impact through ultrahigh resolution in the time and frequency domains combined with full transverse coherence for imaging and nanofabrication. Continuous wave FEL's provide the highest beam brightness[1], full temporal and transverse coherence and the potential for ultra short photon pulses at high repetition rates that the science requires. But the hardware, in particular the injector, to build such a light source has not been demonstrated yet. University of Wisconsin, in collaboration with the Naval Postgraduate School, has been engaged in a design contract with Niowave Inc to design a superconducting rf electron gun to be used for such a source. This design work and our collaboration with the Naval Postgraduate School in the construction and test of their SRF gun will allow us to produce a prototype device in a timely and cost effective manner. The design for such a development enables a User facility with the capability to explore the science in the grand challenges laid out by DOE BESAC[2] and the Science and Technology of Future Light Sources white paper[1]. BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW The challenges laid out in the DOE BESAC grand challenges in science and energy require new photon sources. Current accelerator technology cannot support the required goals for those sources technically. Additional accelerator research and development is required in order to enable the science in the grand challenges. The University of Wisconsin has proposed a seeded FEL, the Wisconsin Free Electron Laser (WiFEL), which is differentiated from today's synchrotron facilities or laser sources because it combines high power and coherence for the first time in the 1 to 100 nm range. The source we propose, and the experimental methods it will spawn, will generally be qualitatively new and have high impact through ultrahigh resolution in the time and frequency domains combined with full transverse coherence for imaging and nanofabrication. The key features of the facility we envision are demanded by the scientific mission. A seeded FEL would take advantage of the flexibility, stability, and high average pulse rates available from a continuous-wave (CW) superconducting linac fed by a superconducting photoinjector. For example, a second generation seeded FEL[1] is capable of producing the very bright and short pulses required to produce the science. In order to produce beams of the highest quality, the electron beam will be seeded with high harmonics of laboratory lasers. The required electron beam requirements at the insertion devices for such a device are shown in Table 1. Table 1: FEL Requirements I ave, Rf power coupler limited ~ 1 mA I peak at Undulator 1000 Amps DI / I at Undulator 10% Max Normalized ε Transverse <1 mm-mrad Bunch length, rms 70 fsec Charge/bunch (derived) 200 pC Gun Repetition frequency Up to 5 MHz The one milliamp limit for a linac based light source in the table is a function of the coupler limitations of the present generation of high gradient L-band superconducting modules. Both Tesla and Jefferson Lab 100 MeV cryomodules have couplers which can handle about 10 kW of rf power per cavity with about 10 MeV of acceleration per cavity, limiting their current handling to about 1 milliamp without energy recovery. Certain cavities such as the JLAB FEL injector quarter cryomodule and the Cornell eight cell modules can surpass this limitation, but these modules are much larger and more expensive per MeV of acceleration in both procurement and in tunnel footprint required. The peak current required by the insertion device is about 10 3 amps with the FEL-gain proportional to the electron density in the bunch[3]. Only 10% ∆I/I modulation on the current waveform is allowed during the interaction between the seed laser and the electron bunch. These modulations produce enhanced spontaneous radiation which competes with the seed laser to modulate the rest of the electron bunch; in the worst case, the spontaneous radiation produced by the charge density fluctuations may destructively interfere with or produce sidebands around the seed laser wavelength. The User community the WiFEL is designed to serve also expect very little variation in optical power just as they would receive from a synchrotron light source. This 10% ∆I/I limitation is exacerbated by the magnetic bunching chicanes which squeeze the bunches longitudinally after the injector to reach the necessary kiloampere levels in the undulators but can also cause sharp density spikes in the compressed bunch by amplifying existing longitudinal modulations. Gain factors can reach 10 6 for a two chicane system [4], Fig 1. To mitigate this effect, weak compressors are used, increasing the peak current required from the gun. ____________________________________________ *Work supported under NSF Award No. DMR-0537588 firstname.lastname@example.com Proceedings of ERL09, Ithaca, New York, USA WG118 Injectors, Guns, & Cathodes


The special steel grades,which are indicated with bearing steel,gear steel and so on as main produces,are produced with the technology of electric furnace(converter)-secondary metallurgy-bloom continuous casting in many advanced international industry country .Bengang steel making works adopts the LD-LF-RH-CC process to carry out the trial production of GCr15 successfully.The result of trial production has met or approached the SKF standard,and some experiences have been accumulated during trial production,but some shortage has been also found at the same time,which provides stable base for batch production of this kind of steel grades in future.


Volume 1 (717pp, 22 plates): A short account of Sir William Herschel's life and work, chiefly from unpublished sources, by J.L.E. Dreyer - Early years, scientific work at Bath, observatory work after 1782, the 40-foot and other telescopes, later years unpublished papers - papers read before the Philosophical Society of Bath, 1780-81 (25 papers), papers communicated to the Royal Society (4 papers), miscellaneous papers of unknown date (3 papers) papers published in "The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society" and elsewhere (39 papers). Volume 2 (724pp, 6 plates): papers published in "The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society" and elsewhere (31 papers). Appendix: unpublished observations of Messier's nebulae and clusters synopsis of Sir W. Herschel's measures of double stars, by Sir J.F.W. Herschel star-gauges from the 358th to the 111th sweep, brought together by Caroline Herschel.


The study shows that macroscopic approach to the description of surface phenomena used to simulate the interfacial layer as a membrane using Laplace equation allows to calculate the shape of liquid meniscus regardless of the determination of height of liquid elevation in a capillary. The use of van der Waals statements to describe the state of the medium in the interfacial layer makes it possible to estimate the distribution of molecular pressure along the layer thickness. The tensor of interfacial stresses, represented by a set of ball and deviator parts, is determined based on continuous medium equilibrium conditions. The stresses that form the surface tension of the fluid are deviator components of the tensor. As a result, the study provides the expression linking the parameters of interfacial layer thickness and surface tension of liquid.