SUMMARY Two cases of placenta percreta are presented. The first one as a surgical finding and the other with antenatal diagnosis. The diagnostic procedures, intra and post surgical management and follow up are described, as well, the approach and management of the finding complications. The importance of the multidisciplinary team work in this extremely serious pathology is emphasized. The literature reports are reviewed and some recommendations for a better management are made.


100 (Commentationes phitologae quibus Ottoni Ribbeckio congratulantur disciputi Lipsienses, p. 131; see ibid., p. 121), two manuscripts having -yaXaKT04opos and four -yXacyo4oopos, both of which the meter forbids. Incidentally, Oppian (Cynegetica i. 443) has -yaXaKTO4OXpOLUL. In Cynegetica iii. 478 we have the line 'ErTOs 'p7pE8aTat yaXaKTOXPOEs a4b4Ls O686PTEs, where Boudreaux keeps the manuscript reading, evidently intending the syllable -aKTto be treated as short. Schneider reads -yXaKT6xpoEs and Dindorf yaXaTo-. Perhaps -yaXaKTO-, even when so written, may have been pronounced as a dissyllable when the meter demanded it. In any case, the evidence seems to be against lyaXaTo-.


A threshold based Schnorr-Euchner (TSE) sphere decoder (SD) is presented in this paper to reduce the high computational burden incur in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) decoding. The proposed method makes use of the probabilistic threshold for SE enumeration to remove the nodes which are most unlikely to be an ML solution. The threshold is chosen using the pruning probability based on noise statistics. By increasing the pruning probability, the higher level of complexity reduction can be achieved at the cost of slight performance loss. Simulations illustrate that the proposed TSE-SD achieves an improvement in performance through complexity reduction over conventional SE-SD.


Investigations were made of the feasibility of using heteroepitaxial ZnSe films grown on GaAs substrates by gas-phase chemical deposition from organoelemental compounds as the active medium of electron-beampumped semiconductor lasers. Studies were made of the characteristics of active elements in transverse and longitudinal excitation geometries and methods of improving them were examined.


Since the early 1960s group B streptococci (GBS) have been the most common cause of neonatal meningitis. Streptococcal colonization of the maternal


The purpose of the research is to determine the impact of financial leverage in
the financial statements of industrial firms in Trujillo city.
By using the term leverage in finance, it refers to employment costs and fixed
charges to a variation in sales greater range of variation in profitability.
The use of leverage brings a greater performance and increased risk, meaning
the latter, as the company's ability to cover fixed costs. The research question
was: What is the impact of financial leverage in the financial statements of
industrial firms in Trujillo city?. The hypothesis raised was this: The financial
leverage has a positive impact on the financial statements of industrial firms in
Trujillo city.
To perform the study was sampled at 54 industrial companies in Trujillo city.
According to the results, the advantages of leverage in the industrial
enterprises of Trujillo city are: to allow the management of the company can
fund the investment and financing costs are lower.
Application is recommended for using of leverage investment in new projects
which will provide a desired profitability.


The portion of lung tissue which is aerated by individual tertiary bronchus is called bronchopulmonary segment.This is supplied by separate pulmonary artery and drained by common intersegmental vein.The knowledge aboutbranching pattern of bronchial tree is important during surgical resection of segments, procedures like bronchoscopy&to advice the suitable position for the patient in case of lung abscess.There are not so many articles for this study, but text books have documented variations in the branching pattern of bronchial trees of lungs. Knowledge about variations in the branching pattern of bronchial tree will helpful in surgical procedures and clinical management of the lung diseases. In present study variationswere seen in right middle lobar bronchus,right upper lobe tertiary bronchus&left lingular bronchus.


This paper proposes a new load frequency control (LFC) strategy for decreasing the oscillation of system frequency which is caused by load disturbance and wind fluctuations in a wind-thermal power network. The fuzzy logic mechanism is used as the main cornerstone of the LFC for three interconnected areas in a hybrid power system. An online Jaya algorithm is applied to optimally tune the parameters of the proposed controllers as well as the input and output fuzzy membership functions. Moreover, a new inertia emulator is appended to the controlling mechanism of the non-inertia units those are doubly-fed induction generators based wind farms in order to simultaneously enhance both the inertia and governor responses. A 39-bus New England test system containing 10 thermal units and 3 wind farms is used to investigate the performance of the suggested framework in DIgSILENT PowerFactory software.


Recirculating air filtration systems were tested to reduce e1l1SI and bacteria levels inside the feeder barns of a hog farm in the Fraser Valley of British Columbia. Design of lhe air riltration systems had 10 be reconciled with the existing structures and ventilation systcm in the barns. Multiple fabric filters and a high-voltage. plate-type electrostalic precipitator were selecled as dllst collection dt.::viccs fur the grower and finisher barns. respectively. Each barn Wi'S partitioned into two halves with one serving as the experimental L1nit equipped wilh Ihc air filtration system and the other as the control unit. Recirculalion air now rate was set at 20 air changes per hour which lies between the summer and winter ventilation rates. Monitored parameters included air quality indices (respirable and inhalable dust levels. bacteria counts. and ammonia level), environmental and operating parameters (temperature. relative hUlllidity, filter pressure drop, and air now rate), and animal performance (average growth rate, carcass grading. and necropsies), Visits to tht.:: farm were conducted regularly once a week during the first 9 months and subsequently once every two weeks during the rest of the IRmonth period of the study. The air filtration systems effectively reduced dust levels and aerial bacteria cOllnts inside the pig barns although their efficiency was dependenl upon air recirculation rIow rate. location, size, and number of inlets and outlets. and humidity. Although the effect on indoor ammonia level was indetenninalc. air filtration resulted in reduced prevalence of enzootic pneumonia and atrophic rhinilis among the pigs. It also accelerated ;Ulimal growth as evidenced by an increase in average daily mass gain which lranslated 10 a shorter number of days 10 market. Air fillration showed no significant effecl on the temperature and humidity inside the banl. The eleclroslatic precipilillOr exhibited higher dust removal cfficiency during winter and spring timc and WilS nlmost as effeclive as the fabric filtcr during the other seasons of the year. In terms of bacteria reduction, the electrostatic precipitator was consistently more effective than the fabric filters.


Calcite-solution reactions (growth, dissolution and replacement) are critical in a range of both engineering and natural processes. Classical crystal growth theory relates calcite growth rates to the degree of supersaturation. The solution composition may also affect the growth rate of carbonate minerals, via the Ca to CO2− 3 concentration ratio (Nehrke et al., 2007; Perdikouri et al., 2009), ionic strength (Zuddas and Mucci, 1998) or the presence of organic matter (Hoch et al., 2000). Most calcite growth studies so far have been performed at a constant pH of ca. 8 or 10, or changing the pH together with the degree of supersaturation with respect to calcite and/or the aCa2+ to aCO32− ratio in solution, which hinders an evaluation of the pH effect on calcite growth kinetics. In this work, in situ Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was employed to study the growth of calcite at a constant supersaturation (Ω = 6.46) and solution stoichiometry (Ca2+/CO2− 3 = 1) in the pH range 7.5 to 12. How pH may influence calcite growth is relevant to improve our understanding of the effects on carbonate-solution reactions when variations in atmospheric CO2result in changes in the pH of the oceans and surface waters. We observed that the calcite growth rate decreases with increasing pH in the studied range. The results can be successfully explained by the mechanistic model for calcite growth based on surface complexation proposed by Nilsson and Sternbeck (1999) and by solute hydration. At pH below 8.5, growth occurs mainly by CaCO3 incorporation at >CaHCO 0 3 surface sites. CaCO3 should be more easily incorporated than free Ca 2+ ions, as water exchange usually is faster if water molecules in the ion hydration shells are substituted for by other ligands, as in CaCO3. However, at pH above 9, Ca incorporation at >CaHCO3 sites also contributes to calcite growth as a result of increased frequency of water exchange in calcium hydration shells due to the presence of strongly hydrated OH−. The decrease in calcite growth rate is a consequence of decreasing surface concentration of growth active sites (i.e. >CaHCO3) with increasing pH in our experimental conditions. Changes in 2D island morphology were observed at high pH (12), possibly due to the stabilization of polar scalenohedral faces by the presence of OH− ions.


With the aggravation of global warming in the world, China is a country that produces a large amount of carbon dioxide every year. The development of green buildings is a primal aspect that the Chinese government has worked for many decades to build a healthy environment. This study explores three major Chinese green building assessment methods and compares the Evaluation Standard for Green buildings (three-star standard) with other countries' representative assessment methods, which indicates that the three-star standard puts more attention on qualitative indicators. So, many buildings which receive that certification does not really have much sustainable equipment or save much energy. Also, this paper researches the status of green buildings in China. There are not many developers investing in green buildings, due to the price of green building construction is much more expensive than conventional buildings. That is because those green buildings equip many sustainable technologies and equipment. To encourage the construction of green buildings, the government can enact regulations and incentives to encourage more companies and developers to build green buildings.


PART I: THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE PIGMENTARY SYSTEM SECTION 1: HISTORICAL & COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES OF THE PIGMENT SYSTEM SECTION 2: THE MORPHOLOGY, DISTRIBUTION & BIOLOGY OF THE PIGMENT CELL SECTION 3: THE MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE PIGMENT CELL SECTION 4: CHEMISTRY & PHYSICS OF MELANIN AND ENZYMOLOGY OF MELANIN SYNTHESIS PART II: THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE PIGMENTARY SYSTEM SECTION 5: AN OVERVIEW OF HUMAN SKIN COLOR AND ITS DISORDERS SECTION 6: DISORDERS OF HYPOPIGMENTATION AND DEPIGMENTATION SECTION 7: DISORDERS OF HYPERPIGMENTATION SECTION 8: TREATMENT OF PIGMENTARY DISORDERS


The physical model considered here is a lid-driven porous square cavity with internal elliptic shape adiabatic block and linearly heated side walls. The top moving wall is well cold and set with uniform velocity. The bottom moving wall heated, linearly heated side walls and inside the elliptic shape adiabatic. The relevant parameters in the present study are Darcy number Da = 10−5-10−3, Grashof number Gr = 103-105, Reynolds number Re = 1-102 and Prandtl number Pr = 0.7. The isotherms are also almost symmetric at small Re with higher Gr (Gr = 105) and Da (Da = 10−3) and natural convection is found to be dominant whereas the isotherms are compressed near the left and bottom walls at higher Re for linearly heated side walls. The solution of these governing equations is obtained numerically with the finite element approach using the Galerkin method of weighted residuals. Results are presented in the form of streamlines, isotherms, Local Nusselt number, average Nusselt number, velocity and temperature for the ...


In this paper we present an alternative power supply evaluation model to determine the optimal type of power supply from a sustainable development perspective. The analytic hierarchy process is applied to decide the priority of different types of power supply. The results of the study indicate the gap between goals of sustainable development and current power supply structure in terms of energy security and environmental degradation. The results of our model suggest that the share of renewable energy installed capacity should be increased to achieve the overall goal. And the policy to boost the development of nuclear power generation should also be put in place as soon as possible. This study is particularly basing on the specific economical cost of power plants, environmental cost of emissions and the overall status of energy security in Guangdong Province.


Exposure to mixtures of chemicals is an important and relevant environmental issue. Of particular interest is the detection and characterization of departure of biological effects from additivity. Methodology based on the assumption of additivity is used in fitting single-chemicaldata. Interactionsare determined and characterized by making comparisons between the observed and predicted responses at mixtures along a fixed ratio ray of the component substances. Two simultaneous tests are developed for testing for any departure from additivity. Multiple comparisons procedures are used to compare observed responses to that predicted under additivity. A simultaneous confidence band on the predicted responses along the mixture ray is also developed. The methods are illustrated with cytotoxicity data that arise when human epidermal keratinocytes are exposed to a mixture of arsenic, chromium, cadmium, and lead. Synergistic, antagonistic, and additive cytotoxicities were observed at different dose levels of the four-metal mixture.


The overarching rhetorical strategy of the book of Ezekiel is a narrative of the destruction and restoration of the temple of Jerusalem. This narrative aims to persuade a traumatized audience that Yhwh orchestrated the catastrophe of 587 bce, so as to purify the temple, the people, and the land as a summons to repentance. Essential components of a narrative (plot, credibility of narrator, argument, and emotional engagement) build upon the various rhetorical components of the sources of the book (oracles, discourses, visions, sayings, formulae). The juxtaposition of these sources can be complementary or contradictory—which then create gaps for the reader to close. These gaps often address unanswerable questions of meaning that demand ongoing attention (e.g., collective vs. individual responsibility). The central point of the book's overall chiastic structure emphasizes the narcissistic hubris of the king of Tyre (28:11–19), which echoes the cause of the idolatrous behavior of wife Jerusalem (16:15–59).


......................................................................................................................................... ii Preface ........................................................................................................................................... iii Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................... iv List of Tables .............................................................................................................................. viii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... ix List of Abbreviations .................................................................................................................... x Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... xi Dedication ................................................................................................................................... xiii Chapter 1: Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 The Chinese Landscape ................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Literature Review ......................................................................................................... 10 1.2.1 Chinese Scholarship .............................................................................................. 10 1.2.2 Western Scholarship ............................................................................................. 18 1.3 Methodology ................................................................................................................ 25 1.4 Dissertation Structure ................................................................................................... 33 Chapter 2: Recent Reforms in Chinese Criminal Law and Their Implications ................... 40 2.1 Conceptualization of "Crime Prevention" ................................................................... 40 2.1.1 Crime Prevention in the Chinese Context ............................................................. 40 2.1.2 Crime Prevention in the Western Context ............................................................ 44 2.2 Three Case Studies: Based on 2011 Eighth Amendment to Criminal Law ................. 49 2.2.1 Three Offences in Chinese Criminal Law ............................................................ 51 v 126.96.36.199 Crime of Drunk Driving ................................................................................. 51 184.108.40.206 Crime of Manufacturing and Selling Fake Medications ................................ 55 188.8.131.52 Crime of Environmental Pollution ................................................................. 57 2.2.2 Similarities among the Changes ............................................................................ 59 2.2.3 Weak Constraints of the Law ................................................................................ 62 2.3 Analytical Framework of Risk Society and Its Limitations ......................................... 66 Chapter 3: The History of Lawmaking and Reasons for Applying the Multiple Streams Approach ..................................................................................................................................... 73 3.1 Legislative Initiative, Bill Passing and Final Amendments ......................................... 74 3.1.1 Amendment on the Crime of Drunk Driving ........................................................ 74 3.1.2 Amendment on the Crime of Manufacturing and Selling Fake Medications ....... 77 3.1.3 Amendment on the Crime of Environmental Pollution ........................................ 80 3.2 Applying John Kingdon's Theory into the Chinese Context ....................................... 82 Chapter 4: Problem Stream for Chinese Criminal Law Making ........................................... 94 4.1 Studies of Nationally-known Cases as Focusing Events ............................................. 95 4.1.1 Three Case Studies ................................................................................................ 96 4.1.2 The Public, the Media and the Government ....................................................... 100 4.2 Opinions of Netizens on Focusing Events and Chinese Criminal Law ..................... 104 4.2.1 Rapid Growth of the Chinese Internet: Social Landscape .................................. 104 4.2.2 Netizen Opinions on Focusing Events ................................................................ 107 4.3 Public Sense of Security in the Surveys .................................................................... 111 4.3.1 Public Sense of Security: Based on Survey Results ........................................... 112 4.3.2 Reasons for Public Satisfaction and Divergence with Internet Sentiment ......... 118 vi 4.4 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 126 Chapter 5: Policy Stream for Chinese Criminal Law Making ............................................. 130 5.1 Roles of the Specialists in the Policy Stream ............................................................. 132 5.1.1 Proposal Drafting Specialists: the Policy Entrepreneurs .................................... 133 5.1.2 Policy Stream: As a Response to Public Opinions in China ............................... 139 5.2 Legal Concerns of the Proposals ................................................................................ 143 Chapter 6: Political Stream for Chinese Criminal Law Making: Role of the CCP and the Bureaucracy ............................................................................................................................... 151 6.1 The Role of the CCP in Chinese Criminal Law Making ........................................... 153 6.2 The Role of Other Participants in the Legislative Process ........................................ 160 6.2.1 The NPC .............................................................................................................. 161 6.2.2 The Judicial System ............................................................................................ 165 6.2.3 The Administration ............................................................................................. 171 6.2.4 The Media ........................................................................................................... 177 6.2.5 The Legal Experts ............................................................................................... 183 6.3 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 189 Chapter 7: The Role of the State in the Criminal Justice System: Through a Comparative Perspective ................................................................................................................................. 197 7.1 Risk Control in the Western Criminal Justice System ............................................... 198 7.1.1 Conceptualizing Risk in the Western Criminal Justice System .......................... 198 7.1.2 State's Role of Risk Control in the Western Social Context .............................. 201 7.2 Risk Control in the Chinese Criminal Justice System ............................................... 206 7.2.1 The "It works" Belief on Criminal Justice in China ........................................... 206 vii 7.2.2 The Chinese Mixed Problem-solving Approach ................................................. 215 7.3 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 218 Chapter 8: Policy Window of the Chinese Criminal Law Making and the Conclusion ..... 220 8.1 Legal Renewal: Easily Opened Windows for Law Reforms ..................................... 222 8.1.1 Frequent Coupling of the Streams ...................................................................... 222 8.1.2 Two Important Streams for Legal Renewals ...................................................... 225 184.108.40.206 Public Influences: Public Mood and Public Participation ........................... 225 126.96.36.199 Political Influences: Focusing on Social Stability and Public Security ....... 230 8.2 Reflections of the Chinese Criminal Justice .............................................................. 234 8.2.1 Will Authoritarian Regime Necessarily Lead to Harsh Penalties? ..................... 234 8.2.2 Is China an Exclusive or Inclusive Society? ....................................................... 238 8.3 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 240 Bibliography .............................................................................................................................. 244


Zl block in Jiangsu oilfield is a reservoir of low porosity and low permeability, and the J1S2 formation exhibits weak to medium salt sensitivity, strong water sensitivity, medium to strong acid sensitivity, medium but slightly weak velocity sensitivity and medium but slightly strong water shut off sensitivity. Research on reservoir protecting completion fluid was carried out, and prevention measures were put forward as well. The polyalcohol-formate drilling fluid with low surface tension was determined to drill in the productive formation, at the same time,compound wide application temporary plugging agent was used to effectively seal heterogeneous reservoir. Application of this fluid in 7 wells indicated that this drilling/ completion fluid and the associated reservoir protecting technology satisfied requirements of deep drilling in Zl block. The skin factor of-2. 78-0. 90 verified its effective protection for productive formations.


I LIKEMY rice cooker. It makes perfect rice every time. Rice is a great food for the kidney healthy diet, it is low in potassium and sodium, it is a good source of carbohydrate and energy, and it is versatile for meal planning. Although half of the world's population eats rice and the US consumption of rice has increased, rice is not a staple of many typical American diets. The rice cooker had its start with the Japanese army and Mitsubishi; however, it was not until Toshiba perfected the electric rice cooker to a simple shut on shut off product in the 1950s that it gained acceptance for home use. The rice cooker is now a staple appliance in Japan and many Asian countries. Asia accounts for 90% of the rice consumed globally. The Wall Street Journal states rice cookers have recently gained popularity, as it reports rice cooker aficionados, tourists, are buying high-end models in Japan. Although rice cookers range in price, size, and technologic advances, it is the simple rice cooker with its inexpensive price tag, small size of 1 to 3 cups, and its binary function of cook and warm that is the focus of this article. The simple rice cooker consists of an electric base, the removable bowl to cook the rice, a measuring cup, a lid made of tempered glass, and often a rice paddle. See Figure 1. The enclosed measuring cup is about 6 ounces, the size of the traditional Japanese rice-measuring tool. The 3-cup rice cooker, which makes up to 6 cups of cooked rice, is widely available in stores and on online for under 20 dollars. See Table 1. An online search found 1 version of a 11⁄2 cup–sized rice cooker. Rice cookers for home use can be easily found in up to 10-cup raw or 20-cup cooked sizes. An expert rice taster considered rice cooked this way as good as those made in the expensive high-end cookers. Moon writes in Today's Dietitian that it is the dietitians' role to introduce new cooking methods to the client inter-


Interferons are a class of cytokines that play key roles in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation via activation of a cascade of intracellular pathways and represented the functions of antiviral,immunomodulatory,and antiproliferative effects,which are synthesized and secreted by somatic cells of all mammalian species.Interferon alpha(IFN-α)are used in clinic to treat a variety of viral diseases and cancers.Howerver,the short circulating half-life of IFN-α necessitates frequent administration to patients which limits the broader usage.The methods of prolonging the half-life of protein drug in common use are chemical modification,albumin fusion technology,analog construction and combination with drug delivery system.Herein the method of prolonging the half-life of IFN-α in the above-mentioned of the latest research methods were reviewed.


The exterior acoustic problems are calculated by the fractal finite element method.The infinite domain is divided into two parts by an artificial boundary,the conventional finite element method is adopted within the artificial boundary,and the fractal finite element method is employed in the outer region beyond the artificial boundary.The computer time can be reduced greatly by the fractal finite element method,because of the facts that the relationships of element matrix between the adjacent fractal layers are very simple and the node degrees of freedom are transformed into a set of general coordinates by using the global interpolation functions,which satisfy Sommerfeld's radiation conditions automatically.The numerical results show that this method is effective in solving exterior acoustics problems.


The study was conducted to investigate challenges faced by epilepsy patients and the role of librarians in providing health information in Kaduna north. The study also examines the types of epilepsy information, the level of awareness among patients and caregivers. In addition to how they access epilepsy patient's related information and the challenges they encounter when accessing this information. The study also aimed at discovering the available information on cancer related disease and the extent to which this information is accessed by patients and caregivers in Kaduna north. In this study, discovering the challenges faced by patients and caregivers in accessing health information was analyzed. Keywords: Challenges: Epilepsy Patients: Librarian: Health Information: Nigeria.


An in-depth reading of the short story Hills like White Elephants brings to light an unexpectedly moving human situation of inability of the characters to sympathize, to understand and to communicate within the couple, that is explored to its tragic limits. This sub-text perceptible through the flat unemotional style is a powerful illustration of the fact that the unsaid may be more pregnant with meaning than the openly expressed message apparent on the surface of Hemingway's writing.


ABSTRACT Some of the biochemical properties of a crude lipase enzyme from Rhizopus arrhizus were determined. The enzyme displayed maximal catalytic activity at pH 9.0 and temperature of 35°C. It was stable at basic values of pH and 40°C and in the presence of detergents. Lipase showed substrate specificity against different plant oils. Three multiplicity forms of the enzyme (Lip I, Lip II and Lip III) were isolated by gel chromatography. They differed in their molecular weight (Lip I- 80 000 Da, Lip II- 39 700 Da and Lip III- 6 900 Da) and degree of glycosylation (51.61% for Lip I, 74.17% for Lip II and 55.60% for Lip III). Some of the specific biochemical properties of the multiplicity forms were established. No synergistic effect of the three multiplicity forms of lipase in hydrolysis of olive oil was observed.


This work was funded by Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Program project F-69-P, administered jointly by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Ohio Division of Wildlife.


Actinomycetes from the genus Frankia are able to form symbiotic associations with more than 200 different species of woody angiosperms, so called actinorhizal plants. Many actinorhizal plants are infected via deformed root hairs. Factor(s) eliciting root hair deformation in actinorhizal symbioses have been found to be released into the culture medium, but the factor(s) has (have) not yet been characterized. In the present work, we describe the constitutive production of factor(s) by Frankia strain ArI3 causing root hair deformation on Alnus glutinosa. Deformation was detected after 4–5 h of incubation with both Frankia cultures and their cell-free culture filtrates. When culture filtrate was used, deformation was concentration dependent. A contact time of 2 min between culture filtrate and host roots was sufficient to induce subsequent root hair deformation. No root hair deformation on A. glutinosa could be detected with purified Nod factors from Rhizobium meliloti or R. leguminosarum biovar viciae. No correlation was found between Frankia strains belonging to different host specificity groups and their ability to deform root hairs on A. glutinosa. However, strains not able to deform root hairs on A. glutinosa were also unable to nodulate.


Based on an analysis of the traditional teaching methods,the article discusses how to fully apply the powerful advantage of computer technology to develop a suitable Piping Teaching System which can switch the teaching from twodimension to three-dimension and make it more visualized.In this way,a desired effect of teaching can be achieved.


Tuberosity healing in the setting of shoulder arthroplasty for fracture has been shown to have significant effects on functional shoulder outcomes. Although surgical techniques have been developed to encourage anatomic tuberosity healing, the thermal effects of cement on bone can limit successful he


e20515Background: It is known that outcome of patients included in clinical trials have a better outcome than patients treated with standard therapy. This is a retrospective case-control study of o...


The effect of sodium nitrate level as a fertilizer on aggressiveness of the fungus Rhizoctonia solani on faba bean plants was studied either in pots experiment or in vitro. Plants grown in infested soil amended with different levels of sodium nitrate showed that under zero amended nitrate or under high level of nitrate disease severity was very severe which reflected on decreasing the number of emerging plants , weight of foliage system, root weight , plant height and number of plant leaves . The levels of nitrate in between showed decreasing of disease severity. In vitro studies was carried out by putting peeled germinated seeds on R. solani fungal growth growing on Czapek's Dox agar medium supplemented with different levels of sodium nitrate. The fungus becomes more virulent when grown on media with increasingly higher concentration of nitrate. This was evident when disease was determined either visually or by determination of Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity of infected germinated seeds.. Transverse cross sections of faba bean radicals subjected to the fungus showed that increasing nitrate level raised the number and intensity of the developed infection cushions. The obtained results clearly monitor that higher level of nitrate in growth medium clearly enhanced the aggressiveness of the fungus which resulted in severe damage of the outer cortical layers of faba bean radical just after 16 h. from subjecting the host to the pathogen.


Objective To investigate clinical characteristics of Kawasaki disease.MethodsClinical data of 39 children with Kawasaki disease were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsAfter half year's follow-up visit, the coronary artery lumen of 8 children who had coronary artery changes were all recovered to normal.ConclusionEarly diagnosis and large dose of gamma globulin dropping intravenously assisted with anticoagulant therapy are effective on Kawasaki disease to prevent coronary artery disease, lighten clinical symptom and increase the cure rate.


The effective use of such an analytical indicator as the concentration of intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the process of anaerobic transformation of sulfones was shown. The bioluminescent method for determining ATP evaluates to quickly evaluate the state of biocatalysts in such processes, to select the conditions for effective conducted of biotechnological processes and the functioning of cells, as well as media compositions used in the conversion of sulfur-containing compounds.


A new type atomic absorption-flame photometer has been devised for accurate measurement, ease of operation, low cost and wide availability.It is fitted with matched interference filters, silicon photocell or photomultiplier tube and A.C.amplifying circuit.The choice between using atomic absorption method and flame analytical method is effected easily by one touch on a switch or a turn of a knob.The atomic absorption method gives less interference and better calibration curve than the flame analytical method, nevertheless, obtained results by both methods proved high stability, sensibility and reproducibility of the photometer.


The invention discloses an intelligent constant-flow individual air dust sampler and a constant-flow control method. The sampler is provided with a buffering air capacitor (2), an air capacitor (4), a flow closed-loop control circuit (16), pressure measuring openings (5, 6 and 7) and a differential pressure sensor (6), wherein the test end of the differential pressure sensor (6) is communicated with the pressure measuring opening on an air chamber (5) through a hose; the signal output end of the differential pressure sensor (6) is connected with an input port of a singlechip (7) through an amplifier and an A/D converter; and the output control end of the singlechip is connected with the electrical signal control end of the driving motor of an air pump (3) through an air pump control unit (19). The constant-flow control method comprises: a, establishing a flow correction curve; b, testing the backpressure of working gas at the outlet of the air chamber (5); and c, comparing a measured current backpressure with the flow curve and controlling the air pump (3) to implement constant-flow output. The sampler and the method can realize flow closed-loop control and automatic constant-flow sampling, improve the accuracy of dust mass concentration measurement and ensure reliable use and accurate control.


Microelectronic product consumers may already be expecting another paradigm shift with smarter phones over smart phones, but the current status of microelectronic manufacturing engineering education (MMEE) in universities hardly makes up the pace for such a fast moving technology paradigm shift. The purpose of MMEE is to educate four-year university graduates to work in the microelectronics industry with up-to-date knowledge and self-motivation. In this paper, we present a comprehensive curriculum for a four-year university degree program in the area of microelectronics manufacturing. Three hands-on experienced-based courses are proposed, along with a methodology for undergraduate students to acquire hands-on experience, towards integrated circuits (ICs) design, fabrication and packaging, are presented in consideration of manufacturing engineering education. Semiconductor device and circuit design course for junior level is designed to cover how designed circuits progress to micro-fabrication by practicing full customization of the layout of digital circuits. Hands-on experienced-based semiconductor fabrication courses are composed to enhance students' motivation to participate in self-motivated semiconductor fab activities by performing a series of collaborations. Finally, the Microelectronics Packaging course provides greater possibilities of mastered skillsets in the area of microelectronics manufacturing with the fabrication of printed circuit boards (PCBs) and board level assembly for microprocessor applications. The evaluation of the presented comprehensive curriculum was performed with a students' survey. All the students responded with "Strongly Agree" or "Agree" for the manufacturing related courses. Through the development and application of the presented curriculum for the past six years, we are convinced that students' confidence in obtaining their desired jobs or choosing higher degrees in the area of microelectronics manufacturing was increased. We confirmed that the hypothesis on the inclusion of hands-on experience-based courses for MMEE is beneficial to enhancing the motivation for learning.


Introduction : Consequences of cerebral palsy can cause significant influences on physical and psychological capabilities of adults with cerebral palsy and affect on their quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between quality of life with hypertonia and ambulation status in young adults with spastic cerebral palsy. Materials and Methods : In an analytical cross sectional study, 70 participants (40 women ،30 men, age range 20 to 40 years, mean age + SD, 26.24 ± 5.07) with spastic cerebral palsy were recruited in this study. They were selected from three Ra'ad Rehabilitation Goodwill Complexes in Tehran and Karaj cities. Quality of life (QOL), ambulation status, knee extension, and ankle dorsi flexion range of motion were measured by World Health Organization Qualit of life questionnaire (WHOQOL- BREF), functional ambulation category and manual goniometer, respectively. To analyze the data, Pearson and spearman correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney U test, Independent sample T test were used. Results : We found no correlation between ambulation status and ankle dorsi flexion range of motion with quality of life domains. However, psychological and environmental domains showed low correlations with knee extension range of motion (respectively r = 0.26 and r = 0.28). Also, no significant difference was found between males and females in QOL domain scores. Conclusion : Probably knee extension range of motion could affect on psychological and environmental domains in adults with spastic cerebral palsy. Also, impairments and physical limitations seems to have a less pronounced effect on health-related quality of life in adults with cerebral palsy. Keywords : Quality of life, Ambulation status, Range of motion, Cerebral palsy


With regard to the adverse environmental impacts of cement production, the use of geopolymer concrete (GPC) can be considered as a more environmentally friendly approach for concreting. This study deals with an experimental investigation on the effects of partial replacement of the GGBS (replaced with 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30%) used in GPC with natural zeolite (NZ) and silica fume (SF) simultaneously with different concentration (4, 6 and 8 M) of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) together with sodium silicate (water glass) solution on the compressive strength. Results indicate that increasing concentration of NaOH yields decreases the compressive strength of the concrete. In contrast, adding NZ and SF into concrete results in increasing the compressive strength. In addition, gene expression programming (GEP) was employed to develop mathematical models for predicting the compressive strength of GPC based on GGBS. Using the experimental results, an extensive and reliable database of compressive strength of GGBS-based GPC was obtained. The database comprises the compressive strength results of 351 specimens produced from 117 different mixtures. The five most influential parameters i.e., age of specimens, NaOH solution concentration, NZ, SF and GGBS content of GPC, were considered as the input parameters for modeling. The results reflected that the proposed models are accurate and possess a high prediction capability. The findings of this study can enhance the re-use of GGBS for the development of GPC leading to environmental protection and monetary benefits.


This paper describes the analysis of methods of providing differentiated resiliency. The gain in cost due to the use of a differentiated approach is evaluated.


............................................................................................................................ xii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 1 Background of the Study ........................................................................................ 3 The effect of Brown v. Board of Education ................................................ 5 Statement of the Problem ............................................................................ 5 Purpose of the Study ............................................................................................. 10 Qualitative Research Overview ................................................................ 11 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................... 12 Effect of the Civil War on Education ................................................................... 12 Advocating Generals ................................................................................. 12 Freedom of Slaves..................................................................................... 14 Current Black American Students in Higher Education ....................................... 15 Enrollment in Higher Education ............................................................... 15 Themes of Black Doctoral Students ......................................................... 15 Length of Completion for Degree ................................................. 15


From year to year, strong attention has been paid to the study of the problems of predicting firms' bankruptcy. Bankruptcy prediction is an essential issue in finance especially in emerging economics. Business information systems like Financial Information Systems (FIS) converts and store the important financial data. Therefore, it is important to integrate decision-support into the environment of these systems.

Predicting future financial situations of individual corporate entities is even more significant. Regression analysis is used to develop a prediction model on Iraqi public listed companies for the period 2010 until 2013. The results show that working capital to total assets, current asset to current liabilities, market value of equity to book value of debt, retained earnings to total asset, and sales to total asset are significant and good indicators of the probability of bankruptcy in Iraq. In this essay I will explain and discuss about Val IT framework which is a new governance framework that help the organization to create value, In addition to Val IT structure and how is this framework relevant to IT governance is and what is the components of it?, also I will mention the principles which Val IT is based on and what is the real-life information that Val IT based on? and finally the future developments of Val IT.


If a 2D picture is worth a thousand words, then a 3D image is worth a million. Holography is the recording and reconstruction of light field information. Although holography is a concept invented over 70 years ago, recent developments aim to create 3D displays in thin air that are perceivable without the use of any glasses.


In actual operation,the insurance company may be restricted by some uncertainties,such as the interest rate,inflation,and return on investment,etc.Based on the discrete and typical compound negative binomial risk model,amore realistic risk model was established by adding into the perturbation item in the paper,that was called the compound negative binomial risk model with perturbation.Some features of the surplus process were discussed and,the general expression and the upper bound of the final bankrupt probability for the new model were got by use of martingale.The model is of some directive functions in actual operations of insurance companies.


The book Profane Parables assumes a clear twofold thesis : films are parables , and the biblical parables of the New Testament are parables of disorientation that therefore critically question their social context . The author , Matthew S. Rindge , Associate Pro¬ fessor of Religious Studies at Gonzaga University , presents this thesis within the first three pages of the book along with his goal – to demonstrate the functioning of films as parables of disorientation on the basis of three examples . The first main chapter deals with the context of these modern parables , which are critically challenged and hence , according to Rindge 's thesis , become parables of disorientation . The author identifies the "American Dream " as this context , beginning with the statement , "The dominant religion in America is America itself " (p. ). To substantiate this thesis Rindge juxtaposes the – in his opinion – constitutive elements of religion(.e sacred text , sacred symbol , sacred ritual , sacred hymn , sa¬ cred days , myths of origins , sacred values ) in Judaism , Christianity , and Islam and finds parallels for each of them in the "Religion America ". He sees the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence as equivalent to the holy text , the flag as a sacred symbol , and the Pledge of Allegiance as sacred ritual . The Star pangled Banner takes the place of the hymn . With regard to holy days , he mentions several , such as Memo¬ rial Day , Veterans Day , Presidents Day , and Independence Day . According to Rindge , the narrative about the Pilgrim Fathers , connected to the leitmotif of freedom , cor¬ responds to the myth of origin . At this point , the author proceeds to a critique of this Religion America and its leitmotif by mentioning its unmasking in the course of countless military interventions abroad in the name of freedom . According to Rindge , sacred value corresponds to the American Dream itself , although he admits how dif¬ ficult it is to define this concept . The two approaches for the critique of the American Dream quoted in the first chapter are quite well known : racial critique on one hand ; a psychoanalytical perspec¬ tive on the other hand . These two seem to have been chosen rather arbitrarily , with


Moral work at universities and colleges in the new period should be centered round important issues facing the cultivation of students.Human based thinking should be established,i.e. service,subjectivity,respect,caring,etc.With regard to human based education ideas,quality of humanity is the core of all qualities.The relationship between individual development and all round development should be correctly handled.


In the ocean, seaweed and microorganisms have coexisted since the earliest stages of evolution and formed an inextricable relationship. Recently, seaweed has attracted extensive attention worldwide for ecological and industrial purposes, but the function of its closely related microbes is often ignored. Microbes play an indispensable role in different stages of seaweed growth, development and maturity. A very diverse group of seaweed‐associated microbes have important functions and are dynamically reconstructed as the marine environment fluctuates, forming an inseparable 'holobiont' with their host. To further understand the function and significance of holobionts, this review first reports on recent advances in revealing seaweed‐associated microbe spatial and temporal distribution. Then, this review discusses the microbe and seaweed interactions and their ecological significance, and summarizes the current applications of the seaweed–microbe relationship in various environmental and biological technologies. Sustainable industries based on seaweed holobionts could become an integral part of the future bioeconomy because they can provide more resource‐efficient food, high‐value chemicals and medical materials. Moreover, holobionts may provide a new approach to marine environment restoration.


Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was introduced in mid 1980s as treatment of symptomatic gallstone disease. This study was conducted to compare the outcome of early vs interval laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis. Methods: It was a randomized controlled study conducted at Department of Surgery, DHQ Teaching Hospital, DI Khan from Jan 2018 to Jan 2019. Eighty patients with diagnosis of acute calculous cholecystitis were included in the study and were divided into 2 groups of 40 each. Group-A underwent early laparoscopic cholecystectomy within 72 hours of presentation. Group-B were kept on conservative treatment, discharged after improvement, and readmitted at 6 weeks interval for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients who failed to respond to conservative treatment after 48 hours were operated in the same admission but were kept in group B. Length of stay, intra-operative blood loss, complications, mean operative time, and conversion rate were documented. Results: There were 6 (15%) males and 34 (85%) females in group A, and 5 (12.5%) male and 35 (87.5%) female patients in group B. Mean operating time (79.65±8.33 vs 99.5±10.78 min, p=0.002), mean operative blood loss (52.12±9.99 vs 81.22±8.63 ml, p=0.000), and mean duration of hospital stay (3.1±0.3 vs 8.1±.8 days, p=0.000) were observed in group A and B respectively. Frequency of bile duct injury was higher in group B (0% vs 0.025%), but the difference was not significant (p=0.500). Conclusion: Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy is better regarding hospital stay, early recovery, complications, and conversion rate compared to delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy with acute cholecystitis.


The debate over market value accounting, or as it is coming to be known, fair value accounting, continues on several fronts. Disclosures are coming. On the first front is the approaching mandate for compliance in "complete financial statements" with the Financial Accounting Standards Board's Statement 107, "Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments." Institutions with assets of $150 million or more must begin providing such disclosures for fiscal years ending after Dec. 15. Smaller organizations have three more years to comply with the disclosure standard. (Quarterly financial reports are not considered complete financial statements and thus aren't covered.) The disclosure rules, part of generally accepted accounting principles, cover instruments on both the asset and liability sides of a bank's balance sheet. Thus, covered instruments include not only investment and trading securities, but also loans and credit commitments, time and core deposits (but not core deposit intangibles), and long-term debt. Certain off-balance-sheet transactions are also covered. Items that are not financial instruments as defined, such as the headquarters building owned by a bank, are not subject to 107. The standard uses the term "fair value," rather than the more commonly used "market value," to avoid confusion. Though the standards board did not agree with the reasoning, it acknowledged that some observers consider market values to exist only where established markets for given securities exist. The board defines fair value as "the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced or liquidation sale." It commented in materials accompanying 107 that "those who associate the term market value only with items that are traded in active secondary markets may however prefer to consider fair value as a broader concept that includes prices and rates obtained from both secondary and primary markets." Disclosures of instruments' fair values can be made directly in financial statements or in the footnotes that accompany them. As for footnotes, institutions can either bunch fair value disclosures in one note or sprinkle footnotes making the disclosure throughout the financial statement. Though "disclosure" sounds less stringent than "fair value accounting," it will be accompanied by its share of headaches. As noted in a recent study prepared for the Association of Reserve City Bankers by KPMG Peat Marwick: "FAS 107 provides limited guidance for calculating fair value estimates when quoted market prices are not available. The most basic decision is the appropriate valuation approach." Though FASB makes some suggestions, in some respects institutions and their accountants will be on 'their own. The study notes that it will be difficult to compare institutions' disclosures to each other. For example, as part of the study KPMG Peat Marwick asked six banks, an investment banker, and two valuation consultants to value four commercial loans, two of which were performing and two of which were in poor shape. The surveyors found differences in valuations among the test group, particularly for the poor loans. Ed Smith, a KPMG Peal: Marwick partner and one of the principal authors of the study, says many bankers lean towards sprinkling disclosures throughout their financial reports rather than concentrating them. "Bankers don't want to project the idea that you can add the disclosures up and get the market value of the institution," Smith explains. The study makes the point that this wouldn't be accurate, as 107 covers only financial instruments. FDICIA issue raised. Related to 107 is one of the numerous requirements included in the FDIC Improvement Act. The act's Section 37 mandates that FDIC, in conjunction with other federal banking regulators, develop a method for insured banks and thrifts to provide supplemental disclosures of the estimated fair market value of both assets and liabilities in call reports and other regulatory filings. …


In current bridge management systems (BMSs), load and speed restrictions are applied on unhealthy bridges to keep the structure safe and serviceable for as long as possible. But the question is, whether applying these restrictions will always decrease the internal forces in critical components of the bridge and enhance the safety of the unhealthy bridges. To find the answer, this paper for the first time in literature, looks into the design aspects through studying the changes in demand by capacity ratios of the critical components of a bridge under the train loads. For this purpose, a structural model of a simply supported bridge, whose dynamic behaviour is similar to a group of real railway bridges, is developed. Demand by capacity ratios of the critical components of the bridge are calculated, to identify their sensitivity to increase of speed and magnitude of live load. The outcomes of this study are very significant as they show that, on the contrary to what is expected, by applying restriction on speed, the demand by capacity ratio of components may increase and make the bridge unsafe for carrying live load. Suggestions are made to solve the problem.


Thaibatun Nisa. 2013. The Students' Mastery of the English Language Affixes.Advisor: Dr. Saifuddin Ahmad Husin, MA.
Key Words: Mastery, language, affixes
This study describes the students' mastery of the English language affixes at English Department Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teachers Training IAIN Antasari Banjarmasin academic year 2012/ 2013. The problems in this research are:How is the students' mastery of the English language affixes? andwhat is the most difficult part of the English language affixes that students have?
 Based on the statement of problem above, this study is supposed to know the students' mastery of the English language affixes and to know the most difficult part of the English language affixes that students have. The subjects of this research are 54 English Department students in 6th semester Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teachers Training IAIN Antasari Banjarmasin. Object of this research is the students' mastery of the English language affixes at English Department Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teachers Training IAIN Antasari Banjarmasin.
The data collections used are test, interview and documentary. Data processing in this research is divided into five stages; they are editing, coding, scoring, tabulating, and interpreting. Then all data analyzed descriptively and quantitatively and use inductive method to make conclusion. The result of the research denoted that the level of students' mastery or the English Language Affixes is in low category. It is based on calculationof the prefix mean score that is 58, 03 and the suffix mean score is 57, 87. In this case, suffix is more difficult than prefix. After analyzing each type of the test, the write found that the most difficult part of prefix are in reading comprehension without clue and matching appropriate prefix to the words and the most difficult part of suffix is in changing the words into verb.
It can be concluded that this probably happen because the students do not know well about part of speech that influence by suffix or the word before and after, they cannot guess whether the sentence active or passive. The inflectional and derivational also influence which affix should be attached to the words. The writer also concludes that the students are not familiar with some word list English prefix and suffix.


The Paleozoic history of the Ozark Uplift constitutes an extremely interesting stratigraphic study, and one upon which comparatively little has been written. The earlier stages of this history, up to the close of the Canadian epoch, are fairly well known, for rocks belonging to this and the preceding epochs are well exposed throughout the uplift. Of the later history but little is known, for so thoroughly have the subsequent periods of erosion performed their work, that only small and widely separated outliers of the younger formations remain on the higher parts of the uplift. Around the borders of this dome are belts of younger formations, more or less completely encircling it, and it has always been a question as to how far these formations once extended toward the crest of the structure and which of them, if any, completely covered it. Upon this question no two sets of paleogeographic maps agree. One of the chief reasons for this disagreement is lack of information concerning the region, for, as a whole, there has been little detailed stratigraphic work done in the region of the Ozark Uplift. In the area around Rolla (iio miles southwest of St. Louis and well toward the crest of the uplift) the existence of outliers of Pennsylvanian and Mississippian age has long been known. The former consist of stratified deposits of sandstone and shale, and cover far greater areas than are shown on existing maps.' The Mississippian outliers are, for the most part, small areas covered with fossiliferous, residual bowlders,2 which have apparently weath-


Over the last several decades, an epidemic of "lifestyle diseases" has developed worldwide including in Kenya. Unhealthy lifestyles such as inactivity, poor nutrition, tobacco use, and frequent alcohol consumption are driving up the prevalence of chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension. In the workplace, chronic diseases come with an increase in medical costs, absenteeism, recruitment and training cost plus a host of other challenges associated with staff turnover.  Furthermore, although chronic disease was once thought to be a problem of older age groups, there is a shift towards the younger working age that adds to the economic burden, because of illness-related loss of productivity due to absence from work (absenteeism) and reduced performance while at work (presenteeism). This study explored the factors affecting sustainability of wellness programs in Nairobi Serena Hotel. The scope of this study was the Hospitality industry in Kenya and Nairobi Serena Hotel in particular. The depended variable was sustainability of wellness programs while the independent variables were effect of incentives and management's support in Nairobi Serena Hotel. Further review of existing literature was done to support the variables under study. To achieve this, the study used descriptive research design to conduct a survey of Nairobi Serena Hotel using structured questionnaires and interviews targeting 135 employees who were 30% of total staff population, which were 450 employees. The data gathered was both qualitative and quantitative data from both primary and secondary sources. The data collected was then analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 22. Result showed that there was a strong correlation between sustainability of wellness programs and wellness incentives and management's support. Therefore, sustainability of wellness programs could be predicted using management's support and wellness incentives. Key Words: Incentives, Management Support, Wellness Programs, Sustainability


Rice is a staple food in Korea. Traditionally, white rice has been the most valued commodity in Korea. Additions of brown and black rice have been introduced recently with an interest in health and nutrition. Black rice is reported to have a high anthocyanin level and an antioxidant capacity. Recently, as it has also been associated with a decreased risk of hyperlipidemia, black rice has become more popular in the Korean diet. Yet there are few reports on the relative intakes of white, brown and black rice in Korea. Therefore, we decided to assess the intake status of white, brown and black rice. This study was based on the data from the KNHANES conducted in years 2010, 2011 and 2012. We extracted food items from raw data obtained through 24-hour recalls. We assessed the intake of white, brown and black rice in the Korean population using 'proc surveymeans'. All analyses were performed by using SAS statistical software (version 9.·2; SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Daily white rice intakes were 177·2 g in 2010, 174·0 g in 2011 and 164·5 g in 2012. Daily brown rice intakes were 8·1 g in 2010, 5·3 g in 2011 and 6·7 g in 2012 where as daily black rice intakes were 1·8 g in 2010, 2·0 g in 2011 and1·8 g in 2012. Additionally, intakes of three types of rice by age group (ages 2–7years, 8–12years, 13–18years, 19–65years, over 65years) were assessed. Intake of white rice showed an increase with increasing age. However, brown and black rice intakes were similar across age groups. Black rice intake overall remains very low. In addition, whole grain intake has increased slightly.


Gadget in the form of smartphone and laptop is a development of information technology and communication in Indonesia. This development is the reason difabel to use gadget in their daily activities. But each of difabel have different motiv and gratifications in using them. So, the aim of research is there is correlation between the difabel use of gadget and satisfaction of interpersonal communication in UIN Sunan Kalijaga. This is quantitative research with the method of purposive sampling and the collection data by questionnaire. Population of data is 72 person and with sample 32 people. The results obtained from this research is proved hypothesis stating that there is a significant positive correlation between the use of gadgets with the satisfaction of interpersonal communication in difabel UIN Sunan Kalijaga.


Hesperidin (HESP) is a plant bioflavonoid found in various nutritional and medicinal products. Many of its multiple health benefits rely on the compound's antioxidant ability, which is due to the presence of oxidizable hydroxyl groups in its structure. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the electrochemical behavior of HESP at a cheap, disposable pencil graphite electrode (PGE) in order to develop rapid and simple voltammetric methods for its quantification. Cyclic voltammetric investigations emphasized a complex electrochemical behavior of HESP. The influence of the electrode material, solution stability, supporting electrolyte pH, and nature were examined. HESP main irreversible, diffusion-controlled oxidation signal obtained at H type PGE in Britton Robinson buffer pH 1.81 was exploited for the development of a differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) quantitative analysis method. The quasi-reversible, adsorption-controlled reduction peak was used for HESP quantification by differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry (DPAdSV). The linear ranges of DPV and DPAdSV were 1.00 × 10−7–1.20 × 10−5 and 5.00 × 10−8–1.00 × 10−6 mol/L with detection limits of 8.58 × 10−8 and 1.90 × 10−8 mol/L HESP, respectively. The DPV method was applied for the assessment of dietary supplements bioflavonoid content, expressed as mg HESP.


This paper seeks to characterize the rural young and their prospects of living in a settlement of the Pontal of Paranapanema (SP). It is the settlement Ribeirao Bonito, located in Teodoro Sampaio, with over ten years of establishment. To collect pertinent information to the research, a questionnaire was elaborated and administered to 30 young people at the settlement before mentioned. The questionnaire consisted of questions that aimed to characterize the young, the family and the allotment, leisure activities, relationships with family, work and school, future plans, and what they thought about young people leaving the rural areas, among other questions. The results of the research show that young people from settlement Ribeirao Bonito value education and advancement to higher levels of education is motivated by parents who believe their children would have better lives if they get a "diploma". Leisure activities in the settlement showed to be very little, however, for young people, these moments of recreation are more wanted in rural areas than in urban areas. Though they declare that have good family relationships, young people surveyed do not consider interesting to continue working on the allotment with their parents. Part of these young people want to seek a higher education in a urban place and working in nonfarm occupation, however, most young people would like to reconcile the pursuit of another profession (which may be a technical training in agriculture, but to work as an employee outside the allotment), with continued residence in rural areas, close to parents, indicating that the strong rejection of work as a farmer, does not occur in the same proportion in relation to rural lifestyle as a whole, because they believe that exercising another occupation (employed and supposedly more qualified) would be one way to make sure a better income and living conditions than that experienced today with their parents.


Drawing on critical research on the political economy of the media and intellectual property rights (IPR), this research examines copyright growth in China's digital media. It sees copyright development as the creation of private cultural property, an ongoing process and part of China's media marketization and the globalization of IPR. It focuses on three critical moments in the creation of digital copyright: the invention of ground rules by state organs, a bottom-up challenge to copyright control, and the correlated development between law and business agendas. It argues that digital copyright is part of China's market-oriented reform, West-looking legal transplantation, elite-driven policymaking, and business-friendly Internet governance. The law and its implementation manifest the ascendance of proprietary cultural control in Chinese cyberspace, which needs to be assessed historically and critically.


The stable isotopes of oxygen-18 and deuterium were utilized to identify different water sources mixing in the soil layer that recharged to groundwater of a paddy field during the growth season in 2014. Based on the measurements of deuterium and oxygen-18 in.soil water, rain water and groundwater in the paddy field of Chianan Plain in Southwest Taiwan in the wet season was collected, and the relationship between δD and δ18O in soil water and groundwater recharge was investigated in this study. The soil water in the paddy field of Chianan plain was collected with suction lysimeters for the identiion of different sources of subsurface flow. The isotopic compositions of hydrogen and oxygen in different water bodies were used to evaluate the groundwater recharge sources in the paddy field. The intensity of rainfall and evaporation influenced the saturation conditions of pore water present in soil layer. In general, transiently intense rainfall tended to be difficult in recharging groundwater. The results show the use of stable isotopes in water bodies can be used to monitor or identify the source/sink of soil layer and their respective contributions to groundwater recharge. In this research, the isotopic compositions of hydrogen and oxygen in the soil water at different depths before and after event water were identified. The top soil layer (<30 cm depth) in the presence of the isotope depleted soil water was probably subjected to evaporation. The soil water has more depleted isotope composition that was observed in shallow soil layers. More depleted fraction of isotopes in groundwater was similar to rainwater, wchich suggested that the groundwater was primarily from rainfall. In addition, the isotopic compositions of hydrogen and oxygen in groundwater slightly deviated from the local meteoric water line in southern Taiwan.


I would love a microbicide gel. But right now, even cheap water-based lubes are simply NOT available in many settings. So what would be the case with a specially formulated gel? Of course, something to consider is that in some of our countries, something that "promotes homosexuality" like a rectal microbicide for anal sex, God forbid, might be banned before it is even actually produced! But, the biggest advantage with a rectal microbicide is that most of us need a lubricant for anal sex. Even if we despise condoms, we just can't do without lubrication. We love the pleasure of sex, not pain. So combining a microbicide and lubrication in the same product in our pockets or bedside table is a no-brainer. We would use it. It would be fun. We would even forget that it is a medicine—it's just a lube, and lube is good with sex. –Dr. Paul Semugoma, HIV and LGBT activist, IRMA member, Uganda


"Climate change, once considered an issue for a distant future, has moved firmly into the present," according to the third iteration of the U.S. National Climate Assessment (NCA), issued by the White House on 6 May. "The observed warming and other climatic changes are triggering wide-ranging impacts in every region of our country and throughout our economy," states the report, titled Climate Change Impacts in the United States, issued through the federal interagency U.S. Global Change Research Program.


Changes of quantum yield of different quantum dots prepared by
different synthetic processes with different surface coatings
were measured by secondary method and compared. It was found
out that quantum yield of quantum dots strongly depends on pH
of reaction mixture, surface coating and purification process.


Methods of compliance in physician office laboratories (POLs) with the blood-borne pathogen regulations of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration are presented. Central to compliance is establishment of an exposure control plan, which is a written document outlining procedures to eliminate or minimize employee exposure to blood-borne pathogens or other potentially infectious material. The employer must determine which employees are at risk of exposure while performing their routine work duties. Universal precautions should be used for all samples. Engineering controls should be used to separate or remove hazards of potential exposure from the workplace


Planting tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) seed free of the endophyte Acremonium coenophialum Morgan-Jones & Gams allows establishment of swards free of the fungus. Eradication of the fungal endophyte from infected tall fescue seeds containing 130 g kg −1 moisture using ionizing radiation was investigated. Three sources of radiation were used: gamma rays ( 60 Co source), neutron particles ( 252 Cf source), and a thermal neutron beam. The percent germination of tall fescue seeds among gamma doses did not differ significantly (P 90%. percent seed germination of tall fescue and high levels of radiation were negatively correlated for both sources of neutrons. Gamma radiation was shown to reduce (P<0.01) the percent of the viable endophyte to ≃10% of control. The 252 Cf and thermal neutrons reduced the percent of tall fescue infected by the endophyte to ≃30% without deleterious effects on seed germination


S AND TRANSLATIONS 1. Latin American publications reported by William Bright: [The accounts are ordered alphabetically, by language, language group, or other main topic. As a partial index, the list of topics is given


This paper seeks to detect hot and cold IPO cycles in the Tunisian and Egyptian share market using a Markov regime switching model. Using a set of IPO activity measures (number of IPOs, level of underpricing, market conditions and duration), we established a model which estimates these activity measures in hot and cold periods respectively. We depicted the turning points for each activity measure. It is found that these markets are cold in the major period. As in regards to cycles, the segmentation method gives almost the same periods, except for the market condition measures (Trading volume for Tunisian stock market and Stock Market Returns (SMR) for Egyptian stock market) which give a different segmentation.


Structural, magnetic and transport properties of electron beam evaporated Co / Cu thin film and multilayer structures (MLS) having different layer thicknesses have been characterized using XRD, MOKE and resistivity techniques. The structural studies show different crystal structures for different sub-layer thicknesses. The Co (300 Ǻ) single layer film is amorphous, while Cu (300 Ǻ) film is microcrystalline in nature. The particle size is found to decrease as the number of interfaces increase. The corresponding magnetic and resistivity measurements show an increase in saturation field and resistivity. However, coercivity decreases with decrease in particle size. The results conclude that these properties are greatly influenced by various micro structural parameters such as layer thickness, number of bilayers and the quality of interfaces formed under different growth conditions.


THE City of Hamilton is peculiarly situated in that it is the hub of the provincial system of highways in southern Ontario. It is not surprising, therefore, that a great many accidents find their way to this city, a large number of which are head injuries. The treatment of head injuries has become of great importance during the past years of increasing motor traffic. The number of cases which have come under our care has given us the opportunity for study, has helped us to correlate our pathological and clinical findings, and has served, therefore, to form a basis for treatment. It is generally recognized that there are three clinical states in head injuries:--(1) the state of concussion; (2) the state of contusionlaceration; (3) the state of compression. Concussion is the state of unconsciousness resulting from a blow to the head. This blow causes a superficial co'rtcal capillary anaemia and about one-third of the area of the cortex must be rendered anemic before the state of unconsciousness' and paralysis is produced. The stability of the three circulations, arterial, venous, and cerebrospinal, is disturbed in proportion to the severity of the blow. If one could look inside the skull, however, no actual organic damage could be seen, either gross or microscopic. One can understand, therefore, that concussion has a tendency to spontaneous recovery without any sequelve. Contusion-laceration implies actual contusion and laceration of the meninges and brain substance. Along the line of force of the blow will be lacerated membranes, torn vessels, and hemorrhages. A venous congestion and an exudation of lymph are therefore produced, causing acute cadema with its widespread effects. Contusion-laceration is necessarily accompanied by concussion and may produce sequelwe. Compression is the result of increased intra-


The implementation of a Superconducting Magnetic Bearing (SMB) system is a promising solution for the problem of friction exhibited in the twisting elements of the conventional ring‐spinning process. This research focuses on the development of a dynamical model with six degrees of freedom of the Permanent Magnet (PM) ring used in an SMB system for a high‐speed ring spinning process. The modeling takes into account the magnetic forces and torques that enable the magnetic levitation of the PM ring. Experimental tests allow the identification of unknown parameters of the model and the validation is done through simulations.


The methodology for estimating of activation energy of diffusion processes in bio-membranes was developed based on spatial-energy notions (P-parameter). It is shown that transport relative penetrability in bio-membranes is numerically equal to the degree of conformation interactions calculated via the relative difference of corresponding P-parameters. Calculation criteria are in accordance with reference and experimental data


The concern of the governments of developing countries today is not only to achieve required economic growth but also to fulfill their socio-economic obligations to the people. Technology is largely created in response to market pressures and not to meet the needs of the poor. As a result, research neglects opportunities to develop technology for poor people. The question arises whether technology entrenches millions in evergreater poverty, or can it be used to eradicate poverty and sufferings of the poor. Or can we develop a technology that really helps to solve our problems? The primary task of technology is to lighten the burden of the working man in order to stay alive and develop his potential. Governments of the developing world must formulate policies to take greatest advantage of technologies that can alleviate poverty. The efforts of these countries should be directed towards building the technological capabilities of poor people and particularly women. Appropriate technology that suits the people of these countries in the areas of iriformation technology, biotechnology etc. is vital for their development as it provides clear direction to the needs of these countries and more so in fulfilling the main objective of poverty reduction.


Although not definitive, the authors' study suggests potential benefits from having a general public better informed about global climate change. They find, e.g., that accurate information appears to increase willingness to accept personal sacrifice.


DOTS are comparatively rare in Palaeolithic decoration, and only a small number of them are of the round bored type common in Eskimo art. As far as they can be identified, the types of Palaeolithic implements most frequently ornamented with dots are pendants and spatulas. According to Piette,' this type of ornamentation is restricted to the upper levels of sculpture and the lower levels of simple engravings, i.e., to the Aurignacian, Solutrean, and lower Magdalenian. Dot ornamentation does not continue to the end of the Magdalenian, though it reappears in a very fully developed form in the Maglemosian; this fact argues against a direct inheritance by the Eskimo of the Palaeolithic dot designs. Piette's stratigraphy, however, needs revision,2 so that perhaps this argument will have to be abandoned. Unfortunately, the material I have gathered is not sufficient to solve this question. The high development of the dot motif among the modern Central Eskimo and Algonkian Indians suggests, according to Speck, that this design originated in the region about Hudson Bay; 3 but, he admits, it might be an element of remote antiquity, possibly dating from the Aurignacian.4 The prominence of the simple dot design among the modern Central Eskimo is due, I think, to the disappearance of the more complex elements of Thule art, leaving only the simplest patterns in the degenerate modern style. In Palaeolithic art, dots tend to occur without any other decoration. The arrangement is sometimes irregular,6 though usually we can detect a tendency towards longitudinal lines of dots (Plate XVIII A, 1 to 3). An early Magdalenian prototype of the barbed antler points ("harpoons") of the upper Magdalenian, from Laugerie-Basse,6 has nine rudimentary barbs, pointing towards the point, just above the tang, and above them, continuing the line, is a single row of round bored dots. However, an Aurignacian bone specimen from the Gorge d'Enfer, Dordogne, has a slightly oblique transverse line of dots.7 The ornamentation is sometimes a little more complicated, when short transverse lines are added to the vertical lines of dots, as on two Magdalenian pendants (Plate XVIII A, 4 and 7).


1 Problem Definition Kuwait City today suffers from an in-cohesive urban image. The city lacks a civic space, a theme, and a pedestrian friendliness. This lacking urban image is the result of disconnected developments and the absence of a comprehensive urban vision. This project proposes the development of a civic space, hoping to ignite an urban renewal desire for a cohesive and vital urban environment. This civic space will be located at an urban nexus known as the Flag Square. The square marks the northwestern edge of down town Kuwait; it is adjacent to the waterfront on one side, and to residential and industrial zones on the other. This three million square feet plaza was dedicated for Kuwait civic celebrations ever since modernization began in the latter part of the twentieth century. These celebrations include the National Day, Liberation Day, New Year Day, Eid al-Fitr, and Eid al-Adha. However, the square is just an empty lot that does not speak of any local cultural aspiration and does not portray the dignity of this capital city. The project is to develop this piece of land and transform it to a well designed urban civic landmark that will serve the needs of the Kuwaiti people. Case Statement The design will transform an empty lot to an urban artifact. The urban plaza will house local civic events. This plaza will be the largest and most comprehensive civic space in Kuwait. SITE


The Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (DOTD) conducted this customer satisfaction survey to determine levels of satisfaction overall and with select components of the state maintained highway system. An A, B, C, D and F letter grading scale was used to determine level of satisfaction. The proportion of customers considered as being satisfied was calculated by summing the percent responding A, B and C. In addition to the level of satisfaction, a numeric score and overall letter grade were tabulated for the system overall and for each system component. Interviews were completed with 1,600 DOTD customers between May 19 and June 9, 2003. Customers were defined as Louisiana registered voters who hold a valid Louisiana driver's license and have driven on the state highway system within the past year. Overall, DOTD received a C+ grade based on an 84% satisfactory rating among customers. Customer satisfaction levels ranged from a high of 89% on major bridges (B-) and safety (C+) to a low of 69% (C) on pavement conditions. Communications, congestion (traffic flow), and maintenance were the other components receiving a letter grade of C+ based on satisfaction ratings of 84%, 86% and 82%, respectively. An overall grade of C was given to the work zone component (satisfaction rating of 76%) and to the state highway system overall (64% satisfaction rating).


The capability to segment words from fluent speech is an important step for learning and acquiring a language(Jusczyk,1999).Therefore,a number of researches and studies have focused on various cues that language learners exploit to locate word boundaries.During the half century,it has been discussed that there are mainly four crucial cues can be used by listeners to segment words in speech.Particularly,they are:(1)Prosody(Echols et al.1997;Jusczyk et al.1996):(2)Statistical and distributional regularities(Brent et al.1996;Saffran et al.1996);(3)Phonotactics(Brent et al.1996;Myers et al.1996);


FIELD: textiles, paper. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to webbing of complex geometric configurations for volumetric reinforced composite products which is flat woven layers with the possibility of their unbending relative to each other to produce three-dimensional configuration and formed by warp and weft threads, different that the tape is solid-woven blank formed by intersection of weft layers that are formed by a complex texture by transition of weft thread of the same length in sequence from one woven layer to another for each cycle of laying of weft thread forming the solid surfaces of fabric layers of equal density in weft thread with preservation of the texture shift in the sites of weft thread transition from layer to layer, and the order of weft thread laying in layers is determined by the desired shape of the blank. EFFECT: exclusion of exfoliation and the ability to maintain a given shape.


In this paper, the resource allocation problem is considered for energy efficient spectrum access in a wireless cognitive radio ad hoc network, where each node is equipped with cognitive radio and has limited battery energy. The network is an OFDMA system operating on time slots. In each slot, the users with new traffic demand will sense the entire spectrum and locate the available subcarrier set. By assuming that a central coordinator has the link gain information of all the new simultaneous transmitting receiving pairs (say through a rendezvous channel), an energy efficient subcarrier selection and power allocation scheme is derived by minimizing energy per bit across the network while considering all the interference from co-channel users, together with QoS requirements and maximal power limit. An -optimal solution for the unconstrained optimization problem is attained in the first part of the paper by the proposed efficient one-dimensional sub-gradient search algorithm. Then a near-optimal solution for the constrained resource allocation problem is derived by combining the optimal solution and distributed power control. The solution provides insights on the properties of energy efficient resource allocation in an ad hoc network which differ from the case of cellular networks, and it can be served as a benchmark for the design of distributed resource allocation schemes for such networks. The results could also be directly applied to networks with certain infrastructure support (such as a cluster based network).


The paper seeks to identify the distinctive features of the architectural process as a concept of architectural studies and as a phenomenon, and suggests a methodology for studying the architectural process in Russia. Relevance. The need to study the architectural process in Russia in the second half of the 20th - first half of the 21st century was dictated by the following reasons: firstly, changes in the architectural creativity fundamentals expressing themselves in changes in the design techniques; secondly, development of information and computer technologies, which raised design to a qualitatively new level; third, the need to systematize the scientific knowledge of the architectural process that has been gained to date and reconsider the subject area of architectural history. Research methods. The study reviewed periodicals and research publications addressing the architectural process as a concept of architectural studies and as a specific phenomenon in the sphere of architecture. It is expected that the systematization of this information will enable certain tendencies to be revealed in the Russian architectural process. Conclusions. The proposed methodology for studying the architectural process as a phenomenon enabled three groups of changes to be identified in the Russian architectural process.


For many decades, the electric power industry has been regarded as one of the more-efficient sectors of American industry. Many observers have cited improvements in the productivity of all inputs as evidence of the industry's rate of technological progress and ability to exploit economies of scale. Economic studies of both plant and firm-level economies have concentrated almost solely on the generating sector of the industry but have generally reached similar conclusions although there have been important disagreements as to the source of the efficiencies (i.e., economies of scale, technological change, or utilization of capacity) and the ranking of productivity improvements among the inputs. None of these studies, however, has ever identified any diseconomies of scale or ever challenged the natural monopoly concept as applied to the electric power industry. The present study justifies the use of a non-traditional cost concept (Section II). Section III utilizes a multivariate regression analysis to assess firm level economies of scale in generation, transmission, distribution, and administration. Existing econometric studies cannot form the basis for this analysis because they have had several important shortcomings, have concentrated primarily on generation, and excluded transmission and distribution, and have, with two exceptions, been based on data existing priormore » to 1959. The final section summarizes and evaluates the results. 29 references. (MCW)« less


In an effort to fulfill the Minimum Service Standards (MSS) for toll roads according to the toll road law, all toll road business entities (TRBE) must fulfill them. This includes the Jakarta – Tangerang toll road section. Therefore, routine maintenance and maintenance of roads and facilities is always carried out. So that in toll lanes various maintenance activities are always found, in situations of very congested traffic conditions. And because maintenance activities use road lanes, this has an impact on the safety of toll road users. Data retrieval through questionnaires Phase I and Phase II with data sample collection tools using google form, observation, document collection, all data results will be analyzed using Microsoft excel and multiple linear regression using IBM SPSS version 21. From data analysis, potential factors are obtained. causing an influence on road safety during maintenance is the management of maintenance work, among which the influence is the management of work materials, management of the work environment, management of work equipment, management of work methods, and labor management. While the most dominant factor influencing individually is the management of the work environment.

Keywords: factor analysis, effect of maintenance, road user safety.


This Review allows the presentation of what is currently considered best practice in the use of economics in animal health, and it looks at where economics could be incorporated into animal health investments and programmes to ensure that the allocation of resources is both proportionate and timely.

Understanding the socio-economic circumstances in which animal diseases emerge, are maintained and spread, is both a part of economic impact assessments and a basis for multidisciplinary assessments of animal health interventions. Such assessments need to consider animal welfare and take into account the value that society places on this important aspect of animal care.
In addition to changes in public attitudes towards animal health and welfare, there has been a shift in the way the world uses and views economics. The neo-classical basis of economic assessment is under scrutiny and alternative views of how to assess people's behaviour have been proposed. These are applicable to an animal health context and need to be explored if economics is to add value to animal disease management and to overall leadership on animal health and welfare policies and standards.

Vol. 36 (1), April 2017, Trilingual
ISBN 978-92-95108-30-1
29.7 x 21 cm, approx. 350 pp.
Ref.: R 36 (1), Price: 70 €


The research of covert channel analysis on Tuling SecOS2.0/4 is reported.A new covert channel identification method--modified semantic information flow method is proposed.It has less workload,can directly analyze the source code and exclude the false result,also helps the covert channel handling.It uses this method to identify the cover channels of the Tuling SecOS,computes the bandwidths accurately,and handles the covert channels according to different security policies.The result shows conform to the requirement of Level 4 security operating system in relevant national standards.


Fluoflavin has been found to have an absorption spectrum very similar to that of 5,12-dimethylquinoxalino[2,3-b]quinoxaline (I; R = R' = CH3), and is assigned the structure 5,12-dihydroquinoxalino[2,3-b]quinoxaline (I; R = R' = H). Attempts to prepare 5,12-dimethylquinoxalino[2,3-b]quinoxaline from 2,3-dihydroxyquinoxaline and NN'-dimethyl-o-phenylenediamine resulted in the loss of a methyl group, and 5H-12-methylquinoxalino[2,3-b] was obtained. The same compound was also isolated following attempts to prepare 5,11-dimethylquinoxalino- [2,3-b]quinoxaline (II; R = R' = CH3). The latter compound has not been obtained.


The relationship between the uncertainty of outcome hypothesis (UOH), where fans prefer games that are expected to be closely contested, and attendance is investigated in four non-AQ football conferences. The teams in these smaller conferences play games against each other and against bigger, more prominent schools in the elite AQ conferences. Using the betting market point spread as a proxy for uncertainty of outcome, two key points concerning the UOH emerge: college football fans in these conferences prefer less uncertainty of outcome both when their team is a home favorite and when their team is a home underdog.