A high temporal bandwidth x-ray detector has been developed for time resolved one dimensional x-ray imaging experiments. The detector serves as a high gain, high quantum efficiency preamplifier for a streak camera, and consists of a reflective x-ray photocathode, an active microchannel plate, optional electrostatic optics, and a sub-nanosecond phosphor. The optional electrostatic optics allows the detector to be used for either two dimensional imaging with a 100 picosecond framing (without focusing optics), or as a high gain one dimensional imaging detector, with either a 100 picosecond gated Reticon camera, or a streak camera. Other versions of the one dimensional detector have been developed, in which the microchannel plate which employs a reflective photocathode on the front surface of the microchannel plate, is replaced with a transmission photocathode consisting of a photocathode deposited on a thin polypropylene foil. The detector exhibits a time resolution of 400 picoseconds FWHM, a spatial resolution of 350 pm with an electron compression of ten to one (100μm resolution without compression). Quantum efficiency of 40% have been achieved, and effective quantum efficiency greater than 100% have been achieved with the one dimensional electrostatic optics. Data will be presented on the efficiency, time response and spatial resolution of the one dimensional detectors.


The success of businesses is due, in part, to what their employees know and how effectively they
acquire and incorporate new knowledge into their job. Institutions are operating in a competitive
marketplace, creating a need for more business-education partnerships for distance education. GNC
University is one such partnership between General Nutrition Centers, Inc. (GNC) and the College of
Agricultural and Life Sciences at the University of Florida.
GNC University is a series of three online courses designed to teach fundamental nutrition concepts to
GNC employees. To evaluate the effectiveness of this project, growth in participants' ability to implement a
set of specific skills and knowledge was measured for the second and third courses. The three competencies
assessed were chosen based on data collected during the first course. Participants rated their competency
level on a 7-item scale using a pretest-posttest online questionnaire.
Results of paired samples t-tests indicated significant growth for all three competencies; for students
(N=182) who completed Course 2, career use of nutrition concepts increased from a pretest mean of 4.92 to
a post test mean of 5.78; personal use of nutrition concepts increased from M=4.98 to M=5.40 and use of
computer technology increased from M=5.04 to M= 5.61. For Course 3 (N=276), means increased from
M=5.22 to M=5.85 for career use of nutrition concepts, from M=5.15 to M=5.78 for personal use of nutrition
concepts and from M=5.19 to M=5.64 for use of technology, indicating that GNC University had a
significant effect on skill and knowledge levels of participants.


The three-dimensional reconstruction technology is an important tool to analyze and study external shape and space status of special objects. The two-dimensional image series of an object, obtained by optical image sensor, can be used to perform three-dimensional reconstruction. But there exist cases that some objects are covered by some media or located inside some media. Hence, we can only analyze the distance sequences from onedimensional sensors to obtain three-dimensional information of the target. However, because of little information and weak correlation with one-dimensional data, it is very difficult to restore the complete three-dimensional information. A novel method is proposed to perform three-dimensional reconstruction by mining one-dimensional range data sequences. This method can be widely used in most of the one-dimensional sensor systems. Finally, simulation experiments on two typical radar systems show the feasibility and efficiency of our proposed method.


Now rank universities are actively carry out the physical education of Chinese traditional sports, including tai chi course is the most common, and colleges and universities are equipped with the corresponding physical education teachers to teach tai chi chuan, this for the development and popularization of taijiquan provides a good place to start. This article adopts the method of mathematical statistics analysis to tai chi course in common colleges and universities as the research object to study. As a result, the taijiquan movement cultures the present situation in China and its influence on college students. In ordinary colleges and universities in Beijing, although many colleges and universities opened a tai chi class movement of physical education, but, in the eyes of students did not get the attention, practiced tai chi and the number of people willing to practice tai chi chuan for a long time not many.


Aims. Spectral index images can be used to constraint the energy spectrum of relativistic electrons and magnetic field distribution in radio halos and relics, providing useful information to understand their formation, evolution and connection to cluster merger processes. Methods. We present low-frequency images of the two clusters of galaxies: A2744 and A2219, in which a wide diffuse emission is detected. Observations were made with the Very Large Array at the frequency of 325 MHz. For both clusters deep Very Large Array 1.4 GHz observations are available. Combining the 325 MHz and 1.4 GHz data, we obtained the spectral index images and the brightness radial profiles of the diffuse radio emission with a resolution of ~1´. Results. The azimuthally averaged spectral index in A2744 is constant to a value close to $\alpha\simeq$ 1 up to a distance of 1 Mpc from the cluster center. However, the spectral index image shows the presence of localized regions in which the radio spectrum is significantly different from the average. The observed spectral index variations range from a minimum of $\alpha \simeq$ 0.7 ± 0.1 to a maximum $\alpha \simeq$ 1.5 ± 0.2. From the comparison of the spectral index with the X-ray data it is found for the first time that the flat spectrum regions of the radio halo tend to have higher temperature. In the case of A2219, the radio emission in the central regions of the cluster is dominated by a blend of discrete sources. The azimuthally averaged radio spectrum is $\alpha\simeq$ 0.8 in the central region of the cluster and is close to $\alpha\simeq$ 1 in the radio halo. The limited sensitivity of the 325 MHz image does not allow us to detect all the radio halo structure seen at 1.4 GHz and therefore no constraints on the point-to-point variations of the spectral index have been obtained for this cluster.


The pervasiveness of deep neural networks (DNNs) in technology, matched with the ubiquity of cloud-based training and transfer learning, is giving rise to a new frontier for cybersecurity whereby `structural malware' is manifest as compromised weights and activation pathways for unsecure DNNs. In particular, DNNs can be designed to have backdoors in which an adversary can easily and reliably fool a classifier by adding to any image a pattern of pixels called a trigger. Since DNNs are black-box algorithms, it is generally difficult to detect a backdoor or any other type of structural malware. To efficiently provide a reliable signal for the absence/presence of backdoors, we propose a rapid feature-generation step in which we study how DNNs respond to noise-infused images with varying noise intensity. This results in titration curves, which are a type of `fingerprinting' for DNNs. We find that DNNs with backdoors are more sensitive to input noise and respond in a characteristic way that reveals the backdoor and where it leads (i.e,. its target). Our empirical results demonstrate that we can accurately detect a backdoor with high confidence orders-of-magnitude faster than existing approaches (i.e., seconds versus hours). Our method also yields a titration-score that can automate the detection of compromised DNNs, whereas existing backdoor-detection strategies are not automated.


Abstract : Isolated duodenal injury is uncommon with significant mortality (6 to 25) and morbidity(30to 60) because the retroperitoneal situation of most of the duodenum makes rupture difficult to detect. Duodenal injury with leakage of bowel content along with bacterial contamination in retroperitoneum makes repair difficult. Mortality is usually due to the associated organ injuries .Successful surgical repair of a duodenal rupture was first reported in 1896, but it was not until 1905 that the first detailed case report of a survival appeared. Since this time, the number of patients with duodenal injuries increased markedly largely because of increased numbers of automobile accidents and the increased violence on our streets. Thus, physicians treating civilian trauma are being confronted with increasing numbers of duodenal injuries. Surgical management of duodenal injuries as presented in the literature is controversial, if not somewhat contradictory. The experience of most surgeons in this disorder is still limited by its relative infrequency. The surgical literature on duodenal injuries mostly consists of isolated case reports or collective reviews of small series and few authors have had sufficient experience with this injury to develop comprehensive analyses of the problem. Furthermore, many reported series include patients treated by highly variable surgical techniques during the early part of the twentieth century when principles of pre- and postoperative care were poorly developed.


Our research is focused on improving the detection capabilities of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with pathological significance within breast cancer 1, early onset gene (BRCA1). We employed the BRCA1 canonical probe sequence containing the common C allele and probes including the mismatches caused by C replacement with any of the other nucleotides (A, G or T). Two immobilization buffers with distinct pH and salt concentration were involved in the experimental and statistical analyses in order to assess the detection specificity and stability over time of the tethered probes in oligonucleotide microarrays. A high spreading of data points (standard deviation 0.16) was acquired from the fluorescent hybridization signal of the DNA probes diluted in Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS), while the Disodium Phosphate (Na2HPO4) buffer was recommended by a standard deviation of 0.08 for further investigations. The high specificity of mismatch detection of DNA probes diluted in Na2HPO4 buffer was established by Student�s t test, revealing the statistical reliability of the DNA-printed slides after 1, 4, 8 and 21 days.

https://revistadechimie.ro/pdf/80 BANU M 2 19.pdf


Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh is facing high urbanization rate and acute housing crisis. Most of the middle.income households do Tlotown their house, and they live into rented houses. Several factors influence the decisions for choosing residential area and a rentat'housc in a locality by the middle-income families and it varies with respect of the family structures. 'fhe dwellers make some negotiations among the cboices regarding selection of location and type of house. The objective of the study is to address the relatively importance of rental house locations and a rental apartments choice criteria by the middle-income dwellers by applying Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The study attempts to dctcnnine the relative weight of selected variables on the basis of elicitation through. questionnaire survey of three types of middle-income single families: type Ahaving no school going children, type Bhaving school going children and type Chaving children who arc {)ldcr than school going age. The study reveals that all types of middle.income families give priority to proximity to workplace for selecting present apartment location; it is high for family type A. The families type B prefer eloseness to sehool equally to the distance to workplace. Then comes the importance of distance to market that is slightly more important than distance to bus stop to all of the family types. These families evaluate more the , physical attributes like planning of neighborhood, municipal service, and road width compared to social attributes. Proximity to open area finds least importance to all of the family types. The residents are hardly satisfied completely with the housing environment. The diftcrence of the comparative importance of the variables for selecting the existing apartment location verses the preferred apartment location is predominant for planning ofncighborhood and municipal faciiities. All of the family types evaluated the factor affordability mostly for apartment selection, since, family type B consider it most important. Utility services get the second priority and number of bedrO()mget the third rank, Number of be<Jroomhas relatively more importance to the families that have higher household size. All orthe target families have compromised the qualities of utility services and availability of air and sunlight to attain other apartment qualities in the present apartment.


The nuclear changes involved in the two maturation divisions of G. japonicus have been studied in considerable detail. All observations compel a telosynaptic interpretation. The duality, an apparent parasynapsis, as seen beginning from synizesis up to diplotene is a result of a longitudinal splitting of the chromosomes joined end to end. Strepsinema is brought about by breaking up of the diplotene thread into segments, which really are pairs of synaptic mates in end‐to‐end union; each segment then bends at its middle to form V‐ or ring‐tetrads. There are altogether twenty tetrads. All chromosomes assume a rod shape when in the metaphase plate. A pair of heterochromosomes was observed to be slower than the rest in assuming the rod shape and in getting into the plate. The marching of the synaptic mates toward their respective poles is asynchronous. Second division begins right after the chromosomes have reached the poles. Zwischenkörper observed at the end of the second division are regarded as formed by the granules seen in the polar regions during the first division.


Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are broadly used in numerous applications such as computer vision and image classification. Although CNN models deliver state-of-the-art accuracy, they require heavy computational resources that are not always affordable or available on every platform. Limited performance, system cost, and energy consumption, such as in edge devices, argue for the optimization of computations in neural networks. Toward this end, we propose herein the value-locality-based compression (VELCRO) algorithm for neural networks. VELCRO is a method to compress general-purpose neural networks that are deployed for a small subset of focused specialized tasks. Although this study focuses on CNNs, VELCRO can be used to compress any deep neural network. VELCRO relies on the property of value locality, which suggests that activation functions exhibit values in proximity through the inference process when the network is used for specialized tasks. VELCRO consists of two stages: a preprocessing stage that identifies output elements of the activation function with a high degree of value locality, and a compression stage that replaces these elements with their corresponding average arithmetic values. As a result, VELCRO not only saves the computation of the replaced activations but also avoids processing their corresponding output feature map elements. Unlike common neural network compression algorithms, which require computationally intensive training processes, VELCRO introduces significantly fewer computational requirements. An analysis of our experiments indicates that, when CNNs are used for specialized tasks, they introduce a high degree of value locality relative to the general-purpose case. In addition, the experimental results show that without any training process, VELCRO produces a compression-saving ratio in the range 13.5–30.0% with no degradation in accuracy. Finally, the experimental results indicate that, when VELCRO is used with a relatively low compression target, it significantly improves the accuracy by 2–20% for specialized CNN tasks.


Generalized entropic functionals are in an active area of research. Hence lower and upper bounds on these functionals are of interest. Lower bounds for estimating Renyi conditional $\alpha$-entropy and two kinds of non-extensive conditional $\alpha$-entropy are obtained. These bounds are expressed in terms of error probability of the standard decision and extend the inequalities known for the regular conditional entropy. The presented inequalities are mainly based on the convexity of some functions. In a certain sense, they are complementary to generalized inequalities of Fano type.


Background: The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence, predisposing factors of syphilis among the pregnant women attending antenatal care service, Khartoum state 2009. Methods: Descriptive cross- sectional study conducted among a simple random sample of 700 pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) services in Khartoum State health facilities. The data were collected by a questionnaire and blood samples investigation by using the Rapid Plasma Reagent Test (RPR). Descriptive method as well as inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Results: Most of the respondents were housewives (90.7%). (92%) of them were married for the first time, 81.1% had formal education. 39% know nothing about syphilis. Only 13.5 % knew the right causative agent, but some of them had information about the ways of protection. 38% of them had knowledge about unsafe or unprotected sex. 26% mentioned that having sex with one partner is very important for their safety. The most common sources of their information were friends followed by TV, radio and health personal. The overall Syphilis sero-prevalence was (3%). (63.6%) of the respondents knew about the possibility of transmission from the infected pregnant mother to her child. only (44.6%) of them heard about condoms, of them only (47.3%) had seen condoms and (50.8 %) knew from where to get it. 33.3% had used the condoms. (3%) of the participating pregnant ladies stated that they had sex outside the marriage and (73%) of them had it during marriage. Conclusions: The main recommendations were to augment syphilis diagnosis and treatment in antenatal care service and sexually transmitted disease programs, and to conduct effective health education programs to raise the awareness about the disease, its prevention and control to the good of the pregnant ladies and to the community at large.


The double Capelli polynomial of total degree 2t is Σ{(sgστ)x σ(1) y τ(1) x σ(2) y τ(2) ...x σ(t) y τ(t) σ, τ ∈ S t }. It was proved by Giambruno-Sehgal and Chang that the double Capelli polynomial of total degree 4n is a polynomial identity for M n (F). (Here, F is a field and M n (F) is the algebra of n x n matrices over F.) Using a strengthened version of this result obtained by Domokos, we show that the double Capelli polynomial of total degree 4n - 2 is a polynomial identity for any proper F-subalgebra of M n (F). Subsequently, we present a similar result for nonsplit inequivalent extensions of full matrix algebras.


OBJECTIVE
To define the diagnostic value of ultrasonographic (US) examination in comparison with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the assessment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

METHODS
MRI and US examinations were performed in 33 patients (22 with RA and 11 with PsA). Alterations of the disc, alterations of the condyle and joint effusion were evaluated.

RESULTS
Pathological changes of the TMJ were observed by MRI in 24 patients and by US in 31 patients. The sensitivity and specificity of US were calculated in comparison with MRI. The sensitivity was 72.2% and the specificity was 60% in the assessment of pathological changes of the TMJ. The sensitivity was 69.6% with specificity of 30.0% in the assessment of alterations of the disc; the sensitivity was 70.6% with specificity of 75.0% in the assessment of joint effusion. Significant concordance was not observed in the assessment of condylar alterations.

CONCLUSIONS
US imaging appears able to detect different pathological changes of the TMJ and may be considered an important diagnostic tool for clinical evaluation of the TMJ in RA and PsA.


A study of the spin asymmetries for polarized elastic proton-proton collisions in the electromagnetic hadronic interference [Coulomb nuclear interference (CNI)] region of momentum transfer provides a method of self-calibration of proton polarization. The method can be extended to non-identical spin half scattering so that, in principle, the polarization of a proton may be obtained through an analysis of its elastic collision with a different polarized particle, ${}^{3}\mathrm{He},$ for instance. Sufficiently large CNI spin asymmetries provide enough information to facilitate the evaluation of nearly all the helicity amplitudes at small t as well as the polarization of both initial spin half fermions. Thus it can serve equally well as a polarimeter for ${}^{3}\mathrm{He}.$


Background Pertuzumab and trastuzumab (P and H; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, CH) bind to distinct HER2 subdomains and have complementary modes of anticancer activity in HER2-positive breast cancer (BC). A global Phase II study (NeoSphere) reported that neoadjuvant treatment with P+H+docetaxel (D) significantly increased breast pathologic complete response (bpCR) vs H+D in patients (pts) with early/locally advanced/inflammatory HER2-positive BC (Gianni et al. Lancet Oncol 2012). PEONY (NCT02586025), a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase III trial conducted in an Asian population (mainland China, Taiwan, Korea, Thailand), primarily compared the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of P+H+D vs placebo (Pla)+H+D in the neoadjuvant setting. We present data from the primary analysis. Methods Pts with centrally confirmed HER2-positive early (T2–3, N0–1)/locally advanced (T2–3, N2 or N3; T4, any N) BC were randomized 2:1 to 4 cycles of P+H+D or Pla+H+D every 3 weeks, before surgery: P, 840 mg loading/420 mg maintenance doses (or Pla); H, 8 mg/kg loading/6 mg/kg maintenance; D, 75 mg/m2. Post-surgery, pts received 3 cycles of fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide followed by 13 cycles of P+H or Pla+H for up to 1 year (total of 17 HER2-targeted therapy cycles). The primary endpoint was total pCR rate (tpCR; absence of any residual invasive cancer in the breast and lymph nodes [ypT0/is, ypN0]) assessed by independent review committee (IRC) when pts completed surgery with a tpCR assessment. Missing/invalid assessments were considered residual disease. Results A total of 329 pts were randomized: 219 to P, 110 to Pla. Baseline characteristics were well balanced. Most pts had early BC (69.6%) and were from mainland China (79.3%). In the intention-to-treat population, the tpCR rate by IRC was 39.3% in the P arm and 21.8% in the Pla arm; a clinically and statistically significant difference of 17.5% (95% CI 6.9–28.0; p=0.0014). The local pathologist-assessed tpCR rates were 39.3% and 20.9%, respectively. A consistent treatment benefit of P vs Pla was observed in subgroups. Incidences of grade ≥3 adverse events (Aes) were 48.6% in the P arm and 41.8% in the Pla arm. Of the most common grade 3 Aes (≥3% of pts), neutropenia was higher in the P arm (38.1% vs 32.7%). Of the most common any-grade Aes (≥5%), diarrhea was higher in the P arm (38.5% vs 16.4%). No heart failure (New York Heart Association Functional Classification III or IV) or significant left ventricular ejection fraction decline events (≥10 percentage points from baseline and to Conclusions PEONY met its primary endpoint: P+H+D resulted in a clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvement in the tpCR rate by IRC vs Pla+H+D for the neoadjuvant treatment of HER2-positive early/locally advanced BC in Asian pts. Safety data were in line with the known P safety profile and generally comparable between treatment arms. Results were similar to NeoSphere, and confirm that P+H+D provides superior anticancer activity to H+D alone. Citation Format: Shao Z, Pang D, Yang H, Li W, Wang S, Cui S, Liao N, Wang Y, Wang C, Chang Y-C, Wang H, Kang SY, Jiang Z, Li J, Zhou J, Althaus B, Mao Y, Eng-Wong J. Pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and docetaxel for HER2-positive early or locally advanced breast cancer in the neoadjuvant setting: Efficacy and safety analysis of a randomized phase III study in Asian patients (PEONY) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-17-17.


SATRA has formulated a series of test routines designed to give realistic predictions of normal service performance and safety of homeware.


In recent years, technological advances induced by the Internet of Things paradigm have led to the development and diffusion of remote healthcare monitoring systems, known as e-health or telemedicine. The positive repercussions of these new technologies are multiple in terms of people's health and economic benefits. "Remote medicine" reduces the need of hospital admissions, allowing the specialist to monitor the necessary biomedical parameters from home or workplace, thus optimizing the time and commitment of patients and health professionals. Furthermore, there is a psychological benefit, i.e., remote monitoring allows patients to live their lives more serenely and comfortably, respecting better therapeutic indications. In this framework, the present contribution discusses in detail the Chroma project: a new medical obstetrics device for the remote measuring and transmitting of pregnant women's biomedical parameters based on cardiotocography technology and developed at the Department of Architecture and Industrial Design of the University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli'.


There are introduced two lemmas concerning certain properties
of unitary and orthogonal matrices. Then, using the lemmas, it
is proved that the unitary and orthogonal almost periodic
difference systems, which do not have any nontrivial almost
periodic solutions, and also the systems, whose all solutions
are almost periodic, form dense subsets of the set of all
studied systems.


Along with the development of the society,speeding up of urbanization and enhancement of people's living condition,the public have a higher demand to the quantity of public products and the quality of public service.At present,there are many disadvantages and some ineffective places in public services in our government,which are caused from many aspects: the high cost of government causes the public finance insufficient investment to the public products;low efficiency causes the low quality of the public service;some unfair things cause the distribution of public product;the bad awareness of service and the dereliction of duty bring a lot of problems to people.These cause a bad influence on the effective operation and the coordinated development of the society,which also restrict the constructing process of the well—off society.So it is necessary that the public service mechanism of government should be reformed and its function should be improved.


A measurement of the history of cosmic star formation is central to understanding the origin and evolution of galaxies. The measurement is extremely challenging using electromagnetic radiation: significant modeling is required to convert luminosity to mass, and to properly account for dust attenuation, for example. Here we show how detections of gravitational waves from inspiraling binary black holes made by proposed third-generation detectors can be used to measure the star formation rate (SFR) of massive stars with high precision up to redshifts of ∼10. Depending on the time-delay model, the predicted detection rates ranges from ∼2310 to ∼56,740 per month with the current measurement of local merger rate density. With 30,000 detections, parameters describing the volumetric SFR can be constrained at the few percent level, and the volumetric merger rate can be directly measured to 3% at z ∼ 2. Given a parameterized SFR, the characteristic delay time between binary formation and merger can be measured to ∼60%.


Introduction: Deciphering the origin and evolution of the lunar highland crust is crucial to understanding of the Moon's early magmatic (and impact) history. Three major groups of highland rocks have been discovered based on the returned Apollo samples and lunar meteorites: ferroan anorthosite suite (FAN), Mg suite (HMS) and alkali suite (HAS). HAS is only a minor component of the lunar crust in terms of total volume based on the available samples. As its name suggests, HAS has anomalously high alkali contents (generally >0.1 wt% K2O and >0.3 wt% Na2O) while the bulk Moon is known to be depleted in alkali elements [1]. Despite its unique high alkali contents and importance to understanding of lunar petrogenesis, study of these rocks is difficult due to their small size. It has been recognized that the HAS was not related to mare basalts [2], nor had a close affinity to ferroan anorthosite [3]. However, the incompatible trace element data and Sm-Nd isotopic systematics suggest a link between HMS, HAS and KREEP [1]. It has been suggested that both HMS and HAS were cumulate products of continuous crystallization of parental basaltic magmas similar to the KREEP basalts [e.g., 1,3,4]. Shervais and McGee [4] further concluded that magma mixing, anorthosite assimilation and postcumulus reequilibration involved in the formation and evolution of alkali anorthosite in addition to fractional crystallization in a KREEP-like basalt parental magma.


Концерн «Росэнергоатом» выпустил книгу о технологиях искусственного интеллекта.
 These days, artificial intelligence has become the growth driver for many industries aiming to change society's way of life. Virtually on a daily basis, many experts now have to deal with AI projects-related issues and assess the necessary investments. Rosenergoatom Group has sponsored the publication of the book "Artificial intelligence. Analysis, trends, global expertise", where major questions surrounding the subject matter are answered in a clear and easy-to-understand manner.


Marquez's Hundred Years of Solitude to the theme of loneliness,to magical surrealist art technique for readers of Latin America's magic show of life,writing in the eyes of many ordinary people in real life impossible.He expressed implicitly,described delicate,with a smooth narrative tone of uncertainty from the image in the reader slowly to appreciate the deeper meaning of loneliness,Allow people access to more rational thinking,to face their own lives and society.


ion, and obviously involve a vastly larger postponement of decision. A policy leaves to the addressee the entire job of figuring out how the stated objective is to be achieved, save only as the policy may be limited by rules and standards which mark the outer bounds of permissible choice. A principle gives the addressee only the additional help of a reason for what he is to try to do. Id. at 141-42. 38. Id. at 153. 39. Id. at 153-54. 40. Id. at 157. 41. Id. at 164. 42. Id. Hart and Sacks describe this general legislative attitude as "discretion." Id. at 165. "For a legislature is in session only intermittently. The number of problems within its authority vastly exceed the number with which in any one session it has time to grapple. A choice of the matters deemed most urgent must, therefore, be made." Id. Moreover, in the exercise of this discretion, legislators do the following: [L]egislators make two very distinct types of changes in the law governing private activity. The first type consists simply of changes in the grounds of decision that courts are directed to employ — of changes in other words, in the content of self-applying regulatory arrangements. The second consists of innovations in techniques of control going beyond the mere reformulation of grounds of decision. Id. 8 Akron Law Review, Vol. 38 [2005], Iss. 4, Art. 11 http://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/akronlawreview/vol38/iss4/11 BLOMQUIST1.DOC 5/2/2005 9:00:26 AM 2005] THE GOOD AMERICAN LEGISLATOR 903 B. Lawmaking and the Political Process In chapter four of The Legal Process, Hart and Sacks hint at how an individual state legislator in America must be aware of the interplay of initiatives and referenda as legal devices of direct popular lawmaking that often interact with a state legislature in making new laws. Furthermore, in this part of their book, Hart and Sacks discuss the concepts of legislative reapportionment and election procedure that are relevant for both state and federal legislators to be aware of in navigating their individual efforts at re-election. At the end of chapter four, in a concluding "Note on the Relation Between the Voters' Choice and the Determination of Public Policy By the Legislature," Hart and Sacks make a number of significant points on what American voters can expect from their elected legislators. 45 First, reflecting on the American constitutional conception "that approximate equality in voting population ought to be taken as the overriding norm of fairness in legislative districting," the authors intellectually anchored this notion to the philosophical presupposition of "the legislature as the embodiment of the public will which ought . . . to reflect accurately the various attitudes and interests that people have." Hart and Sacks suggest that this constitutes a "basic misconception of the nature of the lawmaking process[.]" Asking a series of rhetorical questions to follow up this point, they assert: Are good statutes simply a reflection of what people already think? Compare the notion . . . that the people can make good laws by simply voting initiative petitions up or down. The legislature is an instrument, is it not, for arriving at general consensus and not an automatic Gallup poll for recording a consensus already arrived at? 43. Id. at 649-70. While a federal legislator is not subject to a national referendum or initiative to challenge his legislative work product, since the federal Constitution, unlike the constitutions of the several states, lacks any procedure for initiative or referendum, a federal legislator representing a state with an initiative or referendum procedure set forth in the state constitution should probably be concerned about direct popular lawmaking. 44. Id. at 670-86. 45. Id. at 687-91. 46. Id. at 687. 47. Id. In this regard, Hart and Sacks observe, "[c]ompare the traditional conception of French public law that the legislature is an 'emanation' from the people, and, indeed the legal equivalent of the people themselves. 'The law (loi) is the general will, expressed either by the majority of citizens or a majority of their representatives.'" Id. (emphasis added) (citing FR. CONST. art VI). 48. Id. 49. Id. 9 Blomquist: The Good American Legislator Published by IdeaExchange@UAkron, 2005 BLOMQUIST1.DOC 5/2/2005 9:00:26 AM 904 AKRON LAW REVIEW [38:895 A second observation Hart and Sacks make on voter preference and legislator lawmaking is that in the American system of legislative voting, where the executive is independently elected to a fixed term of office and individual legislators are, likewise, independently elected to fixed terms of office, "majorities are more likely to be shifting ones than in the parliamentary systems." Therefore: The summoning of a majority for legislative action—whether it be a continuing majority to support a government, a more or less stable majority to try to execute a party program, or a constantly shifting majority to enact a series of bills—calls necessarily for accommodation of conflicting views. The ways in which the effort at accommodation proceeds is of the essence of the legislative process. Third, in legislative elections, each voter may only vote for one candidate. Since the successful candidate will identify himself with a particular measure, "the vote for him will to a degree be a vote for or against these measures." However, "the significance of the vote in this respect is necessarily severely limited" for at least three reasons. First, "the legislator, no matter how fully he has adumbrated his views as a candidate, can seldom be sure that the majority or plurality of the voters who elected him represent also a majority or plurality of opinion for or against any particular measure." Secondly, "the voter can at most only express an opinion for or against the general policy of a proposed measure. [However, t]he practicalities of a campaign debar any meaningful discussion of the details of legislative proposals, even when these are of crucial importance and it is foreseeable that they are important." Finally, a legislator who is affiliated with one of the two 50. Id. at 688. 51. Id. (emphasis added). 52. Id. 53. Id. 54. Id. 55. Id. As Hart and Sacks further elaborate: In the case of major issues which dominated the campaign, this may not be true. But in the case of most of the issues upon which the legislator must vote it will necessarily be true. All that any voter could do in the ballot box was to express a judgment on the totality of a candidate's views and personal qualities — thumbs up or thumbs down. Personal qualities and not specific views at all may have determined the outcome of the election. But even if it be assumed that views were controlling, if the issues were many, as they ordinarily are, the number of possible combinations that could have yielded a favorable vote is so great as to make it either difficult or impossible to determine what the vote was on any particular issue. Id. at 688-89. 56. Id. at 689. Moreover: 10 Akron Law Review, Vol. 38 [2005], Iss. 4, Art. 11 http://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/akronlawreview/vol38/iss4/11 BLOMQUIST1.DOC 5/2/2005 9:00:26 AM 2005] THE GOOD AMERICAN LEGISLATOR 905 major American political parties must accommodate his views on particular issues to the party program or platform which "must be designed to secure approval and support from a majority of the electorate as a whole for the government in power." Thus, "there must be negotiation and accommodation of interests and desires among the representatives of many groups, economic, social, and geographical." In concluding their thoughts on lawmaking and the political process in chapter three of The Legal Process, Hart and Sacks offer a series of incisive and powerful questions about the relationship between the electorate and each voter's individual legislator in the making of law: In relation to how many . . . proposals [for legislative enactment] can useful guidance from the last election be counted upon? In relation to how many would the details of bills and the final question of enactment vel non be better left to ministerial decision in fulfillment of previous commitments to the electorate? In relation to how many is there genuine value in investigation, committee hearing and consultation, and floor debate by legislators who remain relatively free to vote yes or vote no? On balance, how significantly can an election function as a first step in The voter is even more clearly excluded from judgment with respect to those matters which emerge as important only in the course of legislative consideration and debate. What positions must be yielded in order to muster the necessary majority to pass the bill? What positions ought to be yielded because in the testing crucible of the legislative process they have been exposed as unsound? At what point do changes in detail call for a change of view about the underlying policy of the bill? Upon all such questions the voter in the end must trust the judgment of the representative. So also must he do this with respect to social problems arising after the election, which were not discussed in the campaign at all. Id. (emphasis added). 57. Id. 58. Id. Interestingly: In this process of hammering out a comprehensive legislative program, the constituents of an independent legislator have the advantage, if it is an advantage, of being represented by a free lance, able to throw his weight one way or another as the expediencies seem to suggest. But this advantage is gained at the cost of any opportunity to judge in advance, or give direction to, the alignments which the representative makes. A prime function of political parties is to furnish the voters this opportunity. The platform of a political party presents them with a pre-election plan of group action, including a preview of the accommodations of position among the various sub-groups which are deemed necessary to effectuate it. Id. 11 Blomquist: The Good American Legi


A boundary-defined filling algorithm for arbitrary regions and filling patterns is presented. It has the completeness property of Shani's graph-based algorithm, but avoids the necessity of drawing additional "blocking lines" between the cycle-sensitive subregions.


Particles have tremendous potential as astronomical messengers, and conversely, studying the universe as a whole also teaches us about particle physics. This thesis encompasses both of these research directions.
Many models predict a diffuse flux of high energy neutrinos from active galactic nuclei and other astrophysical sources. The "Astrophysics Underground" portion of this thesis describes a search for this neutrino flux performed by looking for very high energy upward-going muons using the Super-K detector.
In addition to using particles to do astronomy, we can also use the universe itself as a particle physics lab. The "Particle Physics in the Sky" portion of this thesis focuses on extracting cosmological information from galaxy surveys.
To overcome technical challenges faced by the latest galaxy surveys, we produced a comprehensive upgrade to mangle, a software package that processes the angular masks defining the survey area on the sky. We added dramatically faster algorithms and new useful features that are necessary for managing complex masks of current and next-generation galaxy surveys.
With this software in hand, we utilized SDSS data to investigate the relation between galaxies and dark matter by studying relative bias, i.e., the relation between different types of galaxies. Separating galaxies by their luminosities and colors reveals a complicated picture: red galaxies are clustered more strongly than blue galaxies, with both the brightest and the faintest red galaxies showing the strongest clustering. Furthermore, red and blue galaxies tend to occupy different regions of space. In order to make precise measurements from the next generation of galaxy surveys, it will be essential to account for this complexity.


Abstract For the trace map on an irreducible semigroup of n × n matrices over a field, I. N. Herstein presented a theorem in [3] which enables us to limit the nature of matrix groups of a certain kind. However, this is incorrect in general. For the theorem, we shall present a counter example, a revision, and some generalizations to non-irreducible semigroups.


A unified model for gate capacitance-voltage characteristics of Si/SiGe heterostructure pMOSFETs is presented. This model is applicable to buried-channel, surface-channel, and dual-channel Si/SiGe heterostructure pMOSFETs. The results from the model are compared with the experimental results and are found to be in excellent agreement. A simple and accurate method for the extraction of parameters such as the valence band offset, Si cap layer thickness, threshold voltages, and substrate doping is also presented in this paper.


Aiming at the technology demand of advanced copper interconnect, the effects of pulse on-time and pulse off-time on Copper film properties such as resistivity, grain size and surface roughness were investigated. The results showed that when duty cycle was smaller, the resistivity of Cu film was bigger and the crystal size was smaller. The level of pulse on-time and off-time should both be chosen at millisecond scale. When duty cycle was 40% to 60%, lower resistivity and bigger crystal size of Cu film would be easily obtained.


The invention discloses a coordination control method for grid connection non-Internet-surfing distribution type wind generating sets, and relates to the technical field of wind power generation to achieve the technical purpose of coordinating the generating capacity of the wind generating sets. According to the method, the generating capacity, the wind speed at the time t, the draught fan generated power at the time t, t-1 and t-2 and the power of grid connection points of each controlled wind generating set are acquired; secondly, the coordination control active state quantity and the coordination control reactive state quantity at the time t are calculated; thirdly, the active control signal aggregated value and the reactive control signal aggregated value at the time t are calculated, corresponding coordination control instructions are sent according to the worked out values , the generated power decreasing values or increasing values of the wind generating sets at the time t are calculated, the output conditions of the sets are calculated according to the worked out result, the steps are executed repeatedly, and coordination control over the wind generating sets is achieved. The method is suitable for the grid connection non-Internet-surfing distribution type wind generating sets.


Objective To evaluate the apical canal transportation and centralizing ability of Ni Ti instruments Wave One after root canal preparation by Micro-CT. Methods Forty extracted premolar teeth were randomly divided into four groups: A,B,C,D. Root canals were respectively prepared using Wave One( group A),motor Pro Taper( group B),hand Pro Taper( group C) nickel-titanium instruments with crown-down technique and using the stainless steel hand K-files with standardized technique( group D). A series of preoperative and postoperative images were taken by Micro-CT. Canal transportation and centralizing ability were measured with reference to the distance between the non-instrumented portion of the root canals and the mesial and distal periphery of the root.( Double root canals only recorded the buccal one.) Results In terms of canal transportation after preparation,Group A was less than the other three groups P 0. 05). The centring ratio value of group A was larger than that of the other three groups( P 0. 05). Conclusions Within the limitation of this present study,Wave One can well maintain the original root canal path and center in the preparation of root canal. Therefore,it has practical value for clinical use.


In the late 1980s, as coral reefs throughout the Caribbean and elsewhere fell victim to a phenomenon known as bleaching, a few scientists stated that greenhouse warming is upon us and that the exquisitely sensitive corals, reacting to elevated water temperatures, are serving as biological sentinels. This stirred up so much concern that Congress assigned the National Science Foundation (NSF) to investigate the connection between coral bleaching and global warming. Late last month investigators at an NSF-sponsored meeting rendered their verdict. Following the Miami meeting, which brought together, for the first time, climatologists, oceanographers, and meteorologists with marine biologists, ecologists, and other reef experts, the participants issued a statement saying essentially that, yes, higher temperatures seem to be at least partly at fault but, no, greenhouse warming cannot be blamed.


This paper investigates opportunities for commonality in exploration life support systems. Five different use cases are considered: life support in (1) an extravehicular activity suit for in-space use and on planetary surfaces, (2) the lunar lander, (3) a habitat for the lunar surface or Earth-Mars transit, (4) a pressurized rover, and (5) a Mars surface habitat. For each use case a quantitative analysis of architectural options is carried out and a set of interesting architectures is identified. Based on these interesting architectures, a set of interesting portfolios of system architectures, containing one interesting architecture per use case, is enumerated. Within these portfolios, a systematic analysis of opportunities for design and technology commonality is carried out. An assessment of the benefits and penalties of specific commonality opportunities is conducted, and a set of recommendations for interesting commonality opportunities and associated design implementations is derived. The results of these analyses indicate that the above portfolio of use cases will require the development of water regeneration, regenerative CO2 removal, and oxygen regeneration technologies. Specific opportunities for commonality include the use of common CO2 removal technology across all use cases, and the use of common water and oxygen regeneration systems for low-gravity use in lunar and Mars applications. Opportunities for reusing CEV carbon dioxide and humidity removal system designs on the lunar lander and as part of long-duration habitats were also identified.


In this work, biomaterial based microlasers were successfully fabricated by a cost effective, simple and environmental friendly method. The as-fabricated microlasers were made of biocompatible material including ovalbumin doped Rhodamine B at low weight percentage. The lasers are shaped as solid-state spheres with various diameters ranging from 20 μm to over 100 μm. It was shown that inside the spherical cavity which supported whispering gallery mode, a lasing emission was generated with a low threshold of 17.5 μJ/mm, and a high Q-factor of approximately 3000. The remarkable lasing properties of the dye doped ovalbumin microlasers are considered as important bases for their future biological and medical applications.


Objective To understand the ultrasound imaging characteristics and clinical diagnostic value of ectopic pregnancy.Method The clinical data of 93 cases with ectopic pregnancy were retrospectively analyzed.Results For 81 cases of pregnancy in oviductal ampulla,isthmus and fimbria,and the coincidence was 95.06%;4 cases of interstitial pregnancy,and the coincidence was 100%;one case of ovarian pregnancy,who was misdiagnosed;3 cases of cornual pregnancy,and the coincidence was 100%;cervical pregnancy in 4 cases,and the coincidence was 100%;non-ruptured ectopic pregnancy in 54 cases,and 39 cases of atypical.Conclusion Ultrasound examination is the preferred method of diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy,which is a non-invasive,repeatable method of checking,can timely and accurately position diagnosis,and provide strong evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment,with highly clinical value.


The author takes up the issues connected with human psyche, particularly with identity disorders with reference to mental health. That is why, her discussion starts with defining basic terms such as identity, consciousness, identity consciousness and "ego/self". The definitions of these notions appear not uniform in the literature of the subject. The author's reflections are largely based on the, so-called, microgenetic theory, which assumes that every single human behaviour in a given moment constitutes the culmination of the whole evolution process of evolution. Microgenesis is the next phase of evolution on a time scale, after phylogeny and ontogenesis. The concept of identity is presented in five different aspects. In the physical sense, identity is understood as continuity of bodily existence, i.e. DNA. In legal aspect, identity, primarily, consists in being alone. In sociology, the idea of identity of specific social groups is developed. Whereas identity in psychological sense has various meanings, however, the most important issue seems the fact that possessing psychological identity requires a relatively healthy brain; it does not exist outside human consciousness. Explaining identity in theological aspect, the author refers to Karol Wojtyla's views.


Razor is a hybrid technique for dynamic detection and correction of timing errors. A combination of error detecting circuits and micro-architectural recovery mechanisms creates a system that is robust in the face of timing errors, and can be tuned to an efficient operating point by dynamically eliminating unused timing margins. Savings from margin reclamation can be realized as per device power-efficiency improvement, or parametric yield improvement for a batch of devices. In this paper, we apply Razor to a 32 bit ARM processor with a micro-architecture design that has balanced pipeline stages with critical memory access and clock-gating enable paths. The design is fabricated on a UMC 65 nm process, using industry standard EDA tools, with a worst-case STA signoff of 724 MHz. Based on measurements on 87 samples from split-lots, we obtain 52% power reduction for the overall distribution at 1 GHz operation. We present error rate driven dynamic voltage and frequency scaling schemes where runtime adaptation to PVT variations and tolerance of fast transients is demonstrated. All Razor cells are augmented with a sticky error history bit, allowing precise diagnosis of timing errors over the execution of test vectors. We show potential for parametric yield improvement through energy-efficient operation using Razor.


Abstract : The 26 February 1979 solar eclipse provides an opportunity for controlled experiments to help differentiate among the several processes of D-region ionization. One major concern is whether the sources of ionization are largely solar or predominantly due to particle precipitation. Of equal importance are the electron attachment and detachment processes which determine the free electron densities. Comparisons of current gas-phase ion chemistry calculations with scattered available data show serious discrepancies for electron density variations above 70 km. The inclusion of a new class of reactions involving aerosols or particulates would seem to be indicated. A correct determination of D-region electron densities and electron attachment and detachment processes is necessary for proper utilization of Army communications systems and a better understanding of the effects of nuclear weapons in the middle atmosphere. (Author)


The authors summarize the world experience in the management of patients with penetrating abdominal wounds. A gradual transition from the concept of «mandatory laparotomy» to selective management and active-expectant approach in appropriate cases is described.


Preface 1. The origins of the game 2. A bigside at Rugby 3. Eton football 4. The Harrow game 5. The Winchester game 6. Rugby football in Scottish schools 7. The foundation and progress of the Rugby Football Union from 1870 to 1880 8. Progress of the Rugby Football Union from season 1880-1 to the present time 9. Past development in rugby football and the future of the game 10. International matches and players, 1871-80 11. International matches and players, 1871-80 12. International football, Scotland 13. International football, Ireland 14. International football, Wales 15. Rugby football at Oxford 16. Rugby football at Cambridge 17. Metropolitan football 18. County football, the county championship 19. County football, Lancashire 20. County football, Yorkshire 21. County football, recollections of Northumberland 22. County football, Cheshire 23. County football, the Midlands, Gloucester and Somerset 24. Foreign tours.


In this article the role of controlling is analyzed in creation of long-term competitive edges on the enterprises of small business, certainly pre-conditions and ways of creation of the system of controlling, as to the mean of achievement of strategic and tactical aims of small enterprise, certainly his basic instruments, the advantages of introduction of the system of controlling and organization of controlling service in the enterprise management system.


The present invention relates to a laminate to reduce the risk of fire caused by fuel oil spray formula bursting at room ship engine, the laminate is synthetic textile materials woven or non-woven, carbon fiber the fabric having a pressure resistance, abrasion resistance, weather resistance and weather resistance as the base material or a non-woven fabric, or glass fibers of claim woven or place to be used for non-woven fabric, and also, confidentiality and whereby the aluminum foil or copper foil having a plastic deformability prepared by bonding to the base material, the fuel oil is ejected in the laminate ship engine room expected by providing a wound to the taping method it is possible to simply prevent the ship's fire at an affordable cost.


It is an important part of improving college students' comprehensive quality to cultivate cross-cultural communicative competence and it should be prioritized in college English teaching. Only with communicative competence can students effectively communicate and convey messages with others in English. This paper introduces cross-cultural communication and points out problems in it among non-English major students. It finally put forward some ways to improve their communicative competence.


Manuscript received: 04.07.17; Revision accepted: 03.10.17 A 60‐year‐old female had large macular hole (MH) in the left eye (OS) with best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 6/18 [Fig. 1a]. Standard 25‐gauge pars plana vitrectomy was done. The internal limiting membrane (ILM) was peeled up to 2 disc diameter around the MH. A small bit of ILM was left behind around the edges of MH without being peeled which was trimmed and folded in MH on a multilayered fashion. Fluid‐air exchange followed by fluid‐gas exchange (SF6 [20%]) was done. The patient was advised to maintain face‐down position for a week.


Purpose: To evaluate the clinical features of intravitreal bevacizumab injection in patients with macular hemorrhage (submacular or subinternal limiting membrane hemorrhage) secondary to a retinal arterial macroaneurysm. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 17 eyes of 17 patients who underwent intravitreal bevacizumab injection with macular hemorrhage secondary to retinal arterial macroaneurysm. We evaluated the improvement of visual acuity and changes in central retinal thickness after intravitreal injections of bevacizumab. According to the final visual acuity, the characteristics of the good and poor visual prognoses groups were compared. Results: The mean age of patients (17 eyes) who underwent intravitreal bevacizumab treatment for macular hemorrhage secondary to retinal arterial macroaneurysm was 78.47 ± 7.84 years. The mean follow-up period was 3.99 ± 2.99 months, and the mean number of injections of bevacizumab was 2.12 ± 1.36. There were significant improvements in visual acuity and central retinal thickness, and the duration from symptom onset to treatment was shorter in patients with good visual prognoses. Conclusions: Intravitreal bevacizumab injection alone was effective for improving visual acuity and decreasing central retinal thickness in patients with macular hemorrhage secondary to retinal arterial macroaneurysms. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2019;60(4):323-330


A generalized synthesis of α-d-cholesterylglycosides has been achieved using one-pot per-O-trimethylsilyl glycosyl iodide glycosidation. Both cholesteryl α-d-glucopyranoside (αCG) and cholesteryl α-d-galactopyranoside were prepared in high yield. These compounds were further esterified using regioselective enzymatic acylation with tetradecanoyl vinyl ester to afford 6-O-tetradecanoyl-α-d-cholesteryl glucopyranoside (αCAG) of Helicobacter pylori and the corresponding galactose analogue in 66–78% overall yields from free sugars. The tandem step-economy sequence provides novel analogues to facilitate glycolipidomic profiling.


1. The coated film comprising: a carrier plenkupokrytie at least one surface of said base film, wherein said coating comprises: (a) vermiculite, (b) polymer capable of forming a film, (c) crosslinker, (d) chemical stabilizing agent comprising at least one of the following: - substances which contain cationic functional group comprising at least one of the following: lithium, alkyl C-Cammony, allilammony, heterocyclic ammonium, morpholinium, ammonium and amine C-Ci ^ alkyl carboxylic acids; - litie s cations in combination with anions comprising at least one of the following: carboxylic, phosphoric, phosphonium, and sulfonic fatty acids, chelating agents lithium and lithium salts; u ammonia, C-Camin, heterocyclic amines, lithium hydroxide, morpholine and morpholine oleate; said coating has a thickness in the range between 0,01 μ, and 0,70 μ, and said coated film has an oxygen transmission rate of less than 5.0 cm / 100 dyuymza 24 hours at 1 atmosphere pressure and 23 ° C.2. The coated film according to claim 1, wherein said coating comprises from 2 to 65 weight percent vermikulita.3. The coated film according to claim 1, wherein said chemical stabilizing agent is a lithium salt of C-Ckarbonovoy kisloty.4. The coated film according to claim 1, wherein said chemical stabilizing agent is lithium hydroxide, lithium citrate, lithium erythorbate, lithium stearate, n-butylamine, morpholine, ammonia or morpholine oleat.5. The coated film according to claim 1, wherein said base film comprises one or more of the following: polyethylene terephthalate, glycol polyester (PET-G), nylon, biaxially oriented orientable


The problematical nature of the representation of trauma in literary and historical texts has been productively explored in the work of trauma theorists. In emphasizing the centrality of the unassimilated nature of trauma that demands a continued return to the 'wound' (the original meaning of the word 'trauma') that represents the damage inflicted on both body and mind, Cathy Caruth, for example, suggests that "if Freud turns to literature to describe traumatic experience, it is because literature, like psychoanalysis, is interested in the complex relation between knowing and not knowing."1 She continues:it is always the story of a wound that cries out, that addresses us in the attempt to tell us of reality or truth that is not otherwise available [...]. This truth, in its delayed appearance and its belated address, cannot be linked only to what is known, but also to what remains unknown in our very actions and our language. (4)The difficulty of narrating a traumatic past is partly related to the difficulty of coming to terms with the crises of death and survival, as well as with the unrepresentability of what Caruth suggests is "unclaimed" experience. While history seems unable to imagine the unimaginable, literature can engage metaphorically, formally, and stylistically with silences and aporias. Thus the imaginative qualities of literature can bear witness to "the crisis within history which precisely cannot be articulated, witnessed in the given categories of history itself."2 While most trauma theory has, of course, been concerned with the Holocaust as its central experience, it is not surprising that, for contemporary writers in a post-apartheid South Africa, the novel of trauma has continued to provide a productive genre for the exploration of 'unfinished business'. This is not just because it provides a thematic opportunity to uncover the "secret" or hidden history of the past (what Caruth refers to above as "reality or truth") but also because it engages a style and form that, like the workings of memory and psychoanalysis, are in a state of constant return that mimics the "repetitive intrusion of traumatic memory"3 and that transforms traumatic memory into narrative: from present to past, from personal to collective memory, from individual to official records of the past, from known to unknown, from representation in tropes of trauma to an awareness of the ultimate unrepresentability of trauma.The text of trauma itself is therefore essentially and of its nature unstable, always turning back, and it is this very instability that points up the partial and partisan nature of 'official' historical accounts that have often papered over the cracks or gaps of what might be termed "traumatic history."4 Vickroy sees such fictional texts that enact traumatic history as employing specific narrative approaches that convert historical into personal trauma:Social conflicts are enacted in characters' personal conflicts, where historical trauma is personalized by exploring its effects in bodily violations and wounds, in sexuality, or in the struggle to achieve emotional intimacy [...] the body becomes the testing ground of human endurance. (168)With these elements of traumatic fiction in mind, most particularly the centrality of the trope of "bodily violations and wounds," it is clear that Marlene van Niekerk's The Way of the Women, translated by Michiel Heyns into English (2006) from the original Afrikaans version entitled Agaat (2004), provides a useful focus for an analysis of the treatment of trauma, memory, and history in the South African novel. Its central character, focalizer, and 'narrator' of the text, Milla de Wet, aged seventy, is lying paralyzed on her sickbed, "locked up" (20) in her own body while waiting to die from the progressively degenerative motor neuron disease, in the farmhouse she has lived in all her life, on the farm she has inherited from her mother and further back through the family's matrilineal line. …


The study was conducted to determine the effect of depth and period of burying on the sprouting capacity of Terminalia ivorensis stem cuttings. Seedlings were cut 5 cm from the basal portion of the stem with a uniform cutting length of 15 cm. Burying depths of 0 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm and 15 cm and burying periods of 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days were tested in a factorial experiment at 5% level of significance. Each treatment had ten stem cuttings and three replications as blocks. Results showed that burying of stem cuttings at increasing depths for shorter number of days (interaction), significantly increased the number of stem cuttings sprouted after planting ( p < 0.05 ). Stem cuttings buried at a depth of 15 cm for 7 days produced the highest mean number of stem cuttings sprouted (9.00). The burying depths of stem cuttings had significant effect on the sprouting capacity ( p<0.05 ). Stem cuttings buried at a depth of 15 cm recorded the highest mean number of sprouted stem cuttings (7.17). The number of days taken to maximum sprouting of the stem cuttings after planting was significantly affected by the burying depths ( p<0.05 ). Stem cuttings buried at depths of 15 cm recorded the least number of days (8.58) taken to maximum. The effect on sprouting of T. ivorensis was interactive between burying periods/ days and depth. Keywords: Terminalia ivorensis, Depth, Period, Burying, Stem cuttings


Screening is a public health service wherein people of a defined population, who do not perceive that they are at risk for, or are already affected by, a disease or its complications, are asked a question or offered a test. This process identifies those who are more likely to be helped than harmed by further tests or treatment and reduces the risk of a disease or its complications. • As screening targets apparently healthy people, it has important ethical differences from clinical practice. Screening methods are not hundred percent safe and it is important that physicians and the lay public recognize this. A balance between safety and sensitivity has to be maintained. Screening has the potential to save lives or improve quality of life through early diagnosis of serious conditions, by reducing the risk of developing a condition or its complications. Screening cannot be taken as a guarantee of complete protection. In any screening program, there is an irreducible minimum of false positive results and false negative results. Screening should be considered risk reduction rather than risk elimination 1 . Following the discussion for the screening of individual cancers the statement of the National Cancer Institute (www. nci.nih.gov) is mentioned.


Out of 10 bacterial strains isolated out of wastewater of a pharmaceutical industry the most efficient bacterium, which could tolerate 5,000 mgl−1 of phenol in the minimal medium, was identified to be Corynebacterium sp.DST1 through 16S rDNA analysis. This strain could remove 99.4% of phenol from the minimal medium containing 4,000 mgl−1 of phenol. The ortho catalytic pathway using the enzyme catechol 1, 2- dioxygenase was found to be the major pathway for phenol degradation in the bacterium. The gene for catechol 1, 2-dioxygenase (catA) could also be amplified using degenerate primers. Corynebacterium sp.DST1 cells were attached to sawdust and removal of phenol from industrial effluents was evaluated. About 92.7% of phenol could be removed from the effluent of a heavy electrical industry. The results of this study not only suggest the potentiality of the strain to remove phenol efficiently from crude industrial effluents but also display a cheap method of bioremediation using sawdust.


The kinetics of the enzyme-catalyzed conjugation of glutathione with (±)-7β,8α-dihydroxy-9α,10α-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo( a )pyrene [(±)- anti -BPDE] have been studied with the following human cytosolic glutathione transferases: the basic (α-e) and near-neutral (µ) isoenzymes from liver, and the acidic (π) isoenzyme from placenta. When the BPDE concentration was varied (using 5 mm glutathione) the apparent Vmax values for transferases α-e, µ, and π were 38, 570, and 825 nmol·mg-1. min-1, respectively, with corresponding apparent K m values of 88, 27, and 54 µm. The apparent K m values for glutathione [using 80 µm (±)- anti -BPDE] were 0.4, 0.7, and 0.1 mm for transferases α-e, µ, and π, respectively. The glutathione conjugates formed with the two enantiomers of (±)- anti -BPDE were resolved by high performance liquid chromatography. The percentages of conjugates derived from the highly carcinogenic (+)-enantiomer were 59, 60, and ≧90% for transferases α-e, µ, and π, respectively. The separate enantiomers of anti -BPDE were assayed in experiments with transferases µ and π. Both enantiomers were substrates for transferase µ, but only the (+)-enantiomer gave measurable activity with transferase µ. A 3-fold increase in Vmax and K m values for transferase π was obtained with (+)- anti -BPDE as compared with the racemic substrate and could be quantitatively accounted for by the finding that (-)- anti -BPDE serves as a competitive inhibitor for transferase π.


The COVID-19 epidemic has affected higher education worldwide, more so in developing societies. While several studies have looked at the impact of this pandemic on higher education, evidence on the changing policies and practices of managing higher education in a global crisis is still sparse. We present an analysis of how the higher education sector was managed at the system (national/state) institutional and individual levels during the pandemic in India. Drawing on the notion of federalism, we examine the process of decision-making and policy implementation during the crisis and its long-term implications on the governance of higher education. We use student and teacher survey data and critical review of documents by the government and regulatory bodies of higher education, at national and state levels, in our analysis. We find that students have faced the issues like a lack of peer group interactions, unavailability of study materials and lack of regular interaction with teachers that often helps them in performing better while in colleges and universities. Teachers, particularly from private higher education institutions, suffered immense economic distress due to undue delay in receipt of salaries, salary cuts or retrenchment. More importantly, responses to the pandemic-led challenges for higher education by regulatory and coordinating bodies are seldom based on assessing the challenges students and teachers face. It is argued that federalism in education has been substantially weakened as the pandemic response followed a centralised and unilateral approach of decision-making. The article concludes with the short-term and long-term implications of the pandemic-led crisis on the higher education sector in India, adds to the growing literature on the issue.


Time‐dependent conditional phase‐space distribution functions are derived for classical ensembles of rigid molecules undergoing collision‐interrupted free rotation. The J‐diffusion and the M‐diffusion models proposed by Gordon, [J. Chem. Phys. 44, 1830 (1966)] are explored in detail. The expressions for the conditional distribution functions are evaluated for these models in terms of multiple time integrals. It is then shown that Fourier transform techniques can be used to express the integrals as convolutions which are analogous to Fixman and Rider's expressions [J. Chem. Phys. 51, 2425 (1969)]. A number of numerical results are presented.


When a woman consults a doctor about Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT), the irst concern is that there is an increased risk of breast cancer with HRT. And this sole reason might be the reason for refusing the offer of HRT. However, this practice has minimal basis and evidence to support it. Although HRT is an umbrella term, women who have no uterus receive oestrogen-only HRT or Estrogen Replacement therapy (ERT). No valid study has linked ERT with an increased risk of breast cancer [1,2]. The only other study that came close to describing the relationship between ERT and Breast Cancer is the collaborative study [3]. However this re-analysis was grossly de icient because it performed a meta-analysis on studies that were not all randomised controlled trials which naturally remove the bias, known or unknown confounders of just cohort prospective studies and analysed then as nested case control studies – a retrospective analysis. Shapiro, et al, adequately describe the de iciencies of the collaborative study with regards to causal relationship between HRT and Breast cancer, and much less between ERT and breast cancer [4]. We con irmed the thoughts of Shapiro, et al. in 2019 [5].


This paper introduces a systematic study for analytic aspects of discrete spectra methods for functions supported on some compact domains of , according to Sturm–Liouville theory. We then apply these discrete spectra methods to approximate convolution of functions supported on these compact domains. We shall also investigate different aspects of the presented theory in the cases of zero-value boundary condition and derivative boundary condition. The paper is concluded by some Plancherel formulas associated to Sturm–Liouville theory and special cases of boundary conditions.


This article discusses the ratings of financial market participants as one of the indicators of financial stability. Particular attention is paid to the sector of banks and insurance corporations in the Czech Republic. Besides discussing the ratings of individual financial institutions, the article explores aggregate ratings. For the banking sector, Fitch's Bank Systemic Risk Matrix is used as an aggregate rating for assessing a country's financial stability. For the insurance sector, the article presents for the first time the results of a newly constructed aggregate rating for insurers in the Czech Republic, which performs an analogous role to the matrix mentioned above. The analyses conducted in the article confirm that the banking and insurance sectors are showing satisfactory and steadily improving performance from the ratings perspective, in line with the conclusions of previous analyses of a different type. An analysis of the correlations of rating types and of the correlations between the ratings of banks and those of their owners demonstrated that the individual types of ratings of the various agencies are not fully interchangeable and that there is a positive correlation between the average long-term ratings of banks and those of their owners.


An equal energy spectrum of monochromatic light (irradiance = 0.22 μW/cm2) caused miracidia of Schistosoma mansoni to respond maximally in a directed manner to wavelengths of 525 nm and 650 um. Miracidia of S. mansoni responded to wavelengths which make up the greatest percentage composition of spectral intensity in clear fresh water and muddy waters.


The author describes a test carried out on a digital terrain modelling location technique to ascertain whether it would serve as an alternative to the usual methods of conducting detailed investigation surveys. Although final data is not yet available, it appears that the technique is sufficiently accurate and that it is no more expensive than traditional methods.


The utility model discloses a transport vehicle used for transporting vehicles specially. A movable platform is on the upper layer of the transport vehicle, and the front end of the movable platform is articulated with the front bracket of the carriage, the rear part is connected with an elevating mechanism, the rear part of the carriage chassis is turned back and declined from the rear of the rear wheel to form a ladder shape, the height is lower than that of front part of the chassis, the rear part of the chassis adopts a lower bearing platform, a lifting access board is installed on the lower bearing platform at the rear part of the chassis, the front end of the lifting access board is articulated with the upper end at the rear part ladder of the chassis, the lower lateral face of the lifting access board is articulated with the lifting device installed on the chassis, a sliding access board which can be backward displaced and a transition access board which can be lapped with the lifting access board are arranged on the lower bearing platform, the sliding access board and the chassis are glidingly matched, the transition access board is positioned at the upside of the lifting access board, and the rear end of the transition access board is articulated with the chassis. The utility model can increase the carrying capacity of the second class chassis or the ordinary wagon refitting vehicles, the road adaptability is strong, and the utility model reduces the investment cost and the running cost of the user.


A brief overview of some structural results that came from space station skunk works is presented. Detailed drawings of the pressurized modules, and primary truss structures such as deployable single fold beams, erectable beams and deployable double folds are given. Typical truss attachment devices and deployable backup procedures are also given.


Machinery fault symptoms are related to repetitive transients because of the property of rotating shafts. To extract repetitive transients, various algorithms have been proposed in the past years. The most two famous algorithms are spectral kurtosis and the Protugram. Spectral kurtosis uses kurtosis of a temporal signal preprocessed by a band-pass filter to extract repetitive transients so as to characterize the impulsiveness of repetitive transients, while the Protugram uses kurtosis of squared envelope spectrum preprocessed by a band-pass filter to characterize the cyclostationarity of repetitive transients. Here, kurtosis can be regarded as an objective function and its maximization can be used to automatically find the optimal parameters of a band-pass filter so that extraction of repetitive transients can be adaptively realized without requirement of expertise. In this paper, we find that kurtosis is not necessary to be used in the aforementioned algorithms. Instead, a simplified index called the ratio of L2 norm to L1 norm is discovered from spectral kurtosis and the Protugram. This discovery is beneficial to further automating more algorithms in the field of machine fault diagnosis. One application of the discovered index to quantifying fault information on spectral coherence is used to verify the effectiveness of the discovered index for machinery fault diagnosis.


best way to let Him bulk large in our view, in His full reality and dominance, is to read through the Synoptic Gospels at one sitting, which will take two and a half hours. The effect of this is like a new mental and spiritual birth, and gives us a fresh awareness of being alongside Jesus Christ in His encounter with various situations and persons. It brings a vivid sense of His personality commanding the particular scene, master of the event, and we are conscious of His supremacy as never before. We recognize that He is greater than His utterances, bigger than His words, which are only the remembered fragments of all He said and may be sometimes imperfectly reported. So the highest authority for Christian faith is not the sayings of


An object of the present invention, in order to suppress an increase in the number of components is to provide a color electrophotographic image forming apparatus capable of performing the electrical connection between the cartridge and the body. A cartridge was detachably supported to be movable between the inner and outer body, a first position in which to position the cartridge in the image forming position, retracts the cartridge first adult placed al and a second position, a third position which is pulled out to the outside from the body, the cartridge tray 300 that may be moved to the tray 300 in conjunction with the operation of moving from the second position to the first position the cartridge pressed, a pressing member 350 for pressing the cartridge side portion to be positioned on the main body side positioning portion has, in a state in which the cartridge side portion to be positioned on the main body side positioning portion is pressed by the pressing member 350, the cartridge side electric contacts 500S is directly electrically contacted with the main body side electric contacts 500H. .The 12


NHS Executive

Update Software, available free from the NHS Executive

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The public pays for the NHS, and for the NHS research and development programme. This is more than adequate justification for making information on research projects taking place within the NHS publicly available. The National Research Register is a CD ROM containing five research databases: ( a ) a database of projects funded by the NHS Executive, ( b ) a database of trials funded by the Medical …

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The Young's modulus ( Y ) is a quantity related to the linear elasticity of a material. The most common techniques for determining the Young's modulus involve the measurement of the deformation of a flexed beam, or the measurement of the deformation of a wire submitted to a tractive effort. Another known technique consists of measuring the speed of sound ( c ) on a thin rod, which is related to Y by the expression Y = ρ c 2, where ρ is the density of the material under study. Thus, by knowing ρ, Y can be determined through the measurement of c. In this work we carried out collision experiments to generate compression pulses in thin solid rods and employ the time-of-flight method to measure the speed of sound in different materials. The flight time is the time needed for the pulse to cover the distance between two points of the rod. This time was measured by means of an assembly which utilizes two mechanical contact switches associated with an electric circuit comprising an electronic counter and a crystal oscillator. The experiments were conducted using different materials (stainless steel, brass and wood) and calculated the respective Young's modules and their statistical deviations.


Insulin detemir (ID) is a long-acting form of insulin that is characterized by the covalent attachment of a lipophilic tail of myristate, and commercially available as Levemir®. No satisfactory simple isocratic stability-indicating HPLC method has been reported for its quality control. A novel simple and isocratic reversed-phase HPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of ID along with its dosage form additives in the available commercial preparations. The method employed C4 column (5μm, 250 × 4.6 mm), a mobile phase consisting of 50 mM phosphate buffer pH 2.7, acetonitrile, triethylamine (62:37:1) and 0.02 g/ml sodium sulfate, that was delivered isocraticaly at a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min, and detection performed at 214nm. The method was properly validated and was shown linear over the range 80–120% of the assay concentration for ID, phenol, and m-cresol. The method was also selective, specific, precise, and accurate. Furthermore, the validated method was applied to separate the major degradation products in those preparations. Forced degradation studies in different pH values, which are the first to be reported for ID, showed that the degradation products were baseline separated from ID itself and/or other formulation additives. Thus, the method has been demonstrated to be a stability-indicating assay.


Let E be a subset of positive integers such that E∩{1, 2} 6= ∅. A weakly mixing finite measure preserving flow T = (Tt)t∈R is constructed such that the set of spectral multiplicities (of the corresponding Koopman unitary representation generated by T ) is E. Moreover, for each non-zero t ∈ R, the set of spectral multiplicities of the transformation Tt is also E. These results are partly extended to actions of some other locally compact second countable Abelian groups.


This webpage provide links to UIC guidance documents related for financial responsibilities. The guidance is intended for UIC program directors, well owners and operators, and the general public.


Considers a single-input single-output (SISO) nonlinear system which has a well defined normal form with asymptotically stable zero dynamics. The authors allow the output and its derivatives to appear in the unobservable dynamics. The authors also allow uncertainities in the model which do not change the relative degree. The authors goal is to design a dynamic output feedback controller which stabilizes the origin. The authors consider regional as well as local analysis. In the regional analysis, the robust output feedback controller brings the state of the closed-loop system to a positively invariant set that includes the origin. Once inside this set, the authors rely on local growth conditions in the local analysis to show that the trajectories approach the origin. The authors give also semi-global results whereby, they do not require the nonlinearities to satisfy global Lipschitz conditions.<<ETX>>


A semiconductor memory device using a PMOS bulk bias control scheme is provided to prevent the decrease of operation speed by using a different driving time according to an operation mode of the semiconductor memory device. In a semiconductor memory device using a PMOS bulk bias control scheme, a plurality of logic circuits(300) is operated by an enable signal. A selection circuit(200) selects a different period of the enable signal according to an operation mode of the semiconductor memory device. The selection circuit changes the period of the enable signal by comprising a plurality of delay lines. The selection circuit uses an MRS(Mode Register Set) in selecting the period of the enable signal.


Quasi-2-level (Q2L) operation of multi-level bridge-legs, especially of flying-capacitor converters (FCC), is an interesting option for realizing single-cell power conversion in applications whose system voltages exceed the ratings of available power semiconductors. To ensure equal voltage sharing among a Q2L-FCC's switches, the voltages of a Q2L-FCC's minimized flying capacitors (FCs) must always be balanced. Thus, we propose a concept for load-independent FC voltage balancing: For non-zero load current, we use a model predictive control (MPC) approach to identify the commutation sequence of the individual switches within a Q2L transition that minimizes the FC or cell voltage errors. In case of zero load current, we employ a novel MPC-based approach using cell multiple switching (CMS), i.e., the insertion of additional zero-current commutations within a Q2L transition, to exchange charge between the FCs via the charging currents of the switches' parasitic capacitances. Experiments with a 5-level FCC half-bridge demonstrator confirm the validity of the derived models and verify the performance of the proposed load-independent balancing concept.


The design and the main functional modules of online undergraduate information management platform based on Web are developed to reduce the workload and the error rate in registration and admission,and thus to ensure the operability,objectivity,timeliness and reliability of the management.Tests and actual operations prove that the platform design is valid for user registration,login,online application,and information query.


Echocardiographic predictors of outcomes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have not been systematically or independently validated. We aimed at identifying echocardiographic predictors of cardiovascular events in a large cohort of patients with HFpEF and to validate these in an independent large cohort.


This paper is aimed at further researching two problems which question the role of PPAT (Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah) to implement credit binding in the bank. PPAT is an official certifier of title deeds which is made and used as evidence that certain legal actions have been carried out regarding land rights or ownership rights in Indonesia. This paper will also discuss the implementation of making mortgage rights on bank loans. The method used was through analytical descriptive methods with normative juridical approach. Data were collected through literature research that were analyzed qualitatively through juridical interpretation based on relations between legal principles approach based on the legal material by examining the theories, concepts, principles of law and legislation. It is found that the authority of the PPAT on granting land mortgage rights on bank loans is where the PPAT handles the implementation of credit agreements in the Bank until the granting of mortgage rights can be placed on the said land. The implementation of making mortgage rights on bank loans was followed by a promise to provide mortgage rights. The granting of Mortgage Rights is also preceded by an assurance to arrange for Mortgage Rights as a guarantee of paying off certain debts, which are set forth in the debt agreement concerned or other agreements that cause the debt.


Background: Ankle arthrodesis traditionally has been regarded as the treatment of choice for many patients with endstage ankle arthritis. However, a major reported risk of ankle arthrodesis is adjacent-joint degeneration. There are conflicting views in the literature as to the causative link between ankle arthrodesis and progression to adjacent-joint arthritis. Recent studies have challenged the causative link between arthrodesis and adjacent-joint arthritis, purporting that preexisting adjacent-joint arthritis is present in many patients. The aim of the present study was to systematically review the available literature to determine if there is sufficient evidence to support either hypothesis.


A variety of reflectance techniques have been developed to determine the thickness of thin transparent films on silicon substrates 1,2 These techniques are based on the way incident radiation is reflected from air-film and film-substrate interfaces. These reflectance techniques are ideally suited to measuring films ranging in thickness from approximately 500 A to many thousands of angstroms. The absolute reflectivity technique measures the reflectance at several wavelengths and, by matching the curve as measured to the theoretical, the actual film thickness can be determined. A refined version of the absolute reflectivity technique is the Brewster's angle spectrophotometer. This article describes the development phase for an automatic Brewster's angle spectrophotometer and discusses the performance of the instrument. The optical and mechanical layouts and photographs depict the choice of implementation.


Knowledge of soil hydraulic conductivity is essential for any study that involves the movement of water in soil. The hydraulic conductivity decreases considerably with decreases in the volumetric water content (θ), or increases in the matric potential modulus (h). The relationship among these variables may be represented by the functions K(θ) and K(h). Field or laboratory methods for determining the values of the parameters that describe these functions are time consuming, costly and involve considerable uncertainty. An alternative method to determine these parameters is to employ the reverse process (inverse method). In the inverse method, the causes are determined based on their effects. This study aimed to determine the Ks parameter (saturated hydraulic conductivity) of functions K(θ) and K(h), defined according to the van Genuchten model, by solving, with the use of the Hydrus-1D software, an inverse problem based on cumulative infiltration data collected in the field. It was found that there is great variability in the value of the Ks estimates. The proposed inverse problem method allows the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity to be determined based on data collected under a wide range of soil moisture values and matric potential moduli. The inverse problem was adequately defined for the estimates of Ks in the 0-0.20 and 0.20-0.60 m layers but did not allow for a reliable Ks estimate of the 0.60-1.00 m layer.


We consider risk processes that locally behave like Brownian motion with some drift and variance, these both depending on an underlying Markov chain that is also used to generate the claims arrival process. Thus, claims arrive according to a renewal process with waiting times of phase type. Positive claims (downward jumps) are always possible but negative claims (upward jumps) are also allowed. The claims are assumed to form an independent, identically distributed sequence, independent of everything else. As main results, the joint Laplace transform of the time to ruin and the undershoot at ruin, as well as the probability of ruin, are explicitly determined under the assumption that the Laplace transform of the positive claims is a rational function. Both the joint Laplace transform and the ruin probability are decomposed according to the type of ruin: ruin by jump or ruin by continuity. The methods used involve finding certain martingales by first finding partial eigenfunctions for the generator of the Markov process composed of the risk process and the underlying Markov chain. We also use certain results from complex function theory as important tools.


CASUAL observations of post-mortem material have suggested an increased frequency of necrosis and other lesions in the pancreas and adjacent tissues in patients receiving certain adrenocortical steroids or ACTH. The present study is an attempt at a more accurate quantitative evaluation of these findings. Our interest was stimulated by reports from two laboratories of pancreatic lesions induced by cortisone in rabbits. Stumpf and his co-workers1 found changes in pancreatic acini in 44 of 53 cortisone-treated animals and peripancreatic fat necrosis in 13 of these animals. Bencosme and Lazarus2 described similar lesions in their series of rabbits treated with this steroid. . . .


Objective. The present study objective is to examine (a) the links between temporal evolution of peer motivational climate and sport related well-being (SRWB), and (b) the mediational role of motivation in these relationships, using within and between level analyses. Method. 73 athletes aged 18-25 years completed questionnaires on peer motivational climate (peerMC), motivation, burnout, and engagement, every week among one month. Linear Mixed Models were used to analyze the data. Results. Task peerMC significantly predicted autonomous motivation at the within- and between-person level, burnout at the within-person level, and engagement at the within-person level. Moreover, autonomous motivation was identified as a mediator of the relationship between task peerMC and burnout at the within-person level, and task peerMC and engagement at the within- and between-person level. Ego peerMC significantly predicted autonomous motivation at the within-person level, and autonomous motivation was also confirmed as a mediator of the relationship between ego peerMC and burnout, as well as between ego peerMC and engagement at the within-person level. Conclusion. The results confirm that a task-oriented peerMC is likely to lead to the most positive consequences for athletes in terms of motivation and SRWB, whereas the ego-driven climate leads to more negative consequences.


This study aims to examine the factors that influence employee turnover intention in Batam City. The problem factor is job stress and job satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of job stress and job satisfaction on employee turnover intention partially and simultaneously. The total sample of 96 respondents was taken using a purposive sampling method and then the data were analyzed by using the SPSS program. The methodology in this research is descriptive with a quantitative approach. The results showed that work stress partially had a positive and significant effect on employee turnover intention with a t value of 3.532 and a significant value of 0.001. Job satisfaction partially has a negative and significant effect on employee turnover intention with a t value of -2.509 and a significant value of 0.014. Simultaneously this study shows that job stress and job satisfaction have a positive and significant effect on employee turnover intentions with an at-count value of 13.213 and a significant value of 0.000. The coefficient of determination of the two independent variables together on the dependent variable is 22.1% and 77.9% is influenced by other variables not examined in this study.


The present invention relates to the use of steviol, a steviol glycoside derivative or an isomer thereof, to prevent, reduce and / or treating impaired skin tone.