125 Background: Although PARP inhibitors are currently being tested in clinical trials in breast cancer patients, it is not well understood which subgroup of patients will best respond to such therapy or how to combine anti-PARP therapy to improve therapeutic response.

METHODS
We assessed the response of a panel of 8 HER2-negative breast cancer cell lines against three PARP inhibitors: veliparib, olaparib, and BMN 673. Efficacy of carboplatin as a single agent and in combination with PARP inhibitors was determined. Therapeutic response and cellular phenotype were elucidated using live-cell imaging, high-content imaging and immunofluorescence. We computed IC50 as the measure of sensitivity to each PARP inhibitor across the panel of cell lines. Cellular phenotype was ascertained by quantifying endpoints for apoptosis and DNA damage.

RESULTS
BMN 673 demonstrated the highest potency, with IC50 values in the nanomolar range, while the IC50 values of olaparib and veliparib were in the micromolar range. Drug sensitivity was independent of BRCA mutational status. Biomarkers of apoptosis and DNA damage varied with the PARP inhibitor and across different cell lines. The resistant cell lines could be classified into two groups that varied in DNA damage response and cell death due to DNA damage. A combined DNA damage - cell death (DDD) Response Score was developed and correlated strongly with IC50 values in BRCA wild-type breast cancer cell lines. The DDD Response Score identified cell lines that were highly sensitive to single-agent PARP inhibitors or carboplatin. A Response Score that identified intermediate sensitivity may predict which cell lines may benefit from the combination of anti-PARP therapy and carboplatin.

CONCLUSIONS
Overall, a spectrum of response to three different PARP inhibitors was identified in a panel of eight breast cancer lines. Cellular phenotype can help classify resistant cancer cell lines. We have developed an experimental approach that may help to inform which breast cancer subtypes may benefit from PARP inhibitors and carboplatin, both as single agents, and in combination.


Various strategies are described for the bio-functionalization of solid substrates by design of interfacial architectures. The first approach is based on the self-assembly process of long-chain thiol molecules from solution to a (noble) metal surface. If some of these building blocks carry a binding site (ligand) for proteins (receptors, antibodies, etc.) the metal surface can be tailored for maximum specific binding while simultaneously minimizing nonspecific adsorption.

The second concept is based on polymers that are covalently attached to (oxide) surfaces. The preparation of these (end-) grafted functional polymers involves either the binding of preformed macromolecules to corresponding sites at the surface of the support or the recently introduced "grafting-from" method, by which an initiator molecule is first covalently bound to the surface and then activated — either by heat or light — in the presence of suitable monomer units such that a polymer chain grows from the solid/solution interface.

Finally, the functionalization of patterned surfaces by peptide chains that mimic the binding domains of cell adhesion proteins is summarized. It is demonstrated that not only the selective adhesion of neuronal cells can then be controlled, but also their development with the outgrowth of dendrites and axons.


Grafting of maleic anhydride onto polypropylene was performed in a Haake torque rheometer, in the presence of organically modified montmorillonite, MMT (used as support for the peroxide), according to a 23 factorial design, where the maleic anhydride concentration (CMA), peroxide concentration (Cper) and reaction time (tr) were varied. For comparison, the reaction in the absence of MMT was also conducted. Polypropylene degradation was assessed by parallel plate rheometry and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and percentage of reacted maleic anhydride (%MAg) was obtained by titration and FTIR spectroscopy. The results showed differences in both systems, conventional and in the presence of MMT. The structure of polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride, PP-g-MA, indicates longer branches are formed in the presence of MMT compared to in its absence, demonstrated by FTIR analysis. As in conventional reaction systems, an increase in Cper caused an increase in %MAg and a reduction in molar mass. The variable CMA showed to be not significant in the grafting reaction in the presence of MMT, even at high DCP levels, at a 5% significance level. On the other hand, increase in CMA resulted in significant increase in viscosity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44134.


As part of a systematic, quantitative study of the angle dependence of core-level-electron excitation by electron impact, we have determined the generalized oscillator strength (GOS) for the carbon 1{ital s}(2{sigma}{sub {ital g}}{r arrow}2{pi}{sub {ital u}}) transition in CO{sub 2}. The experimental results were obtained at an impact energy of 1290 eV, in the angular range of 2{degree}--14{degree}, with an energy resolution of 0.9 eV. Theoretical values for the GOS were also obtained, using {ital ab} {ital initio} Hartree-Fock molecular wave functions and allowing for the relaxation of all the molecular orbitals in the determination of the excited-state wave function.


From the late Qing Dynasty to Tang and Song Dynasty the word "very" was mainly used as an adjective. Since the middle ancient times," very" is used as the word "ruthless". After Yuan and Ming dynasty, in the structure of the "very / ruthless + adjective" the position of "very" and "ruthless" become unbalanced gradually. Semantically in the structure "very / ruthless + adjective" the adjective was the head and "very / ruthless" got modify meaning. Grammatically the adjective was mostly used as predicate and the words "very/ruthless" were used as adverbial. In Qing dynasty, the use of "very/ruthless" as adverbs of degree had been much more than that as adjectives. Hereafter "very/ruthless" were showed respectively with "very" and "ruthless" again, and "ruthless" is used as an adjective and "very" an adverb of degree. In modern contemporary Chinese the adverb of degree "very" is further weakened as an adverb indicating mood.


On the basis of method of splitting into physical processes the numerical method is suggested for investigation of convective fluid flows. It is characterized by energetic neutrality of velocity field. The splitting into two steps (convection and diffusion) is developed in convection equations written in original variables. Convection step is realized for the velocity. The conversion to new functions (vorticity and stream function) is used on the diffusion step. It eliminates the pressure gradient calculation and guarantees the solenoidality of velocity vector. The method is tested on the well-known problems on free convection in square cavity with one-side heating.


We investigate several exactly solvable models of multiple quantum (MQ) NMR dynamics. We study MQ NMR dynamics of one-dimensional systems (chains and rings) and nano-voids filled with spin-carrying atoms or molecules in a strong external magnetic field. Our focus is the problem of the profile of MQ NMR coherences (i.e., the dependence of the intensities of MQ NMR coherences on their orders). We find that integrable one-dimensional systems exhibit peculiar behavior that does not shed much light on a more generic situation. On the other hand, important lessons can be extracted from our solution for the nano-scale systems. We find that the profile of the intensities of the MQ NMR coherences is rather expo- nential than Gaussian as was proposed earlier. We also address the cluster growth in the course of the evolution of MQ NMR coherences.


Our paper presents the results of research on the content of available phosphorus and the activity of alkaline and acid phosphatase in soil under winter triticale fertilized with cattle farmyard manure (FYM) stored in various conditions: aerobic, anaerobic, and aerobic, with burnt lime added. The experiment also involved nitrogen fertilization in the form of ammonium nitrate at various rates (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kgN·ha -1 ). The content of available phosphorus from depths of 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm in soil was 58.87 mgP·kg -1 and 53.33 mgP·kg -1 , respectively, which classifies the soil as class III with an average content of that element. We found a significant effect of the experimental factors on the content of available phosphorus. The highest content of that element was found in the soil (0-15 cm) fertilized with FYM stored under aerobic conditions with burnt lime added and non-fertilized with nitrogen (79.57 mgP·kg -1 ). With a greater soil sampling depth (15-30 cm), the content of phosphorus decreased by about 12%. The application of FYM stored under aerobic conditions with burnt lime added resulted in a significant increase in the alkaline phosphatase activity in soil (1.00 mM pNP·kg -1


OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution of beta-lactams resistance genes in multi-drug resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii.METHODS From Mar 2008 to Nov 2008,20 multi-drug resistant strains of A.baumannii were collected from Zhangjiagang No.1 Hospital,Jiangsu.Seventeen kinds of genes concerning beta-lactamases,metal beta-lactamases,carbapenems,and AmpCs were analyzed by PCR and verified by DNA sequencing.RESULTS In 20 strains of A.baumannii,15 strains(75%),3 strains(15%)and 17 strains(85%)were detected to harbor TEM,PER or ADC genes respectively,and 14 strains(70%)were detected to harbor TEM and ADC genes simultaneously.However,the other 14 kinds of genes could not be detected out.Fortunately,ADC gene in strain No.1 was a new subtype(confirmed by DNA sequencing and genomic comparison with sequence registered in NCBI),which was named ADC-like gene temporarily,and contained mutation in coden:CCA→ACA(mutation in amino acid:P→T).CONCLUSIONS Harboring TEM,PER and ADC genes in A.baumannii play the key role in resistance to beta-lactams.And this is the first report of ADC-like gene in the world.


ABSTRACT In this paper, we study some properties of the locus of zeros of the Lommel function of two variables . Furthermore, we find the regions on which the curves of zeros of lie, when ν is large.


No more pressing problem confronts the modern physician than that posed by the anticoagulant drugs. After their introduction in 1945 by Wright and colleagues for the treatment of coronary thrombosis, a lively controversy arose as to their effectiveness and safety, a controversy still raging, especially regarding the crucial problem of selection of cases. A decade later, the use of anticoagulant drugs in cerebrovascular disease was suggested. 1, 2 Thereafter, a series of articles by Millikan and his associates admirably sharpened the diagnostic criteria separating the syndromes of basilar and carotid insufficiency, emphasized the clinical features of transient ischemic episodes in both areas, and reported optimistic results of anticoagulant therapy. Neurologists and internists throughout the world began a widespread use of the method, though consent was more grudging among neurologists. The wholesome stimulation of interest brought about by this new therapy served to resurrect the cerebrovascular disorders from the grave of


The paper analyses amphoriskos-shaped glass beads from different archaeological contexts. As they reflect the complex social networks that connected different worlds, they can be used to interpret broader cultural processes – from ancient Macedonia to the Baltic, from the central Balkans to the heart of the Pannonian plain. Most importantly, we can use the finds to explain the concept of prestige in the analysis of material culture and to reconstruct the intercultural character of social elites, which created and sustained long-distance trade networks.


Dynamics of large-scale vortices are crucial for heat and mass transfer in turbulent flows. It's well known that formation of the vortices in shear flows can be affected by a low-amplitude forcing. In particular, periodical forcing is an effective method to control formation of ring-like vortices in initial region of jet flows. The present work investigates the dynamics of coherent structures in a forced jet and also in a lifted flame by a statistical tool Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD). DMD was recently developed by Schmid (J. Fluid Mech. 2010, Vol. 311, pp. 37-71) from Koopman analysis of nonlinear dynamical systems. Application of DMD to an ensemble of time-resolved Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) data provides a set of eigenvectors (dynamic modes) and the corresponding eigenvalues (spectrum), which contain valuable information about dynamic processes in the original data set. As a result, DMD identifies the dominant frequencies contained in spectrum and the associated spatial coherent structures contained in modes. Moreover, the superposition of the dominant dynamic modes allows to reconstruct a low-dimensional model of the velocity fields that can be used to describe evolution and, the most importantly, interaction of large-scale coherent structures. In the present work, a PIV system with 1.1 kHz repetition rate was used for the measurements of the instantaneous velocity fields in a turbulent jet and lifted propane-air flame. The experiments were carried out in an open combustion rig consisted of a burner, air fan, plenum chamber, premixing chamber and section for the air and fuel (propane) flowrate control. The burner represented a contracting nozzle with the exit diameter d = 15 mm. The set of the measured velocity fields was processed by DMD algorithm provided information about dominant frequencies of velocity fluctuations in different flow regions and about scales of the corresponding coherent structures. The obtained frequencies showed a good agreement with these estimated from spectra for different flow locations. Superposition of relevant DMD modes approximately described nonlinear interaction of different coherent structures, e.g., pairing of vortices can be seen in Fig. 1. The depicted low-dimensional reconstruction from three relevant DMD modes (0 Hz, 150 Hz and 300 Hz), demonstrates the formation of large-scale structures at the distance z/d ≈ 2.5 due to the pairing of smaller structures (marked by triangles) which were formed in the shear layer near the nozzle exit due to the periodical forcing of the flow with 300 Hz. 0 U × Reference Vectors


Signal enhancement is useful in many areas like social, medicine and engineering. It can be utilized in data mining approach for social and security aspects. Signal decomposition method is an alternative choice due to the elimination of noise and signal enhancement. In this paper, two different algorithms such as Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) are used. The bands are updated concurrently and adaptively in each mode. That performs better than the traditional methods for non-recursive signals. Further it has been investigated that VMD outperforms EMD due to its self-optimization methods as well as adaptively using Wiener filter. It is shown in the result section. Different noise levels as 0dB, 5dB, 10dB and 15dB are considered for input signal.


stimulus for an individual's subjective pain experience apparently perceived as occurring at a peripheral site. Therefore, in the absence of objective clinical signs of injury, one can say no more than that one suspects such an injury as being based on the work activities of the individual concerned. The authors go further, and stage the symptoms of RSI (although not the signs). Like beauty, the usefulness of assessment systems based on subjective responses to questions is surely in the eye of the beholder. I submit that such a system of staging, like muscle dynamometer testing is a pseudoscientific attempt at objectifying the problem.


Most of the IP network impairments can cause packet loss in streaming video resulting in visible picture quality degradation on receiver screen. The type and degree of degradation depends on the video packet encapsulation and encoding technique. Experiment was set up to evaluate influence of packet loss on picture quality for several video scenes. Different packet loss rate and packet loss probability distributions are used in experiment including Poisson, Gaussian and Uniform. Experiment set-up and procedure with 40 evaluators is described. There is no significant difference observed in MOS (Mean Opinion Score) values for Poisson, Gaussian and Uniform distributions for packet loss, but scores are lower with higher packet loss ratio (1% against 0.25%). IP packet loss not more than 0.25% is about an acceptable margin for video streaming. IP packet loss of 0.25% leads to MOS 2.5, which is sometimes referred to as the acceptability limit, but it is measured only as one-dimensional satisfaction. Index Terms- Video Quality Assessment, Packet Loss and Drop, Variable Bit Rate (VBR), Packet Loss Probability Distribution Poisson, Gaussian, Uniform, Streaming, Internet Protocol (IP) and Traffic, Subjective and Objective video quality, Image and video quality assessment, Perceptual quality, ACR-HR, MOS, PSNR, MSE.


Flume experiments simulating concentrated runoff were carried out on remolded silt loam soil samples (0·36 × 0·09 × 0·09 m3) to measure the effect of rainfall‐induced soil consolidation and soil surface sealing on soil erosion by concentrated flow for loess‐derived soils and to establish a relationship between soil erodibility and soil bulk density. Soil consolidation and sealing were simulated by successive simulated rainfall events (0–600 mm of cumulative rainfall) alternated by periods of drying. Soil detachment measurements were repeated for four different soil moisture contents (0·04, 0·14, 0·20 and 0·31 g g−1). Whereas no effect of soil consolidation and sealing is observed for critical flow shear stress (τcr), soil erodibility (Kc) decreases exponentially with increasing cumulative rainfall depth. The erosion‐reducing effect of soil consolidation and sealing decreases with a decreasing soil moisture content prior to erosion due to slaking effects occurring during rapid wetting of the dry topsoil. After about 100 mm of rainfall, Kc attains its minimum value for all moisture conditions, corresponding to a reduction of about 70% compared with the initial Kc value for the moist soil samples and only a 10% reduction for the driest soil samples. The relationship estimating relative Kc values from soil moisture content and cumulative rainfall depth predicts Kc values measured on a gradually consolidating cropland field in the Belgian Loess Belt reasonably well (MEF = 0·54). Kc is also shown to decrease linearly with increasing soil bulk density for all moisture treatments, suggesting that the compaction of thalwegs where concentrated flow erosion often occurs might be an alternative soil erosion control measure in addition to grassed waterways and double drilling. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


We have grown single-crystal m-plane (1100) InN films on m-plane (1100) ZnO substrates at low substrate temperatures by the use of pulsed laser deposition. X-ray diffraction and electron back-scattered diffraction measurements have revealed that pure m-plane InN grows at substrate temperatures below 300 °C. The full width at half maximum values of the X-ray rocking curves for m-plane InN grown at room temperature (RT) are as low as 0.12 and 0.12° with X-ray incidence directions normal to [0001] and [1120], respectively. Grazing-incidence X-ray reflectivity measurements have revealed that interfacial layers of greater than 5 nm in thickness are formed in the samples grown at temperatures above 300 °C, while no interfacial layers are formed between InN and ZnO at RT. The suppression of interfacial reactions by reducing the growth temperature down to RT is probably the reason for the improvements in crystalline quality that are observed.


limit for diagnosis may allow for the detection of later onset TRALI. We may have only identified severe cases, weak TRALI events could be still unperceived. Conclusion(s): Underdiagnosis occurred in our hospital, mainly due to heterogeneity of diagnostic criteria which are based on clinical aspects, frequent coexisting risk factors for ALI and complicated dif ferential diagnosis with Transfusion-associated Circulatory Overload. Active surveillance is essential to develop donor-exclusion policies. Mortality of TRALI in this population is higher than the rates reported in previous studies.


A charity is paying female drug addicts in the UK to use birth control, saying it has stopped its controversial offer to fund sterilisations.

Project Prevention, which began in the US and launched in the UK last year, says women with drug or alcohol problems will receive £200 (€233; $324) if they agree to have contraceptive implants or coils fitted.

It said the money would be paid in three instalments—£50 when the device is fitted, a further £50 after six months, and £100 if the device is still in place after a year.

According to a BBC report, 26 female addicts in Britain have already been paid.

The US charity was founded by Barbara Harris from North Carolina who adopted four children …


The present invention discloses a method used in water, the coupling of pretreated biomass ammonia reaction system, comprising a pretreatment reactor (1), ammonia solution storage tank (8), water tank (9) and the steam generator (9.2 ), pressurizing means (10), the ammonia evaporation tank (2) and the water evaporation tank (3), ammonia absorbing tank (4), I ammonia absorbing canister (6), the water absorption tank (5) and further comprising a pretreatment conducting oil reservoir tank (11), evaporated HTF can tank (12) and the canister thermal oil storage tank (13); simple structure of the present invention, to achieve a high temperature liquid ammonia coupling and efficient method pretreated biomass feedstock , to further improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the enzyme hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis difficulty greatly reduced, while achieving the chemical recycling and enrichment of ammonia, effectively reducing the cost of the pretreatment process, agriculture and forestry sugar industry waste resource utilization, while addressing the environmental problems caused by the waste.


The undersigned state and national medical associations strongly urge you to repeal the failed Medicare Sustainable Growth Rate (SGR) formula before the expiration of the current payment patch. During the 113 th Congress, the three committees of jurisdiction produced a bipartisan, bicameral SGR replacement policy with unanimous support. This accomplishment was unprecedented in the long history of efforts to eliminate the SGR. Our physician members were deeply disappointed that enactment of these policies was not achieved before the 113 th Congress adjourned. We urge you, therefore, to build upon the considerable efforts of the previous Congress and enact legislation that is consistent with those broadly supported policies. Last year's efforts to reform the Medicare physician payment system far exceeded previous attempts to repeal the flawed SGR formula. Through months of hard work, a policy was developed that won not only bipartisan congressional support but also widespread support from organized medicine. That proposal would not only eliminate the dysfunctional SGR formula, but also create new pathways for physicians to participate in alternative payment and health care delivery models that emphasize value over volume and have the demonstrated potential of reducing long-term spending growth across the Medicare program. These policies represent the most significant structural reforms to the Medicare program in many years and replicate many of the opportunities for maximizing quality and reducing costs that are being successfully implemented in the private sector. It is our fervent hope that the bipartisan, bicameral polices developed by the previous Congress will be advanced and, under your leadership, enacted into law. We urge you and all members of the House and Senate to take the necessary steps to achieve this long standing goal.


The Princes Trust is a UK charity that helps young people overcome barriers in their lives. Through practical support including training, mentoring and financial assistance, they help 14-30 year olds realise their potential and transform their lives.


Sclerosing Cholangitis is an uncommon disease which involves either all or part of the extrahepatic biliary duct system and, occassionally, affects the intrahepatic biliary radicles. The disease has also been called "obliterative cholangitis" and "stenosing cholangitis", in reference to a progressive thickening of the bile duct walls encroaching upon the lumen. Several authors have proposed that the temr "primary sclerosing cholangitis" be reserved for cases in which there arew no associated diseases, and that all other cases be classified as "secondary sclerosing cholangitis". Many rigid criterias have been established for the diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Recently the authors experienced one case of primary sclerosing cholangitis which was coincided with rigid criterias and was confirmed by operation with histologic examination. We present our case and review the literatures.


: In 2010, President SBY stated that Indonesia's foreign policy is "million friends zero enemy". This policy is meant to become a substitute for Indonesian foreign policy that has been used since the reign of President Soekarno, which is "freely active". Through this new policy put forward by President SBY, Indonesia's cultural role and identity can be seen as a country that befriends anyone and avoids enemy ownership. Since a country's foreign policy can reflect a country's culture and identity, it aims to look at the reasons, relationships, and roles of culture and national identity in shaping the policy through the level of analysis. In analyzing this policy, five variables were used to conceptualize national culture and identity, namely national self-image, religion, ideology, strategic culture, and national role conception in the international system. The purpose of this paper is to see whether the level of cultural analysis and national identity is the right level of analysis to explain the reason for the establishment of the "zero enemy enemy" policy.


A narrative is a course of real events about which we might have incomplete information. Formalisms for reasoning about action may be broadly divided into those which are narrative-based, such as the Event Calculus of Kowalski and Sergot, and those which reason on the level of hypothetical sequences of actions, in particular the Situation Calculus. This paper bridges the gap between these types of formalism by supplying a technique for linking incomplete narrative descriptions to Situation Calculus domain formulae written in the usual style using a Result function. Particular attention is given to actions with duration and overlapping actions. By illuminating the relationship between these two diierent styles of representation, the paper moves us one step closer to a full understanding of the space of all possible formalisms for reasoning about action.


The regio- and enantioselective functionalization of 1,3-dienes has become a powerful tool for the synthesis of allylic compounds, yet it remains a challenge for aliphatic dienes. Herein, we report...


The nature and extent to which tasks are used in quality writing using the Task-Based Learning and Teaching(TBLT) is important in acquisition of French language. According to the Kenya National Examination Council (KNEC) reports, performance in quality writing in French is poor maybe because teachers of French may be using TBLT only in teaching.  The purpose of this study was to assess the Task-Based Language Learning and Teaching (Actionable Perspective) of French in secondary schools in Kenya. The objective was to establish the nature and extent of TBLT use. The study was carried out in Nairobi City County where eight (8) secondary school teachers of French in Form three and one hundred and twenty-four (124) Form three students formed the study sample.  A quasi-experimental research design was used. The data collection instruments were; teachers' and learners' questionnaires and a lesson observation guide. These instruments for data collection were refined through a pilot study. Data was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using descriptive statistics (means, ranks, frequencies, percentages, standard deviation).  It was presented in frequency tables and bar charts. The findings were that TBLT was not only being used in teaching and learning but also in assessment and choice of learning resources.  The study recommended use of TBLT alongside other methods, review of text books in line with TBLT, inclusion of TBLT in the syllabus at the teacher-training colleges/universities and mentorship programs in TBLT.


Sentiment Analysis has been extensively investigated in recent years as a method of human emotions' classification to specific events, products, services etc. It is considered as a very important problem, especially for organizations or companies who want to know the consumers' view about their products and services. In combination with the evolution of social media, it has been established as an interesting domain of research. Through social media, people tend to express their opinions or feelings, such as happiness or sadness on a daily basis. Thus, the vast amount of available data has made the existing solutions inappropriate and the need for automated analysis methods is imperative. In this paper, we examine sentiment polarity analysis on Twitter data in a distributed environment, known as Apache Spark. More specifically, inspired from [23], we propose three classification algorithms for tweet level sentiment analysis in Spark due to its suitability for Big Data processing against its predecessors, MapReduce and Hadoop.


Independent assessment of the validity of the Dementia Questionnaire for Persons with Mental Retardation (DMR questionnaire) in screening for dementia in 100 adults with Down's syndrome is reported. Changes to criteria are required for use in the general Down's syndrome population. For single assessments (absolute scores) the new recommended criteria are: mild intellectual disability (ID) sum of cognitive scores (SCS) ≥ 7 and sum of social scores (SOS) ≥ 10, moderate ID SCS ≥ 25 and SOS ≥ 15, severe ID SCS ≥ 34 and SOS ≥ 15. Using the new criteria both sensitivity and specificity of new criteria were 82%. The sensitivity of longitudinal score-changes was found to be relatively low (60%), suggesting a limited role in the screening for dementia. It is concluded that the DMR questionnaire, using the modified criteria, can aid screening for dementia in the general Down's syndrome population.


Demonstration of a greater elevation in the (ideal) alveolar/arterial oxygen difference in habitually active female subjects with exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia, at equivalent submaximal levels of oxygen uptake compared to inactive controls, suggests functional or structural compromise of the blood-gas interface may occur with chronic-recurrent intensive exercise. Mechanical and/or chemically mediated pulmonary endothelial dysfunction during heavy exercise may alter vascular tone and permeability, leading to interstitial edema and accentuation of ventilation-perfusion mismatch and/or diffusion limitation. Elevated plasma levels of soluble endothelial cell adhesion molecules Eand Pselectin have been demonstrated in acute lung injury and have been used as indirect markers of endothelial activation or injury. Therefore, plasma levels of these selectins were measured by enzyme immunoassay in fourteen habitually active, eumenorrheic female subjects (mean±SD: age = 2 8 . 9 ± 5 . 5 1 ; l / 0 2 p e a k = 49.4±8.2 ml.kg".min", range 32.3 to 63.7 ml.kg".min"; TLC = 5.41±0.68 L, 101±9.3% predicted) before and after an incremental maximal exercise test during the follicular phase of their menstrual cycle (cycle day = 6.2±1.2, serum progesterone = 80+100 pmolL"). Arterial partial pressure of oxygen (Pa02) was measured and corrected for esophageal temperature, arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (%Sa02) was calculated from blood gas variables and measured with pulse oximetry, and the (ideal) alveolar/arterial oxygen gradient was calculated from the ideal gas equation. Pulmonary gas exchange efficiency was maintained at peak exercise in ten subjects, while decrements in arterial partial pressure of oxygen during exercise of greater than 1.3 kilopascals (10 mmHg) were seen in three of the remaining four subjects. One subject displayed a minimal %Sa0 2 of 94% and was included in the mild hypoxemia group. Maximum likelihood ANOVA procedures, used on account of missing data, showed significant differences between groups averaged over time for Pa0 2 (p<0.01) and %Sa0 2 (p=0.04), while the group by time interaction for the (ideal) A-aD0 2 approached significance (p=0.07). Averaged over time, changes in alveolar P0 2 , arterial PC0 2 , pH and temperature were not significantly different between groups. Plasma concentrations of soluble E-selectin were not significantly different before or after exercise (p=0.16), but plasma concentrations of P-selectin rose significantly (mean increase ± SD; 21.5±24.8 ngmL', p=0.007). No significant group by time interaction was noted in pre-post exercise concentrations of either E-selectin (p=0.74) or P-selectin


Abstract This paper attempts to investigate the problem for the interaction between a screw dislocation and a piezoelectric circular inhomogeneity with interface cracks in viscoelastic matrix. Utilizing the Laplace transform method, we find that the viscoelastic problem is first reduced to an associated elastic one. After solving the associated elastic problem through complex function method, the solution of viscoelastic problem is obtained by using the inverse Laplace transformation. The viscoelasticity of material is modeled by the combination of spring and dashpot. Particularly, the boundary value problem for standard linear solid model is solved analytically. The analytical results show that the force acting on the dislocation depends on the piezoelectric properties of inhomogeneity and interfacial crack, and the magnitude of the force evolves toward a constant value as time elapses. However, the viscoelasticity of material cannot alter the equilibrium position of the dislocation. Results presented in this paper are in agreement with the previous solution as special cases.


PURPOSE: A UGC(User Generated Content) spreading/compensating system for advertizing and recommending products and services is provided to compensate a creator and a spreader of UGC if a corresponding product or a service is purchased according to the UGC. CONSTITUTION: A UGC registering module(302) receives UGC related to products or services from a content creator. A database(304) stores the UGC, suggestion information related to the UGC, and a spread state information related to the UGC. A spread state updating module(306) updates the spread state information related to the UGC as the UGC is spread by a spreader in a network.


Summary. Red‐cell conversion of pyridoxine to pyridoxal phosphate was studied in control subjects, and patients with heterozygous and homozygous β‐thalassaemia. In 7% of control subjects the rate of pyridoxine conversion was well below the range found in the other control subjects (5.0–8.6%, mean 6.5%/g Hb × 10−2) but in heterozygous β‐thalassaemia was below that range in 63% of the patients. The conversion rate was also slow or borderline in the majority of patients with severe transfusion‐dependent homozygous β‐thalassaemia, in spite of the presence of some donor cells; but was normal, or fast as in other anaemias, in all but one patient with mild homozygous thalassaemia. There was a much higher incidence of a slow conversion rate in the parents of the severe homozygotes than in parents of the mild homozygotes, illustrating the familial pattern. This supports our view that the red‐cell conversion rate of pyridoxine is an inherited characteristic, independent of thalassaemia.


The article examines the essence of medium-term budget planning as a budget plan for forecasted activities for the medium-term period, forecasting the number of funds needed to achieve the chosen goals in the medium-term perspective. A significant difference in the approaches to interpreting budget planning and forecasting has been determined. Attention is drawn to the fact that medium-term budget planning is only a forecast and does not involve setting exact figures. In particular, the elements of medium-term budget planning based on world experience were studied, as well as the results of the targeted implementation of such a mechanism. The main reasons for the rapid implementation of the medium-term budget planning mechanism for countries with high and low-income levels are indicated. Several advantages and features were analyzed, and attention was paid to the disclosure of factors that currently hold back the mechanism of implementing medium-term budget planning in Ukraine. Therefore, the purpose of the article will be to analyze the advantages and risks of implementing the mechanism of medium-term budget planning in Ukraine, justifying the need to develop a system of strategic medium-term budget planning in Ukraine as a tool for ensuring the effectiveness and efficiency of strategic management in the context of the modernization of the public finance system in Ukraine based on the study of foreign experience and assessments of domestic scientific developments. It is justified that analyzing the advantages of the studied mechanism, it should be noted that the effective introduction of medium-term budget planning will allow Ukraine to provide financial resources for the process of fulfilling strategic state tasks, increase the stability of state finances and budget discipline, and increase the predictability and efficiency of state investments.


More than five generations of nurses have been educated and have practiced as caring professionals in Australia's recent history. Nursing education has evolved from the cultures of those who migrated to Australia over the last 200 years with very little attention being paid to the culture which developed and thrived on the continent since time began. Few of the five generations of nurses know or have sought to know about Aboriginal peoples, the original inhabitants of Australia. Contemporary education is endeavoring to address this omission, however it is attempting to do so against 200 years of institutionalized racism.


This study examined differences in understanding of Christian values between two groups of children experiencing two different learning approaches in religious education in the Catholic primary school. One learning approach used the arts as strategy. In it children expressed themselves discursively through worksheet activities: colouring in pre-designed pictures and completing written sentences, paragra:£)hs or crossword puzzles. The other approach was learning through the arts as process. In this approach children expressed themselves non-discursively through their creative products: paintings, play dough modelling and construction scenarios. Each group comprised 30 subjects who were in Year 5, and whose ages ranged from 9 to 10 years. The groups were divided into subgroups of 15 subjects. Subjects came from two schools and each school produced two types of sub-groups, an arts as strategy sub-group and an arts as process sub-group. All sub-groups were read the same eight stories about Jesus and carried out their respective tasks: subjects of the arts as strategy sub-groups completed the same worksheet on each story, while subjects in the arts as process sub-groups explored the meaning of each story through an art form. Stories werE! designated a specific art activity beforehand: painting, modelling or construction. Subjects were questioned about their work from a st~~dardised questioning format for each group. The responses were audio ·taped and became the qualitative data in the study. Quantitative data were the responses to the pretests and posttests, administered orally to each subject before and after treatment.


Nueva Loja is a town that was born in the 70s with the oil boom; It is a city in whose streets you admire a sample of the country's diversity, as its people migrated from several provinces, especially from Loja, Manabi and El Oro. Its official name is Nueva Loja and the traditional one, Lago Agrio, the same as loses among the legends and jokes of its inhabitants.
Among its main tourist attractions is the La Perla Park, spas in the Aguarico River, the Pyramids, San Miguel International Bridge, Bay Lagoon, Blue Lagoon, Loma Linda, Little Mermaid, the Cabin, Atari Community Center, Central Park, Children's Park , La Madre Park, Simon Bolivar Park, Lago Agrio Lagoon, Yanakucha Lagoon and ancestral villages such as the Kichwas.
That is why it is necessary to implement business ideas to meet the needs of tourists who like to enjoy nature. Therefore, a study has been carried out for the implementation of a Tourist Complex, which will provide recreational, lodging and food services.
In order to carry out the present work, we used methods that allowed the development of the research in an orderly and sequential manner, within these we have: inductive, deductive, analytical, historical-logical and statistical, likewise techniques were used, such as the bibliographic review and the survey, which allowed the collection of primary and secondary information.
The results of the different studies such as the market, technical, economic-financial and financial evaluation showed positive results, so that investors can analyze and decide on its implementation.
The financial evaluation project the following results: The net present value that is $ .391.796.99, which is a positive value and greater than the investment, the Internal Rate of Return that is 21.29% that is greater than the opportunity cost of the 9%, the Benefit / Cost Ratio, which is 1.16 US dollars for each dollar invested, the investment will be recovered in 4 years, 9 months and 22 days; the project supports an increase in costs of 46.4% and a decrease in revenues of 22%.
Therefore, as there are positive results, investors are recommended to implement the project, thus contributing to the socioeconomic development of the canton, province and country, as well as improving the living standards of the inhabitants of the sector.


To examine the heat transfer performance of compound enhancement with helical fins and vortex generators for the shell of double-pipe heat exchangers at different curvatures,helical fins and delta-winglet-pair vortex generators are installed on the shell side with different middle diameters at the same pitch.Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics on the shell side are investigated experimentally and numerically at Re=680—16000 with air as working fluid.The comprehensive performance on the shell side is enhanced and the enhancement mechanism is analyzed.The results show that larger curvature of the shell leads higher heat transfer coefficient and friction factor.For curvatures of 0.131,0.321 and 0.440,heat transfer coefficient is increased by 31.52%,20.83% and 18.33%,respectively,with vortex generators.Vortex generators can change the fluid flow structure and improve the synergy of velocity field and temperature field,so the heat transfer on the shell side is improved.


A high-performance dual S/X-band telemetry tracking and receiving system has been developed to provide a low-cost earth station for receiving high-resolution data from current and future LANDSAT/Spot polar orbiting satellites. The antenna system consists of a dual S/X-band telemetry tracking feed in a Cassegrain configuration with a 10-meter parabolic reflector designed for 100 mph wind loading and 10 deg/sec accelerations. The 2 antenna system is mounted to a newly-developed elevation-over-azimuth tracking pedestal, which incorporates the latest technology in a dual brushless d.c. servo motor torque-biased drive train for each axis. This drive train provides an exceptionally wide dynamic range in trlcking velocities for very slow horizon tracking and very fast velocities for near-overhead passes. A microprocessor-based servo control system using the latest state variables feedback and adaptive control techniques is used to provide accurate tracking for both slow and fast rates. A 15-km satellite pass distance from overhead is used as a control system design criterion. For the narrow beamwidth X-band track this requires an acceleration error of less than 0.100 degree and an acceleration error constant of at least 90 sec . The requirement for a high-performance servo system with the low -2 structural resonances of a large antenna constitutes a difficult stability problem. INTRODUCTION Previous LANDSAT polar-orbiting satellites provided nominal resolution earth-scene data on Land/or S-band downlinks. Medium diameter and medium performance tracking pedestals were adequate to track and recover data from these older satellites. However, the newer satellites, such as LANDSAT D and Spot, provide high-resolution data on X-band downlinks. Larger antennas on the order of ten meters in diameter and highperformance tracking pedestals are required to track and recover data from these newer satellites. The larger size antenna is required for additional gain, and the resulting narrower beamwidth requires tighter tracking, ie, less off boresight tracking error. Therefore, many of the older LANDSAT receiving stations must be replaced to receive the new highresolution data. The LANDSAT Sand X-band receiving system recently developed (shown in Figure 1), includes a monopulse antenna system, an elevation-over-azimuth autotracking pedestal system, Sand X-band receiving equipment, a microprocessor-based control system, and a high-density tape recording system. Automated built-in test equipment is provided along with an S-band and X-band test target for systems testing and boresighting. The antenna and receiving systems are provided with a sufficient G/T for reliable reception of both Sand X-band LANDSAT and Spot satellite downlinks. The antenna consists of a 10-meter diameter reflector with a dual-frequency Cassegrain feed and subreflector assembly. Simultaneous reception of both Sand X-band downlinks is provided with this system. The antenna and pedestal are designed for survival in 100 mph winds and reliable satellite tracking in winds up to 40 mph. The microprocessor-based pedestal control system offers various selectable control modes including autotrack, manual position command, manual rate command, programmed acquisition mode, and programmed overhead drive mode. The system can be left unattended for automatic acquisition, track, and data reception. Automatic boresighting and systems testing can also be performed without operator intervention. SYSTEM DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE The system has been designed to track orbiting satellites at either Sor X-band and simultaneously receives data on both bands. Uninterrupted zenith reception in addition to automatic tracking acquisition is provided by microprocessor control of the antenna system. The system receives and demodulates the data from three RF downlinks; ie, 2287.5 MHz S-band (RT), 2265.5 MHz S-band (MSS), and 8212.4 MHz.X-band (MSS, TM). These data are made available to a separate LANDSAT data processsing system for reduction into the final output form. The system block diagram is presented in Figure 2. The rf signals are preamplified and downconverted in the single-channel-monopulse antenna tracking feed. A separate tracking receiver located in the pedestal is used to detect the tracking error signals for the autotracking control system. A microprocessor tracking control unit in the pedestal is used to control the elevation and azimuth axis servo drives. The console equipment includes both Sand X-band rf distribution and receiving systems. A console-located microprocessor pedestal control unit communicates control commands to the pedestal tracking control unit and also controls various peripheral console equipment. The major design and performance characteristics of the system are presented in Table 1. A remotely-controlled dual Sand X-band test target is provided for automatic antenna boresighting and systems testing. ANTENNA SYSTEM The Cassegrain antenna system consists of a 10-meter paraboloidal reflector, a 1.2-meter diameter hyperboloidal subreflector, and a dual-band vertex-mounted singe-channelmonopulse tracking feed, as shown in Figure 3. The Sand X-band telemetry and tracking feed block diagram is presented in Figure 4. The antenna gain at the comparator outputs is approximately 44.4 dBi for S-band (2.25 GHz) and 55.5 dBi for X-band (8.213 GHz). The antenna noise temperatures are estimated as 87.61EK for the S-band and 93.92EK for the X-band telemetry channels, and 162.2EK for the S-band and 191.7EK for the X-band tracking channels. Figure 5 illustrates the method used to calculate the X-band noise temperatures. The reflector assembly consists of a reflector hub, 24 radial trusses and surface panels, 104 interchangeable intercostals, and required hardware. The reflector hub is 6 feet in diameter and 3 feet deep. It is fabricated as a reinforced aluminum cylinder with top and bottom flanges to interface with the radial trusses. Eight mounting pads on a 74.5-inch diameter bolt circle interface with the antenna support structure. Twenty-four radial trusses are provided. The trusses attach to the top and bottom flange of the central hub and are interconnected by intercostal members to form an extremely rigid space frame. They provide support locations for the reflector surface panels, subreflector support spars, and locations for lifting the reflector during installation. The reflector surface consists of 24 pie-shaped panels that are fabricated on a precision production mold. Panel frames are constructed of aluminum extrusions with solid aluminum sheet reflecting surfaces which conform to the parabolic shape and attach to the frame with stainless rivets. The feed assembly as indicated in Figure 6, consists of a 5-horn X-band cluster surrounded by a 4-horn S-band cluster. Monopulse comparators are used to form the aximuth and elevation difference channels for both bands. To obtain circular polarization, stepped-sceptum polarizers are used. These techniques are less lossy than dielectric vane polarizers and are thus preferred. The S-band tracking feed consists of four diagonal horns in a diamond array configuration. They are of a pyramidal structure tapering to a square wave guide. Each diagonal horn aperture is truncated at two corners to make room for the X-band array and to provide a symmetrical response. This configuration reduces coupling between the Sand X-band apertures. The resulting isolation is greater than 50 dB. Waveguides transfer the signals to a monopulse comparator. The outputs of the comparator are the sum signal and the two difference (elevation and azimuth error) signals. The two difference outputs of the comparator are fed into a monopulse converter. Diodes are used for switching between channels. The output of the monopulse converter is amplified by a low-noise GaAs FET solid-state amplifier (LNA). The sum output is also amplified by a LNA. This output is divided into two equal parts in a power divider. One part is fed directly to the data channel downconverter. The other part is coupled to the amplified difference signal with phase correction. This creates the tracking segment of the sum channel. The S-band feed components, except the horns and polarizers, are located inside the hub. A fixed-frequency downconverter located in the antenna hub converts the entire 2200 to 2300 MHz S-band to a 230 to 330 MHz intermediate frequency (IF). The downconverter preselection is a 100 MHz bandwidth filter centered at 2250 MHz and tailored for flatgroup delay across the band. The input signal is mixed with the 1970 MHz local oscillator signal generated by a fixed-frequency microwave cavity oscillator phase-locked to a lownoise crystal oscillator. The output of the mixer is amplified by a wide-bandwidth, flatgroup delay amplifier capable of driving in excess of 250 meters of coaxial cable. Isolators are used throughout the assembly to ensure good impedance matching between critical components. The downconverted S-band data signal is routed through low-loss coaxial cable to the control center where it is distributed via the rf distribution unit. The X-band feed subassembly consists of an array of five circular horns, a sum horn, and 4 difference horns with dielectric lenses. The sum channel is amplified by a LNA and divided into two equal parts in a waveguide power divider. The data channel output passes directly to the data downconverter. A waveguide monopulse comparator mates with the four difference horns to form the )AZ and )EL error difference signals. The two difference signals pass through coaxial cable into a monopulse converter. This converter is a solid-state device which uses the scan commands from the tracking control unit (TCU) to commutate the rf tracking error signals. The modulated output is amplified by a LNA which passes through a waveguide phase-shifter and couples the tracking data to the sum signal by means of a directional coupler. The X-band fe


The fatigue endurance of TS 590 MPa grade low-alloy precipitation strengthened steel was numerically and experimentally examined. The microstructure was modeled using two-dimensional Voronoi polygons. Heterogeneous stress distributions were calculated using the finite element method, taking elastic anisotropy into consideration. The number of cycles before crack initiation was estimated based on the Tanaka–Mura model. By taking into account the effects of the cyclic strain of the preceding cracks, a definable macroscopic crack initiation cycle was obtained. An actual tensile and compression fatigue test was conducted on the same steel. The stress amplitude decreased as the cycle number increased. Distinct dislocation cell structure was not observed by TEM analysis. The experimental strain fatigue limit was, to some extent, lower than that of the simulation. Surface effects, specimen homogeneity, selection of slip system, and dislocation reversibility are mentioned as the probable causes for the difference.


In this paper, we propose, an affine-invariant-method for describing and matching curves. This is important since affine transformations are often used to model perspective distortions. More specifically, we propose a new definition of the shape of a curve that characterizes a curve independently of the effects introduced by affine distortions. By combining this definition with a rotation-invariant shape descriptor, we show how it is possible to describe a curve in an intrinsically affine-invariant manner. To validate our procedure we built a database of shapes subject to perspective distortions and plotted the precision-recall curve for this dataset. Finally an application of our method is shown in the context of wide baseline matching.


With the introduction and gradual implementation of New Medical Reform Policy,the importance of humanistic quality education in higher education has been more and more prominent.As students majoring in clinical medicine will be the backbone of medical professionals in the future,medical colleges need to realize the importance of improving medical ethics and legal education.Based on an investigation into students majoring in clinical medicine at four medical colleges,the paper analyzes the existing problems concerning medical ethics and legal education and puts forward several proposals for its improvement in the new context.


SUMMARY.— Observations were made on samples of 10 scalp hairs from each of 20 male undergraduates who were all 20 years of age. The greatest diameters of the hairs were measured proximally just above the hair root and distally 40 mm. away from the root when the hair was dry and wet.


Entrepreneurial activity has always been a significant issue in academic research. Reviewing entrepreneurial research, such research was grounded in Economy, and some scholars discussed the dimension of characteristics of individual entrepreneur. From the researches in recent years, the key factor influencing entrepreneurial activity was institutionalism. Currently, some researches stated that macroeconomic forms a S-shape relationship with entrepreneurial activity, while some other researches focused on relationships between environment (i.e: law or safety) and entrepreneurial investment. However, it lacks of researches taking consideration of cultural factors. In order to realize the effects of culture and institution on entrepreneurial activities, this research conducted cross-nation comparison on effects of cultural value, institution, and interacting effects of culture and institution on entrepreneurial activity separately. This research adopted self-organizing map for research, and conducted categorizing research on data from global entrepreneur observations, world value survey and global competitive competence survey. Research subjects were nations from these three databases, in total 41 nations were selected as research samples. According to three stages and cultural value of economic development introduced by Michael Porter, this research further added sub-dimension in WEF to conclude 9 propositions and 52 sub-propositions from indices. From these, this research discovered that 1. Culture significantly influences entrepreneurial activity, 2. Distinct institutions would influence entrepreneurial activities and 3. Culture and institution interactively influences entrepreneurial activities.


24Sovereign immunity — State-owned ships — Merchant vessel — Immunity from attachment — Arrest of vessel in Panama Canal — Attempt to obtain jurisdiction in respect of proceedings concerning sister ships — Role of the Department of State — Whether suggestion of immunity reviewable — Whether Department of State required to give reasons for decisions — Conduct of foreign relations — The law of the United States.


PURPOSE: An apparatus and method is provided to easily and periodically calibrate zero point of differential pressure sensor. CONSTITUTION: An apparatus comprises a first standard differential pressure sensor(203) having first and second pneumatic pipes; an object differential pressure sensor(201) having third and fourth pneumatic pipes; a first gas feed pipe(207) for feeding gas to first and third pneumatic pipes; a second gas feed pipe(209) for feeding gas to second and fourth pneumatic pipes; a first flow rate controller(211) and a second flow rate controller(213) installed at front portions of first and second gas feed pipes, respectively; a control unit(215) for controlling first and second flow rate controllers; a second standard differential pressure sensor(205) having fifth and sixth pneumatic pipes; and a monitor(217) for displaying detection result of the first standard differential pressure sensor.


The cover of this month's EMHJ shows a candle. This candle was lit on 18 May in the main hall during the first day of the World Health Assembly in memory of all health workers who lost their lives in the service of health in 2014-2015. Lighting of the candle was followed by a moment of silence. It was a poignant moment which reminded those present that we all depend upon the dedication of health workers at some point in our lives. Too often we take that dedication for granted, both in the clinical setting and in the public health setting. In the past year we have lost precious lives to Ebola and MERS-CoV, to politically motivated attacks, and to conflict.


Industrialized countries with large urban populations are finding it increasingly difficult and expensive to dispose of refuse. The country with the greatest difficulties is Japan, where sites for landfilling of refuse are very scarce. This has prompted development of refuse treatment and disposal methods which emphasize volume reduction. It has also led to programs to improve established disposal methods and develop novel refuse treatment and disposal technologies. Descriptions are provided of new developments of chemical engineering interest.


10 GeV) and see-saw mechanism is at work for neutrinos. Based on this scheme we propose a viable model which explains the smallness of masses for three kinds of neutrino lie, lip and llr. Special forms of the nonrenormalizable interactions can be understood as a consequence of an appropriate discrete symmetry of the compactified manifold.


ABSTRACT Cognitive control (also referred to as executive functions) corresponds to a set of cognitive processes that support the goal-directed regulation of thoughts and actions. It plays a major role in complex activities and predicts later academic achievement. Importantly, while growing up, children are progressively transitioning from engaging cognitive control in an externally driven fashion, i.e., relying on external guidance, to exerting it self-directedly, i.e., autonomously determining when and how to engage it. Although growing self-directedness in cognitive control engagement is critical to autonomy gains during childhood, relatively little is known about the underlying cognitive mechanisms. Incorporating previous main proposals in cognitive control development, we propose that self-directed control development is driven by the ability to identify relevant goals, facilitated through accumulated knowledge on how to engage cognitive control with age. Importantly, we argue that there are two key processes that are part of successful goal identification: context-tracking and goal selection. We argue that most developmental changes are linked to context-tracking as the demands on this process are particularly high in self-directed situations. We then derived main predictions from this theoretical model as well as promising future directions.


Abstract Let be the space of tensor densities on 𝕊 n of degree λ. We consider this space as an induced module of the nonunitary spherical series of the group SO0(n+1, 1) and classify (so(n+1, 1), SO(n+1))-simple and unitary submodules of as a function of λ.


: The unified theory of evolution is an expansion of Darwinian theory that asserts that evolution is driven by entropic accumulation of genetic information that is constrained and organized primarily by the genealogical effects of phylogenetic history and developmental integration, and secondarily by ecological effects, or natural selection in its classical mode. Phylogenetic systematic analysis of the 8 major groups of parasitic rhabdocoelous platyhelminths permits empirical macroevolutionary evaluation of these postulates. Of the 131 characters considered, 127 are phylogenetically constrained, and 4 show evidence of 1 case of convergence each. Data from different developmental stages are phylogenetically congruent, despite differences in ecology among those stages. Ecological diversification, indicated by phylogenetic association of definitive hosts and parasites, and by changes in ecological components of life cycle patterns, is more conservative evolutionarily than diver- sification in developmental patterns, indicated by the appearance of unique larval stages, asexual proliferation of larvae, polyembryony, and heterochronic changes. These observations support the macroevolutionary pos- tulates of the unified theory. "The distinction between fundamental plesiomorphic and derived apomorphic characters is basic for any consideration of the phylogeny and systematics of any group-and especially so for a parasitic group" (Horace W. Stunkard, 1983, in litt., archives of the H. W. Manter Laboratory, Division of Parasitology, University of Nebraska State Museum).


Extraction has been a controversial subject in the speciality of orthodontics for a long time. Some authors believe that the extraction of premolars leads to temporomandibular disorders because of collapse in vertical dimension. Over-retraction and retroclination of incisors cause the facial profile to flatten, bring about premature anterior contacts and displace the mandible and condyle distally. But numerous correlation studies in the literature do not support this contention. Analysis of premolar extraction cases reveals that there is no collapse of the vertical dimension; on the contrary the vertical dimension is either maintained or slightly opened. Moreover, there is no evidence that premolar extraction causes higher incidence of temporomandibular disorders or undesirable flattening of the facial profile.


Abstract : A number of parallel interfacing methods for microcomputer systems are discussed which use the Motorola 6800 microprocessor as a central processing unit. A minimum processing system is defined, and the individual electronic components are defined and explained. The report also illustrates the requirements of the Peripheral Interface Adapter integrated circuit in effecting the Input/Output of data. The techniques and instructions necessary to interface signal generators, printers, and data acquisition systems to a microcomputer are also described. (Author)


A group of 11 specimens AISI 1038 Medium carbon steel alloy fabricated according to ASTM standard D790-02 torsion test were twisted cyclically one in positive another to negative angle in range of angles (0o-50o), step 5 degrees for each specimen. The data from torsion test device help to get actual torques and shear stresses, later the specimens tested the tensile test to figure out the effects of cyclic angle of twist on mechanical properties for AISI 1038 Medium carbon steel. The results showed a good agreement between the theoretical and actual data (torque, shear stress) for specimens with positive angle of twist by the percentage: 98%, 91%, 96%, 93%, 91%, 89%, 88%, 85%, 82%, 81%, 80%. In other side the results for experimental tests showed a dangerous decrements in mechanical properties for cyclic or negative twist angles, the yield stress for reference specimen without twist angle is 490 Mpa, yield stress increased for angels (5o,10o,15o) by 1%, 3%, 6%, then decreased for angels (20o,25o,30o,35o,40o,45o) by 3%, 5%, 13%, 18%, 24% and 35% Respectively and the final specimen with 50o angle of twist had been broken torsional before tensile test as a result specimens groups consequent of the extrusion – intrusion defects concomitant from twisting load.


The dominant view in managerial practice assumes that competencies are "universal" constructs whose meaning is independent from any specific context. The "universalist" approach ensures a high degree of efficiency through standardization of competency codebooks. However, the effectiveness of this approach has often been questioned. Overgeneralization makes the description of competencies ambiguous and does not provide HR managers with adequate practical information. An alternative, "situationalist" approach defines competencies as situated, idiosyncratic constructs whose meaning is deeply influenced by organizational culture and by the unique way people make sense of their jobs. We propose a methodological approach to competency management based on a situationalist perspective. Through a field study carried out in a large Italian organization, we discuss the issues relevant to consider when developing competency-management systems though a situationalist approach. In particular, we show that the situationalist approach, by ensuring higher attention to the meaning and to the situated nature of competencies, is more capable of dealing with some of the critical management challenges outlined in the recent literature, such as the demand for more participative approaches and the increasing emphasis on emerging competencies. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Nearly ten years of continuous magnetic field observations by the Pioneer Venus spacecraft allows us to study the correlation between the structure of magnetic clouds in the inner heliosphere and the phase of the solar cycle. Fifty‐six magnetic clouds have been identified in the PVO data at .7AU during 1979–1988. As this period spans nearly two solar maxima and one solar minimum we can study the evolution of the structure of these magnetic clouds through varying solar activity and under various orientations of the coronal streamer belt. Until shortly after the 1979 solar maximum the majority of clouds had an initially southward magnetic field which turned northward as the cloud was traversed, while in the period leading up to the 1988 solar maximum the majority had a northward field that turned southward. In the declining phase of solar activity magnetic clouds continued to occur, but only a minority can be classified as having south‐to‐north and north‐to‐south rotations. The majority of these clouds occurred with the field remaining entirely north or south relative to the solar equator. These results confirm observations using Helios and ISEE data indicating that the structure of magnetic clouds varies in response to changes in the magnetic structure of the source region. By interpreting these observations to imply that the leading magnetic field in magnetic clouds is controlled by the polarity of the sun's global field and that the inclination of the coronal streamer belt controls the axis of symmetry of the clouds, we can predict preferred magnetic cloud structure and orientation during varying phases of the solar cycle. The helicity of the observations does not seem to be ordered by the solar cycle.


Aim at the STRATA technology,unifies Hanyi highway maintenance project,the paper specifically introduces the application of the new technology,including existing cement concrete pavement treatment,concrete design of strata stress absorption layer,construction technology,daily testing.At the same time,makes a sure answer about its prevention effect of reflection crack of the asphalt concrete surface layer paved on existing cement concrete highways.


SUMMARY

An autumn and spring spray programme of copper (as a proprietary wettable Bordeaux) was compared with a similar programme with an organomercury (PMC) fungicide for the control of apple canker caused by Nectria galligena in three successive years. Inoculum was provided prior to the spray applications and no cankers were removed during the trial. Fewer cankers developed on the trees receiving mercury sprays than on those sprayed with copper in each of the three seasons 1968 to 1970. However, spore counts made from rain run-off revealed a relatively higher inoculum on the mercury sprayed trees, which might constitute a hazard when the protective effect of the sprays ceased.


In the article activity of the Moscow municipal duma in the sphere of city public transport in the last third of XIX beginning of XX century is shown. For the analysis of the problem the author involves materials and documents of archives, newspapers of the pre-revolutionary period, reference books.


Crosshole ultrasonic tomography is referred to ray tracing by griding method and image reconstruction by combining the successively linearized iteration with damping least-squares QR decomposition, with which the result has better precision than that with crosshole seismic tomography by using the same inversion method in engineering geological investigation. It has been proved in practice that the investigation with crosshole ultrasonic tomography can clearly show the location and shape of the abnormal geological unit with the volume more than 60 cm when the crosshole distance exceeds 30 m. The result of investigation has been confirmed by the drilling. The crosshole ultrasonic tomography method will be extensively used in the engineering geological investigation.


High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is the latest standardization efforts of ISO/IEC MPEG and ITU-T VCEG for further improving the coding efficiency of H.264/AVC standard. It has been reported that HEVC can provide comparable subjective visual quality with H.264/AVC at only half bit-rates in many cases. In this paper, decoder complexities between HEVC and H.264/AVC are studied for providing initial complexity estimates of the HEVC decoder compared with the H.264/AVC decoder. For this purpose, several selected coding tools including intra prediction, motion compensation, transform, loop filters and entropy coder have been analyzed in terms of number of operations as well as their statistical differences.


From their inception the passenger transport authorities and executives have been concerned with the provision of an integrated system of public passenger transport. For a shorter period, less than a decade, shire county councils have sought to promote co-ordinated public transport. This all-embracing approach belies the fragmented nature of the policy making and decision-taking processes at work in practice. This paper outlines the legal framework and institutional context of public transport policy making in the provincial conurbations. The major areas of decision-taking are examined to establish the nature of the issues confronting decision-takers and the political and financial context applicable. This establishes both principle and practice in relation to decisions on matters of operation and investment; revenue and capital spending; and covers issues ranging from fares, routes and timetables to rolling stock and infrastructure. The paper seeks in particular to discover whether such differences as exist between decisions concerning rail and bus services are superficial and relate to inherent differences in technology or institutional arrangements for operation, or are more fundamental and reflect either overt differences in policy or covert differences in the decision-taking process. The paper's findings are illustrated by examples drawn largely from Greater Manchester and relating to decisions on fares and service levels in the public transport plan; the service revisions proposed in the basic bus network study exercises; garage closures; and capital investment programmes including the Picc-Vic, rail scheme, railway upgradings and the light rapid transit proposals. Finally, the possible impacts of: --the abolition of the metropolitan county councils;--the changes in the TPP system and grant arrangements;--the de-regulation of bus service operation are considered. This paper is presented in an abstract form. For the covering abstract of the seminar see IRRD 286719. (TRRL)


Background:β‐Lactam drugs may induce both cellular and humoral allergic reactions, and there is evidence that T cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of these reactions. The aim of this work was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) as an in vitro diagnostic tool, in patients with either an immediate or a nonimmediate reaction to penicillin G and/or amoxicillin.


a value of 5.8. eLiSa participants score, ranged from 37 to 105, where lower levels refer to higher literacy. The mean was 63.67, with a SD of 15.88 and the difference between the two groups was not statistically different. The mean for those who had stopped smoking was 60.48 (SD 14.4) while the mean for those who had not quit was 65.41 (SD 16.6). Among those with low literacy, 28.9% were non-smokers, while 71.1% were smokers. Conclusions: Results enhance the need of further research from the salutogenic perspective as there is some evidence that having a adequate eHL may be relevant to assist successfully a process of SC with the use of the internet. psychological developed Behavior the Form, as well as and writing 1 (baseline) 2 (two beginning had effects both performance (increased speed and verbal fluency) and socio-emotional adjustment (lower in and in Competence Scale). Conclusions: This case presentation describes two modalities of intervention, which aims to promote not only children's academic skills, but also their socio-emotional development. underlines the potentialities of the ULD model in assessment and intervention in learning disabilities.


This article examines whether the use of traffic calming measures can be 'bus-friendly', and describes how effective and practical the 'Berlin cushion' has been in traffic calming in Herne, Germany. If traffic calming is to make an extensive impact on casualty incidence, driving speeds and behaviour will need to be moderated on main roads as well as residential roads. This extension of traffic calming has been inhibited by concern about the effect of speed reduction measures on bus services. The most effective of the many techniques for achieving the desired traffic speeds on urban roads is vertical alignment of carriageways, using humps or ramped changes of level, because it cannot be counteracted by driving skill or by inconsiderate or illegal manufacture. The unhindered speed of vehicles and the degree of discomfort experienced in such a street depends on: (1) vertical shift height; (2) ramp gradient profile; (3) distance between ramps; (4) vehicle and suspension design. Design of the ramps, to minimise passenger discomfort while not reducing bus speed too much, is a critical problem. Two alternative solutions, developed in Europe, are: (1) the Danish 'dual- profile hump'; (2) the 'Berlin cushion'. Both use the different track widths of buses and cars, but the cushion is more suitable for use in the UK and satisfies most criteria for traffic calming on bus routes. It allows buses to travel at least as fast as cars, and buses have little vertical movement when passing over it.


Terminal is place of transportation to put on and put off passangers and has a role of the movement. Realizing this situation, the capacity of the terminal to fulfill the sociate needs in transportation makes it is important to be considered, from the study about the condition now, the terminal of city transportation and public transportation in Pasuruan inough vacility to fulfill the requirement, but traffic jam often happens. This study is aimed to evalued the condition of the terminal now, weather this terminal appropriate to use or not and to know how is the movement of city transportation and public transportation now this and to predict the need of the vehicle the ten years latter. The method this study is doing evaluation about terminal service in Pasuruan by doing observation dirrecly to predict the needs of vehicle area by using growing method. The area of parking lot in this terminal especially for arrival, departure and parking lot of city transportation know this is stell inought, where the provided area about 220 m2, whele the needs area about 192 m2 with six platform for one unit vehicle in 13 minutes. The parking area in this terminal for arrival, departure and parking for public transportation now are stell inought, where the provided area is about 180 m2 with for platform for one unit vehicle in 12 minutes.


Resins based on cyanates and polymethacrylates, possessing interesting thermal, mechanical, fire-retardant and other functional properties, can be easily prepared. They can serve as ideal low-density matrices for composites, offering attractive properties for advanced aeronautical applications. This work discusses various routes to prepare different interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) based on cyanate esters or isocyanurate urethane methacrylate networks: a hybrid network comprising flexible segments of polybutylene-glycol-adipate (PBGA), a semi-IPN containing flexible crystalline linear polyurethane (CPU) based on PBGA, a full IPN possessing flexible polyurethane methacrylate (PUMA) based on PBGA, and a full IPN linked with flexible silicone-based isocyanurate urethane methacrylate (IsUMA). We will comment on the above-mentioned systems and compare their thermo-mechanical, mechanical and fire-retardant properties.


In the front-end customer driven design process, a number of design alternatives need to be evaluated based on customer expectations. A systematic method is presented in this paper to rank design alternatives by formulating a future rating model. Projections to Latent Structures (PLS), which is a multivariate analysis technique with proven efficiency, is employed to model experts' ratings in terms of product attributes for each time step, and screen unimportant attributes using Variable Importance (VIP) Scores. The PLS model parameter time series is used to formulate the future rating model, by means of an optimization algorithm embedded with forecasting. A case study is conducted using ratings of 16 major mobile phone technological forums collected from 2006 first quarter to 2009 third quarter. The future model predictions of 2009 fourth quarter, with Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 1.6, show the potential of proposed concept screening method.


Erythrocyte - erythrocyte adhesion (EEA) is of the large interest since it will effect directly on its function and interaction with other organs. Also, erythrocytes adhesion may arise erythrocytes aggregation which has a significant effect on the hemodynamic mechanism. The present study is aimed at examining the effect of erythrocytes mechanical properties on their adhesion. In addition, the impact of the physiological conditions around erythrocytes on their adhesion will be evaluated. A simple flow compartment technique built on inverted microscope was used to calculate adhesion number (AN) of erythrocytes which reflects the ability of erythrocytes to adhere to each other. AN was correlated strongly to shear rate and erythrocyte deformation index. Shape parameters of erythrocytes (Radius and volume) were found to play a major role in EEA. The concentration of the main plasma proteins (fibrinogen and albumin) were determined to have a significant effect on EEA. The results obtained in this study give the attention that other factors rather than particle diameter and work of adhesion may effect on erythrocytes adhesion.


The development of sport results in cycling sports, as well as the enormous competition in the sport struggle for global hegemony in cycling disciplines, requires continuous improvement in the quality and effectiveness of the training process. The aim of the following theoretical study is to reveal the characteristic peculiarities and the essence of the sport orientation in the cycling sport.
Methods: The research was carried out using the following methods: literary sources study, document analysis, theoretical analysis and synthesis.
Results: Analysis. The modern development of cycling is characterized by the deepening of the knowledge of coaches and sport pedagogues in the field of sport orientation, with the creation of objective criteria for the latter, specific to each sport discipline. The choice of the type of sport that corresponds to the individual characteristics and abilities of the individual represents his/her sport orientation. It is primarily related to children's and adolescent sport. Good sport orientation increases the efficiency of sport selection.
Conclusion: Constantly increasing sport performance places ever-increasing demands on cyclists and, in turn, complicates the process of finding talents that combine qualities and abilities that determine success in cycling sports.


The essay expounds the necessity and significance of promoting the quality-oriented education in the teaching of physical training; it also gives some suggestions on how to reform the teaching method of the course so as to implement the quality-oriented education through physical education.


Objective. Based on data of clinical and genetic examination of obese children, to identify risk groups for metabolic syndrome (МS) development in order to enable early prevention of its complications. Design and methods. 194 children aged 13,2 ± 0,14 years were examined: 148 with obesity I-IV degrees and 46 children - with normal body weight, matched by age and sex. History, anthropometric data, blood pressure (BP), lipid spectrum (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), carbohydrates metabolism and urinary acid were estimated. 83 obese children were genotyped on polymorphisms: I/D gene ACE, G-75A ApoA1, S19W ApoA5, S1/S2 ApoC3, E2/E3/E4 ApoЕ and W/R ADRB3. Results. More than 2/3 of examined obese children had unfavorable heredity on leading cardiovascular risk factors. 35,8 % of obese children had high BP, 77,8 % had lipid disorders, 29,0 % had hyperglycemia and 25,0 % had hyperuricemia. 57,0 % of D-allele carriers of ACE gene had increased BP. More than half of heterozygous carriers of «unfavorable» alleles of apoprotein genes had dyslipidemia. Lipid and carbohydrate metabolic disorders occurred in 60,3 % of homozygous W/W of gene ADRB3. Conclusion. Based on the detected combinations of genetic, metabolic and anthropometric data we propose a protocol for obese children examination to identify risk groups for МS development and to choose therapeutic tactics.


This work uses an array of 10 high-latitude superDARN HF-radars to analyze migrating tides (DW1, SW2, TW3). SuperDARN radars can cover 180 degrees of longitudes and allow tidal analysis. Their modeling works indicated that missing parts of longitudinal coverage (radar sampling) do not show significant influences of their tidal analysis method. Their method provide higher-frequency tidal variability compared to satellite observations, and it is useful for future tidal studies. I recommend publication after several minor/major revisions.


The increasing availability and capability of "off the shelf" low cost digital cameras coupled with on-going advances in mobile computing technology offer great potential for on-site archaeological recording. In particular the userfriendliness and ready availability of these systems coupled with image orientated modelling software packages such as Photo Modeller and Photo Builder are providing systems that are increasingly suited to the requirements of on-site archaeological recording. However, whilst offering ease of use, the geometric performance and imaging stability of all "off the shelf" systems are extremely dependant on the manner in which they are used and the selection of an appropriate calibration method. This paper, through a series of calibration experiments, investigates the suitability and geometric stability of three such camera systems: a pair of Kodak DC210 cameras, a pair of Kodak DC260 cameras and a Canon DV1 digital video camcorder used in both still and video imaging modes. The work undertaken demonstrates that all three systems are capable of attaining measurements to sub-pixel accuracy provided that the image acquisition methodology adopted for each camera takes into account and compensates for the particular design features of each system. In particular it is noted that some of the design features aimed at promoting ease of "snap shot" photography must be circumvented if camera internal geometry is to remain at best stable or at least reproducible.


An Internet of Things (IoT) network has been developed and tested in the BaZheXiang area in Sichuan, China. The network will be used to monitor the slopes for the potential landslides. The existing Wi-Fi network required more than five hops before reaching the temporary data centre in the hut which is 8km away from the data centre. However, the new system only requires maximum three hops, the real-time geological information of the slope can be delivered to the data centre at the main water dam.


The cloned TM gene fragment from the recombinant plasmid pGEM-TM was subcloned into the expression plasmid pET28a(+).The recombinant plasmid pET28-TM was transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3) and induced with 1mmol/L of IPTG.The recombinant pET28-TM produced a recombinant protein with an apparent molecular weight of 37.5ku,which was identical to the expected weight.The expressed protein was purified by meta(Ni~(2+)) chelation affinity chromatography.The purified protein was proved to be antigenic by Western-blotting analysis using goat serum infected naturally with Orientobilharzia turkestanicum.The results provided foundation for the development of an recombinant vaccine against Orientobilharzia turkestanicum.


Traditional edge detection systems function by returning every edge in an input image. This can result in a large amount of clutter and make certain vectorization algorithms less accurate. Accuracy problems can then have a large impact on automated object recognition systems that depend on edge information. A new method of directed edge detection can be used to limit the number of edges returned based on a particular feature. This results in a cleaner image that is easier for vectorization. Vectorized edges from this process could then feed an object recognition system where the edge data would also contain information as to what type of feature it bordered. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.


Objective:To observe the clinical effect of medilac-vita and small amount of feeding on premature infants at the early stage.Methods:A toatl of 66 Premature infants were randomly divived into the treatment group(36 cases)and the control group(30 cases).The treatment group was given 0.5 g of medilac-vita within 24 hours after born,tid,and was fed by small amounts of formula milk and several times of breast feeding.The feeding amount was adjusted by self-demand and tolerance and the maximum amount was no more than 20 ml/(kg.d).Results:The intolerance rate was 11.1%(4/36) in the treatment group and 93.3%(28/30) in the control group(P0.01).More vomitting,abdominal distension,gastric retension happened in the treatment group as compared to the control group(P0.05).The time of meconium completely passed,return to weight when born and achieving at fully feeding was shorter and the level of serum bilirubin on the 3rd postpartum day was higher than those in the control group(P0.05).Conclusion:To give medilac-vita and small amount of feeding at the early stage can improve the tolerance and be beneficial to the growth of of premature infants.


The widespread acceptance of photodynamic therapy (PDT), a potential adjuvant brain tumor therapy under clinical evaluation since 1980, has been partially restrained by its potential toxicity toward normal brain tissue. This study examined PDT‐produced injury of normal rat brain as a function of photosensitizer dose. Brain injury was characterized by correlating measurements of the area of cerebral edema using T2‐weighted magnetic resonance images, measurement of brain water content at the lesion site, microscopic examination of histological sections through the PDT lesion, and by evaluation of the area of blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption using computerized morphometric analysis of the region of Evans blue (EB) dye‐labelled albumin extravasation. Monochromatic red light (630 nm) was delivered intracere‐brally using a 5‐mm‐long cylindrical, diffusion‐tip optical fiber at a constant energy dose of 15 joules.


In this paper we report on the electrosynthesis of polythiophene from aqueous media with sulphuric acid as the supporting electrolyte. The redox features of polythiophene on a bare carbon graphite working electrode and on a clay montmorillonite host matrix is also reported. Co-polymerisation of polythiophene and polyaniline from an electrolyte media containing both aniline and thiophene monomers reveal that, the redox centres of the two polymers are independent, hence suggesting the formation of a bilayer, even though no charge rectification is observed.The role of sodium thiosulphate as a novel electrocatalyst which has led to a I. Introduction: Polyaniline, polythiophene, and polypyrrole are amongst the most well researched of electronically conducting polymers. They have received much in research because of their known unique properties such as low density, well behaved electrochemistry,versatility in methods of production, high anisotropy of electrical conduction, and non-metallic temperature dependence of conductivity . Electrochemical methods have played a significant role in the characterization and synthesis of these materials. The major advantage of these electrochemical techniques lies in the fact that, they are especially well- suited to the controlled synthesis of these compounds and for the tuning of a well-defined oxidation state. Despite all the advances made in the study of these novel materials, the preparation, characterization and application of these electronically conducting polymeric systems are still largely un-understood, hence still a major focus of research activity in electrochemistry. The key areas where gaps still exist include understanding the behavior of these systems, in particular on the mechanism of charge transfer and on charge transport processes that occur during redox reactions of conducting polymeric materials. On the applications frontier, research continues on how to perfect their use/application in the fields of energy storage, electrocatalysis, organic electrochemistry, bio-electrochemistry, photo-electrochemistry, electro-analysis, sensors, electrochromic displays, microsystem technologies, electronic devices, microwave screening and corrosion protection etc . The intensity of research geared towards understanding the electrosynthesis, charge transfer mechanism and possible applications domain for these polymers is captured in the litany of references listed (1- 61) and the references therein. In this paper we report on the electrosynthesis of polythiophene from aqueous media with the mineral acids as supporting electrolyte. This is in contrast to the much used non-aqueous media with large organic salts as supporting electrolyte. We also report on the novel role of sodium thiosulphate as an electro-catalyst in the polythiophene redox process leading to tremendous improvement in the film electrode transfer kinetics/faradaic process. II. Experimental Section: Analytical grade acids were used as received without further purification. The thiophene and aniline monomers were triply distilled until a colorless liquid was obtained prior to use. The liquids were purged using an inert gas and stored under nitrogen. Triply distilled water or de-ionised water from a Millipore-purification system was used, in preparation of the electrolyte solutions. The cyclic voltammograms were generated from a potentiostat/galvanostat used in conjunction with a universal programmer which generated the cyclical potential waves. The signals were then fed into an x-y recorder. The modification of the carbon graphite working electrode was achieved by cycling the potential of the working electrode within a given potential window in an electrolyte solution containing thiophene or aniline monomer. The clay montmorillonite modification of the carbon graphite working electrode surface was achieved as discussed by Orata and Segor (62-63).


In this paper, we have addressed the issue of the sparse compression complexity for the speech signals. First of all, this work illustrated the effect of the signal length on the complexity levels of Matching Pursuit (MP) and Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) algorithms. Also, this paper introduced a study of possibility to reduce that complexity by exploiting the shared atoms among the contiguous speech compressions. By comparing the shared atoms levels and a threshold level induced by an analytic model based on the both the central and non-central hyper-geometric distributions, we proved the ability of the shared atoms criterion to detect if there is biasing towards a subspace of atoms or not, and to decide if the biasing occurs due to the redundancy in the dictionary of atoms, or due to the redundancy in the signal itself. Moreover, we suggested a subspace bias-based approaches for complexity reduction called "Atoms Reuse" and "Active Cluster". Both methods exploits the higher levels of the shared atoms to reduce the compression complexity by reducing the search space during the pursuit iterations.


This article presents the partial results of the extension project "Flores do Barro: mapping and ideation of the handicraft production chain". Which aims to propose, through design and its dialogic character, strategies for resource enhancement for the production and commercialization of the ceramic group Flor do Barro in Alto do Moura, Caruaru - Pernambuco - Brazil. The work method used was designed based on the Handicraft Production Chain Analysis Model. Method developed by the Design Laboratory O Imaginário/UFPE- Federal University of Pernambuco, to collect information from the actors involved in the stages: identification of the raw material; production processes and market access. As a result, we can identify obstructions and/or bottlenecks in relation to "know-how" practices, as well as opportunities to improve the approximation of other market niches with an emphasis on the community's creative and productive capacity.


A series of oligofluorenes bearing two 3,6-dipyrenylcarbazole units as the terminal substituents, namely BPCFn (n = 1–3), were successfully synthesized and characterized as non-doped hole-transporting blue emitters. These molecules showed strong blue emission with good solubility, and thermally stable amorphous and excellent film-forming properties. OLEDs using these materials as the emissive layers were fabricated by a simple solution spin-coating process. The blue OLED with excellent device performance (brightness of 6085 cd m−2, luminance efficiency of 4.13 cd A−1 and turn-on voltage of 3.4 V) was attained from BPCF3.


Abstract. Fe50Pt50–xPdx (at. %, x = 0, 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50) alloy epitaxial films are prepared on MgO(001) substrates at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 600 °C by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. The effects of substrate temperature and Pd/Pt composition on the order degree, c-axis distribution, and magnetic property are investigated. With increasing the substrate temperature, L10 ordering is enhanced for all the compositions. The order degree of film deposited at 600 °C decreases from 0.37 to 0.23 as the x value increases from 0 to 12.5 at. %. With further increasing the x value, the order degree increases up to 0.69. The Fe50Pt50–xPdx films with x 25 consist of only an L10(001) single-crystal with the c-axis perpendicular to the substrate surface, whereas the films with x < 25 involve two types of L10(100) variant with the c-axis lying in the film plane in addition to L10(001) variant. The c-axis distribution is influenced by the Pd/Pt composition. The magnetic anisotropy is reflecting the c-axis distribution and the order degree.