In this article, I will argue that early post-Apartheid South Africa adopted certain neoliberal principles which compromised the efforts to combat economic inequality. In particular, I will show that the economic policies that South Africa adopted during its early democracy reflect core neoliberal principles which promote a neoliberal political rationality. These economic policies indicate a pivotal approach from the African National Congress government in addressing economic inequality in South Africa. The dramatic shift from traditional Marxist policies to neoliberal policies reveals the significant influence of a neoliberal global market system during South Africa's early democracy. However, the neoliberal policies failed to address the problem of economic inequality in South Africa. Instead, these policies seem to have deepened the existing economic inequality in contemporary South African society.


A fault tolerant computer system has been conceived to become the standard framework that will be utilized by the future family of Brazilian small satellites for scientific applications. Based on the proposed standard, a computer system with three processing modules was developed for the First Brazilian Scientific Application Microsatellite (SACI-1 Satélite Científico). Each processing module is based on a 32bit Transputer that is connected to the two other processing modules, as well as, to the satellite subsystems through a 10 Mbit serial bus. A set of fault handling mechanisms is implemented in the computer system which enable it to tolerate a single fault and most of the double faults. Four switches controlled by a watch-dog-timer are used in each processing module to allow the serial links to bypass the processor when a catastrophic fault is detected in that module. This technique allows the computer system to degrade gracefully to two processing modules, or even to one processing module. The computer system is designed to execute all on board tasks with three or two processing modules and the essential tasks with one processing module. A large mass memory that uses memory chips not qualified for space was implemented in each processing module. Since these memory chips are susceptible to cosmic radiation, a special circuit was used to detect latchups and to power off the memory chip for 10 msec when a latchup is detected. Additionally, these memory chips present a high single event upset (SEU) rate, when in orbit, producing single, double and, less frequently, triples errors in a memory word. To overcome this problem, the scientific experiment data frames are coded before being stored in the mass memory using an error correction code. The on board software was organized around a set of processes that communicate among themselves through a routing process. The essential software was formally specified and its correctness certified using the CSP-Z formalism. ------------------(1) PhD in Computer Science UCLA 1982 Professor and Researcher in Computer Science at Universidade do Vale do Paraíba E-mail: email@example.com (2) PhD in Computer Engineering University of Michigan 1974 Professor and Researcher in Computer Science at Universidade do Vale do Paraíba E-Mail: email@example.com


Ternary metal hydrides containing both an alkali metal and a transition metal can be synthesized by the conversion of a mixture of the alkali-metal hydride and the transition metal in an atmosphere of hydrogen at temperatures between 500 and 800 K. At low hydrogen reaction pressures, only hydrides containing transition metals from subgroup eight in low oxidation states are formed. This restriction is removed at high pressures such that it is possible to prepare the following hydrides at hydrogen reaction pressures between 1500 and 5000 bar:  Na2PdH4, Li5Pt2H9, A2PtH6 (A ≙ Na, K, Rb, or Cs), A3MnH5 (A ≙ K, Rb, or Cs), K3ReH6, and A3ReH10 (A ≙ K or Rb). Preliminary experiments have shown that this synthesis route also facilitates access to corresponding ternary hydrides containing the early transition metals. The crystal structures of all the hydrides mentioned were determined by a combination of X-ray and neutron-diffraction experiments on powder samples. The corresponding deuterium compounds were employed...


Like many other jurisdictions, the western Canadian province of Alberta is seeking cost-effective and creative ways of providing school infrastructure that meets the needs of 21st century learning. Solutions are being found through the use of alternative financing and procurement arrangements and through innovative approaches to creating flexible school facilities...


Stoke is the second most common cause of death and the most common cause of adult disability. To plan an efficient evaluation and treatment of an individual patient with ischaemic stroke, the clinician should be familiar with the subtyping of ischaemic stroke patients and the risk factors analysis of different aetiology. Eight hundred seventy-seven (877) patients have been selected for this cross-sectional study conducted in a university hospital of Bangladesh from 2014 to 2018, to whom brain imaging [Computed Tomography (CT)/ Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)], vascular imaging [Magnetic Resonance Angiogram (MRA), Digital Subtraction Angiogram (DSA)], ECG and echocardiography have been done. We did subtyping according to TOAST criteria. The mean age of patients was 60.5 ± 11 years. Most patients (29.33%) belonged to the age group 51 – 60, where 70.47% of subjects were male and 29.53% were female. In this study, 43.87% of patients were in the large artery atherosclerosis group, 23.83.% in the small vessel occlusion group, 8.46% in the cardiac embolism group, 19.30% in the undetermined aetiology group and 4.54% in other determined aetiology. Among risk factors hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia was present in 58.15%, 38.42%, and 38.88% of patients, respectively. In ischaemic stroke patients, large artery atherosclerosis was the most common subtype and hypertension was significant in this group. Extracranial stenosis was more common in ischaemic stroke.


To study the influence of stress on gastric mucosal hydrophobicity and the content of phospholipid in gastric glandular adherent mucus gel layer of rat. Forty rats were divided randomized into four groups equally, which were control group, 0.5h, lh and 2h after water immersion restraint stress groups. The gastric mucosal contact angle and the content of phospholipid in mucosal surface scraping material (SSM) of glandular stomach and gastric mucosal ulcer index were measured.


more rapidly. The target population of policy innovations also affects the speed of policy diffusion. Innovations targeting on both negatively constructed groups, such as drug users or criminals, and positively constructed groups, such as children or seniors, garner strong support from state governments. When policy innovations are met with weaker opposition, there will be rapid policy diffusion. Boushey's empirical analysis supports these expectations to a great degree. Morality and social regulatory policy, such as samesex marriage bans, abortion laws, pornography, and so on, is technically simple and highly salient in the policy process. Such governance policy as term limitations, tax limitations, campaign finance reform, and so on is highly visible, gets mass political support, and is related to direct democracy. These policy innovations show rapid nonincremental policy diffusion. In contrast, state regulatory policy is characterized by high issue complexity and low political salience. Accordingly, this type of policy features more incremental policy diffusion. Boushey identifies more general state characteristics that influence policy diffusion. This aspect is also contrasted with previous case-based studies of policy diffusion. When states have professional legislatures, they can handle technocratic, complex, and low-salience regulatory policies quite well. Legislative professionalism will therefore expedite policy diffusion. Since it is hard to measure and analyze fundamental values inherent in morality policy, legislative professionalism cannot effectively facilitate the diffusion of morality policy. Boushey's empirical analysis supports these expectations as well. Political candidates have recently looked to mobilize their voting base through symbolic high-salience morality issues. Boushey's analysis thus indicates that in the states with conservative citizen ideology and traditional political culture, morality policy has been more rapidly diffused. When citizens rely on direct statutory initiatives, governance policy has been more quickly adopted. Interest groups, as carriers of policy innovations, differ in terms of their capacity in venue selection, issue framing, and trial-and-error strategies. Interest groups attempt to take advantage of multiple points of access in the policy process to promote policy changes. However, such venue shopping is highly costly. Larger, wealthier, and centrally organized interest groups can more effectively induce political changes across states. For instance, mass-member interest groups, such as the National Rifle Association or the American Association of Retired Persons, can propel signature drives and initiative campaigns. In addition, their centralized organizational structures efficiently coordinate political campaigns and rapid policy adoptions can erupt. Boushey also shows a historical case. In the middle of the nineteenth century, various liquor prohibition laws and the Prohibition Party quickly ran out of steam because they linked the prohibition issue with other economic issues. In the early twentieth century, a single-issue organization like the Anti-Saloon League maintained highly centralized, hierarchical organizational structures and thus could simultaneously drive national and state campaigns for strong liquor control. Boushey stresses that 36 states ratified the Eighteenth Amendment in 14 months. Despite the book's significant contribution to the literature of bounded rationality in general and policy-diffusion dynamics in particular, there are some points for improvement that will make this already strong work even stronger. If Boushey had clarified that his framework is primarily based on institutional frictions under collective decisionmaking settings, Policy Diffusion Dynamics in America might have appealed to a broader readership. In particular, scholars and students of public policy and administration have significantly applied Jones and Baumgartner's model to policy and budget processes in the United States and abroad. Boushey's analysis obviously investigates key factors of collective decision-making institutions such as interest groups, information signals from policy environments, and overall state characteristics. Throughout the book, however, his analysis looks as if it also covers decision makers' disproportionate information processing. This might be true, but scholars and students of public policy and administration often prefer enhanced clarity at the potential expense of scientific rigor.


Introduction;   AcuteAngle Closure Glaucoma (AACG) is a well recognized side effect of topiramate(TPM). This is an ocular emergency and receivesdistinction due to its acute presentation and call for immediate treatment.Althoughthere are accessible data from adult studies, no substantial evidence availableon TPM-induced-AACG in children.  Objectives; Todemonstrate topiramate use and the risk of glaucoma development in children Method Analytical,retrospective cohort study.Allpatients who are on TPM (under predefined criteria) and an age and sex matchednon-exposed group were screened by a blinded examiner. Data Analysis; Exposed group (n=123), mean age7.9-years, males-52.8%, non-exposed group (n=119). 47/123 (38%) on TPM had anelectro-clinical-syndromic diagnosis while 54.4% had non-syndromic-epilepsies. 12/123(9.7%) were on TPM monotherapy, whereas 46.3% were on two Anti-Epileptic-Drugs(AEDs) and 44% were on three or more. Mean treatment duration for TPM was 19.5-months(range=0.5-72-months), mean starting dose 1.6mg/kg/day (range=0.6-3mg/kg/day)and a maintenance dose of 3.6mg/kg/day (range=0.8-8.5mg/kg/day). There was nosignificant correlation between the treatment duration, starting dose or themaintenance dose of TPM and mean Intra-Ocular-Pressure (IOP). On directquestioning 9/123 had symptoms (eye-pain=04, excessive tearing=03, visualdisturbance=02) however had no raised IOP. None of the parents were aware ofthe warning symptoms of AACG. There was no significant difference between themean IOP of exposed versus the non-exposed.  Conclusions/suggestions; Topiramate-induced-AACG is an uncommonside effect among children (0/123); clinical symptoms could be non-specific, suggestfurther (multicenter) studies including larger population size forconfirmation.


In the last decade Demand Response (DR) programs have been influencing loads' profiles of electric users who participate in these programs. The evolution of the simulations able to study them brought to the possibility of defining new models that can consider power consumption profiles for different types of user (MAT, AT, MT, BTE, BTN-2, BTN-1) but, in order to better match consumption and production energy curves, highly precise predictions of loads' profiles are still needed. This goal can be achieved also thanks to the study of the price elasticity factor. A way to obtain it will be examined in this paper: price and power absorption variations will be considered because elasticity is defined as the ratio of their relative variations before and after DR. This work focuses on the profiles of price variations $\mathbf{\Delta} \mathbf{P}$ with respect to the absorbed power variation $\mathbf{\Delta} \mathbf{Q}$: users indeed are expected to vary their consumptions according to different values of remunerations. Ranges of elasticities have been evaluated to study the behavior of $\mathbf{\Delta} \mathbf{P}$ profiles for the more representing users. Finally, economic consequences of load regressions have been analyzed.


................................................................................................................ I ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ....................................................................................... III TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................ IV LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................. IX LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................... XVII LIST OF SYMBOLS ......................................................................................... XVIII LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................. XIX CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .............................................................................. 1 1.1. BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................... 2 1.2. MOTIVATION ....................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1. Wavelength Selective switches (WSS) and wavelength filters in Wavelength Division Multiplexed(WDM) optical network ....................................................... 4 1.3. OBJECTIVES ......................................................................................................... 8 1.4. SCOPE ................................................................................................................. 9 1.5. RESEARCH ROADMAP ........................................................................................ 10 1.6. ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS .......................................................................... 10 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................ 13 2.1. WAVELENGTH SELECTIVE SWITCHING TECHNOLOGIES IN AN OPTICAL COMMUNICATION NETWORK .................................................................................... 14 2.2. MICRO RING RESONATORS ................................................................................. 20 2.3. THERMO-OPTIC (TO) ACTIVE DEVICES USING MICRO RING RESONATORS......... 23


David Ferris' memoirs present an unusual first-hand account of the life and mind of an 18 century colonial businessman and Quaker minister. Ferris relates his life story, from his birth and early life as a member of a Presbyterian family in Connecticut to his reflections in old age. In between we see him leaving his studies at Yale due to his religious beliefs, joining the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers), moving from Philadelphia to the "frontier" of Wilmington, DE, and ultimately becoming an outspoken proponent of the abolition of slavery. The "resistance and obedience" of the title refer to his own characterizations of his alternating periods of resisting the leadings of the spirit and becoming obedient to them. Ferris, in his best moments, exhibited a radical obedience that allowed him to submit his will to the leadings of God in all matters, including whom to marry and what items to carry in his general store in Delaware. He became a traveling minister, speaking out on spiritual and ethical matters, but only after he overcame his deep resistance to speaking in public.


Aesthetic sense is a summation and expression of design thoughts,and is images to show artist's thought of design,and can evoke visitor's consonance of feeling.Cushy,artless and simple,florid,ancient and classical are all emotional experiences of integral images of environments.Individuality of indoor artistic conception usually show the style and feature.It can be percipient and stimulate people's emotion.


The upcoming years, the amount of elderly people is growing rapidly. Besides, elderly people are expected to continue living independently at their home. The number of places in nursing homes are limited because a lot of nursing homes closed their doors. Now, older people are dependent on themselves, their neighbourhood and connections. It becomes a challenge to keep older people active, to let them age in place in a healthy way and to prevent this group from social isolation. As people age, their mobility declines and they experience a loss of social contacts. This makes elderly more dependent on their neighbourhood and the amenities, activities and social contacts it has to offer. However, a lot of elderly experience problems in their living environment. The urban environment is not always designed in such a way that it stimulates meetings between people and the development of strong social connections. Besides, a lot of older people experience physical barriers in their living environment. These difficulties experienced in the living environment could cause loneliness and a decrease in physical activity which is both bad for the well-being and health of older people. These factors can hinder elderly to age in place in an active and healthy way. The aim of this project is to gain more insight in how to intervene in the urban environment in order to create neighbourhoods that keep elderly active (social a physical) and that facilitate the preference of the majority of older people to remain in their homes and community for as long as possible.


Fibrinogen from normal platelets and plasma was compared with material derived from a subject with the congenital fibrinogen abnormality termed fibrinogen Paris I. The molecular abnormality in this subject is characterized by the presence (in plasma molecules) of relatively large mutant 'y-chains ('y-Paris I) that replace 50% or more of the normal "y-chain population and that, unlike normal 'y-chains, do not form covalently linked y-dimers in the presence of plasma transglutaminase (factor Xllla). Extracts of washed or washed and trypsin-treated platelets that had been lysed in the presence of 8 M urea were subjected to CM-cellulose chromatography in the presence of 8 M urea. The fibrinogen-containing chromatographic peak from each sample was then concentrated and analyzed by dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. All unreduced samples (5% polyacrylamide gels) possessed a fibrinogen band migrating in the same position as plasma fibrinogen. Unstained gel slices containing platelet fibrinogen were reduced with dithiothreitol and again subjected to dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis (10% polyacrylamide gels). All such samples showed bands corresponding in position and in relative staining intensity to the Aa, B/9, and fly-chains of normal plasma fibrinogen, findings confirming the observation that platelet fibrinogen is not significantly different in size from that in plasma. The band corresponding to the fly-Paris I chain was not observed in any sample. The absence of mutant 'y-chains from platelet fibrinogen molecules derived from the Paris I subject is confirmatory evidence that platelet and plasma fibrinogen pools are separate from one another. The results also indicate that the subject's platelet and plasma fibrinogens, at least as far as their "y-chains are concerned, are not assembled from identical gene products. It remains to be shown whether this finding reflects a more general situation regarding hepatic and platelet fibrinogen from normal individuals.


Through my research I have tried to demonstrate how visual graphic images hinder or slow down students' creativity at the time of artistic problem solving or during their learning process in the art classes. Children are undoubtedly exposed to visual stimulation on a daily basis.
I have been looking for methods to make children avoid copying, using or remaking images by which they are surrounded in every environment. How could I redirect or prevent them from using those images during their artistic problem solving?
Two sections of the 6th grade from a primary school in Ljubljana participated in this research. I have first carried out art assignments which helped me detect students' creativity level when being exposed to visual input in the classroom only. I have motivated those students during the lesson by drawing their attention to visual stimulation. Visual experience helped them introduce graphic motives during their artistic problem solving.
All the students have already been in contact with the given graphic image, therefore they depicted it in a very similar way. They recreated it similar to the original they repeatedly see and are exposed to in daily life. Their graphic solutions resulted in the art theme we can recognize from advertisements throughout the mass media. Students used templates of a known art motive as their graphic theme rather than a creative solution.
For the following tasks I have stimulated students through other senses. For each task they have been intensively exposed to different sensory input: hearing, smell, touch and flavor.
Students were more focused on the graphic problem and they lived it closely and more intense. Their reactions to art tasks were intense, some stimulations proved to offer a series of associations, new connections and ideas for their graphic solutions and artistic depictions. The latter were no more similar to previous graphic solutions, stimulated solely by visual input motivation. The results showed major changes. Students that had been motivated by senses other than sight, solved their art assignment without copying famous graphic themes. Therefore they resulted to be more creative than the students who were given only visual input.
 It turned out that sight through visual stimulation can be the reason for students' non creative artistic problem solving and those students used stencils more often. They have seldom recreated a well known graphic motive.


Greenwald D, Miller E. New York, NY 10121, McGraw Hill, 2005, paperback, 272 pp, illus, ISBN: 0-07-145888-3, $18.95.

This book, written by 2 athletic trainers with a background in exercise physiology and anatomy, introduces the Balanced Antagonistic Muscle (BAM) Superset method. The BAM Superset essentially combines exercises for opposing muscle groups. According to the authors, this exercise method will improve the efficacy of a person's workout, as well as reduce delayed onset muscle soreness and reduce the risk of injury.

The book's targeted audience is the general public. The authors state that …


Startups are the fresh blood of our economy and, besides uni-
versities, are thriving innovation. One of the rst steps in this enriching journey to success, where they create jobs and new products, is getting funded. Decision makers, such as investors, incubators, and accelerators, receive a large amount of funding proposals. Currently, new ventures are evaluated "manually", often without any machine learning or any decision support at all. The implicit rules that every experienced decision maker has developed through years of failures and successes can not be codied, let alone be explained. It is intuition. We envision a learning system that is able to learn the intuition from multiple decision makers and guide them in their judgment. Our envisioned learning system relies on hybrid intelligence, which we dene as the ability to accomplish complex goals by combining human and articial intelligence to collectively achieve superior results and continuously improve by learning from each other.


This paper proposes a new fault location method on the basis of the characteristic of arc.According to a simulation test and experimental data,the gradient of the arc voltage is large when the arc current passes through zero.An index within the gradient information of the arc voltage on the local region of zero can reflect fault location effectively.A simulated annealing concurrent computing algorithm is adopted to fast and effectively locate the fault points of overhead transmission line.The result shows the method is simple and effective.


Backflow of migrant workers is an essential part of rural surplus labor transfer. 425 valid samples from Haicheng, Taian and Xiuyan cities of Liaoning Province were analyzed and place selection and influencing factors were discussed. The study indicated that in backflow migrant workers, 43.16% returned to counties and towns, while 56.84% returned to rural areas. Place selection was significantly influenced by years of migrant work, training, times of migration, migration distance, age, land area in hometown, and living preference.


Harmonics course is a compulsory course for application-oriented college students majoring in music.In order to improve the teaching quality of harmonics,we need to strengthen the practice-based teaching link,including auditory training practice,harmonics analysis training practice and keyboard training practice,thus we can improve the quality of application-oriented talents.


somal recessive characteristic, both parents are expected to demonstrate heterozygosity, and the more sensitive assay in cultured fibroblasts should prove more definitive. This was not done in this case. The close family relationship of the parents (a not uncommon occurrence in this locality) raises important issues of genetic counseling on Sandoff's disease in this region. Just as establishment of a registry for new cases of Tay-Sachs disease among Jews in the United States has led to a better epidemiological definition of the problem,2 we advocate the establishment of a similar registry for Sandhoff's disease in Saudi Arabia. It would appear from this report and that of Ozand et all that Sandhoff's disease is probably more widespread in Saudi Arabia. We believe that lessons learned from Tay-Sachs disease in the United States3 can be applied to Sandhoff's disease to assist in its definition and subsequent containment in this


Subtitle: Yong Wang, ICAO Chief, Aerodromes, Air Routes and Ground Aids Section, analyzed the priorities and pressures facing airports and their regulators.


—Wheelchair simulators using virtual reality have been conceived for a better understanding of the mobility problem, and also to train people in wheelchair driving. Virtual Fauteuil is an immersive simulator equipped with a compact motion platform that reproduces physical effects like collisions, or being on slopes along the roll and pitch axis. Like most of the existing simulators, Virtual Fauteuil offers a training program, based on the performances of the user. However, a parameter is neglected for the performance evaluation, which is the posture of the user, although it affects his stability. This study focus on a light, basic and non-invasive solution for body tracking, the Kinect v2 sensor, and its implementation in the simulator Virtual Fauteuil. The experiment conducted in this paper consists in analyzing the movement of the torso when the user lives a perturbation in the simulator. This first postural evaluation has been done with 12 participants (9 males and 3 females). They were not asked to drive the wheelchair. The simulator was indeed programmed in such a manner that the avatar follows by itself a straight route composed of bumps which cause physical perturbations through the simulator. The experiment was in two sessions. During the first session, the travel was not displayed on the screen, so it means that the users lived perturbations without expecting it. During the second session, the participant lived the same travel but this time, with a visual immersion on a front screen. Perturbations are measured by investigating the rotation of the trunk compared to the rotation of the platform. Results shows that participants were more impacted by perturbation when the simulation was displayed on the screen. We also found that for the expermiment, participants were immune to trunk flexions, which means that the trunk of participants were mostly straight during disturbances. study will soon be done around the postural response of the user and on different exercises.


T RESPONSE of the Government of India to the devaluation of the US dollar of February 1973 has been to continue to indirectly float the rupee along with the British pound sterling at the central rate of £l=Rs 18.9677 as fixed in December 1971, after the Smithsonian agreement on the realignment of the major currencies of the world. 1 This decision implied a revaluation of the rupee against the dollar by about 3. 7 per cent initially. It has led to a public controversy on whether the rupee should or should not have been devalued along with the doJlar. The Government of India is very soon likely to face the question of determining the new parity of the Indian rupee when the British pound returns to a fixed parity. The specific question which is likely to arise once again is whether India should devalue the rupee or not.


Background: During the last decade, support to public welfare programs, development of device-dependent techniques and increased awareness of public health have all caused rapid growth in the number of cataract surgeries performed in China. However, cataract surgery outcomes and the applicability of device-dependent interventions for cataract patients nationwide are still unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of cataract surgeries, from a health administration perspective. The data analysed were based on the National Cataract Recovery Surgery Information Registration and Reporting System. The final objective was to provide a roadmap for future health service policies for cataract surgeries.

Methods: The data source of this study is the National Cataract Recovery Surgery Information Registration and Reporting System. All cataract cases receiving any surgical treatment, both in medical services and institutes nationwide, should be registered and reported online within four days of the surgery. The variables included: medical institute settings, clinical characteristics of patients, pre-surgical examinations of the cataract-operated eyes, surgical information, and post-surgical visual status. A case-control design was adopted for this study based on the data collected from the electronic registered report system. A descriptive analysis was conducted to analyse the tendency of cataract surgery in the past decade. With LogMAR transferred, the pre-surgical best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) level was stratified to compare the BCVA improvement level before and after the surgery. The multinomial logistic regression model was used to explore the influencing factors of 3-day post-surgical BCVA improvement, and Normogram visualisation was used to predict the prognosis of cataract surgery.

Findings: A total of 1,4157,463 original records were reported from July 1st 2009 to the 31st of December 2018. The mean age of the reported data was 69.7 years, with 69% of the cases in the 61-80 years group. Female accounted for 58.0%. The median of pre-surgical LogMAR transferred BCVA was 0.2, while those of the post-surgery 3-day and 3-month were 0.5 and 0.6, respectively. Cataract surgery had a very good effect on improving post-surgical BCVA. From binary logistic regression analysis, history of hypertension (OR = 0.916) or diabetes (OR = 0.912), pre-surgical pupil abnormality (OR = 0.571), high intraocular pressure (OR = 0.578) did not affect post-surgical BCVA improvement (BCVA ≥ 6/18), while male sex (OR = 1.113), better pre-surgical BCVA level (OR = 5.996 for 0.5-0.7 and OR = 2.610 for 0.2-0.4 taken ≤ 0.1 as reference), age-related cataract (OR = 1.825), and intraocular lens implantation (OR = 1.886) were statistically beneficial for post-surgical BCVA improvement. Considering the surgery types, compared with the ECCE with large incision, the ECCE with small incision (OR value = 1.810) and the phacoemulsification (OR = 1.420) significantly improved the benefit probability. Among the hospital administration affiliation, compared with the provincial medical institutions, the benefit probability of county medical institutions was doubled, with an OR value of 2.084 (95% CI 2.029-2.140).

Interpretation: ECCE with small incision has comparable effects on post-surgical BCVA improvement of phacoemulsification. Therefore, it could be an alternative cataract surgical treatment in economically underdeveloped areas in China.

Funding Statement: None.

Declaration of Interests: All authors claimed no conflict of interest.

Ethics Approval Statement: Due to the application of the electronic data from the system, we deemed and were granted ethical approval for the study plan, data management plan and an exemption of informed consent. The approval was provided by the Ethics Committee of the National Institute of Hospital Administration in China (Ethics NO. 1015).


Abstract Introduction This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity and the antiangiogenic activity of Murraya koenigii leaf extracts in zebrafish. Materials and Methods Crude aqueous and ethanol extracts of M. koenigii leaves were obtained following a standard solvent-based extraction method. The toxicity of these extracts on zebrafish embryonic development was determined and the LC50 values were calculated. Finally, the antiangiogenic activity of the M. koenigii leaf extracts was evaluated in a transgenic zebrafish (Tg [fli1: GFP]) that express GFP under the control of fli1, a transcription factor involved in vasculogenesis. Results The LC50 value of the aqueous extract of M. koenigii leaves was much larger (2,450 ppm) compared with that of ethanol extract (9.85 ppm), suggesting a lower toxicity of the aqueous extract. The antiangiogenic activity was evident only in aqueous extract, with significant effects in formation of intersegmental vessels and subintestinal veins in treated Tg (fli1: GFP) zebrafish embryos. Conclusion This study demonstrated the biological activity of M. koenigii leaf extracts as angiogenesis suppressor, suggesting its therapeutic potential as an angiogenesis inhibitor. Identification of active components from natural sources with potent antiangiogenic activity could lead to the development of anticancer agents.


Quality assurance is an industrial engineering disciphe which focuses on providing confidence that the requirements for quaiity are met. Producers of goods and services must assure theu customers of the qudity of products and services provided. 1x1 light of this fact, university education is no exception. Interested parties, such as the govanmen& Lidustry and society in general, want confidence that the students wili have the required howledge when they graduate, that cuttingedge courses and programs are offered, and that new laiowledge is created in research. To provide such confidence to the employers of graduates and the general public, professional institutions have introduced nationai accreditation of university programs. However, there is aIso a need to assure customers internationalIy of the quality of educational and research services being provided locally. Such quality assurance efforts at an international level have been addressed with the introduction of the ISO 9000 Standards. The standards were developed by qudity professionais onginating rnainiy fiom the industrial sector, and provide a h e w o r k for developing quality systems, as well as rnaking quality efforts visible to customen. The impact of the standards worldwide has been so extensive that it is now virtually impossible to bid for international manuficturing contracts if a cornpany is not ISO 9000 registered. The tirne when universities encounter a similar situation is rapidly approaching. An established ISO 9000 quality system in the university today wilI pioneer the quality assurance efforts the cornpetition ~111 undoubtedly face tomorrow. This thesis examines quality assurance issues in university education. Models of the qudity system and the university system are developed and integrated to aIlow for the interpretation, documentation and Mplementation of the ISO 9001 standard in a university. These rnodels facilitate the harmonization of quality assurance and management systems, as well as the integration with environmental, safety and other management systems. Quality control and Unprovernent of the teaching process and leaming outcornes are supported by various Statistical Process Control techniques. The goal to achieve a zero-defect output is set, and a process to achieve this goal is described, and is supported by a case study. Quality characteristics of univenity's products are developed in the modified Analytic Hierarchy Process framework. These characteristics can be used to monitor, control and continuously improve ducational and research


With the increasing demand for data automation and intelligent management in the field of electric power, knowledge atlas plays a particularly important role in intelligent query, electric power knowledge management and decision support. Entity recognition is the basis of building power knowledge map. In the field of power grid, because of its many types, large numbers and strong professionalism of entities, it is difficult to extract them by rules or manually, and it is also impossible to directly reuse entity recognition methods in other fields. For the field of power, this paper first analyzes the subject and characteristics of entity recognition, defines the task objectives of entity recognition, and then studies the entity recognition methods and technologies, and combines the advantages of BiLSTM and CRF, and proposes a method of power entity recognition based on BiLSTM CRF. Firstly, bi-directional features of text are extracted based on BiLSTM, and then the best sequence mark is obtained based on CRF method as the segmentation result. Based on the corpus of power science and technology papers, a comparative experiment is carried out. The accuracy rate of identifying power entities is about 88%, which is 3%~10% higher than the current common methods, which proves that this method can effectively identify power entities.


The present invention discloses a control system for aquaculture ponds dissolved oxygen, the composition and the transport layer data acquisition and data storage and sharing layers, which communicate by radio. The present invention is by nonlinear variation of dissolved oxygen in aquaculture ponds, large inertia, large time delay characteristics denatured timely and larger farming area is difficult to control the problem, a design based aquaculture ponds DO wireless sensor network control system the data acquisition system is composed of the transport layer and the data storage and sharing layer, forming the detection, control and management of smart wireless sensor network monitoring system of ponds dissolved oxygen.


In this paper, an agile fault injection method by means of discretional fault mode is introduced, in order to go over the localization of the conventional fault injection method based on the hardware, and to offer a new means that is used to validate the testability indexes of PHM system. After describing the basic principle of such method, this paper discusses universal elements and groupware modeling, fault injection and fault confirm method in detail. Finally, by using an audio processing circuit belonged to some airplane, it is validated that this fault injection method is valid and it will be significant for engineering practicability.


It has now been found that industrial solid waste management is a major worldwide concern. Because of its heavy price effects, which cause economic and other environmental risks, most industries are not interested in the therapy and secure disposal of these waste. The disposal of waste foundry sand and slag is of main significance due to the trivial amount produced from the foundries throughout the world. Steel slag is a waste product produced during steel production. This waste has disposed of in the form of landfills, which creates enormous pollution of the soil. As a result, the need to use these waste is very essential due to increased demand to protect the usual environment, mainly in fields where it is built up. Consequently, replacing of natural aggregates with foundry slag would lead in considerable environmental advantages. In addition, paver blocks that are commonly used in building are inferior to burnt clay bricks in structure. In this project, therefore, normal fine and coarse aggregate should be substituted by foundry slag and foundry sand in the paver block. Several studies will be used to perform the studies, including compressive strength testing, tensile strength testing and flexure strength testing. Foundry waste is gathered from Foundries around Coimbatore.


Abe Goldstein and I were friends for more than half a century. I first met him in Washington in 195o, and during the years that followed our lives and careers intersected at a number of points. I came to have great regard for him. I should preface the account of our initial meeting with some brief background. In May 195o, shortly before I left Yale, where I was a Graduate Fellow, to seek a job in Washington, Professor Boris Bittker suggested that I contact Raoul Berger, a solo practitioner in Washington. When I called on Berger, he told me that an associate in his office, Abe Goldstein, had departed some months earlier to become the law clerk to Judge David L. Bazelon on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. Bazelon had recently been appointed to the bench, and he had appealed to Berger for assistance in finding a law clerk. Berger had volunteered, with great reluctance, to allow Abe to accept the clerkship. Accordingly, there was an opening in Berger's office, and the next day he phoned to offer me the job that Abe had vacated. Thus, I became a successor to Abe in my first job as a lawyer. I could not possibly have replaced him. As I recall, I was introduced to Abe by Berger several months later. Berger was an able man, and he was also an exacting taskmaster. Years later, Abe and I would recall, amidst much laughter, our common experience in "Berger's boot camp." Following his clerkship, Abe joined Donohue & Kaufman, a small Washington law firm where he remained until 1956. The senior partner"Jiggs" Donohue -was a well known figure in Washington; he had been one of three commissioners who ran the government of the District of Columbia. Donohue was the "rainmaker," and Abe was the legal craftsman. The firm enjoyed a substantial civil and criminal practice. Abe had the opportunity to function in a first chair capacity in a number of complex litigation matters and to experience the rough and tumble of a courtroom. He liked private practice, and he had considerable doubt about his decision to leave Washington in 1956


A software design review meeting was conducted (Task 2.0). A CFD Viewer was developed, to allow the process analyst to view CFD results from the process simulator (Task 2.14). Work on developing a CO wrapper for the INDVU code was continued (Task 2.15). The model-edit GUI was modified to allow the user to specify a solution strategy. Enhancements were made to the solution strategy implementation (Task 2.16). Testing of the integrated software was continued and several bug fixes and enhancements were made: ability to expose CFD parameters to the process analyst and support for velocity and pressure inlet boundary conditions (Task 2.21). Work on preparing the release version progressed: Version 0.3 of V21 Controller was released, a global configuration dialog was implemented, and a code review process was initiated (Task 2.24). The calibration of the tube bank CFD model for the RPL AIChE Annual Meeting, November 8, 2002; and the Vision 21 Simulation meeting at Iowa State University, November 19-20, 2002 (Task 7.0).


Quality assessment is essential to creating and comparing video compression algorithms. Despite the development of many new quality-assessment methods, well-known and generally accepted codecs comparisons mainly employ classical methods such as PSNR, SSIM, and VMAF. These methods have different variations: temporal pooling techniques, color-component summations and versions. In this paper, we present comparison results for generally accepted video-quality metrics to determine which ones are most relevant to video codecs comparisons. For evaluation we used videos compressed by codecs of different standards at three bitrates, and subjective scores were collected for these videos. Evaluation dataset consists of 789 encoded streams and 320294 subjective scores. VMAF calculated for all Y, U, V color spaced showed the best correlation with subjective quality, and we also showed that the usage of smaller weighting coefficients for U and V components leads to a better correlation with subjective quality.


The screening process to detect early-stage lung cancer is injurious to a patient's survival. Fortunately, there are natural compounds that have been acknowledged to possess anticancer properties, work as the protein binding inhibitors of lung cancer promotors: EGF and EGFR. The study aims to identify inhibitors of EGFR protein binding. Assessments were accomplished based on several parameters related to EGFR proteins, such as pathways, protein activity, conformational changes, and numerous information using the STRING database and KEGG pathway database. Ten inhibitor compounds that expressed highest activity were selected for further analysis were: (20R,22R)-5beta,6beta-Epoxy-4beta,12beta,20-trihy-droxy-1-oxowith-2-en-24-enolide, irinotecan, flavopyridol, teniposide, exatecan, daphnoretin, indirubin, topitecan, wentilactone, and evidiamine. The native ligand Lapatinib was used as positive control in this analysis. The analysis was accomplished by molecular docking using Vina 4 in the PyRx software. Interactions between the ligands and residues were investigated using LIGPLOT+ 2.2. The In-silico analysis of the ten candidate compounds revealed that (20R, 22R)-5beta, 6beta-Epoxy-4beta, 12beta, 20-trihydroxy-1-oxowith-2-en-24-enolide expressed the lowest binding energy value, which is -10.4 kcal/mol, indicated the closest binding energy value to Lapatinib as the control. Based on the interaction of amino acids, (20R,22R)-5beta, 6beta-Epoxy-4beta, 12beta, 20-trihydroxy-1-oxowith-2-en-24-enolide has excellent potential to be utilized as next inhibitor com- pound candidates for EGFR protein, because it binds to the Lys745 residue. It mirrors the positive control and has a binding energy on the range of the specified acceptable parameters.


Тhis thesis is concerned with further development and improvement of mathematical model of an engine electrotechnical complex of mine, based on use of the differential equations describing its structural elements and being distinctive from others by covering behavior of variables and other important factors, as follows: variable referring to emergency conditions caused by phase-to-phase short circuits and earth leakages; factors causing back-to-network power generation produced by induction motors, including its conditions prior to and after the protective disconnection of power supply de-energizing has occurred; as well as variables of the protection circuits intended for break-ing possible distribution circuits for the induction-motor generated power. New method of de-energizing control of the mine section electrotechnical complex distinctive with ability to interrupt to power generated by each induction motors as a result of an appropriate alarm signal occurrence at the point of connection between the stator's winding and its normally earthed body by creating there a one-pole conductivity of a limited time-length, caused by the earth leakages involved. Corre-lation of amount of electricity within the earth-leakage circuit with the conductivity of independent means of cable damage indication, and with the switching rate of protection devices intended for interruption of circuits of motor-generated power supply with consider the durability of protection and current-control functions of the earth-leakage protection device has been taken into account.


Objective To compare survival and appropriate therapy between patients undergoing cardioverter defibrillator implantation for primary and secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death(SCD).Methods Patients undergoing implantation of implanted cardioverter defibrillator(ICD) or cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator function(CRT-D) were consecutively recruited,and were divided into two groups based on the prevention of SCD.Survival and appropriate therapy were recorded and compared between groups,with assessment of predictors of survival and appropriate therapy after ICD implantation.Results A total numbers of 124 patients were enrolled,including 63 for primary and 61 for secondary prevention.There was no significant difference in survival curve (P=0.095) between the two groups.More patients of secondary prevention received appropriate therapies(7.9% vs 31.2%,P0.01),and there was significant difference in appropriate therapy curve between the two groups(P=0.014).NT-proBNP level was the only predictor of survival(HR=8.81,P=0.047) and QRSd for appropriate therapy after ICD implantation(HR=1.24,P=0.020) respectively.Patients of secondary prevention received earlier appropriate therapy in the subgroup of QRS duration(QRSd)≥120 ms(P=0.027),while there was no difference in the subgroup of QRSd120 ms(P=0.242).Conclusions There is no difference in survival between patients of cardioverter defibrillator implantation for primary and secondary prevention of SCD;patients treated for secondary prevention receive earlier appropriate therapy,which is more contributed by patients with QRSd≥120 ms before implantation.


Let n be a composite integer >= 48. Prove that between nand S(n) there exist at least 5 prime numbers. Solution: T. Yau proved that Smarandache function has the following property: S(n) <= n/2 for any composite number n >= 10, because: if n = pq, with P < q and (p, q) = 1, then: S(n) = max {S(p), S(q)} = S(q) <= q = nip <= n/2; if n = pAr, with p prime and r integer >= 2, then: S(n) <= pr <= (pA r)/2 = n/2. (Inequation pr <= (pA r)/2 doesn't hold: for p = 2 and r = 2, 3; as well as for p = 3 and r = 2; but in either case n = pAr is less than 10. For p = 2 and r = 4, we have 8 <= 16/2; therefore for p = 2 and r >= 5, inequality holds because the right side is exponentially increasing while the left side is only linearly increasing, i.e. 2r <= (2 A r)/2 for r >= 4 (1) Similarly for p = 3 and r >= 3, i.e. 3r <= (3 A r)/2 for r >= 3. (2) Both of these inequalities can be easily proved by induction. For p = 5 and r = 2, we have 10 <= 25/2; and of course for r >= 3 inequality 5r <= (5 A r)/2 will hold. If P >= 7 and r = 2, then p2 <= (p A 2)/2, which can be also proved by induction.) Stuparu proved, using Bertrand/Tchebychev postulate/theorem, that there exists at least one prime between nand n/2 {i.e. between nand S(n)}. But we improve this if we apply Breusch's Theorem, which says that between nand (9/8)n there exists at least one prime. Therefore, between nand 2n there exist at least 5 primes,


Material growth and device fabrication: The materials used in this study are grown in a Thomas Swan close-coupled showerhead (CCS) metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) reactor with a 7 � 2 inch diameter wafer capacity. Trimethylgallium (TMGa), trimethylindium (TMIn), and high-purity ammonia (NH3 )a re used as the primary sources, while disilane (Si2H6) and bis-cyclopenta- dienylmagnesium (Cp2Mg) are the n-type and p-type dopant sources, respectively. All devices are grown on a 2.5 mm-thick high- temperature (Tg ¼ 1050 � C) GaN layer, which is grown with an � 20 nm low-temperature (Tg ¼ 550 � C) GaN buffer layer on a (0001) sapphire substrate. The layer structure of the InGaN=GaN HBT used in this study is shown in Table 1, and includes compositional grading in the emitter to eliminate any conduction band spikes, as well as to enhance the valence band barrier to holes. The graded region between the base and collector is n-type doped as a means of compensating polarisation charges that arise from compositional grading. The indium mole fraction was determined using X-ray diffraction rocking curve measurements. The hole concentration in the p þ InGaN base layer, as determined from Hall measurements, was found to be 2.5 � 10 18 cm � 3 , with a mobility of 3c m 2 =V-s at room temperature. SIMS profiles of this wafer show a Mg concentration of (Mg) � 3 � 10 19 cm � 3 . It should be noted that the base layer is designed with a slight reverse grade, with 3% indium mole fraction at the collector side of the base, graded to 4% at the emitter, in order to suppress defect formation and improve the epitaxial material quality. This grade is in the direction opposite to that desired to increase current gain.


The aim of this research is to analyze the efficiency of Corn Production. Cobb-Douglas production function exhibited in this research. To estimate the Cobb-Douglas production frontier, the linear programing method was used.   Data attained from "KUAT" Rasau Jaya Complex. There were 46 farmers as sample for this research. The results of regression analysis are: (1) Labor; (2) Shield; (3) KCL and (4) Pesticides have positive impact to Corn Production.


This article investigates how the 'family' metaphor in Deuteronomy may be a medium for providing protective solidarity for those without subsistence and kin connection and how this may also play a role in fusing the identity of the 'nation' as the people of Yahweh. It first explores the nature of kinship in Israel, focusing on the mutability of kinship. An exegesis of six texts follows, which seeks to discern dynamics of solidarity and responsibility. Deut 10.16-17 demonstrates the connection between religion and identity and kinship. Through the festival calendar (Deut 16.1-17), the weakest are being enfolded as kindred. In a covenant renewal text, the metaphor of 'family' brings cohesion to a partially diffuse people group (Deut 29.9-14). Deut 31.9-13 produces solidarity between the household, the clan, and the 'nation'. The social laws required Yahweh's people to take responsibility, as kinsfolk, for those who were without the kinship protection.


The global drug situation reform attempts Bangladesh national drug policy 1982 a storm unleashed achievements and limitations WHO's role - ambiguity and contradictions not the end of the story.


Introduction: It has been proposed that advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are contributory factors in diabetic nephropathy (DN) pathogenesis. Interventions regarding restriction dietary AGEs (dAGEs) intake indicate improvement in clinical outcomes. Objectives: The present study aimed to compare the effects of 10-week low AGEs diet (LAGEsd) based on recommended diabetic diet (DD) versus DD alone on glycemic status, lipid profile, serum creatinine (sCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urine albumin to creatinine ratio, eGFR and urine albumin in patients with DN. Patients and Methods: This randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 62 patients with DN. Patients were assigned randomly to LAGEsd (n=31) and DD (n=31) groups for 10 weeks. All patients were prescribed calorie adjusted diet in regards to American Diabetes Association's recommendation. In addition, patients in the LAGEsd group were instructed how to reduce dAGEs intake based on established guidelines. Demographic data were collected and dietary intakes, physical activity level, fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), lipid profile, sCr, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urine albumin to creatinine ratio (Alb/Cr), and urine albumin were measured before and after of 10-weeks intervention, and compared between the two groups. Results: The results showed that dAGEs intake decreased significantly in the LAGEsd group compared with the DD group (P<0.001). In the LAGEsd group, eGFR improved significantly compared with the DD group (18.77±20.99 mL/min/1.73 m2 versus 1.57±21.06 mL/min/1.73 m2 , P=0.002); however there were no significant difference in FBS, HbA1c, lipid profile, sCr, BUN, urine Alb/Cr, and urine albumin between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: In sum, dAGEs restriction plus DD is superior to DD alone in improvement of renal function marker in patients with DD. Trial Registration: This study was registered at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (identifier: IRCT20191004044979N1, https://en.irct.ir/trial/42914, ethical code #IR.SUMS.REC.1398.798).


Experimental results of the mean flow properties of a three-dimensional jet injected from a hole located on the downstream side of a circular cylinder into a uniform flow with a wake or into a quiescent fluid are presented. With regard to half widths, Ly and Lz of the jet injected into the quiescent fluid, Lz is slightly larger than Ly. The relative similar profiles of the jets with different Reynolds numbers injected into the uniform flow differ considerably between the vertical direction, y and the horizontal direction, z. The half width L"z in this case is considerably larger than L"y in the upstream region, but two length become nearly equal in the downstream region. The isopleth of the mean velocity is shown to exhibit nonsymmetry and three dimensionality of the flow field.


ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS of the Mexican Revolution was the Constitutional Convention that met at Querétaro from December, 1916, to February, 1917. To a Mexico that had been racked since 1910 by the forces of revolution, counterrevolution, and defection, the Constituent Congress called into session by Venustiano Carranza was the fulfillment of numerous promises that had been made in various declarations and decrees issued since the promulgation of the Plan de Guadalupe.


The titled of this research is "The Regulation of Agricultural Land Conversion toResidential Area in Badung Regency". The method used in this research is empirical legalresearch with the statue approach, the fact approach and law concept analysis approach.There are problems which is how does the arrangement of agricultural land conversion toresidential area in Badung and what are trigger factors and inhibiting the conversion ofagricultural land to residential area in Badung Regency. The conclusion that can be drawnin this research is regulation of agricultural land conversion to residential area in Badungregency refers to Act No.26 of year 2007 about Spatial Planning, Regional RegulationProvince of Bali No.16 of year 2009 about the Regional Landscaping Plann the province ofBali, Regional Regulation of Badung Regency No. 26 of year 2013 about the RegionalLandscaping Plann the Badung Regency. That trigger factors the conversion ofagricultural land to residential area in Badung regency are legal substance factors,community factors and cultural factors while the inhibiting factors of the conversion ofagricultural land to residential area in Badung regency are law enforcer factors,equipment and facilities factors and cultural factor.


The characteristic of vocational education requires that vocational education has to stick to the mechanism of "school-enterprise cooperation and combining learning with working".However,the participation enthusiasm of enterprises in China is not high at present,the cause of which is that the enterprises have not better implemented the national policies about higher vocational education and have not established such educational mechanism and guarantees.Therefore the paper analyzes the problems in the process of school-enterprise cooperation and proposes some measures.


Forty-two fresh fecal samples from the Bengal tigers (n=30) and African lions (n=12) were collected during March 2018 to July 2018 from Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Safari Park, Gazipur, Dhaka. The fecal samples were processed using formol-ether concentration technique. A total of six types of parasites (egg/ cyst) were observed viz.; one protozoan (Coccidia spp.), two cestodes (Hymenolepis spp., and Diphyllobothrium spp.) and three nematodes (Ascaris spp., Toxocara spp. and hookworms). No trematodes were found during the study. Occurrence of gastrointestinal (hereafter GI) parasites recorded in tigers was 90% (n=27/30) and lions was 100% (n=12/12). The highest prevalence was of Coccidia spp. (85.71%) followed by Diphyllobothrium spp. (42.86%), Hymenolepis spp. (28.57%), Ascaris spp. (21.43%), Toxocara spp. (14.29%) and hookworms (14.29%). The prevalence of protozoans (85.71%) was higher than that of helminths (78.57%) in the hosts. On the basis of intensity of parasites, male carnivores were more susceptible to infection than females. The intensity of infection was higher in young ones as compared to adults.


Prior to the introduction of the steamboat on the Magdalena River during the 1820s, reaching Bogotá from the Caribbean coast required a two to five month journey. This trip included travelling in bongos (rafts) and traversing mountains on the backs of both men and beasts. Bogotá was the most isolated of all the Spanish viceregal capitals. No other viceroyalty was so dependent on river transportation as New Granada (now Colombia). Even by the late nineteenth century, travel within the country remained dreadfully difficult. In the best of weather most Colombian roads were barely suitable for mule traffic, and, whenever tropical rains poured, human carriers undertook the burden of transportation despite the fact that Colombia, following the newest American and European trends in transport innovations, built railroads to the point where they were the nation's leading technological import during the nineteenth century. The apparent futility of this modernization effort has led many scholars, both Colombians and non-Colombians, to conclude that Colombia moved directly from the age of the mule to that of the airplane.


Monoclonal antibodies that specifically bind to ANGPTL4 are provided. Monoclonal antibodies that neutralize at least one activity of ANGPTL4 are provided. Methods of treating a disorder of lipid metabolism using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies are provided.


Despite the fact that this is a research methods book, you should not assume that research begins with methods; it does not. Research begins with questions and researchers often care very deeply about both the questions and the potential answers. The identification of a viable research question is not, however, a straightforward process; the selection of questions is influenced by myriad factors including personal background, interest and skills, personal preference, available funding, sociopolitical factors and current trends. The primary purpose of this chapter, therefore, is to focus on how and why research questions are developed, and to encourage you to identify two or three questions against which the methods chapters that follow can be considered.


Field experiments were conducted during winter seasons of 2007-08 and 2008-09 at Norman E Borloug Crop Research Centre, Pantnagar on sandy loam soil to assess the impact of seed inoculation with phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and irrigation schedules with sprinklers on vegetable pea (Pisum sativum L.). Results revealed that yield attributes and green pod yield was not influenced significantly by PSB inoculation while irrigation schedules did. Irrigation scheduled at IW: CPE 1.0 through sprinklers produced at par green pod yield with flood irrigation at vegetative and flowering stages but recorded 19.2 and 30.9% higher green pod yield than 0.8 and 0.6 irrigation schedules. Similarly, values of yield components were also higher under this treatment. PSB inoculated treatment recorded 11.1% higher water-use efficiency than no inoculation. Among the irrigation schedules, maximum WUE was noticed with IW: CPE 0.6 treatment (97.0 kg/ ha-cm) while lowest (51.3 kg/ha-cm) was observed with flood irrigation at vegetative and flowering stages. In terms of gross, net return and B: C ratio, IW: CPE 1.0 was superior to other treatments.


Aquaponics is an integration of aquaculture and hydroponics and the naked eye cannot predict and distinguish abiotic factors specifically in the water. The study used a Costus Igneus (insulin plant) to discover if it will grow successfully in the Aquaponics setup rather than traditional soil setup and Nile tilapia for cultivating fish to promote urban farming. With the objectives of the study are to develop an array of sensors using a fuzzy logic algorithm to know the aqueous state ideal value of the system such as water temperature, electrical conductivity, pH content, dissolved oxygen and water level of the tank and sending notification and updates through Global System Communication (GSM). In the result of weekly data gathering plant height between two environments, the statistical value result to 3.728 which exceeds t-critical values of 2.228 proved monitoring of abiotic factors of Aquaponics is significantly greater than traditional soil farming.


【Objective】 A method for deriving land use information of TM image in the wind-water erosion interlaced region was discussed.【Method】 This paper employed principal component analysis combined with Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix texture analysis to abstract the land use information from the TM image in the wind-water erosion interlaced region(Yulin).The classification indexes were selected according to mean and the land use information was abstracted by hierarchical classification.【Result】 The results showed that there were significant differences among parameters of texture feature of the different land utilization.In the desertification,the mean and variance were comparatively high.The gray level was asymmetry,the contrasts between neighboring pixels were significant;while in water and irrigable land,the mean,variance was a little bit low,the grey level was symmetry;the mean,variance and gray level in the forest and dry land was between the above(desertification and water and irrigable land).【Conclusion】 Compared with the traditional classification method,the classification based on the texture analysis could acquire higher classifying precision.


Abstract : This project was designed to accomplish a systematic study of the mass-transfer behavior of chlorinated-solvent immiscible liquids in heterogeneous porous media at multiple scales, and to investigate the impact of source-zone architecture on mass discharge and plume response. The project involved both bench-scale and field-scale investigations, as well as mathematical modeling analysis. A unique component of the project involved comprehensive long-term studies conducted at a field site (the TIAA site). The analyses employed contaminant mass discharge as an integrative measure of the performance and effectiveness of remediation efforts. The standard approach of characterizing discharge at the source-zone scale was expanded to provide characterization at the plume scale, which was evaluated by examining the change in contaminant mass discharge associated with plume-scale pump-and-treat systems. This approach allows linking the impacts of source-zone remediation to effects on site-wide risk. The studies reported herein investigated the impact of source-zone remediation efforts on contaminant mass discharge and associated plume response at an unprecedented resolution and scale. The results obtained thus provide a significant, unique contribution to our understanding of source-zone dynamics and plume persistence for DNAPL sites. It is anticipated that application of the concepts and tools developed from the project to other DOD sites would provide substantial benefits, including improving the assessment and cost-effective operation of remediation systems for, and enhancing long-term management of, sites contaminated by chlorinated solvents.


Basic directions of increase of efficiency of traffic control of transport are considered on the basis of technology of aerofotozyomci of geographical data in connection with the use of programmatic tools GIS.


The monthly,seasonal and annual average temperature series,precipitation in Yongchang during 1959-2009 was analyzed using linear and polynomial regression methods. The results show that the average temperature presented increasing trend,the abrupt change occurred in 1996 for temperature. The annual precipitation also showed increase trend since 1983,and during 1992-2009 annual precipitation was 20. 6 mm more than climate average value,and abrupt change occurred in 1984 for precipitation. In the 1960s and the early of 1990s,it was relatively dry,the driest year in history occurred in this period,and during 1970-1978,1992-2009 it was relatively humid,the frost-free period prolonged since 1998,and it was gradually moving to the relatively warm and humid period.


We present multifrequency radio continuum as well as H i observations of the composite galaxy NGC 6764, which has a young, circumnuclear starburst and also harbours an active galactic nucleus (AGN). These observations have been made at a number of frequencies ranging from ∼600 MHz to 15 GHz using both the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) and the Very Large Array (VLA). They reveal the structure of the bipolar bubbles of non-thermal radio emission which are along the minor axis of the galaxy and extend up to ∼1.1 and 1.5 kpc on the northern and southern sides, respectively. Features in the radio bubbles appear to overlap with filaments of Hα emission. The high-resolution observations reveal a compact source, likely to be associated with the nucleus of the galaxy, and a possible radio jet towards the south–west. We have compiled a representative sample of galaxies with bubbles of non-thermal radio emission and find that these are found in galaxies with an AGN.

The H i observations with the GMRT show two peaks of emission on both ends of the stellar bar and depletion of H i in the central region of the galaxy. We also detect H i in absorption against the central radio peak at the systemic velocity of the galaxy. The H i absorption spectrum also suggests a possible weak absorption feature blueshifted by ∼120 km s−1, which requires confirmation. A similar feature has also been reported from observations of CO in emission, suggesting that the circumnuclear starburst and nuclear activity affect the kinematics of the atomic and molecular gas components, in addition to the ionized gas seen in Hα and [N ii].


There is controversy on whether generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) constitute the same or separate disorders. This study sought to examine the factor structure of the DSM‐IV diagnostic criteria of GAD and MDD and the patterns of comorbidity associated with both disorders.


Notwithstanding the lack of empirical support for its positive socio-psychological effects, numerous educators and welfare workers make use of martial arts in their work with socially vulnerable youth. Using qualitative methodology, the aims, approaches and personal experiences were analysed of teachers and co-ordinators involved in specific martial arts programmes (n=12) for disadvantaged youth in Flanders (Belgium). Results revealed that although all respondents were very positive with regard to the effects of their programmes on the youngsters they work with, most would not regard these as different from the effects resulting from regular participation in sport or other social activities. Martial arts were selected because of their specific attraction to youth. Findings also showed that great importance was attached to the type of guidance used.


According to common conception, laws should make actors internalize all the costs and benefits of their actions to make them behave efficiently. This article shows that even when only partial internalization is possible, private law can create efficient incentives by ensuring that each actor internalizes an identical proportion of the costs and benefits.This proportional internalization principle has profound implications. In tort law, it offers a new mechanism for dividing liability between multiple parties. In contract law, it suggests a new default rule for joint ventures. And, in restitution law, it presents an alternative doctrinal formulation for restitution for unrequested benefit.


Tailor rolled laminate blanks(TRLB) belongs to a new-type material and is the synthesis technology combined tailor rolled blank(TRB) with laminate material. For the sake of ensuring TRLB curve and combined strength, improving the quality and precision of model, the corresponded rolling model of TRLB is put forward, integrated with the mathematics model, virtual simulated technology and AI. The network model of integrated control and the frame model of thickness control are presented. Finally, the keys technologies of TRLB forming such as die design, spring precision control and multi-domains cooperation simulation analysis are discussed. The results offer the technical support for TRLB preparation and promotes the application of TRLB in Automotive Body.


Variation in soil nutrients (organic matter, alkalytic N, readily available P and readily available K) in the plow layer in soils of Jizhou City was studied and analyzed for causes. And on such a basis, countermeasures were brought forth.


The author examined predictive relations among South Korean high school students' (N = 753) perceptions of their social-psychological environments, personal motivational beliefs, and academic behavior in math. Students' perceptions of their both classroom mastery and performance goal structures predicted their personal mastery goals. Perceptions of parent-child relationships and a classroom performance-goal structure predicted performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals. Students' personal motivational beliefs functioned as mediators between their perceptions of social-psychological contexts and their academic behavior. Perceptions of parental support, conflict with parents, and a classroom performance-goal structure were common direct and indirect predictors of help-seeking avoidance and cheating via personal performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals, respectively. Self-efficacy mediated all relations between contextual perceptions and academic behavior.


- Popularity of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is increasing continuously in different fields, as they provide efficient method of collecting valuable data from the surroundings for use in different applications. Routing in WSNs is the vital functionality that allows the flow of information generated by sensor nodes to the base station, while considering the severe energy constraint and the limitations of computational and storage resources. Indeed, this functionality may be vulnerable and must be in itself secured, since conventional routing protocols in WSNs provide efficient routing techniques with low power consumption, but they do not take into account the possible attacks. As sensor nodes may be easily captured and compromised, the classical cryptographic solutions become insufficient to provide optimal routing security, especially, for cluster-based WSNs, where cluster heads can be still among the compromised nodes. In this paper, we have proposed a light-weight IDS to detect black hole attack for OEERP protocol.


To evaluate pregnancy outcomes in relation to antirheumatic treatment before and during pregnancy, as a proxy of disease severity in pregnant women with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), compared to those without PsA.


The left atrial septal pouch (LASP) is formed by the caudal fusion of the area of overlap of the septum primum and the septum secundum, leaving an opening toward the left atrium. The association between LASP and stroke has not been validated by the previous studies.


By relying on ideas and knowledge from human resources as the main key in driving economic activity, economic activity is required to intensify information and creativity to support the flow of creative industries. Because they control and oversee family finances, housewives are usually important members of society. Due to various constraints, such as family finances, caring for the family at home, etc., housewives cannot fully realize their ability to support the family's economy. However, there are problems, especially the dynamics of the world economy that are constantly changing, which also have an impact on Indonesia, which is also experiencing an economic crisis. In addition, this has an impact on uncertain and unpredictable market conditions. Even though people's purchasing power has fluctuated, this industry continues to thrive and even seems to be growing. The Industrial Revolution 4.0 which led to advances in science and technology and changed human perceptions of life, also had an impact on world economic development. The purpose of this research is to expand the business of housewives so they can build an independent society.


We report on the fabrication and measurement of ultrathin a-Si solar cells with plasmonic back contacts composed of nanopattern dendritic/shrub-like Ag nanostructures that exhibit enhanced short circuit densities compared cells with flat back contacts. The morphology of the Ag nanostructure can be well controlled by the reaction time. When the proposed structure was used in the solar cell. The back-reflector of solar cell can be well designed by various Ag nanostructures and periods. A one-dimension shrub-like Ag nanostructure with spacing of 600 nm, exhibited a 14 % increase in short-circuit current density and a 20% increase in energy conversion efficiency are observed. This study indicates that the dendritic/shrub-like Ag nanostructure can be applied as a enhancing conversion configuration for ultrathin a-Si solar cells.


Modern lowland river systems show transitions in flow characteristics near coastlines that lead to systematic changes in sediment deposition and stratigraphic architecture. Sensitivity of fluvial morphodynamics to base-level has important implications for the prediction and interpretation of fluvial stratigraphy, particularly in deposits formed during periods of relative sealevel rise such as the early Holocene. Improving our understanding of how fluvial stratigraphy is created and preserved in such environments is crucial to paleoenvironmental reconstruction, sand resource estimation, and mapping subsurface facies distributions. A significant challenge has been capturing the spatiotemporal evolution of such systems on long timescales (centuries to millennia), often due to poor data coverage and resolution. Here we investigate the offshore stratigraphic architecture of the Trinity coastal river system, Texas. The paleo-valley is interpreted to have formed during the last lowstand and filled by backstepping fluvial-deltaic and estuarine sediments


Protein Kinase G (PKG) is a critical mediator of nitric oxide signaling which regulates cardiovascular homeostasis. It has been shown that PKG‐I−/− mice exhibit impaired nitric oxide/cGMP‐dependent vasorelaxation and systemic hypertension. However, it remains unknown whether PKG‐I deficiency induces pulmonary hypertension. Here we characterize the hypertensive pulmonary phenotype in PKG‐I−/− mice and delineate the underlying molecular basis. We observed significant increases in RVSP and muscularization of distal pulmonary vessels in PKG‐I−/− mice. Microangiography revealed impaired integrity of the pulmonary vasculature in PKG‐I−/− mice. Mechanistically, phosphorylation of RhoA Ser188 was significantly decreased resulting in Rho kinase activation in PKG‐I−/− lung tissues. Intra‐tracheal administration of fasudil, a Rho kinase inhibitor reversed the hypertensive pulmonary phenotype in PKG‐I−/− mice. The clinical relevance of the data was indicated by the observation that PKG‐I protein levels were drastically decreased in lung tissues from patients with severe pulmonary fibrosis. Together, these data show that PKG‐I deficiency induces pulmonary hypertension through Rho kinase activation. Inhibition of Rho kinase may represent an effective approach for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in patients. This work was supported by NIH grant R01 HL 085462 to YYZ.


CHLORELLIN, AN antibiotic substance or complex of substances active against a number of Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria has been extracted from cultures of Chlorella in inorganic nutrient solutions (Pratt et al., 1944) and some of its biological properties have been described (Pratt, 1942, 1943). To date, however, the yields of chlorellin have been relatively small. The present study was undertaken, therefore, to ascertain the course of accumulation of this antibiotic agent in growing cultures of Chlorella vulgaris with a view to determining the age at which the maximum quantity of the active compound may be obtained from the external solution. MATERIALS AND METHODS.-The organism used in these studies was Chlorella vulgaris. The cells were cultured as described previously (Pratt, 1943) in 500 ml. Florence flasks, each of which contained 300 ml. of nutrient solution. The initial density of population in each culture was 100 cells/cu.mm. At suitable intervals during a period of nearly two months, duplicate cultures were prepared for testing as follows:


This study is a part of a larger project where the aim has been to evaluate different methods to assure the quality in stallion semen, due to the fact that some stallions in horse breeding have poor semen quality. The increased use of transport semen requires new methods to ensure good semen quality.

In this part of the project the viability and concentration in fresh and cooled semen was examined with NucleoCounter SP-100. A comparison between two different commercially available semen extenders, Kenney's and INRA 96, was made. The selection method Single Layer Centrifugation (SLC) was used in the study and the spermatozoal viability was compared between the selected and unselected semen. Since the NucleoCounter SP-100 is a relatively new machine a comparison was also made with flowcytometry regarding viability. Concentration measured with NucleoCounter SP-100 was compared by the use of manual counting with the Burker chamber.

The results show that no statistical difference was detected between the two different extenders regarding spermatozoal viability. On the other hand SLC had a statistically positive effect on the viability of the spermatozoa over time (p < 0,0001). A significant interaction was noticed between semen extender (Kenney's och INRA 96) and handling of semen (unselected and selected). Viability was best conserved in Kenney's selected and INRA 96 selected had the next best ability to conserve viability over time. Kenney's unselected had the lowest result of viability over time.

The comparison between NucleoCounter SP-100 and flowcytometry regarding spermatozoal viability didn't show any correlation. In this part of the study only 19 ejaculates were included and a greater number of stallions and ejaculates should be used for more accurate results.

Concerning the concentration measurement, the NucleoCounter SP-100 correlated very well with Burker chamber (r = 0,93) and the significance was high
(p < 0,0001).

The results show that SLC has a good effect on sperm viability over time while choice of semen extender does not have any significant effect. NucleoCounter SP-100 could be used at the studs for concentration measurement but regarding viability, a larger study should be made to evaluate the NucleoCounter machine.


Background and Purpose: The study examines the effect of fund management companies' (FMCs) attributes on FMC performance in the four countries with the largest number of Islamic funds from 2007 to 2018. Methodology: The study uses pooled regression analysis on 70 FMCs, comprising Saudi Arabia (25), Malaysia (20), Indonesia (14) and Pakistan (11). The sample is further divided into FMC with Islamic funds focused (IFFMC) and conventional funds focused (CFFMC). Findings: Only past flows are insignificantly related to performance. Both proxies for size positively relate to returns, but only in the case of Saudi Arabia. In Pakistan, performance improves with assets under management (AUM), while in Malaysia and Indonesia, an increasing number of funds negatively relate to performance. A relatively high number of better performing funds positively affect FMC and vice versa. Additionally, there are significant differences in the factors determining IFFMC and CFFMC performance, with the number of funds and AUM positively affecting the performance of IFFMC but not CFFMC. Poorly performing funds adversely affect CFFMC but not IFFMC. Contributions: This study provides useful information for investors using a top-down approach to FMC then fund selection, and for managers in evaluating the impact of factors like FMC scale and Journal of Nusantara Studies 2022, Vol 7(1) 114-141 ISSN 0127-9386 (Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss1pp114-141 115 scope on performance. The impact of these attributes differs between CFFMCs and IFFMCs which lies in the performance differences commonly observed, at the FMC and fund level.


The digitalisation of labour law in this article is considered as a process of adapting labour relations to the requirements of the digital economy. The main directions of the evolution of the legal regulation of this type of social relations are identified. It is noted that these areas are multidirectional, but in any case, they are relatively new as a subject of legal regulation. Particular attention is paid to the specifics of working through digital platforms. The main consequences of digitalisation in the context of the transformation of labour relations are considered. In particular, the growth of atypical labour relations is noted, changes in approaches to labour protection and personal rights of an employee, to the maintenance of personnel documentation and the protection of personal data of employees are analysed, attention is drawn to the problems of distinguishing between working time and rest time, "erosion" of collective labour relations, labour precarisation.


Abstract Thermal fatigue damage of high-temperature titanium alloys is of great concern for severe temperature-fluctuating environment, and the thermal fatigue crack initiation stage plays a crucial role in thermal fatigue life. In present study, thermal fatigue tests keeping 55 seconds at 700 °C followed by water cooling 15 seconds at 20 °C were performed for the laser deposited high-temperature titanium alloy Ti60A (Ti5.54Al3.38Sn3.34Zr0.37Mo0.46Si). Thermal fatigue cracks initiate after 800 thermal fatigue cycles with a length of 20 µm. Subsequently numerous cracks grow to 500 µm and cause severe degradation after 1000 cycles. To investigate the crack initiation behavior, microstructural changes during thermal fatigue process were examined by OM, SEM, EPMA and TEM. Thermal fatigue cracks initiate preferably at grain boundaries, α/β interfaces, microvoids, and abnormal coarsened α produced by oxygen interstitial solution. Mechanisms of thermal fatigue crack initiation are related to compatibility of local deformation and microstructural changes during thermal fatigue process.


Judith Plaskow's life work is governed by one overarching and purposeful vision: to create a feminist Judaism. This mission has been articulated in numerous essays and public addresses but its most systematic expression is Plaskow's Standing Again at Sinai: Judaism from a Feminist Perspective . The feminist critical engagement with Jewish theology, however, does not begin with exposition of Jewish sacred texts in an attempt to fathom what they say and what they mean. Rather, the feminist theological critique begins with historiography, precisely because human beings are temporal beings who live in history. The creation of feminist Judaism required the reinterpretation of the three pillars of Judaism: Torah, Israel, and God. The ability to choose how to express one's innate sexuality stands at the heart of Plaskow's inclusive social vision that seeks to carve space for sexually marginalized, oppressed, or denigrated groups in Jewish society. Keywords: feminist Judaism; Judith Plaskow


This article analyzes the types and contents of political instructors' medium quality in new-medium era,and studies the inter-disciplinary and multi-dimensional values of promoting their medium quality from the perspectives of cultural studies,political studies,sociology,as well as educational sciences.


The present invention discloses a health-care five-cereal health preserving powder for middle and old aged people, and the raw powder recipe consists of the following components in parts by weight: 20-40 grams of soybeans, 45-55 grams of coix chinensis, 75-88 grams of oats, 24-33 grams of Chinese wolfberry fruits, 42- 56 grams of red dates, 20-32 grams of black beans, 70-85 grams of black rice, 52-64 grams of Chinese yams, 56-70 grams of black sesame seeds, 55-68 grams of flaxseeds and 32-45 grams of cicer arietinum. The provided health-care five-cereal health preserving powder for middle and old aged people has easily obtained raw materials and a rational combination, has middle and old aged people health-care, health preserving and body strengthening, and intelligence improving and blood supplementing efficacies, and is appropriate for nutritional supplements for middle and old aged people.


E.K. Chambers's famous, four-volume study of The Elizabethan Stage is one of the books that has shaped our received wisdom concerning early modern drama as a set of institutions and practices. But for scholars of my generation — and especially for those, like me, who write about plays but are not primarily historians of theatre — its precise shaping influence upon disciplinary commonsense may no longer be obvious. I read Chambers in graduate school, and have subsequently consulted him on occasion, but I would not be able to produce off the top of my head a list of the things I think I know about Elizabethan drama that originated with The Elizabethan Stage. One of the great pleasures of W.R. Streitberger's meticulously researched historical study of the Elizabethan masters of the revels is that it simultaneously makes aspects of our field's debt to Chambers visible and subjects many of the verities received from him to rigorous, revisionary scrutiny. In particular, as Streitberger shows, Chambers's understanding of the role of the revels office and its relationship to the flourishing of commercial theatre in Elizabethan London was distorted by a teleological idea of social evolution in which 'the mimetic instinct, deep rooted in the psychology of the folk' finds its way, with a nudge from a centralizing and bureaucratizing Tudor court, towards its 'ultimate entrenchment of economic independence'.1 The Masters of the Revels and Elizabeth I's Court Theatre offers, instead, a history of the Elizabethan Revels Office and its relation to commercial drama based upon an idea of the court as a dynamic institutional amalgam that develops in an ad hoc manner to cope with changing circumstances: the office of the master of the revels, which had been created as part the Henrician privy chamber, had to be reimagined under Elizabeth, whose privy chamber of course was staffed by women. Never a sinecure, the mastership of the revels thereafter required managerial and dramaturgical abilities as well as the savoir faire, elite social status, and patronage connections that would previously have been automatic for a gentleman of the privy chamber under Henry VIII. So, Streitberger argues, Edmund Tilney was chosen for the mastership in 1578 over Thomas Blagrave (a key figure in the mid-Elizabethan reorganization of the revels office, and one who had been who had been producing the revels with the earl of Sussex since 1573) because


Scalable video codec for use in teleconferencing systems and applications that heterogeneous endpoints / recipient and is hosted on the network environment is provided. Scalable video codecs, the coded representation of the source video signal, provided by a plurality of times, quality, and spatial resolution.


Risk management is a preponderant factor for the survival of any business. Traditionally, banks provide credit and market risk exposure data to support the understanding of their risk profile. However, they are also exposed to other kinds of risks, such as the operational risk, which can significantly impair future performance and even lead them to bankruptcy. This reveals the importance of disclosing this information with a view to market discipline. In an attempt to protect the financial system from negative results of risks inherent to its activities, the Basel Committee published the New Capital Accord, set to go into effect at the end of 2006, when financial institutions will have to obey some minimum standards of risk management, which includes the operational risk. This article aims to analyze operational risk assessment and management in a large financial institution, detecting measuring and analysis instrument and the stage of development regarding operational risk management. Therefore, the Case Study methodology was used and evidence was obtained through documentation, file records, interviews and direct observation. The results suggest that the examined bank has reached an intermediary stage in operational risk administration, although it is developing techniques and processes to adapt to the supervisory bodies' demands as well as to improve its results.


According to happiness economics theory,when the quality of life increases to a certain extent,there will be weak correlation between the quality of life and happiness.The quality of life is not the only factor,while the perfectness of life also influences happiness.By focusing on the dualism of happiness,we can catch a better understanding of social responsibility.


Research remote face recognition optimization.Randomness exists in remote face image acquisition process,causing incomplete images.Traditional methods rely on local details characteristics,and can not accurately identify faces.The paper proposed a face recognition methods based on characteristic transformation.First,according to the two-dimensional features matrix of faces,a singular value matrix was structured.Then,iterative decomposition method was adopted to transform part of two-dimensional features into three-dimensional characteristics.Fally,the three-demensional characteristics cooperated with two-dimensional features were use for the identification.The experimental results show that the method can accurately identify remote partial face image.


This thesis explores and studies the reasons of the unprevailing of Chinese antiquity myth at four stages: pre-language stage, striving for survival were the focus of people's life; post-language stage, the focus of people's life turned to how to strive for survival; the pre-character stage, world-advanced technology brought people easier life; and post-character stage, social reality made the myth change to ridiculous legend.


Spermidine/spermine N1‐acetyltransferase (SSAT) is the rate‐limiting step in polyamine catabolism. In a previous study, we constructed a recombinant adenovirus, Ad‐SSAT, which can express human SSAT. In the present study, we investigated the effect of upregulated and downregulated SSAT on gastric cancer cells. We found that upregulated SSAT could inhibit the growth of MGC803 and SGC7901 cells, whereas adverse results were found with downregulated SSAT. We further analyzed cell cycle profiles and the expression levels of the major cell cycle regulatory proteins of S phase. The results showed that the growth inhibition was caused by S phase arrest. Ad‐SSAT suppressed the expression of cyclin A and nuclear factor E2F1 in MGC803 and SGC7901 cells. We observed the E2F promoter activity caused by Ad‐SSAT using a reporter gene assay. We also investigated the antitumorigenicity of upregulated SSAT by Ad‐SSAT using a SGC7901 xenograft model in nude mice. Our results suggest that the upregulation of SSAT by Ad‐SSAT infection inhibited the growth of gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo. Ad‐SSAT arrested gastric cancer cells in S phase, which was mediated through downregulation of the cyclin A‐E2F signaling pathway. (Cancer Sci 2009); 000: 000–000


Annotation This work is engaged in geography education as part of foreign language education with a special focus on intercultural access. There is implemented a ten - hour educational totality on an example of Federal Republic of Germany that was composed on the basis of questionnaire submitted to the students, intended on detection the knowledge background in Germany and interests in concrete topics.