his paper presents a new method to generate uniform micropheres with biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) aterial using microelectromechanical system technology. The eneral idea with this method is such that a liquid phase containng the dissolved microsphere matrix material reaches a continuus phase after a silicon membrane with micron-sized perforaions, where microdroplets are formed. After the droplet is etached from the membrane, the solvent diffuses out of the dropets into a continuous phase leading to the formation of solid icrospheres. The experiment was performed to verify this method ith some promising result. It has been shown that with this ethod, about 90% of the microspheres are in the range from 1 to m, which seems to be better than the result obtained with ther methods using glass or ceramic membranes. The microphere with such a size range is useful for intravascular applicaions and pharmaceutical drug delivery with a slow release of the rug at narrowly defined rates. DOI: 10.1115/1.3212556


The insertion of technologies that help to maintain or increase the productivity and quality of agricultural products is highly important in the face of the challenges for the generation of more sustainable farming systems. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the biometric and post-harvest characteristics of sweet maize under inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and different doses of thiamine applied by seed treatment. The experiment was conducted in a factorial scheme (2 x 4) and the composition of the treatments was the combination of the presence or absence of the Azospirillum brasilense and different doses of thiamine (0, 15, 30 and 45 mg kg -1 ). Were evaluated the grain yield, ear weight with and without the straw, straw weight, straw number, ear diameter, number of grain rows per ear, number of grains per row, number of grains per ear, soluble solids, titratable acidity and ratio . When isolated, the inoculation of sweet maize seeds with the Azospirillum brasilense improves ears biometric and quality characteristics and the application of thiamine as seed treatment, up to the dose of 25.27 mg kg -1 , improves the biometric characteristics of ears of sweet maize, however, the use of the inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and the application of thiamine as seed treatment is not recommended, since the vitamin in the doses studied inhibits the bacteria action and the it potential for the biological fixation of nitrogen.


Military formulae are those structured military principles according to which simulated command entities in warfare simulation systems make reasonable decisions, and the simulated operational force entities control there own behaviors reasonably during the course of the execution of specific operational tasks. This paper introduces a methodology on how to establish a set of military formulae, according to which those simulated command entities and operational force entities would react to particular synthetic situations in the simulation as their corresponding simulands do in real world under the same situations, thus producing credible simulation behaviors and results, and discusses the necessity of resolving this problem and some features the set of military formulae should have as well.


In order to explore a rapid identification method for the anti-counterfeit of commercial high value collections, a three-step infrared spectrum method was used for the pterocarpus collection identification to confirm whether a commercial pterocarpus bracelet (PB) was made from the precious species of Pterocarpus santalinus (P. santalinus). In the first step, undertaken by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum, the absorption peaks intensity of PB was slightly higher than that of P. santalinus only at 1594 cm−1, 1205 cm−1, 1155 cm−1 and 836 cm−1. In the next step of second derivative IR spectra (SDIR), the FTIR features of the tested samples were further amplified, and the peaks at 1600 cm−1, 1171 cm−1 and 1152 cm−1 become clearly defined in PB. Finally, by means of two-dimensional correlation infrared (2DIR) spectrum, it revealed that the response of holocellulose to thermal perturbation was stronger in P. santalinus than that in PB mainly at 977 cm−1, 1008 cm−1, 1100 cm−1, 1057 cm−1, 1190 cm−1 and 1214 cm−1, while the aromatic functional groups of PB were much more sensitive to the thermal perturbation than those of P. santalinus mainly at 1456 cm−1, 1467 cm−1, 1518 cm−1, 1558 cm−1, 1576 cm−1 and 1605 cm−1. In addition, fluorescence microscopy was used to verify the effectiveness of the above method for wood identification and the results showed good consistency. This study demonstrated that the three-step IR method could provide a rapid and effective way for the anti-counterfeit of pterocarpus collections.


In the midst of a fierce battle, soldiers, fighting in what they consider a great cause, seek encouragement in their struggles. They do not welcome criticism and reject out-of-hand even well-intended warnings that their cause is doomed to failure. By 1970, there had been many court battles, but finally school desegregation advocates were beginning to make some advances in their efforts to gain implementation of the Supreme Court's decision invalidating racial segregation in the public schools.


Immunotherapy is a new frontline therapeutic strategy for multiple cancer types. However, non-response mechanisms of immune checkpoint inhibitors generally exist in patients of solid cancer such breast and colorectal cancer. Multiple factors that parallelly regulate T cell functions may cause the non-response mechanism, such as regulators of T-cell's recognition of cancer cells and cytotoxicity activities. Our recent study revealed that the presentation and salvage of MHC class I antigen presentation on cancer cells is a key deterministic factor of T-cell recognition in multiple cancer types.
 In this study, we established a systems biology model of the antigen processing and presentation pathways to identify cancer cell-expressing genes that are associated with immune response of breast cancer and effector T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. To the best of our knowledge, there is no established systems biology model of MHC I class antigen presentation pathway. We first manually collected and curated the biological processes that are involved in the MHC class I antigen presentation pathway via an extensive literature review. MHC I class antigen presentation involves a chain of biological processes, namely ubiquitination, proteosome, transporter associated with antigen processing, chaperone-based formation of MHC I class one complex, ER to Golgi, and Golgi to cell membrane exocytosis. We also include branches such as de-ubiquitination, MHC class I complex checking, and endocytosis-based salvage.
 We further estimated sample-wise activity level of the MHC class I antigen presentation pathway using transcriptomics data. By treating antigen as a "mass carrying" signal, we developed a systems biology model over the established pathway. The whole biological process was treated as a network model, in which the flux represents antigen presentation activity level. Based on this computational method, we further build a machine-learning pipeline that utilizes omics datasets (cancer genomics, scRNA-seq, spatial transcriptomics) collected from tumor tissue samples to correlate the MHC class I antigen presentation activities with immune response in cancer tumor microenvironment. We identified genes expressed by cancer cells that have high impacts on antigen presentation and are associated with T cell recognition and cytotoxicity. The identified genes are involved in (a) the antigen presentation machinery, (b) the immunoproteasome in antigen processing, (c) the dynamics of antigen presentation on the cell surface, and (d) cytokine and chemokine secretion.
 Citation Format: Jia Wang, Xiao Wang, Pengtao Dang, Haiqi Zhu, Xinyu Zhou, Kaman So, Sha Cao, Chi Zhang. A data-driven and AI-empowered systems biology model of MHC class I antigen presentation pathway [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3000.


The sculptural work of Lee Bul generates a compelling visual incongruity within a cluster of aesthetic divergences. In her 1998 exhibition at Artsonje Center in Seoul, Korea, the suspended, white, and partially constructed representations of cyborg bodies, though unbounded by traditional biological gender, appear as female due to their hourglass shapes. But between them stands a monster. Monster: Black (1998), the many-tentacled amorphism, the great glittering pile of excrement. Visually incommensurable, the clean, sleek, resolutely contained surfaces of the female cyborgs resonate tensely against the unwieldy, seven-foot tidal wave of abjection that has gathered up its full force and threatens to crash down, subsuming all in its environment.


A continuous process for the manufacture of 5-hydroxy methylfurfural (HMF), using a stirred tank reactor with simultaneous reaction and extraction was studied. Methylisobutylketone (MIBK) was used as the extraction agent. The experiments were carried out at elevated temperatures and moderate acidity. Other process parameters were the initial concentration of D-fructose, the residence time, and the ratio of MIBK and H2O. Though the effect of extraction was limited due to the fact that the formation of HMF was faster than its breakdown, the use of MIBK as a cosolvent appeared to have a beneficial influence on the course of the reaction. The productivity at short residence times is lowered due to the stability of intermediate products.


U.S. citizens' reactions to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, were examined, including emotional responses, attributions for the cause of the attacks, and policy recommendations. Participants whose emotional reactions were dominated by anger attributed the attacks to the fanaticism of the terrorists and to poor U.S. security and rejected the idea that U.S. foreign policy played a role in the attacks. They endorsed an aggressive military response and rejected humanitarian efforts. Participants whose emotional reactions were dominated by sadness, in contrast, denied that fanaticism and security lapses were to blame, and both sad and fearful participants expressed reservations about a strong military reaction. Path models suggest that the relationship between emotional reactions and policy endorsement was partially mediated by attributions.


Method for using a device for fixing impact a fastener into a substrate, having an accumulator mechanical energy (200) for accumulating mechanical energy, a transmission power (100) movable between an initial position and a laying position for transmitting energy from the accumulator mechanical energy (200) to the fixing element, and a transmission power (480, 490) for transmitting power from a power source (590 ) to the accumulator of mechanical energy (200), wherein the transmission mechanism of energy (480, 490) comprises a motor (480), wherein in the method, the motor (480) is driven at a speed decreasing rotation against load torque, which is exerted on the engine by mechanical energy accumulator (200), wherein the motor (480) is fed with decreasing energy, while energy is accumulated in mechanical energy accumulator (200).


Students give perceptions of teacher activity while teaching. Professional teachers able to manage the class well will easily create an effective learning environment, so that students will give a good response. This will encourage students' interest to be more active in the learning process. The problem of the research how are the influence of students' perceptions about the professionalism of teachers to interest in learning? Purpose of the study are determine and describe the influence of students' perceptions about the professionalism of teachers to interest in learning.
This research includes the type of field research (field research) by testing the hypothesis. The research population is all students of class XI SMK Muhammadiyah Sukoharjo academic year 2016/2017 which amounted to 160 students. The sample of the study was 40 students, taken by random sampling technique. Data collection techniques used questionnaires and documentation. Test of research instrument using validity and reliability test. Test the prerequisite analysis using the test of normality and linearity. Data analysis techniques use simple regression analysis.
The results of this study concluded that students 'perceptions about the professionalism of teachers influence the students' interest in class XI SMK Muhammadiyah Sukoharjo academic year 2016/2017. This is evident from the results of hypothesis testing with t test obtained tcount> ttable at 5% significance level that is 7,609> 2.021 with p <0,05. This means that the better the perception of students about the professionalism of teachers, the higher the student's interest in learning. Conversely, the less perceptions of students about the professionalism of teachers, the lower the student's interest in learning.


Objective: This research investigated the immunomodulatory potentials of two medicinally important wild epiphytic Bangladeshi orchids Cymbidium aloifolium and Papilionanthe teres using Swiss albino mice. Materials and Methods: Orchid extracts were prepared using a cold methanol extraction procedure. To assess the immunomodulatory action, Swiss albino mice of either sex weighing 25–35 gm were divided into five groups each with six animals. Sheep red blood cells (SRBC) of 0.5 × 109 cells/ml were used to immunize all mice on the 7th day, and a booster dose of the same quantity of SRBC was given on the 11th day of the experiment. After 14 days of oral treatment with 100 and 200 mg/kg bw of orchid extract, the mice were sacrificed to collect serum and organs. Hematological assays, delayed type of hypersensitivity assays, phagocytic index (PI), and histopathological investigations were used to assess in vivo immunomodulatory efficacy. Results: The body weight changes of the experimental animals were considerably greater at 100 mg/kg bw than at a higher dose (200 mg/kg bw). There was a substantial improvement of relative organ weights of the thymus and spleen at the low dose, but no effect on kidney weights was evident. The liver weight increased significantly (p < 0.05) at both doses. Total neutrophil, leukocyte, and lymphocyte counts, hemoglobin percentage, delayed hypersensitivity reaction, and PI were all significantly (p < 0.05) increased in mice receiving the lower dose. In contrast to the control group, the higher dose reduced immunological response, suggesting the negative influence of a higher dose of extracts on the immune reaction. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that orchid extracts can potentially modulate the innate immune system in the experimental animal.


The process of diagnosing a disease from the 2D gel electrophoresis image is a challenging problem. This is due to technical difficulties of generating reproducible images with a normalized form and the effect of negative stain. In this paper, we will discuss a new concept of interpreting the 2D images and overcoming the aforementioned technical difficulties using mathematical transformation. The method makes use of 2D gel images of proteins in serums and we explain a way of representing the images into vectors in order to apply machine-learning methods, such as the support vector machine.


This study was based upon the premise that individual Kansei works to evaluate an object, and that Kansei differs from person to person. It focused on a three-dimensional impression from the various elements which provoke this impression in an object. It aimed to investigate the characteristics of a product thickness, felt when a person recognized and/or touch an object. This study approached a sensitive measure method about the impression of thickness using several objects of different forms. To classify evaluation results by a standard, subjects were grouped based on their response similarities. As a result, we were able to suggest a new Kansei category by the way of evaluation and feeling of objects' thickness. Three types of experiments were carried on, and physical objects were produced using a three-dimensional printer. Experiment A was to discriminate a three-dimensional object from a plane one; experiment B was to evaluate the thickness by difference of weight; and experiment C was to evaluate the thickness by the shape of the top and sides of the objects. As a result, the objects were separated in plane and solid by area and thickness. In the objects that fit into one hand, it became the standard that around 10% of the length and breadth divides a plane and a solid. In addition, the impressions of the thickness were different by the shape of the sides. When the side shape was concave it was felt thinner than the real thickness, on the other hand, the convex was felt thicker than its real size. This study suggested a standard of the Kansei category, namely generality and accuracy. In this study, simple shapes were used and possibility of a new Kansei category was proposed. This method might be applied to the evaluation of more complicated products.


The design of the cell tree, an object-oriented dynamic index structure for geometric databases, is described. The data objects in the database are represented as unions of convex point sets (cells). The cell tree is a balanced tree structure whose leaves contain the cells and whose interior nodes correspond to a hierarchy of nested convex polyhedra. This index structure allows quick access to the cells (and thereby to the data objects) that occupy a given location in space. The cell tree is designed for paged secondary memory to minimize the number of disk accesses occurring during a tree search. Point locations and range searches can be carried out very efficiently using the cell tree.<<ETX>>


This paper uses the statistics and econometric method to study the correlations between economy cycle and bank credit based on data from 1978 to 2004 of Shandong Province.It finds out that economical cycle and bank credit are highly correlative,the expansion and contraction of bank loan are the important impetus of economical undulation,and the economical undulation has strong guidance effect to the bank credit.To optimize credit structure,adjust industry layout and lead credit and economical development into benign interaction have vital significance for region economics to develop steadily.


General practitioners on the boards of clinical commissioning groups are spending up to four days a week setting up their organisation, show data obtained under the Freedom of Information Act.

In three areas of England GPs who are board members of clinical commissioning groups are spending up to four days a week setting up the commissioning group, show the findings from the research organisation …


The present invention provides a highly durable packing material for liquid chromatography is excellent in acid resistance and alkali resistance. Silica gel, the general formula chemically modified with bifunctional silane compound represented by the [I], the resulting chemical modification of silica gel, using a bifunctional cyclic silazane represented by the general formula [II] End cap reaction by performing, packing material for liquid chromatography as described above can be obtained. Wherein [I], X Wherein [II], R [Formula 1] ## STR2 ##


Optical heterodyne submillimeter-wave (submmw) generation using waveguide and antenna coupled 1.55 /spl mu/m travelling-wave photodetectors (TW-PD's) is experimentally investigated up to about 500 GHz.


While our understanding of the fine structure of DNA damage and of the interactions of proteins with such damage and with native DNA remain relatively virgin fields, the discussions at this meeting have clearly contributed adequate witness to the enormous strides that we're making in these areas of investigative endeavor. Something that struck me tremendously is the type of program project that Ken Breslauer alluded to, a project in which chemists, spectroscopists, computational specialists, and biologists all bring their collective expertise to bear on a single, central problem. I believe that this is a paradigm of how many of us should be approaching the very complex area of DNA damage and the way in which living cells respond in all of their myriad forms to such damage. I also think that this is a perfect paradigm of exactly how a program project should operate. A central theme that Susan and her coorganizers have focused on is the issue of protein-DNA interactions in general and of DNA damage recognition in particular. An overly simplistic view of the topic of protein-DNA interactions might be that all such interactions essentially translate to the ability of proteins to read DNA chemistry; and that the specificity of these interactions is determined by precisely how literate a given protein is. John Kuriyar and Steve Burley have commented that although the DNA comprising the genetic library is a conservative edifice rich in information content but poor in structural variation, the proteins that serve as librarians are not at all predictably dull. I'd like to stick throughout this address to the sort of literacy theme that proteins apparently manifest in the way that they interact with DNA. Some very highly literate proteins can actually read DNA sequence, and among this group are those that are frequently players in scenarios associated with transcription, DNA replication, and possibly other events. Other equally smart proteins can actually read specific alterations in the chemistry of the nitrogenous bases. Many of the DNA repair proteins discussed at this meeting fall into this class, prime examples being the DNA glycosylases and DNA photolyase. There are also what we might perhaps call less-educated proteins, which interact with DNA and apparently can read secondary structure. Some of the zinc finger type proteins and proteins with helix domains are perhaps good examples of this class. And then, at the low end of the educational or literacy spectrum, we have what we might call relatively "stupid"


This paper estimates the wealth effects on consumption in the euro area as a whole. I show that: (i) financial wealth effects are relatively large and statistically significant; (ii) housing wealth effects are virtually nil and not significant; (iii) consumption growth exhibits strong persistence and responds sluggishly to shocks; and (iv) the immediate response of consumption to wealth is substantially different from the long-run wealth effects. By disaggregating financial wealth into its major components, the estimates suggest that wealth effects are particularly large for currency and deposits, and shares and mutual funds. In addition, consumption seems to be very responsive to financial liabilities and mortage loans.


This paper conducts an investigation to find out the best coil design required for the transmitter and receiver side of a wireless power transmission system for low power systems and is done by conducting experiments to evaluate the performance of various coil configurations and coil shapes. The common coil configurations like single strand, flat wire and solenoid were experimented. Similarly the common coil shapes like circular, rectangular and toroid, were also put to study. The range test for each case was done and the values of current and voltage under each distance were observed. Then power transfer efficiency was calculated to analyze the performance of the coil. The single strand circular coil shape came out with higher efficiency than rest of them.


There are no definite data about the atrial electromechanical coupling times (AEMCT) in patients with end stage renal failure (ESRF). The aim of this study was to investigate the AEMCT in ESRF patients without hypertension (HT) and diabetes mellitus.


Mr. A. M. Lesley, the refrigerator man ufacturer, has just perfected another in vention as useful in its sphere as any which he has yet offered to his patrons. He calls it the " Zero Market Basket." In its outward appearance it is a basket, and nothing more, made of firm and sub stantial wicker-work. But on raising the lid we find that the basket contains, or rather is lined with, a galvanized iron box, divided into compartments. One of these contains the ice, and the other may be devoted to meats and other articles of marketing. People living at a distance can send their basket to market and have it returned with its contents of meat, butter gnd other articles kept cool and in good order. The double lid fastens closely, entirely exclud ing dust and flies, and may also be made still more secure by a pad-lock. The following is the testimony of a wellknown citizen: June i, '75Alex. M. Lesley—Dear Sir: I have used your Zero Market Basket during the hot weather with great success, all things keeping perfectly sweet and fresh. J. D. Prince, Banker, 64 Broadway, and Islip, L.I.


Millets have a long-standing history in India, and one can trace their cultivation and consumption to ancient times. This critical review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the history, practices, significance, and diverse applications of millets in India by drawing information from a range of ancient texts. Millets have played a crucial role in India's agriculture and dietary landscape for millennia. However, despite their historical importance, there has been a recent resurgence of interest in millets due to their potential health benefits, climate-resilient nature, and sustainable agricultural practices. The literature on millets is scattered across various historical texts such as Veda, Purana, and Samhita, making it imperative to consolidate this information systematically. The review of historical sources reveals a rich diversity of millets in India, with over 28 distinct species. These include Balbaja, Kangu, Priyangu, Shyamaka, Kodrava, Nivara, Yavanala, Gavedhuka, Chinaka, Uddalaka, Charuka, Chanaka, Venuyava, Varuka, Varaka, Varattika, Todaparani, Madhulika, Nandimukhi, Nala, Nali, Mukunda, Sarabeejam, Shimbira, Nartaka, Prashatika, Ragi, and Kuri. Historical texts provide insights into millet cultivation techniques, traditional practices, and their importance in Indian diets. The consolidation of historical knowledge about millets is essential for understanding their potential as a sustainable and nutritional food source. Further research is needed to explore the mechanistic aspects of their nutritional and ecological significance.


The main aim of designing an adaptive antenna array is to steer the main beam in the directions of the desired signals and steering nulls in the directions of the interfering signals. The adaptive antenna system can provide a greater coverage area for each cell site, higher rejection of interference and cost-down benefit of equipment. The major area of interest in phased and adaptive arrays is their application to problems arising in radar and communication systems, where interference suppression and high reliability is required. Null control in an antenna arrays can be achieved with different techniques such as: Perturbation of elements position, phase control of each element, amplitude control of each element and combination of amplitude and phase controls of each element. The objective function involved in the optimization process for the design of adaptive arrays is complex. The genetic algorithm (GA) emerged as a competent optimization algorithm for a wide range of complex cost functions. The uses of GAs have shown great potential in the solution of complex problems related to the design of antenna optimization and have been an extremely active area of research. This paper presents several applications of GA for adaptive antennas. This paper demonstrates the use of GA to adaptively control antenna characteristics. The example demonstrates that the GA can quickly places nulls in the sidelobes in the directions of the interfering signals by minimizing the total output power. This paper reviews adaptive linear antenna array optimization.


Based on garden landscape design and climate characteristic of Nanning,the author discussed the techniques from anlysis and conceive of passive energy saving garden design in hot summer and warm winter zone.Measures on advancing courtyard garden designs of passive energy saving was also discussed.


A liquid container detachably mountable to a recording apparatus to which a plurality of liquid containers are detachably mountable, wherein the recording apparatus includes apparatus electrical contacts corresponding to the liquid containers, respectively, photoreceptor means for receiving light, and an electric circuit connected with a line which is commonly connected with the apparatus electrical contacts, the liquid container includes a container electrical contact electrically connectable with one of the apparatus contacts; an information storing portion capable of storing at least individual information of the liquid container; a light emitting portion; a controller for controling emission of light of the light emitting portion in response to a correspondence between a signal indicative of individual information supplied through the container electrical contact and the information stored in the information storing means.


designed to identify 17 phylogenetic clusters of diagnostic interest, including species, phylotype or sequevar-specific probes along with control probe . Highlight was given on three ecotypes in the phylotype II: (i) Brown rot trains from sequevars IIB-1 ; (ii) Moko disease-causing srains from sequevars IIB-3 IIB-4, IIA-6 and IIA-24, that cause wilt on banana plantain, and Heliconia; and (iii) new pathogenic variants from sequevar IIB-4NPB that lacks pathogenicity to banana Cavendish but can infect many other plant species, including Cucurbitacae. As a first step, a spotted array glass slide format was chosen for its probe screening capacity, where the 100 best 50mers probes out of more than l 000 were selected on 80 strains for switching to a more convenient microarray format, based on the "Array Tube" technology from Alere Technologies, which allows micro-reactions within a vial. Several advantages to witch to this technology will be presented along with first results. (Resume d'auteur)


This article is an overview of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 654 layer thickness criteria, including the 2011 Tentative Interim Amendment, and potential misinterpretations that could result in failure to recognize the hazard. Potential misinterpretations include allowing excessive floor area coverage, failure to account for layers thicker than the threshold, and failure to account for layers on equipment. The thickness criteria are applied to real‐life example situations, illustrating application of the equations. Practical guidance is provided for establishing an initial housekeeping plan, monitoring accumulation, and documenting compliance for both existing and new installations. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2012


with the statement that chronic Bright's disease was curable by operation, and maintained that renal displacement was one cause of the disease and that fixation of the kidney cured such cases. Later Edebohls advanced the theory that the curative effect of nephropexy was brought about by the resulting adhesive inflammation establishing collateral circulation in the affected organ. A. Pousson had recorded operations performed for various disturbanees due to Briglit's disease. Schmitt points out that all sorts of kidney diseases in this connection have been mixed up and reported as examples of chronic Bright's disease. He asserts that there is no


Topic:Topic: 19. Aggressive Non-Hodgkin lymphoma - Clinical Background: Background: Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common indolent lymphoma in the Western World, accounting for approximately 20-25% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. A subset of patients happened to high-grade transformation (HT) to the more aggressive diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), associated with inferior clinical outcomes. MYC is an oncogene that occupies an important position in proliferation, apoptosis, and regulation of microRNA. Many human neoplasms show unscheduled MYC expression and it is important in pathogenesis of some lymphomas. Several RNA expression studies have identified MYC up-regulation as an important pathway in transformation of FL. Aims: Aims: This study aimed to investigate and quantify MYC expression in a series of FL with subsequent transformation. Furthermore, we tried to identify the role of MYC expression in transformed follicular lymphoma (tFL) and its prognosis value. Methods: Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 414 patients newly diagnosed with FL treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Province Hospital) from June 2009 to April 2021. In addition, we performed RNA sequencing on 6 paired biopsies from 3 patients with FL with subsequent transformation to double-hit lymphoma (DHL). We combined our sequencing data with GSE142334. The dataset GSE142334 and GSE16131 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO). GSE142334 was gene expression profiling in paired tFL. GSE16131 were analyzed by survival data using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results: Results: 414 FL patients were retrospectively analyzed in our study. Among them, 48 cases were stained for MYC in immunohistochemistry with 16 tFL.


A hospital-wide PACS project is currently under development at the University Hospital of Geneva. This system is based on an open architecture regrouping equipment from multiple vendors in a distributed topology. The image archival is organized in multiple locations geographically distributed in the hospital. These regional archives are logically linked together to provide a virtual access to all images generated from different imaging modalities. A standardized image storage format called PAPYRUS was designed based on ACR-NEMA definitions to unify the image storage and display functionalities. The PACS database is also fully integrated with the concurrent RIS and HIS. Images from different archive servers are hierarchically distributed to other temporary storage space on regional display servers. Clusters of workstations are regrouped around these local servers allowing a more efficient access to the images on local subnetworks. Special software tools were designed for the management of image distribution and maintenance of local storage space. In addition to pre- programmed and rule-based distribution of images to regional display servers, special requests can be posted by the users to initiate the transfer of additional image files from the archive servers to their local display server. The design and implementation of the system will be presented and methodological issues will be discussed. Results from preliminary simulations performed prior to the final implementation will be presented and compared to real measurements performed on the system in operation. The advantages and difficulties of implementing a distributed hierarchical storage of images will be reported.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.


Combined with practical work the classification of the late poured band as well as its setting method,and points for attention in construction are introduced.Author points out that with the wide application of late poured band its design,construction and maintenance should be caused more attention by people.


The aim of this study is to determine the effect of laundry industry residues on the level of toxicity, hemoglobin concentration and platelet count. The waste from the laundry industry is explained in Tilapia's pisciculture facilities. This is a completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatments and three repetitions. The treatments P0 (0%) as control, P1 (1%), P2 (2%), P3 (3%), P4 (4%) and P5 (5%). The observations showed the appearance of tilapia mortality at different treatment concentrations. The highest mortality occurred in the P4 treatment (4%) of 7 animals. In addition, there is also a decrease in hemoglobin concentration. The lowest hemoglobin concentration was found in the P2 treatment of 7.05 gr%. In contrast, the waste from laundry industry did not have a significant effect (P> 0.05) on platelet counts. Based on this study, it indicate that the wastage of the laundry industry affects the survival rate and oxygen supply as seen from the reduced level of tilapia hemoglobin.


Here, we report our findings about the effect of 11 two-body mean-motion resonances (MMRs) with Jupiter, on the mobility of an asteroid's semimajor axis caused by the Yarkovsky effect. This study is accomplished using numerical integrations of test particles. The obtained results reveal that MMRs could either speed up or slow down the drift in the semimajor axis. Moreover, this allows us to determine the distribution that represents the best data obtained for time delays dtr caused by the resonances on the mobility of an asteroid. We also found a certain functional relationship that describes dependence of the average time lead/lag ⟨ dtr ⟩ ?> on the strength of the resonance SR and the semimajor axis drift speed da/dt. As the Yarkovsky effect scales as 1 / D ?> , an important consequence of this relationship is that average time lead/lag ⟨ dtr ⟩ ?> is directly proportional to the diameter D of an asteroid.


In the vast majority of the literature on fault trees, information is only provided on the basic events and is described probabilistically. In this paper, we extend this in two ways: we consider information at both basic and non-basic events, and we describe our uncertainties about this information in terms of both probability and Dempster-Shafer evidence theory. We develop these extensions for the AND gate.


Evaluation of interactions between drug-like compounds and molecular targets is critical for drug discovery and toxicity assessment. Using filtered data extracted from the 21st version of the ChEMBL database [1] as a training set and a Bayesian-like method realized in PASS software [2, 3], we developed a computational tool for prediction of interactions between protein targets and drug-like compounds. It allows investigators to narrow the space of opportunities in drug discovery by selection of hits with the high chance of the desirable and little chance of undesirable biological activities. Also, based on PASS Targets prediction, it is possible to identify novel targets for the existing drugs that may be the reason for drug repurposing. In this study, we present PASS online human targets as the novel component of Way2Drug platform Key features of our service lay beyond the possibility to predict hundreds of likely protein targets for the organic chemicals of interest with the reasonable accuracy (Average ROC AUC estimated by leave-one-out cross-validation and 20-fold cross-validation exceeded 90 %). These features will help scientists with the different background to select rationally compounds or targets for them, which will meet their expectations. With the presented tool, we explore the potential targets of known protein kinases inhibitors. Our results indicate some targets for these compounds, which potentially may be related to the adverse reactions and some targets that may provide new indications for this type of therapeutics. The majority of predicted targets were protein kinases including those that were not known as the targets of particular inhibitor previously. These results indicate the need to assess kinase inhibitors against as many kinases as possible to be aware of potential off-targets and beneficial targets besides those that were implied in development initially.


One strategy for designing efficient algorithms is the " divide and conquer " approach, which is also called, more simply, a recursive approach. The analysis of recursive algorithms often produces mathematical equations called recurrence relations. It is the analysis of these equations that produces the bound on the algorithm running time. The divide and conquer strategy has three basic parts. For a given problem of size n, 1. divide: break a problem instance into several smaller instances of the same problem 2. conquer: if a smaller instance is trivial, solve it directly; otherwise, divide again 3. combine: combine the results of smaller instances together into a solution to a larger instance That is, we split a given problem into several smaller instances (usually 2, but sometimes more depending on the problem structure), which are easier to solve, and then combine those smaller solutions together into a solution for the original problem. The goal is to keep dividing until we get the problem down to a small enough size that we can solve it quickly (or trivially). Fundamentally, divide and conquer is a recursive approach, and most divide and conquer algorithms have the following structure: function fun(n) { if n==trivial { solve and return } else { partA = fun(n') partB = fun(n-n') AB = combine(A,B) return AB } } The recursive structure of divide and conquer algorithms makes it useful to model their asymptotic running time T (n) using recurrence relations, which often have the general form T (n) = a T (g[n]) + f (n) , (1) where a is a constant denoting the number of subproblems we break a given instance into, g[n] is a function of n that describes the size of the subproblems, and f (n) is the time required to combine the smaller results / divide the problem into the smaller versions. There are several strategies for solving recurrence relations. We'll cover in this unit: the " unrolling " method and the master 1


Simple Summary Female fertility is an important functional trait in dairy cattle. The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for some fertility traits of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows. The results indicate that a few analyzed traits could be of use in genetic evaluation of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows. Abstract The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for the analyzed fertility traits of Polish Holstein-Friesian primiparous and multiparous cows, as a step toward the incorporation of new traits into routine genetic evaluation. Lactation records of 116,836 Polish Holstein-Friesian cows were studied. The records cover the first three lactations of all cows. The cows, daughters of 2884 sires, were calved from 2006 to 2020. The conception rate for heifers (CRh) and for cows in the second (CR2) and third parity (CR3), the interval from first calving to first insemination (CTFI), the days open (DO), and the interval from first to successful insemination for heifers (FSh) and for cows in second (FS2) and third (FS3) parity were analyzed. The BLUPf90 package and a Bayesian method via Gibbs sampling were used to estimate (co)variance components. In general, all heritabilities were low and ranged from 0.013 (CTFI) to 0.038 (FS2). The heritability of conception rate and interval from first to successful insemination was slightly lower for heifers than for cows. Genetic correlations were moderate to high with two exceptions: correlation of CTFI with CRh (0.033) and with FSh (−0.051). The results indicate that a few analyzed traits could be used in genetic evaluation of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows. It is suggested to complement the selection index with traits for both heifers and cows, such as the interval from first to successful insemination (i.e., FSh, FS2 and FS3), in order to enable effective improvement of female fertility scores in the Polish Holstein-Friesian population.


The use of ultrasonic waves in the medical field is quite advanced, especially in the area of three-dimensional (3D) imaging of the human body and is quite common. Also, in Non-Destructive Testing of metal (for example weld checking), flaw detection with reliable 3D imaging is already in use. In the past 1 -2 years, the construction industry has made significant advances in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) imaging of concrete structures, for finding problems, or irregularities inside, or just for confirming the quality of the construction work. This paper describes the principles of the different types of scan, A Scan, B Scan etc and how the scans can be combined to make 3D images. The advantages of multi head array systems in providing more detail and revealing depth information are shown. This paper will show the advantages of this development and how it can ease workflow.


Aim the study was to assess the causes of maternal mortality and critical states in the region, the social and hygienic characteristics of the patients died and the «near miss», set the main problems of medical care for these women. Materials and methods. An analysis of 145 cases of maternal mortality in the Kemerovo region during the decade (1998 to 2007) and 158 cases of «near miss» with «obstetric» multiple organ failure (2008-2010). Results. Patients «near miss» differed from the dead women during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period significantly less medical and social abnormalities, which in combination with their timely transfer to hospital appropriate level averted death. Conclusion. System analysis of the cases of «close loss» can probably provide deeper information about the issues of service delivery and will find room for improving the health of women.


The invention provides an air conditioner leak detection system and a leak detection method of the air conditioner leak detection system. The air conditioner leak detection system comprises a helium leak detection device and a vacuumizing negative-pressure device. The helium leak detection device is communicated with the vacuumizing negative-pressure device through a pipeline. An air conditioner is placed in the vacuumizing negative-pressure device. The vacuumizing negative-pressure device comprises a leak detection box and an opening and closing door sheet. The opening and closing door sheet is mounted on the leak detection box. The pipeline comprises a leak detection pipe and a breather pipe. One end of the leak detection pipe is mounted on the helium leak detection device. The other end of the leak detection pipe penetrates through the leak detection box and is mounted on the air conditioner. One end of the breather pipe is mounted on the helium leak detection device. The other end of the breather pipe is mounted on the leak detection box. The air conditioner leak detection system and the leak detection method of the air conditioner leak detection system achieve the purposes of reducing staff for improving efficiency, shortening the production cycle and improving the uniformity of product quality.


Economic development and social well-being depend on two vital resources, energy and water, the links between which are both complex and significant: energy production requires large quantities of water, and supplying water requires significant amounts of energy. The analysis of the "water–energy nexus" demands an integrated view of the production and consumption chains of each resource (Marsh, 2008, presents a depiction of the water–energy nexus complexity), focusing on the core operational components, i.e. infrastructure and technologies (Scott et al., 2011). Particularly for the water supply chain, there is a pressing need to map energy demand along the stages, as the energy intensity of each stage depends on the input water quantity and quality. Overall, the stages of the water supply chain tend to become more energy-demanding over time (Schumacher, 2007). Energy intensity can increase with growth in water demand, extraction of water from deeper bores, longer interbasin water transfers, stricter water quality standards, and greater restrictions on wastewater discharge. Despite all this, there are options for improving energy efficiency. For example, as highlighted by the European Innovation Partnership for Water (EIPW, 2015), there is significant potential for increasing energy use efficiency in water supply systems by introducing low-energy technologies in water and wastewater processes and increasing the use or efficiency of renewable resources. ABSTRACT Desalination technology, and reverse osmosis in particular, is used by several island authorities in Greece to address water scarcity. However, this is a highly energy-intensive technique, requiring the consumption of significant quantities of fossil fuels. The case of Syros Island is presented, to demonstrate the strong water–energy link in the operation of desalination plants. The article also discusses the use of renewable energy sources as a means for reducing the energy intensity of desalination.


Artemia nauplii, though deficient in many essential nutrients, are used extensively in fish/shellfish larviculture. Enrichment
using various diets can enhance their nutrient profile to the required level. The present study examines the effects of enrichment
of Artemia nauplii with live microalgae viz., Pavlova viridis, Isochrysis galbana, Nannochloropsis oculata and Dicrateria
inornata. Total length and width, survival percentage and the fatty acid profile of the microalgae enriched and unenriched
nuaplii were estimated at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 h time intervals. No significant increase in total length and width was observed
between the enriched and unenriched Artemia nauplii during the study, indicating the absence of any enrichment diet
induced growth rate of the nauplii. Salinity stress study revealed that the microalgae enriched nauplii can live long in low
saline conditions than the unenriched nauplii. The total PUFA content of the live microalgae enriched nauplii reached maximum
at 7 h post-enrichment followed by a significant drop after 9 h. The results of the study indicated that live microalgae can be
used as excellent enrichment dietary sources for Artemia nauplii, which in turn can provide many of the vital nutrients
essential for fish larviculture.


Intraoperative feedback on tissue function, such as blood volume and oxygenation would be useful to the surgeon in cases where current clinical practice relies on subjective measures, such as identification of ischaemic bowel or tissue viability during anastomosis formation. Also, tissue surface profiling may be used to detect and identify certain pathologies, as well as diagnosing aspects of tissue health such as gut motility. In this paper a dual modality laparoscopic system is presented that combines multispectral reflectance and 3D surface imaging. White light illumination from a xenon source is detected by a laparoscope-mounted fast filter wheel camera to assemble a multispectral image (MSI) cube. Surface shape is then calculated using a spectrally-encoded structured light (SL) pattern detected by the same camera and triangulated using an active stereo technique. Images of porcine small bowel were acquired during open surgery. Tissue reflectance spectra were acquired and blood volume was calculated at each spatial pixel across the bowel wall and mesentery. SL features were segmented and identified using a 'normalised cut' algoritm and the colour vector of each spot. Using the 3D geometry defined by the camera coordinate system the multispectral data could be overlaid onto the surface mesh. Dual MSI and SL imaging has the potential to provide augmented views to the surgeon supplying diagnostic information related to blood supply health and organ function. Future work on this system will include filter optimisation to reduce noise in tissue optical property measurement, and minimise spot identification errors in the SL pattern.


The present invention is a shift-by-relates to a rotary shift actuator for the wire transmission, the rotary shift actuator is disposed towards the second end of the motor and an output lever has a rotating motor shaft as possible around the motor shaft, the transmission shift shaft and with the adapted output head for the connection with, the available torque from the motor shaft includes a gear train for transmitting the output to the head, and the gear train is rotated around the first shaft the first shaft, around the axis 2 a rotatable second shaft, and including a pivotable said output lever around the lever axis, the first shaft of the gear train torque from the motor shaft to the second shaft from the first shaft in, and the claim and further comprising means for transmitting to the output lever from a second shaft Shift in the rotary actuator for the wire transmission, - a shift-by The means for transmitting torque from the first shaft to the second shaft may be formed as a worm gear.


Because the difference of between the material character, there is a biggish error if using the traditional angle contact ball bearing radial rigidity calculating equation directly to calculate the radial rigidity of the angle contact ceramic ball bearing,through the calculated value by using the traditional equation contrasted with the experimental value,a revised hybrid ceramic ball bearing radial rigidity calculating equation is given, then take a kind of bearing manufactured by GMN corporation for example,its verified that the revised value according with the experimental value basically,the error does not beyond 2 percent, so the revised equation is a simple method for calculating the radial rigidity of the angle contact ceramic ball bearing.


Aluminium-incorporated SBA mesoporous materials have been obtained for the first time by direct synthesis; the resulting materials retain the hexagonal order and physical properties of purely siliceous SBA-15 and present higher catalytic activities in the cumene cracking reaction than AlMCM-41 materials.


Abstract
A system has been devised at The Medical College of Virginia to schedule, monitor, and display the status of twenty-four operating rooms. A switch in each room indicates room status. Room status is matched with scheduling information to provide an airport-like display on 16 video monitors placed about the operating room area. Management and medical information is captured by the system.


IT may seem superfluous to say that it is now required to examine a recruit so thoroughly that any abnormality, marked, or slight, will be detected and recorded. One often hears from the laity, and also from some medical men, the criticism that many recruits that would make excellent soldiers are being rejected. It must be remembered that these standards have been set after much thought, based on past experiences, and they have been revised as a result of the knowledge gained by those experiences during and since the last conflict. There are two main reasons for thoroughness. First, that the recruit will be correctly classified, so that you may be confident that he will carry on efficiently in the category in which he may be placed. Second, that you may also be certain that on discharge from the army any disability he may show will have originated on service or have been aggravated by service, in other words, that the tax-burden may not be increased by unwarranted pension payments. When one studies carefully and follows in every detail the directions in that little red book, "Physical Standards and Instructions for the Medical Examination of Recruits", one feels that nothing much more can be added and that thoroughness will be obtained by following these directions with exacting care. As you all know, a recruit may be placed in the following categories:


It is well known that between the Vedic period, and that described in the epic poems, great modifications occurred in the religion and social customs of the Indian people. Since the Epic period, further changes have taken place; so that the orthodox Hinduism, of the present day, differs much from that represented in the Mahābhārata. Religious vicissitudes have also occurred outside the Brahmanic pale. The Buddhist religion has become extinguished in India. Vast numbers of the people, too, have been converted—many of them forcibly—to the faith of Islām. Notwithstanding all this, however, many of the old deities still live. The Nāga rajas are worshipped as demigods; the sun, the cedar, and the serpent are held sacred; and Indra and his Devas have still their worshippers and their temples, as they had in the days described in the Mahābharāta.


Through studying the mobile access technologies and their corresponding railway systems within (China) and around the world, and considering the sufficient use of 450 MHz frequency for the wireless train (dispatch) system in china, the SDR (software-defined radio) technology based wireless mobile access system for railway safety information has been researched and developed. This low-cost, multi-channel system without any new frequency resource can solve the current existing problem of not meeting the demand of high-speed access to various railway safety information due to out-of-date railway wireless access technology in China, In this paper the whole system is described with regard to its basic theory, general framework, hardware architecture and software algorithms such as modulating/demodulating, encoding/decoding, interweaving/de-interweaving, (communication) protocol and network management. The prototype has been developed and tested on the test track. The test results show that this system has a higher transmission rate and lower error code rate, along with other improved capabilities which can be realized through railway mobile access for various information such as data, voice, and image. This system can be easily applied to other frequencies by simply changing the radio frequency process module and related software.


It has been 20 years since the first Floodplain Development Manual was published to guide the management of flood risks in New South Wales. There have been two subsequent versions of the Manual released. While the objectives and general risk management concepts in the Manuals have not substantially changed over this 20 year period, there has been an evolution of management solutions from those with an emphasis on structural engineering to those with an emphasis on non-structural measures, in particular town planning. This evolution has been partly attributed to the realisation that all flood risks cannot be feasibly addressed by engineering solutions and partly due to an increasing rejection of engineering solutions because of environmental impacts.


The application of the UV/H2O2 process to the degradation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in dilute aqueous solution resulted in the generation of tert-butyl formate (TBF), 2-methoxy-2-methyl propionaldehyde (MMP), formaldehyde, acetone, tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), and methyl acetate as primary byproducts. Other intermediates, such as carbonyl compounds (hydroxy-iso-butyraldehyde, hydroxyacetone, pyruvaldehyde) and organic acids (hydroxy-iso-butyric, formic, pyruvic, acetic, oxalic) were also detected and quantified during the irradiation. A good organic carbon balance is obtained throughout the treatment, indicating that almost all of the intermediates have been detected. The TOC pattern shows that eventually all the organic compounds are mineralized. Various analytical techniques, such as GC/MS, GC, IC, HPLC, and TOC analysis, were employed in order to identify and quantify the organic products. The detailed reaction mechanism proposed in this study for the degradation of MTBE by •OH-driven oxidation pr...


Fluid flow and mass transfer in models of fuel rod assemblies of nuclear reactor BREST-OD-300 are analyzed. The models consist of 37 rods spaced from each other by spiral fins. Assemblies have the same step of spacing between rods, but different height of fins and diameter of cylindrical shells. Constructions of this type are offered to be used in cores of fast fission reactors. Pre-test calculations were made. Information about flow structure, mass transfer in turbulent flow of coolant was obtained by methods of computational fluid dynamics. CFDcode STAR-CCM+ was used. According to calculations, characteristics of mass transfer depend on Froude number, pressure drop coefficient depends on Reynolds number and Froude number. It is shown that secondary convection generated by spiral fins is a dominant mechanism of mass transfer. Pressure drop coefficient increases with decreasing fin step; intensity of mass transfer increases with decreasing fin step or with fin height increase. Aerodynamic experiments using models of fuel rod assemblies were performed. Coolant axial velocity, temperature and pressure distributions in the models were obtained. Fluid flow was with Reynolds number from 3 ∙ 10 4 to 6 ∙ 10 4. Pressure drop coefficients were calculated. Data of numerical and physical experiment correspond to each other


The reconstruction of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) is an open problem in the field of computational biology and is essential towards the understanding of complex regulatory mechanisms in cellular systems. Many existing methods exploit gene expression data in order to infer GRNs. GENIE3 is a state of the art method which decomposes the prediction of a regulatory network between p genes into p different regression problems. For each of the p genes it then calculates the feature importance scores of the other genes using tree-based ensemble methods; high scores are then considered indicative of a regulatory link between these two genes to be present. While this method performs very well, it does not take into account that the activity in a GRN is a network of interacting modules; sets of genes co-regulated to respond to different conditions. This article presents BiGENIE, a method which firstly takes into account this modular topology of the network using various biclustering methods and subsequently uses GENIE3 to infer parts of the GRN for each module individually. The BiGENIE method outperforms the GENIE3 method when compared using data sets generated by the GeneNetWeaver tool and shows promising results when compared using the standard benchmarking data sets from the DREAM4 and DREAM5 challenges. Keywords— Biclustering, Machine learning, Gene regulatory network, Feature ranking, Network inference


Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP), which is the main supported protocol for IPv6, has some security issues due to its intuitive trust of every device inside the local area network. Securing NDP becomes an important research area as the Internet is deployed widely in public areas, such as airports, where the trust is not necessary between hosts, which may expose them to attacks. In addition, securing network from inside is necessary, particularly when security hierarchical exist between users. One of the major problems in conducting research on IPv6 security is the absence of a reliable dataset, which is essential in testing and evaluating the proposed solutions. This research develops a reliable dataset of IPv6 NDP by capturing the normal and abnormal behaviors of NDP using specific dependable tools. Reliable dataset helps to understand and distinguish between normal behavior and anomalies in IPv6 NDP.


This article aims to identify how the discourse of health risk is built into Bem Estar television show (TV Globo). For this purpose, television is presented as "an analytic of government", that is, as a resource for acquiring and coordinating techniques to manage different aspects of the viewer's life. The study that also shows how the pastoral power acts in the contemporaneity bases on the concepts of governmentality and cultural technology. The methodology used was one that approaches the forms of address and it is concluded that one of the forms of insertion of the discourse in the Bem Estar is the instructional one: it permeates the whole program and can awaken in some viewers the desire and pleasure to learn as evidenced by Aprendi com o Bem Estar.


Frequency of the prescriptions of Chinese herbal extract remedies by each department and classification of the usages were studied among the prescriptions having been issued during June 1 to 30, 1988, for outpatients and innerpatients at Teikyo University Hospital.Its ratio to the total number of the prescriptions was 3%, of which 30% was of Shosaikoto.It was found that Shosaikoto was used primarily for the treatment of chronic hepatitis.Contents of amino acids, Na and K in frequently used Shosaikoto of different companies were analyzed and the values obtained exhibited variations.


Usually, all the values in a variate (e.g. the plot yields in a field experiment) are recorded to the same degree of precision (e.g. to the nearest ,uth of a kilogram), and that degree of precision is often such that the final digits in the values ought to have a uniform distribution. In practice, however, the expected uniformity can be seriously disturbed. This paper discusses the main causes of such disturbances, and shows how a cause can often be deduced from the pattern of a disturbance. Patterns arising from the reading of scales are considered, instances are examined of different degrees of precision being mixed within a variate, and some final-digit distributions arising from arithmetical rounding are tabulated. Then follow three short detective stories in which explanations are found for seeming oddities in sets of real data. The fields of application touched on throughout the paper include agricultural experimentation, analytical chemistry, anthropometry, beer sales, electrical component manufacture, geography, medical records, meteorology, micrometry, and population statistics.


More than 20 years after the first in vitro amplification of DNA by PCR, this technique is firmly established for diagnostic purposes in many clinical laboratories. PCR technology is an exciting field that has continually advanced. Evolutionary steps have been, for example, the transition from conventional cycling to rapid-cycling (1 ), from post-PCR to real-time product analysis (2 ), and from gel-based to probe-based PCR product identification (3 ) and genotyping with energy transfer probes (4 ). One of the many possible applications of PCR in the clinical laboratory is genotyping. In this issue of Clinical Chemistry, Zhou et al., from Carl Wittwer's group (5 ), contribute another innovation to this field. Their study reports a homogeneous technique based on simultaneous high-resolution melting of a whole PCR product and an unlabeled probe in the presence of saturating fluorescent DNA dye. It appears as the logical continuation of underlying previous work. The use of fluorescence resonance energy transfer probe pairs for genotyping by analysis of the melting curve of a probe covering the mutation site was followed by hundreds of published applications since its first description (4 ). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) under a probe affect probe melting. The degree of destabilization depends on the type of SNP itself and on the bases that lie next to the SNP. By using a nearest-neighbor model, the melting temperatures of matched and mismatched probes can be predicted with sufficient accuracy to allow for rational probe design and assay optimization (6 ). It follows that the shorter a probe is, the higher is its destabilization by a mismatch. Standard derivative melting curves on the LightCycler should have a melting temperature difference ( Tm) 6 °C to allow for sufficient resolution of the underlying alleles. Likewise, it is tempting to generate heteroduplexes after PCR and then melt the whole PCR product without probes to scan for melting transitions caused by mismatches. One would expect only a very small Tm (1 °C or so, depending on the product length and composition) between the melting transitions of a whole PCR product from a wild-type and a mutant sample. If melting data could be acquired at higher resolution, a much smaller Tm would be sufficient to allow genotyping and/or mutation scanning of whole PCR products. Such an instrument (the HR-1) was developed by Wittwer et al. (7 ), and the feasibility of small amplicon genotyping solely by melting analysis was demonstrated. That report (7 ) introduced 2 other novelties: LCGreen was used instead of SYBR green I, and a normalized difference plot was used instead of derivative melting curves. LCGreen showed favorable resolution of heterozygote samples apparently a result of its unbiased redistribution between DNA strands during melting (7, 8). Acquired melting data were presented as normalized difference plots that showed the fluorescence difference between a selected reference sample and the samples of interest. This type of graph had a better sensitivity toward the subtle changes in the melting curve observed during PCR product heteroduplex melting. PCR product melting is also a powerful technique for the detection of previously unknown SNPs, at least when they are present in the heterozygous state (9 ). This is the most relevant situation in daily clinical laboratory routine practice. PCR products up to 1000 bp are accessible to the technique. Other mutation-scanning techniques, including sequencing, typically permit only the processing of 300to 700-bp products. High-resolution melting compares favorably here in terms of reagent cost and throughput. Even homozygous mutations are generally resolved by fluorescence difference plots (7 ). This is an advantage over other mutation-scanning techniques such as denaturing HPLC, which can resolve only heterozygotes. The sensitivity and specificity for mutation scanning are generally 95% (9 ). However, as discussed earlier (10 ), amplicon melting methods generally lack some specificity necessary for genotyping [for example, compare the green and the pink traces in Fig. 3D in Zhou et al. (5 )]. This has now improved as the fluorescence difference plot exploits the shape of the whole melting transition instead of only a Tm readout. Without doubt, high-resolution melting genotyping is particularly applicable to short ( 50 bp) amplicons (11 ). However, with longer products, one would miss the extra confidence imparted by the oligonucleotide probes. In their latest publication, Zhou et al. (5 ) now move from methods for either mutation scanning or genotyping to a combined mutation-scanning and genotyping method. Unlabeled probes are present in the same reaction mixture together with the PCR product and LCGreen DNA dye. Melting curve data are then collected after PCR. The high-resolution fluorescence-difference plot shows the melting of the whole product in the high temperature range [see Fig. 1C in Zhou et al. (5 )]. Depending on the design of the probe, it is possible to zoom in the lower temperature range into area(s) covered by the detection probe(s) [see Fig. 1B in Zhou et al. (5 )]. This method provides reliable genotyping with the familiar probe system, without the need for expensive labeled oligonucleotides, with at least an additional internal control from the whole strand melting, as well as the additional potential to scan the whole PCR product for unknown mutations. On the downside is the need to transfer the sample to a new instrument. The highresolution melting demands excellent temperature control, low ramp rates, and high-resolution analog/digital converters. Where are we now, and where are we going? Results from the latest DGKL/ECAT molecular biology external quality-control scheme, with 800 results for 15 different Editorials


According to biblical-Christian vision there is plurality within God as well as the creatures, as God-willed reflection of his own plurality. Plurality in the world, beginning with our own selves and senses, is to be understood as emerging out of a unity. Dialogue is based on the two poles: unity and plurality. Plurality of human society as well as human cultures and religions is an outcome and reflection of the basic theological truth of Trinity. Without accepting the underlying unity we are unable to launch any project of dialogue or interreligious dialogue. The single economy of salvation is based on the vision of the whole humankind as one family. Whatever God has revealed in the history of salvation has salvific bearing to every human person and even to the whole world. Through dialogue among the religions we seek to find the fuller scope of the salvific truth of God definitively revealed in Jesus Christ. For this each partner of dialogue is demanded and expected to share one's own faith openly and truthfully.


The text-independent speaker recognition system is mainly constituted of three functional modules including speech pretreatment, the feature parameter extraction, and pattern matching judgment. The paper uses the MATLAB software to acquire a design of the system. The feature parameters utilized in this paper are Mel-Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients (MFCC) and their first-order differential characteristics. With the help of the Fisher criterion the number of the dimension of the feature parameters is decreased. Vector Quantization (VQ) model is applied to devise the optimal codebook. The paper suggests some modifications in order to improve the efficiency of the algorithm on the basis of high recognition rate: Fisher ratio of each dimensional parameter is used as weighing coefficient at the distance measurement; an approach to speeding up the search is proposed; Process the empty cell in the procedure of codebook formation. In addition, it discusses a few factors including the training and testing time, the dimension of the codebook, stopping and acceptance thresholds, which have an impact on identification accuracy rate by experimentation.


The shielding technique by active coils is proposed to mitigate the magnetic field produced by a dynamic wireless power transfer (WPT) system for wireless recharging the batteries of in motion electrical vehicles (EVs). Active planar coils mounted in an electrified road with multiple-pads architecture are proposed. The active coils are adequately powered so that the field in surrounding of the electrified road is compliant with reference levels (RLs) of ICNIRP 2010 guideline. The influence of the active shielding system on the performance of the WPT system is also investigated.


–One of the biggest drawbacks of OFDM is its high peak to average power ratio (PAPR). High PAPR of OFDM makes it unusable in non-linear systems. So the clipping signals scheme is one useful and simple method to reduce the PAR. This paper presents a new receive algorithm called MIMO CI-OFDM has been implemented. From the simulation results, it is shown that MIMO SFBC CI-OFDM reduces PAPR significantly compared with the conventional MIMO SFBC-OFDM system. The out-of band re-growth of signal spectrum in MIMO SFBC CI-OFDM system is much smaller than MIMO SFBC OFDM. In the NBI (narrow band interference) channel MIMO SFBC CI-OFDM system achieves considerable BER improvement. KeywordsOrthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, Peak To Average Power Ratio, SFBC CI-OFDM And MIMO SFBC OFDM


Basing on the analysis and comparision of the present representation and retrieval method, this paper points out that the facet classification method is more useful in practice, however, it is ineffective in describing profound domain knowledge. Furthermore, the method of solving synonymous terms is not perfect. Combining the knowledge representaion method of expert system, this paper puts forward a com-ponent library model on the basis of representation of frame. ;;


In this paper a number of distance measures for speaker independent recognition of isolated words are proposed. These distance measures use auto-correlation coefficients alone or autocorrelation and linear predictor coefficients as feature paramaters of the speech samples. One measure used is the measure in discrete l 2 space of linear functionals. Some of the other distance measures used are the "nearest in angle" or the normalized correlation measure and the Mahalanobis distance. Actual evaluation of these distance measures is then performed using a standard 40 word reading test vocabulary spoken by 25 different speakers. All the above measures give good recognition results. The best distance measure has given a recognition rate of 87.3%.


In order to realize the fast, accurate and steady maps created in unknown environment, a new method for the creation of improved fusion map with topological and metric map based on RGB-D sensor is presented. As combining with topological map, local metric map and global metric map, the method maintain the connectivity and support fusion map in the global environment by utilizing the computing power of topological maps. Meanwhile, the irregular obstacles in the environment are described in detail from the ability of metric maps. Finally, the experiment showed the fusion map was established successfully from topological and metric map, which could describe the contour details under the premise of ensuring the computational capacity of the algorithm.


In this paper, nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P) films with high phosphorus content were electroless deposited on commercial high purity Al substrates after various zincate immersion pretreatments. Single, double, and triple zincate immersion pretreatments were performed at room temperature before Ni-P electroless plating. The influence of pretreatments on the corrosion resistance of Ni-P films was analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Tafel curves. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the surface morphologies of zinc films and Ni–P films. The best corrosion resistance performance was observed on Ni-P film pretreated by triple zincate immersion, and this may be principally due to its dense structure.


A study of the shear flow-induced coalescence in a surfactant stabilized, neutrally buoyant emulsion is presented. Evolving drop size distributions are obtained by image analysis. The shear induced coalescence is well described by a population balance model with the coalescence rate taken to be proportional to the Smoluchowski coalescence rate. The coalescence efficiency (ratio of the actual rate to the Smoluchowski rate) is extracted from the experimental data and is found to be independent of drop size. Both theory and experiment show a reduction in the coalescence rate with increasing shear rate. The effect suggests a simple means of stabilizing suspensions during storage.


This paper focus on the hardening precipitation in a 2650 Al(CuMg) aluminium alloy and on its interactions with the aluminium matrix. The study has been carried out using High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) images analysis and simulated images. Two types of precipitation (an homogeneous one and an heterogeneous one) and two types of precipitates (fine needles and S-laths) can be distinguished. A tomographic atom probe analysis of the fine needles reveals a strong copper and magnesium atom enrichment. The lath shaped precipitates can be sorted into two types, each one presenting specific interface morphology and orientation relationship with respect to the matrix.


EXPO Axis and underground complex engineering is one of the permanent building in Shanghai EXPO,and a large quantity of various fair-faced concrete structures are adopted in this engineering.According to different structural characteristics,construction unit adopts different templet systems to carry out construction,such as fiberglass reinforced plastic templet system for round structural column,formed steel templet system for core cylinder and arc-type side hanging plate,and half-frame wooden mold system for straight-line side hanging plate.Construction unit has adopted a series of engineering and technical measures on various aspects,such as templet,steel reinforcement,concrete and protection liquid.Fair-faced concrete fulfill the requirement of acceptance standard established by related party of EXPO Axis.


A S HAS been realized, a chemically defined medium and growth under aseptic conditions are prerequisites both for exacting studies of the nutrition of organisms and for determining the biochemical difference of genetically different strains. Such studies on multicellular animals have been few in comparison to those on other organisms. That Drosophila could be raised in the absence of micro6rganisms was demonstrated early in the century (Delcourt and Guy6not, 1911; Loeb and Northrop, 1915; and Baumberger, 1919), but a chemically defined medium that will support normal and rapid growth is only now being perfected. However, synthetic media which support growth (slow, but otherwise almost normal, development) of Drosophila have been in use in several laboratories (Schultz et al., 1946, etc.; Begg and Robertson, 1948, etc.). Such advance has been made with few other multicellular animals. Much information is available concerning the nutritional requirements of Aedes aegypti (Trager, 1935, etc.), but whole casein is still used


As residents of the European Union, are we aware of what the European Union does for us? Is it possible to become acquainted with the millions of euros that member countries contribute to the EU? This paper uses a top-down approach to explore the subject of the European Cohesion Policy and answers these questions. In the first part, it recapitulates the issue of the cohesion policy of the European Union on a wider scale. In the second part, it outlines, through a case study of the project "EdTWIN", how the budget of the European Cohesion is used for the needs of the citizens. Therefore an evaluation of the project within the cross-border programme Austria-Slovakia has been carried out.


The kritik (spelled "critique" in some other writings) originated in philosophy. In 1991 it was introduced to policy debate as a form of attack that attempts to redirect the focus of debate to whether or not to reject ideas which support or uphold undesirable ideology, language, institutions, or world views. In doing so it inherently rejects the power and worth of fiat. Instead the kritik argues that ideas which will never be implemented are not as important as "real" ideas and impacts. Roger Solt (p.ii) defines a kritik as "an argument operating outside the framework of normal, comparative policy debate, attacking a (usually implicit) assumption of an opponent's analysis.". Shors and Mancuso (p. A-15) write "The Critique rejects many of the assumptions of traditional policy debate, and posits. . . (that) 'Fiat' is a meaningless construct. Affirmative plans are never really implemented, and voting for a plan to gain an advantage is illogical. After all, why vote affirmative if nothing really changes? By implication, therefore, the Critique theory maintains that given that plans are never implemented, it is useless to discuss the benefits of what would happen were plans really to be implemented." Instead, argue the advocates of the kritik, the ideas and words and attitudes in a debate are far more real and of more importance in the lives of the debaters and judge. Kritiks attack the assumptions of debate and/or assumptions about what the debaters are debating about. Kritik thinking is drawn primarily from a small number of noted philosophers. Hegel's works initiate this strain of thought. It has been carried through to Heidegger's more recent work. This German approach holds that the way we think is more important than the end or goal of our thought. Foucault and Derrida are also used as the basis for some kritiks or kritik theory. To be valid in a debate the kritik must be shown relevant, and it must be understandable (Shanahan, p. A-7). A kritik can be introduced by either team. In practice the kritik is almost always introduced by the negative team. The negative, after all, reacts to the affirmative and chooses the ground(s) for its attack. And the almost endless number of possible kritiks plus their usually generic nature makes them easy fodder for a negative team. The kritik argues that there is a harm created by the assumption created or used by the other side. The harm may stem from the resolution or the approach used by the opposition. The kritik attacks as untenable and destructive one of the assumptions behind the opposition's position. While this approach appears similar in intent to a disadvantage it differs in two ways: it looks at core assumptions whereas disadvantages most often look at policy implications, and the kritik tries not to assume the burdens (e.g., uniqueness, threshold) of a disadvantage.


Microprobe studies as well as scanning electron microscopy allowed estimating the morphological and chemical features of monazite and receiving information about its relationship with the rock-forming and ore minerals. The significant variations in the chemical composition of monazite were marked. Different morphological types of its varieties were shown, three main varieties of the mineral were identified.


My purpose was an enquiry into the extent of indigenization of Christianity and of syncretism of native and Christian indigenous traditions. The area covered lies mainly in the District of Mackenzie, though it extended to Old Crow in the Yukon on the west, Banks Island to the north, and Victoria Island to the East. The points visited were: Fort Smith, Fort Resolution, Pine Point, Hay River, Yellowknife, Fort Rae, Fort Providence, Fort Simpson, Inuvik, Aklavik, Old Crow (Yukon Territory), Fort McPherson, Sach's Harbour (Banks Island), Tuktoyaktuk, Coppermine, Cambridge Bay (Victoria Island). The scope of this research was made more manageable by concentrating my purview on missionary perceptions of these processes, though I also recorded personal judgements about the encounter of European or south-


Decrease of the effective coil dimensions 〈r2〉 with increasing polymer volume fraction φ2 has been measured by gel permeation chromatography for polystyrene standards (2 > 1, φ2


Article Info Introduction: Clinical education plays a fundamental role in forming basic skills and professional competencies for operating room and anesthesiology students. Understanding students' perspectives on clinical training can help us improve the quality of their clinical performance in the future. This study was conducted to determine the present status of clinical education from perspectives of operating room and anesthesiology students in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a number of 134 students of operating room and anesthesiology studying in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in 2018 were selected through convenient sampling. A valid and reliable questionnaire which assessed five domains of instructor, environment and facilities, educational programs, dealing with students and supervision and evaluation was applied. Data was analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics, t-test, and chisquare. Results: The mean age of the students was 21.6±1.8. The mean scores of the assessed domains were: educational programs (10.3±4.6), instructor (11.4±3.7), environment and facilities (4.9±2.5), dealing with students (4.2±1.9), supervision and evaluation (2.7±1.6) and self-efficacy (7.6±2.7). 67.9% of the participants reported the quality of clinical education as moderate. There was significant difference between the two groups regarding the educational programs domain (p<0.01). Conclusions: The mean scores of all assessed domains were in average level. In order to improve the situation of clinical education, it is recommended to provide facilities and equipment for clinical environments and revise the tools and process of clinical evaluation. Improving instructors' performance and encouraging professional cooperation could lead to the improvement of clinical education.


OBJECTIVE
To determine whether a full-body spandex garment would alter rectal temperatures of healthy dogs at rest in cool and warm environments.

DESIGN
Prospective study.

ANIMALS
10 healthy dogs.

PROCEDURES
Each dog was evaluated at a low (20 degrees to 25 degrees C [68 degrees to 77 degrees F]) or high (30 degrees to 35 degrees C [86 degrees to 95 degrees F]) ambient temperature while wearing or not wearing a commercially available whole-body spandex garment designed for dogs. Oxygen consumption was measured by placing dogs in a flow-through indirect calorimeter for 90 to 120 minutes. Rectal temperature was measured before dogs were placed in the calorimeter and after they were removed.

RESULTS
Rectal temperature increased significantly more at the higher ambient temperature than at the lower temperature and when dogs were not wearing the garment than when they were wearing it. The specific rate of oxygen consumption was significantly higher at the lower ambient temperature than at the higher temperature.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results suggest that wearing a snug spandex body garment does not increase the possibility that dogs will overheat while in moderate ambient temperatures. Instead, wearing such a garment may enable dogs to better maintain body temperature during moderate heat loading. These results suggest that such garments might be used for purposes such as wound or suture protection without causing dogs to overheat.


Nearly ten years ago, Levine and Mabee 1 called attention to the fact that the use of a type O (Jansky I) subject as a universal donor was not always safe. They presented what was probably the first recognized American case of death from such usage. Another case was presented somewhat later by Freeman and Whitehouse, 2 who discussed the problem under the title "The Dangerous Universal Donor." It had been assumed previously that a so-called universal donor was safe because his corpuscles, without agglutinogens, would not be injured when introduced into the circulation of any blood type. Further, it was thought that his serum would ordinarily not work much harm in the recipient's body because it was believed that its titer was low and that if the donated blood was introduced slowly enough the factor of dilution would prevent untoward results. For some time it has been recognized that


Near-field microscopy has emerged as a powerful tool for investigating the optoelectronic properties of van der Waals crystals on deeply subwavelength length scales. Complementary information may be obtained by interrogating the layered materials with electromagnetic radiation oscillating at vastly different frequencies: In the terahertz spectral range, for example, the polarizability of excitons in transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) heterostructures can be recorded on subcycle timescales–granting access to ultrafast formation dynamics or the exciton Mott transition with nanometer precision. In contrast, visible or near-infrared light propagates through thin van der Waals slabs in the form of waveguide modes (WMs). By resolving interference patterns in maps of the scattered electric field, the anisotropic dielectric tensor of layered materials is retrieved and signatures of strong light-matter coupling in the dispersion of the WMs are revealed. This approach also allows for boosting the potential of 3R-stacked TMDCs for applications in nonlinear optics by quantifying their birefringence, thus providing essential parameters for future phase-matched waveguide second harmonic generation and compact on-chip optical devices in general.


between 2013 and 2018 in England. This resulted in an ASR of 0.31 per 100 000 person-years for males and 0.19 per 100 000 person-years for females. The trend in ASR for the total population in England was relatively stable from 2013 to 2016, followed by a slight decrease in 2017–2018. The highest overall regional ASR from 2013 to 2018 was found in the east of England (ASR 0.54 per 100 000), followed by London (ASR 0.25 per 100 000). The lowest rate was found in the south west of England (ASR 0.14 per 100 000). Incidence increased with age (median age 82 years, interquartile range 74–88). Ethnicity was unknown in 5% of cases. Of those with known ethnicity, 96% were white. The most commonly affected sites were lower limbs (35.4%), followed by the face (16.0%). This is the largest ever reported series of PC. PC is rare and comparable data are limited. The regional variation identified in our data was unexpected. This may represent discrepancy in confirming a histological diagnosis due to a lack of reliable molecular markers with variable use and interpretation of these. The difference could also be due to data flow artefact, caused by some laboratories being better at sending data than others. Climate and ethnicity differences between the English regions seem unlikely to be sufficient to result in variation of this magnitude. Overall, the data highlight the importance of consistency in use and interpretation of immunohistochemical molecular markers. The regional variation in PC warrants further study in England and elsewhere.


Introduction: The objective of the analysis was to determine the epidemiology of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in neurosurgical patients, paying special attention to two time points, 2003 and 2017, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of a surveillance program introduced in 2003 and efforts to reduce infection rates. Materials and methods: Continuous surveillance during 2003–2017 carried out using the HAI-Net methodology allowed us to detect 476 cases of HAIs among 10,332 patients staying in a 42-bed neurosurgery unit. The intervention in this before–after study (2003–2017) comprised standardized HAI surveillance with regular analysis and feedback. Results: The HAI incidence during the whole study was 4.6%. Surgical site infections (SSIs) accounted for 33% of all HAIs with an incidence rate of 1.5%. The remaining infections were pneumonia (1.1%) and bloodstream infections (0.9%). The highest SSI incidence concerned spinal fusion (FUSN, 2.2%), craniotomy (1.9%), and ventricular shunt (5.1%) while the associated total HAI incidence rates were 4.1%, 8.0%, and 18.6%, respectively. A significant reduction was found in HAI incidence between 2003 and 2017 in regard to the most common surgery types: laminectomy (4.5% vs. 0.8%); FUSN (11.8% vs. 0.8%); and craniotomy (10.1% vs. 0.4%). Significant changes were also achieved in selected elements of the unit's work: pre-hospitalization duration, hospital stay, and surgery length reductions. Simultaneously, the general condition of patients became significantly worse: there was an increase in patients' age and decreases in their general condition as expressed by ASA scores (The American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification system). Conclusions: HAI epidemiology changed substantially during the study period. Among the main types of HAI, SSIs were slightly predominant, but non-surgical HAIs accounted for almost two thirds of all infections; this indicates the need for surveillance of infection types other than SSIs in surgical patients. The implementation of active surveillance based on regular analysis and feedback led to a significant reduction in HAI incidence.


: The present work aims to contribute to the characterization of Brazilian grammar of the beginning of the 20th century. Our hypothesis is that the grammar, in this period, loses the centrality in the discussions about the Portuguese that it had until then and becomes a type of publication with a more school bias. In this new scenario, the more in-depth discussions, aimed at specialists, in pairs, seem to move to works of a monographic character, which are increa-singly published. For this endeavor, we carried out a specific study using two grammars by Said Ali, Secundaria (1923) and Historica (1931). In theoretical--methodological terms, we use the assumptions present in Swiggers (2004).