BACKGROUND: Advances in technique and instrumentation have improved outcomes after resection of anterior skull base tumors. However, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak occurs in 4%-20% of patients. To reduce the risk of CSF leak, we have developed a novel reconstruction technique that consists of a 4-layered graft with patchwork suturing and hard material. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of this reconstruction technique when used for resection of anterior skull base tumors. METHODS: This case series included 59 patients with anterior skull base tumors in whom the 4-layered closure technique was used. The main outcome measures were complications, including CSF leak, meningitis, postoperative bleeding, and infection. RESULTS: There were no CSF leak cases or serious complications after closure of the anterior skull base using the 4-layered technique. CONCLUSION: Closure of the anterior skull base in 4 layers prevented CSF leak and was not associated with any serious complications. However, further studies in larger numbers of patients are needed to confirm our outcomes using this closure method.


A mathematical model to describe the wave-shaped defect generation and stretching process of thin strips is established by using ABAQUS to study the stress characteristics and deformation behavior of strips under initial strain. Influencing factors on the straightening effect are analyzed in the tension straightening process. The deformation process of wave-shaped defects is divided into a generation phase,a stretching stage,and an elastic recovery phase. The elastic-buckling wave of thin steel strips and the elasticplastic-buckling wave of aluminum strips as two typical wave-shaped forms are focused on to investigate the change of wave steepness and system energy. During the process of tension straightening,the number and height of the elastic-buckling wave both change,while the height of the elastic-plastic-buckling wave does continuously only. After straightening,the residual stress distribution of the elasticbuckling wave is similar to the initial stress distribution,while the residual stress distribution of the elastic-plastic-buckling wave makes a significant difference. The steepness of the residual wave increases with the increase of initial wave steepness and decreases with the increase of strip thickness. The straightening effect of the elastic-plastic-buckling wave is more significant.


The Swedish construction industry has long been criticized for being inefficient. It has been claimed that 80 percent of all content within the construction process is the same for all projects and there are therefore huge opportunities for improvements. The project manager is essential for the successful delivery of construction projects. The purpose of this master thesis is to analyze how BIM (Building Information Modelling) can be utilized by project managers. It is also examined how the project manager's role and the relationships to other stakeholders are affected when BIM is employed in construction projects. In total, twelve separate interviews were conducted, whereof six were with project managers and six with BIM experts. It was concluded that project managers generally have little knowledge concerning BIM, which makes it hard for them to see its applications. The study revealed that BIM can help project managers in the task of delivering successful projects. Through BIM a better basis for decisions is provided in comparison with traditional projects. In addition, the benefits of better communication and quality are granted. The communication benefit is valuable for creating mutual understanding regarding goals, and moreover the quality benefits allows for better control of the project. Many of the interviewees wished for more utilization of linking the building information model to time, which would provide increased control in the construction phase. Many of the benefits with BIM do not apply to the project manager directly, but contributes to the project as a whole, with better profit margins and making delivering a successful project more likely. The fundamental challenge regarding the implementation of BIM is the personal opinion. Pilot projects are essential for changing the personal opinion, as all interviewees who had personal experience of working with BIM had a good impression and wanted to continue working with it. The project managers' role will remain the same in BIM projects as in traditional projects. However, the project manager might be required to learn some new skills related to working with BIM. The project managers' relationships to other stakeholders are required to move towards more partnering-like relationships for effective implementation of BIM.


Recently, measurements with slope sensitive optical tests, such as shearing interferometry, Shack-Hartmann test, or Ronchi test, have become of great interest. The primary outcome of these measurements are the slope or difference data of the wavefront under test. Therefore, a numerical reconstruction procedure is necessary to integrate these difference data in order to obtain the desired wavefront map. This paper describes a numerically efficient reconstruction technique for orthogonal difference data as they are obtained, e.g., in lateral shearing interferometers. The reconstruction process consists of two steps. The integration is carried out as a filtering operation in the spatial frequency domain. Since it requires two full rectangular arrays of valid x- and y-difference data, an additional step is necessary to accommodate for general pupil shapes, e.g., circular pupil with central obscuration. This additional step consists of synthetically generating difference data at the previously invalid data points. The reconstruction is unbiased and has a very slow error propagation, i.e., the variance of the noise on the reconstructed wavefronts is approximately equal to the variance of the difference noise.


Immediately after the sample that is to accompany a request for certification of a batch of color additive is taken, the batch shall be: (a) Stored in containers of such kind as to prevent change in composition. (b) Held under the control of the person requesting certification until certified. (c) Marked, by labeling or otherwise, in a manner such that there can be no question as to the identity of the batch and no question that it is not to be used until the requested certificate has been issued.


SUMMARY Oral delivery of insulin was achieved using cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) resulting in reduced blood glucose levels (BGLs) in mice. Land D-form of penetratin was used to investigate the importance of CPP resistance to enzymatic degradation. Results demonstrated that a prolonged hypoglycemic effect was achieved using Dpenetratin compared to the L-form. INTRODUCTION Subcutaneous injections (SC) of insulin are currently an integral part in the daily treatment of diabetes, but several side effects such as hyperinsulinemia, pain and allergic reactions result in patient discomfort and low compliance. An alternative delivery route for insulin is therefore of great importance in the future development of diabetes treatments. Oral delivery of insulin is of great interest as not only does insulin absorbed from the intestines mimic the dynamics of endogenous insulin release, but oral delivery in general is typically associated with high patient compliance. Permeation of insulin across the mucosa of the intestines, however, is restricted by the hydrophilic nature and size of insulin as well as enzymatic degradation which poses a severe barrier for oral insulin delivery. CPPs belong to a class of peptides which promotes cellular uptake of biomolecules such as proteins and oligonucleotides by facilitating uptake across cellular membranes [1]. Penetratin is one such CPP and is characterized by its amphipathic alpha-helical structure as well as a number of cationic residues. The cationic amino acids enable interaction with insulin as well as the glycocalyx while the hydrophobic tryptophan and phenylalanine residues enable penetratin to insert itself into the cell membrane as part of the uptake process. In this study, we investigated the effect of using the D-form of penetratin compared to the L-form and a penetratin analogue (L-Sample 6) [2] in order to address the enzymatic degradation of the CPPs in the gastrointestinal system. Physical mixtures of insulin and penetratin was dosed by oral gavage to mice and followed by measurement of insulin plasma concentrations and the reduction of BGLs. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS Specific amounts of recombinant human insulin were dissolved in 100 μl 0.1N HCl in polypropylene tubes, then the insulin solution was diluted with 2.8ml phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 6, containing 0.001% methylcellulose, which prevents the adsorption of the CPP on the tube surface, and normalized with 100 μl 0.1N NaOH. Specific amounts of Lpenetratin and D-penetratin were measured in polypropylene tubes and an aliquot of insulin solution was added to the tubes and mixed gently. For measurement of the hyperglycemic effect, animals were fasted for 24h prior to dosing. 100μl of the insulin-CPP (10IU/kg) solution was administered by oral gavage and BGL was measured at specific time points up to 6 hours after dosing. The pharmacological availability (compared to SC injection) was calculated from the area above the curve (AAC). Insulin plasma concentrations was measured in separate experiment to avoid influence of anesthesia on BGLs. Animals were dosed (10IU/kg) as described above. 10 minutes after dosing, anesthesia (50mg/kg) was administered by i.p. injection and blood samples were collected from the jugular vein at time points up to 90 minutes. Insulin plasma concentrations were determined by ELISA. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION BGLs decreased in dose-dependent manner after oral administration of the insulin (10IU/kg)penetratin (5mM) physical mixture. In the case of D-penetratin reduction of BGL lasted up to 6h reaching 40% after 4h compared to an insulin control group (Fig. 1). Fig. 1: Blood glucose concentration vs. time profile following oral dosing of 10IU/kg insulin with different forms of penetratin (5mM). (n = 4-5), error bars indicate s.e.m. Previous studies have shown L-Penetratin to enhance the uptake of insulin more efficiently than D-penetratin in in situ loop models [3]. We speculate that the high reduction of BGLs for the insulin-D-penetratin observed in this study is a result of the increased enzymatic stability of the D-form passing through the gastrointestinal system. Significant increase in the AAC was seen for both L (~10 times), D-penetratin (~30 times) and L-Sample 6 (~20 times) compared to the insulin control (Fig. 2). A pharmacological availability of 21% was obtained compared to a subcutaneous administration (1IU/kg) of insulin highlighting the promise of the use of enzymatically stable CPPs in oral delivery of insulin. Insulin plasma concentrations were measured to confirm the effect of insulin on BGLs after administration of the insulinpenetratin solution. In line with the BGLs, a significant increase in insulin plasma concentrations was observed in animals receiving D-penetratin and insulin compared to the insulin control group.


The aim of this study is to determine and evaluate the silicon effect on saffron under salt stress. Saffron, Crocus sativus L., was grown in different treatments of NaCl in presence and absence of silicon in its soluble form, ortho silicic acid (SiOH)4. The obtained results showed that the silicon acted positively on biometric and biochemical studied parameters; the number of bulbs was15.24 and 20% more important in treatments of 50 and 100 mM of NaCl, respectively, with silicon compared to those obtained in its absence; silicon increased weights of bulbs by 34% for the treatment of 50 mM NaCl and 8% for the treatment of 100 Mm. Moreover, supplementary Si ameliorated chlorophyll content. In the presence of silicon, the proline content was reduced about 60 and 95% in the bulbs and aerial parts respectively, indicating, the less stressed status of salted plants grown in 100 mM of NaCl and the amount of total sugar enhanced. In conclusion of this study, silicon strengthened the immunity of saffron by reducing the adverse effect of salinity that can make it an ally for the valorization of regions affected by salinity and for the climate change adaptation of this species.


Abstract Malay tribe generally erected colonnaded building or storeyed house, including those who live in Medan. Storeyed houses located in Medan were partly built in colonial period (end of 19th century) to early independences (mid of 20th century). Construction of the building and its ridge shape are highly varied.


Abstract The OVERSEER® nutrient budgets model is increasingly being used by farmers and regional councils to assess N and P inputs and outputs from farms. There are, however, few data for low fertility and high fertility soils in hill country grazed by sheep. Two farmlets at AgResearch Ballantrae, near Woodville, with no‐fertiliser (NF) and 375 kg ha‐1 year‐1 superphosphate high fertiliser (HF) added since 1980, were used to quantitatively estimate N and P cycles under sheep‐grazed pastures at two stages of N saturation. We present data on soils, N and P leaching, and uptake for a trial in which treatments to both farmlets were (a) control, (b) herbicide applied (for broadleaves), and (c) 300 kg N ha‐1 added annually. Trial plots were located on 3–9° slopes in each farmlet. In winter, seepage zones in mini‐catchments in each farmlet generated waters that allowed us to follow nutrient movement from soils to waters. Winter 2006 had above average rainfall, with one intense storm where surface runoff was observed. During other storms, water perched at about 300 mm depth in the subsoil, and moved to seeps solely by subsurface runoff. Mean nitrate‐N concentration in drainage at HF was highest in 2006, as were surface and subsurface runoff, giving a calculated annual loss of nitrate‐N of 44 kg N ha‐1, compared with 20 kg N ha‐1 in 2005 and 27 kg N ha‐1 in 2007. At NF, the losses ranged from 1–2 kg N ha‐1. P losses increased considerably during surface runoff. Mean annual losses in drainage for HF and NF, respectively, were 1.0 and 0.3 kg ha‐1 for dissolved reactive P, 8 and 4 kg ha‐1 for dissolved organic N (DON), and 121 and 228 kg ha‐1 for dissolved organic C (DOC). The DOC/DON ratio was lower at HF (16) than at NF (54). In the plots with 300 kg N added, soil N status increased at NF and losses increased from 2 to 14 kg N ha‐1 year‐1 at 200 mm depth; losses at HF were over 80 kg N ha‐1 year‐1. This suggests soils on these slopes in the HF farmlet can become saturated with N and no longer retain N; soils in the NF farmlet appeared to retain N fertiliser initially, but by years 2 and 3 they appeared to become saturated with N. Gaseous emissions of ammonia, NOx and N2 would also increase as pastures and soils become enriched with N. The OVERSEER® nutrient budgets model gave good predictions of N in waters but underestimated P losses. The pathways of both gaseous losses and immobilisation of N in soils require further study to better quantify the N cycles.


In a previous paper [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 38, 931(A) (1965)], a solution, including the transient as well as the steady state, of the viscous‐wave equation νuxxT+c02 × uxx−uTT=0 was given for the radiation condition u(0,t)=u0H(t) sin ωt, where H(t) is the unit step function. Improvement and analysis of the transient solution is discussed in this paper. As distance from the source increases, there is a rather surprising growth of the transient relative to the steady‐state signal. For example, at a distance such that the steady‐state wave has decayed 20 dB, the transient amplitude is about 2.4 times that of the steady state. At this point, the transient signal extends for about a wavelength on either side of the position x=c0t. Implications with respect to sound‐velocity measurements are raised. [Work supported by the Mechanics Division, U. S. Air Force of Scientific Research, Office of Aerospace Research.]


This paper reveals the inner link between series of digital item and power series.Also,it concludes concise methods of solving exercises of infinite series.


SIR,-During experiments on the interaction between cheese and monoamheoxidase inhibitors in cats (Maj & Langwihski, 1966) we noticed that repeated administration of tyramine decreased the blood pressure. We now report on investigation of this depressor action. The experiments were made on 38 cats anaesthetised with chloralose (80 mg/kg, Lp.), most of them pretreated with nialamide (20 mg/kg, i.p.). Blood pressures were recorded from the carotid artery by a mercury manometer and all the substances were injected into a femoral or jugular vein. Repeated doses of tyramine were given until complete tachyphylaxis to its pressor effect was obtained, the total dose being 4-8 mg/kg. After this, the subsequent injection produced only a depressor response. The minimal hypotensive dose of tyramine was 1-3 mg/kg. Higher doses (10-50 mg/kg) caused a 30-70 mm Hg fall in blood pressure. The onset of the depressor response was delayed for 15-30 sec, and the minimal level was seen 1-2 min after injection and then the blood pressure increased gradually to reach the initial value within 5-1 5 min. In some cats, after the large doses, the blood pressure did not return at all. The hypotensive effect was observed also in cats not treated with nialamide, but under these conditions the total dose of tyramine needed to induce the blood pressure decrease was 3-5 times greater. After reserpine (3 mg/kg, i.p.) injected one day before, the depressor response to tyramine appeared more rapidly than in untreated animals. The hypotensive action of tyramine was not influenced by bilateral cervical vagotomy, pretreatment with atropine sulphate (0.5 mg/kg) blockade of the a-adrenergic receptors with dihydroergotamine (03 mg/kg) or of the 8-adrenergic receptors with dichloroisoprenaline (5-10 mg/kg). It was antagonised only by the antihistamine drugs, antazoline hydrochloride (10-30 mg/kg) and cyclizine hydrochloride (2 mg/kg). The depressor response to tyramine has also been observed after repeated doses in rats anaesthetised with urethane (1 g/kg), especially in those previously treated with nialamide. The doses of 2-8 mg/kg produced a 20-70 mm Hg blood pressure fall. Atropine had no influence on this action, but antazoline abolished it. contracted the isolated guinea-pig ileum, an effect partially antagonised by atropine ( Antazoline ( protected the atropinised ileum completely against the contractive action of tyramine. The results of our experiments on the depressor response to tyramine, especially the delayed onset and the antagonistic effect of antihistamine drugs seem t o indicate that this action of tyramine is mediated through the release of histamine. The fact that the response was more pronounced in cats pretreated with monoamine oxidase inhibitor may be a consequence of a simultaneous diamine oxidase blockade, well known from the literature. In fact we have observed a stronger hypotensive action of exogenous histamine in these cats. The hypotensive action of tyramine in some species has been reported by several authors. Dresse & Cession-Fossion (1961) observed it in rats pretreated with guanethidine. Maxwell & others (1959) observed it in reserpinised dogs, but they did not analyse it. Vanderipe & Kahn (1964) reported a number of facts indicating that the depressor response to tyramine in dogs depends on the histamine liberation. According to Chandra, Dhawan & Gupta (1965) this response in dogs may be induced by the release of acetylcholine. Only Paton (1957) suggested the histamine releasing properties of tyramine in cats from the skin preparation. Tyramine (5 x


The main goal of this letter is introducing a new method for analyzing the vulnerability of costumers' equipment due to the transient over voltages. For this purpose, a method by using the cumulative curve of transient voltages in the customer terminal is proposed. By comprising this curve with the intersection of customers' acceptable voltage curves, the safety operation of customers in the presence of over voltages will be guaranteed.


The low-temperature paramagnetic spectra of the compounds CeSn/sub 3-//sub x/In/sub x/ (0..0) and ..gamma.. ( = C/T), in quantitative agreement with Fermi-liquid relations. The spectra are well described by an analytic function chi''(..omega..) for the degenerate Anderson model. Fits to the data suggest that, if n/sub f/approx. =1, the ground-state degeneracy of Ce is close to 6 ( = 2J+1).


Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has conducted several studies for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to evaluate the status and condition of Canada geese on the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River. This report summarizes results of studies of Canada geese (Branta canadensis moffitti) at the Hanford Site dating back to the 1950s. Results include information on the nesting (reproductive) success of Canada geese using the Hanford Reach, review of the local and regional migration of this species using data from bird banding studies, and summary data describing monitoring and investigations of the accumulation of Hanford-derived and environmental contaminants by resident goose populations.


Fuzzy logic has recently gained popularity in the development of robust non-linear control convenient for real-time applications, satisfying the high-performance requirements of the control systems by dealing with data imprecision and noise. There are, however, problems in designing a unique controller that will provide system stability and desirable performance in the presence of plant model uncertainties and time delays. The aim of this investigation is to develop a simple approach for the design of an incremental PI-like single-input fuzzy controller (SI FC) that ensures a robust performance in the closed-loop system for the control of industrial plants with time delays and model uncertainties. The main results are: 1) derivation of a robust performance criterion of the SI FC system in the frequency domain, employing the stabilization of the system linear part, the linearization of the fuzzy unit and the Popov stability approach; 2) development of an SI FC tuning algorithm; 3) application of the design approach for the control of air temperature in a furnace using MATLAB TM, and assessment of the advantages over an ordinary PI controller. The designed SI FC preserves system stability and performance for a high range of plant model uncertainties.


Water tunnel studies were performed to qualitatively define the flow field of the F-15 aircraft. Two lengthened forebodies, one with a modified cross-sectional shape, were tested in addition to the basic forebody. Particular emphasis was placed on defining vortex flows generated at high angles of attack. The flow visualization tests were conducted in the Northrop diagnostic water tunnel using a 1/48-scale model of the F-15. Flow visualization pictures were obtained over an angle-of-attack range to 55 deg and sideslip angles up to 10 deg. The basic aircraft configuration was investigated in detail to determine the vortex flow field development, vortex path, and vortex breakdown characteristics as a function of angle of attack and sideslip. Additional tests showed that the wing upper surface vortex flow fields were sensitive to variations in inlet mass flow ratio and inlet cowl deflection angle. Asymmetries in the vortex systems generated by each of the three forebodies were observed in the water tunnel at zero sideslip and high angles of attack.


A new methodology for the design of filters that permits failure detection and isolation of dynamic systems is presented. Assuming that the normal and the faulty behavior of a process can be modeled by two linear systems subject to inequality bounded perturbations, a method for the on-line implementation of a test signal, guaranteeing failure detection, is proposed. To improve the fault detectability of the dynamic process, appropriate test signals are injected into the system. All the computations required by the proposed method are implemented as the solution of large sparse linear optimization problems. A simple numerical example is given to illustrate the proposed procedure.


Background: Adverse maternal and infant health outcomes are influenced by a broad array of psychosocial determinants and behavioral risk factors. We evaluated the correlations between risk factors including mental illness and substance misuse among women from high-risk ZIP Codes in Indianapolis enrolled in a community-based perinatal care program.
Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study of 918 women enrolled in the WeCare community perinatal care program. Data was collected during visits by community health workers (CHWs). CHWs met with the patients at home or over the phone and provided individually tailored care related to mental health, substance use, and nutrition amongst other topics.
Results: Women with anxiety or depression were nearly twice as likely to experience complications during birth (depression: 22.4% vs. 11.5%, p = 0.022; anxiety: 21.9% vs. 11.2%, p = 0.007). Women with depression were also nearly twice as likely to report substance misuse (18.4% vs. 9.6%, p = 0.046) and women with anxiety were more than twice as likely to report substance misuse (21.9% vs. 9.0%, p = 0.0004) as well as smoking during pregnancy (21.9% vs. 9.7%, p = 0.0012). Women who reported stable or improved anxiety symptoms were less likely to report substance misuse (8.6% vs. 19.0%, p = 0.004) and women who reported stable or improved depression symptoms were less likely to report substance misuse (8.4% vs. 24.1%, p = 0.0002). There was a strong correlation between anxiety and depression. Over 70% (71.4%) of women with depression also presented with anxiety, and over 90% (92.2%) of women who reported stable or improved depression symptoms also reported stable or improved anxiety symptoms.
Conclusions: Many of the risk factors associated with adverse maternal and infant health outcomes exist in interwoven relationships. The inclusion of CHWs into a healthcare team could assist in addressing these factors together in a holistic manner.


Sera from 31 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and from 49 patients with Yersinia enterocolitica 0:3 infection were examined for the presence of rheumatoid factors (RF) and antibodies against denatured (ss) DNA and Y. enterocolitica 0:3 lipopolysaccharide (LPS), by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Anti-ssDNA antibodies of IgG class were found equally often in the RA as in yersinia patients. The IgM-anti-ssDNA antibody levels were also elevated in the yersinia patients, whereas the RA patients had elevated levels of IgA-anti-ssDNA antibodies. High levels of RF were seen in the RA patients and an increase in IgA-RF activity was observed during the acute stage in the yersinia arthritis patients. An overlap in the serological profiles of RA and yersinia arthritis was further seen in th results of the anti-Y. enterocolitica LPS determinations, a anti-LPS antibodies of IgG class were present not only in yersiniosis but also in 16% of the RA patients.


THIS account concerns the anatomy of the ' nerves to blood-vessels', a problem that has excited the attention of anatomists and surgeons for many years. The classic nineteenth-century anatomists were well aware of the existence of branches from certain of the peripheral nerves to the main limb arteries, and their accounts of the topography of such nerves have never been excelled. The present investigation was undertaken as an attempt to bridge the gap between these gross macroscopical appearances, and those microscopical features of blood-vessel innervation concerning which the literature affords many exhaustive accounts. Human fetuses preserved in a particular manner, and dissected under the low-power microscope, show certain topographical differences between (a) the neural plexus upon main axial blood-vessels and (b) the long and exceedingly delicate nerve filaments supplying deep arteries to skeletal muscle, and other collateral vessels. The conclusions deriving from this topographical study are discussed in relation to present-day concepts concerning the morbid physiology and treat-ment of intermittent claudication.


Characterization, management and remediation of military munitions, especially in underwater environments, is a challenging task given all the technical and physical barriers. Optical cameras are better suited for identifying the physical shape of objects. But in underwater, low visibility almost prohibits the use of these cameras. Acoustic imaging is a good alternative to this, but the characteristics of imaging along with numerous artifacts of physical systems which are not easy to model, makes the object recognition task non-trivial. We explore here the possibility of exploiting the geometry of the object shadows for identification of objects itself. The inherited imperfections of the data and the numerous artifacts of sonar systems are counteracted via the use of a fusion algorithm which incorporates evidence from multiple perspectives. A Dempster-Shafer belief theoretic evidence updating scheme which is capable of modeling a wider variety of data imperfections is used for the fusion task. We illustrate the method via the use of real data obtained at a test site located in the Florida Atlantic University premises.


In this paper, "innovative intelligence–biased technological change" (IIBTC) is examined as an alternative to the traditional concept of skill-biased technological change (SBTC) as a source of increases in wage inequality. The innovative intelligence of ordinary or average workers is an important element in productivity and can be heterogeneous across workers. Because technologies are heterogeneous in that they have different characteristics and are used in different situations, some technologies are "innovative intelligence-biased" and are advantageous for workers with relatively high innovative intelligence. If IIBTC prevails over a certain period of time, these workers become additionally advantaged and thereby wage inequality will increase during the period.


Two-level fractional factorial designs have been widely used in industry,agriculture and scientific experiments.For constructing two-level fractional factorial designs,a method called doubling has been recently used.In particular,in constructing those of resolution IV,doubling is a simple but very powerful method.In this paper,we use the symmetric L2-discrepancy as the measure of uniformity,obtain result connecting the symmetric L2-discrepancy of D(X) and the generalized wordlength pattern of X.We conclude that if X has less generalized aberration,then D(X) has lower symmetric L2-discrepancy,i.e.,D(X) has better uniformity.


Joanna Baillie utilized both large- and small-scale stage spectacle to enact her theory of sympathetic engagement. Placing Baillie's Introductory Discourse in conversation with Edmund Burke and Adam Smith, I show how Baillie uses the figure of the condemned criminal as her prototype of what I call small-scale spectacle. For Baillie, such moments of individual suffering could be located by audiences in the movement and gestures of the sufferer. Nevertheless, Baillie also found sympathetic, as well as cautionary, potential in large-scale stage spectacle, which she identifies as banquets, battles, and processions. Baillie both uses and critiques such large-scale spectacle in Count Basil as she instructs her audience on the most productive ways of seeing and on sympathetic identification. I argue that, for Baillie, the theatre was a classroom where sympathy could be taught, and the various types of stage spectacle could be productive of a more sympathetic populace.


From the early days of New France to the 20th century, dreams have had innumerable spiritual meanings to the Haudenosauncee (Iroquois Indians)


Grupo Editorial "Ediciones Futuro" Universidad de las Ciencias Informáticas. La Habana, Cuba firstname.lastname@example.com 1 3Stadius Center for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing and Data Analytics and IMEC, Leuven, BE. Leuven, Belgium 2Aston University, United Kingdom. 1Universidad de Oriente. Center of Neuroscience and Signals and Image Processing, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is a condition where the patient is exposed to abnormally prolonged nonconvulsive epileptic seizures (NCES)(epileptic seizures without evident physical symptoms). Hence, the diagnosis can only be stated by means of EEG monitoring. NCSE and NCES are associated with severe irreversible brain damage and poor outcome. Hence, the prompt recognition of patients at risk of suffering NCSE is necessary in order to manage them properly and to prevent further brain injury. However, despite the clinical efforts to manage NCES and NCSE, and improve the patient's outcome, monitoring this pathology in real-time is very difficult. In a previous work of these authors, a patient specific method is proposed to detect the NCES. This method identifies the NCES by exploiting the similarity between the first NCES detected by the physician on the EEG and the rest of NCES in the recording. The method used a support vector machine classifier to perform the classification, obtaining specificity, and sensitivity, results over 98%. However, the method was vulnerable to missclassify epochs with EEG patterns resembling a NCES. In this paper, we propose a complementary method based in partial least squares (PLS) to improve the identification of the NCES patterns of the previously proposed method in dubious EEG segments. The proposed method improved the SVM based model performance obtaining specificity ans sensitivity values over 99%.


A new fading spectrophotometric method for determination of trace iodine was developed.I(V) reacts with excess I-in 0.048 mol/L H3PO4 to produce I3-.After adding NaAc,I3-,further reacts with acridine orange(AO) to form an ion-association complex(1∶1),leading to the fading of AO.Beer's law for 0-0.48 μg/mL I(V) with the maximum fading wavelength locating at 491 nm in the visible region.The apparent molar absorption coefficient(e) was 1.72×105 L·mol-1·cm-1 and the detection limit was 7.47 μg/L.The interferences of oxidants including MnO4-were eliminated by adding hydrazine hydrochloride.The interferences of metal ions such as,Ca2+ and Fe2+ were separated by cation exchange resin.The method was applied to determine iodine in phosphate ore samples.The results well agreed with those obtained using national standard method.RSDs of 5 determinations for iodine were less than 1.32 %,and recoveries after I(V) standard solution addition varied from 100.3 % to 101.0 %.


In this paper, we characterize the restrained convex dominating sets in the corona, lexicographic and Cartesian products of two connected graphs and then determine the corresponding restrained convex domination numbers of these graphs. Mathematics Subject Classification: 05C69


Abstract We determined the capture efficiency of a beach seine as a means of improving abundance estimates of small fishes in littoral areas. Capture efficiency for 14 taxa (individual species or species groups) was determined by seining within an enclosure at night over fine and coarse substrates in the John Day Reservoir, Oregon–Washington. Mean efficiency ranged from 12% for prickly sculpin Cottus asper captured over coarse substrates to 96% for peamouth Mylocheilus caurinus captured over fine substrates. Mean capture efficiency for a taxon (genus or species) was generally higher over fine substrates than over coarse substrates, although mean capture efficiencies over fine substrates were significantly greater for only 3 of 10 taxa. Capture efficiency generally was not influenced by fish density or by water temperature (range, 8–26°C). Conclusions about the relative abundance of taxa captured by seining can change substantially after capture efficiencies are taken into account.


Psychological ownership came into view in the studies of management, to understand attitude, behaviour, and motivation of employees. Recently, psychological ownership is also adopted in marketing practices. Consumer's psychological ownership appears to play an important role in online behavioural advertising. With more use and comprehensive application of psychological ownership in online behavioural advertising additional understanding and explanation could be provided. The objective of this study is to provide insights of psychological ownership towards online behavioural advertising. A framework is proposed in the end considering the two pillars of online behavioural advertising i.e. personalization and privacy concerns. This work opens up multiple avenues for future research focused on OBA and psychological ownership.


The Tennessee Valley Authority was established in 1933 as part of the New Deal, and the construction of Norris Dam, its inaugural project, went far in helping the authority fulfill its mission to improve flood control and deliver hydroelectric power.


We consider the problem of a "manager" who controls some variables y that affect a set of interacting, goal-oriented agents. We model such agents as players in a noncooperative game, with y being parameters of that game. So the manager's problem is how to change the game so that the resultant equilibrium behavior of the players optimizes a utility function of the manager. This can be viewed as an extension of the problem of mechanism design, to allow bounded rational players, to exploit knowledge concerning players not directly affected by y, and to allow arbitrary types of y. We introduce a solution to this problem and illustrate it with computer experiments.


This work is devoted to assessing the financial health of the contributory organizations through financial analysis for the period 2007-2009. It is a specific high school in Zlin re-gion, which includes a school farm, which provides practical training of students. Breeding animals at the school farm come from their own livestock and products of plant and animal products from own production, therefore, are recorded in the accounting carrying cases, which are subsidized organizations occur sporadically. After making the total horizontal and vertical analysis of financial statements and operating ONIV therefore be given to the analysis of specific accounts (ie 123, 124, 026). The result of the work will be interpretation of the analysis of any proposals for possible solutions to improve the financial health of an organization with an emphasis on school management and operating subsidies.


In this paper, we give the strongest admissible polar topology F(Us) for which it has the same s-multiplier convergent sequence as weak topology in the locally convex space. Also we obtain the sufficient condition and necessary condition for Thus, we prove that c0 (or lp, 0 p )- multiplier convergence is invariants with respect to all admissible polar topology.


The situation in Indonesia and unique potential of the rabbits provides the opportunity for rabbit development. Rabbits form an integral part of the complex farming activities. Its farming activity is characterised by small in scale, limited capital investment, limited knowledge of technical farming operation, and in some areas lack of ability to market products and also lack of cooperation among raisers. In this last 4-5 years, rabbit farming has been gaining its popularity in Indonesia. A significant increase, not only in rabbit population, but also in numbers of areas and farmers interested in raising rabbits is recorded. A shift from improving family health and nutrition, through rabbit meat consumption, to an increased income-oriented farming occurs almost everywhere. It is a profitable farming practise, with the Benefit/Cost ratio that varies from 1.1 to 2.7 depending on the system and scale of farming. Scale of farming varies from 5 to 500 does, with different farming system operations. At micro( 50 does) a combination of forages and commercial feed is practised. For micro and small scale operation, especially in a new growing area, where market is initially less available, a strong cooperation of farmers is suggested. A strategic development, as partly applied to an area in Central Java, involving a group of farmers, is considered succesful. This strategy, introduced as 'Rabbit Village Concept', includes training of member-farmers, village breeding, strengthening the program and management of the organization, creating market and promotion of rabbits.


Through introducing the situation of dealing key technology of constructing Zhanghe main bridge of nine spans consecutive girder at the freeway along the Yangtze river,such as construction control,optimization construction scheme,gather together and system conversion,a beam line type control and so on,which can give reference for similar construction.


ABSTRACT At least since the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution, the geographical distribution of aphids, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere, has been strongly affected by the low thermal tolerance of their obligatory bacterial symbiont, Buchnera aphidicola, which was why the aphids switched to obligate parthenogenesis in low latitudes. Hormaphidids and greenideids penetrated into the tropics only after the Oligocene strengthening of climate seasonality, and specialisations of the tropical representatives of these families did not allow them to spread further south (in the case of cerataphidines), or only allowed in few cases (in the case of greenideids). Aphids suffered from the Mesozoic–Cenozoic boundary extinction event much more strongly than other insects. The extinction was roughly coincidental with the establishment of the tight symbiosis of aphids with formicine and dolichoderine ants, which was accompanied by the flourishing of all three groups. In the Cretaceous, all of the representatives of extant and subfamilies occupied positions that were subordinate to Armaniinae and Sphecomyrminae. Prior to large ant colonies evolving their efficient ant–aphid mutualism, the aphids remained unprotected before the growing ant predation. The origin of the aphid trophobiosis with large colonies of Formicinae and Dolichoderinae has resulted in the steep decline of aphids left beyond that ant–aphid symbiotic network. By at least the basal Eocene (unlike the Late Cretaceous), ant proportions in the entomofauna increased sharply, and evident dominants emerged. Even now, aphid milkers from small colonies (hundreds of specimens) never protect their symbionts, and homopteran-tending ants are more likely to be dominant, with large colonies of 104–105 workers. The mutualistic ant–aphid system failed to cross the tropical belt during the Cenozoic because of Buchnera's low heat tolerance. As a result, the native southern temperate aphid fauna consists now of seven genera only, five of which are Late Cretaceous relicts. Some of them had relatives in Late Cretaceous amber of the Northern Hemisphere.


Preface. 1. Verb Classes and Aspectual Classification:. Introduction. Aspectual Classes of Verbs. The four aspectual classes. Testing for temporal constitution. Semelfactives. Can verbs, as opposed to VPs be aspectually categorized?. 2. Progressive Achievements:. Introduction. Progressive achievements and the imperfective paradox. Achievements are not accomplishments. Temporal Modification. Progressive achievements are different from progressive accomplishments. Deriving Progressive Achievements. Explanations. 3. Resultative Predication:. Introduction. The syntax of secondary predication -- a fast review. The semantic interpretation of secondary predication. Secondary predication as a summing operation. Semantic constraints on the secondary predication operation. The semantic interpretation of depictive predication. Object--oriented depictive predication. Subject oriented secondary predication. The semantics of resultatives. The interpretation of simple resultatives. The direct object restriction. Non--accomplishment resultatives. Type shifting in non--accomplishment resultatives. The rest of the questions. Dethematicised resultatives. Why do resultatives not occur with achievements or states?. Fake reflexives. Subject--oriented resultatives. Conclusions and the next set of questions. 4. The Structure of Accomplishments:. Incremental Themes and the notion of a extenta . Introduction. a Measuring outa and incrementality. Krifkaa s theory of quantization. A Theory of Accomplishments. What Are Incremental Themes?. Culminations. Incremental processes and incremental relations. Answering Some Questions about Accomplishments. Aspectual ambiguity with wipe and read. The incremental role of the incremental theme. Kennedy and Levin: Telicity in terms of degree measurements. 5. The Interpretation of Derived Accomplishments:. Aspectual Shift in Resultatives. Transitive Accomplishments. Intransitive resultatives. Why do resultatives have a a resulta meaning?. PPs as paths and PPs as results. Aspectual Shift in Progressive Achievements. The structure of the shift operation. The content of the activity and BECOME events. 6. Quantization, Telicity and Change:. Quantization. Krifkaa s theory of quantization. Telicity and Change. 7. Telicity and Atomicity:. Telicity and atomicity. Events have their denotation in the count domain. Homogeneity and S--cumulativity in the domain of individuals. Defining sets of atoms. Atomic structure in the domain of events. Atomicty and BECOME events. A note on degree predicates. For a time and in a time. 8. Event Structure and Aspectual Classification:. What are semelfactives?. Why does S--cumulativity characterise states and activities?. Why do we have the lexical aspectual classes that we do?. The general picture: lexical aspect and the structure of the domain of events. References. Index


There are many varieties of ivy but common ivy (Hedera helix ssp. helix) is themost prolific. There are approximately 15 species in the genusHedera that belong to the Araliaceae family. The plants are native to Europe, North Africa, and Asia but are now grown in many other countries. Three main subspecies are found in Europe, namely helix (English ivy), canariensis (Canary Island ivy), and poetarum. Subspecies helix is distinguished from the tri-lobed subspecies canariensis by its five-lobed green leaves. They are a family of evergreen, climbing, often ornamental plants found creeping over walls and trees. The subspecies H. helix ssp. helix was the first subspecies described. Common ivy should not be confused with poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans), which grows abundantly in the USA. Toxicodendron dermatitis is the most common cause of contact dermatitis in the USA with approximately 15% of the population being sensitized (1). It is not a true ivy and belongs to the Anacardiaceae family. Historically, due to its antifungal and antimicrobial properties, ivy extract was used therapeutically in a number of topical agents as well as in expectorants. In addition, antitumour properties have been described (2) in the past, and ivy extract has also been used in aFrench anti-cellulite cream (Helancyl, Laboratoires Ducray, Paris, France). Cases of both allergic and irritant contact dermatitis to the helix and canariensis subspecies were described as far back as 1899. The typical picture is of a linear and vesicular dermatitis and occurs mainly in the spring when ivy grows rapidly and is pruned. In 1987, Hausen et al. isolated three polyacetylene compounds from common ivy (subspecies helix and canariensis). These were falcarinol, the major allergen, didehydrofalcarinol, a weaker allergen, and falcarinone, a ketone oxidation product of falcarinol. Its role as a sensitizer is unproven (3). Given that ivy grows commonly in the UK, contact allergy is reported rarely.


Objective: To purify recombinant long-chain fatty acid alcohol oxidase(Fao) from E.coli BL21(DE3) cells transferred by fao gene and to study their physicochemical properties. Methods: Fao was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and phenyl-Sepharose HR5/5 chromatography.SDS-PAGE was used to determine the molecular weight of fao.The Km,acidic and alkaline stability,and substrate specificity of the recombinant long-chain fatty acid alcohol oxidase were analyzed. Results: After ammonium sulfate fractionation and phenyl-Sepharose HR5/5 chromatography,the recombinant enzyme was purified to homogeneity and the yield was 17.6%.Its molecular weight was about 64 000 as determined by SDS-PAGE.The Km for 1-dodecanol of the recombinant enzyme was between 2.5 and 3.0 μmol/L.The recombinant enzyme shows maximal activity at pH 8.5 and the activity at pH 7.0 was about 65% of that at pH8.5.The relative activity for C12 1-dodecanol was higher than that for some long-chain alkanediols and ω-hydroxy fatty acids. Conclusion: Recombinant long-chain fatty acid alcohol oxidase can be purified from E.coli BL21(DE3) cells transferred by fao gene;the recombinant enzyme was an alkaline enzyme;the preferred substrate of the enzyme is C12 1-dodecanol but some long-chain alkanediols and ω-hydroxy fatty acids were also acted on.


The effect of dissolved oxygen concentrations on the rate of biological oxidation of sulfide and elemental sulfur by the A-type sulfur-turf was examined. The rate of sulfide oxidation markedly increased concomitant with the increase in dissolved oxygen. Accompanying the sulfide oxidation, elemental sulfur was formed only a few minutes after the addition of hydrogen sulfide to the culture medium at a dissolved oxygen concentration of about 6 ppm. The catalase test of the A-type sulfur-turf was negative. As hydrogen peroxide is a very reactive intermediate inevitably accompanying the biological reduction of oxygen to water, it is probable that hydrogen sulfide was oxidized by hydrogen peroxide. Consequently, these results could be explained if the production of hydrogen peroxide was more active under oxic than the microoxic conditions. On the other hand, the rate of the elemental sulfur oxidation was suppressed both at low (0.2 ppm) and at high (3 to 6 ppm) dissolved oxygen concentrations. The optimum was about 1.5 ppm (Fig. 5). Therefore, it was concluded that the elemental sulfur oxidation by the A-type sulfur-turf was a microaerophilic reaction. Due to the continuous supply of anoxic water from a hot spring source, dissolved oxygen concentrations of the effluents where the A-type sulfur-turf occurred were kept under 1 ppm (1). Accordingly, at these low concentrations of dissolved oxygen, it seems likely that the oxidation of elemental sulfur was maximized, while the production of toxic hydrogen peroxide was minimized. These assumptions are sufficient to account for the preference of the A-type sulfur-turf for the microoxic habitat.


In this issue of PMT the accent is on improving the communication skills and strategies of those persons (teachers, parents, clinic and school personnel) who wish to assist children with learning disabilities. Robinson and Brosh focus on strategies to improve teachers' affective interpersonal communication skills. Towle describes a process through which parents or school personnel in any community can organize a present group to help themselves and their children. Gottesman details the collaborative efforts of clinic and school district personnel to provide evaluations of comprehension in children with severe learning difficulties and to facilitate communication between parents and the school. — D.A.S.


The cardiac natriuretic peptides (NPs) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) are both secreted by the heart in response to myocardial stress and stretch and act via binding to guanylyl cyclase-A (GC-A), with subsequent generation of the second messenger cyclic guanosine monophosphate. GC-A is widely expressed in mammals, e.g., in heart, kidney, vascular smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver, stomach, terminal ileum, lung, adrenals, and brain. Consequently, the NPs have pleiotropic actions, many of which can be considered to unload the heart, specifically vasodilation, natriuresis, and inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (1). Vila et al. (2) in the current issue of Diabetes present important information on the emerging metabolic actions of GC-A activation, specifically on its hunger and ghrelin suppressing actions (Fig. 1).

FIG. 1.
Potential effects of GC-A activation on metabolism and energy balance. There is emerging evidence from animal and human studies that GC-A activation by natriuretic peptides may modulate metabolism and energy balance. See text for details and Addisu et al. (21) for a study on gastric emptying.

Obesity, insulin resistance, and the metabolic syndrome have all been associated with reduced NP levels (3,4). The low level of NPs seen in obesity is at least in part due to decreased cardiac secretion and, in fact, cardiac NP levels have been shown to increase after bariatric …


The proliferation of dams in the amazon is not a recent phenomenon in Rondonia, started in 80's and recovered in last years, because the water potential of the region. The impacts are being gradually senses and known by the people, directly or indirectly, however, is very necessary tell about the process and understand dimension of the impacts. This article proposes a discussion based on three points: geographical aspects of Rondonia, understanding of the processes and impacts of each of the installed hydropower or in the process of being in Rondonia (Samuel, Jirau, Santo Antonio and Tabajara) and, finally, an analysis of the environmental compensation and a critical about social and environmental impacts. Such discussions are important not only from the scientific and academic point of view, but also from a social point of view, since it's indispensable to understand the magnitude of the problems, in order to better guide the compensation and public policies to minimize the environmental impacts experienced by impacted communities directly or indirectly.


The invention provides a method for remote sensing and estimating the yield of crops. The method comprises the following steps of: building a simple wheat yield forecasting model based on the instantaneity and wide regional coverage obtained by remote sensing information in combination with wheat yield forming process and weather environment relationship; coupling the remote sensing information with the estimated yield model through a modular design method, namely, replacing the parameter variable corresponding to the wheat estimation yield model by using the LAI inversed by remote sensing images in the heading stage and the biomass so as to estimate the single point wheat yield, wherein the yield estimation precision is more than 90%; and furthermore, remote sensing, sorting, monitoring and forecasting the area wheat yield by using a point (sample yield) and surface (remote sensing area) size conversion method so as to obtain area wheat yield remote sensing, sorting, forecasting specific topic graphs. The method is featured with directness, specificity, good time effectiveness and excellent practicability for the agricultural personnel to obtain the area wheat layout information or guide the production management.


The activities of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in international negotiations can constitute an incentive and a catalyst for the international community to address important issues, but can also represent a mere struggle for political influence and control. The negotiations which led to the adoption of the Convention on the Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal encompassed both elements. They gave a prominent role to NGO participation in all phases of the negotiating process, especially to NGOs driven by environmental concerns and ``green issues.'' The Basel Convention and the negotiating process leading to its adoption became milestones in international environmental negotiations. However, the outcome of those negotiations as well as the role of all participants were significantly weakened in the course of this process.


The subject matter of the present invention is a wear test stand for investigating the wear behavior of cylinder inner surfaces. In this case, a fixed counter body (12) is pressed with a round outer contour, for example with a cylindrical or semi-cylindrical shape under load against the cylinder inner surface of the rotating body to be tested (13). There is preferably a line contact between the two bodies. The need to inspect inner cylinder surfaces is particularly important for thermally-coated components because the process parameters for inner coatings are significantly different from those of an outer coating.


We discuss some aspects of infinitely exchangeable partition-valued stochastic processes. In particular, we introduce the the cut-and-paste process on the state space of partitions of the natural numbers whose sample paths differ from previously studied exchangeable coalescent (Kingman, 1982) and fragmentation (Bertoin, 2001) processes. Though it evolves differently, the cut-and-paste process possesses some of the same properties as its predecessors, including a unique equilibrium measure, associated measure-valued process, a Poisson point process construction and transition probabilities which can be described in terms of Kingman's paintbox process. A parametric subfamily is related to the Ewens process (Ewens, 1972) and admits further extensions which may be natural in certain biological applications. We close by discussing some related, but disjoint, work on exchangeable tree-valued processes. Information about building access for persons with disabilities may be obtained in advance by calling Matt Johnston at 773.702-0541 or by email (email@example.com).


A number of star-burst type tetranuclear complexes denoted by [Met(II)L 2 B] 3 RuX 8 (Met = Ru, Os) were examined by positive electrospray (ES) mass spectrometry, where L is bpy (2,2'-bipyridine) or btfmb (4,4'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2,2'-bipyridine), bridging ligand B is 1,1'-dimethyl-2,2'-bis(2-pyridyl)-6,6'-bibenzimidazole (dmbpbim), 2,2'-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)-4,4'-bipyridine (bbbpyH 2 ) or the related ligand, and X is ClO 4 - . Multiply charged ions with the charge state from 8+ to 3+ were observed in the full- scan ES mass spectra. Different charged ions were generated by the combination of counterion loss and protonation/deprotonation of the bridging ligand B. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) of the multiply charged ion made it clear that loss of one or more HX neutral is a major process for lower charge states, whereas complete fragmentation takes place for higher charge states and the fragments are based on a subunit group of [Met(II)L 2 B] 2+ . Insertion of formal O 2 - produced from ClO 4 - counterion was observed for the complexes without active protons even if low-energy CID experiments, but not for the complexes with active protons. Advantages of ES mass spectrometry are demonstrated for these multinuclear compounds and the CID chemistry of the ions investigated is discussed.


The Sama-Bajau or the Sinama-speaking peoples are deemed to be the most widely dispersed indigenous ethno-linguistic group in maritime Southeast Asia.  The Sama-Bajau "diaspora," which constitute a locus of points across territorially-defined spaces, gives rise to specific socio-cultural contexts which in turn results in the emergence of distinct notions of identity.  This diaspora, therefore, gives the student of culture the opportunity to observe ethno-genesis as either "completed," incipient or on-going processes of the creation of identities that exhibit rare tensions between ideas of sameness and difference.  The former is a function of a common origin, which may be real or perceived, while the latter results from site-specific sources of distinction such as those brought about by socio-cultural adaptation to environment, intercultural contact with other peoples or other external sources of culture change.  This article interrogates this tension between sameness and difference through a selection of examples seen in labels of self-designation, language, and, religious and ritual practices.


The article presents the results of investigation aimed at evaluating the influence of gestation period, physical growth and development as well as fetoplacental insufficiency absence or presence on the metabolic and micronutrient status of the newborns.


A solution is obtained to the boundary-value problem arising when transverse elastic waves propagate across an antiferromagnetic layer separating two elastic half-spaces under the linear approximation of magnetoelastic coupling. It is shown that, subject to certain constraints imposed on the layer thickness and wave frequency, an elastic wave can be totally reflected from the antiferromagnetic layer. The propagation of elastic waves across interfaces near orientational phase transitions in the antiferromagnetic layer is examined in detail.


(cid:1) Development of a model describing intra-granular fi ssion gas behaviour. (cid:1) Physically-based single-size bubble evolution model derived from cluster dynamics. (cid:1) Model comparisons to experimental data of bubble radius and number density. (cid:1) Uncertainty analysis performed on main model parameters. (cid:1) Model in line with the computational requirements for use in fuel performance codes. The description of intra-granular fi ssion gas behaviour is a fundamental part of any model for the pre- diction of fi ssion gas release and swelling in nuclear fuel. In this work we present a model describing the evolution of intra-granular fi ssion gas bubbles in terms of bubble number density and average size, coupled to gas release to grain boundaries. The model considers the fundamental processes of single gas atom diffusion, gas bubble nucleation, re-solution and gas atom trapping at bubbles. The model is derived from a detailed cluster dynamics formulation, yet it consists of only three differential equations in its fi nal form; hence, it can be ef fi ciently applied in engineering fuel performance codes while retaining a physical basis. We discuss improvements relative to previous single-size models for intragranular bubble evolution. We validate the model against experimental data, both in terms of bubble number density and average bubble radius. Lastly, we perform an uncertainty and sensitivity analysis by propagating the uncertainties in the parameters to model results. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).


The difficulties of operating HVDC system into weak AC system can be overcome by using the hybrid inverter. The objective of this paper is to find the best approach to implement the hybrid inverter. Among the various possible approaches, two artificially commutated converters employing the capacitive approach fulfill certain basic performance criteria with minimum cost. Hybrid inverter employing such circuits provides a technically superior and economically competitive alternative for operating HVDC into weak AC systems.


The invention relates to a functional-magnetic-nanoparticle immobilized enzyme and a preparation method thereof. By adopting defect position coordination on the surfaces of bisphenol with active functional group and magnetic nanometer particle, the invention introduces the active functional group on the surface of the magnetic nanometer particle and forms a covalent bond, so as to realize the purpose of the production of the immobilized enzyme. The preparation method of the immobilized enzyme is easy in reaction and operation, and the immobilized enzyme has higher reaction activity and chiral selectivity in chiral resolution and chiral synthesis, has good stability, and the higher reaction activity and chiral selectivity of the immobilized enzyme are kept after a plurality of times of circulation and use; in addition, the preparation method is suitable for popularization and is applicable for the immobilization of biomacromolecule.


A p-channel poly-Si/Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x//Si sandwiched conductivity modulated thin-film transistor (CMTFT) is proposed and demonstrated in this paper for the first time. This structure uses a poly-Si/Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x//Si sandwiched structure as the active layer to avoid the poor interface between the gate oxide and the poly-Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ material. Also an offset region placed between the channel and the drain is used to reduce the leakage current. Furthermore, the concept of conductivity modulation in the offset region is used to provide high on-state current. Results show that this structure provides high on-state current as well as low leakage current as compared to that of conventional offset drain TFTs. The on-state current of the structure is 1.3-3 orders of magnitude higher than that of a conventional offset drain TFT at a gate voltage of -24 V and drain voltage ranging from -15 to -5 V while maintaining comparable leakage current.


In order to promote the development of grassland,stack base and local ecological agriculture,we carried out experiment of selecting grasses with strong regeneration,high production and high WUE(water using efficiency).We studied the production,the rate of growth and the efficiency of water usage of regenerating grasses of 4 types in 2005.It shows that the second generation grasses of introduced types have higher production than the local grass,hooked Bristlegrass.Three types of introduced grasses,Macroptilium atropurpureum Siratro,Setaria sphacelata Narok,Brachiaria decumbens Basilisk are high throughput,more WUE,and stronger ability of regenerating,they thus are the grasses suitably planted in the hot-dry area of Jinsha River watershed.


In this study, the expression of chemokine receptors on the surface of circulating leukocytes was determined using flow cytometry. An increase in the percentage of CCR2+CD4+ lymphocytes was observed in the peripheral blood of leprosy patients. This preliminary data suggests that alterations occur in the chemokine receptor profile of these patients.


We derive an algorithm for computing the wave-kernel functions $\cosh\sqrt{A}$ and $\mathrm{sinhc}\sqrt{A}$ for an arbitrary square matrix $A$, where $\mathrm{sinhc}z=\sinh(z)/z$. The algorithm is based on Pade approximation and the use of double angle formulas. We show that the backward error of any approximation to $\cosh\sqrt{A}$ can be explicitly expressed in terms of a hypergeometric function. To bound the backward error we derive and exploit a new bound for $\|A^k\|^{1/k}$ that is sharper than one previously obtained by Al-Mohy and Higham [SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl., 31 (2009), pp. 970--989]. The amount of scaling and the degree of the Pade approximant are chosen to minimize the computational cost subject to achieving backward stability for $\cosh\sqrt{A}$ in exact arithmetic. Numerical experiments show that the algorithm behaves in a forward stable manner in floating-point arithmetic and is superior in this respect to the general purpose Schur--Parlett algorithm applied to these functions.


An integrated geophysical and geochemical investigation was conducted to investigate the metallic minerals hosted in the mafic and ultramafic rocks in the Bela Ophiolitic Complex. Two thousand magnetic observations were made along with six vertical electrical soundings, with Induced Polarization (IP) targeting the anomalous magnetic zones. The magnetic raw field data were interpreted qualitatively and quantitatively, and two anomalous zones (A1 and A2) were identified on the magnetic maps. The residual magnetic values in the high-magnetic-anomalous zone (A2) ranged from 310 nT to 550 nT, while the magnetic signatures in the low-magnetic zone (A1) ranged from –190 nT to 50 nT. The high-anomalous zone (A2) was distinguished by a high IP value ranging from 3.5 mV/V to 15.1 mV/V and a low apparent and true resistivity signature of 50 ohm·m. Whereas, the low-anomalous zone (A1) was distinguished by very low IP values ranging from 0.78 mV/V to 4.1 mV/V and a very high apparent and true resistivity of 100 ohm·m. The Euler deconvolution was used to determine the depth of the promising zone, which for A1 and A2 was in the 100 m range. The statistical analysis was carried out using hierarchical classification to distinguish between background and anomalous data. The high-magnetic anomalous signature of probable mineralization was in the range of 46,181 nT–46,628 nT, with a total intensity range of 783 nT–1166 nT. The major and trace-element analysis of the 22 rock and stream sediments collected from the high-magnetic-anomalous zone confirmed the mineralization type. The geomagnetic and geophysical cross sections revealed that anomalous mineralization was concentrated with the anticlinal Bela Ophiolitic Complex. The generated results also aided in the identification of rock boundaries, depth, and hidden faults in the area. The findings revealed that the study area has excellent mineralization associated with the ultramafic-rock sequence.


The national forests provide a substantial volume of firewood for America's households. The 17 national forest districts studied spent over $148,000 to provide over 25,000 personal-use firewood permits during the calendar year 1981; 86 percent of the permits were for freewood mostly in the form of dead or down wood. The remaining 14 percent were for greenwood sold either to households in the form of pickup load sales or through the sale of personal-size boundaries of marked timber. It cost the 17 districts almost $6.00 per permit to provide this service. The cost per permit varied by the district issuing the permit and by the system used to provide the wood. The cost by district ranged from less than $0.50 to $32.00 per permit; by system the cost ranged from approximately $2.80 for a dead or down permit to over $56.00 a permit to prepare a personal-size sale.


An oscillation controlling apparatus configured to control an oscillation frequency of an oscillation circuit to be a target frequency comprises a frequency acquiring unit configured to acquire a plurality of oscillation frequencies of the oscillation circuit for a plurality of values of control signals by outputting the plurality of control signals increasing or decreasing the oscillation frequency of the oscillation circuit as values thereof are increased or decreased; a frequency characteristic calculating unit configured to calculate data indicating a relationship between the plurality of oscillation frequencies and the plurality of values of the control signals with a least-square method, based on the plurality of values of the control signals output by the frequency acquiring unit and the plurality of oscillation frequencies acquired by the frequency acquiring unit; and a control signal output unit configured to output the control signal setting the oscillation frequency to the target frequency, based on the data calculated by the frequency characteristic calculating unit.


BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Anhedonia-a transdiagnostic psychopathological trait indicative of inability to experience pleasure-could lead to and result from adolescent marijuana use, yet this notion has not been tested. This study aimed to estimate the association of: (1) anhedonia at age 14 with rate of change in marijuana use over an 18-month follow-up, and (2) marijuana use at age 14 with rate of change in anhedonia over follow-up. Secondary aims were to test whether gender, baseline marijuana use history and peer marijuana use moderated these associations.

DESIGN
Observational longitudinal cohort repeated-measures design, with baseline (age 14 years), 6-month, 12-month and 18-month follow-up assessments.

SETTINGS
Ten public high schools in Los Angeles, CA, USA, 2013-15.

PARTICIPANTS
Students [n = 3394; 53.5% female, mean (standard deviation) age at baseline = 14.1 (0.42)].

MEASUREMENTS
Self-report level of anhedonia on the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale and frequency of marijuana use in the past 30 days.

FINDINGS
Parallel process latent growth curve models adjusting for confounders showed that baseline anhedonia level was associated positively with the rate of increase in marijuana use frequency across follow-ups [β, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.115 (0.022, 0.252), P = 0.03]. Baseline marijuana use frequency was not related significantly to the rate of change in anhedonia across follow-ups [β, 95% CI = -0.015 (-0.350, 0.321), P = 0.93]. The association of baseline anhedonia with faster marijuana use escalation was amplified among adolescents with (versus without) friends who used marijuana at baseline [β, 95% CI = 0.179 (0.043, 0.334) versus 0.064 (-0.071, 0.187), interaction P = 0.04], but did not differ by gender or baseline ever marijuana use.

CONCLUSIONS
In mid-adolescence, anhedonia is associated with subsequent marijuana use escalation, but marijuana use escalation does not appear to be associated with subsequent anhedonia.


Objective To assess the feasibility and safety of bone landmarks for right internal jugular vein(RIJV)puncture.Methods A total of 114 patients undergoing RIJV cannulation under general anesthesia were enrolled into the study.The right internal jugular vein was regarded as the puncture site which was positioned by bone landmarks.I.e.:We made a line between right supraclavicular notch and umbilication in front of mastoidale.The puncture site was the junction of thyroid cartilage horizontal line and the line we made.The success rate,puncture time and incidence of arterial puncture and other complications were recorded.Results The success rate of one-time catheterization was 96.5%.The puncture time was(3.2±1.4)min.None of the patients had pneumothorax,haemothorax hydropneumothorax aeroembolism and arrhythmia.Only 2 patients suffered from arterial puncture and hematomas,and were successfully punctured by other methods.There was no significant correlation between the success rate of puncture and the past service of anesthesiologists(r=0.05,P0.05).Conclusions Bone landmarks are clear,fixed,and accurate for the location of right internal jugular vein puncture,for its high success rate,high efficiency and few complications.This paracentesis is simple,safe and easy to master,worthy of study and master by doctors.


t • . ABSTRACT The concept of collocation, originally used by Wilson in the development of dissipative algorithms for structural dynamics, is systematically generalized and analyzed. Optimal schemes within this class are developed and compared with a recently proposed family of dissipative algorithms, called a methods. The a methods are found to be superior on the basis of standard measures of dissipation and dispersion.-It is pointed out that the tendency to overshoot is an important and independent factor which should be considered in an evaluation of an implicit scheme. The basis for studying overshoot is discussed and the optimal collocation and a methods are compared. It is found that pathological overshooting is an inherent property of collocation schemes, whereas the overshooting characteristics of the a methods are good.


Water is very important to the oasis with the background of desertification. It is more significant to control regional ecological environment and put forward the regional sustainable development of grasping the quantificational dynamic change information of water body in time. The techniques of studying on satellite remote sensing information extraction are still the core field of remote sensing system. Choosing the typical Cele oasis as a study area, using PCA models based on knowledge extract thematic information of water body between 2 satellite image in the year of 1990 and 1998. Comparing with the past common used way, this way represent the maturation phase, conclusions is much meaning to extract remote sensing information accurately. Using this technique will help to extract runoff area quantitatively and enhance arid area research.


Crafting a System of Profound Knowledge Management in Long-Term Care by Charlotte Johnson MA, University of South Florida, 1999 BA, University of South Florida, 1989 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Education Walden University December, 2016 Abstract The paradigm shift to a knowledge economy, predicted by Drucker, is currently reflected in a knowing-to-doing gap in healthcare, potentially threatening the lives of long-term care (LTC) residents and sustainability of LTC organizations. The purpose of this grounded theory study was to seek a substantive conceptual theory to explain how LTCThe paradigm shift to a knowledge economy, predicted by Drucker, is currently reflected in a knowing-to-doing gap in healthcare, potentially threatening the lives of long-term care (LTC) residents and sustainability of LTC organizations. The purpose of this grounded theory study was to seek a substantive conceptual theory to explain how LTC uses knowledge management (KM) to improve performance by probing the a priori views and lived experiences of 11 LTC knowledge creators, managers, and users. Data were collected via semi structured interviews that were transcribed and coded. The research questions guided by the conceptual concentrated on how KM is used in LTC, what KM processes enhance or inhibit performance in LTC, the nature of knowledge in LTC, and the potential impact of Deming's theory of profound knowledge on KM in LTC. Data analysis included coding, categorizing, constant comparison, conceptualizing, and theorizing to reveal a tentative unified theory of crafting a system of KM in LTC that theoretically extends Deming's organizational theory of profound knowledge to integrate the individual knower within Deming's organizational perspectives. Findings included participant use of sentinel data and bridging decisions in response to emergent knowledge needs, risk management versus quality management performance drivers, and participant perceptions of resource dependence in response to emergent knowledge needs. Findings also include social change implications for LTC facilities, residents, and staff driven by systematic KM to facilitate clinical best practices, lessons learned, and resourcing the use of knowledge to enhance LTC performance capabilities. Study conclusions include a call for future research related to study findings across the healthcare continuum. Crafting a System of Profound Knowledge Management in Long-Term Care by Charlotte Johnston MA, University of South Florida, 1999 BA, University of South Florida, 1989 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Education Walden University December 2016 Dedication This work is dedicated to my parents, Peregrine and Dolores Radcliffe. They raised seven daughters into independent women, without education or money, dedicating themselves to their children throughout their lives and unselfishly giving whatever they had to help us in any way they could; when we were 16, and when we were 60. They taught me about perseverance and dedication to whatever I wanted to achieve. I want to also dedicate this work to my life partner Jeff Sully who was my rock through this effort, always offering me love and support to keep me going through each life complication that made it difficult. Jeff provided me with the intellectual partnership, respect, and encouragement that made me always reach a little higher to accomplish this. I further wish to dedicate this work to Bernie Turner, who founded Walden University with Rita Turner. Bernie took some time with me at the Walden site in Naples, Florida in the 1970s. I did not even know what a degree was at that time, but knew I wanted to become an educator. I had never known anyone with an advanced education and Bernie's kindness and re-assurance during our brief meeting was inspirational and aspirational for me. He assured me I could follow the steps he laid out for me to obtain the necessary education, and added he looked forward to me someday coming back and getting my doctorate at Walden. This made me feel someone who really knew what to do saw potential in me. I was able to thank Bernie 35 years later at a Walden residency in Baltimore and told him "I'm back". It was one of the proudest moments of my life.


Prior investigations from this laboratory concerned with the preparation of new types of organic cations for a variety of biological and nonbiological applications have been extended to the preparation of cation-bearing ligands with nitrogen coordinating sites for use in complexation reactions with ruthenium cores. The syntheses of new cationic ligands as well as ruthenium complexes bearing them are reported here. The introduction of these new types of ligands is intended to provide to the complexes an enhanced ability to interact with DNA, and thereby to have the potential to be enhanced antitumor agents. Preliminary observations of their interactions with DNA are presented.


An increasing traffic demand and competition between the traffic modes force the railway operators to improve their economical results. Thisou can be achieved primarily by reducing costs and by keeping a high standard in service and quality whereby an increase of attractiveness for potential customers can be realised. Especially the German Railways, while preparing itself for going public, demands for a higher relevance of the financial result. Both infrastructure managers and railway operators have to consider that cost reducing actions are most effective when having a high impact on the life cycle costs (LCC) of the railway system and its compo-nents. Maintenance costs of railway infrastructure are such cost drivers. Track sections owned by the German Railways are categorised depending on their load per week for determining the time intervals of preventive maintenance of the infrastructure devices such as points. Unfortunately, there are only 3 cate-gories. Such a rough classification is far from condition based maintenance and therefore includes optimi-sation potential. This paper summarises the results of simulation supported evaluations of cost savings which can be realized by a more load than time dependent maintenance of points. A track section north of Hanover, Germany owned by the German Railways is taken as an example to compare the current situa-tion with an alternative point maintenance concept based on the recordings of the vehicle crossings. The study points out the possible reduction of scheduled inspections and shows cost savings under the premise of a constant system availability and safety.
The examinations underline the need for load-dependent maintenance of points as a step towards more cost-efficient preventive maintenance of railway infrastructure and therefore a decrease in whole-life costing (LCC).


Testing of Analogue/Mixed Signal ICs has reached a transition point. In the past AMS testing was based on functional tests that ensured that the analogue specifications were met. Unfortunately this approach is expensive; testing an `analogue' transistor can be 1000x more expensive than testing a digital transistor. What is even a bigger concern in industry is that a large fraction of the AMS test development takes place after first silicon. Digital blocks are up and running in hours while the AMS part typically takes days or weeks. As a result AMS test is in the critical path towards the customer. Hence, the specification-based functional-test approach is becoming very costly both from a test time point of view and from a test development point of view. Already for a number of years industry is exploring alternatives. In the tutorial a number of those alternatives are covered such as usages of DC measurements instead of dynamic measurements, BIST for AMS blocks, and structural test approaches. These approaches have the advantage that they enable shorter test times but also that it can be verified before tape-out, hence shifting the effort out of the critical path. The tutorial is concluded with an outlook on the future requirements that address a frame-work for fast verification, validation and characterization of AMS blocks and test requirements related to adaptive AMS blocks which adjust their performance over lifetime.


A series of major reports issued in 2007 as part ofthe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) make it clear that there is no longer anydoubt: Earth is heating up. The likely speed andmagnitude of climate change in the 21st centurywill be unprecedented in historical human experi-ence (Solomon


Systematic error resulted from the pre-travel of the touch trigger probe is non-ignorable consititutent of inspection errors for On-Machine Measurennet (OMM). Based on analyzing the working procedure of probe, the mechanics condition of triggering mechanism under working situation is performed. Utilizing the results, a probe pre-travel mathematical model is established, which can describe the pre-travel and its anisotropic characteristic quantitatively. Then a numerical simulation of the mathematical model along the radial direction of the probe is implemented. Using a high resolution displacement sensor and high speed data acquisition instrument together with a specially designed detection circuitry, a novel pre-travel calibration method and device is set up. By means of the presented device, the pre-travel characteristics of the probe along the radial direction over 360° have been obtained. Finally a contrastive analysis between theoretical model and experimental results is carried out.


J. Myron Jacobstein�s bibliography spans more than four decades of dedicated
scholarship. Perhaps his greatest contribution to the legal community is
the treatise that he and Roy Mersky wrote, Fundamentals of Legal Research.
Jacobstein and Mersky�a partnership as enduring and endearing as Rodgers
and Hammerstein, Fred and Ginger, Bert and Ernie. Together this dynamic
law librarian duo took on the world of legal bibliography, frequently with
incredible foresight. Their collaborations were ahead of the curve in many
ways�predicting the impact of computer-assisted legal research, advancing a
hybrid approach to research (traditional plus computer), explaining the impact
of vendor neutral citation, and helping researchers understand the interdisciplinary
nature of contemporary legal research.


In order to evaluate the natural attenuationof chlorinatedethenes, especially trichloroethylene (TCE) anddichloroethylenes (DCEs) in an aquifer, the effects ofdispersion-and-dilution and biodegradation on the concentrations of TCE and DCEs were investigated using numerical simulation. The resultsobtained in this study can be summarized as follows: (1) In an aquifer with high biodegradation rate of DCEs (first order rateconstantof DCEs is over 2.0×10-3/d), the concentrationratioof DCEs to TCE is less than 1.0. (2) In an aquifer with highdispersion-and-dilution rate (groundwater velocity is over 0.6m/d-1.0m/d), the concentration ratio of DCEs to TCE is less than 1.0. (3) When the first order rate constantof DCEs is less than 1.0×10-3/d and the groundwater velocity is less than 0.4m/d-0.7m/d, DCEs tend to accumulate in an aquifer.


Ab initio studies on the SN2 identity exchange reactions RCH2X + X− X− + RCH2X for R = CH2CH with X− = H, NH2, OH, F, PH2, SH and Cl, and for R = CH3 and CHC with X− = Cl were carried out at the HF and MP2 levels using the 6–31 ++ G** basis sets. The activation barriers, ΔE≠, and major structural changes, Δd≠ (C–X), in the activation process are closely related to the electronegativity of the R and X groups. The effect of electronegativity is twofold: a stronger electronegativity of R and/or X leads to a lesser electronic as well as structural reorganization required in the activation and to a greater correlation energy in the transition state. The former effect lowers the energy barriers at both the HF and MP2 levels whereas the latter lowers only the correlated (MP2) activation energies. Results with R = CH2CH, as a model for R = C6H5, indicate that 'benzylic effect' arises mainly from the relatively stronger electron acceptor ability of the phenyl group.


Schlieren method is an effective method to measure the high dynamic range far-field focal spot of high power laser at present, it has been used in the comprehensive diagnosis system of the host facility of the national large scientific device. However, the background subtraction algorithm is used for denosing process of the main lobe and side lobe images in the experiment, which could not effectively remove the noise under the condition of strong radiation. In order to improve the reconstruction accuracy and reliability of far-field focal spot measurement based on schlieren method, there are two aspects have been proposed and optimized in this paper as follows, the mathematical model for the measurement of high dynamic range far-field focal spot is constructed, the noise of images captured by detected CCD is removed effectively. Firstly, the mathematical model of laser focal spot measurement is constructed, which provided a theoretical basis for the measurement of far-field focal spot based on schlieren method. Secondly, the denoising algorithm based on Convolutional Neural Network (DnCNN) is introduced into the denoising of main lobe and side lobe CCD image, which can effectively remove the noise of different levels (0-75db) of main lobe and side lobe CCD image.The experimental results show that the noise signal of main lobe and side lobe images are removed by using DnCNN algorithm, and the best reconstructed image of far-field focal spot of high power laser is obtained when the influencers of amplified noise of main lobe image is reduced greatly. After the above optimization and improvement, it will meet the requirements for accuracy and efficiency of the measurement of high dynamic range far-field focal spot.


FIELD: nanotechnologies. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the electronics and nanotechnology, and can be used in the 2D printing. First, producing the graphene particles by the graphite electrochemical stratification, characterized by the flakes mass of about 10 mg, in the liquid phase using aqueous as the electrolyte 0.00005–0.05 M (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 solution, for 10 minutes or less, at voltage of not more than 15 V and the positive voltage supply to the graphite electrode. Resulting suspension is washed. Next, adding the graphene particles adhesion preventing additive, Trilon B or surfactant, for example, alkyl benzene sulfonic acid, or 70 % sodium laureth sulfate, or diethanolamide, or 40 % cocamidopropyl betaine. After that, proceeding to the mechanical stratification by dispersing or ultrasonic action, by centrifugation. Dispersing is carried out in the disperser mode from 2,500–20,000 rpm, inclusive, at power of 500 W for 0.5–2 h, inclusive. With mechanical stratification by ultrasonic action, centrifugation, using the 5–10 cycles, involving an ultrasonic action for about 30 min with ultrasound power from 100 to 240 W, inclusive, and subsequent centrifugation for about 30 minutes, with the rotor speed of 6,000 rpm and more. After mechanical stratification, adding the suspension stability ensuring additive, ethylene glycol, or N-methylpyrrolidone, or propylene glycol or diethylene glycol. EFFECT: producing the suspension comprising the graphene monolayer and bilayer particles with thickness of up to 1 nm, suitable for use as the conductive ink; at that, preventing the resulting graphene particles oxidation and their adhesion. 7 cl, 5 dwg, 7 ex


In this paper, we investigate the problem of efficient wireless power transfer (WPT) in wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs). In our approach, special entities (called chargers) replenish the energy of sensor nodes wirelessly. One of the main point of our approach is the on-demand recharge request. We propose two protocols based on a clustered structure, and on a hierarchical structure of the chargers, for an efficient charging of sensor nodes. To significantly increase the efficiency of the charge and reduce the displacement of the chargers, we have introduced two important concepts: neighbourhood and group of requests between the sensor nodes. Extensive simulations findings demonstrate significant performance gains, with respect to one of the best state of art charging methods of Madhja. In particular, our protocols improve several network properties and metrics, such as the network lifetime, coverage, routing and connectivity between the sensor nodes. A useful feature of our methods is that, they can be easily applied to 1D, 2D and 3D networks.


The paper introduces the method for recieving and processing the RS information,describes the status quo of the use of RS in conservancy system,discusses the use of RS technology in Heilongjiang Flood Control Command System,and presents the developing trend of the use of RS in conservancy system.


In this article the category of the purpose of life in works of Russian religious philosophers A.I. Vvedensky and S.L. Frank is discussed. It is determined that there are logical, religious and moral condition of faith in the purpose of life. Relations of the category of the purpose of life with categories of immortality of the soul and the highest blessing is also revealed.


0.13㎛ there is an image of a novel structural unit and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed that can be produced in the following processes. On a substrate formed of an optical element covering self-cut the optical element, thereby forming a lower insulating layer having a lower contact electrically connected to the semiconductor element for driving the optical element in character. On the lower insulating layer and the inside contains at least one copper contact or copper wiring lines and the copper diffusion for preventing copper diffusion of the copper contacts or the copper wiring film to be connected with the lower contact, and that the optical device above from the top surface to form an interlayer insulating film structure having the optical element aperture for collecting the light that has passed through the copper diffusion preventing film. A transparent insulating film is formed to fill the optical element in the opening. And forming a color filter and a microlens on the transparent insulating film. Using copper to be able to form a contact, it is possible to provide a highly integrated CMOS image sensor.


Abstract: Planning healthy indoor environments is a main part of sustainable design. In order to provide better indoor comfort for the occupants, modern building planning and operational practices should be either modified or improved. This study was aimed at building planning aspects and ventilation rates resulting in indoor environments. Since indoor CO2 concentration can reflect the ventilation rate of built environments, it was monitored in a sample of residential buildings by varying several aspects related to air quality. This includes CO2 levels with void to wall ratio of activity spaces in buildings, operating patterns of windows, and the wind speed inside the building together with the effect of micro-climate. Also the ventilation rates of an air conditioned spaces were monitored with a survey of occupant comfort levels .It was revealed that good ventilation rates by having higher void to wall ratio, higher indoor wind speed and proper window operating schedule can lower the indoor CO2 levels and improve the comfort conditions. Therefore, complying with proper building planning practices such as selecting proper orientations, capturing the wind direction, practicing proper operating schedules for the provided openings and creating better micro-climate would result healthier built environments.


The dry matter,crude protein,crude fat,crude fiber,crude ash,ether extract,P and Ca were tested in the present paper.The nutritional quality evaluation by AHP with crude protein,crude fat,crude fiber,and ether extract as the indicators showed the 91 germplasms could be clustered into three categories: high,middle,and low nutritional quality.The purpose of this study was to discuss the nutrition value of C.dactylon.


Objective The aim of this paper is to investigate the expression of survivin and its correlation with expression of p53 protein in colorectal tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry, and to preliminarily evaluate the clinical significance of surviving and p53 in the carcinogenesis and progression of colorectal cancer. Methods Specimens for this study were composed of 30 colorectal adenoma tissues, 30 cancerous adenoma tissues, all of which were resected endoscopically, 30 normal colorectal mucosal tissues were used as control. The immunohistochemical staining of survivin and p53 was carried out with the standard streptavidin-peroxidase(SP) technique. Results During colorectal tumorigenesis, nuclear accumulation of survivin and p53 protein was increased gradually in the malignant transformation within adenomas. The positive rates for survivin and p53 protein in colorectal adenomas, colorectal adenomas complicated by carcinomas and colorectal carcinomas were 26.7%、53.3%、66.7% and 23.3%、56.7%、73.3%, respectively. Colorectal adenomas comparing with colorectal adenomas complicated by carcinomas, the immunoreactivitie of p53 protein was increased significantly (P 0.05). Conclusions The aberrant expression of survivin in colorectal adenoma was closely correlated with malignant transformation. It might cause synergistic effect with the mutation of p53 during colorectal tunorigenesis.


A comparison of the CNTFET device with the MOSFET device in the nanometer regime is reported. The characteristics of both devices are observed as varying the oxide thickness. Thereafter, we have analyzed the effect of the chiral vector and the temperature on the threshold voltage of the CNTFET device. After simulation on the HSPICE tool, we observed that the high threshold voltage can be achieved at a low chiral vector pair. It is also observed that the effect of temperature on the threshold voltage of the CNTFET is negligibly small. After that, we have analyzed the channel length variation and their impact on the threshold voltage of the CNTFET as well as MOSFET devices. We found an anomalous effect from our simulation result that the threshold voltage increases with decreasing the channel length in CNTFET devices; this is contrary to the well known short channel effect. It is observed that at below the 10 nm channel length, the threshold voltage is increased rapidly in the case of the CNTFET device, whereas in the case of the MOSFET device, the threshold voltage decreases drastically.