Agota Kristof's fictional world shows human existence as pointless and her main
characters' lives are defined by loss of vital relationships, nostalgia and lack of
meaning. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the female characters and
their personal relationships. Until now, the critics have focused on the trilogy,
with its rhizomatic structure and portrayal of the dislocation of exile, and have
neglected her plays, short stories and autobiography. In our study, the texts were
analysed through the framework of materialist feminism, examining issues of
women's subordination in society and the family, of which the most extreme form
is prostitution. In order to highlight the lack of female voice or perspective in the
texts, narratology was used, with an emphasis on voice and focalisation.
The textual analysis undertaken shows that, from this perspective, her work can
be divided into two different periods. The first one contains her earlier writing in
the form of the short stories and plays, where, in a few stories, women are
unhappy with their position in the family. The second period contains her novels,
which foreground the male characters' experience of separation and loss. Our
principal conclusion was that women are portrayed in their secondary roles of
wives and mothers, while men are dominant as narrators, writers, and
protagonists; this reflects the traditional patriarchal dichotomy. There is, however,
an interrogation of traditional gender roles: male characters are weak and
marginal, while in some texts, women's life in the family is represented as a
prison from which they want to escape. When the texts do focus on the individual
woman's experience and voice, they underline the internal conflict between her
aspirations and prescribed roles, which in some cases leads to violence against the
husband and can be seen as subversive.


The paper introduces the foundation pit supporting technology of grouting pile cantilerer enclosure by percussion and grabing in the foundation with deep gravel stratuin and high groundwater level, and mainly discusses its design analysis, dewatering measures, construction techniques and its surrounding protection function .


Abstract Purpose Self-monitoring may represent a mechanism to enhance physical activity among people with multiple sclerosis. To optimise activity monitoring as a behavioural tool to increase physical activity, user experience must be understood. This study evaluated user experience of the Yamax SW-200 Digi-walker pedometer in a group of people with MS. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 adults who participated in a 12-week pedometer-supported behavioural change intervention, the iStep-MS trial. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using the Framework Method. Results An overarching theme Pedometers, the frustrating motivators captures the complex and often contradictory experience of the pedometer. Sub-themes include: Increasing activity awareness, which describes the pedometer's utility in raising activity consciousness; Numeric motivation provides insight into dual motivating and demotivating experiences of using an objective feedback device; (Un) usability focuses on practical concerns encountered in the day-to-day use of the monitor. Conclusion The Yamax SW-200 Digi-walker raised awareness and enhanced participant motivation to engage in physical activity. Accuracy and usability concerns highlighted warrant consideration in the selection of this pedometer within a population with multiple sclerosis. Trial registration Changing physical activity behaviour in people with MS: the iStep-MS trial; ISRCTN15343862; https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN15343862 Implications for rehabilitation Use of self-monitoring tools such as pedometers can enhance physical activity awareness. Objective, numeric step count feedback is an effective motivational tool for physical activity. Accuracy and usability concerns may limit the value of the Yamax SW-200 Digiwalker for people with MS. Identification of individualised, reliable, usable and acceptable tools is important to ensure engagement with self-monitoring.


The Internet has radically changed the way businesses and individuals communicate. Most people view this as a positive achievement and applaud the egalitarian ability of all to post online and locate information of interest. Along with these benefits, however, is the increasing damage done by those who post untrue business reviews, personal attacks and altered photos and videos. Interestingly, the average person will claim to support "freedom of speech" on the Internet – until they are the victim of a false accusation or hate speech. This paper examines when speech ceases to be "free" and crosses the line to defamation. It will discuss some of the laws that govern online defamation, provide situational examples and specify the costs incurred by victims of defamation. Finally, it will conclude with recommendations on how to proactively deal with potential defamation situations.


SUMMARY Multi-energy sources, for heating and cooling purposes, are considered to have a large potential in contributing to the penetration of renewable energy sources for domestic, building and industrial applications. But it requires that conventional heating and cooling systems have to be adapted or changed for incorporating renewable energy sources. Nowadays, the heating, ventilating and air-conditioning industries are the actors which have access to the market, and they provide services using mainly fossil fuels or electricity as energy sources. The objective is to have them using renewable energy, combining conventional and renewable sources and proposing environmental cost-effective products. The technical goal of this project is to set-up technology resource centres in Europe, with the aim of building bridges between the technology providers (research centres, universities and industry) and the technology users (manufacturers, engineering companies…). The project outputs are: • Creation of the clubs/grouping • Collection of RTD results • Development of design tools for evaluating and sizing the new technologies • Best practice and training programme • Creation of a knowledge resource centre relying on multi language search engines based on craft ontologies and terminologies • International collaboration with China For this 13 partners are collaborating to this project. The consortium is composed of centres of excellence in the area of renewable energies, energy agencies and professional associations representing industry.


Along with the boost of China's direct investment in GMS countries,it is significant to understand the influence of China's capital on the economy of the host countries.Taking for example the major trades with Chinese investment in Vietnam,Cambodia and Laos,this article makes an analysis of the direct and indirect influences of China's investment on the host countries respectively.It comes to the conclusion that China's direct investment immediately produces a positive impact on the three countries of GMS while the indirect impact is not obvious.


THE POTENTIAL FOR THE FORESTRY SECTOR UNDER THE CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM (CDM) IN MALAYSIA IS VAST. With the modalities recently adopted at COP 9, held in Milan, Italy, it seems that afforestation and reforestation (A&R) activities are likely to proceed. Although currently there is a greater tendency towards renewable energy activities in Malaysia, it does not mean that A&R will be sidelined but their inclusion might be slightly delayed due to the need to establish institutional mechanisms and to complement the development of Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) and Sustainable Development. The large number and mandate of Forest Management Units (FMUs) in the country shows that forestry is of major concern to the country's resource management agenda. Through the CDM, FMUs will be able to develop and prosper with the potential to become a model for achieving sustainable development, especially within the tropics. Malaysian forestry offers many advantages for investors as it provides a long-term investment now supplemented by the additional opportunities from the CDM, thus making forestry more attractive to a wider audience. MALAYSIA HAS ENDEAVOURED TO RESTORE BALANCE TO THE GOALS OF SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND THE MAINTENANCE OF SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS since the 1970s by introducing a variety of regulatory and non-regulatory measures. These objectives, derived from the third Malaysian Development Plan (1976-1980), have been reaffirmed in subsequent development plans (8 Malaysian Plan and the Malaysian Vision 2020). Among the strategies for natural resource management that are continuously being adopted and promoted are: prevention and control of pollution and other forms of environmental degradation; land-use planning based on land suitability, capability and carrying capacity; and integrated project planning and implementation whereby environmental considerations are given heightened emphasis. Malaysia signed the UNFCCC on 9 June 1993 and ratified it on 17 July 1994. This was followed by ratification of the Kyoto Protocol in September 2002. Subsequently, the government established the National Climate Committee (NCC), to help meet its obligations under the Convention, that consists of representatives from relevant sectors with the former Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment (MOSTE) as Chair (the newly-established Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment will probably take over MOSTE's responsibility). There are two technical committees under the NCC: the Technical Committee for Energy facilitated by the Malaysian Energy Centre; and the Technical Committee for Forestry facilitated by the Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). Malaysia is a very complex and diverse coastal nation rich in biodiversity and natural resources. Covering an area of 329,733 km, Malaysia is divided into two regions, separated by approximately 644 km by the South China Sea. Malaysia consists of thirteen states, eleven on the Malayan Peninsula and two, Sabah and Sarawak, on the island of Borneo. The country is situated in the equatorial region lying between latitudes 1N and 7N and longitudes 90.5E and 120E. THE SUSTAINABILITY OF FORESTRY PRACTICES IS NOW BEING SERIOUSLY QUESTIONED, especially with regards to tropical forestry. According to an International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) study, less than one tenth percent of tropical forests are managed on a sustainable basis. Due to the endless season of perfect growing temperatures and rainfall, it would seem most unlikely that forestry in the tropics could ever become unsustainable. Truly, if sustainable practices are in place, then the issue of depletion and degradation should not arise. However, it has been shown that, in some regions, there were unsustainable practices in the past that still continue today. If correct and sustainable management of tropical forests is not taken seriously enough, it may soon be too late and the damage could take an immeasurable amount of time to repair. There are two important issues to consider when assessing the impact of climate change on forestry. Firstly, forests are an essential component of the global carbon cycle acting as a reservoir CDM Investment Newsletter Nr. 2/2004 13 for storing carbon. Secondly, forest ecosystems are integral parts of the global biological system that constantly reacts to variations of the climate. Trees and plants can modify their own physiological functions if the situation requires, and animals are just as adaptive as they are constantly shifting areas in which to reside. However, tropical forests are more vulnerable to land use change than to climatic changes, so the amount of forest that is left will be the result of a balance between land conversion for economic activities and sustainable forest management practices that are imposed. Recognizing that many tropical countries are still relatively dependent on their natural resource activities both as a source of foreign exchange as well as for survival, it is critical that the forests are managed in a sustainable manner in perpetuity. In this respect, the issue of plantations may be worth discussion; they can provide a superior source of supply for the timber industry and provide maximum utilisation of the logged-over/ degraded land, which is in abundance in Malaysia and in many parts of the tropical world. UNFORTUNATELY, THE CONVERSION OF NATURAL FORESTS TO AGRICULTURE OR PLANTATIONS is often considered as the only means to increase the economic well being of local communities. However, this practice has resulted in mixed results in terms of land use and sustainability depending upon the model of land conversion and the economic and political system present. In Malaysia, under organized land conversion systems, forests have given way to acacia and rubber plantations, all of which have provided excellent income and employment opportunities. Forest plantations also provide additional non-wood forest products (NWFP) from planted trees to other elements of the ecosystem that they create and support. They contribute to social, economic and physical development of areas, which increase the livelihoods of the stakeholders along with the country's overall growth. Furthermore, they also contribute to combating desertification by protecting soil and water and, if planned properly, can contribute to the rural landscape and the maintenance of biodiversity. Plantation development is not a new concept; rather it is one that must be enhanced in its delivery, as there are still vast areas of forest that have been harvested without any degree of regeneration taking place. In addition, with forests being exploited and/or converted to agricultural use, forestry has been relegated to the hills, which yield lower quality timber and present more management problems. Subsequently, there has been a switch from the traditional concentration on yield management towards a greater concern for biodiversity, socio-economic issues and environmental protection. This has led to a controversy, escalating to a global scale with a fundamental question now being asked, "How can we fix this problem and what timeline can we forecast for its completion?" There is a significant amount of degraded land left over in Malaysia from harvesting, shifting agriculture and forest fires. According to a baseline study conducted by FRIM and the Forestry Office Peninsular Malaysia, there is approximately 2.8 million ha of land that is suitable for conversion to forest plantations and that would help reduce the pressure of logging on natural forests. Malaysia also has a significant amount of degraded, burnt-over land (largely due to the drought and subsequent forest fires over time) and as a result, the full potential of the land is not being utilised. However, this is set to change as a massive reforestation and plantation-replanting programme is planned: logged-over/degraded areas will be utilised as production forests by investing in plantations and silviculture activities, especially enrichment planting of fast growing indigenous species; silviculture treatments will be considered, even if the results might be slower; enrichment in appropriate areas will ensure higher productivity; and this form of "intensive" natural forest management will be encouraged in logged-over and burnt forests. It is expected that this activity will be initiated as soon as feasibly possible. THE FULL POTENTIAL OF FORESTRY CDM PROJECTS HAS NOT BEEN SUFFICIENTLY EXPLOITED in the country despite several 'inception schemes' that have brought few results to date. In an attempt towards addressing this gap, Malaysia has established a number of "Forest Management Units" (FMUs); these are long-term concessions that allow the private sector (as the owner) to incorporate and put into practice as many of the elements of SFM as possible (land in Malaysia is owned by the State). SFM encompasses the entire range of variables beyond just natural forest conservation, including biodiversity, wildlife management, plantation forests, concession forests, community development, watershed protection and the fostering of goodwill CDM Investment Newsletter Nr. 2/2004 14 between all parties to enable a broader choice of economic activities. This approach will lead towards a greater opportunity for all and facilitate a continuation of the activities within the area in perpetuity. Commencing in 1998, the FMU initiative programme started with the State Government (in particular the state of Sabah) giving large "concessions" of generally logged-over forest to the private sector to undertake SFM with the first prerequisite being the development of a Forest Management Plan (FMP), the key factor in SFM. The FMP specifies areas for different activities such as harvesting, reforestation, plantation development, community forestry and conservation. Using this concept and deploying it on a national scale takes a great deal of co


In this lecture, we discuss some spectral techniques and their applications. The goal of spectral techniques is to study and deduce the characteristics of a matrix by looking at its spectrum (i.e. eigenvalues of matrix). Although spectral methods can be applied to any problem instance with matrix representation, we will be focussing on graph theoretic problems in this lecture. Over the past two decades, spectral techniques have proven to be quite useful in analysing some of the graph problems like coloring, bisection, max-cut. The aim of this lecture is to give the reader an intuition why spectral techniques are giving such good results and discuss a couple of applications. We would also like to mention that recently Prof. Daniel Spielman (Yale University) gave a tutorial on spectral graph theory in FOCS 2007 conference. His slides, presentation data and an online recording of his lecture are available at [7] and can be viewed freely. We encourage you to go through them. These notes are organized as follows. In the next section, we discuss an application of spectral analysis on page ranking. In section 3, we discuss some intuitions about spectral techniques and how they are applied to some applications. This is followed by a discussion on application of spectral methods in graph coloring in section 4. We conclude in section 5.


Background: Snake bite is a common medical emergency in tropical countries. Mucosal bleeding, especially from gastrointestinal tract is very common in these patients. Aims: To study the incidence of upper gastrointestinal lesions in patients of hemotoxic snake envenomation by endoscopy and to determine the type and size of these lesions. Material and Methods: Sixty patients of hemotoxic envenomation admitted in government hospital during 1 year period w.e.f. November 2010 to October 2011 were subjected to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Their demographic, clinical and upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings were noted and analyzed. Results: Majority of patients were young (75%) between 20 to 50 years of age, male (71.7%) and belonging to rural population (73.3%). All the cases were bitten over the limbs. Fang marks (86.6%) and local swelling (83.3%) was the most common local manifestations. Haemorrhagic syndrome was seen in 56.7% of patients, in which gum bleed (47%) and upper gastrointestinal bleed (23.5%) were the most common presentations. 76.7% of the patients had upper gastrointestinal lesions. Erosive gastritis (63.3%) was the most common lesion, 8.4% patients had duodenitis. Oesophagitis and gastric ulcer were seen in 2 and 1 patient, respectively. Only 14 patients (23.3%) had normal study. In the stomach, fundus (71%) and antrum (63.1%) were the most commonly involved sites. Conclusions: Mucosal involvement, especially of the gastrointestinal tract is very common among patients of hemotoxic snake envenomation and should be recognized and treated appropriately. To our knowledge, this is the first study of upper GI Endoscopic assessment of snake bite patient in the world. Further research is needed in this aspect of snake envenomation.


SCUBA-2 is a second generation, wide-field submillimetre camera under development for the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. With over 12,000 pixels, in two arrays, SCUBA-2 will map the submillimetre sky up to 1000 times faster than the current SCUBA instrument to the same signal-to-noise. Many areas of astronomy will benefit from such a highly sensitive survey instrument: from studies of galaxy formation and evolution in the early Universe to understanding star and planet formation in our own Galaxy. Due to be operational in 2006, SCUBA-2 will also act as a "pathfinder" for the new generation of submillimetre interferometers (such as ALMA) by performing large-area surveys to an unprecedented depth. The baseline design, projected telescope performance and scientific impact of SCUBA-2 are discussed in the paper.


A new series of complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) with three hydrazones ligands(L) derived from 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy acetophenone (Paeonol) and 4-methylbenzoylhydrazide (AMBH), acetyl hydrazine (AAH), or picolinoyl hydrazine (APH) with the general formula [M(L-H)2].nH2O (n= 0, 1, or 2) where L-H = deprotonated AMBH, AAH or APH, have been prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, spectral (FT-IR, UV–visible) as well as molar conductance and magnetic measurements. The data revealed that the ligands AMBH and AAH act as mono-negative ONO chelates coordinated through the carbonyl group and the phenoxy oxygen atoms and azomethine nitrogen atom, while APH acts as NNO chelate, coordinated through the pyridine and azomethine nitrogen atoms and the phenoxy oxygen atom. On the basis of electronic spectral and magnetic moment data, an octahedral geometry is suggested for all complexes. Also, the ligands and some of their complexes were screened for antibacterial activities.


This paper presents an algebraic language, called Time-AgLOTOS, to describe time-dependent behavior of intelligent agent for the design of Ambient Intelligence systems. This specification model provides a theoretical foundation for performing planning under timing constraints. Based on a true-concurrency semantics, a contextual model, called Spatio-Temporal Planning System STPS, is developed to capture all possible evolutions of an agent plan including context changes. The STPS provides formal description of possible actions to perform supporting timing constraints, action duration and spatial information. This structure offers new possibilities and strategies for taking agent real-time decisions in context-awareness manner.


Twinning of bismuth single crystals irradiated with 4-MeV electrons to doses of 1 × 10 16 to 1.1 × 10 17 cm -2 with a flux of 10 12 cm -2 s -1 was studied in some detail. The irradiation was shown to retard the propagation of twinning dislocations. This is explained on the assumption that the formation of point defects upon irradiation occurs through the Schottky mechanism. Upon heating, twin length decreases as a result of the development of plastic flow and increasing contribution of slip in plastic deformation


The emergence SARS-CoV-2 P.1 lineage has been coincidental with a rapid growth in hospitalization in the northern region of Brazil. An exponential growth of severe COVID-19 occurred in Rio Grande do Sul state, Southern Brazil in February-2021. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the previously undetected P.1 lineage accounted for 88.9% of specimens collected from patients at a referral COVID-19 hospital. These findings raise concerns regarding a possible association between lineage P.1 and rapid growth in cases and hospitalizations.


Iran has a very unique political system, the theoretical foundation of which is Khomeini's doctrine of Velayat-e Faqih or Regency of the Jurisprudent and its important constituent units include such unelected ones as the Supreme Leader, commanders of the Armed Forces, the Guardian Council, the Head of Judiciary, the Expediency Council and the elected ones like the President, the Parliament, the Expert Assembly. The functions, ways of forming and correlation of the units manifest the system's dominant feature of God's rights above people's rights. Iran's political system contains, at least formally, some obvious democratic elements, but when it is measured in terms of the four basic principles and the three pillars of the western democracy, the democratic nature of the system is quite limited.


The present invention is micro-engineered capacity, with one of the differential capacitor formed by the movable center electrode (E0) that can be deflected by at least one and at most two, a fixed electrode (E1, E2) and an external force property sensor a is associated with a method of operating the switch and equipment, the deflection of the electrode (E0) the thereby measured. The present invention provides a portion of the power is performed at the center electrode corresponding to the electrostatic restoring force is compensated. Affected by the closed loop operation of the sensor, a regulator (regulator) for selecting signal generating capacitive restoring force compensates for the recovery crosstalk signal (restore-crosstalk signal) in a manner to act in such a manner as to compensate for the deviation of the center electrode receive. The means for compensating the above-mentioned embodiments for efficiently utilizing the two embodiments and the control of the present invention is shown. A differential capacitor, the reset crosstalk, micro-engineered sensor


ABSTRACT: Using starch gel electrophoresis, ten isozyme loci were examined in nine populations of Euphorbiaebracteolata in Korea. Populations of E. ebracteolata tend to have higher within-population levels of geneticvariation (A = 2.2, P = 61.1, He = 0.165) along with low levels of genetic differentiation (F ST = 0.075) comparedto previously reported Euphorbia species. The relatively high genetic variation in E. ebracteolata may be due toits long-lived regional distribution and to the outcrossed nature of the species. Low levels of genetic differen-tiation and the absence of unique alleles in E. ebracteolata populations suggest that Korean populations divergedrecently. This study does not support the recognition of var. coreana and for. magna as separate taxa, and sug-gests that they should be combined with E. ebracteolata. Keywords: Euphorbia ebracteolata, genetic variation, Euphorbiaceae 적요: 한국산붉은대극 9집단에대해 전분전기영동법을 이용하여 10개의 동위효소 유전자 좌위를 조사하였다. 붉은대극 집단은 기존의 대극속 식물과 비교해 볼 때 상대적으로 높은 집단 내 유전적 변이(A =2.2,P = 61.1, H


Background: Herpes simplex labialis is a common skin condition caused by the herpes simplex virus. The prescription of antivirals for the treatment of herpes labialis is common. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the available evidence on the treatment of herpes simplex labialis with U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved topical antibiotics.

Methods: The literature search included searches of PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. This review included studies that examined herpes labialis lesions and treatment with topical acyclovir, penciclovir, or docosanol in at least one of the study arms.

Results: Of the 1,485 papers initially identified, 20 papers representing 19 randomised controlled trials and one quasi-randomised trial met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review.

Conclusion: Our systematic review of the clinical studies performed on the three topical antiherpetics, acyclovir, penciclovir, and docosanol, showed that their efficacy compared to placebo is marginal at best (shortening the duration of pain by <24 hours), although the three topical antiherpetic drugs have no serious adverse reactions and are safe to use.


Time is key to understanding climate change. In this paper, we explore ways of putting time in perspective to promote climate change awareness by leveraging temporal-spatial dimensions in VR. On this basis, we designed, tested, and developed a Virtual Reality(VR) game, Oblivion, to demonstrate its potential to visualise what is invisible, enabling users to see and feel the time on the climate clock. Building on existing work on VR data visualisation and serious game regarding climate change, this study investigates how to translate real-world data into an immersive experience of climate change. With our ongoing work, we aim to investigate the impact of immersive visualisation of climate data on the user's perception and understanding of climate change. The findings can contribute to discussing affordances and strategies for utilising VR as a persuasive medium to enhance climate change awareness.


Twenty-two isolates of Fusarium oxysporum, from Queensland's major tomato growing areas, were studied in glasshouse pathogenicity tests and assessed for vegetative compatibility. Isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici were identified to race using pathogenicity tests with 4 differential tomato cultivars: Grosse Lisse, Scorpio, moradade and Delta Tristar. The occurrence of race 3 in the Bundaberg district in 1988 was established. In glasshouse experiments, Fusarium wilt severity was influenced by inoculum concentration (1 x 106 v. 5 x 106 conidia/ml). Pathogenic and non-pathogenic isolates were distinguished by vegetative compatibility group analysis. However, all races were in a single vegetative compatibility group and could not be differentiated using this technique. Isolates collected from discoloured vascular tissue in the lower stems of plants with severe root rot (Pythium spp. associated), were non-pathogenic to tomato, bean and pea, although some isolates caused slight damage to cucumber. These isolates were distinctly different from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, the cause of root and crown rot.


We investigate the possibility of having someone carry out the work of executing a function for you, but without letting him learn anything about your input. Say Alice wants Bob to compute some known function f upon her input x, but wants to prevent Bob from learning anything about x. The situation arises for instance if client Alice has limited computational resources in comparison with mistrusted server Bob, or if x is an inherently mobile piece of data. Could there be a protocol whereby Bob is forced to compute ,f(x)blindly, i.e. without observing x? We provide such a blind computation protocol for the class of functions which admit an efficient procedure to generate random input–output pairs, e.g. factorization. The cheat-sensitive security achieved relies only upon quantum theory being true. The security analysis carried out assumes the eavesdropper performs individual attacks.


In this note, we propose to demonstrate geometrically that, under fixed exchange rate, an increase in the government expenditure is associated with an improvement (deterioration) in the balance of payment, if and only if the money market equilibrium curve is steeper (flatter) than the balance-of-payment equilibrium curve in a standard Keynesian open economy framework. Furthermore, it will be shown that if public expen diture is financed by money creation, then the home country's balance of payment may not im prove even if the money market equilibrium curve is steeper relative to the balance-of-payment equilibrium curve. That any government expenditure has to be financed either by taxation, issuance of bonds, or by creation of money was first emphasized by Modigliani [5], and further developed by Christ [1] [2]. This insight into the government financing operation can be best expressed by the government budget constraint, written as G = T + A(M/P) + A(Bg/P), where T is the tax revenue, A(M/P) is the change in the real money stock, and A(Bg/P) is the change in the real value of government bonds. For the sake of brevity, but without loss of generality, only the case of a money-financed government expenditure will be examined. The case of a tax or bond-financed public spending can be analogously considered by utilizing the same diagrammatic framework. However, a further relation of income, disposable income and taxa tion needs to be introduced for the case of a tax


Porphyrias constitute a heterogenous group of disorders resulting from specific enzyme defect in heme synthesis.1 Diagnostic screening with Woods lamp for demonstration of porphyrin-induced fluorescence in tissues/fluids especially teeth, nails and urine in darkroom setting is preferred before ordering logistically difficult and expensive confirmatory tests.However, Woods lamp may not be available in every practice.Evaluation with polarized dermoscopy can provide a logistically simpler alternative to Woods lamp examination in darkroom.


Disclosed are methods comprising: (a) first contacting at least a portion of a wastewater stream comprising one or more hydrophilic solutes and one or more crude-oil- associated hydrophobic solutes with an extractant comprising a bi-directional solvent at a first temperature (T1) within 40 DEG C of the solvent-water critical temperature to form a water- depleted first aqueous solution and a water-enriched first organic phase,(b) adjusting the temperature of said first organic phase to a second temperature (T2), to form a second organic phase and a second aqueous solution,wherein the absolute value of (T2 - T1) is at least 20,(c) separating at least a portion of said one or more crude-oil-associated hydrophobic solutes from said second organic phase,and (d) recycling bi-directional solvent from said second organic phase to said first contacting. Disclosed are also systems.


In this review, protein methylation is outlined in general terms, highlighting the major amino acids that are methylated and some of the proteins in which they are found. The majority of the review...


Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is twofold, first: to define the profile of adopters of labor-enhancing technologies (e.g. platforms) identifying factors – such as operations size, mix of fruits grown, apple operation location, principal operators socio-demographics – and second: to estimate the efficiency threshold for platform adoption during apple harvesting to be financially feasible considering future increases in farm labor wages. Design/methodology/approach - – The authors conducted a mixed-mode survey in January-February 2010. Data were analyzed using a bivariate probit model, considering that the decision to adopt platforms was related with the orchard planting system. The authors conducted simulation scenarios to estimate the efficiencies – harvest – platforms must achieve in order to be economically feasible. Findings - – In total, 11 percent of the 316 apple operations covered by the survey used platforms. Orchard operations most likely to invest in planar structures are relatively large, produce high-value varieties, use organic systems, and have relatively young and educated operators. Similarly, operations producing high-value fruit such as "Honeycrisp" and controlled or patented varieties and relatively large operations are more likely to invest in platforms. The results of the comparison of the cost of harvesting apples using platforms vs ladders under several production assumptions indicate that platforms must increase labor productivity by at least 13 percent in order to be adopted by the industry. Research limitations/implications - – This study caveat is the lack of inclusion of production and marketing uncertainties in the estimation of future apple harvest costs. Further research to deeper analyze these issues is needed. Practical implications - – The authors present information on the profile of mechanization adopters, so extension educators and engineers could concentrate efforts on them to increase adoption levels. In addition the authors provide a threshold of efficiencies for harvest platforms associated with cost savings compared to manual harvest. Social implications - – Enabling the adoption of mechanization technologies by specialty crop industries would decrease the dependence on labor, decreasing labor uncertainties and facilitating the production of high quality produce to satisfy the needs of consumers. Second, it will end an era of importing poverty, given that the specialty crop industry has long benefited from seasonal migrant workers. It will improve rural American communities to shorten pools of farm workers, giving them access to permanent jobs with higher salaries. Originality/value - – The contribution of this study is to improve understanding of the degree of mechanization, financial feasibility of current existing technologies, and barriers to greater mechanization by the Washington apple industry. Given the similar labor challenges faced, in general, by the US specialty crop agriculture, results could be applicable to the entire industry.


Head and neck tumors are among the most common malignancies [1]. In this anatomical region, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignant entity [1]. However, there are also other malignant tumors that, unlike SCC, originate in the salivary glands of the head and neck region, such as mucoepidermoid carcinoma or adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) [2]. In general, tumors originating from the minor salivary glands often show a higher degree of malignancy than tumors of the major salivary glands (parotid gland, submandibular gland, sublingual gland) [2]. Consequently, the ACC in particular is often localized in the area of the hard palate (small salivary glands). In rare cases, ACC has also been described in other regions of the head and neck region, such as the paranasal sinuses or the tongue [3, 4]. The clinical features of ACC in the head and neck region are often variable. Typically, a swelling of the respective facial region that progresses quickly or slowly, depending on the growth pattern, is often associated with diffuse pain [5]. Furthermore, signs of paralysis and reduced sensitivity in the facial region are possible due to the perineural and perivascular pattern of ACC spread [5]. Most ACC usually show a slow growth pattern with a histologically highly differentiated cell picture, but markedly infiltrative growth behavior [5]. Histologically, the ACC often does not show any increased mitotic rates, which leads in particular to a lack of sensitivity towards chemotherapeutic agents [6]. In advanced ACC, even conventional radiation therapy can sometimes only achieve limited improvement with regard to the long-term outcome of ACC given the low mitotic aspect [6]. Diagnostically, three-dimensional imaging such as computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging offer advantages with regard to tumor spread and the presence of metastases in the sense of tumor staging and provide important information in the context of therapy planning. Typically, ACC can show increased uptake of contrast medium agent with an infiltrative spread pattern in the respective anatomical region (Figure 1) [3].


Despite efforts on the part of institutions, professionals and social agents, the Roma population in Europe still lacks equal access to education. Difficulties in literacy development are at the root of this: Roma learners present lower literacy rates than non-Roma learners and learners in non-segregated schools, preventing them from transitioning to secondary education. This article presents the results of ethnographic research with a group of Roma primary learners in Southern Spain. The aim was to analyse the contexts, interactional spaces, contents and practices of learners' engagement with literacy in and outside the classroom. Data analysis was carried out using an adaptation of the continua model of biliteracy, useful for analysing literacy practices in contexts with different literacy cultures. Results show that communicative practices that challenged skills-based literacy models helped activate learners' literacy reservoirs, enhancing their literacy engagement and allowing them to renegotiate their position as Roma learners in a non-Roma institution and as text creators in the classroom. Conclusions point to the need to decolonise classroom practice by identifying learners' literacy reservoirs and ways to activate these, contributing to a more inclusive and sustainable model of literacy education consistent with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal for quality education.


Flyash does not contribute to properties of composites and hence there are severe limitations on its use as a filler. The paper reports determination and discussion on mechanical properties of SBR composites filled with flyash (treated and untreated). The flyash was treated with a silane coupling agent (TESPT) [Bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) 1 tetrasulphide. The treatment resulted in enhancement of mechanical properties of composites of the rubber. In this work, properties of composites filled with treated and untreated flyash (separately) are compared. The properties under consideration were tensile strength, modulus at 100 and 400 per cent elongation, and hardness. Tensile strength was improved by 20 per cent while modulus at 100 per cent was improved by 30 per cent. Similarly Young's modulus also was improved by 22 per cent.


An accession of eastern star clover (Trifolium dasyurum C. Presl.), a new species to agriculture, has been identified by the National Annual Pasture Legume Improvement Program for commercial release in Australia. This paper reports the findings of an experiment designed to assess the feeding value of eastern star clover compared with a commercial cultivar of subterranean clover (T. subterraneum L. cv. Dalkeith). The hypothesis tested in this experiment is that sheep grazing eastern star clover will have similar growth rates, condition scores, and wool production to sheep grazing subterranean clover. Additionally, it is hypothesised that the sheep grazing the different clover species will have similar health and meat quality. The relative feeding value of the 2 clover species was tested using 14-month-old Merino wethers, grazing 8 by 0.5 ha plots (4 of each species). Stocking rates were such that herbage mass availability would not have limited feed intake. Liveweight, wool growth, and animal health were monitored. After 10 weeks of grazing, 2 animals from each plot were slaughtered for sensory analysis of meat. Although there were generally no differences in liveweight change, condition, or wool growth between sheep grazing eastern star or subterranean clovers, sheep in the subterranean clover plots grew faster during the first month of grazing. There were no differences in meat eating quality (tenderness, juiciness, or flavour), animal health, or vegetable matter contamination of wool. The data suggest that the clovers had the same relative feeding value despite herbage mass from the eastern star clover plots having lower in vitro digestibility, crude protein, and higher fibre than herbage mass from the subterranean clover plots. Given that there was a minimum of 1000 kg/ha of herbage mass in the plots, it is likely that sheep gazing the two clovers were able to maintain the same weight by selecting the high quality components of the pasture. Differences in plant quality are associated with differences in reproductive strategies of the clovers.


Abstract In 1979, peak spawning of white suckers Catostomus commersoni occurred on April 20–21 (9–15 C and 17–22 C) at night over fast riffle in a tributary of Jack Lake. Eggs hatched in 16 days and drift occurred in 27–29 days; maximum drift occurred between 2100 and 0100 hours. An estimated 11,800 postlarvae drifted to the nursery, a new boat channel and marina area in Jack Lake. Postlarva phase 1 (terminal mouth, 15–17 mm total length, TL) and phase 2 (subterminal mouth, 18–34 mm TL) were spent in the nursery. At 28 C (midsummer), phase-3 fish (35–84 mm TL) moved out to the lake shores near the nursery, and later dispersed into the lake basin. Growth of white suckers was slower in phase 1 than in phase 2, and diets differed slightly between these intervals. Phase-3 fish did not grow significantly faster than phase-2 fish in spite of their more diverse diet. The cooler lake habitat may account for a lack of surge in the growth rate of phase-3 fish, or diversity of food may be an indication of food scarc...


Coral Gables is lauded as one of America's finest early twentieth century planned developments, or as one early traveler called it, the "Queen of Suburbs," in comparison to the "Magic City" of Miami. The vision of George Merrick, the city's founder and master builder, was to create a completely planned development, the "Riviera of the Tropics," with a "Spanish type of architecture" later redefined as Mediterranean. His company, the Coral Gables Corporation, began development in 1921. Merrick, to realize his dream city that had the highest standard of aesthetic quality, assembled a development team consisting of architects, a landscape planner, an artistic adviser, a real estate officer, and engineers. In 1923, he added Phineas Paist to the development team as supervisor of color. By 1925, growth was rapid enough that the city was incorporated 5


Anesthesia services for endoscopic procedures have proliferated with the promise of increased comfort and safety. Cirrhosis patients are higher risk for sedation, yet limited data are available describing anesthesia complications in this population.


This is a study of 282 placentas from full-term pregnancies and normal deliveries. It lists anatomical data and histological findings that define the placental maturation.
The analysis of 146 placentas from pregnancies with a duration of more than 20 weeks with diverse pathology is included, where special reference is made to the anatomical and histological findings as related to the clinical picture of the gestant.


We consider a particular class of ad-hoc sensor networks, in which information must be exchanged among nodes in order the value at each node to converge to the average of the sensed quantity. Several algorithms have been proposed to accomplish this task, based on the gossip principle. Gossip is an epidemic protocol, in which nodes iteratively contact one or more neighbors in order to spread their own information throughout the network. Such algorithms have been already investigated from the theoretical viewpoint, but scarcely assessed in practical scenarios. We consider the model of a real network, with the position of each node chosen at random on a two-dimensional map, and apply different kinds of averaging algorithms in such practical case. We assess their performance through numerical simulations, and compare them in terms of convergence speed and complexity.


A computer program (Program SPHERE) solving the inhomogeneous equation of heat conduction with radiation boundary condition on a thermally homogeneous sphere is described. The source terms are taken to be exponential functions of the time. Thermal properties are independent of temperature. The solutions are appropriate to studying certain classes of planetary thermal history. Special application to the moon is discussed.


This research aims to develop a Biology Science learning unit based on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) that is valid, practical and effective in accessing students' system thinking skills. The topic ,of the Biology Science learning unit is the water cycle. The development used the ADDIE model research and development for the research method. The research subjects were 32 grade VII students from State Junior High School in Jember. The research findings showed that the average validation result of STEM-based learning units was 95.3%. These can be considered valid. The Paired Sample Test result is 0.001 or less than 0.05, so there is a significant difference between the pretest and post-test results. The average effectiveness test score is 0.73, higher than the typical gain test score, and the results include the high criteria. Finally, the average percentage of practicality tests is in the high category of 89%.  System thinking skills are needed in learning activities to describe and solve a problem using integrated STEM education. Therefore, the STEM-based learning unit on the water cycle topic could be applied in the learning process to acquire students' system thinking abilities in the Biology Science learning unit. Finally, assessing student responses during the learning using this learning unit is pivotal for future research.


Abstract Background Water bugs in general play an important role in freshwater ecosystems, and knowledge about them is essential for the study of water biology and the proper management of aquatic habitats. The Neotropical fauna is relatively well known, but the existence of large under-collected areas makes taxonomic and faunistic studies concerning the aquatic and semiaquatic bugs from tropical America urgent. New information Distributional information is presented for thirty-eight species of Gerromorpha and five Nepomorpha, including first records from the Brazilian states of Bahia (Mesovelia amoena), Ceará (Limnogonus profugus and Rhagovelia whitei), Espírito Santo (R. lucida), Goiás (Halobatopsis platensis and R. zela), Mato Grosso (Rheumatobates bonariensis), Pará (Nerthra terrestris), Paraná (H. spiniventris, Hydrometra fruhstorferi and R. janeira), Piauí (Microvelia ayacuchana, M. pulchella, Neogerris lubricus and Platyvelia brachialis), Rio de Janeiro (Martarega bentoi) and São Paulo (Rheumatobates minutus flavidus); and the Peruvian region of Madre de Dios (Rhagovelia fontanalis).


The authors have developed a simple, but very effective and versatile, dry contact transfer technique for controlled preparation of three-dimensional (3D) perpendicularly aligned carbon nanotube micropatterns with region-specific tube lengths. The 3D micropatterned aligned carbon nanotubes were demonstrated to show a stepwise electron emission behavior, providing an effective means for developing multifunctional electron emitters with tailor-made field emission characteristics.


With the research of J2ME and J2EE technology,a whole framework of mobile information inquiry system is designed,and this framework model is applied to mobile inquiry system of student scores successfully.The stability and the flexibility of this system shows the framework model mentioned is feasible and practical.


When fluids flow into the pipes, the materials in them cause deposits to form inside the pipes over time, which is a threat to the efficiency of the equipment and their depreciation. In the present study, a method for detecting the volume percentage of two-phase flow by considering the presence of scale inside the test pipe is presented using artificial intelligence networks. The method is non-invasive and works in such a way that the detector located on one side of the pipe absorbs the photons that have passed through the other side of the pipe. These photons are emitted to the pipe by a dual source of the isotopes barium-133 and cesium-137. The Monte Carlo N Particle Code (MCNP) simulates the structure, and wavelet features are extracted from the data recorded by the detector. These features are considered Group methods of data handling (GMDH) inputs. A neural network is trained to determine the volume percentage with high accuracy independent of the thickness of the scale in the pipe. In this research, to implement a precise system for working in operating conditions, different conditions, including different flow regimes and different scale thickness values as well as different volume percentages, are simulated. The proposed system is able to determine the volume percentages with high accuracy, regardless of the type of flow regime and the amount of scale inside the pipe. The use of feature extraction techniques in the implementation of the proposed detection system not only reduces the number of detectors, reduces costs, and simplifies the system but also increases the accuracy to a good extent.


When Peter Smith headed north for a sea change, he could not have predicted life would turn out the way it has.


In this work, we describe the magnetization of nanosized SFMO particles with a narrow size distribution around ca. 70 nm fabricated by the citrate-gel technique. The single-phase composition and superstructure ordering degree were proved by X-ray diffraction, the superparamagnetic behavior by magnetization measurements using zero-field cooled and field-cooled protocols, as well as by electron magnetic resonance. Different contributions to the magnetic anisotropy constant and the temperature dependence of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy are discussed.


In the Tota stream (Colombia, South America) for three periods of fifteen consecutive days the hydrological, physical and chemical variables were studied, as well as their effects on the composition and density of periphytic algal communities on artificial substrates. The predominant species were Cocconeis placentula, Melosira varians, Nitzschia sp2, and Fragilaria cf capucina, with daily changes in density during the three periods. A Canonical Correspondence Analysis and variance partitioning showed that the main variable causing these changes was the current velocity (20.6 %), followed by total nitrogen (20.6 %) and pH (14.7 %). In general, moderately high current velocities values promoted lower algal densities, the community remained in the first succession stages, and diversity was maintained. Under lower current velocities, total abundance was high and the detachment of the algal film occurs, with the resulting start of a new succession process.


objective: it is mainly to discuss and analyze the usage of antibacterial in patients of gynecology and obstetrics surgery . Methods: selected 240 cases of gynecology and obstetrics surgery patients in our hospital from January 2015 to January 2016 as the research object, and to summarize and analyze the application of antibiotics . Results: in 240 cases of surgical treatment of patients,150 patients with the treatment of antibacterial drugs , the proportion occupies 62.5%, and the application of drugs is mainly based on preventive medicine,among150 cases of patients with antibacterial drug use, 130 patients with preventive medicine , 86.7% of the total percentage. And for the medicine pattern mainly has alone and combination mode. Conclusion: for hospital obstetrics and gynecology operation, twe need to strengthen the management control of surgical patients with antibiotics , to scientific and rational use antibacterial drugs and to fully ensure the safety of surgery patients.


Numerous evaluations show that community health worker (CHW) programs yield success. While not originally used in the United States, CHW program achievements have deservedly garnered the attention of many for their ability to impact various costly and often preventable diseases/issues, while mobilizing a non-clinical lay workforce to deliver the interventions, thus illustrating their public health relevance. This paper aims to provide an overview of CHW program outcomes, challenges with incorporating utilization of CHW programs into health systems, and options for funding mechanisms for CHW programs.


The rapid rise of cryptocurrencies over the last twenty years has interjected havoc into the staid field of commercial law, one long regulated by the Uniform Commercial Code ("U.C.C." or "UCC"). Naturally, many individuals and organizations started to count their stash of cryptocurrencies as valuable, albeit intangible, assets, and a growing number of lenders responded by forsaking their initial reluctance to accept cryptocurrency as collateral. As a result, the U.C.C.'s ninth article, which generally governs secured transactions where security interests are taken in personal property, has been forced to try and make sense of the collaterization of cryptocurrencies. After all, if the law of secured transactions can no longer provide lenders with assurance of legal relief in case of default by a borrower, Article 9's purpose will be defeated by the digital age's latest disruptive innovation. This article surveys this law, providing a precis of emerging complications and debates.


Objective. The goal of this study was to explore the relationship between acute psychological reactions and cognition as well as postconcussive symptoms in patients with MTBI. Research Methods. Sociodemographic and medical history data were gathered for 59 patients diagnosed with MTBI. Validated and standardized tools were used to assess anxiety, depression, and cognitive function two weeks after trauma. Postconcussive symptoms were assessed with the Rivermead postconcussive questionnaire. Results. Despite the absence of significant neuropsychological deficits, a very high level of anxiety and depression was observed in our cohort. Level of anxiety and depression were positively related to cognitive performances and to postconcussive symptoms. Moreover, patients with preexisting alcohol and psychological problems were more likely to present with acute depression after MTBI. Conclusions. Early psychological rehabilitation should be provided to decrease the intensity and frequency of postconcussive symptoms and diminish the risk of these problems becoming chronic.


Abstract The Portland Gate development is a new facility housing the School of Business and Law at Leeds Metropolitan University. A key feature of the building is the landmark steel-framed 'Rosebowl'. This freestanding structure lies partially within the main atrium space and houses seven lecture theatres. The 25 m tall Rosebowl is supported on bespoke double storey Y-columns, each weighing between 3 and 5 t. These triangular tapered profile sections provide horizontal stability and vertical support to the diagrid structure above. This paper follows this unique structure through the design, fabrication and erection process. This includes a review of the global buckling assessment of the Rosebowl and the detailing and fabrication of the architecturally exposed sway elements.


The many recent cyber incidents have shown how cybersecurity has entered the realm of international relations. Several international organizations have taken cybersecurity policy initiatives, notably the United Nations (UN) and the European Union (EU). Both organizations aspire to a leading role in enhancing cybersecurity resilience. To date, however, these initiatives have not resulted in much regulation. This article examines which factors make lawmaking and the regulation of cybersecurity difficult at the international level, and whether some of these impediments are shared at the EU legislative level. Are difficulties in regulating cybersecurity embedded in the normative processes at the UN or the EU, or are they inherent to the high-tech phenomenon of cyber? As for the UN, the article looks at the work of the UN Group of Governmental Experts (GGE). While previous reports of the UN GGE seemed to point to an emerging international opinio juris, recent developments in the UN General Assembly (UNGA) show a strongly divided international community. At the EU level, the article discusses the two main legislative initiatives on cybersecurity that have seen the light of day: the 2016 Directive on Network and Information Security and the 2019 Regulation on the EU Cybersecurity Act.


The haemodynamic dose-response effects of propranolol, practolol, oxprenolol and metoprolol were compared in a randomized single-blind study in 24 patients with stable coronary heart disease. The doses of drugs used gave approximately equal degrees of inhibition of exercise tachycardia. The haemodynamic profile in the control period was stable and similar in each group.

All four drugs consistently reduced heart rate and cardiac output and increased pulmonary wedge pressure, but the changes were significantly greater after propranolol and metoprolol than after practolol and oxprenolol. There was no significant difference between the effects of the four drugs on calculated stroke volume. The increase in the calculated systemic vascular resistance was similar after all four drugs.

These observations indicate that when administered intravenously to patients with coronary heart disease in equivalent negative chronotropic doses, drugs with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (e.g. practolol and oxprenolol) resulted in less depression of left ventricular pumping function than drugs without this property. The possession of cardioselectivity (e.g. practolol and metoprolol) did not appear to confer any haemodynamic benefit.


Pt-based materials are the state-of-the-art catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), but their high cost and scarcity remain the major obstacles for large-scale applications in renewable energy industries. To produce efficient ORR catalysts with low Pt content, PtNi porous films (PFs) with sufficiently exposed Pt active sites were rationally designed through a programmable approach combining electrochemical bottom-up (electrodeposition) and top-down (anodization) processes. The unique dynamic oxygen-bubble template (DOBT) programmably controlled by square-wave potential was utilized to tune the catalyst morphology and expose Pt active facets in PtNi PFs. The surface-bounded species such as hydroxyl anions (OH*, * represents surface site) on the exposed PtNi PFs surfaces were adjusted by the applied anodic voltage, further affecting the dynamic oxygen (O2) bubbles adsorption on Pt. As a result, PtNi PF with enriched Pt (111) facets (denoted as Pt3.5%Ni PF) was obtained, showing prominent ORR activity with an onset potential of 0.92 V (vs. RHE) at an ultra-low Pt loading (0.015 mg cm-2). The adsorbed OHads coverage estimation shows fewer OHads on Pt3.5%Ni PF than other PtNi PFs, indicating that enriched Pt (111) facets in the catalysts enable facilitated O2 adsorption for oxygen reduction and thus leading to superior ORR activity.


Recently, Industry 4.0 (next generation industrial revolution) designed by Germany to retain initiative in manufacturing business is actively studied. Goal of Industry 4.0 is 'Smart factory' which manages progress of production, supply logistics and services. To achieve the goal, we can construct value creation and new business model by integrating organically with production management systems which is existing and cyber-physical systems, Internet of Things, Services Internet and sensor, etc. However, if integration with production management systems does not work effectively by adding and developing new technologies, It does not have performance. Hence, in this research, we will analysis Industry 4.0 which is possible for small quantity batch production and one of the light and flexible manufacturing systems, and based on this, we will suggest methodology to horizontally integrate with production management systems.


Design procedures for minimum weight statically determinate beams are developed using deflection criterion; optimum flange width and web thickness variations are given for I-beams designed with respect to bending and shear deflection; stiffness and strength properties.


A few months ago, my boyfriend and I went to get the "morning after pill." I had two extra pills in case I vomited the ones I took. Stupidly, I kept them and recently, my mom found them. She has not confronted me about them yet but I'm freaked out!! My parents are pretty conservative, so I can't possibly tell them "Oh mom! I had sex behind your back and the condom broke!" They'd flip out! What should I tell them?


Objective:To investigate the effects of oxaliplatin on the proliferation and apoptosis of human small cell lung cancer NCI-H446 cells and to study its mechanism.Methods:NCI-H446 cells were treated with different concentrations of oxaliplatin.The inhibition of NCI-H446 cells proliferation was estimated by MTT assay;Morphologic changes were observed using Hoechst33258;alteration of cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed using flow cytometry;The activities of caspase-3,caspase-8 and caspase-9 were determined by spectrophotometry.Results:Oxaliplatin could inhibit the proliferation of NCI-H446 cells and the inhibition depended on the exposure time and dose.Marked morphological change of cell apoptosis was observed by Hoechst33258 staining;The analysis of cell cycle indicated that oxaliplatin blocked cells at S phase and sub-G1 cell peak.The activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were upregulated in the experimental group compared with the control group(P0.05).On the other hand,the activity of caspase-8 was not significantly different between the experimental group and the control group(P0.05).Conclusion:Oxaliplatin can effectively induce NCI-H446 cell apoptosis by activating the intrinsic apoptosis pathway.


Pixel detectors have originally been developed for particle physics applications. This chapter describes why this kind of detector was needed and why it could be realized only recently. The evolution of pixel detectors is described in some detail with examples of applications in experiments. 1.1 Generalities on Pixel Detectors The notion of pixel (short for "picture element") has been introduced in image processing to describe the smallest discernable element in a given process or device. A pixel detector is therefore a device able to detect an image and the size of the pixel corresponds to the granularity of the image. The omnipresent digital cameras are a typical example of pixel detectors. In this case, photons of different energies are integrated in the sensing elements (pixel) during a short exposure time and generate an intensity distribution which is the image. In depth description and discussion of all the variety of pixel detectors and the diversity of their underlying techniques would be beyond the scope of this book. This book will deal only with the pixel detectors which are fast (i.e. able to take millions of pictures per second) and able to detect high-energy particles and electromagnetic radiation. Charged coupled devices will not be discussed in this book; the interested reader is referred to [1,2]. In particular, detectors are discussed where the image is generated in a semiconductor and is processed electronically and where data are readout in parallel. The basic building block of such a pixel detector is sketched in Fig. 1.1, which shows how a small-volume sensor (≈5× 10−3 mm) is individually connected to its own electronics. This is the so-called hybrid pixel detector (hybrid because electronics and sensors are fabricated separately and then mated) and will be the main subject of this book. Planar integration technology allows one to put together several thousands of those building blocks in a matrix covering few square centimeters. Matrices can then be put together to cover larger surfaces. The images (or patterns) considered in this book are not generated by visible light, but by relativistic charged particles or photons in the kiloelectronvolt to megaelectronvolt energy range. The charges generated by ionizing radiation are transformed into images through dedicated electronics circuits.


The two main characteristics of small-world networks are strong local clustering, and small diameter. These two characteristics are desirable properties in communication networks since typical communication patterns show large amounts of local communication and a small amount of non-local communication that must be completed quickly. In this paper, we study variants of broadcasting that resemble the spread of computer viruses in networks. We also study the related problem of stopping an epidemic.


In this paper I explore how adjudicators in the Canadian refugee determination system assess sexual orientation refugee claims. By focusing on discourse and terminology of questions utilized in the hearing (in which the refugee claimant answers questions posed by the Immigration and Refugee Board (IRB) Member), I will outline how these questions contain predetermined social knowledge and thus operate as a cultural formation through which particular arrangements of sexual and gendered practices and identities are privileged. However, documents and interviews with IRB staff reveal the presence of a 'gut feeling' or 'sixth-sense' in determining the credibility of a claimant's sexual orientation. While some may argue that these feelings represent a level of sensitivity that humanizes the decision making process, I argue that they reveal adjudicators' application of their own understandings and feelings about 'authentic' sexual identities and relationships derived from specific cultural, gendered, raced and classed experiences, which, in effect, re-inscribe a homonormative mode of gatekeeping that may have profound consequences for a claimant whose narrative and/or performance fails to stir the appropriate senses.


A case of pemphigus vulgaris with oral and esophageal involvement in a 41-yearold man is reported. Although there were no skin lesions, the patient had intractable ulcers in the oral cavity. Pemphigus vulgaris was suspected on histopathological examination of a biopsy specimen taken from a bulla of the left side of the maxillary gingiva. Direct immunofluorescence studies showed deposits of IgG and C 3 in the intercellular spaces of the epithelium. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, performed because the patient had mild odynophagia, revealed an esophageal ulcer. The histopathological diagnosis was pemphigus vulgaris. Intercellular deposits of IgG and C 3 in the esophageal mucosa were detected by direct immunofluorescence studies. The results of indirect immunofluorescence studies were negative. Of 15 cases of pemphigus vulgaris with esophageal involvement reported in Japan, 4 were in men and 11 were in women; the average age of the patients was 48 years. When esophageal lesions were diagnosed, oral lesions were present in all patients, although skin lesions were found in only 3 patients.


To increase the anti-oxidation capability of Ni for the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) is considered important and challenging for the alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells (APEFCs). Herein, we report a series of Ni-core carbon-shell (Ni@C) catalysts obtained by a vacuum pyrolysis method treated at different temperatures. According to the cyclic voltammetry tests and the HOR tests, Ni@C treated at 500oC exhibits a much higher Ni core utilization and the better catalytic activity toward HOR than the commonly used Ni/C catalyst. Further XPS characterization shows that a higher percentage of Ni0 appears at the surface of the Ni core of Ni@C than Ni/C catalyst. The accelerated durability tests (ADTs), as well as the chronoamperometry tests, suggest that the anti-oxidation capability of Ni has been obviously improved by the carbon shells. The Raman spectra shows that the graphitization degree of the carbon shells might be the key factor affecting the Ni utilization and the HOR catalytic activity of the Ni@C catalysts. The alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cell (APEFC) achieves a peak power density of 160 mW/cm2 by using Ni@C-500oC as the anode, which could also stably discharge for 120 h at 200 mA/cm2 0.7 V.


Twenty-nine children with meningitis caused by H. influenzae, type b were studied for their hemagglutinating and bactericidal antibody responses. No antibody rises were observed in 22 (76 per cent), of whom 21 were under 2 years of age. Among 7 patients with fourfold or greater antibody titer increases, 6 were over 2 years of age. The mean age for antibody responders was 54 months while for nonresponders it was 11 months (p ~ 0.001). Among 7 children with no antibody responses during hospitalization, none had either hemagglutinating or bactericidal antibodies 6 to 23 months later.


Retinoblastoma is a primary malignant neoplasm of the retina that arises from immature retinal cells which affects infants and children and it is the most common primary tumor of the eye in children. Retinoblastoma detected on time can lead the child to see and moreover can save his life. Retinoblastoma in later stages can endanger life. It becomes essential to know most about this life threating as well as sight threating condition. Let these children live and enjoy the color of life.


Shannon entropy is the most popular method for quantifying information in a system. However, Shannon entropy is considered incapable of quantifying spatial data, such as raster data, hence it has not been applied to such datasets. Recently, a method for calculating the Boltzmann entropy of numerical raster data was proposed, but it is not efficient as it involves a series of numerical processes. We aimed to improve the computational efficiency of this method by borrowing the idea of head and tail breaks. This paper relaxed the condition of head and tail breaks and classified data with a heavy-tailed distribution. The average of the data values in a given class was regarded as its representative value, and this was substituted into a linear function to obtain the full expression of the relationship between classification level and Boltzmann entropy. The function was used to estimate the absolute Boltzmann entropy of the data. Our experimental results show that the proposed method is both practical and efficient; computation time was reduced to about 1% of the original method when dealing with eight 600 × 600 pixel digital elevation models.


Resonator fiber optic gyro( R-FOG) is a niche in the high-precision optical Sagnac effect of inertial sensors to detect rotation. In the R-FOG system,the processing of the gyro signal occupies a very important position. According to R-FOG system,the ring resonator fiber optic line width of up to several tens of MHz,and R-FOG output signal having a weak signal,the noise characteristics of the large. This paper presented a method for extracting weak signals were noise drowned dual phase lock-in amplifier,the advantage is that no phase adjustment. Based on the dual-phase lock-in amplifier for each of the specific portion of the circuit design and analysis,it tested the completion of the overall performance of the circuit. Test results show that the development of the lock-in amplifier when the carrier frequency is 900 k Hz,the whole circuit is applied to R-FOG system,the demodulated signal to good effect,can be locked to achieve the requirements.


The appellate courts for the D.C. Circuit and the Fourth Circuit issued conflicting decisions on July 22 regarding the availability of the Sec. 36B premium tax credit for taxpayers who purchase health insurance on exchanges set up by the federal government. Two judges of a three-judge panel of the D.C. Circuit held that the Treasury regulation permitting taxpayers to get premium tax credits under Sec. 36B for health insurance purchased on health insurance exchanges established by the federal government is invalid (Halbig v. Burwell, No. 14-5018 (D.C. Cir. 7/22/04)). A few hours later, the Fourth Circuit unanimously upheld the same regulation in King v. Burwell, No. 14-1158 (4th Cir. 7/22/14). Facts: In both cases, plaintiffs were individuals or employers in a state or states that did not establish health care insurance exchanges under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), PL. 111-148. They claimed the IRS violated the Administrative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. [section][section] 551-706) by promulgating regulations allowing premium tax credits for insurance purchased on federal exchanges. In Halbig, the District Court for the District of Columbia held in January that the PPACA's text, structure, purpose, and legislative history made clear Congress's intent to make the credits available through both state-operated and federally operated exchanges, and that even if the statute was ambiguous, the IRS's interpretation was a valid interpretation of the statute entitled to deference under the second step of the Chevron analysis (Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Res. Def. Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837 (1984)). The plaintiffs appealed to the D.C. Circuit. [GRAPHIC OMITTED] In King, residents of Virginia, which did not establish an exchange, argued that they would incur some financial cost because they would be forced to purchase insurance or incur the "individual mandate" penalty under Sec. 5000A for failing to do so. The District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, like the trial court in Halbig, held the regulation to be consistent with Congress's intent and granted the government's motion to dismiss. The plaintiffs appealed to the Fourth Circuit. Issues: Sec. 36B(b)(2) allows the premium tax credit for coverage of a taxpayer and spouse and dependents enrolled through an exchange "established by the state." Regs. Sec. 1.36B-2(a)(1) allows the credit for applicable taxpayers enrolled in a qualified health plan "through an exchange." "Exchange" is defined under Regs. Sec. 1.36B-1(k) by reference to U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) regulation 45 C.F.R. Section 155.20, which in turn defines it as including an exchange established and operated by the federal government through HHS. Both courts, as had the district courts, used a Chevron analysis to determine whether the regulation was valid. Holdings: The D.C. Circuit, after analyzing Sec. 36B and the statutory scheme of the PPACA as a whole, held that the regulation was invalid, finding that the language of Sec. …


According Bereshit (Genesis), Adam (Adan) was the first man and he was made of red soil (adama), and from it he was nurtured and threshing floor were built to plant and livestock fence, housing for family and altars to thank; Adam, accompanied by Hava (Eva) woven fabrics to cover their bodies and their descendants, by the line of Tubal Cain, they melted metals and produced musical instruments.


In food manufacturing companies frying oil is heated for extended hours for production of the deep-fried foods so that properties of the oil itself and of oil contained in the foods are often inferior to those in home deep-frying. This paper describes the mechanism of browning in frying oil, effects of deteriorated oil on health, a method for reclaiming as industrial oil, the oil recovered from food manufacturing companies after use, and possibility of antioxidation during frying, then proposed to shorten the heating time for one batch of frying oil at food manufacturing companies from the viewpoint of food chain and environmental preservation.


Describes induction heating power supply applying in injection molding machine for heating.An electromagnetic induction heating power supply by half-bridge series resonant inverter topology was designed.The testing on an iron cylinder which the inside diameter is 40mm and the outside diameter is 100mm.Found out the relationship between the output power and resonant capacitance and resonant inductance.A power prototype was fabricated and the experimental results show that the system works efficiently,which is very promising for further research.


To clarify the lipid's effects on diagnosis and treatment of diseases and to enhance the ability to predict the disease risks in advance,lipidomics focuses on the structures and functions of lipids and their metabolites. Common analytical methods include direct mass spectrometers( shotgun lipidomics) or chromatography- mass spectrometers and nuclear magnetic resonance. Lipidomics plays an important role in early diagnosis of disease,biomarker discoveries,new drug development and system study. This article reviewed the applications of lipidomics in biomarkers discovery and the technical approaches in lipidome analysis.


Symbolism of Cosmogony and Derivation In the Works of Cengiz Aytmatov Mythology and whose supporting samples of fables, folk tales, epics and legends are the best literary examples that reverberate a nation's past, history and experiences throughout the next generations. Kyrgyz writer Cengiz Aytmatov is one of such skillful authors using that folkloric material. In this article, how Cengiz Aytmatov has used mythological elements by symbolizing them in his telling of the pains and sufferings of the Turkish peoples caused by their suppression by the Soviet


In the present paper an empirical analysis will point out that regarding primary and secondary education, countries with a higher level of income per head enjoy a better education quality. The sample covers all world. Data are taken from World Bank. The elaboration of these panel data is made feasible by means of the Eviews software package.


Self-directed behavior (ninth edition), by David Watson and Roland Tharp, helps individuals modify their behavior by learning the skills of self-regulation (Watson & Tharp, 2007). The book's purpose is to facilitate self-regulation skill development by guiding the reader through the process of a personal behavior-change project (Watson & Tharp, 2007). The book can be used as a psychology textbook, as a resource for individuals who are not in a structured course, or by clients of therapists to supplement the support they are receiving in treatment (Watson & Tharp, 2007). I will provide a balanced critique of the book which includes information on the following topics: the book structure, the key concepts, the book's strengths, the areas for improvement, and a conclusive statement recommending the resource.


In the title molecule, [Fe(C5H5)(C21H19N2)], the five-membered imidazole ring forms dihedral angles of 88.61 (8) and 42.15 (6)° with the substituted cyclopentadienyl and dimethyl-substituted benzene rings, respectively. In the crystal structure, there is an Nsp2...H contact and a modest C-H...[pi](arene) interaction involving the benzene ring of the benzimidizole system.


Trouble Ticketing System (TTS) is a mechanism that madean organization as a form of awareness of the partner organization, the TTS is a real form of Customer Relationship Management or CRM. TTS is the development of a complaints handling system that had been shaped by the conventional paper media, electronic switch in the form of an Internet-based media website. ISO10002:2004deals withthe complaintshandlingsystem , has two main objectives, namely tohandlecomplaintsproperlyso thatit givessatisfactionboth internallyand externally, the complaintis handledcanmakeaperformance improvementservices.With theimplementation of theISO10002: 2004onTTSwillincrease the level ofresponsibilityinthe handling ofcomplaints, becausetheISO10002: 2004allmechanismsanddevices inhandlingcomplaintsproperly managed.


A study about blood flow behaviour numerically and mathematically becomes invaluable tool in interpreting and analyzing the circulatory system. In this study, a mathematical model of fluid flow and mass transfer past through a stenoses artery is developed. The blood behaves as non-Newtonian fluid. The blood flow is considered to be unsteady, nonlinear, axisymmetric, two-dimensional and fully developed which is described by micropolar fluid. Meanwhile, the arterial wall is considered to be rigid. The geometry of stenosis is given by cosine-shaped plotted using MATLAB programme based on existing coding. The governing equations of the problem consist of continuity equation, momentum equation and convection-diffusion equation that govern mass transport to flow are formulated in cylindrical coordinate system. Then, all of the governing equations are written in dimensionless form by using dimensionless quantities in order to avoid difficulties. A radial coordinate transformation of the governing equation together with the set of initial and boundary are also needed in order to avoid interpolation error during discretization. A numerical technique has been performed in this study. Finite difference method in staggered grid known as Marker and Cell (MAC) method aid by existing MATLAB programme has been selected to solve all the governing equations involced. Successive over relaxive (SOR) method is also proposed in handling the poisson equation for pressure. Finally, two stability restriction which optimized the time step size at each calculation play an important role to limit the numerical computational. As a result, the value of wall shear stress and separation zone for micropolar fluid are lower than Newtonian fluid due to the presence of rotational viscosity. The values of wall shear stress and velocity were highest at around of critical stenotic region. While, the mass concentration were decrease and converge to zero at the arterial wall as the both wall shear stress and axial velocity decrease.


Cocaine is an illicit drug commonly found by law enforcement in seizures around the world. This paper describes a rare case of cocaine trafficking in asphaltic material, possibly in the form of cocaine hydrochloride. The material was found and seized in barrels during an operation conducted by the Brazilian Federal Police. The sample was initially extracted and resulted negative for cocaine via Scott's Test, but further screening by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) confirmed the presence of cocaine. Afterwards, samples were subjected to quantitative GC-MS analysis. The concentrations of cocaine ranged from 0.11 to 1.53 ng/10 mg in the extracts of precipitate material found in the barrels. Considering that extraction efficiency was around 57.44%, it is estimated that 1.07 – 15.34% of barrel's sediment weight was constituted by cocaine.


Epoxy matrix systems combining high toughness with rheological behaviour appropriate for liquid composite moulding are developed in this work. The neat resin and carbon laminate properties of a var ...


The aims of this thesis are to examine the fire regimes, fuel characteristics, fire
behaviour and fire management of Tasmanian buttongrass moorlands. Major
changes have occurred to the fire regime of southwest Tasmania over the past
170 years. The fire regime has changed from an Aboriginal regime of mostly
frequent low intensity buttongrass moorland fires to the early European fire
regime of frequent high intensity fires in all vegetation types, to a regime of low
to medium intensity buttongrass moorland fires and finally to the current regime
of very few fires. Buttongrass moorland fuel accumulation rates in western and
southwestern Tasmania can be divided into two productivity groups, based on
geological type. Within each productivity group, the vegetation cover and/or the
time since the last fire can be used to model fuel load and the dead fuel load. Dead
fuel moistures in buttongrass moorlands can be predicted from the relative
humidity and dew point temperature. The main influences on buttongrass
moorland rates of fire spread are wind speed, dead fuel moisture and age. Flame
height in these moorlands is highly correlated with the fuel consumption rate,
which in turn is controlled by the rate of fire spread, fuel load and dead fuel
moisture. Operational fire behaviour models have been developed which use the
wind speed, temperature, relative humidity, age and site productivity to predict
the fire spread rate and flame height. The prescriptions for burning buttongrass
moorlands have also been refined. Wildland fire management is a major problem
in western and southwestern Tasmania. This is mainly due to the extensive area
of fire-adapted and fire-dependent vegetation, the small area burnt by natural
fires, the high incidence of arson in some areas and across much of the region,
the old-growth nature of the buttongrass moorland vegetation. If we are going to
preserve the ecological values of the region whilst minimising the economic and
social costs of management, we are going to have to reintroduce fire into the
region. Such reintroductions of fire will need to be performed in a highly
sophisticated manner in order to maximise the potential that they will achieve the
desired outcomes.


1 Rodrı́guez I, Rodicio MR, Herrera-León S et al. Class 1 integrons in multidrug-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica isolated in Spain between 2002 and 2004. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2008; 32: 158–64. 2 Llanes C, Kirchgesner V, Plesiat P. Propagation of TEMand PSE-type b-lactamases among amoxicillin-resistant Salmonella spp. isolated in France. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43: 2430–6.


Hanan Alexander presents the reader with a dazzling array of nonsequiturs and false assumptions upon which to build a case against what he regards as two well-intentioned but misguided positions concerning the nature of liberal education. Without preliminaries I would like to get to the main event. Alexander's first villain is relativism. He builds his argument by claiming that there are two types of relativism, weak and strong. Although he finds weak relativism unattractive, it is strong relativism that is seriously problematic. Weak relativism implies that knowledge is framework-dependent, but it accepts the notion that frameworkdependent knowledge can be criticized by using criteria outside of the framework within which the knowledge was produced. Strong relativism also implies that knowledge is framework-dependent, but holds that knowledge cannot be adequately appraised by criteria outside of the framework within which it was created. It holds further


Base doping densities near 1020cm−3 and emitter doping densities near 7 × 1017cm−3 have been achieved in MOVPE HBT structures and combined with self-aligned processing resulting in fmax=94GHz and ft = 45GHz. To our knowledge, these are the first MOVPE HBTs demonstrated to operate at millimetre-wave frequencies.


Neuropathies in pregnancy, although not very frequent, do generate a great impact on the quality of life when diagnosis and timely treatment are not established. There are several physiopathological mechanisms such as those of mechanical, hormonal and immunological origin. The location of the neuronal lesion will depend on the mechanism and therefore has a direct relationship with the trimester of pregnancy. Thus, the neuropathies of hormonal and mechanical origin associated with pregnancy, such as the carpal tunnel that is the most frequent, occur more in the second and third trimesters, while those of strict mechanical appearance such as those involving the lower limbs, They occur especially during childbirth. Other neuropathies such as cranial neuropathies are infrequent and oblige to rule out secondary etiologies. Polyneuropathies, more than being related to pregnancy, are precipitated or can be expressed during this condition. The following narrative review describes the most common neuropathies during pregnancy according to location, symptomatology, clinical findings, trimester of onset and presumed pathophysiological origin.


Objective:To observe the expression of ultrastructure and microvessel density (MVD) of the angiogenesis in the signet ring cell(SRC) carcinoma of stomach. Methods: 53 cases of SRC in stomach were detected with CD34 by using immunohistochemical mathod and MVD was counted, 6 cases were examined by electron microscopy (TEM). Results: The positive of CD34 and MVD was 65.74±15 68 in invasion SRC carcinoma, it is significantly higher than that the MVD 41.69±12.32 in mucosal (P0.05). The ultrastructure of capillary show that angiogenesis grow actively. Conclusion: The expression of neovascularization was consistent with the invasion of SRC carcinoma. It is closely related to the characteristics of angiogenensis with invasion of SRC carcinoma.


Data on birds in agroforestry areas of South Kalimantan are not yet available. The purpose of the study was to analyze bird species that use agroforestry areas as habitats. The sample locations are the agroforestry areas of Kiram Village, Biih Village, and Pulau Nyiur Village, Karang Intan District, Banjar Regency. Diurnal bird species were observed and individuals were counted at 07.00-10.00 and 15.00-18.00 with five replications and the point count method in October 2021. Only a point count was placed in each village. Observational aids are binoculars and a prozumer camera. Twenty-five bird species were found in all agroforestry areas of Karang Intan District. Species and individual birds spread differently at each sample location. The index of bird species diversity from the highest to the lowest is the agroforestry area of Pulau Nyiur (2.63), Biih (2.47), and Kiram (2.43). Although the community similarity index differs between calculations based on the number of species and based on the number of individuals, the order of similarity from highest to lowest is the same, namely Kiram-Biih, Kiram-Pulau Nyiur, and Biih-Pulau Nyiur. Because it is also a suitable habitat for protected or threatened birds, agroforestry areas can be maintained and even improved as natural conservation areas


The overwhelming majority of automotive part manufacturing processes successfully process hot dip galvanized sheet metal. However, there were reported situations were abrasive wear (galling), visible as narrow and long scratches, was observed on the surface of the formed parts. Investigations using a Slider On Sheet Tester (SOST) were performed in order to determine the conditions that lead to scratch forming on the galvanized sheet metal surface and to identify parameters that would guarantee a scratch free situation. The tests identified the tool roughness and the contact pressure as important parameters governing the coating wear phenomena. The tests proved that the coating resists relative high contact conditions in case of smooth tool surface, explaining why in the large majority of the industrial applications coated materials can be used without issues.


The problem examined in this study deals with the extent to which parental help in preparing for a science fair and parental support for the project affect students' attitudes toward the science fair. Fifty subjects were randomly selected from a group of 110 6th-grade students. There were 28 girls and 22 boys selected from the central-Virginia city school system. The survey instrument used had seven questions relating to students' attitudes toward the fair, three questions about students' perceptions of their parents attitude toward the fair (parental support), and six questions concerning how much their parents helped them complete their project (parental help). Although parental support and parental help correlated significantly, only the parental support questions related significantly to students' attitudes. The degree to which students liked their projects also related to their attitudes about the fair. The study suggests that the interest students feel for their projects as well as the amount of support parents show for the fair has a connection to students' feelings about their projects. (Author) Reproductions supplied by EDRS a e the best that can be made from the origin...1 document.


Ten years after the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, the priorities of world politics now appear to shift to different topics and themes. Accordingly, it is time for international lawyers to identify whether the international fight against terrorism has an enduring legacy. The monograph by Kimberley Trapp will be of particular help for this endeavour with respect to the allocation of state responsibility for international terrorism.
In this book, terrorism is not presented as a �new challenge� which reveals the inadequacy of existing rules. Instead, Trapp explores the potential of the existing legal rules to hold states responsible for their implication in the commission of terrorist attacks. Her main prism of analysis is the law of state responsibility; not so much in the sense that she would go through the work of the ILC and see how terrorism-related violations of international law could be addressed by the ILC Articles on State Responsibility. Rather, Trapp uses the framework of the law of state responsibility in a constructive and practice-oriented manner to establish how states can effectively be held responsible for their implication in terrorist activities. She follows a pragmatic approach which gets lost neither in discussions about the definition of terrorism nor in the ideological cleavages about the possibility of �state terrorism�. Her definition of terrorism is drawn from existing, as she calls them, �terrorism suppression conventions� (�TSCs�) and supplemented by elements of the practice of both the UN Security Council and the UN General Assembly (at 14�23). With respect to �state terrorism� Trapp pragmatically holds that this notion could fulfil a useful role as it highlights �the possibility of state sponsorship and support for acts� that fall within the overall regime of international law concerning terrorism (at 24).


We propose a method to approximate numerically the diffusion of an age-structured population in a spatial environment. We integrate separately the age and time variables by finite differences and we discretize the space variable by finite elements. The method is implicit in time and, inside each time step, implicit in age. We provide stability and convergence results and we illustrate our approach with some numerical result.


The primary purpose of this article is to propose general conditions for establishing a nuclear weapon-free zone (NWFZ) in the Korean Peninsula from the viewpoint of international law. North Korea's nuclear weapons development has created the most negative environment for the peace and security of Northeast Asia since the early 1990s. In spite of painstaking negotiations to denuclearize North Korea, the parties concerned have not found any fundamental solution yet. This interim failure is due to the uncompromising positions of the two sides as well as the inherently paradoxical structure of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, which legalizes the development of nuclear weapons by the recognized nuclear powers. The most reasonable solution is to completely and fairly denuclearize the whole Korean Peninsula under an NWFZ. This paper scrutinizes legal, political and technical problems for realizing the plan for a nuclear-free Korean Peninsula. In a world that all too often seems dark and ominous, the Treaty of Tlatelolco will shine like a beacon. This Treaty is a practical demonstration to all humanity of what can be accomplished when sufficient dedication and the necessary will exist. U Thant


A metallic golf club wood head comprises a substantially planar face member welded to a container-shaped rear shell member having an open front face. A shaft connecting portion 7a is forged integrally with an upper portion of the face member 11a. A cut-out 14a is formed in an upper face of a front side of a rear shell member 12a for accommodating a lower portion of the shaft connecting portion 7a. As a result of this construction the number of structural members is reduced and the strength of the shaft connecting portion 7a is increased. Furthermore, the loft angle can be adjusted when manufacturing the face member 11a for example by forging. Moreover, since it is sufficient for the shaft connecting portion 7a to be formed at the top of the head only, the front side of the head can be lightened and the "sweet area" increased.