The mission was carried out under a contract between ICCRI and PT Indocafco, which had asked for mass CBB trapping trials to be set up using the BROCAP® trap to validate it under Indonesian conditions. The merit of mass trapping is to reduce CBB populations migrating from residual fruits, which results in fewer attacks on new crops without using insecticides. Two sites were examined: a) The Tapanuli site (Tarutung district, North Sumatra): arabica coffee trees (altitude at around 1200 m) without shade. There were substantial CBB attacks on harvested red berries (12.6%) and very severe attacks on berries fallen to the ground (55.9%). b) The Way Harong site (Tanggamus district, Lampung): robusta coffee trees with shade from large trees, with 11% of CBB attacks on fruits still on the trees. The sites visited had agro-ecological conditions that were different from and less favourable to the trap than those in El Salvador where the BROCAP® trap has been studied, particularly with regard to growing without shade in the Tapanuli region. In addition, berry production is virtually continual and there is no marked post-harvest period without fruits, which governs trapping efficiency. Despite the less favourable conditions at the sites studied in Sumatra, it is felt useful to have, now, in Indonesian conditions, an initial assessment of the BROCAP® trap whose efficiency could be significantly better at a later date once an improved attractant is available (ongoing work). The periods recommended for trials are the end of May for the Tapanuli site and the end of June for the Way Harong site. During the mission, a preliminary trial was installed, comprising one plot with 16 traps, and one neighbouring control plot in order to: train technicians how to set up trials in 2006, familiarize them with trap monitoring and CBB counting, and establish an attack observation method. This preliminary trial is to be conducted up to the end of December 2005. (Resume d'auteur)


Abstract We investigated how insects use wax as a defence against visual predators, using a New Zealand salticid species, Marpissa marina, as the predator and Eriosoma lanigerum, an aphid that covers itself with wax, as the prey. For live‐prey testing, the predator was presented with two aphids, one with its wax covering intact and one with its wax removed. The predator ate more of the waxless than wax‐covered aphids. The predators were presented with two lures at a time: (1) one that was fully covered with wax (hid the aphid's head) compared with one that was without wax (waxless) or (2) one that was fully covered with wax compared with one that was only partially covered with wax (the head of the prey exposed), or (3) one that was waxless compared with one that was partially covered with wax. The predators stalked waxless prey more often than they stalked prey that was fully or partially covered with wax. When wax only partially covered the prey (i.e., when the prey's head was left exposed), the predator more often stalked than when the insect was fully covered. These findings suggest that the aphid's wax covering functions in part to hide prey‐identification cues from vision‐guided predators.


The overall design of a Model Based Control system was presented. The system consists of PLUG-IN MODULES, governed by a SUPERVISORY PROGRAM and communicating via SHARED DATA FILES. Models can be ladded or replaced without affecting the oveall system. There can be more then one module (algorithm) to perform the same task. The user can choose the most appropriate algorithm or can compare the results using different algorithms. Calculations, algorithms, file read and write, etc. which are used in more than one module, will be in a subroutine library. This feature will simplify the maintenance of the system. A partial list of modules is presented, specifying the task they perform. 19 refs., 1 fig.


Kutadgu Bilig, the first known great work of Islamic Turkish literature, has a rich vocabulary. In this fortune, the present metaphors reflect the concept world of the era. On the basis of the concepts it reflects are the experiences of the society, cultural accumulation, perspective of life and how the mind perceives the world. The metaphor consists of the indicators and the ones that express how the world is perceived and conceptualized in our daily lives. Metaphors in which at least two contents fit into one form are a natural part of our thinking system. It embodies and objectifies thoughts, which shows the effective and ingenious processability of our language. Metaphors used in every field have also been used in literature. In our study, orientation metaphors in Kutadgu Bilig were examined and thirty-eight orientation metaphors were identified. The metaphors identified are still continuous today. This continuity shows us that the metaphor is directly related to culture.


Uniformly enhanced small-angle X-ray scattering intensities of amorphous SiO2, measured following irradiation with 320keV H + and He + beams, are shown to be correlated, irrespective of the incident ion, with the O and Si cumulative displacement yields. Damage by both beams originated primarily from nuclear stopping but, under H+-ion irradiation, contributions from ionization processes were significant as well. At low beam fluences, the irradiated structure is compatible with the presence of stable radiation-induced interstitial-like O and Si atoms and complementary O and Si vacancy-like sites. There is no evidence for recovery near room temperature of the modified structure to the pre-irradiated state or for formation of colloidal-size scattering centers, such as gas bubbles or voids. Thus, ion-irradiation-induced changes in physical and chemical properties of silica seem to be due to the effect of the preserved primary atomic displacement damage.


Because of their ability to transform atmospheric N2 into ammonia that can be used by the plant, researchers were originally very optimistic about the potential of associative diazotrophic bacteria to promote the growth of many cereals and grasses. However, multiple inoculation experiments during recent decades failed to show a substantial contribution of Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) to plant growth in most cases. It is now clear that associative diazotrophs exert their positive effects on plant growth directly or indirectly through (a combination of) different mechanisms. Apart from fixing N2, diazotrophs can affect plant growth directly by the synthesis of phytohormones and vitamins, inhibition of plant ethylene synthesis, improved nutrient uptake, enhanced stress resistance, solubilization of inorganic phosphate and mineralization of organic phosphate. Indirectly, diazotrophs are able to decrease or prevent the deleterious effects of pathogenic microorganisms, mostly through the synthesis of antibiotics and/or fungicidal compounds, through competition for nutrients (for instance, by siderophore production) or by the induction of systemic resistance to pathogens. In addition, they can affect the plant indirectly by interacting with other beneficial microorganisms, for example, Azospirillum increasing nodulation of legumes by rhizobia. The further elucidation of the different mechanisms involved will help to make associative diazotrophs a valuable partner in future agriculture.


The paper analyzes data collected from around the world on patients with COVID-19 The patients studied were of different ages, with different chronic diseases and symptoms, men and women A binary classifier has been developed that considers data on a person's health, symptoms, patient's age, and other properties and determines the patient's disease outcome by assigning it to one of two categories: fatal or not The work's practical value is to help hospitals and health facilities decide who needs care in the first place when the system is overcrowded and to eliminate delays in providing the necessary care © 2020 Copyright for this paper by its authors Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4 0 International (CC BY 4 0)


Abstract Temperature fluctuations in an atmospheric convective boundary layer are investigated by means of large eddy simulations (LESs). A novel statistical characterization for both weak temperature fluctuations and strong temperature fluctuations has been found. Despite the nontriviality of the dynamics of temperature fluctuations, the data presented here support the idea that the most relevant statistical properties can be captured solely in terms of two scaling exponents, characterizing the entire mixed layer. Such exponents control asymptotic (i.e., core and tails) rescaling properties of the probability density functions of equal-time temperature differences Δrθ between points separated by a distance r. A link between statistical properties of large temperature fluctuations and geometrical properties of the set hosting such fluctuations is also provided. Finally, a possible application of these new findings to the problem of subgrid-scale parameterizations for the temperature field in a convective ...


A straightforward method for the assembly of fluorescent polyrotaxanes is described here. The consecutive threading of N-(6I-desoxy-β-cyclodextrin-6I-yl)-N′-(5-fluoresceinyl)-thiourea, β-CD-F, and α-CD onto poly(N,N-dimethyliminium-hexamethylen-N′,N′-dimethyliminium-decamethylene chloride), I-6,10, leads to a fluorescent polyrotaxane. Free β-CD-F could be distinguished from threaded β-CD-F by gel electrophoresis. Since the dissociation of threaded α-CD rings is sterically hindered, the obtained polyrotaxanes are kinetically stable at 25 °C, and they did not require further stabilization by the attachment of stopper groups at the chain ends. Single polyrotaxane entities could be visualized with both fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 6223–6230, 2009


Background— Excessive alcohol consumption is associated with cardiomyopathy, but the influence of moderate alcohol use on cardiac structure and function is largely unknown. Methods and Results— We studied 4466 participants from visit 5 of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study (76±5 years and 60% women) who underwent transthoracic echocardiography, excluding former drinkers and those with significant valvular disease. Participants were classified into 4 categories based on self-reported alcohol intake: non-drinkers, drinkers of up to 7 drinks per week, ≥7 to 14 and ≥ 14 drinks per week. We related alcohol intake to measures of cardiac structure and function, stratified by sex, and fully adjusted for covariates. In both genders, increasing alcohol intake was associated with larger left ventricular (LV) diastolic and systolic diameters and larger left atrial diameter (p values <0.05). In men, increasing alcohol intake was associated with greater intake was associated with lower LV ejection fraction (−1.9% ± 0.6% per consumption category, p=0.002) and a tendency for worse LV global longitudinal strain (0.45% ±0.25% per consumption category, p=0.07). Conclusions— In an elderly community-based population, increasing alcohol intake is associated with subtle alterations in cardiac structure and function, with women appearing more susceptible than men to the cardiotoxic effects of alcohol.


Connective heat transfer coefficient at the fluid-particle interface was determined for cut green beans in 303 × 406 cans processed in an agitated retort (FMC Steritort) by measuring the temperature of an aluminum bean and that of the surrounding Newtonian fluid. Four retort reel velocities, two sizes of aluminum beans, and six particle/fluid ratios were employed. Several correlation forms were tested. A correlation was developed in terms of the j-factor, Reynolds number (Re), and shape factor with an R2 of 0.785. the particle's shape was a critical factor in the heat transfer correlations. the fluid-particle heat transfer rate increased with an increase in rotational velocity of the retort.


We study a quasi-static model for viscoelastic materials based on a constitutive equation of fractional order. In the quasi-static case this results in a Volterra integral equation of the second kind, with a weakly singular kernel in the time variable, and which also involves partial derivatives of second order in the spatial variables. We discretize by means of a discontinuous Galerkin finite element method in time and a standard continuous Galerkin finite element method in space. To overcome the problem of the growing amount of data that has to be stored and used at each time step, we introduce sparse quadrature in the convolution integral. We prove a priori and a posteriori error estimates, which can be used as the basis for an adaptive strategy.


Kuntjoro A, Sutarno, Astirin OP. 2009. Body weight and statistic vital of Texel sheep in Wonosobo District by giving theramie hay as an additional woof. Nusantara Bioscience 1: 23-30. This research is aimed to observe the body weight and statistic vitalmeasurement of 50 Texel sheep. Sheep are classified into five treatments of giving woof P0 (giving tree greenish woof withoutconcentrate), P1 (giving greenish woof and concentrate without adding the ramie hay/0%) concentrate), P2 (giving greenish woof andconcentrate by adding 10%) ramie hay), P3 (giving greenish woof and concentrate by adding 20%) ramie hay), P4 (giving greenishwoof and concentrate by adding 30%) ramie hay), every treatment was repeated 10 times. The result shows that even it canA¢â'¬â"¢t yet replacethe concentrate function, but adding ramie hay as much as 10%), 20%) and 30%) on sheep woof can increase the body weightA¢â'¬â"¢s growthrespectively 186.67 g/day, 153.34 g/day dan 103.34 g/day. The addition of ramie hay 10%), 20%) and 30%) can increase the addition ofstatistic vitalA¢â'¬â"¢s measurement on breast of sheep livestock 1.20 cm); 0.95 cm) and 0.90 cm); the addition of statistic vital measurement onthe body length of sheep livestock 0.05 cm); 1.00 cm) and 0.75 cm) and also the addition of breast width is 1.50 cm); 0.15 cm) and 0.3cm). Meanwhile the addition of ramie hay on livestock woof can only increase the addition of statistic vital mesurement on breast atgiving 30%) as big as 0.15 cm). It is needed to know further on giving ramie hay by concentration comparasion of hay of different leafand stem.


" "-" " ::: "-The loss of detection sensitivity Incurred by any stage of Image processing may normally be characterized by the frequency dependence c? the detective quantum efficiency (DQE) of that stage of processing, provided the image Is represented In continuous coordinates. However, l.lmltatlcns tG the DQE concept arise when discretely sampled projection data are used to obtain discretely sampled computed tomographic (CT) reconstructions. The source of tl~eselimitations is che al>aslng produced by the discrete sampling which mixes contrihu-tifms from various frequencies. An associated problem Is that the SNR for the detection of' an Obdect can depend upon the position of the object relatlve to the discrete reconstruction pixels. The effective SNR for discrete Images must take into accocnt this variation, lihilethere may be no loss in the detection SNR for reconstructions in continuous coordinates (DQE = 100%!), a reduction In the SNR will result from allaslng for discrete reconstructions. A simple one-dimensional model.elucidates the characteristics of discrete CT reconstruction. The Problem of'the detection of objects in statistically 1 mited computed tomographic (CT) reconstructions has been approached by several autho~s 14 These authors have mainly tiealtwith effect of the unusual correlations in CT noise5-~on the detection of reconstructed obJects. Their derivations, based on continuous coordinates, have thus far avoided the question of the effect of discrete reconstructions on detection. This paper will concentrate on these effects which will become especially important for the detection of small objects (i.e., smaller than a few pixels width). A one-dimensional model of the CT recon-StXWCtlOtI process will be used to demonstrate the types of effects that can be expected to occur in the standard 2-D (or 3-D) CT reconstruction. The results for the 1-D model are directly applicable to situations in which discrete 1-D signals are combined to improve the signal-to-noiseratio. A one-dimensional model will be used to illustrate the effects of discrete sampling. Figure 1 presents the hypothetical x-ray radiographical situation. A source of x rays illuminates a section of uniform background material in which is embedded ;he obJect to be detected, The integral of the combined attenuation coefficient through the material,


As the continuous growth of online shopping, the massive data behind this are valuable sources for website to study and adjust marketing strategies. Therefore, it is of great significance to scrutinize the consumers ' purchase behaviours and the related factors that have major effects on purchase intention or behaviour. This study analysed the data from laboratory setting first, then the online sales data from Taobao.com to explore how the influential factors, such as online reviews (positive vs. negative mainly), risk perception (higher vs. lower) and product types (experiencing vs. searching), interacted on the online purchase intention or online purchase behaviour. The results showed that: (1) in the laboratory setting, the online purchase intention was greatly affected by the online reviews and the interaction between the reviews and the product types. In particular, the purchase intention was higher presented with positive reviews than negative ones, especially for experiencing products. Furthermore, stronger purchase intention was found for experiencing goods with lower risk perception and positive reviews. (2) For the real online transaction data, interestingly, the positive reviews had no effects on purchase, but the neural/negative reviews may negatively affect the purchase behaviour for products with higher risk perception. In addition, these findings were discussed from theories and practice perspectives respectively.


Hybrid reflections (HRs) involving substrate and layer planes (SL type) [Morelhão et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 73 (15), 2194 (1998)] observed in Chemical Beam Epitaxy (CBE) grown InGaP/GaAs(001) structures were used as a three‐dimensional probe to analyze structural properties of epitaxial layers. A set of (002) rocking curves (ω ‐scan) measured for each 15° in the azimuthal plane was arranged in a pole diagram in ϕ for two samples with different layer thicknesses (#A – 58 nm and #B – 370 nm) and this allowed us to infer the azimuthal epilayer homogeneity in both samples. Also, it was shown the occurrence of (1$ \bar 1 $3) HR detected even in the thinner layer sample. Mappings of the HR diffraction condition (ω:ϕ) allowed to observe the crystal truncation rod through the elongation of HR shape along the substrate secondary reflection streak which can indicate in‐plane match of layer/ substrate lattice parameters. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Protein-protein interfaces have different properties from the other surface.We make a summary of the characteristics of protein interfaces and the methods to predict the interface regions from monomer structures.


Haman Country OfficeABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to examine the suitability of genetic evaluation models using the integrated racing records collected from Gwacheon and BusanGyeongnam racetracks. Results obtained are summarized as follows: In the short-distance races of 1,400 meters and less the records of finishing time at Gwacheon racetrack was superior, whereas, in the races of 1,800 meters and more it was superior in the records from BusanGyeongnam racetrack. The effects of contemporary groups accounted for 42.7~70.2% of the total variation, and the effects of the individual race considering racing classes was the biggest in all racing distances. Heritabilities and repeatabilities for the finishing time were estimated in the range of 0.153-0.238 and 0.401-0.498, respectively. Correlation coefficients between the breeding values estimated from the integrated records and the breeding values estimated from records of Gwacheon and Busan-Gyeongnam were 0.907 and 0.803, and coefficients of rank correlations were 0.891 and 0.846, respectively. The correlation coefficients between sire's annual earning of the integrated records and Gwacheon and BusanGyeongnam racetracks records were 0.943 and 0.886, and coefficients of rank correlations were 0.938 and 0.853, respectively. Also, the correlation coefficient of sire's annual earning between Gwacheon and BusanGyeongnam racetracks was 0.742. The results of this analysis indicate that the genetic evaluation using the integrated racing records are reliable when the racing records from BusanGyeongnam racetracks are stabilized and more data are accumulated.(Key words : Finished time, Contemporary group, Heritability, Repeatability, Breeding value)


The study contains a comprehensive review of the literature on the brain of the cattle, followed by notes on form and location of the brain in the skull of the cow and of the diencephalon. In addition we point to some possibilities for locating the brain by stereotaxic manipulations. Several structural particularities are discussed, where to a limited extent references to structures of the brains of other domestic artiodactyla are made.


The Foundation for Government (F4Gov) programme developed for the British Civil Service is an innovative low cost accredited programme of distance learning using a dedicated Virtual Learning Environment designed to improve individual and hence organisational performance. It is flexible in terms of design and delivery and enables individuals and organisations to devise learning which meets their needs. The emphasis upon theory and practice is designed to reflective practice as well as embed deeper learning associated with higher education. The content of the programme is designed to equip participants with the skills necessary to deliver modern government.

The University of Chester is anxious to talk with partner institutions who are interested in adapting the programme for their own needs.


Background The Spondyloarthritides (SpA) are immune-mediated conditions characterised by spinal and joint inflammation. The pathogenic role of Th17 lymphocytes has been shown by multiple studies but few reports exist on the phenotype of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and their role in the course of the disease. Studying Tregs is particularly challenging because of their heterogeneous phenotype and potential plasticity at the site of inflammation. Given the complexity of the Treg landscape, a multi-dimensional approach, including both protein and gene analysis, offers novel mechanistic insights that can be leveraged to develop new treatments. Objectives 1) To describe the Treg phenotype in SpA patients compared to controls. 2) To identify differential expression of markers, such as trafficking molecules or co-inhibitory molecules, within Tregs at the inflammatory site. 3) To define the gene expression landscape in Tregs in the peripheral blood and synovial fluid in patients with active SpA. Methods A total of 61 patients with SpA (38 with Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), 23 with Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA)) and 16 age-matched healthy controls were recruited. Peripheral blood (PB) and paired synovial fluid (SF) mononuclear cells (n=8) were also analyzed. Isolated mononuclear cells were stained with 3 multicolor flow cytometry panels, including a total of 35 surface and intracellular protein markers. Manual gating was done in parallel with unsupervised data analysis using FlowSOM and SPADE. Cells from blood and synovial fluid from three treatment-naive PsA patients were isolated and their RNA sequenced at a single cell level with the 10x Genomics platform. Results Whereas no major difference in the Treg frequency was observed comparing the PB of SpA patients and healthy controls, in the SF we observed a higher Treg frequency, with a striking prevalence of the memory (CD45RA-) compartment (mean: 11.7 vs 4.7%; p=0.01) and a higher expression of Foxp3 (p=0.04). Trafficking markers demonstrated considerable heterogeneity, as visualized on SPADE analysis, mirroring the classification of T helper cells, but little difference in terms of relative frequency compared to healthy controls. Within the Treg compartment we identified populations of Helios-negative Th17-like cells able to secrete higher levels of IL-17A (mean: 2.8 vs 1.2%; p=0.02) while expressing normal levels of Foxp3; and putative regulatory CD8+ T cells expressing classical Treg features (Foxp3, CTLA4). The analysis of the single cell transcriptomic data confirmed a high degree of heterogeneity, both in the SF and the PB, with consistent findings across patients. Unsupervised clustering identified different subsets that share a core of regulatory transcripts, onto which additional programs are added, including a very distinct Th17-like module. Of note, various Treg subsets express preferentially different co-inhibitory genes, suggesting a functional specialization. Conclusion High-dimensional immunoprofiling in SpA patients shows normal frequency of Tregs in the PB, but increased Tregs with activated phenotype in the inflammatory site. The presence within the Treg population of Th17-like and CD8+ populations are intriguing preliminary findings that require further evaluation. Preliminary transcriptomic analysis confirms the presence of specialized subsets within the Treg compartment. Disclosure of Interests Davide Simone: None declared, India Brough: None declared, Liye Chen: None declared, Frank Penkava: None declared, Anna Ridley: None declared, Hui Shi: None declared, Hussein Al Mossawi Grant/research support from: UCB, Paul Bowness Grant/research support from: Merck, GSK, Celgene


Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are coordination compounds with infinite structures consisting of metal ions/clusters and organic ligands linked through coordination interactions. The reported studies prove the fact that the nature of the organic ligands dominates the final structures as well as properties of functional MOFs in a certain way. Therefore, we focus on discussing the ligands to fabricate functional MOFs which are suitable for catalysis and the storage of hydrogen and carbon dioxide. With the development of functional MOFs, diverse N- or O-donor ligands have been designed. However, sometimes just one ligand containing only one kind of N- or O-donor cannot realize the specific functionality of frameworks. Thus it is necessary to design a ligand containing N- and O-donors simultaneously or mixed ligands with the same or different donors. In this highlight we summarize some common types of mixed donors or mixed organic ligands used in the construction of functional MOFs and discuss the relationship between the organic ligands and the final structures.


This paper presents the problem of Human resources forecasting method which is based on the cluster analysis and neural networks. The specific factors, which strongly effect the forecasting results are determined for every economic activity. The comparative analysis of classical and designed methods was made and the efficiency of the proposed method was shown.


The paper has introduced the Journal 'Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy',presented its main journal evaluation indexes. The result indicates that the journal has made great progress in recent years. It gives much info. about the journal to authors.


The late Bronze Age eruption of the Thera volcano was among the largest eruptions of the Holocene era. This catastrophic event might perish all organisms from the ancient Santorini and could seriously impact the sand fly fauna of the Aegean islands. To investigate these effects, the survival possibility of the sand fly fauna in the Santorini islands and the biogeographic investigation of the sand fly fauna of eleven Aegean islands were conducted. It was found that only the south and east slopes of the massifs of Thira could provide refuge for sand fly populations. The expression-based heat map of the Jaccard coefficient matrix data showed that the Santorini islands and their neighbouring Anafi, Folegandros had clearly different z-score patterns compared to the other islands. It could be a late sign of the devastating effect of the Minoan eruption and/or the consequence of the distance of these islands from the mainland. Neither the glacial seashore patterns nor the geographic-climatic conditions can explain the present sand fly fauna of the Aegean Archipelago. If the sand fly populations of ancient Santorini survived the Minoan cataclysm, it could indicate that the environmental tolerance and the resilience of the sand fly populations can be high, and local geological and geomorphological conditions can play a greater role in the survival of sand fly species than previously assumed.


BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic, autoimmune, and multisystemic disease of unknown etiology involving the function of multiple organs and tissues, such as the skin or the kidneys. Renal involvement during pregnancy affects more than 50% of patients, and its presence increases the feto-maternal morbidity and mortality and determines the evolution of pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: Describe the right management of lupus nephritis during pregnancy in order to diagnose and prevent the potential complications of these patients. CLINICAL CASE: 36-year-old woman in her second pregnancy with diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus with lupus nephritis type IV. She presents a prior pregnancy with progressive deterioration on renal function, that caused the delivery at 37 weeks. The renal biopsy performed three months before conception showed lack of activity and her baseline serum creatinine levels were about 1-4-1.5 mg/dL. During the first trimester she was diagnosed with high blood pressure and due to the progressive deterioration on renal function, with serum creatinine levels up to 2.09 mg/dL the finalization of pregnancy was indicated at 34+3 weeks after fetal lung maturation. CONCLUSIONS: Gestational success of patients with lupus nephritis depends on a good preconceptional planning and a multidisciplinary approach. It is also important the remission of the disease 4-6 months before conception, the degree of renal failure, the presence of high blood pressure and the development of preeclampsia and/ or fetal growth restriction.


Simple Summary Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains an incurable disease, but some promising innovative treatment options are under investigation. Recent developments in precision medicine have enabled the identification of new predictive biomarkers and potential targeted agents. The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss new therapeutic approaches for metastatic CRPC (mCRPC), focusing on pathway description, prognostic and/or predictive role of recently discovered molecular alterations, investigation techniques, and potential clinical implications. Abstract Prostate cancer is the second most common diagnosed cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men worldwide. Despite significant advances in the management of castration-sensitive prostate cancer, the majority of patients develop a castration-resistant disease after a median duration of treatment of 18–48 months. The transition to a castrate resistance state could rely on alternative survival pathways, some related to androgen-independent mechanisms. Although several agents have been approved in this setting, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains a lethal disease. Recent studies revealed some of the complex pathways underlying inherited and acquired mechanisms of resistance to available treatments. A better understanding of these pathways may lead to significant improvements in survival by providing innovative therapeutic targets. The present comprehensive review attempts to provide an overview of recent progress in novel targeted therapies and near-future directions.


ABSTRACT The authors undertook research in the British Newspaper Library into music hall performers in the early twentieth century magazine the Red Letter. The magazine uniquely gives details of various acts and the audiences' reaction to them. However, due to lax record-keeping on their part, it was necessary to return to the library, which accidentally led to the uncovering of much more information previously unknown, particularly in relation to the rise to prominence of Charlie Chaplin. The authors are now looking at producer Mike Craig's comedy archive, maintained at the University of Salford.


Tumor microenvironment (TME) is formed as a result of interaction and cross-linking between the tumor cell and different types of surrounding cells. Recent studies have shown that the tumor reprograms the microenvironment so that TME promotes the development of primary tumors, their metastasis and becomes an important regulator of oncogenesis. Under the influence of the tumor, the immune profile in the TME undergoes significant changes, "editing". An immunosuppressive network is formed, which suppresses the activity of the main effector of cellular immunity — T lymphocytes. T cells in TMA are in a state of anergy and exhaustion. T cells in TME are characterized by increased expression of inhibitory receptors, decreased secretion of cytokines and cytolytic activity. Blocking inhibitory receptors with specific antibodies can lead to the restoration of the functions of exausted T cells. Therefore, the restoration of the functional activity of T lymphocytes is one of the important strategies in cancer immunotherapy. The formation of the immune profile is influenced by genetic aberrations accumulating in the tumor. They play an important role in creating a specific, characteristic only for this tumor immune environment in the TME. Genetic changes in tumor cells lead to phenotypic and functional rearrangements of lymphocytes, which allows the tumor to escape the reaction of immune cells. Since many tumors occur after prolonged inflammation or exhibit characteristics of chronic inflammation as they progress, inflammation is considered an important factor in the formation of immune profile in TME. Immune infiltrates from different human tumors associated with inflammation may contain valuable prognostic and pathophysiological information. Macrophages in the TME now began to be regarded as descriptive marker and as a therapeutic target. One of the main mechanisms by which tumor cells reprogram surrounding cells is the release of exosomes — small vesicles that carry and deliver proteins and nucleic acids to other cells. When exosomal cargo is absorbed, molecular, transcriptional and translational changes occur in the recipient non-tumor cells in the TME. Therefore, tumor exosomes are an effective means by which the functions of immune cells in TME are purposefully changed. Thus, along with individual molecular and genomic testing of the tumor, attention should be paid to a deeper analysis of the immune profile of TME. It is a large resource of biomarkers and targets for immunotherapy.


INTRODUCTION Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminates are used in various industrial fields because they have excellent properties in the specific strength and specific stiffness. The CFRP has a potential of weight reduction in the automotive structure which can contribute to the improvement of mileage as well as the reduction of carbon dioxide. On the other hand, the safety issue in case of collision should be also clarified when employing the CFRP as automotive structures. In this paper, hybrid beam which consisted of an Al Alloy and CFRP were examined by both experiments and FEM as a candidate to replace the conventional steel guarder beam used inside the automotive door. The experimental relations of impact loading to the displacement for the hybrid beam showed good agreement with those from FEM results. These results show that the numerical FEM method developed here is useful for estimating the impact behaviour of Al guarder beams reinforced with CFRP layers.


Introduction My interest in the Mamutzones dates back to 2002 when I was contacted by Graziano Fois, a researcher from Cagliari, Sardinia. Using the Internet, he discovered that I had done considerable research on Basque folklore and culture and wanted to consult with me concerning a theory he had developed concerning the origin of the name of the Mamutzones. He had been investigating this Sardinian cultural phenomenon for some


A process for the preparation of resin particles comprising: heating a mixture comprised of a free radical initiator compound, at least one stable free radical compound, at least one free radical polymerizable monomer compound, and at least one free radical polymerizable crosslinking compound; and cooling the mixture, wherein the resulting product resin particles are crosslinked and are comprised of polymerized monomers and at least one crosslinking compound, and wherein the particles have a narrow particle size distribution, a narrow pore size distribution, and a high monomer to polymer conversion.


The invention provides a rope load detecting device (2) for detecting the total load of multiple ropes (1) of an elevator. The rope load detecting device (2) comprises a frame (21) kept on the ropes of the elevator and a force sensing element (22), wherein the frame is composed of a tension beam (211), a first connecting bar (212), a second connecting bar (213), a movable component (214) and a support beam (215), wherein one ends of the first connecting bar and the second connecting bar are fixed to the tension beam; the other ends of the first connecting bar and the second connecting bar are fixed to the support beam; one end of the movable component is connected to the tension beam; the other end of the movable component freely penetrates through the support beam; the force sensing element (22) is arranged in the tension beam of the frame; the frame is configured to make the parts, penetrating through the first connecting bar, the second connecting bar and the movable component, of each rope of the elevator curved, so that the generated force of each loaded rope of the elevator can be applied to the force sensing element of the tension beam through the movable component of the frame, and the total load of multiple ropes of the elevator can be detected through a single force sensing element.


Freelancing platforms, such as Upwork, represent an expansion of the gig economy to encompass knowledge-based work. Prior research in HCI has primarily focused on forms of gig work such as ride-sharing and microwork but has not addressed how freelancing platforms are disrupting high-skilled knowledge work. To understand freelancers' perspectives on how these platforms are disrupting their work we have collected and thematically analysed 528 posts with 7499 comments from four relevant subforums on Reddit. The qualitative findings reveal tensions between wanting autonomy and control and the necessity of opportunities and convenience. Freelancing platforms are perceived as systems that present advantages to find clients, gain experience and mitigate precarity. However, these platforms constrain the control over their work that freelancers value. The paper contributes an improved understanding of freelance work, the role and potential for freelancing platforms in the knowledge-based gig economy, and directions for worker-centred design.


The rate of adoption for genetically Inodified (GM) crops at the close of the 20 century is arguably one of the most defining moments in the hislory of agriculture within that century. This rapid global adoption of GM varieties of canola, corn, cotton, and soybeans was not without controversy though. At the opening of the 21 sE century, the debate regarding contentious issues shows no signs of abating. The number of contentious issues is wide and varied, ranging from social issues, such as consumer acceptance, to scientific issues like gene flow. Debate about gene flow has grown in importance over the past several years, especially with the C0l11nlencement of crop trials involving pharmaceutical plants. There are two justifications for pursuing the technology of phannaceutical plants. Firstly, production of high-quality biological material is presently carried out using Jnammalian cells inside a bioreactor, which is very expensive and results in high drug costs that could potentially limit the number of people that benefit from new drugs. Secondly, even at the present tiIne, there is an insufficient level ofbioreactof capacity available to meet the current demand, let alone the expected increase in demand over the next decade.


Attractive sites for offshore renewable energy facilities, such as offshore wind or wave energy systems, are often located in deep water due to stronger, more consistent resources and mitigation of aesthetic concerns. Despite improvements in the technology associated with floating offshore energy systems, the high capital cost of the support systems still remains a significant obstacle. This study presents a novel, efficient multiline ring anchor (MRA) system which can provide significant capital cost savings. A limited comparative study of the MRA to a suction caisson in soft clays shows the MRA has a clear advantage under horizontal loading, but further efficiencies may be realized by attaching wing plates to the cylindrical core of the anchor. Two-dimensional finite element analyses were conducted to understand how wing plates alter the collapse mechanism of a cylindrical anchor and to provide reliable estimates of load capacity. The studies show that the collapse mechanisms and bearing factors can be understood in terms of existing knowledge of the behavior of plate and cylindrical anchors.


The said indicator can tell driver the traffic light status in forward crossroad and suitable speed. These are obtained by a computer based on the change regulation of traffic lights, the position, direction and speed of the vehicle, the standard time and other parameters.


Objective To investigate CT and MRI findings of sinonasal inverted papilloma. Methods Seventeen patients with SNIP that were confirmed by surgery and pathology were retrospectively analyzed. All of them underwent non-contrast CT with muti-planar reformation,seven contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Results All of the 17 patients were unilateral,involving the lateral nasal wall in 2 cases,involving the nasal cavity and sinuses in 15 cases,including 1 case of malignant change. The 16 cases of benign lesions showed as strips,cauliflower,with a small wavy surface,and creeping along with the inherent structure. On CT scan,all17 lesions showed medium density,with bone displacement in 13 cases,hyperplasia in 5 cases,absorption in 3 cases,and enlargement of opening of the maxillary sinus in 5 cases. On MRI,the lesions showed medium T1 signal,medium-slightly hyper mixed T2 signal and fence-like pattern enhancement in 3 cases;medium-hypo mixed T1 signal,medium-hyper mixed T2 signal,and convoluted cerebriform pattern enhancement in 2 cases;medium T1,medium T2 and moderate enhancement in 1 case. The malignant change lesion showed spherical,lobulated,rim visible bone invasion damage,mixed signals,lack of fence-like or convoluted cerebriform pattern reinforcement. Conclusion Diffuse Creeping growth and small wavy edge is the sinonasal inverted papilloma morphological characteristics;CT shows medium density,usually with bony changes;Fence-like or convoluted cerebriform pattern on MR T2 WI or enhanced Tl WI is typical finding.


The article presents the results of experimental research into the effect of tyres on vehicle stability, handling and vibration damping. Quasistatic and dynamic tests have been carried out according to ISO standards. Several types of tyre with 135/70 R 13 dimensions and with identical tread and inflation pressure have been used during the tests. Based on the test results obtained, the appropriate characteristics have been calculated according to the above mentioned standards. Results obtained are evaluated and compared.


Abstract : The role of space operations in the United States military has matured significantly since the end of the Cold War. The transformation from strategic applications to tactical integration has increased the demands for effects achievable through joint space capabilities on and off the battlefield. The explosive growth of and demand for joint space capabilities have outstripped the joint community's ability to provide unifying doctrine and a command and control structure to meet the demands. Consequently, the military services have independently developed solutions and doctrine to meet the needs of their respective joint force component commander. The thesis of this research is the US military must create a jointly focused command and control organization to meet the Joint Force Commander's growing demand for synchronized joint space capabilities. Although joint doctrine addresses the need for a space coordinating authority (SCA) separate from a commander to achieve space superiority, it does not provide sufficient joint authority to effectively execute the SCA role. Consequently, the Joint Force Air Component Commander has attempted to combine the roles in the Joint Air Operations Center resulting in a less than optimum integration of space into US joint warfighting. To establish clear lines of authority and enable a joint forces wide perspective of space power, a Joint Space Synchronization Authority supported by a Joint Space Synchronization Officer, Theater Space Integration Cell, and Joint Space Superiority Cell is proposed. While these organizations could operate independently of each other at different locations, the greatest synergy is obtained by co-locating them in a Joint Space Integration Division in the JAOC. This construct allows for a jointly recognized and focused approach to space force synchronization and integration across all components.


Salt marshes are dynamic systems able to laterally expand, contract, and vertically accrete in response to sea level rise. Here, we present the grand challenges that need to be addressed to fully characterize marsh morphodynamics. The review focuses on physical processes and quantitative models. Without predictive models, it is impossible to determine the future marsh evolution under accelerated sea level rise. In these models, one of the challenges is to resolve both horizontal and vertical dynamics within the same framework. Vertically, the marsh has to accumulate enough material to contrast rising water levels. Horizontally, marsh erosion at the ocean side must be compensated by landward expansion in forests, lawns, and agricultural fields. The dynamics of the marsh‐upland boundary are still not fully understood and will require more research in the upcoming years. The complexity of marsh vegetation is seldom captured in predictive models of marsh evolution. More research is needed to understand the effects of each species or species assemblages on hydrodynamics and sediment transport. Here, we further advocate that a sediment budget resolving all sediment fluxes in a marsh complex is the most important metric of marsh resilience. Characterization of these fluxes will enable to connect salt marshes to other landforms and to unravel feedbacks controlling the evolution of the entire coastal system. Current models of marsh evolution rely on sparse data sets collected at few locations. Novel remote sensing techniques will provide high‐resolution spatial data that will inform a new generation of computer models.


Protease-sparing regimens are sometimes considered the best initial therapy because they can effectively reduce viral load, while allowing the individual to reserve potent protease inhibitor therapy for later treatment. Others contend that the more potent therapy should be used first, to give a patient the best shot at long-term viral suppression. The debate continues with the promotion of efavirenz (Sustiva), a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), sometimes prescribed as the initial course of therapy. Several reasons are explored for re-evaluating this decision, which is largely based on limited information from one trial with significant results. A table compares efavirenz with Nevirapine and Delavirdine, two other NNRTIs. There are still not enough data to support a recommendation about the use of protease-sparing treatment or the comparative value of the three NNRTIs listed.


Aspects of demographic aging in Bulgaria Hungary Poland the German Democratic Republic Romania Czechoslovakia the USSR Albania and Yugoslavia are compared. Attention is given to similarities and differences in total population the evolution of major age groups indicators of aging median and average age dependency ratios expectation of life at birth selected demographic rates for the elderly natural increase and population policies. (SUMMARY IN ENG) (ANNOTATION)


Evidence-based practice is recognized as key to improving the quality of health care, increasing patient safety, controlling costs, and improving outcomes for people with healthcare and nursing needs. Despite its advantages, the use of evidence in healthcare settings is not yet a standard of healthcare in the world. How can students learn and develop skills to use evidence-based-practice (EBP) in current nursing curriculum and how can researchers work with students and clinical professionals to increase EBP? Changes in nursing education will require close collaboration with clinical contexts because learning about evidence takes place outside the classroom.


An Electronic cam system has been designed on the basis of PLC in the text.The selection of hardware and design of program have been introduced with an emphasis on the coder selection,cam signal program processing diagram,and design method of safety reliability.The electronic cam system has properties of high reliability,low cost,easy service and maintenance.


When India was colonised by the British in the 18th and 19th centuries, it was systematically surveyed and delineated in map form for administrative and political purposes. Here, Anuradha Mathur and Dilip da Cunha urge a new, 'deeper' reading of the landscape that fully acknowledges the multiple uses and potential initiations of public spaces. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


KOHNO, H., MIZUTANI, A., YODA, K. & YAMAMOTO, T. 2019. Movements and activity characteristics of the Brown Booby Sula leucogaster during the non-breeding period. Marine Ornithology 47: 169–174. As the availability of individual-based tracking has increased, our understanding of seabird distributions outside the breeding season has advanced for a variety of species, but remains comparatively limited for species inhabiting the tropics. In this study, we investigated the at-sea movement and activity of eight Brown Boobies Sula leucogaster during the non-breeding period using light-level geolocators. Boobies spent the non-breeding season in the western Pacific across a large geographical range; however, at a regional scale, there was variation among individuals in their use of wintering habitats, with areas 6 575 km apart between their northernmost (the East China Sea/Yellow Sea) and southernmost (northern New Guinea) destinations. Overall, during the non-breeding period, boobies spent 17.6 % ± 5.0 % of their time on the water during the day and 11.1 % ± 8.2 % of their time on the water at night. This low percentage of time spent on the water at night indicates that they may have rested on land or roosted on rocks, a behavior that might be an anti-predatory strategy. Although individuals exhibited spatiotemporal variations in their movements, all tracked birds were absent in the breeding region for periods of time coinciding with seasonal pulses of unfavorable local environmental conditions. This study is the first to explore individual-based at-sea movements and activity characteristics of Sula species during the non-breeding period. Our results provide insight into how breeding phenology relates to seasonal movements.


Todaypsilas PLC systems are mostly limited in transmission speeds to several kilobits per seconds. Such speeds are certainly not sufficient for running popular services like a broadband Internet, a teleworking or the Video on Demand. This fact is reducing a chance of the PLC technologypsilas deployment in a wide range. One way how to overcome this problem could be in introduction of optimal errors correcting techniques into the PLC technology. In this contribution, different types of coding techniques are discussed, including RS, Turbo or Convolutional codes. Theoretical analyses are focused on their positive and negative features visible in case of their deployment in the PLC transmission environment. Special attention is pointed to their robustness against noises, which is analyzed also practically in form of the simulations. Analyses and simulations are done for individual codes as well as combination of codes.


e13126 Background: A Canadian Study (Chia, ASCO 2003, Abstract 22) comparing OS across 4 time cohorts in patients with metastatic Breast CA demonstrated OS benefit at 1 and 2 years that appears rel...


Aiming at analysing the constraints to economic development, the article takes as reference the classic Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) approach to centre–periphery relations and seeks to update it from two points of view: adding the new historical context of the financialisation of capitalism and highlighting the new format and operation of the International Monetary System (IMS). The article's objective is thus analysing the effects of financialisation on the IMS, emphasising the hierarchies of this system and its consequences for the economic dynamic of centre and peripheral countries. The main hypothesis is that financialisation has produced changes in cross-border capital flows, but also – and chiefly – in the 'nature' of the key-currency of the IMS. As a consequence, the exorbitant privilege of the reserve currency issuing country reaches a paroxysm, while peripheral countries are victims of a 'compulsory duty'.


AIM To observe and contrast the effects of different specific gravity of levobupivacaine in spinal anesthesia during gynecological surgery.METHODS Sixty patients were divided randomly into 3 groups, and subjected to spinal puncture in lateral position between spinous processes at L_(2-3) levels using domestic combined spinal and epidural anesthesia(CSEA) puncture bag.After lumbar puncture,the patients in the hyperbaric group were received 2 mL of 0.75%levobupivacaine and 1 mL of 10%glucose injection.The patients in the isobaric group were received 2 mL of 0.75%levobupivacaine and 1 mL of sterile water for injection.The patients in the hypobaric group were received 2 mL of 0.75%levobupivacaine and 4 mL of sterile water for injection.Analgesic effects,sensory and motor block were observed.RESULTS The onset time of sensory and motor block in the hypobaric group was similar to that in the middle group(P0.05),but longer than that in the hyperbaric group(P0.05).The duration of the sensory and motor block in the hypobaric group was significantly shorter than those in the other two groups(P0.05).There was no significant difference in VAS score among three groups(P0.05).Blood pressure 5 min after anesthesia were higher that that before anesthesia in hyperbaric and isobaric groups(P0.05),with no significant difference in the hypobaric group (P0.05).CONCLUSION The hypobaric levobupivacaine in spinal anesthesia results in a faster recovery of sensory and motor function,and is more suitable for gynecological surgery.


havioural regularities of judges suggest that courts are no longer independent. Becker is attempting to modify and build upon the psychological perspective of judicial behaviour studies in American political science. But he is most effective when he moves to an organizational level and considers the roles of courts as institutions in larger political systems. It is then that courts become relevant to the rest of political science, and cross-national studies become valuable.


To the Editor.— Your readers may find some interest in this account of an unusual case. Report of a Case.— On Dec 23, 1969, a 67-year-old woman became nauseated while travelling by car early in the afternoon, and vomited. She did not consider herself seriously ill and completed the trip. Late in the afternoon nausea recurred, with pain in the left side of the chest radiating to the left shoulder. Upon the patient's arrival in the hospital emergency room, her skin was cool and moist, and blood pressure was 100/70 mm Hg. An electrocardiogram showed deviation of the S-T segments and the initial impression was that she had suffered a myocardial infarction. The patient's condition was considered precarious. On the following morning, the patient's condition seemed improved. The blood pressure had risen. X-ray films of the chest revealed almost complete collapse of the left lung with much air and fluid


On 29 November 2016, Janet Blackman, co-founder of Social History, died surrounded by her many friends. Social History played a prominent role in the critical development of social and cultural history and her long-term commitment to the journal was one of Janet's most important academic achievements. Keith Nield, with whom she edited Social History, and was my PhD supervisor, sadly passed away in 2010. He and Janet were great friends and great academic collaborators. Indeed, now they are both gone, it feels like the end of an era, not only in personal terms, but also in the history of the profession. Janet keenly felt the loss of Keith but her commitment to Social History did not waiver and although she retired from the University in 2001, she continued her editorial work for Social History, ensuring its longer-term future. Janet had been at Hull since 1962, when she joined the Department of Economics having studied economic history at Sheffield. John Saville led the


The transition to haulage of taconite pellets on the Duluth, Missabe & Iron Range Railway found unit train services attractive. To achieve optimum train operation, DM&IR coupled its short ore cars in four-car sets with drawbars, introduced the Wabco straight-air retainer system, and eliminated angle-cocks and air-hose connectors where the drawbars are installed. The road uses a planned 1,188 cars assembled in "miniquads" in 124-car unit trains. With this operation so successful, attention has now turned to on-train monitoring of derailed equipment and plans for a more comprehensive real-time measurement of condition throughout any unit train. It is concluded that more can be done to improve the operational control, efficiency and safety of unit trains.


The case of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has increased every year. HIV disease causes death in mothers and children. The needs of mothers who have HIV in producing children are diverse, including biological needs, psychological needs for laboratory examination, or special education for HIV-infected children. This study aims to explore in depth the needs of HIV-infected mothers in caring for HIV-infected children in pine house Bandung.
This research is a qualitative research with descriptive explorative design. Participants in this study were mothers who had HIV who had an HIV child with a total of 8 people. Data collection by in-depth interview of Discusion Group Focus (FDG). Data analysis using thematic analysis according to Collaizz's method.
The results of the study are eight themes: 1) knowledge of mothers who have HIV in caring for children of HIV, 2) challenges of mothers who have HIV in caring for children of HIV, 3) biological needs of mothers who have HIV in caring for children of HIV, 4) psychological needs of mothers who experience HIV in caring for children of HIV, 5) Educational needs for children with HIV, 6) Need for Labolatory check up, 7) Support / Social Support, 8) Positive expectation of HIV-infected mother in caring for HIV-infected children.
Based on the results of the study it is recommended that nurses can act as educators and informants for families of patient with HIV / AIDS, become advocates, and also become a motivator. For further investigators can examine the basic human needs of adolescents with HIV / AIDS.
The case of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has increased every year. HIV disease causes death in mothers and children. The needs of mothers who have HIV in producing children are diverse, including biological needs, psychological needs for laboratory examination, or special education for HIV-infected children. This study aims to explore in depth the needs of HIV-infected mothers in caring for HIV-infected children in pine house Bandung.
This research is a qualitative research with descriptive explorative design. Participants in this study were mothers who had HIV who had an HIV child with a total of 8 people. Data collection by in-depth interview of Discusion Group Focus (FDG). Data analysis using thematic analysis according to Collaizz's method.
The results of the study are eight themes: 1) knowledge of mothers who have HIV in caring for children of HIV, 2) challenges of mothers who have HIV in caring for children of HIV, 3) biological needs of mothers who have HIV in caring for children of HIV, 4) psychological needs of mothers who experience HIV in caring for children of HIV, 5) Educational needs for children with HIV, 6) Need for Labolatory check up, 7) Support / Social Support, 8) Positive expectation of HIV-infected mother in caring for HIV-infected children.
Based on the results of the study it is recommended that nurses can act as educators and informants for families of patient with HIV / AIDS, become advocates, and also become a motivator. For further investigators can examine the basic human needs of adolescents with HIV / AIDS.


Maternal overweight/obesity contributes significantly to the development of gestational diabetes, which causes risks to both mother and fetus and is increasing sharply in prevalence worldwide. Since hypoxia reprograms energy metabolism and can alleviate weight gain, adiposity, insulin resistance (IR), and dyslipidemia, we set out to study the potential of sustained reduced ambient oxygen tension (15% O2) during pregnancy for alleviating the detrimental effects of diet‐induced IR in C57Bl/6N mice, taking normal chow‐fed and normoxia (21% O2) groups as controls. Our data show that hypoxic intervention reduced maternal weight gain, adiposity, and adipose tissue inflammation, and ameliorated maternal glucose metabolism and IR during gestation in diet‐induced IR relative to normoxia. Where diet‐induced IR reduced maternal hemoglobin and increased serum erythropoietin levels, hypoxic intervention compensated for these changes. Diet‐induced IR reduced fetal growth in normoxia, and even more in hypoxia. Hypoxic intervention reduced liver weight gain during pregnancy in the dams with diet‐induced IR, maternal liver weight being positively associated with embryo number. In case of diet‐induced IR, the hypoxic intervention compromised placental energy metabolism and vascularization and increased end‐pregnancy placental necrosis. Altogether, these data show that although hypoxic intervention mediates several beneficial effects on maternal metabolism, the combination of it with diet‐induced IR is even more detrimental to the placental and fetal outcome than diet‐induced IR alone.


#### What you need to know

Trauma is a major contributor to the global burden of disease. Those who experience major trauma have serious and often multiple injuries associated with a strong possibility of death or disability. Nationally there are around 20 000 cases of major trauma per year in England, and over a quarter of these result in deaths.1 Trauma care is a developing field, and recent civilian and military research has led to changes in the assessment and management of severely injured patients. This article summarises the most recent recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) on the assessment and initial management of major trauma. These guidelines sit as part of a suite of trauma guidelines2 3 4 5 6 and alongside the previously published guidelines on head injury.7 They are written in the context of the NHS, where trauma care was reorganised into major trauma networks in 2012. Here we focus on two central themes of the guidelines—the assessment of a patient with major trauma and the management of patients who are actively bleeding.

#### What's new in this guidance?

#### Other topics covered in the NICE major trauma guideline

While this article summarises the two central themes of the guideline (streamlined assessment of the major trauma patient in hospital and the management of patients who are actively bleeding), the guideline also …


Hydrothermal deposits on deep-sea floors are expected to provide potential metal resources for future demands. Korea was recently granted a prospecting licence to undertake exploration for hydrothermal metal deposits in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of the Kingdom of Tonga in the Pacific Ocean. The Korean Deep Seabed Mining Group (KDSMG), which consists of four Korean companies involved in marine technologies, oil and gas shipping, and smelter industries, has conducted research to evaluate the region's resource potential in cooperation with the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs (MLTM) of Korea. Here we present and reflect on the exploration results of these companies and their strategic plans. We also evaluate Research and Development (R&D) progress for the commercial development of seafloor hydrothermal deposits. Our own strategies and prospects for the commercial development of this potential resource are also outlined. We do acknowledge that other potentially important information regarding the amount of ore body, the inside structure, and the metal yields have not yet been clarified sufficiently. As such it is necessary to address these problems through experimental R&D and surveys.


Abstract Purpose Standard treatment for retained products of conception (RPOC) is dilation and curettage (D&C), however, this brings a risk of intrauterine synechiae and subsequent fertility issues. A treatment strategy to avoid D&C is medical management with misoprostol. The justification for misoprostol in this setting is extrapolated from miscarriage and termination literature, however, no studies have looked specifically in the setting of RPOC. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of misoprostol as definitive management of RPOC. Materials and methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 2016 to March 2017 at an Early Pregnancy Assessment Clinic. Patients diagnosed with RPOC with clinical symptoms and ultrasound findings of endometrial mass and/or doppler flow treated expectantly, medically with vaginal misoprostol or with a suction D&C underwent a chart review. Primary outcome was resolution of RPOC without surgical intervention. Results and conclusions Of 1743 unique pregnancies, 189 women were diagnosed with RPOC. 34% (65/178) chose misoprostol for management of RPOC. Baseline demographics between the three treatment modalities (expectant, medical, surgical) were comparable. 65% (42/65) of patients who took misoprostol avoided D&C. Misoprostol is most effective (76%) in the setting of RPOC if the primary treatment for miscarriage was expectant management, with less success with primary medical management (44%) and primary surgical management (40%).


The optimization quality and efficiency of genetic algorithm highly depend on its parameters and operators, such as population size, crossover and mutation probabilities, selection, crossover and mutation operators. However, it often needs trial and error to determine suitable parameters and operators, so it is still an important open problem on GA research. Based on ordinal optimization and optimal computing budget allocation, the considered issue was regards as a stochastic optimization problem and a systematical method to determine optimal parameters and operators for GA with limited computation effort was proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed approach is able to reasonably determine optimal parameters and operators and provide suitable evaluation for GA simultaneously.


Polymer durometry is the measurement of the hardness of plastic and rubber materials using an indentor. Many different hardness scales and indentor geometries have been standardized for durometry. Indentation into a solid is governed by linear elastic mechanics, and this paper relates the Young's modulus to standardized hardness scale reading. We nondimensionalized these indentation mechanics, to uncover a normalized Young's modulus, Υ, and the dimensionless hardness, , and then, a new dimensionless indentor stiffness that we call mechanical indentability, Mi. We use Mi for classifying standardized hardness scales. Our results allow practitioners to determine the Young's modulus from measured hardness. Further, our results can be used to convert between hardness scales, not only between hardness scales of the same indentor geometry, but also between those of differing geometry.


Multireference configuration interaction calculations are carried out on 11 Λ-S low-lying electronic states of indium dimers. The states are investigated with spin-orbit pseudopotentials via the state-interacting method, and characterized by fitted spectroscopic constants based on computed potential energy curves. The vibrational structures of the double-potential well 0+g (I) ( 3 Σ g ) state are also analyzed. The experimentally observed absorption spectrum centred at ~ 13000cm-1 is simulated and assigned to X 3 Πu (v=0)-3Πg transition according to the present ab initio calculations on transition energies and dipole moment functions.


The invention discloses a separation and purification device which comprises a rack used for mounting carriers, a raw material tank, a separation tank, a vibrating screen, a circulating pipeline, a circulating bin, a delivery pipeline, a bearing tank, a crystallization pipeline and a finished product tank, wherein the raw material tank and the separation tank are located at the top of the rack; the vibrating screen is located at the upper end in the separation tank; the circulating pipeline is located on the outer wall of the separation tank; the circulating bin is located at the upper end of the outer wall of the separation tank; the delivery pipeline is located on the outer wall of the separation tank; the bearing tank is located at the top of the rack; the crystallization pipeline is located at the top end of the bearing tank; and the finished product tank is located at the upper end of the rack. According to the device, impurities in raw materials are sufficiently removed through circulating separation and gas-liquid conversion, and high-quality and high-purity raw materials are obtained.


Two degree of freedom system represented by an equivalent mass-spring-damper describing chatter in sheet rolling is investigated. The dynamic behavior of the roll and excitation test indicated that chatter phenomenon is encountered in tandem cold mill wherein the roll stack vibrate in both vertical and horizontal directions. This paper assumes a friction model of the arc contact in roll bite which depends on the horizontal vibration of roll, and explains the vertical vibration in chatter is coupled with the horizontal one and therefore, both vibrations have influence on the dynamic behavior of the rolling force. The results of these analysis show the unstable area in the coefficient of friction producing a self-excited vibration and chatter phenomenon is caused by both excessive lubrication and inadequate one in the roll bites.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: group of inventions refers to the means of medical monitoring of acute lung damage (ALI). A permanent storage medium with stored instructions executed by the electronic data processing device comprising a display, includes reception of a plurality of patient's physiological parameters, reception of information about the administration of drugs related to introduction of one or more drugs to a patient, ALI indicator value calculation based at least on the received set of physiological parameters for the patient and the received information about the medicinal fluids administration and display of representations of the ALI indicator calculated values. The patient monitoring device comprises an electronic data processing device including a display and a permanent storage medium. Patient monitoring is provided using the device. EFFECT: use of inventions allows to expand the arsenal of decision support tools in the field of patient observation and patient evaluation. 15 cl, 19 dwg


The phase transformation from the high temperature tetragonal phase to the low temperature monoclinic phase of zirconia had been long considered to be a typical athermal martensitic transformation until it was recently identified to be a fast isothermal transformation. The isothermal nature becomes more apparent when a stabilizing oxide, such as yttria, is doped, by which the transformation temperature is reduced and accordingly the transformation rate becomes low. Thus it becomes easy to experimentally establish a C-curve nature in a TTT (Time-Temperature-Transformation) diagram. The C-curve approaches that of well known isothermal transformation of Y-TZP (Yttria Doped Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystals), which typically contains 3mol% of Y_2O_3.In principle, an isothermal transformation can be suppressed by a rapid cooling so that the cooling curve avoids intersecting the C-curve in TTT diagram. Y-TZP is the case, where the stability of the metastable tetragonal phase is relatively high and thus the tetragonal phase persists even at the liquid nitrogen temperature. On the other hand, the high temperature tetragonal phase of pure zirconia can never be quenched-in at room temperature by a rapid cooling; instead it always turns into monoclinic phase at room temperature. This suggests the occurrence of an athermal transformation after escaping the isothermal transformation, provided the cooling rate was fast enough to suppress the isothermal transformation. Thus, with an intermediate yttria composition, it would be possible to obtain the tetragonal phase which is not only metastable at room temperature but athermally transforms into the monoclinic phase by subzero cooling. The objective of the present work is to show that, with a certain range of yttria content, the tetragonal phase can be quenched in at room temperature and undergoes isothermal transformation and athermal transformation depending on being heated at a moderate temperature or under-cooled below room temperature. Because both of the product phases are essentially the same monoclinic phase, both transformations are regarded as martensitic transformation, i.e. isothermal and athermal martensite. In some steels such as Fe-Mn-Ni and Fe-Ni-C, the occurrence of both isothermal and athermal martensitic transformations has been reported. However, in these cases, the isothermal transformation occurs at temperatures slightly above the Ms (Martensite start) temperatures, and thus these transformations are considered to conform the same C-curve. On the other hand, the Ms temperature of the present material is well below the C-curve, which suggests that completely different mechanisms are controlling the kinetics of these two modes of transformations. Other aspects on these transformations are also to be reported..


This paper proposes an off-line Thai character recognition system for an unconstrained writing. This system combines both global feature, that represents character shape, and local feature, that represents the symbolic structure, to solve the similarity and variety problems of Thai characters. The pixel distribution is applied, as the global feature, to classify the image into 20 groups of similar characters. The modified structure features extraction is used to extract character structure. Then, all features, global and local, are used to classify the character within each group. The proposed method yields the recognition rate at 87.32 per cents.


Cultured human BMC have been infected with a transmissible amphotrophic murine retroviral vector containing the human HPRT cDNA. Infection of the cultured cells and production of progeny vector has been determined by a colony formation assay in which culture medium from the infected cells is used to infect HPRT-deficient mouse fibroblasts. Successful marrow cell infection demonstrated by progeny virus production is indicated by formation of colonies of mouse cells resistant to hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine (HAT) selective medium. Infected bulk marrow cells have been found to produce detectable progeny HPRT virus, and the conditions of infection including such variables as multiplicity of infection, time of infection, serum conditions, polybrene concentration and others are being optimized. Successful infection of a stem cell population has been demonstrated by efficient virus production from isolated granulocyte/monocyte colony forming units (CFU-GM) growing in semisolid (agar) medium.


W RITING ON "Late American Books" in Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine for September, I825, John Neal, an American novelist and critic living in England, observes that a large amount of historical fiction had begun to be written in the United States, "every month of late, nay, almost every week" yielding "a volume or two, such as they were, of tales founded, with some regard for historical truth" on the American past. "The favourite period," he goes on to say, "would seem to be that of the Revolution," though quite enough, he believes, had already been said on that subject.1 Novels of the American Revolution were, of course, not nearly so numerous as Neal's observation implies,2 but the time was right for the appearance of this kind of fiction, and American writers were quick to seize the occasion. This was, after all, the period of intense nationalistic feeling that followed the War of I8I2, a feeling that could hardly be expected to subside as the fiftieth anniversary of the Revolution approached and memories were reawakened by the grand tour of the United States made by the Marquis de Lafayette between July, I824, and September, I825. For writers of historical fiction, the time was golden. What form that fiction should take, however, remained something of a problem, for two quite different models had already appeared. In The Spy (I82I); James Fenimore Cooper had used the historical romance, derived from the work of Sir Walter Scott, as a vehicle for presenting his theme, and Cooper had used the form in two other


The on-demand control of beams' characteristics, such as intensity profile and polarization, is of great interest for many applications, such as optical tweezers, atom guiding, material processing, microscopy and optical communications. Recently, some methods to manipulate the polarization of the field along its propagation direction have been proposed and experimentally demonstrated for simple patterns of variation in free-space. However, they lack flexibility for more complex profiles, do not readily allow for the simultaneous control of other field properties and are not suitable for absorbing media. In this work, we show how the combination of electromagnetic Frozen Waves (FWs) provides a straightforward way to arbitrarily control the polarization state and the intensity pattern of the resulting beam along its propagation in lossless or lossy media. Since this control is independent of the manipulation of other beam's characteristics, we conclude that the use of electromagnetic FWs is a powerful and versatile tool for the advanced engineering of electromagnetic fields.


ABSTRACT The benefits of cycling as a healthier and more sustainable transportation alternative to private automobile is emphasized in both literature and policy. One key policy challenge in improving cycling rates is the significant gender gap in cycling that exists across urban regions in North America. In this study, travel behavior of >10,000 students attending four universities in Toronto, Canada, was analyzed to explore gender-based differences in cycling uptake. The mode share for cycling was higher for non-commute trips (9%) when compared to commuting trips to universities (7.6%). In addition, men had higher cycling rates than women, for both commute and non-commute trips. Results from binomial logistic regression models indicate that the built environment-related correlates were different between male and female students, and between commute and non-commute trips. Access to bicycle lanes or cycle tracks was found to increase the odds of female commuter cycling. This effect, however, was moderate in the neighborhoods with higher land use mix. Further, high-speed traffic was a significant barrier to cycling among female commuters. Noticeably, our analysis did not find major gender-based differences in the coefficients relating to travel attitudes and preferences. The findings provide a Canadian comparison to the limited international research on this topic, as well as offer new insights particularly relating to cycling for non-commute trips. The results identify potential avenues for policy intervention regarding the promotion of healthy and sustainable travel behavior among post-secondary students, and more broadly, the millennial generation.


Educational environments continue to rapidly evolve to address the needs of diverse, growing student populations, while embracing advances in pedagogy and technology. In this changing landscape ensuring the consistency among the assessments for different offerings of a course (within or across terms), providing meaningful feedback about students' achievements, and tracking students' progression over time are all challenging tasks, particularly at scale. Here, a collection of visual Topic Dependency Models (TDMs) is proposed to help address these challenges. It visualises the required topics and their dependencies at a course level (e.g., CS 100) and assessment achievement data at the classroom level (e.g., students in CS 100 Term 1 2016 Section 001) both at one point in time (static) and over time (dynamic). The collection of TDMs share a common, two-weighted graph foundation. An algorithm is presented to create a TDM (static achievement for a cohort). An open-source, proof of concept implementation of the TDMs is under development; the current version is described briefly in terms of its support for visualising existing (historical, test) and synthetic data generated on demand.


OBJECTIVE
To study the brine shrimp lethal activities of the roots and stems from Derris trifoliata.

METHODS
The biological activity of the athyl acetate extract was tested by the 2nd-instar of Artemia franciscana by the method of Silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, Semipreparative HPLC, and their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis.

RESULTS
Eleven compounds were isolated from the athyl acetate extract, and LD50 s of 12a-hydroxyrotenone, tephrosin, rotenone and deguelin were 0.365, 0.236, 0.060 and 0.734 microg/mL, respectively.

CONCLUSION
The results of bioassay show that 12a-hydroxyrotenone, tephrosin,rotenone and deguelin have strong brine shrimp lethal activity.


The paper presents a calculation code to estimate admissible wall thickness of NPP pipelines made of carbon steel to evaluate residual service life under flow(cid:11)accelerated corrosion. The code is in full compliance with the industry(cid:11)specific Regulatory Document RD EO 184.108.40.206.0571(cid:11)2010. The key principles of development are reliability and conservatism of the code calculation, reliance on nuclear industry rules and regulations, estimation of the piping component characteristic size and analysis of working stresses. A data base on physical and chemical properties of metals was developed for algorithm realization. This makes it possible to calculate admissible thickness of different types of component sizes under real operating conditions. The data base includes all steel grades used in the nuclear industry and their physical and chemical properties. In addition, the possibility of increasing the metal nomenclature is realized. So far, calculation procedures have been realized for straight parts, bends and weld(cid:11)adjacent zones. The results obtained are in full compliance with the Regulatory Document RD EO 18.104.22.168.0571(cid:11)2010. The calculation code was tested on more than fifty components. Good agreement of the calculated parameters with the values in the Regulatory Document RD EO 126.96.36.199.0571(cid:11) 2010 has been achieved (error of less than 3%). The main advantage of the code presented is the possibility to perform calculations for any element size under any admissible conditions in accordance with the operating rules and regulations.


The paper presents the results of research on milestones (significant events, critical points, crystallizing experiments) in the course of life of outstanding mathematicians and mathematically talented adolescents. The work covers the period of approximately last 80 years. Four distinct group of mathematicians had received their education and pursed their scientific careers at that time: late, distinguished professors of mathematics, distinguished professors of mathematics who are still alive, PhD students and doctors of mathematical faculties, laureates of mathematical olympiads.
The author's intention was to indicate milestones – key events and moments in their history determined by the author (or those indicated by the interested) to reach the highest position and recognition in the field of mathematics. Those are, for example, important experiences in a person's life that played a huge role in choosing mathematics as a direction for further development or reasserted that mathematics is the right choice. The considerations were based on a holistic, humanistic approach and a biographical approach from the perspective of Charlotte Bühler The course of human life. The techniques that have been used include document analysis and narrative interviews. According to the recommendations of Buhler's results were presented graphically on the timelines.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Economic Literacy, Financial Literacy, on Financial Intelligence of Students in Entrepreneurship Campus Memorizing the Qur'an (KEPQ).
Design/methodology/approach: The method in this research uses a quantitative approach with types the research used was ex post facto.
Findings: The research was carried out in campus Entrepreneur Memor Al-Qur'an (KEPQ) Surabaya.
Research limitations/implications: The limitation in the study uses two independent variables and one variable related to the Economic Literacy variable, the Financial Literacy variable, and the Student Financial Intelligence variable.
Practical implications: The population numbered 120 people and the study sample was 93 people who were determined by the proportional random sampling technique.
Originality/value: This research conducted in Entrepreneurship Campus Memorizing the Qur'an (KEPQ)
Paper type: Research paper


We describe a nanoscale selective area epitaxy process for uniform patterned quantum dot growth and present laser device results for both conventional quantum dot lasers and a novel inverted quantum dot (nanopore) laser structure.


A hyperbolicre ection group isadiscretegroup generated byre ections in the faces ofa hyperbolic polyhedron P H . W e m ay assum e that the dihedralangles of P are of the form =n, n 2, in which case P form s a fundam entaldom ain for the action of on H . IfP has nite volum e,then H = = O isa hyperbolic orbifold of nite volum e,which is obtained by \m irroring" the faces ofP . A re ection group is m axim al ifthere isno re ection group 0 such that < . W e deferthe de nition of arithm etic groups untillater, but a theorem of M argulis im plies that is arithm etic if and only if [Com m ( ) : ] = 1 , where Com m ( ) = fg 2 Isom (H )j[ : g 1 g \ ] < 1 g [23]. The m ain theorem of this paper is that up to conjugacy in Isom (H ) there are only nitely m any arithm etic groups which are m axim alhyperbolic re ection groups. Ifone doesnotassum ethatthegroupsarem axim al,then thereisnocorresponding nitenessresult.Forexam ple,using a m ethod of[33]onecan seethatthere areallrightanglere ection groupswhich then contain in nitely m any nite index re ection subgroups,by a sequence ofdoublings along faces. These exam ples are known up to dim ension 8,but recently exam ples ofin nite fam iliesofarithm etic re ection groupsup to dim ension 19 have been given by Allcock [2]. Finitenessresultsofthissortwereproven beforeby Nikulin [24,25,26]for dim ension n 10.Subsequently Vinberg showed thatthereareno uniform (i.e.cocom pact)re ection groupsin dim ension n 30 [40].O urresultsare independentoftheirwork,in thesensethatweobtain a nitenessresultin each dim ension and then appealto the resultofProkhorov that re ection groupsdo notexistin high enough dim ensions[30]. The argum entofthis


The uncoupled equation of motion for the flexural displacement of an orthotropic composite circular plate having symmetric lamination is presented. A numerical method is employed to calculate the symmetric and nonsymmetric vibrational frequencies of full and annular composite plates subjected to a variety of boundary conditions. Effects produced by lamination interchange and fiber reversal are discussed; in particular, certain laminations are capable of producing a higher fundamental frequency than either of the constituent materials alone can attain. For annular plates it is found that for certain lay‐ups the fundamental frequency derives from a nonsymmetric mode. Finally, pinhole‐center annuli are examined and, for a free inner edge, a comparison is made with corresponding full‐plate frequencies.


Contributes to a growing body of service recovery knowledge by examining the impact of service recovery as a relationship tool, in addition to its well‐accepted role as a means to enhance customer satisfaction at the transaction‐specific level. Begins by providing an overview of the evolving concept of service recovery and continues by explaining the important and unique role that recovery plays in the service sector. A comparison of the concept of service consistency and reliability with the concept of service recovery leads to a statement of hypotheses tested in an experimental setting. Specifically, results indicate that while service recovery results in encounter satisfaction, service recovery does not significantly influence overall satisfaction, quality, image and future expectations. Rather, consistency of service influences these constructs.


Objective: Nowadays studies have focused on stem cell biology and it is hoped that the results of this research have an important role in the treatment of many diseases are incurable. Adult stem cells can be derived from many adult tissue sources. In this study we used Bulge region of mouse hair follicle because, it is containing a high proliferative potential and easy accessibility sources of stem cells, to investigate neural differentiatoin of this cells . Different methods was used to induction of neural differentiation on Stem cells. In this study we conducted to isolate and culture of the bulge cells from mouse hair follicules and treatment with retinoic acid to determine its effects on neural differentiation and proliferation of bulge stem cells. Material and Methodes : The bulge region of mouse whiskers was isolated and cultured in DMEM/F12 supplemented with EGF, Choleratoxin and FGF-2 . Cytotoxic effects of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) were evaluated using 3-(4, 5Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). In the present study, characterization of neural and glial cells derived from HFSCs was performed by means of phase-contrast microscope and RT-PCR analysis. Results: Our results showed that undifferentiated HFSCs expressed nestin and CD34 stemness genes, the neural like cells derived from HFSCs expressed MAP2, also in RA treated cells, GFAP did not expressed. In addition, RA (1μM) was promoted neurogenesis, that instead increasing RA concentration showed pronounced cell death. we studied the expression of Bcl2 and Bax in this cells to investigate the effect of Retinoic acid on proliferation and Apoptosis. Our results showed that Retinoic acid can improve proliferation in comparison with Apoptosis in this stem cells. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that nestin and CD34 expressing cells in the bulge of the hair follicle have stem cell-like properties and can effectively generate cells of neural lineage in the presence of RA(1μM). These data should be an important tool for the treatment of a variety of neurodegenerative diseases.


The Los Angeles Basin is a well known oil province, having produced 44.61 per cent of the total cumulative production of oil in California to January 1, 1950. This paper is concerned with the future possibilities for petroleum in the basin. Pre-upper Miocene paleophysiographic relationships and the possibilities for oil or gas in formations older than the Puente-Modelo are discussed. The potentialities of the San Gabriel Valley are mentioned. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2386------------


Introduction Various image techniques are available to monitor tumor angiogenesis including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which allows investigating angiogenesis-related parameters such as tumor blood volume (TBV) and blood flow (TBF), the average vessel diameter in a voxel (vessel size index, VSI) and vascular permeability noninvasively in vivo. As tumor tissue is highly heterogeneous comprising areas with different degree of vascularization, analysis procedure such as pattern analysis, which accounts for shape and texture of the structures to be analyzed is promising. Shape analysis is related to the geometry of the object (tumour) and allows the extraction of shape descriptors as volume, surface area and compactness. The texture analysis is related to the contents of the object and in particular to its texture by means of a set of estimators comprising fractal dimension (FD) and lacunarity (L). While FD allows the quantification of the vessel structure across the scales, L quantitatively assesses the three-dimensional size (mass) and distribution of local structures, e.g. non-perfused areas, in the tumor [1,2]. In this study we applied principles of pattern analysis to quantitatively assess angiogenesis/vascularity in a murine subcutaneous tumor model. Material and Methods Ten balb/c nude mice were injected subcutaneously with 10 C51 cells (colon carcinoma). A first group (N=5) was treated with dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), a compound that has been reported to stabilize the vessel network. A second group (N=5) was treated with NaCl. MR experiments assessing TBV, TBF, VSI and permeability were performed before and after 6 days of treatment. Data were analyzed with the standard method based on histogram analysis, and subsequently with pattern analysis technique by a homemade C++ code. The 3D shape estimators (volume, surface area and compactness) and the texture descriptors (fractal analysis and lacunarity) were evaluated over the MRI readouts. Fractal dimension was computed by means of a Box Counting algorithm [3] according to eq.1, where N(R) is the number of boxes needed to cover the image and r is the dimension of the box. Lacunarity was computed by Box Gliding algorithm [4] according to eq.2 where r is the dimension of the box, M is the mass inside the box and Q(M,r) the mass distribution probability function. L is defined as the ratio between the 2 moment over the square of the 1 moment of the distribution Q(M,r), Results Fig.1 shows quantitative TBV maps of C51 tumor bearing mice treated with wither DMOG or vehicle (saline). No significant differences were found between treated and non treated animals regarding TBV, VSI or permeability readouts averaged over the whole tumor volume as illustrated in Fig.2 for TBV. In contrast pattern analysis showed significant differences (p<5%) in the spatial distribution of TBV (fractal dimension) and of non-perfused regions (lacunarity) at day 12 (Fig.3,4). As expected, these differences are not present prior to treatment (day 6). Conclusion In view of the heterogeneity of tumors, standard analysis relying on values averaged of the whole tumor volume is insensitive in picking up differences among treatment groups. Pattern analysis, on the other hand, is particularly sensitive to changes in tissue texture (fractal dimension and lacunarity) and thus suitable to quantify the parameters related to angiogenesis and vascularity otherwise difficult to estimate.