This paper presents a recent study about a development of an original, cable-driven and compliant robotic wrist (ARTS wrist). The ARTS wrist presents two degrees of freedom; the mechanism is composed by two platforms connected by a thrust spring (working as a flexible joint) and by three cables placed and clamped corresponding to vertex of an equilateral triangle centred in the longitudinal axis of the device. The wrist is actuated by three motors, integrated in the device, and was designed to cooperate with the Cyberhand in reaching, handling and grasping objects. The flexibility of the spring is exploited to implement a compliant surrogate of a universal joint. The wrist performs the flexion-extension and the abduction- adduction movements; the combination of these two specific actions creates composed configurations, as it happens in the human wrist. This paper presents also the mathematical model for the choice of the optimal spring used in the ARTS wrist.


Through tacit-explicit knowledge concept's logic analysis and comparison,as well as the knowledge case study,we consider that the tacit-explicit knowledge's concept are not opposed mutually to the knowledge connotation.They are opposed concept to the knowledge existence forms difference merely,but are unable to be used to indicate the connotation difference of the knowledge.And the tacit and explicit knowledge concepts are not enough to classify the different knowledge into two different types.The knowledge classification principle that Ikujirou Nonaka provided is not the classifying theory of knowledge by different connotations,but a cluster theory of knowledge by different existence forms.


The SI housing, which separates the skeleton and infill, is regarded as a construction system, which is capable of adjusting to the individual requirements of residents continuously, has drawn considerable attention. And also an evaluation method to quantify the capacity of skeletons is required. This research shows the result on the evaluation of the skeletons operated by specialists. The characteristic items of skeleton were compared with the evaluation, and the influence of each item on the "ease of renovation" was revealed. Using the results, multiple regression analyses were operated, and the evaluation formulas of the capacity of skeletons were proposed.


A simple spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for the determination of Nitaoxanide in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Two visible spectrophotometric methods have been described for the assay of Nitaoxanide bulk form or dosage forms.Methods: Method A is based on the formation of Schiff's base and it was condensed with 4 hydroxybenzaldehyde. Method B is based on diazotization and coupling method with phluroglucinol. The methods are done in UV Visible spectrophotometric method having maximum absorbance at 460 nm.Results: Regression analysis of Beers law plots showed good concentration range of 10-50µg/ml for method A and B and gives reproducible results.Conclusion: Due to its simplicity of the method it may be used for determining Nitaoxanide in bulk and dosage forms.


After Guangxi New Warlord controlled Guangxi's politics again in 1931,they put forward the slogans of "constructing Guangxi and restoring China",and devoted to the economic construction of Guangxi Province.In order to turn around the unfavorable situation of the severe trade deficit in foreign trade,the New Warlord drew up trading control policy,and set up trade section for import and export.They administrated the foreign trade and directly operated it,and made certain achievement.During the existing years of the trade section, the trade import surplus of Guangxi had been reduced and the commercial structure of the foreign trade obviously changed.Moreover,the export increase of the agricultural and mineral products also promoted the development of agriculture and minerals,which indirectly supported the development of the state-owned economy of Guangxi.


The British Dietetic Association research symposium is rapidly becoming the highlight of the BDA events calendar. The 2017 symposium was held as usual in Birmingham at the beginning of December, welcoming over 60 abstract presenters. Professor Gary Frost, Head of the Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group from the department of Medicine at Imperial College, London and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) dietetic advocate, gave the plenary lecture with a presentation encouraging dietitians to apply for research funding and PhD training fellowships. Professor Frost was followed by Dr Claire Pettinger who presented her award-winning research uncovering the complexity of workplace wellbeing using a cross-case analysis approach which she completed as part of a recent research fellowship position. This research won Clare the prestigious CAHPR Public Health Research award in June 2017. The symposium abstracts in this supplement are arranged according to the five streams; clinical nutrition, new to research, which includes final year projects by student dietitians on preregistration courses, paediatric, public health and finally the service evaluation stream. The clinical nutrition abstracts cover a wide variety of dietetic interventions for diseases including diabetes, irritable bowel syndrome and chronic kidney disease. The prize for best clinical nutrition abstract was awarded to Katherine Markwell, University of Chester & Griffin University 'The implementation and evaluation of a novel postplacement clinical debrief for final year undergraduate dietetic students', some students reported that the debrief improved their confidence or clinical reasoning ability. The new to research stream continues to be the largest, show casing a number of different research methodologies, subjects and settings. Student research is, as always, constrained by lack of time and money but these abstract show that it can be well done. The cross-sectional, observational study collecting BMI, weight and girth measurements before and after paracentesis, a procedure which removes ascitic fluid via abdominal drain done by Lamarti, supervised by Mary Hickson, being an example. The new to research abstract prize, supported by Yakult was won by Hannah Lea, University of Surrey Graduate for her abstract; 'A retrospective study to measure anthropometric, co-morbidity and micro-nutrient changes two years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass'. The paediatric stream was again, supported by BDA Paediatric Specialist Group, who continue to encourage their members to be research active. Among the abstracts of particular note is the work of Martin whose aim was to evaluate an early intervention clinic for diagnosis and management of cows milk allergy in primary care. The project was facilitated by a Health Foundation Innovating for Improvement award and included 240 newly referred infants. The winner of the paediatric stream abstract award was Alina Bidgood, a London Metropolitan University Graduate whose work was titled; 'A cross sectional study assessing the use of restricted diets in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)'. The public health stream abstract winner was Stacey Portbury a graduate from Coventry University who did 'A cross-sectional survey comparing the online price of healthier pre-packaged food products with less healthy alternatives using the Food Standard Agency's traffic-light rating' and found that foods identified as being healthier when categorised using the FSA traffic-light rating and fibre content were more expensive than their less healthy counterparts. Porter et al. present an interesting analysis of B vitamin status in older adults with diabetes taking metformin, which suggests that they have a significantly higher risk of deficiency than other adults. The service evaluation abstracts include reports of innovate work on a telemedicine clinic offering a consultation with a gastrointestinal specialist dietitian that improved service accessibility and Hunter's report on management of adult eosinophilic oesophagitis: a retrospective analysis of medical and dietary outcomes in a UK centre. The stream winner was Jessica Parkin, a dietitian from City Healthcare Partnership CIC who reported her work on; 'Impact of an Eating Disorder Day Service on Quality of Life, Body Mass Index and patient and staff experiences: A multimethod evaluation'. The abstracts presented in this supplement represent a snap shot of dietetic work which I hope you will enjoy reading and maybe consider contributing to next year.


Home range and habitat selection are key subjects when studying animal ecology. Defining the space use and resource management of an animal establishes a solid basis for further behavioural and ecological research, as well as conservation management. Studies focusing on determining home range and habitat selection often include further questions regarding for example conservation, animal movement, population dynamics, and interor intraspecific interactions. It is therefore unsurprising that home range and habitat selection have been the focus of numerous studies on different vertebrate taxa over the years. We have reviewed 903 publications, on all extant vertebrate clades focusing on these topics from 1980 to the first quarter of 2018. We have observed that allocation of vertebrate orders are independent of species richness, relatedness, and portion of threatened species within the order. We have highlighted the relation between publication numbers and species richness and offer ideas for future research in proposing possible causes for the observed allocation and in highlighting understudied clades. Furthermore, we have observed that topics often studied in concordance with home range and habitat selection are conservation and human influence, intraspecific differences, and home range shifts/exploratory behaviour. Meanwhile, topics like population density, reproductive behaviour, territoriality/aggressive behaviour, and interspecific interactions seem to be less studied. This review highlights and discusses the current distribution of focal points in studies concerning home range and habitat use while identifying less studied fields and taxa thereby emphasizing potential opportunities for further research.


We performed a cross-sectional survey of general practice attenders to determine their preferences regarding treatment for depression and characteristics associated with such preferences. Counselling was more popular than drug therapy (antidepressants), particularly among women, those who believed antidepressants are addictive, and those who had received such treatment in the past.


This paper generalizes the cross-entropy (CE) method to a population-based setting, where a population of probabilistic models is maintained/updated and subsequently propagated from generation to generation. One of the key questions in the proposed approach is how to efficiently distribute a given sample budget among different models in a population to maximize algorithm performance. We formulate this problem as a Markov decision process (MDP) model and derive an efficient dynamic sample allocation scheme to adaptively allocate computational resources. We carry out numerical studies to illustrate the method and compare its performance with existing procedures.


The wave energy attenuator is a floating device which operates perpendicular to the wave fronts and captures wave energy from the relative motions of two hinged floaters as waves passing by them. For establishing the time-domain numerical tools to evaluate the performance of a wave energy attenuator, a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic (SPH) model with mesh-free method was adopted to simulate the hydrodynamic behaviors of each floating object. Three different wave heights of 6 cm, 7 cm, and 10.4 cm of the same period of 1.22 s were commonly derived from typical potential oceanic zones offshore Taiwan and Japan. Comparisons of the hydrodynamic behaviors of an attenuator show that the device has an averaged rotating angles of about 9-15 degrees for the upstream floater (Floater A) and of smaller about 6-9 degrees for the downstream floater (Floater B) during an averaged wave cycle. For energy conversions, the wave height of 6 cm has the maximum capture factor of 22%, which is larger than those of 7 cm and 10.4 cm by about 4% and 17%, respectively. Moreover, the converted ratio by an attenuator WEC from wave energy loss are about 67% at H = 6 cm, 38% at H = 7 cm, and 19% at H = 10.4 cm, respectively.


Large sums are often invested into scientific innovation – the creation of new knowledge through scientific research. In this paper, we argue that increasing investments may lead scientists to purs...


Highest mortality rates are associated with acute myocardial infraction. It is recognized as leading cause of deaths globally. It is sequelae to the atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). There is a close relationship between the Apo lipoprotein B abundance and atherosclerosis. Objectives: To estimate the ApoB blood levels and its usefulness and to analyze the total cholesterol TC, non-HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL/HDL and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ratios in AMI patients. Methods: It was a comparative cross-sectional study with statistical approach, conducted at Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital, Islamabad and Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. The study was conducted on the 53 males and 28 female attended the cardiovascular center of the hospital. The duration of the study was from December 2021 to May 2022. The convenient sampling technique was used for the sampling of the enrolled patients. The healthy patients were included in the control group. The tubidimetric method was laboratory analysis and for lipid profiling the Apolipoprotein B and enzymatic method was used. The SPSS version 21.0 was used for the statistical analysis. Results: The ratio of males to females was 1.8:1. The Myocardial infarction range of the patients was selected from more than 31 years to 84 years. The 55  10 was the average age of the patients included in the study. However, 61 years of age was the median and the interquartile limit was 46 to 61 years for male patients, and for female patients was 49 to 68 years. Of 93 patients (6.5 %) the sufferers were of age lower than 40 years, 46 patients were smokers in the experimental group and in the control group, only 15 people were smokers. The 99 ± 17.8 was the mean level and SD of the experimental group. The moderate correlation was observed in the ApoB, non-HDL cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol. Conclusions: The moderate correlation between Apo B and non HDL-C and HDL-C were observed in the AMI patients. It was a complementary marker in the conventional lipid profiling


This thesis focuses on current methods for nanoparticle characterisation and analysis of cellular interactions. The specific interaction between HeLa cells and 20 nm carboxylate-modified polystyrene nanoparticles is examined in detail, and the effects of serum proteins in corona formation is analysed. Fluorescence microscopy image acquisition is studied, with particular attention given to colocalisation analysis. An automated program is presented, making use of a novel de-noising algorithm which makes analysis of low signal-to-noise images possible without additional input. This is validated using computer generated images, and data acquired and analysed by hand. This program was used to analyse confocal microscopy images to quantify nanoparticle colocalisation with intracellular protein markers and membrane stains. A protocol is developed to enable use of total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy for the study of nanoparticle internalisation. Finally, innovative TIRF methods that permit identification of areas of local plasma membrane curvature and super-resolution analysis of fluorophore motion in Z are examined, and significant steps are made to combine these into a single imaging system. Thus, this project will develop computational analysis methods, novel biological assays, and physical enhancements to existing hardware with the aim of accelerating the characterisation of nanoparticle-cell interactions.


The structure elucidation and 1H and 13C assignments of the new triterpenes 3β‐palmitoxy‐7β‐hydroxyolean‐12‐ene (1) and its hydrolysis product 3β,7β‐dihydroxyolean‐12‐ene (2) and 3β‐sn‐glyceroyl‐(1″‐palmitoxy)urs‐12‐ene (3), isolated from the aerial parts of Cladocolea grahami (Loranthaceae), are reported. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A field experiments were conducted at the College of Agricultural Studies, Sudan University of Science and Technology at Shambat, Khartoum, during winter season in 07/2008 and 08/2009, to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilization, sowing methods and sowing dates on yield and yield attributes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), local variety (Wadi Elneel). Nitrogen fertilizer was applied in the form of urea at the rate of 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N/ha. Four sowing methods viz. planting on flat, mastaba, ridge and ridge with line were tested. Three sowing dates namely; early November, mid November and early December were chosen and applied. The results of the study showed that nitrogen application displayed significant effect on plant height, total dry matter, 1000-seed weight and grain yield in both seasons but nitrogen fertilizer had no significant effect on harvest index for season 08/2009. Generally , planting on ridge and ridge with line achieved higher 1000-seed weight and grain yield for both seasons. Harvest index was superior for season 07/2008, whereas plant height and total dry matter had higher values for season 08/2009. Generally, crop sown at mid November produced higher grain yield, total dry matter and tallest plant for season 07/2008. Also higher plant height and harvest index were recorded for season 08/2009. The early sown (early November) obtained greater 1000-seed weight and harvest index for season 07/2008 and higher amount of 1000-seed weight and total dry matter for season 08/2009. The late sown (early December) produced higher grain yield for season 08/2009. It can be concluded neglecting the differences between the two seasons for yield and their components that Wheat can be grown at early and mid November on ridge and ridge with line with 120 kgN/ha fertilizer.


Exploring the relationship between political, and more particularly Revisionist, history and social history, this essay suggests that these can be understood in terms of separation, segregation, and convergence. These categories operate as markers not only of continuing alignments but also of a significant shift across time in the relationship between social and political historians. Examining the making of the "new social history" through interdisciplinary exchange, the essay shows how its concern with state and power, which initially drove a separation from the high politics of a Revisionist political history, has seen a convergence with political historians in the shared study of a social history of politics and early modern political culture.


We consider the simplest optimal control problem with one nonregular mixed constraint G(x, u) 6 0, i.e. when the gradient Gu(x, u) can vanish on the surface G = 0. Using the Dubovitskii–Milyutin theorem on the approximate separation of convex cones, we prove a first order necessary condition for a weak minimum in the form of the so-called "local minimum principle", which is formulated in terms of functions of bounded variation, integrable functions, and LebesgueStieltjes measures, and does not use functionals from (L∞)∗ . Two illustrative examples are given. The work is based on the book by Milyutin [3].


Membrane-supported thin-film multijunction thermal converters on crystalline quartz have been assembled in a high-frequency optimized housing to achieve lowest AC-DC voltage transfer differences. By extensive electromagnetic simulation, special emphasis has been placed on the investigation of the significant influence of chip bonding, housing, and connecting transmissions lines on the overall performance up to 100 MHz.


Thick (400+ m) and well exposed sediment fills in the Fraser and Chilcotin river valleys of central British Columbia record contrasting glaciolacustrine environments of at least two glaciations. The oldest glaciolacustrine sequence comprises deformed gravel, sand, mud, and diamict fades deposited, in part, on stagnant ice trapped in deep narrow valleys at the end of the penultimate glaciation (Early Wisconsinan or older). Younger glaciolacustrine sequences date from the advance and retreat phases of the Late Wisconsinan Fraser Glaciation {ca. 25-10 ka) and infill a Middle Wisconsinan drainage system cut across older sediments. The Late Wisconsinan advance sequence is dominated by diamict (debris-flow) fades that pass upward into silts. The diamict fades consist largely of reworked older Pleistocene drift and poorly lithified Cretaceous and Tertiary sediments. They record the focusing of large volumes of sediment into one or more glacial lakes occupying deep narrow troughs. Weakly bedded silts in the upper part of the sequence may have been deposited when the lake(s) deepened as glaciers continued to advance and thicken over the study area. It is possible that some advance glaciolacustrine sediments accumulated in subglacial water bodies. Late Wisconsinan deglacial lake sediments form a relatively thin, discontinuous capping in the area and conform to classical notions of gladolacustrine sedimentation involving a seasonal or 'varved' regime. In contrast, no seasonal pattern of sedimentation can be identified in older sequences where the overriding influence on deposition has been the presence of steep subaqueous slopes, buried ice masses, and high sediment fluxes; these, in combination, caused near-continuous downslope movement and resedimentation.


We consider a single kinematically controlled mobile robot traveling in a planar region supporting an unknown field distribution. A single sensor provides the distribution value at the current robot location. We present a new navigation strategy that drives the robot to the location where the field distribution attains its maximum. The proposed control algorithm employs estimation of neither the entire field gradient nor derivative-dependent quantities, like the rate at which the available measurement evolves over time, and is non-demanding with respect to both computation and motion. Its mathematically rigorous analysis and justification are provided. Simulation results confirm the applicability and performance of the proposed guidance approach.


When Yuan government was in place of Song government, the southern Confucian scholars who had occupied the governance position in Song government were impacted badly at the environment of Mongolia ruling. Their life style, their idea took placed very big variety. An obvious characteristic was that they made a point of establishing the social network to support their benefits and their living condition more than ever. DAI Biao\|yuan was the best typical case of them. 


A 67-year-old female was referred to Yokohama City University Hospital because of reccurent intestinal bleeding for two months. Upper gastrointestinal series, endoscopic examination, and abdominal CT failed to demonstrate the bleeding CT failed to demonstrate the bleeding site. Selective superior mesenteric arteriography demonstrate the bleeding CT failed to demonstrate the bleeding site. Selective superior mesenteric arteriography malformation was recongnized in the terminal portion of the ileum at laparotomy, and wedge resection was performed. The pathologic study showed a proliferation of the convoluted arteries and veins ranging from mucosal to subserosal layer of the intestine. A rare case of ileal arteriovenous malformation, which was diagnosed by selective arteriographgy, was reported.


Ca1.86Al2(Si1-xMox)O7:0.14Eu3+ and Ca1.86Al2Si1+yO7+2y:0.14 Eu3+ were synthesized by solid-state reaction. X-ray powder diffraction, excitation and emission spectra were used to investigate their structures and photoluminescence properties. The results shows that the phosphor Ca1.86Al2SiO7:0.14Eu3+ cannot be excited efficiently by light of 393 nm. The introduced Mo ion does not change the position of the excitation peak, but increases both the absorption at 400nm and the emission intensity of Eu3+. The intense red emitting phosphor Ca1.86Al2(Si0.95Mo0.05)O7:0.14Eu3+ was obtained, which has 67% enhanced luminous intensity compared to that of the undoped sample Ca1.86Al2SiO7:0.14Eu3+. Otherwise, SiO2 excess of non-stoichiometric phosphors Ca1.86Al2Si1+yO7+2y:0.14Eu3+ showed the characteristic pattern of a tetragonal structure with a small SiO2 concentration. The optimal phosphor of Ca1.86Al2Si1.1O7.2:0.14Eu3+ has a luminous intensity about two times higher than that of the original stoichiometric phosphor Ca1.86Al2SiO7:0.14Eu3+. We confirmed that the photoluminescence intensity of the obtained phosphors is fairly enhanced by excessive SiO2. The mechanism of this photoluminescence enhancement is discussed in this paper.


In order to create harmonious human settlement environment,with city landscape regionality as research object,the regional landscape composition element and application were discussed from environment,scene and mood,so as to better build the city landscape with regionality.


This study aims to determine the value of construction safety risk on the Simpang Pudak - Suak Kandis Road work. The method used in determining the value of construction safety risk is the Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Opportunity (IBPRP) method which refers to the PUPR Ministerial Regulation No. 10 of 2021. Based on the results of research that has been carried out a construction safety risk assessment at the Pudak - Suak Kandis Intersection Road Works based on PUPR Ministerial Regulation No. 10 in 2021 gets a Risk Value of 3.83 which is included in the category of Small Construction Safety Risk, thus the work needs to involve Construction Safety personnel with competencies as Young Construction K3 Experts / Young Construction Safety Experts; or Construction Safety Officer.


Aiming at the existing poor corrosion resistance, difficult transportation and construction of metal grounding material in transmission line grounding grid, this paper designed and prepared flexible graphite grounding materials based on carbon nanotubes modified technology. The performance of new grounding materials was analyzed and electrical performance experiments were carried out. The final trial site application example showed that the material can meet the practical engineering applications.


"Shelter" is one form of basic human right. Living space is an extension of land resources and is a kind of scarce environmental resource. Human beings are now in a crisis of environmental resources. Therefore, the fair and efficient use of such resources will be vital for the sustainable development of human living. This study is an attempt to find out the "Optimal Dimensional Scale" in apartment in Taiwan under the notion of sustainable development. Survey research is used in this study basing on which data on the needs for the use of space and the understanding of sustainable development of the households were gathered. These data are subject to the test of the theory of "Pareto Optimality" in economics for finding out if the inference from this study approximates "Pareto Optimality" whereby the environmental resource of space is "efficiently used" and the goal of sustainable development in "equal sharing of resources" is accomplished. The research findings from this study could be used as reference for the developer, the users and the managers in materializing a sustainable living environment and considering the "dimensional scale" in the process of home renovations. This study contains three topics: First of all, an analysis will be conducted on the trend of demand for dimensional scale in Taiwan and the status of consumption. Secondly, an assessment will be made on the models of dimensional scale under the concept of sustainable development and tests of the models. Finally, the result of the tests under the models on dimensional space will be used for verifying the fairness and efficient use of space. The research findings are: 1.There are three major factors affecting the dimensional scale of living. They are "housing living characteristics", "user behavior" and "understanding of sustainability". These factors are subject to correlation analysis. The result indicated that the "concept of sustainability" has an effect on the dimensional scale of living and tended to reduce the dimensional scale. This can be attributable to the concept of sustainability under which households tend to the dimensional scale of living they actually need. 2.The hypothesis of "Optimal Dimensional Scale under Sustainable Development" has the following criteria: For the scale of living space as needed by " the collectivity of households", the assumption is 42.62㎡ per person and 71.54㎡ for 2 persons, 94.47㎡ for 3 persons, 112.95㎡ for 4 persons, 121.39㎡ for 5 persons and 129.28㎡ for 6 persons. 3.There is a gap of approximately 20㎡ between the projected dimensional scale and the actual dimensional scale. This may be the result of the transition of demand for dimensional scale in the future which made it downward adjusted. Under the Pareto Optimality Analysis, the SAR of ideal dimensional scale as suggested in this study and the current situation is a negative value, indicating households will need to reduce the "current dimensional scale of living per person". Currently, the dimensional scale in the use of space indicated a state of "weak sustainability". 4.From the current situation, we see that when the "household is just 1 or 2 persons", it is common that only a very few people have large size accomodation. The gap between "Pareto Optimality" and the actual dimensional scale of living is wide. This showed that this type of households lacks the accomodation of dimensional space. As such, the use of environmental resouces of space is inefficient. This may be the result of an anticipation of the demand for the use of space in the future and there is a scarcity of small size living flats with good quality in the market. These will pose negative effect on sustainable development. 5.Under the comparison between the "Optimal Dimensional Scale of Living Space under the Notion of Sustainable Development" and the reality, the MRS of average households is 1.23, and approaches 1.04 when the household contains 4 persons. This approaches the "Pareto Optimality" (MRS=1) and hence is the optimal living space standard.


Antimicrobial resistance has been recently identified by the World Health Organisation as a global threat and the need for novel diagnostic tools has been stressed. Current routine empirical antibiotic therapy protocol involves laboratory-based bacterial culture testing which can take up to 2-3 days. However, if the specific microbe species causing an infection can be quickly identified earlier on, it will allow doctors to prescribe a specific targeted antimicrobial instead of using a broad spectrum antimicrobial. In this work, we will present our preliminary results on the use of a laser-based fabrication technique of paper-based diagnostic tests via photo-polymerisation. The technique allows the creation of hydrophobic barriers through the whole thickness of the paper, and therefore the creation of fluidic channels and test zones in many different shapes, sizes and patterns. The laser-based direct-write procedure is non-contact, non-lithographic and mask-less and uses a low-power 405nm diode laser. The laser-structured paper can then be infused with chromogenic agars that allow the growth and detection of different bacteria. These devices are analogues of the commonly available agar plates and will allow the timely detection of multiple pathogens at the point-of-care. These paper-based diagnostic sensors fabricated via our laser-based technology are cheap, easy-to-use and allow rapid testing of either pathogens or their antimicrobial resistance to antibiotics.


Rice transplanting technology in Huishui, Xixiu and Zunyi of Guizhou province were chosen to carry out experimental demonstration. And the yields of three areas were 625.40 kg / 667m2, 591.40 kg / 667m2 and 630.00 kg / 667m2 respectively. Data of different transplanting density test showed when row spacing was 18 cm, the production was higher. The results showed that transplanting was energy-saving and time-saving, which could protect basic seeding number of planting to avoid low partial seeding density resulted from artificial planting. It may cause basic seeding number decrease and production decline generally. Transplanting is suitable for rice planting of areas with different altitudes in Guizhou province, and different sizes of transplanters are used in different fields.


The leakage of liquefied petroleum gas can induce risks including pool-fire,vapor cloud explosion and boiling liquid expanding vapor.Mathematical models of vapor cloud explosion are used in the quantitative calculation for the consequence which is induced by vapor cloud explosion leaking in the special condition.People hurt and property loss range are obtained.The results can be used to guide safety measures in the liquefied petroleum gas station.


A numerical investigation of the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) in a side-by-side circular cylinder arrangement has been performed in a two-dimensional laminar flow environment. One of the cylinders is elastically mounted and only vibrates in the transverse direction, while its counterpart remains stationary in a uniform flow stream. When the gap ratio is sufficiently small, the flip-flopping phenomenon of the gap flow can be an additional time-dependent interference to the flow field. This phenomenon was reported in the experimental work of Bearman and Wadcock ["The interaction between a pair of circular cylinders normal to a stream," J. Fluid Mech. 61(3), 499–511 (1973)] in a side-by-side circular cylinder arrangement, in which the gap flow deflects toward one of the cylinders and switched its sides intermittently. Albeit one of the two cylinders is free to vibrate, the flip-flop of a gap flow during VIV dynamics can still be observed outside the lock-in region. The exact moments of the flip-flop phenom...


: Selenium acts reducing cellular inflammation and lipid peroxides; therefore, its association with cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been studied. We aimed to investigate the association between selenium intake and MetS/its parameters (high waist circumference, hyperglycemia, high blood pressure, high triglycerides, and low HDL-c) in Brazilian adolescents between 12-17 years old. This research is part of the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), a Brazilian nationwide school-based study with regional and national relevance. We assessed: 1) socio-demographic data (sex, age, type of school, and maternal education) using a self-administered questionnaire; 2) dietary intake using a 24h recall applied for the whole sample and a second one applied to a subsample to allow within-person variability adjustment; 3) anthropometric data (weight, height, waist circumference) and blood pressure using standardized procedures; 4) biochemical analyses (fasting glucose, triglycerides, and HDL-c). Logistic regression was applied, basing the analysis on a theoretical model. Median Se intake was 98.3µg/day. Hypertension and hyperglycemia were more prevalent among boys, while a high waist circumference was more frequent in girls, and low HDL-c levels were higher among private school students. The prevalence of MetS was 2.6%. No association between MetS/its parameters and Se intake was found. This lack of association could be due to an adequate Se intake in the studied population.


enlarged and made more receptive by the deeply disturbing social upheaval associated with the developing Industrial Revolution, the enclosure movement, and the political assault aimed at the Walpole administration. Also connected with the development were strong European influences emanating from French Huguenot and German Moravian sources; and in Great Britain there appears an important association with primitive Welsh religiosity. The coming together of all these elements in the crisis of • 739 set the Methodist movement in motion. With the stage prepared for its rapid success by the time that the Revolution broke out in France in 1789, Britain was well on the way to being saved from catastrophe by the Methodist capture and conversion of emotions that might otherwise have blown British society apart. This presentation adds little but elaboration and detail to a well-known interpretation. In view of the scholarship and linguistic accomplishment normally expected and required of specialists in the field, we may wonder if such a book is not really a work of supererogation. Its best use would be as a source study in English social history classes.


Rutter's commentary (Rutter, 2014) on our article (Munafo et al., 2014) provides us the opportunity to clarify some issues that he (and therefore, we suspect, others) may have misunderstood.


This paper deals with the taxonomic features, ecology and zoogeography of Scolecithrix danae, the most abundant species of the family Scolecithricidae in the Indian Ocean based on the zooplankton samples collected during the International Indian Ocean Expedition. This species was present at 82% of the total stations and constituted 60% of the total counts of Scolecithricidae. S. danae was present throughout the epipelagic zone of the Indian Ocean (north of 40 degrees S latitude) with maximum abundance in the equatorial waters especially along the African Coast. Seasonal and diurnal variations were not pronounced


The genetic diversity of the 29 accessions of Pennisetum longissimumvar.intermediumfrom Gansu and Yunnan were analyzed by ISSR makers.The results showed that:(1)10 primers were selected from 50 primers which had clear,stable polymorphic bands.A total of 72 loci were obtained,including 62 polymorphic loci.On average,amplification site of each primer was 7.2 and the percentage of polymorphic loci(PPL)was 87.4%.The mean observed number of alleles(Na),effective number of alleles(Ne),Shannon information index(I)and Nei's genetic index(H)were 1.861 1,1.742 8,0.561 0and 0.395 9,respectively.The genetic similarity coefficient(GS)ranged from 0.236 to 0.903,which shows rich genetic diversity among the materials of P.longissimum var.intermedium.(2)Cluster analysis with UPGMA methodshowed that the 29 tested accessions were divided into 4 groups at the level GS0.51,but there was no correlation(r=0.437 0,P=0.204 6)between genetic and geographic distance among the germplasms studied.The results of this research were the first time to reveal genetic diversity and variation of P.longissimumvar.intermediumat the molecular level,which provided theoretical and data evidence for the introduction,domestication,conservation and exploitation of wild P.longissimumvar.intermediumgermplasm resources.


A simple analytic formula for the photodetachment cross section of ${\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ in an electric field is derived. The formula becomes identical to a formula derived many years ago in the vanishing-field limit. Three special features appear in the cross section in the presence of an electric field: a quantum tunneling effect, a new threshold law, and oscillations. These appear when the photon energy is, respectively, less than, equal to, or greater than the binding energy of ${\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$. Enough information is provided in this paper so that one can calculate the cross section quickly.


In humans, little is known about post-natal lymphoid progenitors, especially those able to circulate, colonize the thymus and generate T lymphocytes. On the basis of a previous work published by Anne Galy in 1995, we have detected in the human post-natal bone marrow up to 60 yrs of age a population of progenitors characterized by their CD34+Lin-CD10+ phenotype. Their differentiation potential analysed by culture in methylcellulose medium indicated that in contrast with their CD10− counterparts, CD10+ progenitors have lost erythroid and myeloid potential. On the other hand, CD10+ progenitors cultured on MS5 or OP9/hDL1 stroma demonstrated an enriched capacity to generate B, T and NK lymphocytes as compared to CD10− precursors. In limiting dilution assays, the high lymhoid potential of CD10+ population was confirmed, since 1 out 15 of them gave rise to T cells, 1 out 23 to B cells and 1 out 90 to NK cells. Gene expression profile shows that CD10+ cells express both B and T restricted factors, such as RAG, Gata3, Pax 5 and TdT. In addition, recombination at the IgH locus is already going on, with multiple DJ, but also VDJ recombination products detected. More importantly, CD10+ precursors circulate in the peripheral blood and are detected in the thymus where they are part of the most immature thymocytes CD34+CD1a-CD38-. Altogether, our results demonstrate for the first time the existence of a post-natal lymphoid progenitor population with a broad lymphoid potential and the ability to reach the thymus and generate efficiently T cells. On the long term, their full characterization will pave the way for their enrichment and usage in therapy of primary lymphoid immunodeficiencies.


Introduction Occupational noise exposure is one of the leading causes of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) (Agrawal, Platz, & Niparko, 2008). The regulations protecting the hearing of workers, however, are not always effective. Police officers, firefighters, and construction/ trade workers are all occupations for which the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) does not have sufficient guidelines for hearing-loss prevention (Martínez, 2012; Occupational Noise Exposure, 2008). Many individuals in these professions have documented NIHL but low 8-hr timeweighted averages (TWAs) (Chung, Chu, & Cullen, 2012; Lesage, Jovenin, Deschamps, & Vincent, 2009; Seixas et al., 2005; Tubbs, 1991). Complexities within these professions limit the usefulness of hearing conservation rules that are delineated in the manufacturing industry. For example, in public safety professions, noise is often unpredictable, transient, and varies acoustically from one instance to the next. Sirens, vehicle noises, radio communications, and equipment noises are all encountered to varying degrees when public safety professionals are on duty. Public safety professionals function in unpredictable soundscapes and communication is important for safety; thus, it is necessary to address their hearing health needs in order to maintain employability, prevent injuries, and reduce worker compensation claims. As an example, roughly 4% of retirements caused by illness among firefighters in the UK were a result of audiological problems (Ide, 2007). In the U.S., there are more than 1 million firefighters (Evarts & Stein, 2020). Given the published incidence of ill-health retirements, at least 40,000 firefighters in the U.S retire due to hearing-related injuries. Many of these firefighters experience hearing loss early in their career, leading to hearing health issues over their lifetime (Ide, 2011). In 2010, there were >18,600 reported cases of workplace hearing loss in the U.S. (Martínez, 2012). Reports published by the Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development (2016) show the average claim amount for loss of hearing in Wisconsin was >$14,000. Hearing loss not only impacts communication and employee job function but also increases an individual's risk for other health conditions. Data suggest that hearing loss can increase the risk of depression and dementia (Li et al., 2014; Lin et al., 2011). Some data support that hearing loss can lead to hypertension; hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (Chang et al., 2011). The health and safety effects of hearing loss are significant. As such, it is important to overcome the unique occupational environment challenges related to noise reduction that firefighters face. Some of the complications of noise reduction for public safety professionals are equipment limitations and procedure modifications. Firefighters pose one of the Abst ract Previous research has revealed that firefighters have


The synthesis and photophysical properties of the first examples of iminosugar clusters based on a BODIPY or a pyrene core are reported. The tri- and tetravalent systems designed as molecular probes and synthesized by way of Cu(I)-catalysed azide–alkyne cycloadditions are fluorescent analogues of potent pharmacological chaperones/correctors recently reported in the field of Gaucher disease and cystic fibrosis, two rare genetic diseases caused by protein misfolding.


This article presents PETLION, which is an open-source, high-performance computing implementation of the porous electrode theory (PET) model in Julia. A typical runtime for a dynamic simulation of full charge or discharge is 3 ms on a laptop while allocating about 1 MB of total memory, and the software is seen to be two orders of magnitude faster than comparable software for some applications. At moderate spatial resolutions, the computation times are similar to those of reduced-order and reformulated models in the literature. Multiple numerical solvers and methods for their initialization are compared in terms of numerical convergence and computational times, for a wide variety of operating conditions. PETLION is shown to quickly and robustly simulate complex battery protocols such as the Galvanostatic Intermittent Titration Technique (GITT), and to achieve high performance when incorporated into real-time PET-based nonlinear model predictive control. © 2021 The Author(s). Published on behalf of The Electrochemical Society by IOP Publishing Limited. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 License (CC BYNC-ND, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is not changed in any way and is properly cited. For permission for commercial reuse, please email: email@example.com. [DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ac201c]


This paper analyzes the adoption, diffusion and interaction patterns of the widely observed expansion of ATM and point-of-sale (POS) devices in the banking industry. POS (debit and credit) card transactions are considered as a main paradigm of a welfare-improving transition from cash to electronic-based payment instruments. This transition, however, is following a slow path in many developed countries which can be, at least partially, due to the over time overlapping of the objectives of banks in deploying ATMs (moving some front-desk activities away from branches) and POS devices (increasing the use of cards for purchase transactions). The results of various empirical tests in this paper suggest that the adoption and diffusion of ATMs and POS machines at banks is mostly driven by rival precedence, network effects and market power while demand factors do not seem to be significant. The growth of ATMs is found to negatively affect POS adoption which, in turn, suggests that the promotion of cards relative to cash is diminished by the co-existence and joint promotion of these two rival technologies. Additionally, we provide estimates of the effects of these technologies on the demand for currency. The results show that POS devices and higher POS transactions may reduce significantly the demand for currency and offset the negative effects that the deployment of ATMs and ATM use may have on the demand for currency.


The power system energy management system plays a crucial role in load forecasting. Load forecasting lowers production costs, increases spinning reserve capacity, and improves power system reliability. Financial institutions, power suppliers, and other participants in the electric energy market, such as transmission, generation, and distribution, rely heavily on load forecasts. The allocation of generation for economic reasons is a critical goal of short-term load forecasting. For short-term load forecasting, this research provides a solution paradigm based on an artificial neural network. Dry bulb temperature, Dew point temperature, humidity, and load data are the inputs used to forecast the load. To minimize the error function generated from computed and actual load, the back propagation algorithm was implemented.


Synopsis This Paper gives the results of calculations of the stability of an embankment supporting a low-frictional fill. The work arose from an analysis of the stability of an embankment supporting a slurry consisting of a fine limestone silt with a proportion of clayey material which is pumped to settle in ponds. The embankment is made of coarse crushed stone waste, but it is desirable for economic design to reduce the amount of embankment material to a minimum consistent with safety. If the bank is raised so as to be always level with the slurry, the angle of the interface between the bank and slurry can be arbitrarily selected and the problem is to find the optimum interface angle. The slurry consolidates, and the vane shear strength at any time is found to increase approximately linearly with depth at any point. This led to the consideration of the general case of a frictional embankment supporting a frictional fill. Since the bank material is purely frictional and the slurry has a strength increasin...


The study is aimed at investigating the effect of neutral salts as mixing water on setting times and compressive strength of admixture cements. In the research PPC plus 10% silica fume was added by weight and cubes were casted with deionised water and deionised water containing neutral salts NaCl and KCl. The result shows the NaCl in deionised water accelerates the initial as well as final setting processes whereas the other salt KCl retard them at all concentrations. NaCl and KCl in deionised water increase the compressive strength of mortar cubes significantly in the early days, i.e., at 3 day, 7 day, 21 day, 28 day,60 day and 90 day age, and decreased in compressive strength in longer periods to higher concentrations except KCl. In the present work analysis the hydration characteristics of the admixture cements using the techniques of X-ray diffraction analysis and useful conclusions are obtained regarding the influence of neutral salts.


Under the background of new engineering, new requirements are put forward for training the innovation ability of traditional civil engineering students. Educators must adapt to the current social development environment and explore new ways to improve students' innovation ability to ensure talents adapt to social and technological development. This study takes bridge engineering specialty as a case study to explore a new paradigm to improve the innovation ability of professional talents. In four aspects of teaching goals, teaching contents, teaching methods, examination and evaluation, the specific teaching reform content and the specific implementation method was proposed. The education reform requires to strengthen students' innovative thinking, innovative consciousness and innovative ability training. Meantime, it is important to improve students' engineering innovation ability to analyze and solve complex engineering problems using both emerging technologies and traditional knowledge. Therefore, high-level applied talents can be cultivated to meet the requirements of industrial development and industrial transformation and upgrading. Keywords—exploration; innovation ability; civil engineering specialty students; new engineering


Numerically, moving grids are often found to improve the resolution of approximate solutions to nonlinear hyperbolic conservation laws. In this paper we show how to modify many standard numerical flux functions to incorporate this idea. A generalized Godunov type scheme is shown in the scalar case to converge to the entropy satisfying solution as the mesh size tends to zero. A Courant number of one-half is found necessary in general and proved to be sufficient to obtain convergence. Convergence for methods based upon any two point, conservative and monotone numerical flux function is also shown in the scalar case.


A Renaissance specialist in a field of Joyceans, I expected to be, like Bloom, an outsider at the XXIst International James Joyce Symposium in Tours, France. Instead I felt like a long-lost cousin at the family reunion whom everyone welcomes back into the fold. From the first moments of the Symposium, however, I knew that this would be more than just a quirky family gathering. The aptly named (and oddly shaped) Da Vinci Center hosted the festivities. The opening reception of "Re-Nascent Joyce" buzzed with activity, setting the tone for the rest of the week. Friendly folks welcomed newcomers into their lively conversations, and long-time friends greeted each other warmly. As the evening wound to a close, we realized that we had drained the sparkling white wine, and conference-goers reluctantly parted to get some rest for the first full day. In the first session that I attended, "Desire and Knowledge between Shakespeare and Joyce," Jessica Lucero and Ljiljana Ina Gjurgjan reflected on desire and authority, subjects that continually re-emerged. The Symposium's theme seemed to prompt papers reflecting the modern desire to make meaning out of a (n)everpresent textual historicity. Maria-Daniella Dick of Glasgow directly confronted the desire for such "blanks" in her fascinating Derridean rumination on the lost Hamlet lectures, and Richard Brown pondered the significance of "lived context," dates, and the "habits of everyday life" in Ulysses. Anne Fogarty's paper at Monday's plenary panel also picked up on this desire for historicity in what she called the "modern delight in the abyss." Fogarty described Joyce's continual reassignment of the roles of Hamlet in the context of the Irish literary revival. Both Marie-Dominique Garnier and François Laroque enlisted the aid of puns in enumerating ways that Joyce engenders and displaces identity and meaning through names and writing. Invoking Lucretius and Bruno, Jonathan Pollock brought atomism into this heady mix. Equally excitingly, at another panel, William Brockman unveiled the new James Joyce Checklist database. After such a full day, we were ready for our cocktail hour. Unfortunately, the weather interfered with our plans to celebrate in the gardens of the Musée des Beaux-Arts, but we were shepherded to the obscenely opulent Hôtel de Ville for appetizers. I found myself


Following the framework of generic object recognition system,many different interest operators and feature descriptors are discussed.Some popular recognition models and learning methods are compared.The evaluation criteria and the available datasets also introduced.Perspectives for future research work are presented in the end.


While the damping of a common cabin of a commercial vehicle is realized with hydraulic based dampers integrated into the air springs of the suspension, the damping forces of the realized active cabin suspension are generated by varying the mass of air inside the air spring volume. To achieve a high bandwidth of vibration suppression, the mass flow of compressed air is controlled using fast switching valves. To design the force controller, the air spring force has to be known for the feedback. Due to the limited design space and to reduce costs, an observer based concept is chosen, utilizing the already available sensor signals for displacement and acceleration. To ensure an accurate and high dynamic force estimation, two nonlinear state estimator concepts are introduced, which are both capable of considering noisy signals as well. The comparison between estimation results and measured signals shows a good correlation. By use of a superimposed vibration control, the cabin accelerations can be reduced by applying optimal damping forces, which is proven by measurements.


The effect ofdifferent density on yield and quality of Soybean varieties of Suinong 22 was studied in 2007.The results indicated that in a certain extent,the 100-grain weight was increased and the pots per plant were decreased with the increasing of the density in a certain extent.When the density between 50 000 and 350 000 plant per hectare,the pot number,grain number were increased with the increasing of the density.With the increasing of density,when the density between 50 000 and 300 000 plant per hectare,the oil concentrate was increased and the protein concentrate was decreased with the increasing of the density,when the density over 300 000 plant per hectare,the concentrate of protein was increased.Plant yield,pot number per plant,seed number per plant,node number,stem diameter,branches number,protein content and oil content were all significant negative correlation with the density.Pot number per square meter,seed number per square meter,100-grain weight,plant height were significant positive correlation.Oil content and density was positive correlation,yield with pot per square meter,seed number per square meter was significant positive correlation.So,the suitable density for Suinong 22 was between 300 000 and 350 000 plant per hectare.


Control of TiO2 crystal facets has attracted enormous interest due to the fascinating shape-dependent photocatalytic activity of this material. In this work, the effect of the ratio of {001} and {101} facets on the photocatalytic CO2-reduction performance of anatase TiO2 is reported. A new "surface heterojunction" concept is proposed on the basis of the density functional theory (DFT) calculations to explain the difference in the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 with coexposed {001} and {101} facets.


Objective To observe the curative effect of kidney-reinforcing and menstrual cycle-regulating therapy for improving ovarian reserve in assisted reproductive techniques(ART).Method The patients,who were suggested to abandon the promoting ovulation during in vitro fertilization-embryo transplant(IVF-ET) period because their ovarian reserves were poor,were randomly divided into the treatment group(treated with Chinese medicines,n=30) and the control group(treated with Desogestrel and Ethinylestradiol Tablets,n=30) according to the random table.The serum levels of basal folliclestimulating hormone(bFSH),basal luteinizing hormone(bLH) and basal estradiol(bE2),as well as the changes of antral follicles,were observed on 2nd to 3rd day of a menstrual cycle in two groups before and after the treatment.Result The serum levels of bFSH,bLH and ratio of FSH to LH in the treatment group were decreased after the treatment(P0.05).The results of the treatment group in the decrease of bFSH and increase of antral follicle number in aged women were better than those of the control group(P0.05).Conclusion Chinese medicines can promote the ovarian reserve in sterility women,which open a new train of thinking and provide new methods for ART.


Mass drying of uneven-age spruce forests in the Northern taiga, has been observed since the late 19th century. New occurrences of mass dying of spruce forests have been marked since the beginning of this century in the forests of the area between the Northern Dvina and Pinega rivers in the Arkhangelsk region. Currently in this area are drying affected about 2.5 million hectares of spruce forests. Depending on the degree of age groups representation in spruce forests, types of forest conditions, shrinkage size is greatly varies.The stands drying itself and marketability of drying spruce stands is a multifactorial phenomenon. The remaining part of the stands, presented by the young generations, has a reduced commodity structure, in comparison with the similar age generations in untouched forest stands by the drying. The shrinking and the subsequent collapse of the stand reminds uncontrolled selective felling of medium to high intensity, in which the selection is subject to just the generation that risks entering into the category of dried trees under the influence of a complex of factors. On the basis of a trees distribution series, models of selective cutting parameters calculation in spruce forests with various growth conditions and regional assortment tables for the Northern taiga spruce forests, developed by the author, are obtained forecast tables of merchantability shrunken, and the remaining (unaffected by the shrinkage) stands. Due to the drying part of the stand will disturb the natural distribution of the amount of trees in thickness. Therefore, the application of customary forest valuation norms, developed for stands with no signs of mass drying, in most cases, causes errors.


We experienced three cases of Meckel's diverticulum presenting with strangulation of small intestine. Case 1: A 7-year-old boy. There was a previous history of undergoing appendectomy at the age of six. The patient was admitted to the hospital because of abrupt onset of abdominal pain and vomiting. Conservative treatment was ineffective and laparotomy was carried out on the 5th hospital day. It was found that he had a volvulus caused by Meckel's diverticulum and vitteline cyst which is a rare entiry. Case 2: A 83-year-old man. There was a previous history of undergoing appendectomy at the age of 40. The patient was admitted to the hospital because of nausea. he did not respond to the conservative treatment using an ileus tube. Laparotomy was performed on the 9th hospital day. It disclosed strangulation and necrosis of a segment of the ileum resulting from the adhesive band formed by Meckel's diverticulitis. Case 3: A 76-year-old man. There was a previous history of undergoing gastrectomy when he was 56 years old. The patient had repeated abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting for about one month. These symptoms became worse since 2 days before. So laparotomy was carried out. During surgery, Meckel's diverticulum adhered to the transverse colon and strangulation of the ileum was present. All three cases had a previous history of undergoing laparotomy. It was difficult to make preoperative diagnosis of intestinal obstruction caused by Meckel's diverticulum, because their symptoms often justify to select the conservative therapy under a diagnosis of adhesive ileus.


To solve the problem of large output power fluctuations in wind turbines and improve grid adaptability, a hydraulic energy storage system is introduced in traditional hydraulic wind turbines. Based on the working principle of energy storage hydraulic wind turbines, an energy storage hydraulic wind turbine state space model is established, and the feedback linearization method is introduced to solve the multiplication nonlinear problem in the modeling process. The output power is taken as the control output, and the torque compensation controller is established with the feedback linearization method. The displacement of the variable displacement pump motor is controlled to realize hydraulic energy storage system energy charging and discharging, and the wind turbine output power smoothing control is realized with the fluctuating wind speed. The power smoothing control strategy is verified with the 24 kW energy storage hydraulic wind turbines semi‐physical simulation experimental platform. The proposed control strategy lays the groundwork for the wide application of the energy storage hydraulic wind turbines.


A method of drawing biological black line chart using the ViewGIS Software was introduced.This method has advantage of the traditional hand-drawing method by its features of simple manipulation,accurate structural features,short time-consuming,and accurate proportion.


INTRODUCTION
Asthma is the most common chronic disease in childhood and exposure to tobacco smoke has been long recognized as a risk factor for its onset as well as for exacerbations and poor disease control. Since the early 2000s, electronic cigarettes have been marketed worldwide as a non-harmful electronic alternative to combustible cigarettes and as a device likely to help stop smoking, and their use is continuously rising, particularly among adolescents. However, several studies have shown that vape contains many different well-known toxicants, causing significant cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects on the airways in-vitro and in animal models. In humans, a variety of harmful lung effects related to vaping, ranging from bronchoconstriction to severe respiratory distress has been already reported.

EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
To investigate the potential effects of vaping in pediatric asthma, we searched relevant published studies in the MEDLINE/PubMed database by combining the adequate Medical Subject Headings terms and keywords.

EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
At the end of our study selection process, 5 cross-sectional studies focusing on electronic cigarettes use in adolescents and self-reported asthma and/or other respiratory symptoms, 1 study focusing on the effects of electronic cigarettes second-hand exposure and 1 case report were retrieved. These preliminary data support a likely detrimental effect of vaping in asthmatic adolescents.

CONCLUSIONS
Currently available evidence supports that electronic cigarettes are a potential threat to respiratory health, particularly in adolescents with asthma. High-quality studies on larger population assessing the long-term effects of vape exposure, are urgently needed.


The article discusses 'Station Renaissance', one of the latest strategic projects in the medium term business plans for JR East Group for 2001 to 2005. The purpose of the project is to develop new designs for stations that offer passengers more comfort and convenience. The company reviewed the design and layout of the existing passenger information systems at stations and conducted a customer survey at two major terminals in the Tokyo area that already have complex layout. Based on the above two information gathering projects, a prototype system comprising an IP network with personal digital assistants was created, and a feasibility test was carried out at a station in Tokyo between May and July 2002. As a result, the company focuses on the design of passenger information systems from two approaches: signage for passengers and a support system for station staff.


The article is devoted to the analysis of the dynamics of the content of such important elements of fertility as phosphorus and potassium and the acidity of arable soils in the vicinity of the Mishkino Mishkinsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan is determined. The data on the content of phosphorus and potassium and the determination of acidity in the soils of the Mishkinsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan from 1976 to 2000 were compared. Studies on the phosphorus content in the soils of the Mishkino district conducted in 1976 showed an average level of phosphorus availability. Studies conducted in 1992 showed a slight increase in the availability of phosphorus in the soil. Studies in 2015 and 2020 showed a continuing trend of increasing the availability of phosphorus in the soil. Studies conducted to study the potassium content showed a fairly low potassium content in 1976. In 1992, in general, there were changes in the classes of security and in the amount of potassium content in the soil. Studies in 2015 and 2020 showed a steady trend towards an increase in potassium content in the soils of the district and the presence of soils only with an increased and high potassium content. Studies on soil acidity conducted in 1976 showed that the area of arable soils is mainly represented by medium-acid and slightly acidic soils. Studies in 1992 showed an increase in soil acidity. In the following years, the farm undertook methods of agrochemical effects on soils in order to reduce acidity. Research 2015. and 2020 showed a significant decrease in the acidity of arable soils. It has been established that due to the use of methods of rational nature management of territories, the area of agricultural soils with an average and increased content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium increases, processes of neutralization of strongly acidic soils occur.


By simulating edge dislocation emissions from a mode I crack tip along multiple inclined slip planes, the plastic zone and dislocation-free zone around the crack tip are obtained. It is found that the shape of the mode I plastic zone consists of two leaning forward loops which is better agreement with experimental observations. Except at the crack tip there are also stress peaks in front of the crack tip. A formula of the maximum peak stress as a function of the applied stress intensity factor and the friction stress has been regressed.


Summary Levamisole has been shown to augment the in vitro responsiveness of lymphocytes to PHA stimulation. The response of lymphocytes of 14 (42%) of 33 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was augmented by levamisole. Augmentation was observed in 9 (64%) of 14 PHA hyporesponsives lymphocytes and in 5 (26%) of 19 normo-responsive lymphocytes.


Delirium is highly prevalent in patients with advanced cancer. This study aimed to investigate delirium rates and potential associated factors such as mortality in patients admitted to an acute palliative care unit (APCU). Our second aim was to validate the Korean version of the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (K‐MDAS).


A molecular characterization of tubulin and microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) along with their intracellular pool distributions in both unfertilized and fertilized oocytes of the trout Oncorhynchus mykiss was carried out. In vitro assembly of microtubular proteins was obtained by cycles of assembly-disassembly and by taxol-induced polymerization, thus allowing identification of the protein components of isolated microtubules from the oocyte. Extraction procedures were developed in order to separate molecular components of the egg vitelum prior to purification steps. The use of antibodies that specifically tag tubulin and a set of site-directed probes against repetitive binding sequences on MAPs provided data on the presence of tubulins and enabled the identification of an 85-kDa protein that shares common functional epitopes with mammalian MAPs. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis of the free soluble tubulin pools revealed a significant decrease in the pool extent during fertilization as compared with unfertilized oocytes controls. Interestingly, this decrease in free tubulin in the fertilized trout oocyte appeared to be accompanied with a concomitant increase of the assembled tubulin pools. Within the context of the known effects of heat shock in oocyte fertilization, temperature changes from 4 to 26.5°C of fertilized eggs resulted in a transient increase in the soluble tubulin pools during the initial 5-min heat incubation, decaying after 10 min treatment, to reach at 15 min the levels of soluble tubulin pools of untreated controls. Total tubulin pools remained constant during the heat incubations of fertilized eggs. The distribution of MAPs pools in the oocyte was also investigated using the specific immunological probes. In contrast to tubulin no major differences were found between free MAPs pools of the fertilized oocytes as compared with unfertilized controls. However, heat shock treatment of fertilized oocytes also induced a transient increase in free MAP pools during the first 5 min followed by a mobilization of immunoreactive MAP components from the soluble to the assembled pools. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.


Using Web of Science data, portfolio analysis in terms of journal coverage can be projected onto a base map for units of analysis such as countries, cities, universities, and firms. The units of analysis under study can be compared statistically across the 10,000+ journals. The interdisciplinarity of the portfolios is measured using Rao‐Stirling diversity or Zhang et al.'s improved measure 2D3. At the country level we find regional differentiation (e.g., Latin American or Asian countries), but also a major divide between advanced and less‐developed countries. Israel and Israeli cities outperform other nations and cities in terms of diversity. Universities appear to be specifically related to firms when a number of these units are exploratively compared. The instrument is relatively simple and straightforward, and one can generalize the application to any document set retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS). Further instruction is provided online at http://www.leydesdorff.net/portfolio.


Objective:To summarize the experience of reconstruct oral and maxillofacial defects by forearm free flap.Method:72 patients reconstructed with forearm free flap for oral and maxillofacial defects from Aug.2005 to Aug.2009 were involved in this retrospective research.These patients followed up from 1 to 5 years.Result:The overall success rate was 97.2%.The long term result of donor site and donee site were satisfied,and the sensation recovery was also presented in several patients.Conclusion:The forearm free flap is a multifunction flap with good texture which can be applied to reconstruct oral and maxillofacial defects.


Traditional schlieren photography has several important disadvantages when designing a system to image refractive index gradients including the relatively high cost of parabolic mirrors and the fact that the technique does not easily yield quantitative data. Both these issues are resolved by using synthetic Schileren photography, but this technique produces images with a lower resolution than traditional schlieren imaging. Synthetic schlieren imaging measures a refractive index gradient by comparing the distortion of two or more images with high frequency backgrounds. This method can either yield low-resolution quantitative data in two dimensions or high-resolution quantitative data in one dimension, but cannot give high-resolution data in two dimensions simultaneously. In order to yield high resolution imaging in two dimensions, a technique is described that based upon previously measured fields, adaptively modifies the high resolution background in order to maximize the resolution for a given flow field. Thesis Supervisor: Professor Alexandra Techet Title: Associate Professor Adaptive Synthetic Schlieren Imaging


In spite of differences in racial and Socio-Economical conditions, remarkable uniformity in the average normality of packed cell volume at sea level has been observed all over the world (Wintrobe 1933, Nelson & Stoker, 1937, Hamre & Auim, 1942). Packed cell volume is estimated as a part of the haematological investigations. Little attempt has been made in correlating and statistically analysing the influence of various biochemical and haematological factors associated with it.


The characterlzatlon of left ventrlcular functlon has remalned essentlally uncbanged for many decades. In an effort to extract the maximal amount of physlological lnformatlon from the left ventrlcular pressure (LVP) contour obtalned at cardlnc catheterlzatlon and to galn new lnslghts Into vcntrlcular functlon we utllized the method8 or nonlinear dynamlcs for LVP analysls. We were motlvated by the knowledge that the heart, In certaln respects, behaves as a nonlinear osclllator. Uslng the methods or nonllnear dynamics and chaos theory resulted In the quantltatlve characterlzatlon of LVP not posslbtc by methods In current use. Thls suggests that our method may provlde a new quantltatlvc sclcatlflc and cllnlcal tool for the characterlzatlon of global LV functlon.


A control technique of individual current pulses utilizing an auxiliary circulating thyristor is presented. As the current pulses can be adjusted continuously from almost zero to full size, the output voltage waveform can be improved and the instability is removed because of the exact current control. The performance of the system, including such variables as voltage and current for different operating frequencies, is studied by digital simulation.<<ETX>>


China's Economic Problems and Christian Missionary Effort In the Chinese Recorder for August, Julian Arnold has written pertinent suggestions about missionary enterprise in China for the formative years of new economic adventure. Western industrial ideals are rapidly taking the place of the Chinese medieval industrial life. China's society is being overwhelmed by this industrialism. Its people are gifted with a mechanical instinct and are learning rapidly. No caste exists. The differences of status are largely those of opportunity. With the incoming of this new economic regime there is grave need for a collateral of education. Those millions of China will struggle through the Western agonies of ill-adjusted labor conditions if proper social legislation and social ideals are not promptly introduced. "Thousands of boys, girls, men, and women are employed in the textile factories, and, with but few exceptions, with little consideration for sanitation, hours of labor, age limitations, or the physical or moral well-being of the operatives. " In the changing era old traditions are being scrapped. The influence of her wholesome family life is being threatened. To stabilize her life by the helpful influence of a large agricultural population, China needs modern transportation, railroads that will relate all sections with the sea, and give access to Central Asia, if such can be done without political complications. Railroads would make accessible vast fertile areas. At present six-sevenths of the people are crowded into one-third of its area. This changing life with its problems is a vigorous challenge to the missionary forces in China. Are these alive to these new conditions? If they rise to the opportunities of the time, they will bring results commensurate with millions of dollars of money which the friends of the West invest in this cause and who crown these gifts with their sympathy. If they fail to grip the situation now, they may fall out of the race in a few decades and be reduced to an inconsequential factor. They must look farther ahead than the church and mission school of a few decades ago. These Chinese, receptive to the West, have no prejudice against Christianity. Can the West give Christian direction to this flood of industrial life? The hope lies in the indirect method of molding Chinese leadership. Missionary societies must concentrate their efforts at this point-to locate every kind of wholesome leadership in all phases of the country's life and mold it. This is a big job and requires big men and women. Work by women, broad-minded, strong in character, will appeal to those fine, strong, patriotic women of China. Training these to be the leaders of their sex will be as vital a factor as any in this coming industrial environment. Noble service has been done by the missionaries of the past. This constructive era calls for a broad-minded and sympathetic understanding of China's whole life. A broader training is required than under the old laissez faire method of individual training. It will be necessary to improve the work of the language schools in which instruction be provided in Chinese institutions, history, literature, geography, and economic developments under competent instructors. This new task must not be handicapped by men who have fallen into the ruts of another day. The potential leadership, selected in the


The eccentrically braced steel frame is a good moment-resisting system,widely used in high-rise structures,but its seismic performance in severe earthquake needs some in-depth study.This paper,based on an eccentrically braced high-rise apartment,with software SAP2000,has calculated the stiffness and stress distributions,the vibration modes and load-displacement curves etc.in severe earthquake,and it compared the dynamic/ aseismatic characteristics of eccentrically and centrally braced frames by elastic and elasto-plastic time history analyses.The analyses reveal that,the lateral stiffness of eccentrically braced highrise frames satisfies the requirements of lateral resistance;the eccentrically braced frames behaves better than centrally braced frames as the higher lateral stiffness and resistance in plastic stage in severe earthquake.


The optical characteristics of the cross-grating bearing 180°-shifting phase are studied experimentally and theoretically, with a discussion of its application.


Nuclear data uncertainties are propagated from basic theory to a full core model of the Kalimer600 Korean type Sodium Fast Reactor (SFR) using the TALYS nuclear code system, the "Total Monte Carlo" (TMC) approach and perturbation methods developed at NRG. Nuclear data uncertainties from sodium, iron, and some actinides will be presented together with their impact on parameters such as the sodium void coefficient and keff . One of the advantages of the TMC method is that it avoids approximations used in perturbation theories, by applying an exact uncertainty propagation approach. Additionally, full nuclear data uncertainties (cross sections, nu-bar as well as single and double differential data) can be considered.


When Tahar Djaout was gunned down in front of his Algiers apartment building on 26 May 1993, Algerians were stunned and enraged. A massive and public outpouring of grief ensued, a mountain of elegiac writing was produced, and the terrible moment of this writer's death was frozen, preserved as the moment that defined his life. Instantly, Tahar Djaout became a literary martyr and a kind of secular saint. My text explores the mediating role of the relic (the bone) in Djaout's texts, and, in turn, it will consider the text itself as a relic and site of mediation between the author and reader, and between the dead and the living. Djaout was the author of five novels and several books of poetry and short fiction, as well as being a founder and editor of the newspaper Ruptures, which disappeared shortly after his death.


Citation for published version (APA): Portegies Zwart, I., Jansen, J. K. M., Bree, van, L. G. F. C., & Janssen, L. J. J. (1998). Reduction of metal ions in dilute solutions using a GBC-reactor; part V: Scale-up and design optimisation of a GBC-reactor operating in a galvanic mode. (RANA : reports on applied and numerical analysis; Vol. 9834), (Reduction of metal ions in dilute solutions using a GBC-reactor; Vol. 5). Eindhoven: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven.


Says Thrasymachus : Justice is consulting the advantage of others to our own disadvantage, and therefore there is no reason why we should practise it if we can avoid doing so; in fact we should be fools and even slavish to practise i t ; and so people in their hearts will think about us, though they will be glad, for their own sakes, to see us do it, and therefore with their mouths will praise and encourage us. Says Adeimantus to Socrates: Without going so far as Thrasymachus, do you not think there is some truth in what he says ? Without troubling ourselves as to what people think in their hearts, we value the good character and reputation which we gain by justice : we see that virtue, as a rule, is a good speculation, and honesty the best policy, and so we are willing to act for the advantage of others to our own disadvantage, aware that this disadvantage will result in future advantage. Do you not then agree in substance with Thrasymachus, and think that it is the resulting good reputation which, except when we act from fear of punishment, is the reason, and the only reason, why we should practise justice? True, Thrasymachus thinks the acting with a


FIELD: working of built-up cutting tool, milling steps on blank. SUBSTANCE: cutting tip includes pair of mutually opposite main lateral surfaces. Each lateral surface has two mutually spaced mainly flat and non laying in the same plane supporting surfaces inclined by different angles relative to normal line to base of cutting tip. Milling cutter includes at least one cutting tip and body with seat for tip. Said seat includes adjacent lateral and rear walls directed practically across its base. Lateral wall has mutually spaced mainly flat and non-laying in the same plane lateral supporting surfaces inclined by different angles relative to normal line to seat base. EFFECT: enhanced accuracy of mounting cutting tip in seat of milling cutter. 10 cl, 11 dwg


Trickle bed reactors are commonly used in chemical industries. Scale-up of trickle bed reactors is difficult and simple scaling rules often lead to poor design. Fluid dynamics of the trickle bed reactors is complex and sensitive to the scale of the reactors. Flow mal-distribution, channeling, wetting of catalyst and local temperature variation are some of the important parameters which controls the overall performance of the trickle bed reactors. Two-phase pressure drop and liquid holdup are two important hydrodynamic parameters which should be considered while analysing and designing a trickle bed reactor. By using computational fluid dynamics, we can understand fluid dynamics and its interactions with chemical reactions. In this study a computational fluid dynamic model based on Eulerian multiphase 2D model has been developed for simulating two phase flow in a trickle bed laboratory scale reactor.The porous media concept was used to model solid packings in the reactor. Model predictions were evaluated by comparing them with published experimental data. Pressure drop and liquid hold up along the bench scale reactor were obtained and were in good agreement with experimental data.


Microarray gene expression data has high dimension and small samples, the gene selection is very important to the classification accuracy. In this paper, we present a scheme of recursive feature addition for microarray gene expression classification based on supervised learning and the similarity measure between chosen genes and candidates. In comparison with the well-known gene selection methods of T-TEST and SVM-RFE using different classifiers, our method, on the average, performs the best regarding the classification accuracy under different feature dimensions, the mean test accuracy and the highest test accuracy under the highest train accuracy, and the highest test accuracy in the experiments.


It is the oldest tax in the eastern part of the Bishop of Malaga in the libro de la cuenta account receiver Diego Fernandez de Ulloa. Their study shows a bleak situation, especially in the maritime zone. It discusses the process of confiscating Nasrid finances and the impact it had. And he concludes by stressing the value of this extraordinary book as a documentary of the first order in the process of Malaga to the crown of Castile. PALABRAS CLAVES: Fiscalidad, Recaudacion, Malaga, Mudejares, Capitulaciones


Trends of civil reconciliation in political reforms of NEP "extension", 1924–1926 are determined. The content and limits of NEP "extension" is defined. Regional specific of NEP "extension" in the South of Russia is revealed.


There is a sparse number of credible source models available from large-magnitude past earthquakes. A stochastic source model generation algorithm thus becomes necessary for robust risk quantification using scenario earthquakes. We present an algorithm that combines the physics of fault ruptures as imaged in laboratory earthquakes with stress estimates on the fault constrained by field observations to generate stochastic source models for large-magnitude (Mw 6.0-8.0) strike-slip earthquakes. The algorithm is validated through a statistical comparison of synthetic ground motion histories from a stochastically generated source model for a magnitude 7.90 earthquake and a kinematic finite-source inversion of an equivalent magnitude past earthquake on a geometrically similar fault. The synthetic dataset comprises of three-component ground motion waveforms, computed at 636 sites in southern California, for ten hypothetical rupture scenarios (five hypocenters, each with two rupture directions) on the southern San Andreas fault. A similar validation exercise is conducted for a magnitude 6.0 earthquake, the lower magnitude limit for the algorithm. Additionally, ground motions from the Mw7.9
earthquake simulations are compared against predictions by the Campbell-Bozorgnia NGA relation as well as the ShakeOut scenario earthquake. The algorithm is then applied to generate fifty source models for a hypothetical magnitude 7.9 earthquake originating at Parkfield, with rupture propagating from north to south (towards Wrightwood), similar to the 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake. Using the spectral element method, three-component ground motion waveforms are computed in the Los Angeles basin for each scenario earthquake and the sensitivity of ground shaking intensity to seismic source parameters (such as the percentage of asperity area relative to the fault area, rupture speed, and risetime) is studied. Under plausible San Andreas fault earthquakes in the next 30 years, modeled using the stochastic source algorithm, the performance of two 18-story steel moment frame buildings (UBC 1982 and 1997 designs) in southern California is quantified. The approach integrates rupture-to-rafters simulations into the PEER performance based earthquake engineering (PBEE) framework. Using stochastic sources and computational seismic wave propagation, three-component ground motion histories at 636 sites in southern California are generated for sixty scenario earthquakes on the San Andreas fault. The
ruptures, with moment magnitudes in the range of 6.0-8.0, are assumed to occur at five locations on the southern section of the fault. Two unilateral rupture propagation directions are considered. The 30-year probabilities of all plausible ruptures in this magnitude range and in that section of the fault,
as forecast by the United States Geological Survey, are distributed among these 60 earthquakes based on proximity and moment release. The response of the two 18-story buildings hypothetically located at each of the 636 sites under 3-component shaking from all 60 events is computed using 3-D nonlinear time-history analysis. Using these results, the probability of the structural response exceeding Immediate Occupancy (IO), Life-Safety (LS), and Collapse Prevention (CP) performance levels under San Andreas fault earthquakes over the next thirty years is evaluated. Furthermore, the conditional and marginal probability distributions of peak ground velocity
(PGV) and displacement (PGD) in Los Angeles and surrounding basins due to earthquakes occurring primarily on the mid-section of southern San Andreas fault are determined using Bayesian model class identification. Simulated ground motions at sites within 55-75km from the source from a suite of 60 earthquakes (Mw 6.0 − 8.0) primarily rupturing mid-section of San Andreas fault are considered for PGV and PGD data.


The publication of Riera last book: Science, Romanticism and Utopia, gives rise to talk about the relationship between science and history. The Catalan science historian answered many questions about his work and considered the present state of the science history as an academic discipline.


In this report, a new color combination method is proposed. Test results with natural images are presented to compare and analyze presented method's performance.


Combining the advantage of UML modeling,UML modeling method was introduced,and process modeling was stated about software development based on the specific example modeling,detailing the functional analysis,system design,to system implement.Requirement model,static model and dynamic model were constructed by software design platform Power Designer 15,the code framework of the particular language was generated automatically,thereby enhancing the program development efficiency and success rates.


A scheme is proposed for steering the magnetization of a monodomain nanoparticle to a predefined state via ultrashort magnetic pulses. Based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation we find analytical expressions for the driving fields and the magnetization dynamics valid for pulse durations shorter than the field-free precessional period of the magnetization. These expressions do not depend on the type of anisotropy and provide conditions for fast switching and magnetization ``freezing.'' Numerically, using the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation extended to finite temperatures we confirm the robustness of the analytical predictions to thermal fluctuations, different anisotropy types, and shapes of pulses; and also explore the range of validity of the short-pulse approximation.


In the case of detection of failure on a direct link interconnecting Master and Backup upstream switches, a control module of the Master upstream switch sends a partial failure message representing the occurrence of partial failure in the Master upstream switch via any of multiple lines connected to multiple ports of the Master upstream switch to the Backup upstream switch. Upon reception of the partial failure message from the Master upstream switch, a control module of the Backup upstream switch identifies partial failure occurring in the Master upstream switch and keeps the Backup operating status of the Backup upstream switch. Upon no reception of the partial failure message from the Master upstream switch, on the other hand, the control module of the Backup upstream switch identifies total failure occurring in the Master upstream switch and switches over the operating status of the Backup upstream switch from Backup to Master. In the event of failure occurring in the Master upstream switch, this arrangement effectively prevents unintentional interruption of data communication but ensures normal data communication in a network without causing the double-master state and the control loop in the network.


The purpose of this paper is to review the theoretical and empirical literature relevant to language performance assessment. Following a definition of performance assessment, this paper considers: (1) theoretical assumptions underlying performance assessment; (2) purposes of performance assessment; (3) performance assessment procedures; (4) merits and demerits of performance assessment; (5) language performance assessment formats and research relevant to each format; (6) criteria for selecting performance assessment formats; (7) alternative groupings for assessing student performance; (8) performance assessment via computers and research related to this area; (9) reliability and validity of performance assessment and research related to this area; and (10) conclusions drawn from the literature reviewed in this paper.


Keywords: Micropolluants ; Hopital ; Traitement ; Eaux usees Note: Design Project ENAC 2012, en collaboration avec le CHUV (M. Christopher Pyroth) Reference EPFL-STUDENT-182412 Record created on 2012-11-21, modified on 2016-08-09


try to cognitively suppress by conscious attempts to distract themselves via motor restlessness or impulsive behavior. This combined with the hyperarousal symptoms [criterion D of DSM IV] makes differentiation from attention-deficit disorder difficult. Possibly, when pre-existing ADHD is a vulnerability factor to develop PTSD. Similar mechanisms hold good for other comorbid disorders also. In postdisaster situation, other factors like complicated grief reactions, survivor guilt and trauma-induced demoralization may occur. Differentiation of PTSD from other comorbid conditions is therefore difficult, but is very important to accomplish, as the treatment can vary. From the above, it is clear that clinicians should spend a considerable amount of time with children to elicit symptoms of PTSD, which may include play or projective psychological tests. One may like to use either semistructured interview schedules or self/parent report instruments. Though several of them are available for use in different age groups, none of them is deemed optimal (AACAP, 1998). Development of an instrument to tap PTSD in children of all age groups especially in the Indian setting is therefore very much a felt need.


This article applies three distinct feminist perspectives to critique scientific objectivity, and the problematic, theories, methods of data collection, and methods of data analysis in consumer research. Each feminist perspective helps heighten sensitivity to gender biases in current research and offers insights on new directions for consumer scholarship. Copyright 1993 by the University of Chicago.


In-ovo injection with exogenous materials, such as natural antioxidants, throughout incubation could be a technique to boost hatchlings' performance. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of in-ovo injection of cinnamon, thyme, and clove extracts on the subsequent growth performances, immunity, and physiological responses of newly-hatched chickens. A total of 450 fertile eggs used in the current experiment were obtained from avian broiler breeder flocks of 28 weeks of age. The eggs were randomly distributed into five treatment groups which included three replicates for each one (30 eggs each group) in a completely randomized design at day 10 of embryogenesis. Treatment groups included a control group (P1: without any injection), the group received an injection of 0.5 ml deionized water (P2: sham group), and the groups injected with 0.1 ml cinnamon, thyme, and clove extracts (P3, P4, P5, respectively). The hatchlings from each treatment were randomly assigned to five replicates of 10 chickens, and reared until 35 days of age. The results showed no significant differences among groups in terms of feed consumption, serum albumin, and immunoglobulin's A (IgA). Nevertheless, using extracts resulted in a significant increase in body weight and weight gain, and improved feed conversion ratio and immunoglobulin's G and M (IgG and IgM), compared to the control and sham groups at 35 days of age. The injected extracts had significantly positive effects on serum lipids profile, liver functions (AST, ALT, and ALP) values, and antioxidant activity, compared to the control groups. Furthermore, serum concentrations of triiodothyronine and thyroxine were significantly higher in the group injected clove-extracted than in other experimental groups. According to the results, it can be concluded that in-ovo injection of herbal extracts, especially clove extract on day 10 of incubation has a positive effect on the broiler chickens' weight at hatch and post-hatch performance as well as physiological, immunological, and anti-oxidative status of hatched chickens.