Glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP) composite is considered to be an alternative to heavy exortic materials. Accordingly, the need for accurate machining of composites has increased enormously. During machining, the reduction of delamination and obtaining good surface roughness is an important aspect. The present investigation deals with the study and development of a surface roughness and delamination prediction model for the machining of GFRP plate using mathematical model and artificial neural network (ANN) multi objective technique. The mathematical model is developed using RSM in order to study main and interaction effects of machining parameters. The competence of the developed model is verified by using coefficient of determination and residual analysis. ANN models have been developed to predict the surface roughness and delamination on machining GFRP components within the range of variables studied. Predicted values of surface roughness and delamination by both models are compared with the experimental values. The results of the prediction models are quite close with experiment values. The influences of different parameters in machining GFRP composite have been analyzed.


The effects of heat treatment temperature on the charging discharging performance of graphite materials and the reason have been studied. One kind of petroleum coke and one kind of needle coke were graphitized at different maximum heat treatment temperature ( t max are 2 000, 2 250, 2 500, 2 750, 3 000 ℃). The crystallite parameters of this graphitized products were studied by X ray diffraction and Raman spectrums. The capacity and the reversibility of electrochemical intercalation deintercalation of lithium into this graphitized products were studied by galvanostatic method and in situ X ray diffraction. The results show that the appropriate heat treatment temperature must be considered in order to get the materials with the best electrochemical performance, and t max depends on precursor cokes. We find that the degree of graphitized can′t be too high and a small quantity of sp 3 bond must exist to connect the carbon plans together and to avoid the exfoliation of graphite microcrystallites during charging and discharging. [


ABSTRACT Long-term changes in the crustacean zooplankton community (calanoid and cyclopoid copepods and cladocerans) were studied in Lake Donghu, a shallow and eutrophic Chinese lake. This lake had been earlier stocked with two pump Alter-feeding fishes, silver carp (Hypopthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis). During the 1950s and the mid- 1980s, the ratio of copepods to cladocerans was relatively stable but showed a general increase thereafter. From the early-1980s to the 1990s. calanoid/cyclopoid ratios decreased obviously. In the 1990s. Cyclops vicinus, Diaphanosoma brachyurum, and Moina micrura were dominant; the abundance of C. vicinus and M. micrura increased significantly; and D. brachyurum showed a substantial decrease. The study shows that under extremely high pressure of fish predation, the species which could recover rapidly from fish predation would be the most likely to survive and increase their numbers.


Planar entrance and exit design is an important part of urban expressway.The minimum separation distance between a pair of entrance and exit are influenced by many factors and has big impact on the safety and efficiency of an expressway.By reviewing the existing computational methods for the designing minimum separation distance,this study evaluated four different designs of entrance and exit and developed a new computational method for planar expressway's entrance and exit.Using expressway's number of lanes and traffic volume,and volumes on entrance,exit,and service road as input,the methods gives the minimum separation distance based on the given level of service.This method can provide the most scientific value for the minimum distance between a pair of entrance and exit of expressway by comprehensively considering several influential elements.


Comparative study of different background subtraction methods has been performed. A criterion for quantitative comparison of different algorithms has been introduced. Based on this criterion, performance of different algorithms has been tested for scenarios with relatively smooth ground surface and very rough one. Optimal algorithms for each type of surfaces have been determined. Different ground bounce removal techniques influence GPR imaging. This dependency has been evaluated, after focusing, by means of the ratio between signal energy and remaining clutter. A very exigent scenario has served to this end.


According to TanDEM-X satellite program,this paper studies interferometric capabilities of TanDEM-X mission during an orbit period and tries to get the change of relative height error in a global scope.Firstly,based on HILL-equation of the helix formation,effective baseline,including the range and azimuth effective baseline,which has a great impact on interferometry is analyzed in detail during an orbit period.Then the influence of baseline decorrelation imposing on interferometric phase error is discussed detailedly,which is the most important influence on relative height error.At last relative height model is established and relative height error or TanDEM-X system is presented further.The computer simulating result shows the validity of analysis.


We study the four great classics of traditional Chinese medicine and make a scientific definition of them. We conclude that Huangdineijing,Nanjing,Shanghanzabinglun and Shennongbencaojing are the four great classics of traditional Chinese medicine. Warm disease and Bencaogangmu should not be regarded as the four great classics of traditional Chinese medicine.


In this paper, a calculation procedure is presented to estimate the heat transfer coefficients of a single spool gas turbine designed to generate 5 kN of thrust. These heat transfer coefficients are the boundary conditions which govern the heat interaction between the solid parts and the working fluid in the gas turbine. However, the calculation of these heat transfer coefficients is not a trivial task, since it depends on complex fluid flow conditions. Empirical correlations and assumptions have been used to find convective heat transfer coefficients over most components, including stator vanes, rotor blades, disc faces, and disc platforms. After defining the heat transfer coefficients, the finite element method was used to determine the temperature distribution in one eighth section of the gas turbine making use of the problem cyclic symmetry. Both static and rotating assemblies have been modeled. The results allowed the prediction of the thermal expansion behavior of the whole single spool gas turbine with special attention to the safety margin of clearances. Furthermore, having the temperature distribution defined, it is possible to calculate the thermal stresses in any mechanical component. Additionally, it is possible to specify suitable metallic alloys for achieving appropriate performance in every case. The structural integrity of all components was then assured with the temperature distribution and thermal expansion behavior under knowledge. Thus, the mechanical drawings could be released to manufacturing.


PURPOSE: A rotor of vibration motor for a cellular phone is provided to increase strength of the rotor even though a counter weight is enlarged in size and entire size of the rotor is maintained constantly, thereby improving its performance. CONSTITUTION: A rotor of vibration motor for cellular phone is formed by an injection molding, and has an injection-molded coil(57) on its one side and an injection-molded counter weight(1) on its other side. An end portion(2) is formed on the outer circumference of the injection-molded counter weight. With a shape of the end portion of the counter weight, a reinforcement portion is formed on the rotor by the corresponding shape of the end portion upon injection molding. The reinforcement portion allows the rotor supporting the counter weight to be strengthened. The dimension of the end portion is determined such that the strength of the rotor is maximized without affecting vibrating amount of the count weight.


The aim of the study was to select wheat-Aegilops biuncialis addition lines carrying Aegilops biuncialis chromosomes differing from those which were introgressed into the wheat-Ae. biuncialis addition lines produced earlier in Martonvasar, Hungary. In the course of the experiments new wheat-Ae. biuncialis addition lines carrying chromosomes 2Ub, 6Mb, 6Ub; 5Ub, 3Ub, 7Ub; 5Mb, 6Mb and 7Mb were selected. The 2Ub disomic addition line is relatively stable, as 91% of the progenies contain this chromosome pair. The 6Mb disomic addition line proved to be dwarf and sterile, but it still exists as a monosomic addition line. Progenies analysed from the 6Ub monosomic addition line did not carry the 6Ub chromosome. One plant containing the 5Ub, 3Ub and 7Ub chromosomes and one plant carrying 5Mb, 6Mb and 7Mb chromosomes showed very low fertility. Each of the plants produced a single seed, but seeds of the parent plants are still available. Line No. 49/00 carried a submetacentric Ae. biuncialis chromosome pair and the chromosome number 44 has been constant for several generations. After FISH no hybridisation site was observed on the Ae. biuncialis chromosome pair using the pSc119.2 and Afa family repetitive DNA probes, so it was not possible to identify the Ae. biuncialis chromosome pair. However, the use of wheat SSR markers and the (GAA)n microsatellite DNA probe allowed it to be characterised more accurately. These new lines facilitate gene transfer from Ae. biuncialis into cultivated wheat and the selection of U and M genome-specific wheat SSR markers.


In today's classified networks, system health and availability are crucial to support the mission needs of the US Government. Inclusion of sensing appliances into these sensitive networks has been a priority for several years to achieve the situational awareness of the network. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how an encryptor at the network boundaries enhanced with Deep Packet Inspection sensing can aid in understanding the system's health. General Dynamics has investigated advantages and methods for high speed content monitoring within future enhanced sensing encryptors. We will show that these encryptors and their unique place within the architecture provide valuable insight in the present operation of the network.


A rheumatologist picks 5 studies he found particularly noteworthy at EULAR and gets right to the point about their potential clinical implications.


The purpose of this study was to find out how the application of social capital-based strategies to the Penglatan LPD. The analytical method used is qualitative descriptive approach, where social capital-based strategies in which focus on the external environment which includes relating to social networks, norms and beliefs are built to determine decision making in creating competitive advantage. In this study The selected informants included Head of Penglatan LPD, Employee of Penglatan LPD and Adat Bendesa of Penglatan Village


nourishment which Love has prepared. The sacrament is thus not only a type or foretaste of that heavenly feast, but a participation in it, and the means by which the unworthy are being made worthy as they accept God's grace and obey the present command to 'sit and eat'. Any poem composed in the present tense will inevitably contain an element of ambiguity, as the present of any poem remains eternally 'present' to all readers at all times. In the poems discussed here, an important further dimension is given to the time element by reference to the specifically Christian liturgical and sacramental context within which it operates. My intention has been to show that the blurring of the time focus in these poems is directly related to Herbert's liturgical philosophy with respect to time and eternity.


The problem of the generation of stable (quasi-stable) 3+1D light bullets in nonlinear media is addressed. We consider a medium with a two-component relaxing cubic nonlinearity, and non-relaxing quintic one. It is shown that a special adjustment of the pulse duration and the parameters of the two-component relaxing nonlinearity enables one not only to suppress distortions of the temporal pulse envelope and self-induced frequency shift, but to suppress a destructive effect of the azimuthal instability of vortex pulsed beams as well.


SIGGRAPH is the world's largest marketplace of computer graphics and interactive techniques, and in 2003, the SIGGRAPH annual conference series turns 30. From its modest beginnings in the dormitories of the University of Colorado to the grandest convention halls from coast to coast, SIGGRAPH conferences have connected hundreds of thousands of people who share passions in computer graphics and interactive techniques.ference attendees have an opportunity to exchange ideas and opinions, and admire excellence on a yearly basis. COURSES Learn how to apply the fundamental principles and advanced research in computer graphics and interactive techniques. In SIGGRAPH 2003 Courses, the world's leading experts present full-day, half-day, and two-hour instructional sessions on topics that enhance knowledge, improve skills, and generate new ideas and opportunities. PAPERS Contemplate the most advanced mathematics, science, solutions, applications, and intellectual adventures in the worldwide computer graphics community. An international jury of specialists applies rigorous criteria in selecting SIGGRAPH 2003 papers for presentation and publication. In addition to work that extends knowledge in traditional SIG-GRAPH topics, this year's jury is looking for papers that overlap with computer graphics, in areas such as computer vision, cognitive and behavioral modeling, comput-and novel applications of graphics.


The complete nucleotide sequence of the neuraminidase (NA) gene of influenza virus A/Chile/1/83 (H1N1) has been determined after reverse transcription and cloning into the plasmid pAT 153/PvuII/8. The gene is 1461 nucleotides long and codes for a protein of 470 amino acids. The overall nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence of the A/Chile/1/83 NA exhibits a high homology with other N1 neuraminidases. Hyper-variable regions concerning A to G exchanges are discussed.


The guidelines for the intended use of dental lasers released by the United States Food and Drug Administration includes "coagulation of extraction sites". Carbon dioxide lasers is one of the laser technologies recommended for this treatment. However, there are virtually no reports of the biological basic research on carbon dioxide lasers. In this paper, the authors describe some of the biological basic research conducted to elucidate the effects of carbon dioxide laser therapy after tooth extraction on wound healing in the extraction socket, and report the effects on the specific formation of new bone and the cicatrization of the extraction socket mucosa in particular.


In this paper,the application of artificial magnetic conductor(AMC)based absorbing material to microstrip antenna is investigated.Simple analytical formulas for the input impedance of AMC RAM are presented and,samples of AMC based absorber are fabricated.The relationship between the reflection phase of AMC and the reflection coefficient of RAM is analyzed.This ultra-thin AMC RAM is applied to microstrip antenna,and the measured results show that the structural RCS of antenna is reduced effectively and the radiation performance of antenna is kept,with the gain decrease by 0.9 dB.


Objectives of the study carried out under the request of the Office of Family Planning and population are collecting data on refugees and migrants, assessing their social and health needs, mapping health care providers and formulating recommendations to ensure equitable and affordable access to quality health services. The methodology has combined qualitative and quantitative research and focus group discussion scattered over the country, NGOs, ministries, and desk review.
 Results shown several gaps in relation to access to health care by refugees and migrants including: NGOs provide 55% of servicesVulnerability is increased by lack of official documents for residency and work permitLack of response of public and private providersCultural and linguistic barriersXenophobic and racist attitudes of both population and health care providers
 Based on gap analysis and inputs from several focus groups several recommendations were made to improve access of refugees and migrants to quality health care including the need: to fill the legal vacuum on refuge and migrationto establish an independent public authority on migrationto establish with support from civil society organizations a space for dialogue and communication with refugees and migrantsto improve health system responsiveness to refugees and migrants.
 As the issue of migrant's access to quality health care is multi-dimensional there is a need to establish inter sectoral task force involving concerned line ministries (i.e health, interior, migration, social affairs, etc..) national and international civil society organizations and concerned United Nations agencies.
 The objectives of the paper are to: Map the social, economic and health conditions of refugees and migrants in TunisiaTo assess gaps of health services access of refugees and migrantsTo advocate a right base approach to health of refugees and migrants in Tunisia.


Russia's nuclear deterrent remains an important component of its national security policy and of its military strategy. The significance of Russian nuclear forces has changed since the end of the C...


ObjectiveTo establish a high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) method for the determination of cyclosporin A(CsA) in aqueous humor of rabbit who had been dripped into eyes with 2.0% cyclosporin eyedrop. MethodsCyclosporin A(CsA) was separated on a Waters C_(18) column at 55,214 nm.The mobile phase was acetonitrile-methanol-water(552520),the flow rate was at 0.8 ml/min. ResultsThe linear range was 10-150 ng/ml and the detection limit was 10 ng/ml,the average recovery of 99.81%(n=5) and the within-day RSD and inter-day RSD were less than 8%. ConclusionThe method is convenience,sensitivity,rapidity,good stability and low oven temperature,It is suitable for determination of cyclosporin A(CsA) in aqueous humor.


As technologies of potential clinical importance emerge, clinicians and scientists may be placed under pressure to practise them before they have undergone full evaluation. The storage of ovarian or testicular tissues are examples of technologies that could be considered by patients, or in the case of minors their parents, when desperate to retain fertility potential under threat by treatment for other diseases, particularly cancer therapies. A number of issues are raised by such requests and in considering good clinical practice, a background discussion about the storage of ovarian and testicular tissues is warranted. In this article, only the main background issues are given. More detailed discussions may be found in a number of recent publications (Nugent et al., 1997; Oktay et al., 1998a; Gosden et al., 1999).


We have developed a novel two-step ring-expansion strategy for expeditious synthesis of all ring sizes of synthetically challenging (hetero)aryl-fused medium-sized lactams from readily available 5–8-membered cyclic ketones. This step-economic approach is featured by a unique remote radical (hetero)aryl migration from C to N under visible-light conditions. Broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, high efficiency, and mild reaction conditions make this protocol very attractive. In addition, this method also provides expedient access to 1315-membered macrolactams upon further one-step manipulation. Mechanistic study indicated that the reaction involved amidyl radical and was promoted by acid. Medium-sized lactams (8–11-membered rings) are found in a wide range of natural products and molecules of biological significance, such as decursivine, lyngbyatoxin, rhazinilam, and other biologically active compounds (Scheme 1). Nevertheless, efficient access to such skeletons remains a challenging topic due to unfavourable transannular interactions and entropic/enthalpic reasons. The ring expansion strategy dispenses with the highdilution technique commonly required for a direct head-to-tail cyclization strategy and is also more flexible for accessing a full range of ring sizes compared with a cycloaddition strategy. Thus, the development of such ring expansion methods has been thriving for decades. Scheme 1. Biologically active medium-sized lactams. Among others, ketone has served as an excellent platform for developing several types of practical ring-expansion methodologies toward medium-sized lactams. The first type encompasses the classic Beckmann rearrangement, Schmidt rearrangement and bicyclic oxaziridine rearrangement as well as their variants, in which one nitrogen atom is inserted aside the ketone carbonyl group (N+1 expansion, Scheme 2a). These reactions feature short synthetic steps (1 to 2 steps) while suffering from the difficulty in preparing the ketone starting material, which itself has a medium-sized ring. As a result, such reactions typically find applications in preparation of 7-membered or smaller lactams. The second type includes a number of protocols relying on a common mechanism: intramolecular nucleophilic addition of N-nucleophile to ketone followed by a retro-aldol type reaction (N+2, N+3, and N+4 expansion, Scheme 2b). 6b, 6i] The third type is based on tandem nucleophilic addition and oxy-2-azonia-Cope rearrangement (N+4 expansion, Scheme 2c). Both of these two types of expansion methodologies are capable of inserting multiple atoms and thus are amenable to practical preparation of a broad scope of lactams (typically 9-membered and larger). Nonetheless, compared with the first type, these two normally require multi-step preparation of expansion substrates from cyclic ketones. Besides, all these three types of methodologies fail to provide a practically efficient route toward 8-membered lactams, which have raised recent synthetic interests. With our continuing efforts in developing radicalinitiated skeletal reorganization for the construction of carboand heterocyclic systems, we herein report a general and efficient two-step N+3 ring-expansion strategy for convenient access to all ring members of medium-sized, i.e., 8–11-membered, lactams from readily available cyclic (hetero)aryl ketones under mild visible-light conditions (Scheme 2d) via a rare remote radical (hetero)aryl migration from C to N. On this basis, we have also developed a N+4 ring-expansion strategy leading to 13–15membered macrolactams upon further one-step manipulation. We started our investigation by finding that treatment of 1A (Table 1, R = H, R = m-CF3, n = 1), readily prepared from Scheme 2. Ring-expansion strategies for synthesis of medium-sized lactams from ketone. [a] N. Wang, Z. Li, Y.-L. Guo, Prof. Dr. X.-Y. Liu* Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Website: http://liuxy.chem.sustc.edu.cn/ N. Wang, Prof. Dr. Z. Guo College of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, 030024, China Dr. Q.-S. Gu, Dr. Z.-L. Li Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China. [+] These authors contribute equally to this work. Supporting information for this article is given via a link at the end of the document. 10.1002/anie.201808890 A cc ep te d M an us cr ip t Angewandte Chemie International Edition This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The World Trade Organization (hereinafter "WTO") members' right to adopt measures to achieve certain nontrade objectives, notwithstanding any other provisions of WTO agreements, is well entrenched in the WTO legal system. These objectives, listed as general exceptions, have been a matter of contestation in several WTO disputes. One such exception that has found increased use in recent times is the adoption of measures to protect "public morals". This paper attempts to analyse the scope and meaning of the public moral exception in the WTO context with specific reference to the evolving jurisprudence of the WTO, and its implication on the practices of WTO member States. The paper shall look at the evolving jurisprudence and the regulatory discretion as interpreted by the WTO panels and the Appellate Body (hereinafter "AB"). The paper finds that the WTO adjudicating bodies have taken a more lenient approach while interpreting the public moral exception and have shown deference to Members' own determinations rather than imposing their own version of what constitute "public moral" in a given context. The Panel/AB's show of deference towards national determination and the broadening of the scope of the public morals exception, however, have been balanced by a tightened necessity test. Although, this may have adverse implications on the use/abuse of the general exceptions.


Let D be a Jordan domain in (?), and D* = (?)\(?) the exterior of D. This paper proves the following three results: (1) D is a quasidisk if and only if both D and D* are weakly quasiconvex domains; (2) D is a quasidisk if and only if both D and D* are weakly Cigar domains; (3) D is a quasidisk if and only if D is a weakly uniform domain.


Impacts of modulated acoustic phonons on electron transport in a free-standing cylindrical semiconductor nanowire are theoretically studied. We formulate the electron scattering rate and mobility limited by the intra-valley acoustic phonon scattering mechanism, using bulk and modulated acoustic phonons in a [001]-directed Si nanowire. The scattering rate calculated using modulated acoustic phonons is larger than that with bulk phonons, and therefore the mobility is smaller when modulated acoustic phonons are incorporated. These results are attributed to an increase of the form factor due to acoustic phonon modulation. The form factor increase has a universality independent of wire material and radius.


Growth strata are used to recover high-resolution incremental deformation rates in syntectonic strata. The synsedimentary strata preserve the interaction between uplift and sedimentation and require deconvolution of deformational and depositional processes. We used magnetostratigraphy and biostratigraphy to determine absolute time and to calibrate rock magnetic-based cyclostratigraphy for three regional Paleogene structures near the South Pyrenean mountain front. Incremental folding or fault slip rates were determined for each structure. At Sant Llorenç de Morunys, a fault-propagation fold records uncoupled deformation and depositional rates and folding rates of 0 to 100 degrees/myr, which resulted from thrusting rates of 115-255 m/myr over 3 myr. At Pico del Aguila, the décollement anticline developed for 5.23 myr and records variations in folding rate of 0 to 95 degrees/myr as a result of episodic thrusting in the fold's core. Near Sos del Rey Católico, the Peña duplex records the growth of a thrust-related anticline that delineates the southwestern mountain front. Shallowing of the growth strata up-section was related to slip on a mountain front backthrust where deformation and deposition were coupled. Folding rates calculated from the growth strata at the resolution of the polarity chrons (0.42-2.5 myr), varies from 4 to 13 degrees/myr over 10 myr. At each location, our metronome was cyclostratigraphy related to magnetic-mineral concentration variations in the growth strata that were modulated by astronomically forced climate changes. Each fault related-fold recorded episodic deformation at 104 years time scales accompanying depositional rate variations. The marine and continental growth deposits had order of magnitude difference in accumulation rate variability depending on facies and accommodation space development.


Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is proposed as an effective way to reduce anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) from the combustion of fossil fuels, in which CO2 capture or separation is an important ...


The communication that we propose is based on the quality of the care of the teaching of transversal matter in the higher education (university) and the impact of e-learning on this issue which is crucial with regard to the teachings fluidity as well as the effect on the quality of the latter. We will try to show the interconnections between these two aspects and the effects brought by the Technologies of Information and Communication (TIC) tools and techniques; and e-learning platforms in favor of the good teaching practices and the teachings governance improvement.


The hydrogeologic environment of hazardous waste disposal sites constitutes an important second line of protection from potential leachate migration. Site suitability factors include seismicity, topography, climate, soil characteristics, depth to water table, hydraulic conductivity and gradient of underlying aquifers, nature of fractured bedrock, lineament analysis, thickness and homogeneity of bedrock, ground distance to known faults, location of local recharge and discharge areas and water quality. Regional and subregional analysis of hydrogeologic suitability factors included review of available data, field reconnaissance, water chemistry analysis, and digital image enhancement of Landsat multi-spectral scanner imagery for lineation patterns. Three regions in Montana were identified and ranked according to their hydrogeologic suitability for hazardous waste disposal. Area One, the Sumatra-Ingomar area in eastern Montana appears to be hydrogeologically most suitable to host a hazardous waste disposal site. It is underlain by the Late Cretaceous Bearpaw Shale. The Bearpaw Shale is a predominately dark gray bentonitic shale, which yields small quantities of water unfit for domestic consumption and is not a potential aquifer. Area Two, the Roundup-Winnett area and Area Three, the Denton-Lewistown Area appear to contain some marginally suitable areas to host sites. These areas are underlain by Cretaceous Colorado Group which is typically unfavorable as a source of groundwater with the exception of its lowest sandstone member. RECONNAISSANCE INVESTIGATION OF THREE AREAS IN MONTANA FOR HYDROGEOLOGIC SUITABILITY TO HOST A HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL FACILITY by Alice Roberta Stanley A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Earth Sciences MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Bozeman, Montana March 1988


Alan Richardson is surely right, when he says that the patristic or pre-critical view of the Bible is no more an option open for us today than Ptolemaic cosmology has been since Copernicus. Repetitions in the Pentateuch are more simply explained by a hypothesis of sources than by such implausible harmonizations as two wives for Adam. The alleged advantage of being able to attach the books to well known characters like Moses, Joshua, Samuel, Jeremiah and Ezra, was in fact illusory, because the life of Jeremiah does not illuminate the very different Books of Kings and Lamentations. Helen Gardner in a well-known passage stated the dissatisfaction with source criticism in general literature as a "dissatisfaction with a criticism which seemed to be always discussing something other than the work: its sources, or the author's life, or social and political history as reflected in it ".Keywords: Alan Richardson; Bible; criticism; Moses; Pentateuch


Despite the Sioux's annihilation of Custer and the Seventh Cavalry on the banks of the Little Big Horn and the Zulu's victory over the nascent South African army at Isandhlwana, the two battles, Gump argues, effectively represented the 'closing' of the frontiers in which Western imperialism gained hegemony over two aggressive, expansive pre-industrial societies. They were pyrrhic victories, only prolonging the ultimate subjugation of the Zulu and Sioux and making a place for them as 'noble savages' in popular myth and culture. In both cases Gump places the collaborators and agents of empire in the broader context of global political, economic and ecological transformations. Gump convincingly demonstrates that, just as there were agents of empire and collaborators, the Zulu or Sioux pursued their own political and economic interests, often from positions of considerable strength. Finally, subjugation is followed by internal divisions and the Zulus are forced to KwaZulu as migrant labourers and the Sioux find themselves marginalised and forgotten on Pine Ridge. Historians of either society will find little new in Gump's work, but the numerous and striking similarities in the two cases are certainly worth noting. The comparison of ecological change, such as the subsistence crises that the Zulu and Sioux each faced during the 1870s, for instance, is a highlight. Similarities on the side of the British and Americans also emerge which, at times, receive relatively little analytic treatment. For example, the consistent underestimation of the military might of the Sioux and Zulu by Seventh Cavalry and the British contingent at Rourke's Drift, respectively, and the military blunders by each imperial force are mentioned fleetingly (p. 26). To concentrate on the similarities, as Gump does, also misses some quite profound differences. True, both the Sioux and the Zulu were expansive, pre-industrial societies, but one (the Sioux) was semi-nomadic, existing on buffalo hunting, whereas the other was pastoralist. Consideration of other differences, as in demographics, social structure and the imperial power's perception of the indigenous inhabitants, would have strengthened the analytical content of the investigation. This brings to the fore the problematic in comparative history, making sense of both the similarities and the differences. But here Gump is not alone. The works of G. Fredrickson and others, appearing in the early 1970s, comparing white supremacy and segregation in South Africa and the United States, have all been problematic to some degree for this reason. More recently the edited work on comparative 'frontier' history by H. Lamar and L. Thompson, using the same two cases, improved on the previous approaches. Suffering from the criticism of limited analysis and parallel description, few works in this vein have since emerged. Although Gump does not necessarily provide a new analytic paradigm, if The Dust rose like Smoke renews interest in comparative history one cannot help thinking more and new cases would strengthen the field. The comparative histories of Australia, Mexico, Canada, Brazil and others should not be ignored. These too might strengthen Gump's final argument.


The AWACS detection effectiveness cruising along racetrack is researched. Based on fundamental method of SEA, the problem of detection effectiveness of AWACS cruising along racetrack is described, with the proposition of cruising along racetrack model and MOP aggregation under this battle environment and battle mode, and the emphasis on investigating the system mapping model of MOP, which includes AWACS detection probability model and average covering time model under relative coordinate system. Researching method for mission mapping model of MOP is also pointed out. AWACS detection effectiveness cruising along racetrack is analyzed with the method of SEA. Validity of the model is illustrated by an example.


Potato scab is prevalent in all potato-growing areas of Jeju Island and causes economically significant losses. Streptomyces species are known as pathogens of potato scab. In this study, we analyzed the 16S rRNA sequences of Streptomyces spp, which are isolated from potato scab lesions in Jeju Island, and constructed 16S rRNA phylogenetic tree. All isolates were clearly differentiated into the genus Streptomyces, and the tree also showed that new scab-causing Streptomyces spp or not yet named species of Streptomyces are existed in Jeju Island, Korea.


Context and Aim: Molecular testing of thyroid FNA has been advocated in the indeterminate categories of The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) 2018. The utility of cytoscrapes of thyroid FNA samples for BRAF V600E and RAS mutations was evaluated in this pilot study. Methods and Materials: Thyroid FNA samples between 2015 and 2018 from TBSRTC categories 3–6 were included. DNA was extracted from one to two representative smears (cytoscrape). Real-time PCR for BRAF V600E and RAS (KRAS, NRAS, and HRAS) gene mutations was performed. Histopathology correlation was available in 44 cases. Statistical Methods: Chi-square test and calculation of sensitivity, specificity, and positive/negative predictive values were performed. Results: A total of 73 thyroid FNA cases and 11 nodal metastases of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) were evaluated. The DNA yield ranged from 1.9 to 666 ng/μl (mean 128 ng/μl) in 80 cases and was insufficient in four cases. Overall, mutations were seen in 45 (56.25%) cases with BRAF V600E, NRAS, HRAS, and KRAS in 21 (46.7%), 19 (42.2%), 4, and 1 cases, respectively. BRAF V600E mutation was seen in PTC (11/18, 61%), nodal PTC metastases (5/10, 50%), and occasionally in TBSRTC category 3 (1/18, 5.5%). NRAS mutations were seen across all categories and were maximum in the AUS/FLUS group (6/18, 33%). BRAF V600E /RAS testing had an overall sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 61.7%, 80%, 91.3%, and 38%, respectively, for the detection of malignancy. In indeterminate thyroid nodules, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 56.2%, 80%, 81.8%, and 53.3%, respectively. Conclusion: BRAF V600E/RAS mutation testing from cytoscrapes are useful as a rule-in test for indeterminate thyroid nodules and provide molecular confirmation in nodal metastases of PTC.


The Tohoku Region Pacific Coast Earthquake and its Tsunami caused serious damage to the Pacific coast in northeastern Japan. We suggest it is important to share the serious situation in the disaster area to gain public understanding and support. In this paper, we propose a Reconstruction Watcher which lets people share reconstruction progress visually to gain public understanding and to support the disaster area. To find practical issues and confirm the feasibility of the Reconstruction Watcher, we went to the disaster area and tried to show the serious situation to the public. This paper reports our challenges and findings.


The paper describes the new tools for dynamic display of the computational process for modeling a dataflow parallel computing system that implements non-traditional architecture. These tools allow evaluating the effectiveness of program and localization functions during the task.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the reproductive performance, liver morphological study and post mortem characteristics of the pregnant Wistar rats treated with indomethacin, a general COX inhibitor. Indomethacin at doses of 0 (control), 0.32, 1.68 and 8.40 mg/kg/day were orally given once daily to each group (n=10) on days 3 and 4 of pregnancy (day 0 = first day of pregnancy = positive vaginal sperm). The animals were euthanized under anesthesia on day 11 of pregnancy, and were carried out necropsy and microorganism culture study. The results showed that the doses of 0.32 and 1.68 mg/kg body weight (the therapeutic dose for humans) of indomethacin caused no embryotoxic or lethal effects. The highest dose (8.40 mg/kg) of indomethacin disturbed implantation process and, thus, interrupted major development in some fetuses. The peritonitis was detected in the necropsy and in the bacteriological study of the animals treated with 8.4 mg/kg. It was considered death cause of these animals. Thus, this study analyzed a pharmacological agent on pregnancy in rodents and it provided some evidences that indomethacin presented embryotoxic and lethal effects at a high dose, but it was safe in the therapeutic dose used for humans.


It seems to me that much can be learned by comparative studies of the histories of the several European countries, and that this is particularly true of their political histories during the sixteenth century. A stimulating start in this direction was made by H. G. Koenigsberger in an article in The Journal of Modern History, titled "The Organization of Revolutionary Parties in France and the Netherlands during the Sixteenth Century." I would like to propose a further exploration of some of the interesting leads presented by Mr. Koenigsberger. For the present, however, I shall avoid attempting to survey the whole field he opens up for us. I shall limit myself to a study of the revolutionary Calvinist parties, and devote most of my attention to the period of their formation.


In this article there are analysis of concept «mobility», its characteristics and fields of scientific knowledge, where it is mentioned. Also it is considered academic mobility of future teachers. It is made conclusions of necessity of its development under conditions of integration the education system to united education space.


Loads determination for external stores on fighter aircraft is an important task for manufacturers in ensuring the safe operation of their aircraft. Due to the large number of possible store combin ...


Despite the significance of later Islamic philosophical tradition, it has remained a neglected area of study. In this article, the evolution of the concept of the soul from its Avicennian context to post-Avicennian philosophical tradition is discussed. While the author knows of no Islamic philosopher who rejected the Peripatetic notion of the soul, post-Avicennian philosophers have added much to the discourse on the soul. Beginning with Al-Ghazzālī, we see a gradual gnosticization of the concept of the soul that reaches its zenith in the writings of Shihāb al-Dīn Suhrawardī. Having traced Suhrawardī's illuminationist (ishrāqī) doctrine of the soul, we proceeded to discuss the views of some of the ishrāqī figures on the subject matter and then explored how the concept of the soul changed in Mullā Sadrā's School of Transcendent Philosophy (al-Ḥikmat al-Mutiʻalliyah). The article ends with a general overview of the modern commentators of later philosophical tradition in Islam and those that have been influential in shaping the evolution of the concept of the soul in modern Islamic philosophical discourse.


A review with 16 references is given on the relationship between zinc and health,including the metabolism,main function and therapeutic effect of zinc


The possibilities of closed-loop economy are analyzed, national approaches to the regulation of closed-loop economy are described, the advantage and feasibility of using coffee waste as a fertilizer are described.


Abstract New bicyclic pentaoxyphosphoranes 1–3 containing ring sizes varying from five to seven membered were synthesized by oxidative addition of a quinone or a diol to a cyclic phosphite. Variable-temperature solution 1H and 13C NMR studies revealed the presence of dynamic intramolecular ligand exchange processes, one in which apical-equatorial ring interchange occurred between trigonal bipyramidal ground states and a higher temperature process supporting an exchange intermediate with the ring located diequatorially in a trigonal bipyramid. Activation energies for the latter process were determined. X-ray analysis supported the interpretation of the solution-state behavior and showed that saturated six-membered rings prefer a boat conformation occupying apical-equatorial positions in trigonal bipyramidal structures. The stability of the six-membered ring in this conformation is supported by the shorter P-O bond lengths found for this ring size compared to that for phosphoranes having five- and seven-mem...


THE INVENTION RELATES TO A PACKAGING MADE FROM LAMINATED PLASTIC AND PAPER BY SEALING HOT, WHO IS TO BE SEALED HERMETICALLY. IS USED TO STICK THE LAYERS LAMINATED ADHESIVE COLORS THAT HELPS VISUALLY VERIFY THE SEALING LEAKS. The Invention APPLY MAINLY TO CONTROL PACKING STERILIZATION, INCLUDING THE FIELD HOSPITAL, AND ENSURE THAT THE PACKAGING STERILE REMAIN OVER TIME.


In this study, professional art experts and nonexperts with an active interest in art rated sets of 10-20 slides of artworks made available by young artists. Each set was rated on bipolar scales, including not original-original; absence of crafts-manship-craftsmanship; and poor quality-good quality. Intraclass coefficients R i for these three scales were .17, .21, and .22 for experts and .19, .08, and .16 for nonexperts, respectively. There was a significant agreement between experts and nonexperts with respect to originality, but no agreement with respect to craftsmanship and quality. The correlation between originality and quality was significantly (p <.01) higher for experts (r.88) than for nonexperts (r=.40). Thus, experts seem to attach much more value to originality in determining aesthetic quality than nonexperts.


The free Schiff base ligand (HL1) which was prepared mixed with the Schiff base ligand (HL2).The product then was reacted with some transition metal salts: (Cu, Ni, Cd, Mn, Znand Pdto get new transition metal complexes. The ligand which were prepared and their transition metal complexes where characterized by physic-chemical spectroscopic techniques such as: FT-IR, UVVis, (C.H.N) spectra, molar conductivity, magnetic moment, mass spectrometer techniques and microanalysis techniques. The results showed the formation and the high purity of the free Schiff base ligands and their metal complexes, indicating that they are in a good agreement with the theoretical values. The fragments of the prepared free Schiff base ligand where identified by mass spectrometer techniques. All analysis of ligands and their metal complexes where in good agreement with the theoretical values which indicated the purity of Schiff base ligands and their metal complexes. From the above data, the molecular structures for all the metal complexes where proposed to be octahedral except Capper and Palladium were square planar.


Treatments were applied to 8-yr-old Nittany trees (on MM7A roots) using single tree plots arranged in a randomized block design and replicated 4 times. Trees were sprayed to runoff using a Bean hydraulic sprayer operating at 400 psi. Plot 1 was sprayed with 60 sec oil at delayed dormant (DD) and Carzol 92 SP at petal fall (PF). Plot 2 received Morestan in the pink (P) and Carzol at PF, and plot 3 was treated with Morestan 25 WP at P and Carzol SP after the ERM population reached a threshold of 3 mites/leaf. All other treatments were applied when mite populations in the orchard reached this predetermined threshold (T). To estimate pretreatment density, 10 randomly selected leaves (1/tree) were picked at chest height while walking diagonally across the orchard. Mites and eggs were counted with the aid of a binocular microscope. The count of 24 May averaged 3.3 mites and 9.5 mite eggs/leaf. During the remainder of the season mites and eggs were counted by randomly selecting 20 leaves/replicate, brushing them onto a sticky glass plate and counting all motile mites and viable eggs with a binocular microscope. Mite predators were destroyed prior to treatment with applications of permetherin. When predators began to appear in the plots, they were counted during a 3 min observation of each tree and recorded.


St. George's has adopted this Accessibility Plan in line with the school's Special Educational Needs policy with the aim to ensure that our school is socially and academically inclusive, that all pupils have access to a full curriculum, and that all pupils' are appropriately challenged. Both our Special Educational Needs policy and Information Report outline the provision that our school has in place to support pupils with special educational needs and disabilities, and the school's publication of equality information and objectives explains how we ensure equal opportunities for all our students. Increased access to the curriculum, physical access to the school, and access to information are particular to students with SEND, and this accessibility plan provides an outline of how the school will manage this part of the SEND provision. As a Catholic school our Accessibility Plan is underpinned by our core values and beliefs, we are an inclusive school; we respect and value the diversity of the community we serve.


The differences between the Japanese and Russian cultures exist chiefly in such two major fields as their political systems and educational systems. Despite the fact that the two countries started the modernization process almost at the same time in the middle of the 19th century, their modernization respectively has been realized by different means as a result of the differences between the cultures of the two countries. Reflected behind such different development modes are different big power consciousness and different development strategies and, through comparison, the cultural advantages in the modernization of Japan can be seen. An in-depth study of this issue will be beneficial for China engaged in her own modernization, in which we can learn from the experiences and lessons and, therefore, speed up the modernization process of the country.


Both migraine headaches and depression are common disorders, and they co-occur frequently. Because the triptan class of medications often is used to


Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this empirical research is to empirically investigate the effect of Covid-19 crisis on Egyptians' risk perception attitude, perceived safety and local travel intentions inside Egypt for the aim of reaching significant marketing insights and recommendation to benefit the tourism sector during Covid-19 pandemic. Those marketing insights can help prepare citizens to deal with the crisis challenges for the objective of normalizing everyday practice, maintain productivity and help protect the stability of the community.
Design/methodology/approach
This research adopts the variables of the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM), which provides a useful framework to understand how individuals respond to crisis/risk. This research empirically investigates the current insights, concerns and needs of 300 samples from the Egyptian community for the aim of reaching a practical method of normalization; thus, bridging what the researcher would like to call "the blind spot" or gaps of actions between decision makers and citizens. This research applies quantitative research method. Data were collected online. It is significant to pinpoint that this empirical investigation  adopts the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM), which provides a useful framework to understand how individuals respond to crisis/risk communication messages for the purpose of investigating the research hypotheses; thus, this empirical study does not aim to extend nor to present a conceptual framework for the adopted Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) within the Egyptian milieu.
Findings
The research findings suggest new marketing implementations for overcoming the challenges facing the local tourism sector in Egypt due to Covid-19 pandemic crisis, and further recommends an audience-centered paradigm in marketing and communicating promotional messages.
Originality/value
To date, limited empirical research has investigated Egyptian tourists' insights for sustaining the internal tourism sector in Egypt during normal and crisis times. This research is considered valuable to decision makers, marketers and academics alike as it provides up- to- date marketing insights and empirical results for the aim of normalizing the internal tourism practices in Egypt after the pandemic shock and even during the consecutive waves of Covid-19.


Enterprise transformation and upgrading enjoys a good interaction with the transformation of management major in newly-built local undergraduate universities. Institutions of higher education, especially those newly-established local universities, must act in accordance with enterprises' new requirements for the quality of management personnel to realize transformation and upgrading, build a cultivation mode for innovative management talents that meet those requirements, and cultivate some innovative management talents needed by the transformation and upgrading work of enterprises, thus speeding up the transformation and upgrading process, realizing the enrichment and development of the theory regarding enterprise transformation and upgrading. Positive interaction mechanism between the regional industrial transformation and upgrading and the transformation and development of newly-built local undergraduate colleges "The so-called industrial upgrading refers to the transformation process from traditional industries which mainly rely on the labor force and input of natural resources to modern industries that mainly depend on technology and management innovation." [1] The general change law of enterprise transformation and upgrading is led by "innovation-driven" technology [2] and innovative management talent. Transformation and upgrading of enterprises and the transformation and development of newly-built local undergraduate colleges and universities are mutually promoted, as shown in Figure 1. On the one hand, enterprise urgently needs innovative management personnel to lead and promote the transformation and upgrading process; on the other hand, the transformation and upgrading of enterprises provide numerous job opportunities for innovative management personnel, further enhance the transformation and development of higher education, especially that of new local colleges, achieve full employment of college graduates and comprehensively improve the quality of college students' employment, thus realizing the positive interaction between the transformation and upgrading of enterprises and that of local newly-built undergraduate colleges, as shown in Figure 1. 4th International Conference on Management Science, Education Technology, Arts, Social Science and Economics (MSETASSE 2016) Copyright © 2016, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 85


ABSTRACT Nori is a dried edible seaweed product used in Japanese cuisine made originally from seaweed from the genus Porphyra. Porphyra usually grows in sub-tropic coastal waters and is rarely found in tropical zones like Indonesia. For this reason, it is important to find local raw materials to substitute Porphyra to produce nori-like products in Indonesia. The present work aimed to study the physicochemical characteristics, fatty acid profiles, color components, and mineral contents of nori-like products formulated from seaweeds growing in Indonesia. The seaweeds used were Gracilaria verrucosa, Ulva lactuca, and Caulerpa racemosa. The proportion of each seaweed for nori-like product formulation was 100:0:0; 75:25:0; 75:0:25; 50:50:0; 50:0:50, and 50:25:25, respectively. Based on color, dietary fiber, and minerals (Mg and Ca), the formula of nori-like product processed from Gracilaria and Ulva with the proportion of 50:50 had a better than the commercial nori.


Historians of Italian Christian Democracy have traditionally paid rather scant attention to the period 1903–1914, the years of the papacy of Pius X. Their lack of interest in this era cannot fully be explained by the scarcity of available official documents. The archives of the Vatican also keep under lock and key the documents pertaining to Leo XIII, the predecessor of Pius X. Yet volume after recently published volume has dealt with the Leonine period of Italian history. Interest in the papacy of Leo XIII is understandable in view of the fact that intellectual ferment in that era produced many of the sustaining ideas of Italian Christian Democracy. The Leonine period also saw in action for the first time some of the future leaders of Italian Christian Democracy.


The main factors effected on middle distillates oil selectivity of hydrocracking catalyst were discussed,many kinds of countermeasure to improve the selectivity of hydrocracking catalyst were pointed out,too.


This study aims to analyze (1) the effect of the work environment, leadership style, and motivation on employee performance at the Office of the National Unity and Politics of Sidrap Regency (2) the effect of the work environment, leadership style, and motivation on employee performance at the National Unity Agency Office and Politics of Sidrap Regency (3) the most dominant variable affects employee performance at the Office of the National Unity and Politics of Sidrap Regency.
This research is a quantitative research with a survey method with correlational analysis techniques to determine the effect of the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variable. Data collection methods used are questionnaires and document studies. The analytical method used is descriptive statistical analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.
The results show that (1) partially the work environment variable had a dominant effect on employee performance (2) partially the leadership style variable had an effect on employee performance (3) partially the motivation variable had an effect on employee performance (4) partially and simultaneously the variables of work environment, leadership style and motivation have an effect on employee performance, which means that an increase in the work environment, leadership style and motivation will affect the performance of the Sidrap Regency Office of the National Unity and Political Office by 89.1%.


Dry and wet preparation were removing wheat straw impurity efficiently,reducing the SiO 2 contains in wheat straw,avoiding the fluence of SiO 2 in alkali recovery,improving the pulp quality.The process of preparation is studied in article.


Activating positive energies to help others fulfil themselves and bring their dreams to life is the DNA of Beautiful Soul. UNICEF contacted the organization to roll out Appreciative Inquiry (AI) throughout West and Central Africa. They want to hear the people, the children whose cause they serve, but whose voices are stifled by bureaucracy and political correctness.


We use circle packing techniques to construct approximate solutions to the generalized Beltrami equations with simply and multiply connected regions in the plane. We show convergence of the approximate solutions. This gives a constructive proof for the existence of quasiconformal mappings with a given pair of complex dilations.


In the course of the last 15 years, sociolinguistics (or the sociology of language) has established itself as an academic subject in many countries. The discipline promises to be of benefit in solving practical problems in such areas as language planning and standardization, language teaching and therapy, and language policy. Both research projects and publications and university teaching programmes in sociolinguistics now span such a wide field that it is hardly possible even for the experts to review the whole scope of the subject. A number of specialist periodicals and introductions and surveys of the subject exist, but to date there has been no comprehensive and internationally representative account of the subject. The handbook provides this account.


Computing today has entered into the fourth stage of its development. The first was related with appearance of large computers (mainframes), second - with appearance of the personal computers, third - with appearance of the Internet which has united users into single informative village by providing joint access to information. With beginning of XXI age a transition to new grid-technology began, when the Internet with Web service is changed to the world Grid network which is geographically distributed infrastructure, compels existing in a network computers (thousand of PC, work stations and supercomputers) to work how a sole enormous and mighty computer is, uniting the great number of resources of different types (processors, large memories, data depositories and data bases, networks), access to which users can get from any points, regardless of place of their location. Grid assumes the collective mode of access to the resources and to related to them services of the within the framework globally distributed virtual organizations, that consist of enterprises and separate specialists which jointly use shareable resources.


In the long history of the interpretation of Plato's Timaeus in antiquity few passages generated the same volume and intensity of debate as did his account in 35ab of the creation of the World Soul, the so-called psychogonia. From the beginning of the exegetical tradition it was clear to commentators on the dialogue what was at stake: an 'accurate' exegesis of this text had direct bearing on the exposition of such important doctrines as the incorporeality of Soul, its relationship to the intelligible and physical worlds, the causes for and nature of its descent into this world, and its connection, if any, to the principle of evil. Inevitably, sharp doctrinal divisions arose among various groups of interpreters, principally having to do with the constituent components of Soul's 'mixture.' Although there is some question both about the received text and Plato's meaning here,1 it seems clear that in Plato's account Soul is the product of two mixtures, the first of which is the blending of a Nature that is indivisible (υ Κ 2νεσ τυοφ . . . ο τ αΚ) and another that becomes divided among bodies (υ Κ α πεσ υ1 τ ναυα ηιηξον ξθΚ νεσιτυ Κ). The product of this blending is a third kind of Nature (υσ υοξ . . . ο τ αΚ ε δοΚ) that is intermediate between the undivided Nature, or the Same, and the divided Nature, or the Other. The Demiurge took these three kinds of being and further mixed them into a single form, compelling (since they are of themselves 'difficult to mix') the Same and Other to become one form through the intermediacy of the third Nature. Among exegetes there was little disagreement over the interpretation of the 2ν σιτυοΚ ο τ α: most Platonists identified it with Intellect, the principle of changeless and eternal Being. But about the divided Nature (νεσιτυ ο τ α) there was no such consensus. Two related controversies concerning this Nature arose very early in the tradition and continued unresolved to the end of antiquity. There were, on the one hand, those Platonists who were accused of construing Plato's reference to an Essence that 'becomes divided among bodies' as confirmation that Soul's nature is in part corporeal. Reaction to this took different forms, the most radical being the position of later Neoplatonists that the divided Essence cannot truly be a constituent element of Soul, but is ontologically inferior to it, yet superior to the nature of bodies. On the other hand, the interpretation that inspired by far the most strenuous objections advanced a dualistic theory of Soul's nature by identifying or closely associating the divided Essence with the cosmic principle of evil, which then existed in opposition to the principle of reason and order introduced into Soul by the undivided Essence. The most extensive effort to counter the dualists came from the Neoplatonists, who in general considered any idea that there are opposing causal principles of the Soul and body of the cosmos to be a direct challenge to the concept of the absolute supremacy and exclusive power of the Good. No doubt believing themselves to be preserving the integrity of Soul, conceived as either the Soul of the universe or the souls of individuals, these philosophers variously argued both that Soul suffered no permanent effects from its connection with bodies and that its nature had nothing in common either with corporeal nature or with the first cause of evil. In what follows, I offer an Classical Quarterly 52.1 231–247 (2002) Printed in Great Britain 231


Recently, hybrid Satellite-Terrestrial (S-T) communication system, especially satellite communications integration with 5G/6G, is regarded as future development trend. Considering physical layer access waveform design, this paper proposed a novel Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing- Code Division Multiple Access (GFDM-CDMA) scheme for hybrid S-T communication system. GFDM has many advantages such as good adaptability and low out-of-band (OOB) radiation. However, because of its interference between adjacent subcarriers, the multiple access performance is degraded. In this paper, we introduced (CDMA) technology in GFDM. The odd and even subcarriers of GFDM are spread spectrum respectively. Moreover, this scheme integrates the slot-ALOHA protocol and GFDM-CDMA, which extends access freedom in frequency, time and code domain. The simulation and analysis results show that the proposed GFDM-CDMA scheme is effective and suitable for hybrid S-T communication system.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the blood lead levels (BLLs) in children after 10-year use of unleaded gasoline in Guangzhou and evaluate the effect of this measure.

METHODS
Through stratified random sampling method, 4 kindergartens and 4 elementary schools were selected from each of three districts among 12 districts of Guangzhou. Totally 2373 children were recruited into this survey and 1-2 ml blood was sampled from each child through vein. The lead concentration in blood samples was determined with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) after diluted with 0.1% Triton X-100 and 0.1% HNO(3) in the ratio of 1:20.

RESULTS
Among 2373 children, the highest BLL was 330 microg/L, while the lowest was 10 microg/L. Geometric mean (GM) of BLL was 58.28 microg/L with 61.11 microg/L of male and 55.37 microg/L of female (t=8.671, P=0.000). Sixty (2.51%) children were identified as elevated BLLs (>or=100 microg/L), including 36 (2.90%) male and 24 (2.09%) female (chi2=1.594, P=0.207). Compared to the surveys conducted in China 10-year ago, the children with elevated BLLs decreased 96.28% and the GM of BLLs reduced 58.37%. BLLs in suburb children (60.33 microg/L) were higher than those in downtown (58.09 microg/L) or in countryside (56.72 microg/L).

CONCLUSION
The BLLs in children and the ratio for children with elevated BLLs, had declined dramatically after 10-year implement of unleaded gasoline in Guangzhou.


The aim of this study was the detection of active L. plantarum 299v (probiotic microorganism) growth using microcantilever based biosensors in air and in dynamic mode by atomic force microscopy. Commercial cantilevers were cleaned with Piranha solution in order to eliminate contaminants and were functionalized with silylating solution; afterwards the cantilevers were coated by an agarose layer using the capillaries technique. An atomic force microscope in tapping mode was required to evaluate the resonance frequency shift of co mercial cantilevers inoculated with L. plantarum 299 . Humidity an temperature were controlled inside an atmospheric hood du ing th biodetection. The resonance frequency curves were seen to be narrower with higher Q factor values (∼219). The results showed that th esonance frequency shifted by approximately 5.2±0.8 kHz on the inoculated cantilevers throughout the growth kinetics. From the resonance frequency curves and known mechanical properties of the cantilevers, the biosensor sensitivity was determined to be 383±3 pg/Hz and the biosensor can detect ∼400 bacteria. In addition, L. plantarum growth on the a tilever's surface was confirmed b scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that it is possible to construct a microbiosensor by using commercial cantilevers and atomic force microscopy. These sensors can be used as a platform for the detection of microo ganisms associated with functional foods.


The zwitterionic detergent 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonium]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), derivative of naturally occurring bile salts, is widely used in biochemistry for membrane protein and receptor solubilization and purification. Since the efficiency of protein stabilization is known to be highly related to the detergent concentration, it is very important for the researcher to predict the best non-denaturing conditions [1].


This paper describes the befriending of severely excluded families, particularly Bangladeshi and Somali families, in Tower Hamlets, East London by Family Support Workers (FSWs). Tower Hamlets is one of the most deprived boroughs in the UK. The study is derived from an evaluation of the Family Welfare Association's (FWA's) Tower Hamlets Family Support Services (FSSs) conducted by South Bank University. A key finding is that engaging the emotions of families enables high-quality and effective support in the family home. FSWs win trust and elicit narratives from families, particularly from mothers and children. The narratives of families are a rich source of informing better practice. In line with government objectives, the participatory work of FSWs helps to balance understanding on family support, health and child protection. The early identification of child protection issues is particularly important in mitigating their worst effects. FSWs gain trust and early disclosure on child protection cases. This prevents child-care problems from deteriorating into child protection issues. FSWs also act as informal advocates and help to balance social service assessments with the views of families. FSWs take a proactive, non-stigmatizing, non-intrusive approach to families. FSWs are sensitive and responsive to the emotions, ethnicity, gender and specific needs of families.


Among the 15 okra varieties three entries viz, Nirmal-303, Parbhani Kranti and Versha Uphar were moderately resistant to yellow vein mosaic virus and others remained moderately susceptible or susceptible. Minimum mean whitefly populations were found on variety Nirmal-303 (4.4 whitefly/plant), Versha Uphar (5.5 whitefly/plant) followed by parbhani kranti 4.75 whitefly/plant) as compared to local check (9.7 whitefly/plant). Maximum fruit yield was found in variety Nirmal-303 (3.6 kg/plot) followed by Parbhani Kranti (3.75 kg/plot) and Versha Uphar (4.5kg/plot) in comparison to local variety (3.2kg/plot). Among the 15 varieties tested in the field, did not show any highly resistant and resistant reaction. Out of 15 varieties only 8 varieties had shown susceptible reactions and four were found to be moderately susceptible.


In constructing the trans-Mediterranean undersea pipeline between Tunisia and Sicily, Perry Oceanographics used a manned, tethered vehicle called an observation manipulator bell (OMB), which has proven itself in deepwater pipelaying operations. The OMB carries a crew of two inside a pressure hull with an internal diameter of 76 in. Its overall diameter is 102 in. and it weighs 17,500 lb. The vehicle has two 5-hp port- and starboard-mounted electric thrusters. Its vertical position can be controlled by either the bell operator using a clump-weight haul-down winch or the surface operator with the umbilical winch. The OMB is fitted with video cameras and voice communication. The vehicle has reached depths of 3000 ft within 30 min with only a 10-ft overshoot. The OMB's single and/or dual manipulator-arm systems can operate its onboard impact wrenches, cut-off saws, water jets, and cable cutters. In addition, the manipulator claws can operate valve wheels and levers, attach anodes, and connect of disconnect cables and hydraulic systems. The versatility of the OMB was demonstrated recently when the vehicle rescued a PC-1602 submarine that had become entangled at 1740 ft.


Objectives: The undergraduate biochemistry practical's are the routine test performed in all the medical laboratories. Few of these have been certified practical by competency-based medical education. This will help the teachers access the depth of theoretical and practical knowledge as well as judge their communication skills. To detect the basic concept of quality control in the biochemistry laboratory.
Methods: Quantitative analysis was conducted with a purposive sample, at the Noida International institute of medical sciences by the department of biochemistry. 150 students performed the practical on serum albumin in two batches after the demonstration by the faculty. The results were collected through Google forms. The mean, SD, coefficient of variation, and bias were calculated.
Results: Both batches showed significant improvement in repeating the practical. Batch a performance was markedly improved after disclosing the optical density of the standard.
Conclusion: Teaching basic quality standards used in the biochemistry laboratory and emphasizing the preanalytical errors made during the 1st year of practical's, markedly improved the performance.


Through the literature、questionnaire、statistics、and comparison with 8th broadcast gymnastics,the paper draws the creative value of the 2th serial broadcast gymnastics .and provides a scientific theoretical basis for its popularization and future development.


The mechanical constitutive behavior of welded components is difficult to characterize at any size scale, but particularly challenging in the case of sub-millimeter welds such as produced by laser welding. Recently emerging digital image correlation (DIC) techniques provide a means for extracting local constitutive response. The tensile stress-strain response of laser welded austenitic 304L is evaluated in the present study. Weld fusion zones were found to have slightly higher yield strengths than the corresponding basemetal, and retained significant ductility (~45%). In this ductile, flaw tolerant stainless steel, the local weld ductility was essentially unaffected by the presence of weld-root porosity which was induced only by pulsed laser welding. In contrast, in a parallel study on the local constitutive properties of a welded Ni-Gd-Mo-Gd alloy with much less macroscopic ductility, the presence of weld root porosity was found to localize strain only in the vicinity of the largest pores, causing premature failure at low macroscopic strains.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


The paper describes the prototype of an interactive tutoring system. The prototype enables a Malay monolingual user to generate computer-based tutorials without any programming knowledge, serves as a multiple domain tutor to English monolingual users who are learning Malay, and the prototype also incorporates an English-Malay translation ability. Based on reviews of previous work, such features are usually incorporated separately in different systems and applications. Therefore, the primary goal of the paper is to describe an experiment which investigates the feasibility of integrating these features into one common platform. The implementation of the prototype is based on paradigms of a flexible and interactive user interface, and natural language processing.


Due to the change of type, accuracy and spatial position of multi-sensor measurement system in sports track, the optimal measurement accuracy cannot be obtained during numbers fusion. A new dynamic grouping fusion algorithm is proposed. The traditional way of processing is inefficient. In the commonly used sports meeting administration software, sports track events are divided into eight fixed lanes, and the scheduling algorithm is fixed, which has certain defects. The application of cloud computing technology can effectively solve the efficiency problem in the processing of dynamic grouping algorithms, and it adopts parallel computing to accelerate computing tasks. The method used in this paper is deep learning. Deep learning is two types of methods that are distinguished by referring to the learning method of the learner and the comprehension ability they want to achieve. Both of them have significant differences in learning attitude and knowledge composition. Deep learning is a kind of high-end learning that achieves the realm of learning through the use of deep learning methods to achieve higher learning results, and such learning results can improve personal thinking ability.


Objectives: Some of husbands persecute their wife and it is very important case in social pathology. It causes anxiety among families and experts. Addiction is one of factors that intensify this matter. The research purposes focus on effective factors on violence of addicted men against pregnant women. Methods: This is a descriptive study and survey research, which includes a sample of ٦٠٠ pregnant women taken from Tehran health and care centers. Data gathering is base on questionnaires. Finding:the result of this search was show that rate of experienced violence amonge addicteds wives is more than non-addicteds wives. The analysis of t-test indicat a thet the significant difference bet ween mean niolence experienced among addicted and non-addicteds wives.(p<٠/٠١) Discussion: The findings show relationship between education and income of women and their husband age, kind of addiction and their violent behaviors.


Many applications in control engineering, involve solving a constrained optimal control problem. Especially for the case of complex systems, the presence of constraints gives rise both to theoretical and computational challenges. Developing a general theoretical framework is crucial to capture all features and interdependencies among the components of the underlying system, but numerical computations for such detailed models might not be tractable. Therefore, a trade-off between the generality of the developed theory and the scale of applications that can be addressed numerically needs to be reached. This dissertation deals with three of these problems, all of which resulting in a constrained optimal control formulation. The first problem concentrates on the development of an optimal control framework to deal with state constrained reachability problems for continuous and hybrid systems. The main objective is to design suitable controllers to steer or keep the state of the system in a "safe" part of the state space. The synthesis of such safe controllers relies on the ability to solve target problems for the case where state constraints are also present, giving rise to reach-avoid calculations. We first focus on continuous time systems and show how such reach-avoid problems can be related to the viscosity solutions of certain optimal control problems. We then extend our framework to reachability/viability problems for hybrid systems and provide a complete characterization based entirely on optimal control, logic theorems and the definition of executions of hybrid automata. Hybrid automata with nonlinear continuous dynamics and bounded competing inputs can be captured by the proposed framework. The theoretical results are illustrated on a 4D trajectory management problem in air traffic control and various benchmark examples. The second problem involves applying model predictive control for nonlinear, but feedback linearizable systems, with input constraints. The challenge is that after feedback linearization, even though the systems dynamics are rendered linear, the initial input constraints are mapped to a set of state dependent, and in general nonlinear and possibly non con-


In view of the increasing demands on precision optics, microelectronics and precision mechanics nanoscale structuring processes are of great interest. It is becoming more and more important to apply a large number of structures that are as small as possible to ever larger areas with high reliability and to increase the number of structures per area element (packing density). The straightness and uniformity of these structures, as well as the positioning accuracy during the fabrication of such narrow lines and points are at the center of the increase of the packing density. A further decisive role is played by the development of suitable sensors and tools for the production and measurement of these structures. The development and the combination of a new laser based probe for the measurement and a direct laser writing (DLW) tool for the creation of sub-micro structures forms the core of this topic. The new sensor is based on a confocal measuring principle. A fiber coupling is used to avoid thermal influences. At the same time, the fiber end itself serves as a confocal pinhole. For the process tool, comprehensive investigations of laser and resist parameters are necessary. The first results are shown. These two parts are investigated separately and combined at the end of the work. In order to achieve the necessary positioning accuracy, the tool is integrated into the Nanopositioning and Measurement Machine (NPMM).


Hyperbranched poly (ether sulfone)s with imidazolium salts at the termini (HBPES-Im) was synthesized by polycondensation of AB2 type monomers and terminal modification using cation exchange reaction. Then, poly (ether ether ether sulfone)s with imidazolium salts at the side chains (PEEES-Im) was prepared to make the composite membranes. HBPES-Im and PEEES-Im were designed each three kind polymers with different terminal structures. The temperatures at which 5% weight losses (Td5) of HBPES-Im and PEEES-Im occurred were higher than those of each precursors. HBPES-Im(H,H) and PEEES-Im(H,H) without alkyl chains were also high glass transition temperature (Tg). Blend membranes with HBPES-Im and PEEES-Im were prepared by solution casting method and measured ion conductivities by two-probe conductivity measurement. The blend membrane composed of HBPES-Im(H,H) and PEEES-Im(H,H) showed higher ion conductivity of 2.19X10-3 S/cm under 80 °C and 90% of relative humidity.


Palladin is an actin binding protein that is specifically upregulated in metastatic cancer cells but also co-localizes with actin stress fibers in normal cells and is critical for embryonic development as well as wound healing. Of nine isoforms present in humans, only the 90 kDa isoform of palladin, comprising three immunoglobulin (Ig) domains and one proline-rich region, is ubiquitously expressed. Previous work has also established that the Ig3 domain of palladin is the minimal binding site for F-actin. In this work, we compare functions of the 90 kDa isoform of palladin to the isolated actin binding domain. To understand the mechanism of action for how palladin can influence actin assembly, we monitored F-actin binding and bundling as well as actin polymerization, depolymerization, and copolymerization. We also provide initial evidence that 90 kDa palladin exists in a closed conformation that prevents binding by the Ig3 domain to G-actin as compared to the isolated domain. Understanding the role of palladin in regulating the actin cytoskeleton may help us develop means to prevent cancer cells from reaching the metastatic stage of cancer progression.


AC Nordic is a late-maturing orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivar. It was developed by mass selection for yield, persistence and resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis) at the Plant Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa. Its yield was similar to that of cv. Sumas in a total of 33 station years in Quebec. Yield in second and subsequent production years was 101.6% of cv. Sumas over 19 station years. Key words: Dactylis glomerata L., orchardgrass


In order to identify secondary metabolites, the root of Brassica rapa was extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH, and the concentrated extract was partitioned with EtOAc, n-BuOH and . From the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions, four secondary metabolites were isolated through the repeated silica gel and octadecyl silica gel (ODS) column chromatographies. From the result of spectroscopic data including NMR and MS, the chemical structures of the compounds were determined as 4-(methoxymethyl)phenol (1), -methoxy-2,5-furandimethanol (2), phenyl--D-glucopyranoside (3), and 2-phenylethyl--D-glucopyranoside (4). They were isolated for the first time from Brassica rapa.


GULP1 functions as a cytoplasmic adaptor protein in the engulfment of apoptotic corpses and cells. It was also reported to be an adapter protein of LRP1 which is known to be a key regulator of TGF-β signaling. TGF- β signaling pathway is known to contribute to urothelial carcinoma (UC) development by increasing invasiveness and metastasis, and inducing epithelial to mescenchymal (EMT) transition. By an integrated genetic approach, we recently identified GULP1 as a potential tumor suppressor gene and epigenetically silenced in ovarian cancer. In the present study we evaluated the promoter methylation of GULP1 in urothelial carcinoma (UC) and functionally characterize GULP1 in urothelial carcinogenesis. We first determined GULP1 protein expression by immunohistochemistry on a customized muscle-invasive UC (MIUC) tissue-microarray. The mechanism of gene silencing was probed using quantitative methylation-specific PCR (QMSP). The association between GULP1 expression and promoter methylation was analyzed by using a subset of primary UC and UC cell lines. Effects of forced overexpression and siRNA-mediated GULP1-knockdown were measured by cell proliferation and colony forming assays. Western blot analysis was performed for several key molecules to determine the effect of GULP1 modulation in the respective pathways. Complete loss of GULP1 expression was observed in 89 out of 104 MIUC (85.6%). In primary tumor tissues and cell lines, promoter methylation of GULP1 were inversely correlated with GULP1 expression and reactivation of GULP1 was observed by 5-aza-dC treatment of UC cell lines. Additionally QMSP assay of GULP1 was performed for 98 primary UC tissues of different cell types and 21 normal urothelial samples. Our initial analysis by using an empiric cut off value revealed GULP1 promoter methylation was significantly associated with UC (P = 0.007, Fisher9s exact test). To determine the feasibility of GULP1 QMSP assay for non-invasive detection of UC using urine DNA, we tested urine from 58 UC patients and 46 healthy people. As expected, 33 out of 58(56.9%) UC cases were methylation positive while very low level of methylation were detected in 4 out of 46 urine control samples (8.7%) (P In conclusion, GULP1 is a candidate tumor suppressor in UC carcinogenesis and it may have a potential for non-invasive UC detection and targeting therapy. Citation Format: Masamichi Hayashi, Leonardo O. Reis, Alexander Baras, Leonel Maldonado, Eliza Guida, Evgeny Izumchenko, Mariana Brait, Trinity Bivalacqua, George J. Netto, Wayne Koch, David Sidransky, Mohammad O. Hoque. Engulfment gene GULP1 is a functional tumor suppressor through influencing TGF-β pathway and is silenced by promoter methylation in urothelial carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4943. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4943


To determine the effect of a 30-minute application of cold pack in soleus muscle in muscular force and fatigue after 1, 3, and 7 days after subjection to 2 hours of ischemia...


A two-phase adhesive composition and selective debonding agent are described. The adhesive composition comprises a substantially continuous first phase comprising a pressure sensitive adhesive and a discontinuous second phase comprising crosslinked silicone gel microparticles. When applied, the selective debonding agent is absorbed by the gel microparticles. The gel microparticles change size or shape and facilitate debonding the adhesive from a substrate by decreasing the contact area between the adhesive and the substrate. Methods to selectively debond pressure sensitive adhesive compositions, methods of making the pressure sensitive adhesive compositions, articles that utilize the pressure sensitive adhesive composition, adhesive systems, and kits that include an article containing the pressure sensitive adhesive composition and the selective debonding agent, are also described.


By using rules defined by quaternion algebra the Julia set can be extended to four dimensions. Techniques for visualizing the four dimensional Julia set as a three dimensional object has previously been explored, however those techniques usually ignores the fourth dimension. In this paper we describe our attempt to extend the already established technique of ray tracing Julia sets to fully incorporate its four dimensional properties. We also discuss an optimization algorithm that drastically increases the amount of details in images and shortens rendering time. We have tried to describe the methods we use in detail in order to help people interested in fractals or computer graphics to reproduce our results.


Shows an illustration of many activities on the ski slopes, with a ski-tow, and skiers, including a skiing kiwi. In the left foreground is a yellow Maori carved gateway, and at the right, palms, hibiscus, kowhai and clematis.
If this poster was issued by the Tourist and Publicity Department, the artist is likely to be L G McCullough, listed as an artist with the department from the mid-1950s to after 1970.
Quantity: 1 colour art print(s) on poster.
Physical Description: Colour silk-screen on poster 1010 x 665 mm.


The history of emancipation in the Caribbean stretches from the first struggles of maroon communities to free themselves through the ongoing struggles that have emerged after slavery. We trace this long history first by exploring the history of the maroons, then by turning to the abolition of slavery during the Haitian Revolution and in the British Caribbean in the early 19th century, through a focus on the role of rumors of abolition. We then turn to a focus on how the formerly enslaved anchored their freedom in forms of family land ownership that continues to shape life in the Caribbean.


A simple visible spectrophotometric method is described for the determination of pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate (PSS). The method is based on the formation of a brown colored product on treating PSS with permanganate in neutral medium, the absorbance being measured at 350 nm. The experimental conditions for the assay were optimized. The absorbance is found to increase linearly with the concentration of PSS and the calibration graph is linear in the range of 25-40.0 mu g ml(1) with a linear regression coefficient of 0.998. The calculated molar absorptivity value is 1.27x10(4) I mol(1) cm(-1) and the corresponding Sandel sensitivity is 0.0341 mu g cm(-2). The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) are calculated to be 0.49 and 1.47 mu g ml(1), respectively. Intra-day and inter-day accuracy expressed as relative error were better than 20% and the corresponding precision (RSD) was less than 25 %. The developed and validated method was applied to the determination of the active ingredient in a tablet dosage form and the results obtained agreed well with those of the reference method. The accuracy and reliability of the method were ascertained by performing recovery experiments via standard-addition procedure.


We present a planar hypohamiltonian graph on 42 vertices and (as a corollary) a planar hypotraceable graph on 162 vertices, improving the bounds of Zamfirescu and Zamfirescu and show some other consequences. We also settle the open problem whether there exists a positive integer N, such that for every integer n≥N there exists a planar hypohamiltonian/hypotraceable graph on n vertices. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 67: 55‐68, 2011


Microwave spectroscoy has been used to locate the position of the deuterium atoms in the products from the exchange of propene with either deuterium or deuterium oxide on a series of oxide catalysts. The evidence suggests that the main intermediates are carbonium ions on zirconia and untreated tin-antimony oxide, σ-allyl species on gallium oxide, propen-1-yl and to a lesser extent propen-2-yl and σ-allyl on γ-alumina, probably π-allyl on titania and magnesia, and both allyl species on used tin-antimony oxide. A very rapid double-bond shift reaction is believed to occur on magnesia at 200 K.


For Pinus radiata in New Zealand mean top height is essentially defined and calculated via one definition and the so-called Petterson equation. A study shows that changing the definition to one used overseas has very little impact on top height values. The Petterson model appears to give unbiased estimates of tree height. The basic relationship between tree height and diameter is not particularly precise, especially at low stockings. To ensure a satisfactory model, it is important that the sample trees have a wide range in diameter. Changing the power parameter in the Petterson equation has a negligible effect. Adopting alternative height/diameter equations gives a minimal improvement in precision in one case but significantly less precision with the other.


Side effects of praziquantel in a single-dose treatment of urinary schistosomiasis at 40 mg/kg were studied on 174 subjects by means of questioning clinical manifestations before and 24 hr after treatment. The numbers of abdominal pain/discomfort, nausea/vomiting and dizziness/lassitude increased after treatment at a statistically significant


We describe an approach for using charge collection measurement techniques to determine the LET of a particle that reaches the sensitive region with an unknown energy. The method requires that a calibration of the response of the sensitive region to particle LET be established. Then from this calibration, the unknown LET can be determined. We also give recommendation on how to use complex charge collection data to determine the distribution of particle LET reaching the sensitive region and how to correct the particle fluence for this distribution.


Being a nurse scholar is a balancing act that goes beyond juggling activities. It involves living with a tug-of-war, within the profession and often within oneself, between competing ideals and priorities. By nurse scholar, I am not referring solely to a nurse who holds a doctoral degree or a university appointment, but to all nurses who grapple with the movement of ideas back and forth across practice, theory, and empirical evidence. According to this definition, all nurses and nurse leaders attempting to implement evidence-based, evidence-informed, theory-driven, or even conceptually coherent practices are considered scholars, joined by nurse educators attempting to shape the next generation of the profession as well as nurse researchers, scientists, and scholars of various stripes attempting to consolidate and grow the body of thought connected to nursing. There is a deep and arguably widening divide between the focus of nurse academics and their output and the work of a large majority of those practising nursing. We struggle continually to explain what it is we do in anything but instrumental terms to ourselves and to those outside our profession. Many of us are ambivalent about nursing theory but are reluctant to abandon the idea of profession-specific expertise in nursing. In the end, our longstanding grappling as nurse scholars results from having a corpus of language, principles, and sometimes even methodological approaches that our socialization and our professional networks connect us to — but that have proved inadequate to address the breadth of practical and intellectual challenges confronting nurses. Furthermore, in the face of increasing pressure to address health-care concerns as perceived by patients, policy-makers, and interdisciplinary colleagues, overemphasis on discipline-specific language and orientations has led to communication breakdowns and even political and career barriers in today's practice and research environments. Perhaps the nurse scholar's dilemma is similar to that of the newly hatched professional who has come through an extended period of theoretically based study and finds that the practice world does not embrace CJNR 2014, Vol. 46 No 4, 3–6


Evacuated tube solar water heaters are gaining more attention in the present market scenario as compared to conventional collectors. Such collectors are versatile because no solar tracking is required and the operating temperature range is also broad. Comparatively, it is cost-effective and may attain higher thermal efficiency. However, like other collectors, continuous energy supply is sometimes hampered by the intermittent nature of solar radiation. This problem can be partially resolved by using phase change materials (PCM) in the evacuated tube solar collector (ETC). PCMs can store the energy during the sunshine hours, which can be released when solar energy is not available. In the literature, several studies are available pertaining to the use of PCMs in ETC-based solar water heaters. The literature indicates that the integration of PCMs with ETCs has several merits. Nevertheless, systematic, and comprehensive review papers dedicated to such integrated energy storage systems with ETC solar water heaters are not available. Hence, the objective of this work is to compile the relevant experimental, numerical, and theoretical works reported in the literature. The present paper broadly reviews the recent design modifications, PCM integration with different kinds of ETC water heaters, and their life cycle assessment. Furthermore, studies in the literature pertaining to the application of nanoparticles in ETC systems are also discussed, and finally, a roadmap for this energy storage system is provided.


The effect of a "don't know" option (DK-O) and of a "middle category" (MC) on the survey response has been frequently examined. While researchers agree on some points, they disagree on how these options should be interpreted. For instance, a DK-O or MC may not necessarily be chosen due to a lack of a neutral/moderate opinion. This article addresses the consequences of offering versus omitting a MC or/and a DK-O. Data were collected by means of an online survey dealing with student participation (n=1,282). The results showed respondents who choose a DK-O may not have a neutral opinion. Conversely, respondents who choose a MC may not necessarily be undecided.