Zimbabwe suffers from power outages due to reduced electricity generation from the two main energy sources coal- and hydropower. Even though the electricity supply to the hospital are highly prioritized during these blackouts, the electricity is not enough to power them all. The country has faced problems with lack of fossil fuel availability and high fuel prices. This report focuses on Rusape General Hospital in the Makoni district which is grid-connected and has diesel generators as a backup system. The aim of this project was to perform a feasibility study and examine how a sustainable energy system at the hospital would look like to reduce the power outages. A system which would be driven by solar power and uses batteries as a backup system was investigated. It was a comparison between the current system and two potential future systems with renewable energy. One of the most critical areas is the maternity ward including an operating room, which is highly prioritized among the departments at the hospital. The project examined how the energy system would look like whether the energy production covered the entire hospital or only the maternity ward. The information needed for the project was collected during a study visit of eight weeks at the hospital through interviews and a questionnaire formula. This was in a collaboration with Family Action for Community Empowerment in Zimbabwe and Engineers Without Borders. To analyse the different systems a software called HOMER Pro was used for the simulations. It gives the most cost-efficient energy production for a given system. Through simulations, the most cost-efficient solution for the entire hospital was a system with photovoltaic (PV) panels, Lithium-Ion batteries and the existing diesel generators, called System 1 in this paper. It resulted in an energy production of 131 112 kWh annually from the PV panels alone and required an installed capacity of 81.1 kW. The suggested system for the maternity ward is called System 2, with PV panels and Lithium-Ion batteries. The energy production from PV panels was in this case 7102 kWh annually and corresponded to an installed capacity of 4.43 kW. The challenges for these two suggested systems would be the lack of installers in the country, how the global warming will affect the temperature sensitive components in the future, the high investment costs and the variations of the electric load at the hospital.


The production of an acid glycoprotein at fertilization was confirmed to occur in the egg of Arbacia punctulata. Chemical analyses of such "fertilization product" and jelly coat substances were carried out. These substances are both glycoproteins containing hexose, hexosamine, sulfate, inorganic cations and 17 amino acids. However, the differences in the respective amounts of their constituents show that the fertilization product, which is believed to be the perivitelline space material, is a different substance from jelly. The release of this substance is detected as the formation of "fertilization acid." The results of the analyses also suggest that the membrane-hardening substance is a protein or protein-rich substance.


the result is a fascinating contribution to Olympic history. To continue with a Pierre de Coubertin theme, we decided to publish an article by John Lucas on the burial ceremony of Pierre de Coubertin's heart in Olympia. We found some good photographs to go with this article. Outside the Netherlands nothing was ever known about rumours that were published in that country after the return of the famous Dutch swimmer "Zus" Braun from the Games of the Xth Olympiad in Los Angeles in 1932. "Zus" Philipsen-Braun (she was married to Mr. Philipsen) claimed that she had been subjected to a deliberate injury during the Games, in order to eliminate her from the backstroke final. You can read all about this in an article written by Ruud Paauw, who researched the contemporary newspapers, and much later personally interviewed Mrs Philipsen-Braun about the episode.. We hope you will all enjoy this issue. ithin the Editorial Team, we have had a few changes. The composition of the editorial team returned to the situation as it was in the year 2000. The post of editor again passed into the hands of Tony Bijkerk. Fortunately Steve Harris, who relinquishes that post, will remain a member of the team. He continues as an associate editor, as he did before and at the same time Anthony Edgar also rejoined the editorial team as an associate editor. We believe we have an exciting issue of the Journal coming up at the end of this year. In early May the editorial team began discussions on how to celebrate the ten-year anniversary of the International Society of Olympic Historians. The decision was taken, with the blessing of the executive committee, to publish a large commemorative issue of the Journal of Olympic History on December 5, 2001. This issue will replace the one normally published in January 2002, and we believe it will be a landmark publication. The current issue also contains some very good articles. Karl Lennartz, in his ever continuing research for historical documents, found a significant letter from Pierre de Coubertin, in which he, Coubertin, made rather scathing comments on a publication in the Official Report of the IXth Olympiad Amsterdam 1928, edited by the British Olympic Association. Lennartz has compared the text in this report with Coubertin's letter-and


Nuclear pumped lasing on the neutral carbon line at 1.45p has been achieved in mixtures of He-CO, He-N2~CO, He-C02, and Ne-CO and Ne-C02A minimum thermal neutron flux of ZxlO^n/cm^-sec was sufficient for oscillation in the helium mixtures. The peak of the laser output was delayed up to 5.5 ms relative to the neutron pulse in He-C02, He-N2~CO, Ne-CO and Ne-C02 mixtures while no delay was observed in He-CO mixtures. Lasing was obtained with helium pressures from 20 to 800 T, Ne pressures from 100 to 200 T, CO from 0.25 to 20 mT, N2 from 0.5 to 5 mT, and C02 from 0.1 to 25 mT in the respective mixtures. INTRODUCTION Nuclear pumped lasing on the neutral carbon transition, C(3p P^) COs?^), at 1.45y has been observed in mixtures of He-CO, He-N2-CO, He-C02, Ne-CO and Ne-C02« (ref. 1,2) Lasing on this transition was first reported by Patel (ref. 3) in an electric discharge. However, the present work represents the first time it has been achieved by nuclear pumping and places this mixture among less than a dozen in this category. This laser is especially interesting for possible space applications due to the relatively low neutron flux (~2xlO-^n/cm2-sec) required and the apparent presence of internal energy storage as signified by millisecond time delays between the neutron input and laser output. EXPERIMENTAL ARRANGEMENT The laser cavity consisted of an 86-cm long pyrex tube with ends cut at Brewster's angle, and enclosing a 68-cm long by 2.5-cm-i.d. aluminum cylinder coated on the inner surface with boron-10. MeV alpha-particles released from this coating via neutron-induced reactions in the boron provided the pump energy. Ultimately, however, a bulk of the excitation produced arises from secondary collisional processes rather than direct alpha-gas atom collisions. Two dielectric mirrors having 99.9% reflectivity at 1.45y and a 3-m radius of curvature were separated by 117 cm to form the optical cavity. The laser cell was placed in the thruport of the University of Illinois TRIGA reactor. Being approximately tangent to the core, this beam port allows high fluxes (up to -lO-^n/cm^-sec) over a 1-meter long region. A small chopping fan powered with an electric motor was mounted so as to provide alternate blocking and unblocking of the back mirror. In this way the cavity could be spoiled several times during a reactor pulse to provide a test of lasing. A vacuum line attached to the laser cell and an ion gauge mounted at the vacuum — gas filling station provided a means to control gas concentrations and monitor background pressures (typically < 10~6 Torr). * Graduate Research Assistant. TChairperson, Nuclear Engineering Department. 411 412 PRELASETAL. REACTOR EXPERIMENTAL SETUP


The Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) will work with international doctors' organisations to address issues relating to its entrance exam.

The college said that it would work with the British Association of Physicians of Indian Origin (BAPIO) and the British International Doctors Association (BIDA) to support candidates. BAPIO had previously brought a legal challenge against the RCGP and the General Medical Council over the examination for membership of the RCGP (MRCGP).

In April a High Court judge ruled that the …


We welcome the comments by Fowler (1983) on our recent paper (Wheldon et al, 1982), and in particular his agreement on the need to distinguish clearly between the dose-response curves for gross injury and/or impairment of tissue function and those for reproductive survival of clonogenic cells. Fowler points out that "There must be some relationship between them but it is not necessarily independent of radiation dose". In our recent model of the radiation responses of slowly proliferating normal tissues ("Type F" tissues, Wheldon et al, 1982) this relationship is indeed shown to be dose-dependent and leads to a systematic difference in shape between the two dose-response curves.


Objective To evaluate the impact of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS) on human cerebral metabolism by using magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS).Materials and methods Twenty-one severe OSAS patients,14 mild-moderate OSAS patients,and 15 healthy control subjects were included.All subjects underwent MRS using the point-resolved echo spin spectroscopy(PRESS).Proton volumes of interest were placed in the bilateral frontal lobes and left temporal-parietal-occipital cortex,and left hippocampus.Results 1.Compared to the controls,the NAA/Cr ratio was significantly decreased in the left frontal lobe in the severe OSAS group(P=0.004),and in the right frontal lobe in the severe(P=0.002)and mild-moderate(P=0.007) OSAS patients.The NAA/Cr ratio trended to be decreased in the left hippocampus in the OSAS patients compared to controls.2.A significant increase in the mI/Cr ratio was detetcted in the right frontal regions in the severe(P=0.008) and mild-moderate(P0.001) OSAS groups.3.Glx/Cr ratio values were significantly smaller than controls in the left(P=0.006) and right(P=0.027) frontal regions.Conclusion Bilatoral frontal lobes are the vulnerable location in patients with OSAS.MRS can be used to screen the brain metabolic impairment.


Abstract.  Mark–release–recapture is used to quantify displacement by adults of the North American grape berry moth, Endopiza viteana Clemens (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) under field conditions. Moths marked with fluorescent dust are released eight times in the centre of a vineyard over 2 years, and recaptured using pheromone traps and interception traps. In vineyards, male moths are recaptured an average of 13.8 ± 0.8 m from the release site (maximum 58.2 m), whereas female displacement is similar with average flight distances of 11.4 ± 6.7 m (maximum 41.2 m). Increasing wind speed during moth flight activity periods suppresses displacement by both sexes, and females are less likely than males to fly in winds above 0.6 m s−1. The majority of males are recaptured upwind from the release site or at a tangent to the overall mean wind direction when responding to pheromone traps, whereas female moths trapped in interception traps exhibit a large variability in direction from the release point. Releases of marked moths in woods adjacent to a vineyard demonstrates interhabitat movement by E. viteana males and by a single female. The average maximum displacement by males during interhabitat movement is 105.4 ± 3.9 m, significantly greater than the average maximum of 39.7 ± 6.7 m inside the vineyard habitat.


Objective:To investigate the preventive actions of rice flavone on immunological injury hepatic fibrosis and related mechanisms.Methods:Liver fibrosis modle was induced by IP bovine serum,and treated with interferon-γand rice flavone respectively.Serum ALT,AST,A?G,HA and liver Hyp,MDA,SOD,GSH-PX were measured.Results:Rice flavone and interferon-γcould obviously improve liver functions,relevant index on hepatic fibrosis and the level of MDA,SOD,GSH-PX.Conclusions:The results showed that rice flavone had good effects on anti-hepatic fibrosis as interferon-γ.


In this article the possibilities of liquid biofuel injection control in two-stroke engines are presented. This is a low cost in-cylinder fuel injection system for stratified charge engines which is much simpler than alternatives. The author worked out a system of pneumatic fuel injection by means of hot exhaust gases (according to conception Prof. St. Jarnuszkiewicz) drawn from one cylinder during the working stroke and, following the addition of fuel, forced into another cylinder during the compression stage. Spraying and injection of fuel by means of hot exhaust gases give additional possibilities of complete evaporation of light fuels, alternative fuels with extended fraction and heavier fuels, such as diesel oil, kerosene and vegetable oil. In the combustion system presented the process of preparing liquid hydrocarbon fuel for combustion is one of the main factors influencing the efficiency of the conversion of chemical energy contained in the fuel to mechanical energy. The most significant is the fuel phase transition, and especially a repeatability of the fuel dose per cycle. This process is inseparably associated with the physical properties of fuel, and changes of rate of pressure in gas duct. In practice, a two-stroke internal combustion engine with spark ignition and pneumatic injection accomplished by means of exhaust gases successfully uses liquid fuels with very different fractional and group composition, which may be very beneficial from the viewpoint of practical realization of utilization processes. The results of tests shown it is possible to reach a high repeatability of the fuel dose per cycle and maintaining uniform fuel doses for each cylinder.


CDIO is a new model of training talents in the higher education,to cultivate international engineer for the target.This paper introduces the current education problems and CDIO talent training ideas,combined with the Yanshan University and other colleges and universities and the practice of CDIO teaching reform,and puts forward a series of measures based on the teaching reform of engineering graphics CDIO.Experiments show that,the teaching mode for the inspiration and cultivation of college students' practical ability and creativity are very effective,for the follow-up professional courses,graduation design and research work to lay a good foundation.In this paper,based on the CDIO model as the main line of engineering graphics teaching mode,this mode will be "Excellence Engineer education program" runs through the whole process of teaching engineering graphics,the excellent engineer education organic integration plan with the traditional drawing teaching content.In graphics teaching introduction of case teaching method and project teaching idea,the teaching process and engineering application contact,is an inevitable trend to promote further reform of engineering graphics course.


With the development of wed 2.0 technology, Social tagging system, also known as mass classification system, has become one of the most important means to network users. This paper proposed a research framework to the users' social tagging behavior and some characteristics were shown about the results of social tagging and the distribution of labels. At present, the investigation of its formation mechanism is not deep enough. Therefore, this paper starts with the analysis of the social tagging behavior, and analyzes the formation mechanism of mass classification based on the Label popularity. In the paper, a social tagging model is tested and analyzed by actual datum. It is proved that the model is applicable and reasonable. And then analyzes the general rules of Mass classification generated.


Abstract This report summarises the aims and methods of the Fezzan Project, a new interdisciplinary investigation of human settlement in the Saharan environment of southern Libya. The work follows up earlier British work by Charles Daniels on the Garamantes and focuses on the Wadi el-Agial in the vicinity of Germa (ancient Garama). The time frame of the project is the last 12,000 years. A variety of methodologies has been employed, including topographic survey, standing building recording, excavation, field walking, palaeobotanical and faunal sampling, geophysics and human bone analysis.


The Chinese drug is an important part of TCM. For a long period, it has greatly offered to Chinese nation. Recently, appreciating the traditional medicine again is the whole world's trend. How to accommodate new position and progress to modernization of the Chinese drug is merited by our thought. There are five reasons of condition development to the Chinese drug: (1)The teaching thought of development to the Chinese drug are difference. (2)The education and curriculum system of the Chinese drug need to reform. (3)Applied study is more emphasised. However, basic study is ignored. (4)The production, industry and commerce of the Chinese drug are no upgrowth. (5)The outcomes of important technical study are few. In future, our attempt is as follows: (1)We need to liberate thought, consolidate cognition and insist feature of TCM. (2)We need to educate crowd of high level of TCM, improve constitution of TCM's trade. (3)We need to appreciate basic studies. (4)We need to spcificate and develop production, industry and commerce of the Chinese drug. (5)We need to improve science level and increase power of science study of the Chinese drug.


The transgenic medaka rankl: HSE:CFP was generated to model human osteoporosis, a bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass, deteriorated bone structure, and high risk of bone fragility. The fish expresses the transgene rankl encoding for the osteoclast-stimulating factor Rankl under the control of a heat-inducible promotor so it could exhibit damaged mineralized bone structures or an osteoporosis-like phenotype upon a heatshock. In the previous study, the original transgenic fish carrying multiple insertions of the transgene were segregated into genetically homogeneous lines, each had one insertion of the transgene, including the line named c1c6 that was heterozygous for the transgene. However, for the studies to screen for substances of anti-osteoporosis potential, homozygous fish is very important to provide large numbers of heterozygous embryos. In this study, we testcrossed 12 fish of the F5 generation, which were offspring obtained from inbreeding of heterozygous F4 siblings, with wild type fish and found 3 female and 3 male F5 fish homozygous for the transgene. These F5 individuals were inbred to generate homozygous fish of F6 and F7 generations. Osteoporosis-like phenotype and levels of bone damage of these homozygous fish larvae were analyzed and compared with those of heterozygous larvae. Results showed that homozygous c1c6 Rankl fish had stable osteoporosis-like phenotype but a lower level of bone mineralized damage (70,6% for F6 and 65,8% for F7) than heterozygous fish (88,4% for F6 and 81,1% for F7). These homozygous fish are essential for further studies to screen for anti-osteoporosis substances.


Atomistic theoretical descriptions of thermal chemical recations in complex environments are well achieved by combined quantum and molecular mechanical (QM/MM) methods. The goal of this work is to extend such techniques to enable the description of photochemical reactions and to carry out case studies subsequently. In order to tackle the enormous computational demand due to the involvement of excited electronic states, we (i) largely speed up the individually selecting multi-refernce configuration interaction (IS/MRCI) scheme by Tavan and Schulten (1980) by a new grahical algorithm and (ii) take use of recently developed semimempirical valence shell models (Thiel 1997) which are well suited for excited electronic states.
The efficiency and accuracy of the resulting IS/MRCI-algorithm is demonstrated by its application to the first electronic excited states of butadiene. The new QM/MM method is used to calculate absorption energies along a molecular dynamics trajectory of a small Schiff base in isotonic solution.


A new technique called Ultrasound Tagging of Light (UTL) for imaging breast tissue is described. In this approach, photon localization in turbid tissue is achieved by cross- modulating a laser beam with focussed, pulsed ultrasound. Light which passes through the ultrasound focal spot is `tagged' with the frequency of the ultrasound pulse. The experimental system uses an Argon-Ion laser, a single PIN photodetector, and a 1 MHz fixed-focus pulsed ultrasound transducer. The utility of UTL as a photon localization technique in scattering media is examined using tissue phantoms consisting of gelatin and intralipid. In a separate study, in vivo optical reflectance spectrophotometry was performed on human breast tumors implanted intramuscularly and subcutaneously in nineteen nude mice. The validity of applying a quadruple wavelength breast cancer discrimination metric (developed using breast biopsy specimens) to the in vivo condition was tested. A scatter diagram for the in vivo model tumors based on this metric is presented using as the `normal' controls the hands and fingers of volunteers. Tumors at different growth stages were studied; these tumors ranged in size from a few millimeters to two centimeters. It is expected that when coupled with a suitable photon localization technique like UTL, spectral discrimination methods like this one will prove useful in the detection of breast cancer by non-ionizing means.


We describe a three-dimensional geometry that exhibits a repulsive Casimir force using ordinary metallic materials, as computed via an exact numerical method (no uncontrolled approximations). The geometry consists of a zippelike, glide-symmetric structure formed of interleaved metal brackets attached to parallel plates. Depending on the separation, the perpendicular force between the plates/brackets varies from attractive (large separations) to repulsive (intermediate distances) and back to attractive (close separations), with one point of stable equilibrium in the perpendicular direction. This geometry was motivated by a simple intuition of attractive interactions between surfaces, and so we also consider how a rough proximity force approximation of pairwise attractions compares to the exact calculations.


CC Double Bonds with Extreme Reactivity, III. Reactions of 9-(9-Fluorenylidene)xanthene

According to equations (1) to (4), 9-(9-fluorenylidene)xanthene (2) reacts with sulfur, malonodinitrile, aniline, or thiophenol to give the compounds 3, 5, 7–11, and diphenyl disulfide.


Percutaneous abscess drainage is a widely accepted method of treatment of an accessible abscess. Consistently, poor results have been reported by various authors due to presence of infected hematomas or presence of thick, viscous and purulent material. Several studies have proven the potential benefit of fibrinolytic therapy for treating abscess especially those with thick purulent material, old blood or loculations. The present report highlights the efficacy of fibrinolytic therapy in loculated abscess.

Keywords: Cold abscess; Fibrinolytic agent; TB.


A traditional oriental medicine with atopic dermatitis improving capability is provided to show no toxicity on keratinocyte and strong antioxidative capability, do not have any succession of microorganism even for a long time storage so that the addition of an antiseptic for a cosmetic which is able to induce skin irritation when used for a long period of time is not needed and be effective for treating atopic dermatitis. A method for preparing a traditional oriental medicine with atopic dermatitis improving capability comprises the steps of: (a) mixing 4-6 parts by weight of Rehmannia glutinosa root, 4-6 parts by weight of Schizonepeta tenuifolia, 1-3 parts by weight of Panax notoginseng, 1-3 parts by weight of Polygonum fagopyrum seed, 1-3 parts by weight of Glycine soja seed, 4-6 parts by weight of Acanthopanax senticosus root, 5-7 parts by weight of Ulmus davidiana root, 3-5 parts by weight of Smilax glabra root, 4-6 parts by weight of Ginkgo biloba leaf, 4-6 parts by weight of Prunus armeniaca kernel, 4-6 parts by weight of Camellia sinensis leaf, 3-5 parts by weight of Sanguisorba officinalis root, 3-5 parts by weight of Phellodendron amurense bark, 4-6 parts by weight of Prunus mune fruit, 4-6 parts by weight of Zanthoxylum piperitum peel, 5-7 parts by weight of Pinus densiflora bark, 3-5 parts by weight of Portulaca oleracea, 3-5 parts by weight of Magnolia obovata bark, 5-7 parts by weight of Polygonum cuspidatum root, 1-3 parts by weight of Sophora angustifola root, 5-7 parts by weight of Ganoderma lucidum stem, 1-3 parts by weight of Carthamus tinctorius flower, 3-5 parts by weight of Bletilla striata root and 1-3 parts by weight of Rice(Oryza sativa) bran and extracting the mixture with hot water; and (b) cooling vapor generated by heating the hot water extract to obtain a distilled solution. The method further comprises a step of mixing 70-90 parts by weight of the traditional oriental composition prepared by the step(b) with 10-30 parts by weight of the hot water extract obtained from the step(a).


Introduction Post-operative clinical outcomes of TKA are dependent on a multitude of surgical and patient-specific factors. Malrotation of the femoral and/or tibial component is associated with pain, accelerated wear of the tibial insert, joint instability, and unfavorable patellar tracking and dislocation. Using the transepicondylar axis to guide implantation of the femoral component is considered to be an accurate anatomical reference and is widely used. However, no gold standard currently exists with respect to ensuring optimal rotation of the tibial tray. Literature has suggested that implantation methods, which reference the tibial tubercle, reduce positioning outliers with more consistency than other anatomical landmarks. Therefore, the purpose of this evaluation is to use data collected from intraoperative sensors to assess the true rotational accuracy of using the mid-medial third of the tibial tubercle in 98 TKAs. Methods The data for this evaluation was retrieved from 98 consecutive patients who underwent primary TKA from the same highly experienced surgeon. Femoral component rotation was verified in every case via the use of the Whiteside line, referencing the transepicondylar axis, and confirming appropriate patellar tracking. Tibial tray rotation was initially established by location of the mid-medial third of the tibial tubercle. Rotational adjustments of the tibial tray were evaluated in real-time, as the surgeon corrected any tibiofemoral incongruency and tray malpositioning. The initial and final angles of tibial tray rotation were captured with intraoperative video feed, and recorded. A z-test of differences between pre- and post-rotational correction was performed to assess the statistical significance of malrotation present in this cohort. Results All patients in this study received a primary TKA, using the mid-medial third of the tibial tubercle to dictate tibial tray rotation. After the sensor-equipped tibial insert was implanted, it was shown that 63.1% of patients exhibited unfavorable rotation. Of those patients, 70% were shown to have internal rotation; 30% were shown to have external rotation. The average malrotation of the tibial tray deviated from a neutral position by 6.3° ± 4.3°, ranging from 0.5° to 19.2°. The z-test of differences yielded a p-value Discussion Malrotation in TKA isassociated with poor clinical outcomes. While no gold standard anatomic landmark currently exists for positioning the tibial tray, the mid-medial third of the tibial tubercle is widely used as a reference. However, the data from this evaluation demonstrates that, not only is this landmark insufficient for establishing optimal rotation (p


Tensile plate specimens with dimension of 450×100×40mm were cast with 3D glass fabric having three different thicknesses 6, 10 and 15mm to measure their tensile strength. Plates with one and two layers of chicken wires, as well as micro steel fiber of 0.75% volume fraction were tested under tensile for comparison with references plates. Cement mortar with 61.2MPa cube compressive strength at 28 days was designed for casing the plates. The results indicated that after cracking of the mortar the textile reinforcement adds a strain hardening trajectory, that cause failure to occurs at slightly higher load and a higher strain. The improvement in tensile strength at 28 days ranged between 5 to 30%, and for 90 days between 5 to 60% for the three types of fibres used. Based on the results a significant increase was indicated with micro steel fiber.


Three species of marine algae are reported from the Bermuda islands for the first time, Avrainvillea sylvearleae D. S. Littler et Littler, Discosporangium mesarthrocarpum (Menegh.) Hauck, and Peyssonnelia valentinii Yonesh. et Boudour. The presence of Avrainvillea sylvearleae in Bermuda prompted a taxonomic reinvestigation of North Carolina specimens attributed recently to that taxon, and we find them better placed in A. longicaulis f. laxa D. S. Littler et Littler. The report of the eastern Atlantic/Mediterranean Discosporangium mesarthrocarpum is the first from the western Atlantic Ocean and joins only 12 other amphi‐Atlantic species with strictly warm‐temperate zone distributions. Peyssonnelia valentinii is discovered for the first time outside of Brazil.


A B ST R A C T This research studies the surface modification of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabric that was induced by DC plasma discharge for nanosiliver treatments. At first, DC plasma discharge was employed systematically as a function of plasma device parameters under different operating conditions including different time, different current and different hydrostatic pressure employing chemically inert argon or nitrogen as a working gas. The optimization of the best of these parameters were performed by the measurements and evaluation of mechanical properties, air permeability and water absorbency, Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) and the surface morphological changes of pretreated polyester fabrics were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) photographic analysis , Then the pretreated PET fabric with plasma by the best conditions are subjected to nanosilver treatment by two different silver concentrations .The antibacterial activity of plasma treated and /or nanosilver treated PET against gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aurous) and gram negative bacteria(Escherichia coli) were examined. The results obtained showed that both the hydrophilicity and antibacterial behaviours against gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aurous) and gram negative bacteria(Escherichia coli) were highly improved by the treatment of fabric by either individual or combined DC cold plasma or nanosilver treatments.


Abstract We investigated the relationship between hemodynamic changes in the cortex measured by near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and the polysomnographic changes during sleep. Four healthy male volunteers participated in the study. Near‐infrared spectroscopy measuring and polysomnographic recordings were done simultaneously during sleep. In many case, oxy‐hemoglobin (oxy‐Hb) decreased and deoxy‐hemoglobin (deoxy‐Hb) increased during the transition from wakefulness to sleep, and oxy‐Hb increased toward deep sleep. Oxy‐Hb and deoxy‐Hb had larger fluctuations during REM sleep than those during non‐REM sleep. During REM sleep, oxy‐Hb often showed a lower level and deoxy‐Hb showed a higher level than those during the preceding and following non‐REM sleep.


Insulin enhanced the sensitivity of the antibody dye-exclusion test performed on mouse thymocytes. Cyclic adenosine 3:5-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and theophylline had an inhibitory effect. Cyclic AMP, theophylline, glucagon, and isoprenaline prevented the enhancing effect of insulin. It is suggested that the cytotoxic effect of antibodies is mediated by interference with processes requiring cyclic AMP.


The archaeocyathan collection of the Ermitas Hill (Cordoba) of the Geominero Museum in Madrid has recently been revised due to the discovery of some documents related to the study by one of this paper's authors of the professional life of Eduardo Hernandez-Pacheco in the National Natural History Museum archives. This documentation shows that the Ermitas Hill archaeocyathan collection now preserved in the Geominero Museum were sent by Eduardo Hernandez-Pacheco to Lucas Mallada before 1902 to be incorporated in the museum's collections and were then studied by Hernandez Sampelayo in 1933 and 1935. This fact implies that this collection is the oldest Spanish archaeocyathan collection deposited in a Spanish museum, besides clearing up the doubts about its origins and when the material was in deposited in the Geominero Museum.


The Northern Song Dynasty had the comprehensive statistic and audit system for financial income and expenditure."Zhangji"(account book) and "Kuaijilu"(central authority accounting document) both played important roles in it."Zhangji",as the annual summary of financial status submitted from local,revealed the local government revenue and tribute completion condition,which the central authority could based on to formulate the following financial policies.And it also act as the work report of local officer,which could be an important measurement of governing achievements."Kuaijilu" was drawn by the national finance department.It showed the nationwide financial status in a certain time and condition,while providing evidence for the policy framing and modifying procedures.This dissertation starts with the relations of these two,and develop the effect and meaning of "Zhangji" and "Kuaijilu" making,by studying the differences and combination of "Zhangji" and "Kuaijilu".


Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) mode carries a well-defined orbit angular momentum. We design a fork-like grating to produce the superposition of two LG modes. It is useful in the high-dimensional quantum communication.


Objective To examine the tracking of BP from childhood to adulthood.Methods The "Beijing children and adolescents BP study cohort" consisted of 2505 subjects of 6-18 years old who were enrolled in the baseline BP investigation in 1987. Among them, 412 individuals aged 23-37 years old were successfully followed up in 2005. In this study, clinical examinations and questionnaire about risk factors of CVD were carried out. Threerecords of blood pressure measurement were obtained by trained observers by use of a standardized mercury sphygmomanometer after a 5-minute sitting rest. The classification for hypertension in children and adolescents was based on the BP percentile of healthy children, which was set up during the 1987 study.Results From 1987 to 2005, the mean value of systolic blood pressure (SBP) level and diastolic blood pressure(DBP) level were increased with age in both males and females,while it increased more among males than among females. And the SBP level increased more than the DBP level. Before puberty, the BP level increased with age in both males and females. After puberty, the increase of BP level was more significantly in males than in females. ②Taking account of adult height and BMI, there was a positive correlation between the two BP levels during childhood and adulthood, (for SBP r=0.23, P0.01 in males, and r=0.38, P0.01 in females; for DBP r=0.29, P0.01 in males and r=0.19, P0.01 in females),varying by age and sex. ③Dividing the subjects into groups according to SBP and DBP levels during childhood respectively, ie P_ 25 , ~P_ 50 , ~P_ 75 ,~P_ 90 ,~P_ 95 ,≥P_ 95 , after controlling for adult height ,BMI, SBP(DBP)and age , SBP/DBP level in adulthood increased with SBP/DBP level percentile during childhood in both males and females. ④53.5%(174/325)of subjects whose BP levels were normal in adults were those children and adolescents whose BP levels were normal at baseline; 75%(42/56) of subjects whose BP levels were "high normal" in adults were those children and adolescents who were hypertensive at baseline. Prevalence rates of hypertension were 9.5%(31/325)、19.4%(6/31)、42.9%(24/56) in 2005 for individuals whose baseline BP level was "normal", "high normal" and "hypertension" respectively (test for trend, χ~ 2 =40.129, P=0.000). Conclusions The trend of BP level changed with age was tightly associated with body growth. The results presented the evidence of BP tracking from childhood, through adolescence, to adulthood.The prevalence rates of hypertension in adult increased with baseline BP level. Strategies and program implication of hypertension prevention should begin as early as in childhood.


Teaching quality is essential for survival and development of higher vocational colleges.This paper analyzes the problems of accounting teaching in China's higher vocational institutions,such as problems in its training objectives,teaching contents and teaching methods and puts forward a series of suggestions to the teaching reform of accounting in higher vocational education.


Background: α-1 Antitrypsin deficiency is a genetic disorder that leads to early-onset emphysema. Recently, exogenous supplementation of the enzyme has become a therapeutic alternative. Objective: To review the role of so-called augmentation therapy with pooled human plasma α-1 antitrypsin as a specific treatment for emphysema caused by α-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Methods: The authors performed a Medline (1966 – 2007) search with the keywords 'α-1 antitrypsin deficiency' and 'therapy'. The authors focused on articles regarding biochemical and clinical efficacy. Results/conclusion: Augmentation therapy has been shown to raise antiprotease serum and epithelial lining fluid levels above the 'protective threshold' value. Evidence suggests that this approach slows the decline in lung function, could reduce infection rates, might enhance survival, and is well tolerated. Questions about the cost-effectiveness of this therapy remain.


This paper presents a robust control algorithm for plants involving both internal (i.e., in the state) and external (i.e., in the output or input) known point delays. Several stabilizing controller structures are given and analyzed for the case of perfectly modelled plants with known parameters. The plant is assumed to be of known order and relative order. The parametrized parts of two of the controller structures involve delays while those of the two remaining controllers are delay-free. However, auxiliary compensating signals which weight the plant input and output integrals are incorporaled in all the controller structures for stabilization and model matching purposes.


Objective
To investigate the safety and efficacy of using different anticoagulants after left atrial appendage closure with Watchman device.

Methods
Patients with successfully Watchman device implanted were included. All the patients received anticoagulants within 45 days after the procedure. The study patients were divided into 3 groups according to the type of anticoagulants. The procedural data and complications were compared among 3 groups. Transesophageal echocardiography follow-up was performed 45 days post-procedure for residual flow and device-related thrombus.

Results
A total of 212 patients were consecutively selected. The patients were divided into 3 groups: warfarin group (n=60) , dabigatran group (n=94) , and rivaroxaban group (n=58) . The peri-procedure complications (major bleeding: 3.3% vs. 0 vs. 0; minor bleeding: 5.0% vs. 2.1% vs. 1.7%; P>0.05) , residual flow ( 0.05) and device-related thrombus (3.7% vs. 1.1% vs. 1.9%, P>0.05) were comparable among the groups.

Conclusion
The safety and efficacy of dabigatran and rivaroxaban was comparable with warfarin within 45 days after Watchman device implantation.

Key words:
Atrial fibrillation; Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure; Anticoagulants


functioIl of the thyroid; in a case of severe myxoedema in a girl of 11 years the transplant was taken from a patient whose goitre had to be removed. A few weeks later the girl developed between the peritoneum and fascia lata, where an apparently healthy piece of gland from the goitre patient had been transplanted, a hypertrophic goitre of the size of an apple, and at that time all her symptoms of myxoedema lhad disappeared; she was quite well for five years, when she lhad typhoid fever; the abdominal goitre became infected anid an abscess formed which had to be opened; within a few weeks all her symptoms of myxoedema came back. Von Eiselsberg of Vienna a year ago published a similar case; the patient had been cured of myxoedema by transplanting a piece of gland of a goitre patient in the peritoneum below tlle liver. The patient died several years after the transplaultation from pneumonia. At the post-mortem examination a hypertrophic goitre of the size of a hen's egg was found under the liver. We have succeeded in demonstrating experimentally that the transplant is active. As a rule such experiments have been conducted in a way that could not give a result. The transplantation has usually been made into an animal with a normal thyrloid gland; the organism had no want of thyroid and the graft did not live. We proceeded in a different way. We first remioved the animal;s thyroid almost totally, avoiding the parathyroids, and then waited until the animal developed characteristic symptoms of hypothyroidism. Then a piece of normal thyroid gland of a healthy animal of the same species was transplanted into the upper end of both tibial bones. We then waited until the symptoms of myxoedema in the transplanted animal had disappeared, and a few months later removed the two pieces of gland from the bones, and within a few weeks the symliptoms of myxoedema reappeared. I believe that by tllese observations and experiments we have proved that the tr ansplant can live and, in view of our clinical results, recommend this as the method of choice in cases of lhypothvroidism. We believe that it should be tried also in cases of total absence of the thyroid gland.


Today, as Network environments become more complex and cyber and Network threats increase, Organizations use wide variety of security solutions against today's threats. For proper and centralized control and management, range of security features need to be integrated into unified security package. Unified threat management (UTM) as a comprehensive network security solution, integrates all of security services such as firewall, URL filtering, virtual private networking, etc. in a single appliance. PfSense is a variant of UTM, and a customized FreeBSD (Unix-like operating system). Specially is used as a router and statefull firewall. It has many packages extend it's capabilities such as Squid3 package as a as a proxy server that cache data and SquidGuard, redirector and access controller plugin for squid3 proxy server. In this paper, with implementing UTM based on PfSense platform we use Squid3 proxy server and SquidGuard proxy filter to avoid extreme amount of unwanted uploading/ downloading over the internet by users in order to optimize our organization's bandwidth consumption. We begin by defining UTM and types of it, PfSense platform with it's key services and introduce a simple and operational solution for security stability and reducing the cost. Finally, results and statistics derived from this approach compared with the prior condition without PfSense platform.


In this paper we consider the inventory system of an online retailer. The retailer continuously reviews and replenishes inventory according to a (Q, R) policy. We assume Poisson demand and constant lead times. Normally the customers will accept a reasonable period of waiting time after they issued their orders because of the purchasing convenience of the online business. With this period of waiting time, the online retailer has a response time to the customer orders even when a shortage occurs, but without incurring any penalty cost. We call this period of time as retailer committed service time. However, after the committed service time, if the retailer is still in shortage, the customer demands will be filled by emergency orders or backordered with a time dependent backorder cost. Based on the real time information of the outstanding orders of the retailer and the waiting time of the customers, we give a decision rule to minimize the expected cost under the assumption that no further emergency orders will take place. Numerical examples to illustrate the model are presented together with discussions on the conditions under which the real time decision rule provides more cost savings over the traditional systems.


The restaurant supply chain starts from the raw material collection to final product delivery. In today's digital world restaurants are maintaining both traditional and digitalized methods for supply chain processes. In the first phase of the process, fixing the quantity of raw material demand analysis is a crucial factor for making decisions to avoid wastage of product or even stock-outs. As the raw material involved in the process is perishable it's very important to keep it in the right quantity and quality standard to avoid serious issues to the people eating it. This study aims to analyze the upstream supply chain process of a startup restaurant. Upstream supply chain activity is linked with the supplier and raw material intake. Direct observation is done regarding their upstream supply chain activity and a theoretical study is done based on it. Information regarding the various sources of the raw material intake in that restaurant is collected. Further, analysis is done to identify the Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats of their Supply chain activities. In this study, suggestions are incorporated with managerial implication to enrich their Strength, make more utilization of their opportunities, washout the weakness and maintain barriers from potential threats. Correlation analysis is done to evaluate effect of supplier delay and preparation time delay on missed orders. It is found that both supplier delay and Food preparation delay is highly correlated to missed food orders.


The objective of this work was to determine whether dielectric breakdown of the R113 coolant would limit designs of compact HVDC substations. As means to this objective, a testing apparatus was designed, and constructed through modification of one previously used, to generate virtually all two-phase flow regimes in R113, with or without non-condensibles SF6 and N2 present, over a broad range of temperatures and pressures. As the flow crossed properly shielded electrodes, four Waveforms were applied, including ac, dc, switching surge and impulse. It was intended to evaluate, primarily, extreme cases which might exist in the coolant between the high potential area, containing the R113-cooled thyristor panels, and ground. In no case was breakdown attributed to failure of the coolant, rather the dielectric integrity of the solid dielectric coolant lines in the SF6 environment were found to be the limiting factor.


Ba»ic Concept» and Cla»s i f i ca t ion of S t r e u n e » Internat strcsscs in wood accompanying shrinkagc during drying arc of considcrablc importancc to thc wood proccssor and wood uscr, Thc dcvclopmcnt of intcrnal and surface check*, casehardening, and collapsc arc striking cxamplcs of undcsirablc phcnomcna rclatcd to drying stresse» of onc form or anothcr, Thc stresse» which rcsult from thc moisturc content gradient» found during normal drying are by far thc best known, These type* of drying stresse* occur bccause thc »hell of any piccc of Jumbcr will always dry and Start to »hrink long bcforc thc corc rcachcs fibcr Saturation point, Thcrc arc, howcvcr, a number of othcr drying »trcsses of diffcring origin, all of which contribute to thc total strcs» complex, Jt i* thc purposc of thi» invcstigation to cxaminc cach of thc variou» type» of drying stresse» bccause, a» will bc shown, they all contributc in onc manncr or another to thc manifest behavior of wood,


The 21st century development of plants in the agribusiness and agro-industry sectors, one form of agricultural agribusiness is mustard cultivation. However, in general, this cultivation still uses artificial chemical plants which have a negative impact if used continuously for plants, soil, and consumers. Seaweed besides being able to be consumed by the body, it can also be used as a liquid organic base. The content of seaweed in the form of calcium, manganese and potassium can actually increase plant growth. This study aims to determine the effect of liquid fertilizer applied by researchers on the growth of mustard plants. The method used is to make fertilizer made from seaweed and river moss. Giving liquid fertilizer to mustard plants with various percentages and measuring the height of mustard plants every 5 days for 25 days. The results showed that the application of organic fertilizer with seaweed as the base material could increase the growth of mustard plants. Seaweed-based fertilizers contain K2O which can stimulate growth hormone growth. This is evidenced by the difference in plants given liquid fertilizer made from seaweed and river moss.


The paper introduced that the soy sauce was ultrafiltrated by the inorganic ceramic membrane to remove the secondary sediment.First set of inorganic ceramic membrane filtration process is in 2005,soy sauce production,processing capacity for 7 t/h.Nearly five years,it is the normal operation conditions.Soy sauce by the inorganic ceramic membrane ultrafiltration,its total nitrogen,amino nitrogen,no salt solids,still raw sugar,pigment etc.is more than 98%,high degree of clarity,light transmittance can reach the highest about 70%,its bacteria total 100/mL.


The maximum down range trajectory optimization problem with multiple phases and multiple constraints corresponding to the flight of a boost-glide vehicle is considered. The longitudinal motion model was built as a multiphase optimization problem under constraints. Legendre–Gauss–Radau collocation points were used to transcribe the optimization problem into a finite-dimensional nonlinear programming problem, and the maximization down range trajectory was obtained based on adaptive mesh refinement pseudospectral methods. However, sometimes it is difficult to find interior points without position constraints. A novel optimization strategy based on dynamic programming theory was proposed to search the free interior points more accurately and quickly, which resulted in almost the same optimized trajectory while producing a small mesh. The results of numerical examples showed that the boost-glide vehicle trajectory optimization problem is solved using the adaptive mesh refinement pseudospectral methods.


Column liquid chromatography Orosomucoid Complex glycans ~xl-acid glycoprotein Glycopeptides a positive reactant in the acute phase response. OMD has five glycosylation sites, each of which can be filled with one of several different N-linked complex type glycans, all the individual structures of which are known [6]. Chromatography was the method of choice to assess change and it was therefore necessary to be able to assign chromatographic peaks to particular glycan structures. We report here a straightforward way to do this on the basis of retention time.


The order of obtaining and evaluating the effectiveness of modifying the recognition procedures of biomedical signals using the characteristics of their shape for describing observed processes and in decision-making criteria are considered. The presentation is illustrated by an example with three types of signals with their classification - N, A, and V types of QRS complexes in a half-hour ECG recording of the patient.


This paper examines the aesthetics of remixing history at the heart of the neoliberal project of India's image makeover as the 'land of limitless opportunity' for global tourists and investors. I argue that the project of remixing India's history is predicated upon the ontological fault line of how to retain and erase the original simultaneously while shaping the new in the contemporary global. Taking the Incredible India campaign as an example, I show how the original essence of India is revealed and authenticated in the very moment of its disappearance as it is morphed in the aesthetics of the contemporary global. The post-exotic self, I further argue, is not produced by effacing the exotic past, but by condensing, accelerating and fast-forwarding it into a timeless, infinite global present. And in doing so, it also reveals the blueprint of the ongoing visual rearrangement of nation's civilisational past in the making of new India.


Following planned termination of pregnancy, infants of diabetic mothers (IDM) have shown a continued vulnerability to the respiratory-distress syndrome (RDS) suggesting false-positive fetal lung maturity testing. Adequacy of the lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio for predicting RDS was studied in 56 diabetic (DM) and 50 nondiabetic (ND) pregnancies. Amniotic-fluid samples (n=130) were assayed for 1- and 2-dimensional (dim) thinlayer chromatographic (TLC) L/S ratios, and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) assays. L/S ratios for all pregnancies by both TLC techniques revealed higher 1-dim values from 36-38 wk gestation (P<0.01). Per cent PI was increased for ND over DM before 34 wk (P<0.03), otherwise it did not delineate gestational age for either group. PG appeared in the surfactant complex beyond 34 wk (P<0.001), however, when L/S ratios were 2 to 2.9, it appeared in only 16.7% of DM pregnancies vs 50% of ND (P<0.02). PG was absent in 37% of all pregnancies > 38 wk with L/S ratios > 3. PG detection by class of DM was delayed for class A pregnancies beyond 36.5 wk (r=0.6551, P<0.007). Respiratory distress developed in 3 infants (2.9%): 2 ND had transient tachypnea (1.9%), 1 IDM had RDS (0.95%). We conclude: 1) 2-dim TLC improves phosphatide identification, 2) PG, if present, confirms fetal lung maturity in conjunction with positive L/S ratios, and 3) the L/S ratio remains the best available indicator of fetal lung maturation, irrespective of maternal diabetes.


This study aimed to investigate the relationship among the cultural disposition, morality, and psychological health of medical students to determine how these factors might relate to curriculum planning in medical education. Data was collected from a total of 186 medical students. The questionnaire used included the individual cultural disposition scale, the symptom checklist-90-revised, and the defining issues test. To evaluate individual cultural disposition, we classified students into four categories—low, individual, collective, or mixed cultural disposition—using individualism/collectivism and vertical/horizontal dimensions. We found that those who were younger and in earlier academic years had higher collectivism than individualism and the males had higher individualism than the females. There was no difference in morality or psychological health by the students' sex, age, or academic year. Horizontal collectivism and moral judgment showed a statistically significant correlation (r=0.150, p<0.05), as did stage 6 morality and symptoms of damaged psychological health (r=-0.156, p<0.05). Other than these relationships, no significant correlations between cultural disposition and morality or between morality and psychological health were found. Cultural disposition did have correlations with various aspects of psychological health; specifically, the highest correlation coefficients were found in the relationships between phobic anxiety and horizontal individualism, psychoticism and vertical collectivism, and hostility and horizontal collectivism. The four cultural disposition categories showed relationships not with morality but with psychological health factors including depression, anxiety, hostility, and phobic anxiety. We hope the results of this study can be used to improve the curriculum of medical education.Keywords:Cultural disposition, Medical students, Morality, Psychological healthCorrespondingauthorByungduck AnDepartment of Psychology and Philosophy, Pai Chai University, 155-40 Baejae-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35345, KoreaTel:+82-42-609-1902Fax:+82-42-609-1919E-mail:email@example.com http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6980-1461Received:November 23, 20151strevised:Janurary 15, 20162ndrevised:February 3, 2016Accepted:February 5, 2016 Copyright ©2016 Korean Medical Education ReviewThis is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-CommercialLicense (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercialuse,distribution,and reproduction in any medium,provided the originalwork is properly cited.


This thesis emphasizes the importance and the scientific connotations of knowledge management for enterprises in the age of knowledge economy, and puts forward suggestions on how Chinese enterprises should understand and carry out knowledge management.


The incipient nonlinear stages of thermal instability are described by a solution of the gas-dynamics equations obtained in the short-wave approximation. As small density perturbations undergo nonlinear growth, the thermally unstable gas will be efficiently cooled. The cooling and contraction of such regions may serve to produce interstellar clouds.


Objective: To investigate the effects of low dose of dexamethasone on CD11b+Gr-1+myeloid-derived suppressor cells( MDSCs) in septic mice induced by lipopolysaccharide( LPS). Methods: The septic mice model was established by the intraperitoneal injection of LPS in BALB / c mice. The mice were randomly divided into the normal control group( NC group),sepsis group( SE group)and sepsis combined with dexamethasone group( SD group). The levels of serum interferon-γ and interleukin-10 were detected at 6,12 and 24 hours. The percentage of CD11b+Gr-1+MDSCs in spleen and bone marrow of mice were detected at 12,24,48 and 72 hours.Results: Compared with the NC group,the levels of interferon-γ at 6 hours and interleukin-10 at 12 hours in SE group and SD group increased significantly( P 0. 05 to P 0. 01),and the difference of which between SE group and SD group was not statistically different( P 0. 05). Compared with the NC group,the percentages of MDSCs in spleen at 12 to 72 hours in SE group and at 12 to 48 hours in SD group increased significantly( P 0. 01),and the differences of the percentage of MDSCs at 24 to 72 hours between SE group and SD group were statistically different( P 0. 05). Compared with the NC group,the percentages of MDSCs in bone marrow of SE and SD group increased significantly at 48 hours and 72 hours( P 0. 05 to P 0. 01). the differences of which at 48 and 72 hours between SE and SD groups were statistically significant( P 0. 05 and P 0. 01). Conclusions: Low dose of dexamethasone can inhibit the production and accumulation of MDSCs in septic mice induced by LPS.


Abstract Flood damage is increasing in U.S. metropolitan areas because of urbanization in small watersheds and floodplains and because of inadequate storm drainage. The National Flood Insurance Program is a necessary but insufficient response to the problem. Additional measures and programs tailored to the particular region are needed. This article reviews three diverse regional special districts serving metropolitan areas and compares their roles in reducing flood losses.


The biodegradation capacity of Ralstonia eutropha PTCC 1615 for olive-oil mill wastewater (OMW) was evaluated using a central composite design (CCD) technique. An empirical model was developed to mathematically describe the bacterial performance under the influence of the mutual interactions between the independent variables. The selected test parameters include the initial pH of the OMW as a substrate (x1), the inoculum size (x2, InocS), and the substrate dilution ratio (x3, SDR= OMW:H2O). The biodegradation ability of R. eutropha was evaluated based on the removal capability of total phenolics (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Predicted values for the responses agreed well with experimental values; R 2 values for TP and COD removal were 0.9984 and 0.9963, respectively. The pH and the substrate dilution ratio were both found to significantly impact TP and COD removal, while the significance of the inoculum size was less than that for the other two test variables. The capacity of the adapted R. eutropha for OMW degradation varied with SDR with the following ranking: undiluted > twofold-diluted > fourfold-diluted OMW. Within the design space, the optimum conditions for the biodegradation of OMW in terms of TP and COD removal were established and include pH of 7.9 to 8.4, InocS of 5%, and SDR of 1:0.. This study has demonstrated that it is possible to use the adapted R. eutropha for OMW bioremediation without pretreatment. Commercialization of this type of bio-treatment is promising.


Cochlear implants (CIs) are widely used neural prostheses to restore hearing in hearing impaired patients. The implant's platinum electrodes are comparable to microelectrodes typically used in bio- and chemo-sensors. We show how advanced electrochemical protocols can be used to turn CI electrodes into electrochemical sensors, e.g. for oxygen. The overall goal is to measure the implant's microenvironment and characterize electrode degradation in order to improve implant function and life-time. For the first time, we characterized the performance of CI electrodes as chemical sensors and demonstrated the in vivo measurement of intracochlear oxygen levels with a CI in an animal model.


Abstract A new form of multivariable Lagrange inversion is given, with determinants occurring on both sides of the equality. These determinants are principal minors, for complementary subsets of row and column indices, of two determinants that arise singly in the best known forms of multivariable Lagrange inversion. A combinatorial proof is given by considering functional digraphs, in which one of the principal minors is interpreted as a Matrix Tree determinant, and the other by a form of Gessel-Viennot cancellation.


The paper briefly introduces circulating cooling water system technology and the online chemical cleaning technique of LDPE Equipment circulating water,and discusses the foreground of online chemical cleaning technique.


A considerable lot of the multimodal biometric frameworks are being used and increased a ton of significance because of its uniqueness and viability. The multimodal biometric systems include hand geometry, signature, retinal pattern, iris, voice-print, finger knuckle, fingerprint, finger vein, face and so on. The points of interest and inconveniences of the biometric frameworks depend on the three principle factors, for example, client acknowledgment, exactness and pertinence. the precision of the iris design, retinal example and face is negligible, when contrasted with the finger knuckle and the finger vein characteristics. client acknowledgment is likewise exceptionally high for the finger knuckle and the finger vein contrasted with the other biometric attributes. The performance is also good for the finger knuckle and the finger vein due to the finger geometry in addition to, security, non-traceability, speed, user friendly, accuracy and so on are the advantages of the finger vein. Implement this simulation in MATLAB 2013a


Angular distributions of bremsstrahlung emission are calculated for various energy and angular distributions of hot electrons incident on a laser-irradiated plastic target. These theoretical results are used to interpret experimental data of x-ray continuum emission from a C${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$-laser-produced plasma. It is shown that at low irradiance (${I}_{L}\ensuremath{\le}5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{12}$ W/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$) the incident electrons are normal to the target surface but that at higher irradiance, the incident electrons' angular distribution (spatially integrated over the target surface) is semi-isotropic. The influence of the directional distribution of hot electrons on axial energy transport is also studied by comparing calculated continum x-ray spectra as well as energy-deposition profiles with experimental results.


Grain refinement has been conducted to reduce the thermal conductivity and improve the thermoelectric performance of the (Zr,Hf)NiSn based half-Heusler alloys. Nanoscale in situ precipitates were found embedded in the matrix with submicron grains. The lattice thermal conductivity was decreased due to the enhanced boundary scattering of phonons. The increased carrier concentration and electrical conductivity were observed compared to the coarse-grained alloys, which is discussed in relation to the existence of nanoscale precipitates, the effect of antisite defects, and composition change. It is suggested that the nanoscale precipitates play a significant role in the observed electrical conductivity increase.


It is shown that in alloys with the L1 0 superstructure the X-ray diffraction method of measuring the degree of tetragonality c/a is inapplicable for estimating the extent of order at the initial stages of the process of atomic ordering.


The application of theoretical growth equations to the field of stand diameter structure has important significance in both theory and practice.In order to look for the inside and outside mechanism,and be elective and distinguished to use theoretical growth equations,this paper,in the view of stands and equations,studies and discusses this problems.The results showed:that there was not obvious influence of age,site index,density and thinning weight on modelling precision of six growth equations,such as Richards,Logistic and Korf so on,but there was a distinctly difference in modelling precision significant among equations.The inflection points of curve of stands cumulative diameter distribution mainly ranged,from 0.4 to 0.6. There was a close correlation between the value distribution of inflection points of growth equations and the modelling precision of equations,the wider the effective inflection point range of the best fit curve of equations was,or the higher the precision of inflection points was.The bigger the validity of inflection points was, then the modelling precision of equations would be higher.


Monitoring growth, as it is now practised in most health systems in developing countries, is widely misunderstood and largely ineffective (1-5). So, it is no surprise that the process itself has been controversial, leading some academicians and practitioners to urge its elimination from community-based programmes (6-9). And still, monitoring growth is universally found in paediatric offices and academic centres throughout the world, seen as an integral part of good paediatric practice. As introduced by Morley in clinics that treated children aged under five years in Nigeria in the 1960s (10), monthly monitoring of growth has provided the foundation of good promotive child healthcare in large projects in India (11), Bangladesh (12), and Honduras (13), and in thousands of village of Indonesia (14). How did growth monitoring and promotion (GMP), once seen as the essential foundation of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)-promoted GOBI strategy for young children (growth monitoring, oral rehydration, breastfeeding, and immunization) fall into such disrepute, while the other GOBI components have proven highly robust? Part of the answer indeed lies in the poor understanding of its purposes and procedures by medical officers and health and nutrition workers as reported by Roberfroid et al. in this issue of the Journal (15). First, as well-documented in that paper, the primary purpose of GMP is rarely understood even by its implementers and much less by participating mothers. The emphasis is on the measuring--the 'monitoring' rather than the 'promotion' of growth. The growth card, all too often, is seen as a diagnostic tool for use by the health worker to detect existing malnutrition rather than a communication aid to encourage early action by the mother before malnutrition supervenes. The card, designed to draw a mother's attention to the pattern of growth of her own child, is instead used by workers as an anthropometric standard for measuring nutritional status. Thus, from the start, the primary purpose of GMP is diverted. This leads automatically to the second major error: GMP activities focus on the wrong age-group--the already-malnourished older child becomes the object of the greatest attention rather than the infant and one-year old child where most unseen and significant growth faltering is encountered (16). The opportunity for early preventive intervention to reverse growth faltering is lost in exchange for late and often ineffective, difficult, and costly therapy for established under-nutrition. There has been, in fact, anecdotal evidence in some programmes of desperately poor mothers hoping for poor growth or 'bad nutrition' with the expectation of then receiving free food for their children and families. Growth 'promotion' should begin at or even before birth, helping mothers understand that the overall well-being of her child depends on her own behaviour, even during pregnancy: how she exerts herself or rests, her personal hygiene and healthcare, exposure to smoke and other toxins, and what she eats. Early and exclusive breastfeeding has been shown to be the single most effective intervention to improve child survival and nutrition, requiring support and promotion from the moment of delivery (17). Timely introduction of adequate complimentary foods is another critical intervention in mid-infancy. These opportunities to establish healthy growth too often are lost in the attention given to the older, more obviously failing child whose weight is "below the line." GMP was designed as a communication strategy to alert mothers and workers to early signs of inadequate attention to childcare, to underlying illness or social pathology. Faltering growth, once visualized through the 'monitoring' and charting, would lead, as early GMP advocates expected, to a careful investigation of the childrearing practices and home environment, with practical actions identified to resume growth, and to appropriate positive reinforcement of those measures when successful, as seen with improved growth the following month. …


The well-known Soviet algebraist Grigorii Borisovich Gurevich has reached the age of 70. He was born on July 6, 1898 in Gorki in the Province of Mogilev, but lived from the age of five in St. Petersburg. Here he went to high school in 1907; when he left school in 1915, he received a gold medal. He was then enrolled for Course I in the PhysicsMathematics Faculty of St. Petersburg University; but in 1918 his studies were interrupted due to the removal of his family to Kozlov, and he served in the Red Army from the middle of 1919 until February 1920. In the autumn of 1920 he enrolled in the Physics-Mathematics Faculty of Saratov University where he graduated in 1921. Gurevich then took up teaching positions first in Minsk and later (1922) in Moscow at the MIIT, where he remained until 1941 occupying the successive positions of Assistant, Lecturer and Professor (from 1932). From 1938 until 1943 he was also Professor at the Liebknecht Pedagogical Institute in Moscow. From 1925 until 1929 Gurevich was a graduate student at the Moscow State University; in 1930 he defended his final thesis " On some integral problems of tensor analysis " . In 1937 he defended his doctoral dissertation " Trivector algebra " at the Moscow State University. From 1943 Gurevich worked at the Moscow Mechanical Institute; from 1950 until 1956 he was Head of the Department of Higher Mathematics at the Tul' sk Mechanical Institute, and from 1956 Professor in the Department of Geometry at the Lenin Pedagogical Institute in Moscow. Gurevich's scientific interests are in algebra: but not those realms of abstract general concepts that nowadays one usually has in mind when talking about algebra. Gurevich' s research is concerned with concrete algebraic problems of classical type. Gurevich's scientific outlook has been influenced to a large extent by his participation over many years in the Moscow University seminar on vector and tensor analysis organized in 1927 by V. F. Kagan. It is not surprising that a large number of articles by Gurevich are concerned with tensor algebra. We should mention first of all the remarkable results which form the substance of his doctoral dissertation (1937), namely the theory of classical trivectors of rank 8. This work made it necessary to surmount a long series of obstacles, and to give proofs (often quite ingenious ones) of a whole chain of preparatory theorems. The final result is easy to state: there exist exactly 13 trivectors of rank 8; it is understood here that two trivectors obtainable from each other by a linear transformation of the space are to be


In this paper we extended the semiparametric mixed model for longitudinal censored data with normal errors to Student-t erros. This models allows flexible functional dependence of an outcome variable on covariates by using nonparametric regression, while accounting for correlation between observations by using random effects. Penalized likelihood equations are applied to derive the maximum likelihood estimates which appear to be robust against outlying observations in the sense of the Mahalanobis distance. We estimate nonparametric functions by using smoothing splines jointly estimate smoothing parameter by the EM algorithm. Finally, the performance of the proposed approach is evaluated through extensive simulation studies as well as application to dataset from AIDS study.


Transient and steady-state measurements of photo-induced birefringence changes due to photorefractive effect in Hf 4 + -doped congruent composition single-domain and periodically poled lithium niobate (LN and PPLN) crystals are presented. The birefringence change is induced by a 532-nm beam and probed by a 633-nm beam. It is found that HfO 2 doping with a saturation concentration of about 4 mol% has very effective influence on reducing of photorefractive effect in LN crystals. Distribution coefficient of Hf 4+ ions in LN crystal is a decreasing function on its initial concentration in the melt.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of irrigation and foliar application of fungicide on the burned grain complex, fungal incidence (Blotter test) and grain yield of two maize hybrids. The experiments were conducted in the agricultural crop 2014/15, in Cruz Alta, RS. For both experiments, the treatments were arranged in a randomized block design and arranged in factorial scheme:2 (commercial hybrids) x 4 (3 fungicides and 1 control), with 4 replicates. In the laboratory, the grains were evaluated, as percentage of burned grains, grain sanity by Blotter test method, weight of one thousand grains and grain yield. There was influence of the use of irrigation, the hybrid, and the application of fungicides on grain yield and the incidence of burned grains and phytopathogenic fungi. Irrigation favored a higher incidence of burned grains and fungi Fusariumsp. and Aspergillussp. The hybrid BG7060HR provided a lower incidence of fungi and burned grains, parallel to a greater mass of a thousand grains and productivity when the fungicide Azoxystrobin + Benzovindiflupir was applied. The application of fungicides in the V8 stage of the culture reduced the incidence of fungi Fusariumsp.and Aspergillussp., especially the fungicide Azoxystrobin + Benzovindiflupir.


The flight test of the Central Institute of Aviation Motors/NASA scramjet was numerically analyzed. The flowpath was divided into inlet and burner sections and solved sequentially. Initial simulation of the inlet at high-speed conditions failed to describe the behavior of the data, which indicated the presence of separated flow near the throat. A qualitative analysis of low-speed operation showed inlet unstart and subsequent hysteresis effects that reproduced the main features of the flow revealed by the data. Simulation of the burner captured the dual-mode operation apparent in the data; calculated pressures somewhat underpredicted measured values. Effects of grid convergence, Schmidt number, chemistry models, and inlet nonuniformities were evaluated. In conclusion, current numerical tools seem adequate to anticipate qualitative effects of design and construction of scramjet engines. More work is needed to improve their accuracy, particularly in the field of turbulence modeling.


With the diameter increasing for large aperture telescope primary mirror, the gravity caused by the increased of surface size will directly affect the quality of optical imaging, the adjustment of large aperture primary mirror will be frequent according to the requirement of observation. As the angle and the azimuth's transformation of primary mirror influences the surface shape accuracy immediately, the rational design of the primary mirror supporting structure is of crucial importance. Now the general method is to use ANSYS APDL programming, which is inconvenient and complex to fit for the different components, the calculation require much time and the analysis is lack of efficient. Taking the diameter of 1.12 m telescope primary mirror as the research objection, the paper combine the actual design parameters of SONG telescope, respectively using ANSYS WORKBENCH to employ the primary mirror axial and lateral support model in finite element method, the optimal solution is obtained by optimization design and the change rule of mirror surface deformation under inclined condition is studied. The optimization results according with the requirements of the primary mirror comprehensive error proves that the optimization analysis method is available and applicable.


We show that the Lagrange dual of the problem of channel capacity with input cost for discrete memoryless channel is a simple and well- structured geometric program. The geometric pro- gram dual gives a new class of upper bounds of chan- nel capacity that can be made arbitrarily tight and includes some known bounds as special cases, and a free energy interpretation to channel capacity. Geometric programming (21 is a type of nonlinear optimiza- tion useful for various engineering problems such as network resource allocation and analog circuit design. We first define a monomial as a function f : RT -+ R: