Abiotic environmental factors, which affect causative agents of infectious diseases, change epizootic dynamics adjusting interaction intensity of microand macro-organisms. The mechanical composition of various soil types was chosen as a determining factor to reveal the dependence of the development of epizootic process in the Region in terms of soil types. Chlamydial infection is recorded in small cattle, its nosological form being enzootic abortion. The minimum degree of chlamydial infections occurrence in small cattle and pigs is revealed in clayey soils, while on silt loamy soils in sheep and goats, chlamydial infection was detected 1.8 times more often. On sandy loams no viral diseases were recorded in small cattle. The maximum difference in the intensity of virosis occurrence was observed for rabies in small cattle on gravelly soils; the intensity was 6 times higher than that on clayey and loamy soils. On gravelly soils, compared to clayey and loamy soils, the intensity and incidence of epizootic diseases was greater 14 and 6 times, respectively. The largest group in terms of nosology was bacterial diseases, 13 disease entities. According to the obtained distribution of the difference of occurrence intensity of epizootic process of all clinical entities of infectious diseases of sheep and goats in the Altai Region, it is recommended not to raise sheep and goats in the areas with clayey and loamy soils, and pine-forest sands; that will optimize the prevention and control of animal diseases, and predicting the epizootic situation in the existing animal breeding complexes and farms.


This report is a result of a request to investigate the possibility of employing solar energy at a residential secondary school to reduce energy costs. Our approach was to explore this possibility in the context of a more general survey of opportunities to conserve energy (in particular, fuel) at the school. Our purpose was more to illustrate how to go about an appraisal of conservation opportunities plus implementation and evaluation of the most productive conservation measures, than a rigorous examination of the facility with detailed instructions on how to take care of specific problems. A large number of actions that would result in net energy cost savings considerably greater than could be realized from solar systems were discovered. For a solar application, a domestic hot water system,supplementing that heated bytankless coils in oil burning furnaces, has the greatest potential for significant return on investment. The school's total utility system (total energy, co-generation) meets all electrical and steam needs with the exception of the electric power required for one building. A heat recovery system on the diesel engines for the electric generators furnishes a sizeable portion of the steam. Areas discussed in detail are: (1) optimization of the efficiency of oil fueled residential heating furnaces; (2) optimized operation of a total energy system; (3) lighting, insulation, air infiltration control; (4) heat management, scheduling and control. A methodology for preparing energy audits, energy flow charts and procedures for the evaluation of the need for the amounts of energy consumed for each individual purpose are also given. The importance of considering the application of solar energy in the broader conservation context is emphasized.


By using the method of center projection the center vortex pa rt of the gauge field is isolated and its propagator is evaluated in the center Landau gauge, whic h m nimizes the open 3-dimensional Dirac volumes of non-trivial center links bounded by the clo sed 2-dimensional center vortex surfaces. The center field propagator is found to dominate the gl uon propagator (in Landau gauge) in the low momentum regime and to give rise to an OPE correctio n to the latter of √ σ/p3.The screening mass of the center vortex field vanishes above the c ri ical temperature of the deconfinement phase transition, which naturally explains the second order nature of this transition consistently with the vortex picture. Finally, the ghost propagat or of maximal center gauge is found to be infrared finite and thus shows no signal of confinement.


Lucien Bély's latest work on secrets and secrecy during the French Grand Siècle (1638–1715) should capture the attention of legal historians. An authority on international relations history of the Ancien Régime,1 Bély has reinvigorated French diplomatic history, coupling it with the Annales school's acquis. His doctoral dissertation 'Diplomates et diplomatie autour de la paix d'Utrecht'2 appeared in 1990 as Espions et ambassadeurs au temps de Louis XIV,3 a study on the sociability, usages and cultural communication strategies of diplomats during the War of the Spanish Succession. Bély compared material in the archives of the Bastille to the classical series in the French and British diplomatic archives. His attention then shifted to the common language of the European 'Society of Princes'.4 Court culture and high politics are thus blended, resulting in a sophisticated analytical grid combining anthropology and bottom-up constructed concepts of normativity. Secrecy and distance between monarchs and mere mortals constituted key aspects of the representation of power for the French monarchy of 'divine right'. Subjects obeyed the monarch, whose legitimacy was God-given, allowing him to rule without justifying his decisions (19). Louis XI (1423–83) said, 'Qui ne sait pas dissimuler ne sait pas régner' (83). For the longest and most formative reign in the history of France, that of Louis XIV (1643–1715), Bély proposes a more general, human and pluri-directional typology of secrecy (20). The work approaches the phenomenon from multiple angles: the permeable veil covering diplomatic negotiations (279–98, 477–568), information gathering, coded letters and espionage (221–44, 299–318), interaction with the monarch's confessors, as well as the creation of distance and respect between the sovereign and the outside world through spectacular coups d'état or actes de majesté. State interest and ceremonial rites mark a culture where imagery and symbolism represent power relations (27–54). Well-known episodes of Louis' personal whims, such as the


Similar to the multi-grid composite wall reinforced by steel bars,an improved multi-grid composite wall reinforced by light steels is proposed,where the steel bars in grid beams and columns are replaced by light steels.To apply the improved composite in large-bay high-rise buildings,its seismic performance should be examined.1/2 scale multi-grid composite walls reinforced by light steels,as well as by steel bars,were tested under reversed cyclic loading.Damage procedures,load-bearing capacity and ductility were compared.It is found that both kinds of walls fail in shear,and the damage propagates from the filling blocks to grids made up of grid beams and columns,and finally to the edged frame.Compared with using steel bars,using light steels to reinforce composite walls,with a 17% increase of steel,generated a yielding capacity of 54.3% larger and an ultimate capacity of 53.1% larger.The stiffness behavior and energy dissipation capacity of the improved composite wall were better too,while the ductility capacity of the two composite walls was almost the same.


In this paper, a contouring control algorithm is developed for surface flattening tasks of an excavator regardless of lumped disturbances/uncertainties and system nonlinearities. The task coordinate frame (TCF) is adopted to decouple the contouring error from the tracking error, which allows different treatments on each error component. Moreover, a sliding mode observer (SMO) is proposed to effectively estimate both unmeasurable joint velocities and lumped disturbances and uncertainties. To integrate these techniques into the main controller, backstepping control and the barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) are introduced to guarantee the system stability and prescribed contouring performance. Finally, simulations with different operating conditions are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed contouring control method with a mini-excavator model.


The future of journalism is threatened. This is what emerges in a considerable amount of literature provided for journalism students. Most of the research concerning the future of journalists appli ...


Radio telemetry was used to record daily activity budgets of 26 South Georgian Shags (Phalacrocorax georgianus) during the chick-rearing period at Bird Island, South Georgia. There was a significant sex difference in the timing of feeding, with the female making the first trip of the day in 93% of pairs (n = 15). On average, each shag made 2.3 trips/day and was absent for a total of 6.22 hr/day. The majority of time away from the colony was spent diving (86.7%), but long recovery periods on the surface between dives and time needed to travel to the seabed resulted in only 1.06 hr/day being potentially available for prey capture. Given that these activity data were collected during a season when feeding conditions were favorable, breeding shags at Bird Island appear to have little capacity to increase the time available for prey capture. We speculate that the population may be extremely sensitive to changes in food availability. Males spent more time flying and on the sea than did females. On average, birds with broods of two or three chicks spent more time diving (6.42 hr/day) than those with broods of one (4.74 hr/day) but there was no tendency for the amount of time spent diving to increase with chick age. Although South Georgian Shags exhibited the same sexually distinct foraging patterns as Antarctic Shags P. bransfieldensis at a colony on the Antarctic Peninsula, their activity budgets differed radically, with shags at Bird Island spending a much greater percentage of their time away diving (86.7% compared with 8.4%)


The utility model discloses a crania-cerebral drainage tube. The front end of the crania-cerebral drainage tube is in a closed bullet streamline, a side drainage hole is formed in the position, within the range of 5mm away from the tip, around the crania-cerebral drainage tube, and four sutures which are uniformly distributed on the surface f the round drainage tube at an interval of 90 degrees are arranged at the positions, 5mm away from the front end of the crania-cerebral drainage tube, on the outer wall of the crania-cerebral drainage tube. The four sutures penetrate the wall of the crania-cerebral drainage tube from outside to inside after traveling a distance about 15mm from the near end to the far end of the drainage tube, then continue traveling from the inside of a tube cavity to the far end of the drainage tube parallelly, penetrate the wall of the crania-cerebral drainage tube from inside to outside from four angles after traveling a distance and are connected with four iron plates respectively. The sutures penetrating out of the far end of the drainage tube and the iron plates connected with the sutures are positioned in a slide groove in an independent transparent plastic sac on the periphery of the far-end wall of the crania-cerebral drainage tube, and the four iron plates can slide in the groove under attraction of a magnetic pen outside the sac wall, so that the sutures are pulled while pulling the front end of the crania-cerebral drainage tube to bend towards a set direction.


A recent formulation of the three-body collision problem in the form of coupled multi-channel two-body Lippmann-Schwinger equations is applied to the electron-hydrogen collision problem. The relation between these equations and the close-coupling equations is studied by casting the latter into integral form. A simple high-energy approximation, which amounts to a unitary version of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, is derived, and used in its simplest form to calculate elastic scattering. The results indicate that exchange effects and unitarity corrections are significant at least up to 400 ev.


During the past three decades a number of theories have been proposed to explain the idiosyncrasies of software development as a team activity. The paper compares and combines these theories into a coherent model of software development that links software coupling and dependency management with team productivity. As a practical test of this model, the paper then investigates, the effects of coupling in two large commercial systems. It achieves this by using the VCML Views visualisation technique, developed by the authors, to expose the system wide coupling found in the code and how this coupling develops during the lifetime of a project. It then compares the resultant VCML views with simple attributes of the two projects to derive a set of important conclusions. In particular, it finds that unmanaged coupling within the code is a good indicator of potential productivity bottlenecks; that the number of programmers on a project is not necessarily a good indicator of programmer productivity; and that the architecture of a software system can radically alter the number of programmers that can effectively work together on a system.


Cancer Rehabilitation is a new discipline, a combination of tumor medication, immunology, psychology, nutritional science and exercise physiology etc.. The core of cancer rehabilitation is the therapy of natural immunology, which aims at activating T-cells, and restoring the bone marrow function impaired during chemo-radiation therapy. Cancer rehabilitation seeks to achieve the gradual recovery of the immune system, which in turn hinders recurrence and metastasis. In addition, with the help of psychological consultation, nutritional and physical exercise guidance, cancer patients may have a better chance at managing the risk of recurrence and metastasis, extending life expectancy with an improved quality of life.


To model the fluctuation characteristics of wind power is the basis for solving wind power integration problems. This paper studies the cluster effects of large-scale wind power, proposed a series of new cluster effect evaluation indexes, which have clear physical meanings and is conducive to the actual needs of the power system; based on Gaussian Mixture distribution, the probability distribution model of the cluster effect is established, which was verified with the actual operation data; The paper then proposed confidence interval model of cluster effect evaluation indexes, studied the variation of the cluster effect, shown the power function relationship between cluster effect evaluation indexes with scale of wind power.


This paper first analyses the technology characteristic of FPGA. An efficient two dimensional pulse compression processing system in which FPGA is the platform of signal processing and its embedded processor MicroBlaze is control kernel is designed and implemented using Xilinx's XC2V6000FPGA. In the limit of resource in FPGA, two different implementation architectures of pulse compression are presented in terms of speed and area restrictions. A DDR SDRAM controller which is realized in FPGA carries out efficient matrix transposition processing under the way of matrix partition linear mapping. Further more, a simple SAR imaging processing is simulated in this FPGA system for validation.


Memorable tourism experiences (MTEs) play an essential role in decision-making and revisit intentions. However, extant studies have provided limited investigation of MTEs in different groups, especially senior tourists. Thus, following embodied cognition theory, this research explores the components of senior tourists' memorable experiences (SMTEs) with an emphasis on their body characteristics and uniqueness. Through in-depth interviews with 26 senior tourists in China, the findings show that SMTEs are the result of embodied, situational and cognitive interaction, which are related to sensory enjoyment, embodied barriers, emotional experiences, identity, control and serendipity. Interestingly, our study finds two types of interaction between sensory enjoyment and embodied barriers on shaping memory, discovering the positive role of seniors' body state on shaping SMTEs. Findings also provide academic and practical implications to help understand senior tourists from a new perspective.


Studies on the nutrition of wild populations of freshwater prawns, valuable in the determination of feeding habits and requirements, are scarce or inadequate. We analyzed the digestive tract of individuals of Macrobrachium tenellum (Smith, 1871) (Palaemonidae) sampled from three different coastal habitats (an estuary, a lagoon, and a river) in the southeastern Mexico Pacific coast to determine if individuals show any variations in their enzymatic activities. Prawns of different size (adult or juvenile) showed the most significant differences among them in the kind and amount of enzyme activity, whereas location and sex differences resulted in less significant differences. Results suggest that feeding habits and not habitat, are the main cause of differences between age classes.


The present invention provides a new type display device capable of increasing the width of a viewing angle and the height of an aperture ratio and improving a response speed and display quality in comparison with an existing FFS type. In the display device, an electrode layer for a top electrode and a bottom electrode is formed on an array substrate by interposing a dielectric film. One of the top electrode and the bottom electrode is a pixel electrode and the other thereof is a common electrode. An opening part (50A) for generating a horizontal electric field on a liquid crystal layer is formed along the shape of the electrode layer on a plane view. A CF substrate has a light shielding film (BM) including a transverse BM part (22A). The opening part (50A) has a plurality of slits (S) in an X direction. The end of the outermost slit (S) in a Y direction is concealed by the overlap of the transverse BM part (22A) in a Z direction.


Abstract A simple moment-ordering condition is shown to be necessary for stochastic dominance. Closely related results on generalizations of the geometric and harmonic means are also provided. An ordering of the moment-generating functions is shown to be necessary and sufficient for stochastic dominance. The results have a straightforward and useful interpretation in terms of constant relative and absolute risk aversion utility functions. These results are used to provide necessary and sufficient conditions for optimality of distributions on an important class of utility functions.


Road crack detection is a crucial civil infrastructure inspection task. Road crack detection is generally performed by either certified inspectors or structural engineers. Nevertheless, this process is time-consuming and subjective. Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) have demonstrated compelling results for image classification, but there are currently no comprehensive comparisons among them, in regard to road crack detection. Therefore, in this paper, we conduct extensive experiments to compare 30 state-of-the-art (SoTA) DCNNs for road crack detection: Each DCNN is trained on a training set; The best performing models are selected on the validation set; Their performance is further quantified on a test set with respect to six evaluation metrics: precision, recall, accuracy, F-score, area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC), and runtime. The experimental results suggest that road crack detection is a relatively easy image classification task. All the SoTA DCNNs perform similarly. The DCNNs evaluated in this study also achieved very similar performance when only a small amount of training data is available. Furthermore, PNASNet achieved the best trade-off between speed and accuracy, and thus, it is more practical to be used for real-time and robust road crack detection. Moreover, it was found that the best DCNN models did not generalize well when tested on new unseen data sets consisting of images not specifically related to road cracks.


We construct a model based on SUSY SO(10) combined with U(2) family symmetry including complex phases leading to CP violation. In contrast with the commonly used effective operator approach, \bar{126}-dimensional Higgs fields are utilized to construct the Yukawa sector. R-parity symmetry is thus preserved at low energies. The symmetric mass textures arising from the left-right symmetry breaking chain of SO(10) give rise to very good predictions for quark and lepton masses and mixings. The prediction for \sin 2\beta agrees with the current bounds from BaBar and Belle. In the neutrino sector, our predictions are in good agreement with results from atmospheric neutrino experiments. Our model favors both the LOW and QVO solutions to the solar neutrino anomaly; the matrix element for neutrinoless double beta decay is highly suppressed. The leptonic analog of the Jarlskog invariant, J_{CP}^{l}, is predicted to be of O(10^{-2}).


TULANE LAW REVIEW VOL. 68 NovrmBEaR 1993 No. 1 PATENTS IN CYBERSPACE: TERRITORIALITY AND INFRINGEMENT ON GLOBAL COMPUTER NETWORKS* DAN L. BuRK** I. INTRODUCTION II. IU. GLOBAL COMPUTER NETWORKS A. Network Structure 1. Information Highways 2. Smart Communications B. Network Use 1. Network Services 2. Network Growth 3. Foreign Growth C. Future Networks 1. National Research and Educational Network (NREN) 2. Consumer Networks NETWORKS AND INFRINGEMENT A. Patents and Software 1. The Patent System 2. Software Patenting Copyright 1993 by Dan L. Burk. All rights reserved. Visiting Assistant Professor of Law, George Mason University. B.S., Brigham Young University, 1985; M.S., Northwestern University, 1987; J.D., Arizona State University, 1990; J.S.M., Stanford University, 1993. The author wishes to thank Professor John Barton, Stanford Law School, and the members of the seminar on Information Utilities for helpful discussion in the preparation of this Article.


In this paper, we used echo state networks - a class of recurrent neural networks - for prediction of drought based on remote sensing data. To this end, the drought index was obtained for a number of stations in different clime zones of Iran. For each station, we also extracted the corresponding vegetation indices based on satellite imagery. Our model takes the satellitebased features as input and outputs the severity of drought. One of the major challenges of echo state networks is optimization of the reservoir parameters. Here we used a method based on Kronecker product in order to substantially reduce the parameter space to be optimized. We then used various optimization techniques including genetic algorithms, simulated annealing and differential evolution. Our results show that the method based on differential evolution results in the best performance as compared to others.


Object of this research is South Africa's healthcare system. South Africa's healthcare system faces numerous challenges that contribute to inadequate access to quality healthcare for its citizens. These challenges include a scarcity of healthcare workers, insufficient funding and resource allocation, a high burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases, as well as disparities in healthcare access and outcomes driven by socioeconomic status and geographic location. Consequently, many South Africans endure unfavourable health outcomes, limited availability of essential health services, and a prevailing sense of mistrust towards the healthcare system. Con-currently, Ukraine has encountered its own set of healthcare obstacles, including similar shortages of healthcare professionals, funding deficiencies, and disparities in healthcare access exacerbated by armed conflict. This study provides insights into the patient experience, utilizing Kolb's experiential learning theory. It employs qualitative and quantitative methods, including a questionnaire administered to conveniently sampled participants at Chris Hani Baragwanath hospital's HIV/AIDS unit. Data analysis using Excel and SPSS reveals a communication gap between healthcare workers and patients, highlighting the need for Department of Health training on communication and diversity. Finally, the implementation of consistent patient feedback mechanisms is essential for health-care institutions to comprehend evolving patient needs, fostering the adoption of a «people-centred» approach to delivering high-quality healthcare services. By incorporating insights from Ukraine's challenges, this study not only addresses the specific healthcare obstacles faced by South Africa but also provides a broader perspective on healthcare issues across diverse contexts. These insights enable policymakers and healthcare professionals to identify potential solutions and work towards improving healthcare access and outcomes for all citizens, ensuring the overall health and well-being of the population of South Africa and other countries with similar challenges.


Five cases of non-lethal midline granuloma of the nose are reported. Although the histopathological picture in all cases was identical, showing pleomorphic cellular infiltration, scattered areas of ne


This volume includes papers presented at a conference dealing with population policy perspectives in developing countries and held during December 1981. The conference theme was to incorporate the important aspects of population related matters from the aspect of governmental policy and community participation and to suggest a course of action for the future. The conference focused on population policy perspectives relating to socioeconomic systems and population policy; fertility influencing policies; mortality influencing policies; and migration influencing policies. The papers in the 1st section discuss some of the problems arising from disparities in population trends social structure and policy implications. The common issue is the need for a policy for integrated development with population policy forming a part of such an integrated development policy. The following were among the issues emerging from the social economic and ecological systems analysis: the causal mechanism relating development efforts with motivation to regulate fertility as percevied at the individual level is viewed as a necessary link in the interrelations between development and population policy makers must recognize that in a heterogeneous society this level of motivation is concomitantly and synergistically raised in response to a variety of development policies and it is no longer considered adequate or useful to say that general development reduces fertility. The 2nd group of papers point out that there has been a desire on the part of most governments of the developing countries to reduce the present levels of population growth. Family planning programs are implemented more vigorously and monitored more closely. The 3rd group of papers covered 2 studies based on sample surveys. The paper "Fertility Differentials Among Migrants and Nonmigrants in Bombay" found that the migrants wives had significantly higher fertility than nonmigrant wives. The other paper examined the impact of social structure on fertility of a small fishing community. The following were among the common issues arising from the papers on mortality influencing policies: there has been a spectacular reduction in general mortality levels in this region but the levels are still high as reflected in the expectation of life; and progress in the reduction of mortality has slowed down in some populous countries like India in the past few years. The control of human reproduction has become accepted as legitimate for public and private agency policy and programming national and international assistance in controlling fertility has increased. There is comparable awareness of the problems generated by the population explosion urbanization and its attendant growth but there are no comparable policies and programs to deal with the problems stemming from rapid urbanization migration and maldistribution of population.


Under the background of new engineering, there exists some problems in the traditional circuit course teaching, for the purpose of cultivating talents of electrical majors, the research group, advocating independent exploration and cooperative learning, explored online and offline mixed teaching method based on "PAD"(presentation-assimilation-discussion) which emphasized that teachers acted as guiding role while students were principal part in class. In the practice, the research group divided the teaching process into four stages: imparting, internalization, enhancement and consolidation through online and offline combination. In this way, teachers could encourage students to change their passive learning to active learning. The comparison of assessment methods also showed that the teaching effect was satisfactory. This teaching mode makes full use of learning resources, expands the time and space boundary of teaching, and creates a mixed class with cooperation, interaction, innovation and discussion. Keywords—new engineering; circuit; "PAD"; combination of


This study considers the demonstrated correlation between carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide in the special case of fire retarded materials. It shows that the combination of aluminium phosphinate and melamine polyphosphate causes a much smaller increase in the carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) yields than the combination of brominated polystyrene and antimony oxide, although both fire retardants inhibit combustion reactions in the gas phase. The formation and destruction mechanisms of CO and HCN are considered. It is shown that both toxicants form early in the flame, and that the OH radical is critical for the destruction of both CO and HCN. Crucially, in the context of the flame inhibition mechanism, this suggests that the phosphorus system reduces the H and O radical concentrations without a corresponding decrease in the OH radical concentration, thus it is an effective gas phase flame retardant which only causes a small increase in the toxic product yields. Conversely, the bromine system reduces the H, O and OH concentrations, and thus increases the fire toxicity, by inhibiting decomposition of CO and HCN. Moreover, while the phosphorus flame retardant is effective as an ignition suppressant at low temperatures, this effect ―switches off‖ at higher flame temperatures, minimising the potential increase in fire toxicity, once the fire develops.


The study results show that different irrigation and fertilization treatments have not significant effects on the brown rice rate, gel consistency and amylose content of hybrid early rice, but have very significant effect on the protein content of hybrid early rice, retaining a layer of shallow water in paddy at rice growth and developmental stage, and applying nitrogen fertilizer at the middle and late stage of rice development (especially at heading stage) can enhance the protein content of hybrid early rice.


South, New York 10016, 1964. One of the questions to be answered for virtually every book is the nature of the reader for whom it would be best suited. Another question is whether an additional book might be necessary or desirable to supplement the scope of the book in question\p=m-\as a sort of textual magnifying glass. A general caution is appropriate here: an incomplete account may at times be as hazardous as a false account\x=req-\ the omission of relevant material in an incomplete account has the same effect as an account which by its silence can be misleading. This caution is intended as a general note in this age of the quick-and-easy summaries. While Cutting's Handbook of Pharmacology is not and cannot be even relatively comprehensive, it signals the important properties of a substance by its excellent organization. The usual pattern by which drugs or groups of drugs (as ganglionic blocking agents for example) are described is under the following subheadings: history; chemistry (including structural formulae); action; mechanism (which I consider quite an important subhead


A geometrical analysis is given of Dirichlet fourbrane creation, when sixbrane crosses fivebrane in M-theory. A special property of the Taub-NUT space leads to the consequence. When brane configurations are considered for four dimensional N = 2 field theories, sixbrane contributes to the β-function through the Dirac string of the TaubNUT space.


In this paper, motivated in part by the role of discrete groups of dilations in wavelet theory, we introduce and investigate the anisotropic Hardy spaces associated with very general discrete groups of dilations. This formulation includes the classical isotropic Hardy space theory of Fefferman and Stein and parabolic Hardy space theory of Calderon and Torchinsky. Given a dilation A, that is an n × n matrix all of whose eigenvalues λ satisfy |λ| > 1, define the radial maximal function M φf(x) := sup k∈Z |(f ∗ φk)(x)|, where φk(x) = | detA|φ(Ax). Here φ is any test function in the Schwartz class with ∫ φ 6= 0. For 0 < p < ∞ we introduce the corresponding anisotropic Hardy space H A as a space of tempered distributions f such that M φf belongs to L (R). Anisotropic Hardy spaces enjoy the basic properties of the classical Hardy spaces. For example, it turns out that this definition does not depend on the choice of the test function φ as long as ∫ φ 6= 0. These spaces can be equivalently introduced in terms of grand, tangential, or nontangential maximal functions. We prove the Calderon-Zygmund decomposition which enables us to show the atomic decomposition of H A. As a consequence of atomic decomposition we obtain the description of the dual to H A in terms of Campanato spaces. We provide a description of the natural class of operators acting on H A, i.e., Calderon-Zygmund singular integral operators. We also give a full classification of dilations generating the same space H A in terms of spectral properties of A. In the second part of this paper we show that for every dilation A preserving some lattice and satisfying a particular expansiveness property there is a multiwavelet in the Schwartz class. We also show that for a large class of dilations (lacking this property) all multiwavelets must be combined minimally supported in frequency, and thus far from being regular. We show that r-regular (tight frame) multiwavelets form an unconditional basis (tight frame) for the anisotropic Hardy space H A. We also describe the sequence space characterizing wavelet coefficients of elements of the anisotropic Hardy space. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 42B30, 42C40; Secondary 42B20, 42B25.


Water auditing at various steps in electroplating could lead to tremendous cost saving in the treatment, handling and control of spent effluents. Air mixing to eliminate short circuiting, spray rinsing and flow control methods are practical enough to integrate into the present conventional practices.


In the current environment of rapid global change, the ability to achieve stable sustainable development is a difficult challenge. This is due to often uncontrolled and spontaneous social, economic and environmental change in cities. Sustainable Development is socially desirable because it is rightly assumed to be a positive evolution. Yet the realities behind achieving such goals contain many limitations as well as conflicting and contradictory interests. As a result of democratic and free market economic changes in Poland since 1989, Polish cities and urban settlements seem to be overcoming inherited environmental, economic and social limitations and moving towards more integrated development. However, ongoing conflicts, barriers and the inability to realize desired development thresholds continue to remain significant challenges.Successful development planning is severely constrained when undertaken without recognizing all relevant environmental, social and economic limitations. While the process of planning is neither completely determinate nor absolute, these limitations do cause discontinuities. These breaks in the development process often result in delays or even the inability to complete projects. This strategic planning would tie up structural conditions, strategic goals, development directions, rules and the space management. This planning must follow a search for more appropriate methods and tools to select solutions that reduce barriers to successful development, methods that allow planning with the lowest economic, environmental, and social costs (i.e. the threshold analysis developed by Boleslaw Malisz in the 1960's).


Issues raised in this research is the analysis of Linguistics kususnya Uptake word contained in Package Books Curriculum 2013 Indonesian Forum for Knowledge Junior Class VII. This study aims to (1) Describe the form of a loan word contained in textbooks curriculum 2013 Indonesian Forum for Knowledge Junior Class VII. (2) Describe the student's understanding of the words used in textbooks serapanyang curriculum 2013 Indonesian Forum for Knowledge VII.Penelitian junior class uses methods and techniques refer to the note, the note or take a picture of research data and then to take the objects to be studied. Methods and techniques of data analysis using a unified method intralingual and match ekstralingual with BUL techniques. Loan word contained in the texts in textbooks Curriculum 2013 Indonesian Forum for Knowledge Junior Class VII consists of two. The first use of the word uptake by adjusting the spelling and pronunciation. The second use of the word uptake without adjustment spelling and pronunciation. The use of the word uptake by adjusting the spelling and pronunciation of words that comprise 66 is divided into two, namely the absorption of foreign terms into Indonesian by adjusting suffixes and prefixes. A. Adjustment suffixes include (1) - (a) the absorbed of - (a) tion (English), (2) -i absorbed from -y (England), Bags absorbed from -ty (English), (4) -ik absorbed from -ic, ique (English), (5) -logi absorbed from logy (English), (6) -is absorbed from -ic, -ical (English), (7) -or absorbed from (English) -or, (8) -iL absorbed from -ile, -le (England). B. Adjustment prefixes include (1) Co, com-, con absorbed from co, compass, con-, (2) analogous, an- absorbed from analogous, anionic, (3) Trans- absorbed from trans -, (4) eco- nomic absorbed from, (5) re- re- absorbed from as much as 1 data (6) im-, in-, il- absorbed from im-, in-, il-, (7) ex- absorbed from expression, (8) ad-, ac- absorbed from ad-, AK. Said uptake by the use of words without adjustment uptake spelling and pronunciation includes a loan word relevant, biota, ritual, protein, festivals, popular, internet. After testing questions about a loan word to the students of SMP SMP Negeri 1 Tanon found 15 loan word that is not understood by the students


Three new species of the genus Psilorchis and a species of the genus Psilotremaare reported from the birds in Jilin Province, the former genus being a new record inChina. Type and paratype specimens are deposited in the Department of Parasitology,Bethune Medical College, Changchun, China.1. Psilorchis zonorhynchae,sp. nov.Collected from the intestine of 4 Anas poecilorhyncha zonorhyncha Swinhoe inJiutai. It differs from the closely related species P. pianae (Galli-Valerio, 1898) in theposition of equatorial line and the shape of testes and ovary.2. Psilorchis longoesophagus, sp. nov.Collected from the intestine of 1 Aythya baeri (Radde) and 1 Anas poecilorhynchazonorhyncha in Fuyu and 1 Anas c. crecca Linnaeus and 1 A. falcata Georgi in Jiutai.It differs from the closely related species P. hominis Kifune et Takao, 1973 in therelative length of pharynx and oesophagus, the position of ovary, the length of ova, and the relative length and width of oral sucker and acetabulum.3. Psilorchis saccovoluminosus, sp. nov.Collected from the intestine of 1 Anas falcata in Nong'an. It differs from therelated species P. pianae in the position of cirrus sac and equatorial line, and the shapeof testes.The 3 new species of Psilorchis can be distinguished by the relative length ofpharynx and oesophagus, the position of eirrus sac, and other characters. A structurenamed as acetabular periorifice membrane, very similar to acetabular sphincter in P.thapari Baugh, 1949 is noted in P. longoesophogus sp. nov.4. Psilotrema acutirostris Oshmarin, 1963Collected from the intestine of 1 Anas poecilorhyncha zonorhyncha in Qianguoand 1 Fulica a. atra Linnaeus in Hailong. Both hosts are new host records of thespecies. Upon a comparison of the data given by Oshmarin (1963) and Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya et al. (1966) for P. ecutirostris and P. brevis Oshmarin, 1963 with that ofour specimens, it is concluded that the two species are conspecific and the latter is asynonym of the former.


Laboratory and field studies were conducted to evaluate the adsorption behavior of a biochar-amended sandy soil for Escherichia coli (E. coli). Two types of biochars, produced respectively by either slow pyrolysis (SPB) or fast pyrolysis (FPB), were used. In the laboratory study, soil+SPB and soil+FPB treatments (99:1 soil:biochar by weight) resulted in a significantly higher adsorption after 24 hours as compared to soil alone (H0: p


Sandia National Laboratories hosted the seventh annual Western National Robot Rodeo and Capability Exercise in June 2013. The five-day event is a lively and challenging competition that draws civilian and military bomb squad teams from across the country to see who can most effectively defuse dangerous situations with the help of robots.


A design method is described for the realization of large digital modules of random logic for custom integrated circuits in CMOS technology. The layout structure is based on the gate matrix concept with a metal orientation instead of a polysilicon orientation. The symbolic layout is obtained by using 11 different microcells with simple assembly rules. It is derived from the functional specifications of the circuit (Karnaugh maps) using a very simple and attractive method. A CAD program for translating the symbolic layout into a geometrical one is described. It works by assembling geometrical microcells. The advantages and disadvantages of the metal-oriented structure are analyzed through examples of industrial designs. The technique is not suitable for fast circuits. However, it results in an improvement of productivity by a factor of about four and a packing density for large modules which is at least comparable with that of nonoriented hand layouts.


The paper introduces the practice of how to establish harmonious economical factory logistics, points out the effectiveness, problems and the future development of implementing innovated factory logistics.


Gd2O3:Eu3+ and Li-doped Gd2O3:Eu3+ luminescent thin films have been grown on Al2O3 (0001) substrates using pulsed-laser deposition. The films grown under different deposition conditions show different microstructural and luminescent characteristics. Both cubic and monoclinic crystalline structures were observed in Gd2O3:Eu3+ films, but only the cubic crystalline structure was observed for Li-doped Gd2O3:Eu3+ films grown under certain condition. The photoluminescence (PL) brightness data obtained from Li-doped Gd2O3:Eu3+ films indicate that sapphire is a promising substrate for growth of high-quality Li-doped Gd2O3:Eu3+ thin-film red phosphor. In particular, incorporation of Li+ ions into the Gd2O3 lattice can induce a remarkable increase of PL. The highest emission intensity was observed with LiF-doped Gd1.84Li0.08Eu0.08O3, whose brightness was a factor of 2.3 larger than that from Gd2O3:Eu3+ films. This phosphor is promising for applications in flat-panel displays.


As the world moves toward renewable energy as the main energy source, power electronics systems particularly inverter has become an essential part of the world utility and grid system. The unpredictable nature of renewable energy sources necessitates the use of energy storage systems, especially batteries. The batteries reproduce the stored energy in DC, and because generally the grid and connected loads are AC, the inverter played the main role of interconnecting the batteries and the grid. The modular multilevel converter has been around for almost 20 years, and has been used extensively around the world. In order to reduce the output harmonics and deliver an almost clean sinusoidal output, a high number of output level is needed, hence the need for more components particularly the dedicated DC source for each module. However, in the multi-phase or three-phase version, each of the adjacent module actually operate on the same voltage level. This open the opportunity to use a common DC bus for all adjacent modules, which in turn creates a circuit similar to a switch matrix, hence the name matrix inverter. By using some modifications, the number of DC sources and switches in the inverter circuit will be reduced greatly. The matrix inverter topology validated by Matlab Simulink simulation of its 41-level version. The result shows that the new matrix inverter topology capable of producing an output similar to a 41-level modular multilevel inverter, with a total harmonics distortion of 1.98%, well below the limits set by IEEE 519–2014 standards.


Antennas consisting of three-dimensional (3D) radiating elements (sources) and two-dimensional (2D) structures can be analyzed by using a spectrum of two-dimensional solutions (S2DS) as described by Kildal et al. (see ESA Workshop on Active Antennas, p.P12-1-16, June 1992). Such antennas are, for example, dipoles on long and narrow ground planes, and slots in a cylindrical surface. Generally, any antenna consisting of slots or dipoles in or in the vicinity of 2D structures of arbitrary cross-sectional shape and material combination can be analyzed by the S2DS technique. The paper presents a computer code developed for this general case. The computer code developed for the analysis of radiation and scattering from 2D structures with 3D sources (and oblique plane wave incidence) has been verified against an analytic solution for scattering from a dielectric coated metal cylinder.


The formation mechanism of surface micro cracks of HSLA medium plates rolled from continuously cast slabs was studied by metallographic analysis,scanning electron microscopy and XEDS analysis.The test results show that some Cu and As are observed near the cracks and the surface micro cracks are along the grain boundaries.The main reason of surface micro crack formation is that Cu、As and Sn are segregated at the austenite grain boundaries forming Cu、As and Sn enriched phase in scale/steel interface by selective oxidation and the hot ductility of steel is deteriorated tremendously,Some counter-measures for preventing surface micro cracks are proposed.


Traditional approaches to the problem of noise suppression or signal restoration have been almost entirely based upon the methodology and theory of signal estimation. In this paper, we treat signal restoration as a problem in signal detection. Instead of estimating the characteristics of the signal and/or the noise, we establish a correspondence between the clean and the noisy signal through spectral mapping. In the procedure, we collect separate samples of both the clean signal and the noise. When the noise is additive, the (simulated) noisy signal is obtained by adding the noise to the clean signal. The sequence of short time spectra of the clean signal and that of the noisy signal form a one-to-one correspondence. The noisy spectral sequence is then used as a detection reference, to which the short time spectrum of an unknown noisy observation is compared, resulting in a detected occurrence of a particular group of spectra in the noisy sequence. Through the (inverse) mapping, the clean spectra that correspond to the detected noisy spectra are selected and processed to produce the restored spectrum. One important notion of the approach is that it is not limited to the usual least squares or minimum mean square framework. Our preliminary results show that when the mapping (detection) is based upon the likelihood ratio distortion measure, an SNR improvement of approximately 10 dB is obtainable for a 14 dB SNR noisy signal. Under the same condition, an improvement of approximately 8.5 dB can be obtained using a truncated cepstral distance measure.


A number of other countries operate a certification scheme for environmental health practitioners. However, in Australia such a scheme does not exist. As such, it has been proposed that the Australian Institute of Environmental Health establish a Certified Environmental Health Practitioner scheme that forms part of an integrated framework of professional development activities. To initiate discussion on this issue, this report provides some background to the certification process, an overview on certification schemes operated in other countries, and one possible model for certification in Australia.


The government has provided more details on the new homes bonus that local councils will get when they allow houses to be built.


some spoken by the leader alone, some by the scholars in concert. It will help if the reading is prefaced by all joining in such petitions as ' Open thou mine eyes' (Ps iog'8), or, Help us now, 0 gracious Lord, as we read thy holy word.' Let the hymns for the younger ones be indeed children's hymns. For they can never sing witch the spirit' until they sing ' with the understanding.' Let the prayers be reverently repeated by all in the Department, when eyes are closed and heads are bowed. Sometimes they may consist of short passages from the Bible : Teach me to do thy will, for thou art my God ' ; show me thy ways, 0 Lord, teach me thy paths.' Or, prayers in verse may be used for concerted repetition. Here are three that certainly may be deemed children's


A series of sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) (SPES)/silica composite membranes were prepared by sol–gel method using tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) hydrolysis. Physico–chemical properties of the composite membranes were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive X-ray (SEM–EDX), and water uptake. Compared to a pure SPES membrane, SiO2 doping in the membranes led to a higher thermal stability and water uptake. SEM–EDX indicated that SiO2 particles were uniformly embedded throughout the SPES matrix. Proper silica loadings (below 5 wt %) in the composite membranes helped to inhibit methanol permeation. The permeability coefficient of the composite membrane with 5 wt % SiO2 was 1.06 × 10−7 cm2/s, which was lower than that of the SPES and just one tenth of that of Nafion® 112. Although proton conductivity of the composite membranes decreased with increasing silica content, the selectivity (the ratio of proton conductivity and methanol permeability) of the composite membrane with 5 wt % silica loading was higher than that of the SPES and Nafion® 112 membrane. This excellent selectivity of SPES/SiO2 composite membranes could indicate a potential feasibility as a promising electrolyte for direct methanol fuel cell. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010


Radiographic contrast medium has many side effects, including flushing, pruritus, urticaria, hypotension, bronchospasm, and pulmonary oedema. Renal dysfunction is another considerable problem. However, radiographic contrast medium has rarely been reported to exacerbate immunologic disorders. We report a case of cryoglobulinemia exacerbated by intravenous administration of contrast medium. A 67-year-old woman was referred to our hospital in August 1999 for the evaluation of fever, general fatigue, abdominal pain, and oedema in the lower extremities. These symptoms appeared a few days after contrast computed tomography (CT) scanning performed for the evaluation of liver cirrhosis and gallstones. The patient had a long history of chronic liver disease, with hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection resulting from blood transfusion given on caesarean section. Interferon (IFN) therapy had been used to treat chronic hepatitis, but had failed to exterminate the virus. Viraemia reappeared, and chronic liver dysfunction had progressed to further liver cirrhosis. Laboratory data revealed Type II cryoglobulinemia, hypocomplementemia, positive rheumatoid factor (RF) activity, and intense renal dysfunction with massive proteinuria. Renal pathology showed the findings of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Type II cryoglobulinemia associated with HCV infection was diagnosed. Immunosuppressive therapy was not performed because of concomitant cholecystitis and urinary tract infection. Cryofiltration was started and the symptoms were successfully treated in a short time. Haemodialysis (HD) was introduced because of sustained renal failure, but repeated cryofiltration resulted in gradual renal recovery and consequent withdrawal of HD 15 months later. Cryofiltration was continued once a month to prevent cryoglobulinemic symptoms. Although mild renal dysfunction and hypocomplementemia remained, the patient was in a good general condition. In December 2001, dynamic CT was performed without any adverse manifestations this time. In September 2002, without any causal events, she had finger stiffness, abdominal pain, proteinuria, and macroscopic haematuria. Laboratory data showed hypocomplementemia, deterioration of renal function with nephrotic syndrome, and a slight increase in serum hepatic tumour marker, PIVKA-II. Cryofiltration once a week successfully ameliorated finger stiffness, abdominal pain, and macroscopic haematuria. Ultrasonography showed gallstones and hepatic tumour. Hepatocellular carcinoma was diagnosed by dynamic CT with iopamidol, and subsequent angiography with iomeprol. Thereafter, transcatheter arterial embolization was performed. A few days after these occasions of contrast medium administration, the patient had an exacerbation of cryoglobulinemic symptoms, such as fever, purpura, and macroscopic haematuria. HD, performed right after the administration of contrast medium to prevent further deterioration of renal function, could not control these symptoms. In addition, 450 mg of hydrocortisone administered before the angiography also did not prevent the exacerbation. Laboratory data indicating anaphylactic responses, such as eosinophilia or an increase in serum total IgE, were not observed. The levels of serum IgM and RF increased when the cryoglobulinemic symptoms were exacerbated. Cryocrit was not evaluated. Symptoms were improved by cryofiltration therapy and she was discharged from our ward. All the symptoms and findings, except for the hepatic tumour and gallstones, were compatible with those of cryoglobulinemic exacerbation. It is of much interest that the cryoglobulinemic exacerbation repeatedly occurred shortly after administration of contrast medium in this patient. Contrast medium is known to induce anaphylactic responses or renal dysfunction. However, it is uncommon that the agent induces nephrotic syndrome or affects the levels of serum IgM, complement, and RF activity. With regard to the clinical course of our patient, cryofiltration was quite effective, and the symptoms improved shortly after the treatment was established. This improvement by cryofiltration clearly support that the patient suffered from cryoglobulinemic exacerbation resulting from the administration of contrast medium. Some agents, such as gammaglobulin and IFN, have been reported to exacerbate cryoglobulinemia. There have been two cases of cryoglobulinemic exacerbation induced by administration of intravenous gammaglobulin (1, 2). In Bartońs case, serum IgG and IgM decreased when cryoglobulinemia was exacerbated (1). Type II cryoglobulin usually Letters 61


Since the implementation of the 1976 Medical Device Amendments, the process for obtaining approval to market a medical device through Food and Drug Administration has evolved into a fairly routine process for most medical devices. The process is much more complex, however, for medical laser products. My presentation will address the FDA approval process that a medical laser manufacturer must go through before it can market its product to the medical community.Since the implementation of the 1976 Medical Device Amendments, the process for obtaining approval to market a medical device through Food and Drug Administration has evolved into a fairly routine process for most medical devices. The process is much more complex, however, for medical laser products. My presentation will address the FDA approval process that a medical laser manufacturer must go through before it can market its product to the medical community.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, progressive renal enlargement secondary to expanding cysts is a hallmark. The total cyst load and range of cyst diameters are unknown. The purpose of this study was to quantify the total number and range of diameters of individual cysts in adults with preserved GFR.

DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS
A retrospective, morphometric analysis of renal cyst number and diameter using magnetic resonance images from eight adult autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease patients was performed at baseline and after 6.9 years. Cyst number and diameter were measured in microscopic sections of nephrectomy specimens from five different adults.

RESULTS
The diameters of 1010 cysts ranged from 0.9 to 77.1 mm in baseline T2 magnetic resonance images, and the mean total number of cysts increased from 682 to 1002 in 6.9 years. However, magnetic resonance imaging detects only cysts above the lower limit of detection. In 405 cysts measured in nephrectomy specimens, 70% had diameters <0.9 mm. Cyst counts by magnetic resonance in eight subjects compared with histology revealed approximately 62 times more cysts below the limit of magnetic resonance imaging detection than above it.

CONCLUSIONS
This study presents quantitative data indicating that renal cysts develop in a minority of renal tubules. Increased numbers detected by magnetic resonance imaging are caused primarily by cysts below detection at baseline enlarging to a detectable diameter over time. The broad range of diameters, with a heavy concentration of microscopic cysts, may be most appropriately explained by a formation process that operates continuously throughout life.


Aluminum gallium nitride (Al_ x Ga_1− x N) films, grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on sapphire, were characterized by low-temperature cathodoluminescence (CL) and photoluminescence (PL), and room-temperature optical absorbance. The aluminum fractions are estimated to range from x = 0 to x = 0.444. Most films were silicon-doped. The absorption spectra have a Urbach (exponential) form below the bandgap. The width of the Urbach edge, E _ U , increases with Al fraction, x , as E _ U = (0.045 +1 0.104_ x ) eV. The luminescence (CL or PL) spectra show a relatively narrow band-edge peak and a broad deep-level peak. The full-widths at half-maximum of the band-edge CL peaks (measured at T = 15 K) are remarkably similar to the Urbach absorption widths, E _ U (measured at T = 300 K). PL spectra were obtained from the top surfaces and the film-substrate interfaces of several films. The interface PL spectra of some films show an extra peak 0.15 eV to 0.45 eV below the bandgap, which is ascribed to structural defects or impurity phases localized near the interface. The energy of the band-edge luminescence peak shifts with excitation mode (CL, top-surface PL, or interface PL). This effect is attributed to the variation of the excitation depth, between the top surface and film-substrate interface, with excitation mode, together with the depth variation of film properties such as residual stress or aluminum fraction.


Recently RFID has been receiving attention from ubiquitous computing researchers because of its potential in context-aware services. In this paper, we survey the existing context-aware RFID systems and introduce four context related issues in the systems: context, context-aware service types, system architecture, and middleware. Our work will help stakeholders including customers, analysts, developers, programmers, and testers to understand the systems, and to carry out their work efficiently in the process of developing context-aware RFID systems.


The kinetics of lithium metal and of selected intercalation electrodes in electrochemical cells using poly(ethylene oxide)-based electrolytes are discussed on the basis of cyclic voltammetry, polarisation curves and frequency response analysis. The results indicate that the lithium electrode, even if inherently reversible, may be passivated by the polymer electrolytes with the growth of a resistive layer at the interface. Among the most common intercalation compounds the Li1+xV3O8 bronze shows reversible behaviour and appears to be a very promising positive electrode in rechargeable lithium/polymer electrolyte batteries.


This cross-cultural, ecologically framed study (Bronfenbrenner, 1989) examined relations between adolescents' involvement in misconduct and their perceptions of others' behavior and attitudes toward youths' misconduct (i.e., family members, close friends, school peers, and neighborhood adults). Participants were 16- to 17-year-olds in the Los Angeles area (n = 201), Seoul, Korea (n = 391), and Tianjin, China (n = 502). As anticipated, U.S. youths engaged in more misconduct than Korean and Chinese youths, and Koreans exceeded Chinese. In multivariate analyses, perceived behavior and sanctions of close friends were the strongest predictors of misconduct across all 3 cultural settings. An independent effect of school peers on misconduct was detected only among Chinese youths, whereas a unique effect of neighborhood adults was found only among U.S. adolescents. The absence of perceived neighborhood effects for Korean and Chinese youths was due primarily to shared variance between perceived behavior of neighbo...


Diffusion and diffusion coupled with homogeneous and/or heterogeneous kinetics are investigated at microelectrodes under conditions of steady-state (disk or hemisphere) or quasi-steady-state (hemicylinder and band) diffusion, in order to search for the possible existence of equivalence relationships between these electrodes of different shapes. The goal of this work is to answer the following question : Is it possible to extract sound kinetic and thermodynamic information from experimental voltammograms obtained at a disk or a band microelectrode, using theories or simulations performed respectively at a would-be equivalent hemispherical or a hemicylindrical microelectrode ? It is shown that no true equivalence exists for either pair (band/hemicylinder or disk/hemisphere). Despite the fact that there is no true equivalence, there are time domains where the pair components may become equivalent. This occurs at short times for both sets when planar diffusion prevails and in the quasi-steady-state regime for the band/hemicylinder pair, provided that no slow homogeneous kinetic steps are considered and that different rate constants are considered at each electrode (see text). Conversely, no equivalence exists between disk and hemisphere electrodes in the steady-state domain except for the already noted Nernstian electron transfer mechanism. Under all other kinetic situations, the disk and hemisphere electrodes are not equivalent. The fundamental physicochemical reasons for this major difference between the two microelectrodes pairs are discussed.


The China Undergraduate Mathematical Contest in Modelling (CUMCM) is a national event held annually. Teams of up to three undergraduate students investigate, model, and submit a solution to one of two simulated real-word problems in engineering, management, etc. The aim of the contest is to expose students to the real-world challenges inherent to mathematical modelling and experimentations, and provide educational (creativity, challenge, etc.) experience unique to problem-based learning. In this paper, we briefly introduce the aims and scope, organization and achievement of CUMCM. A selected contest problem from CUMCM-2004 is discussed. We also talk about some problems and difficulties currently faced by the contest.


Background  Common marmosets are widely used as experimental primates; however, little is still known about their bone physiology. Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyse body weight, age and bone‐specific blood parameters in relation to morphological bone parameters.


Prune-Belly syndrome is clinically rare.The article summarizes the incidence,the pathogenesis,change of pathophysiology,clinical symptom and sign,the diagnosis,the treatment and the prognosis of prune-belly syndrome.


Although pastures in central (Affouvansou) Côte d'Ivoire are abundant, signs of undernutrition are observed in the animals towards the end of wintering, possibly due to insufficient quality pastures, poor grass quality, or poor herd distribution. Using the in-vivo digestibility method, bromatological monitoring of the fodder from these pastures was carried out according to the development age of the regrowth using Djallonke sheep. The objective is to help in the judicious use of these pastures. At regrowth age intervals between the 4th and 8th week, the nitrogen content in the grass decreases, the energy value increases at 6 weeks, and decreases slightly to remain at a correct value in the following weeks. Due to its nitrogen value, this pasture can be classified as a more or Original Research Article Kouadja et al.; EJNFS, 13(3): 54-61, 2021; Article no.EJNFS.68728 55 less poor quality savannah fodder. However, the savannah studied is of excellent quality from an energy point of view at 5 6 weeks of regrowth age. Depending on the nitrogen value, the forage can be said to be of average quality from the 5th to the 7th week. Beyond 8 weeks, the forage is of poor quality. The nitrogen content is therefore a limiting factor here. It cannot meet the maintenance needs of the UBT. It, makes sense to use the pastures in the center of the country between the 6th and 7th week of regrowth to get the most out of it.


Objective:To observe the therapeutic effects of combining maxingshigantang and Azithromycine on Mycoplasma pneumonia.Methods:60 cases of mycoplasma pneumonia were randomly divided into treatment group and control group.Treatment group was treated with Chinese traditional medicine and Azithromycine intravenous injection and the conntrol group was treated with Azithromycine intravenous injection.Results:Curative rate of treating group was 90.0% that was more than control group 83.3%,the result has notable difference(P0.05).Conclusion:The cure effect about traditional Chinese and Western medicine treating mycoplasma pneumonia is notable and has a short period of treatment and few side effects.This method is worth spreading.


Tantalum coating was prepared on tungsten substrate by plasma spraying under Ar protective atmosphere. Resultant Ta coating was then treated by hot isostatic pressing. A scanning electron microscope was performed to observe the microstructure of the Ta coatings before and after hot isostatic pressing. Moreover,the elemental composition of the coating was analyzed by energy dispersive spectrometry,its phase structure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction,and its mechanical properties were evaluated based on mechanical tests. Results showed that there existed a small amount of oxygen at the coating-substrate interface,and oxygen was non-uniformly distributed at the interface. Besides,Ta coating consisted of Ta and Ta 6 O and had lamellar net-like structure. Moreover,hot isostatic pressing contributed to reduce the amount of pores in the coating. Namely,after hot isostatic pressing,the compactness of the Ta coating was increased from 91. 2% to 98. 8%,the tensile strength was increased from 19. 4 MPa to 22. 5 Mpa,and the hardness was in-creased from 517. 8 HV to 626. 6 HV.


Human society is rapidly growing into knowledge society, which is based on all-increasing use of Information Technology (IT). Rapid development of IT technology has posed before the IT-education several challenges: rapid, all-increasing flood of new information (half of this what IT student learns in his/her first year of study is already obsolete after three years, and estimates show that we are only in the middle of the information revolution), very heterogeneous population of students - different ages, from different countries, from EU and from Far East, who nearly all are already working (full-time), thus having very different background knowledge, who record lectures (if they are present) with their iPhone/iPad images and videos, who communicate with their mentors sending links to video clips in YouTube; changing nature of Universities, which are transforming into commercial enterprises (based on profit) and are forced to act correspondingly. The whole value of higher IT education is sometimes questioned - Bill Gates and Steve Jobbs both dropped out from college and many employers believe school-leavers make better workers than university graduates [1]. In the paper are discussed current developments in society and IT, challenges of IT education and considered changes what the IT education is currently having in our countries in the general context of EU efforts for promoting e-Skills and lifelong learning.


A record low, six grain dust explosions were reported in the U.S. for 1992 according to data compiled by Ralph Regan, FGIS Safety Director, and Robert W. Schoeff, Consultant and Professor Emeritus, Kansas State University. This compares to 12 in 1991 and a ten-year average of 15 explosions. There was one fatality and eight injured. Five of the six incidents occurred in grain elevators and the other in a toy manufacturing plant. The primary explosion occurred in the elevator leg in four out of six cases. The probable cause was identified in only two cases, lightning and a hot pulley shaft. Fuel sources were identified as corn (4), cornstarch, and wheat. The grain dust explosions occurred in Iowa (2), Illinois, Rhode Island, South Dakota, and Texas. Estimated property damage amounted to $415,000.00. Appreciation is expressed to the many persons who provided the information that allows us to build a data base on grain dust explosions that does not exist in any other industry in the U.S.


The goal of this research consists in examination of current defense policy of Nordic countries associated with geopolitical activity in the Arctic, as well as the potential role of NATO and the European Union thereof. This goal is specified on the example of defense policy of Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Sweden and Finland. An overview is conducted on the role of defense policy of each state within the overall strategic picture of Nordic countries, as well as framework documents. Assessment is given to the defense plans of each aforementioned state. All Nordic countries along with Euro-Atlantic security institutions showed interest in the Arctic. Current risks in the area of security noticeably differ from those existed during the Cold war; each of the Nordic countries encourages the interested parties to responsible economic and political behavior. The article explores defense strategies of the countries that always belonged to the capitalist socioeconomic formation and had no socialist experience, although in the XX century, the island monarchies of Norway, Sweden and Denmark were able to implement most advanced accomplishments of social and technical thought and achieve extraordinary living standards and utmost level of social security for their citizens. Russia has vested interest in the Arctic region substantiated by the historical, cultural, geopolitical, and even pure geographical reasons. This justifies both, competition and cooperation with Nordic countries, which organically fit in the Western civilization.


We have prepared and studied a series of rod-like liquid crystalline compounds with the molecular core laterally substituted by bromine atom and with the lactate unit in the chiral terminal chain. Microscopic observation under the polarising microscope, x-ray and dielectric spectroscopy results enable us to establish the TGBA–SmA–TGBARE–TGBC phase sequence. The presence of the re-entrant TGBA phase below the regular SmA phase, found for three homologues, is quite uncommon. Results are discussed and compared with the previously studied compounds with regular phase sequences.


Synopsis In the first part of the paper a variational characterisation of the periodic eigenvalues (the so-called Fučik spectrum) of a semilinear, positive homogeneous Sturm–Liouville equation is given. The proof relies on the S1-invariance of the equation. In the second part a nonlinear Sturm–Liouville equation with, typically, an exponential nonlinearity is considered. It is proved that under certain conditions this equation is solvable for arbitrary forcing terms. The proof uses a comparison of the minimax levels of the functional associated to this equation with suitable values in the Fučik spectrum.


ABSTRACT This systematic review analyzed the isolated and combined effects of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and beta-alanine (β-alanine) supplementation on combat sports athletes' performance. Using the PRISMA guidelines, studies were identified through 3 databases and only 10 articles were included, 6 investigated the isolated ingestion of NaHCO3, 3 investigated isolated ingestion of β-alanine, whereas only 1 investigated the coingestion of NaHCO3 and β-alanine on combat sports performance. The results showed that both acute isolated ingestion and chronic isolated ingestion of NaHCO3 and chronic β-alanine are effective to improve combat sports athletes' performance and the coingestion of β-alanine and NaHCO3 resulted in additional improvements.


The wave energy power generation-pendulum system (WEPG-PS) is a four-wheeled instrument designed to convert wave power into electric energy. The first wheel is connected to the pendulum by a double freewheel, the second and third are ordinary wheels, while the fourth is a converter component that is axially connected to the electric generator. This design used the Euler-Lagrange formalism and Runge-Kutta method to examine an ideal dimension and determine the numerical solution of the equation of motion related to the rotation speed of the wheels. The result showed that the WEPG-PS' converter system rotated properly when its mass, length, and moment of inertia are 10 kg, 2.0 m, and 0.25 kgm 2 , respectively. This is in addition to when the radius of the first, second, third, and fourth wheels are 0.5, 0.4, 0.2, and 0.01 m, with inertia values of 0.005, 0.004, 0.003, and 0.1 kgm 2 . The converter system has the ability to rotate the fourth wheel, which acts as the handle of an electric generator at an angular frequency of approximately 500 - 600 rad/s. The converter system is optimally rotated when driven by a minimum force of 5 N and maximum friction of 0.05. Therefore, the system is used to generate electricity at an amplitude of 0.3 - 0.61 m, 220 V with 50 Hz. Besides, the lower rotation speed and frequency of the energy converter of the WEPG-PS (300 rad/s) and induction generator (50 Hz) were able to generate electric power of 7.5 kW. ©2020. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved


Abstract The present paper addresses the use of a parallel lattice Boltzmann solver for large eddy simulation of particulate matter flow in a single ventilated model room. The formulation of lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), implementation of large eddy simulation (LES), description of finite volume method (FVM) and then integration of Lagrangian particle tracking in the present algorithm are outlined. A parallel processing method, known as decomposed domain method, for flow and particle phases is defined. Combined stream and collision step technique is employed to reduce CPU runtime and memory usage. The ultimate objective is validation and comparison of prediction accuracy and speed up between present LBM-LES results, FVM-LES results based on Navier–Stokes equations, and available experimental data. Results of flow field show acceptable accuracy for the present LBM-LES method when using high-resolution lattices. It is revealed that in order to achieve an accuracy almost equal to FVM, LBM requires twice the number of lattices but still provides a higher speed. Also, it is shown that the present model is well capable of predicting vortex core and vortex lines and it can capture the features and structure of the turbulence flow field reasonably well. In the particle field, it can capture concentration patterns and particle dispersion with an admissible discrepancy. The use of presently developed algorithm dramatically reduces computational time, such that speed can increase by up to four times in flow and eight times in particle simulations. Copyright © 2023 American Association for Aerosol Research Graphical Abstract


Abstract Comparable flap operations incorporating curettage and osteoplasties were performed in 17 patients on opposite sides of the same jaw on separate occasions. For one side a cover of phenoxymethyl penicillin 250 mg q.d.s. for 5 days commencing at the time of operation was given and for the other side a placebo was used.

Healing was more advanced at 1 week after operation and there was less post-operative discomfort during the first week when the penicillin cover was used. There was a tendency towards less facial swelling when penicillin was administered but the difference was not significant.


For the reception of satellite signals with a low signal to noise ratio a small antenna has been developed. The maximum aperture size is 400 cm2 with an envisioned G/T of 0 dB/K.


(53%), the dissociated optic nerve fibre layer was detected as arcuate undulations of the retina within the area from which the ILM had been removed. To date, few methods have been reported to detect postoperatively the area of ILM peeling. In eyes that underwent ILM peeling with a help of ICG, the resected area could often be detected postoperatively in ICG autofluorescence fundus camera views only immediately after the surgery. The boundary of the ILM peeling is sometimes visualized more easily by postoperative use of a blueor red-free fundus camera. However, the rate of detection is still relatively low; Mitamura and Ohtsuka reported that the edges of the area of ILM peeling were clearly visible on a bluefiltered photograph in only 13 of 74 eyes that had undergone surgery. To us, a scanning laser ophthalmoscope illuminated with a laser of short wave length would seem to provide the most clear visualization of the area from which the ILM was removed. Recently, a number of articles have described the advantages of new OCT technologies. SD-OCT, with its improved acquisition speed and sensitivity, allows clinically useful 3D imaging. In the study described herein, we used 3D imaging obtained with an SD-OCT, which often allowed us to clearly detect the area from which the ILM had been resected. In addition, some eyes showed the dissociated optic nerve fibre layer as many arcuate undulations of the retina within the area of removed ILM. Although OCT examination is essential to confirm anatomic closure of the MH, 3D imaging may help in visualization of fundus features that would not be detected easily with more routine examinations.


This paper briefly analyzes a problem existing in computer network curriculum,which can not meet the demands of student-centered practice especially outside classroom because of lacking in practical training equipment.Therefore,the paper puts forth a practical way to better solve this problem by using VMware software to build up simulated training environment.


The Third International Conference on Quantification of Brain Function with PET -BRAINPET97 The conference will be held on the campus of the National Institutes of Health, June 20-22, 1997, Bethesda, Maryland, The focus of the conference will be the methodology used to study normal and pathologic brain function with PET. The main topic areas are the choice and development of new radiotracers; tracer kinetic modeling; instrumentation and quantification; and image analysis techniques. For further information please contact: Brenda Allen, Nlli Clinical Center, Bldg. 10, Room I C401 , 10 Center Drive MSC 1180, Bethesda, MD 20892-1180; tel: (301) 4024297; fax: (301) 402-3521; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Home page: http://www-pet.cc.nih.gov !brainpet97 /.


To clear away ideological obstacles is the basis of building China into a world sports power.Therefore,it is urgent to understand the necessity,to construct the related main contents and indexes.Meanwhile,a historical view should be taken to judge the State Sponsored Sports Sytem in China and the coordinated development of the society.What is the most important is to follow the scientific outlook on development.


The Council of Europeâ?Ts (CoE) Pompidou Group, Criminal Justice Platform (PGCJP), commissioned the Institute for Criminal Policy Research, based at Kingâ?Ts College London, to conduct a survey on the â?~quasi-compulsoryâ?T treatment (QCT)1 of drug-dependent offenders. QCT refers to any form of drug treatment that is ordered, motivated or supervised by the criminal justice system. While most European countries have various QCT options enshrined within their laws2, it is not clear if there are any guidelines3 advising various professionals on the effective use of these measures. The aim of the survey was to provide an overview of existing guidelines on QCT disposals for adult drug-dependent offenders within 35 Member States of the Council of Europe.


Accounts of conflict often ignore the plight of female survivors. In this paper, we explore the history of Cambodia's Khmer Rouge years focusing on the suffering of three females during these years along with their current outlook and support for education in their village. Situated against the history of the three specific time periods: the Khmer Republic Period, the Khmer Rouge Period, and the Vietnamese Period, the words of these women help us understand the personal toll behind numbers and facts. Reported using the Portraiture Approach with a feminist lens, their stories serve as a frame for understanding the female experience in current genocidal regions of the world.


This paper diverges from traditional exegesis to propose different interpretations on three passages of Dracontius' Carmina profana ( Romul . 8, 3-6, Romul . 10, 477-482 and Romul . 10, 293-295).


. Discontinuities considerably affect the mechanical and hydraulic properties of rock mass. These properties of the rock mass are influenced by the geometry of the discontinuities to a great extent. This paper aims to render an account of the geometrical parameters of several discontinuity sets related to the surrounding rock mass of Rudbar Lorestan Pumped Storage Power Plant powerhouse cavern making use of the linear and areal (circular and rectangular) sampling methods. Taking into consideration quite a large quantity of scanline and the window samplings used in this research, it was realized that the areal sampling methods are more time consuming and cost-effective than the linear methods. Having corrected the biases of the geometrical properties of the discontinuities, density (areal and volumetric) as well as the linear, areal and volumetric intensity accompanied by the other properties related to four sets of discontinuities were computed. There is an acceptable difference among the mean trace lengths measured using two linear and areal methods for the two joint sets. A 3D discrete fracture network generation code (3DFAM) has been developed to model the fracture network based on the mapped data. The code has been validated on the basis of numerous geometrical characteristics computed by use of the linear, areal sampling methods and volumetric method. Results of the linear sampling method have significant variations. So, the areal and volumetric methods are more efficient than the linear method and they are more appropriate for validation of 3D DFN (Discrete Fracture Network) codes.


Review of Rehabilitation research:Principles and applications. Elizabeth Domholdt (2005). 3rd ed., 592 pp., Elsevier Saunders, St Louis, MI, USA. ISBN 0-7216-0029-8.


This study investigates the relationship between social media use, Big Five personality traits, and subjective well-being to determine how different personality traits relate to different measures of social media use and well- being, and which variable influences well-being the most. Participants completed established measures for the Big Five personality traits, social media engagement, social media intensity, satisfaction with life, positive and negative affect, and depression. Results showed that extraversion predicted social media engagement and intensity, and social media time. Conscientiousness predicted spending less time on social media. In addition, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism predicted positive well-being stronger than did social media use. When conducting five separate regression analyses with a social media use variable and a different personality variable each time, four times (conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism) the personality variable predicted negative well-being more strongly than did the social media use variable. However, negative well-being was predicted more strongly by social media use than by the fifth personality variable, openness to change. Results are discussed and possible future investigations are suggested.


Aim: Clinical efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy for grass pollen-induced allergic rhinitis (AR) needs to translate into patient benefit. Patients & methods: Patients received Oralair (Stallergenes, Antony, France) in real-life medical practice. Patient-relevant treatment benefits were measured with the AR-specific Patient Benefit Index. Subgroups were analyzed regarding distinct patient characteristics. Results: Data of 883 patients (children, adolescents, and adults) were analyzed. The highest-ranked patient needs referred to having less AR-symptoms, being able to go outdoors, and being free in the choice of leisure activities. Most patients (89.2-94.6%) attained at least minimally relevant benefit. All subgroups reported relevant benefits, with significantly higher scores in some subgroups. Conclusion: Treatment with Oralair was associated with considerable patient-relevant benefit in all age groups.


Glycoproteins M and N of Pseudorabies virus(PRV)can form a disulfide_linked complex.According to the nucleotide sequences of PV Ka strain,two pairs of primers corresponding to the gM and gN gene were synthesized,and the fragments containing the gM and gN coding domains of PRV Ea strain were amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) from the infectious cell culture.The purified PCR products were inserted into transfer vector pFastBacl under the control of the polyhedrin promoter,resulting in plasmids pFM,pFN and the sequences were obtained by Sanger's sequencing technique.When compared with PRV Ka strain,gM and gN displayede 98.4% and 97.6% animo acid identities.The results of secondary_class analysis showed that gM containing a potencial N_glycosylation sites and eight hydrophobic domains predicted to be transmembrane sequences;gN had a hydrophobic putative signal peptide and transmembrane domains.The above results will lay the foundation for further studying the interacting sites and the funcation of the gM/gN complex.


This research studies microearthquake (MEQ) data analysis in "X" geothermal field. The data was recorded in two phases; before and during drilling, with a total number of 2863 events recorded. The quality assessment method was applied using wadati diagram analysis in order to select the best quality data for advance processing. The result shows that the MEQ events are having trend of Vp/Vs ratio around 1.76. The MEQ data then processed using tomography inversion technique to obtain the image of subsurface seismic velocity structure. The results of seismic tomography inversion shows anomaly pattern which consistent with the lithology and geological structure. The results also shows a good agreement with the interpretation of resistivity section from magnetotelluric (MT) data, as well as from geochemical data. The region infered as reservoir zone are observed with dominantly high Vp/Vs anomaly which indicates incompressible characteristics that may relate to existence of water content, while the low Vp/Vs anomaly which indicates steam cap existence are not observed in this region. This pattern of anomaly leads to inference that the reservoir characteristics are dominated with liquid phase of fluid.


Urinary tract involvement is rarely described in APS. We report the case of a 40 year-old man with primitive APS who was diagnosed an arterial and venous unilateral ureteral ischemia, revealed by a hydronephrosis. He had been on oral anticoagulation for six years because of two deep venous thromboses. He developed then a massive splenic infarct and an acute myocardial infarct, which required intensification of his anticoagulation, add of aspirin and high doses of corticosteroids. Three months later, he was explored for a latero-thoracic pain. Biology found an acute renal failure and microscopic haematuria. CT scan showed hypoperfusion of the left kidney, an ostial defect on renal artery and left hydronephrosis. Retrograde pyelography found a proximal ureteral stenosis. A dilatation with stenting failed, leading to a partial left ureteral resection. Histology confirmed ureteral segmental organized arterial thrombosis and venous thrombosis. Evolution was favourable with stabilization of creatinine level. Urinary tract involvement is rarely described in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). We report the case of a 40 year-old man with primitive APS who developed an arterial and venous unilateral ureteral ischemia revealed by painful unilateral hydronephrosis. The patient was on oral anticoagulation for six years because of two deep venous thromboses. He developed then a massive splenic infarct and an acute myocardial infarct, which required the intensification of his anticoagulation and high doses of corticosteroids. Three months later, he was explored for a latero-thoracic pain. Biology found an acute renal failure and microscopic haematuria. CT scan showed a hypoperfusion of the left kidney, an ostial defect on renal artery and a left hydronephrosis. Retrograde pyelography found a stenosis of the proximal ureter. A dilatation with stenting failed, leading to a partial left ureteral resection. Histology confirmed ureteral segmental organized arterial thrombosis and venous thrombosis. Evolution was favourable with stabilization of creatinine. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaim.v2i2.7659 Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine 2013;02(02):78-80


Recently, interest in studying pigments from lichens has been aroused due to their bioactive properties and health benefits. The Geolashon (Teloschistes flavicans) is a thousand-year-old lichen from the Peruvian Andes characterized by its yellow filaments, traditionally used by the Peruvian inhabitants as a natural pigment for making handicrafts and medicinal purposes. In this sense, this article aims to compile all the studies on Geolashon as a source of natural yellow pigments, starting from its importance and applications by the Andean population to research on obtaining, characterizing, and properties of its extracts. Although studies on this lichen are limited, it was observed that the obtained from lichen are rich in 3-[1'-(2",3"-dihydroxy-phenyl)-propyl]-7-hydroxy- chroman-4-one, vicanicin, parietin, other compounds and has antidiabetic, antibacterial, antileukemic, antimicrobial, anticancer and termiticide activity that would be interesting for use in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food and agricultural industries, generating added value in the final product. Aspects such as processing, functional properties, and toxicology of the bioactive components of Geolashon must be studied for its correct use.


An anode for an electrolytic capacitor, which was etched with an organic acid before the anode for producing the dielectric layer was anodically oxidized. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the organic acid can etch away at least a portion of any oxides on the anode. So as to obtain a relatively uniform surface for forming the dielectric; this in turn leads to a dielectric layer having a substantially uniform thickness and a homogeneous amorphous structure and thus improved leakage current and stability properties. The organic acid may also have other benefits at the edge, such as the removal of metallic contaminants from the surface of the anode.


Through analyzing the conditions and formation of the investment multiplier effect, this paper demonstrates the leakages existing in the process of the investment multiplier effect, and makes the empirical analysis on the investment multiplier effect in Shanxi Province.


This paper proposes an innovative design scheme of a manta-inspired robot system for both fast swimming and high maneuverability. Based on some hydrodynamic and biological studies on manta rays, a new pectoral fin with two separate DOFs is designed, to mimic the compound motion of two vertical waves as well as the tip trajectory of the natural pectoral fin, which have important influence on the efficient swimming of manta rays. Besides, a special buoyance adjustment mechanism is incorporated to pursue gliding ability and three-dimensional maneuverability of robotic manta. With novel structural design and powerful servomotors, the robotic manta is expected to achieve high propulsion efficiency while maintaining good swimming speed. Specifically, the motion principles and geometrical parameters of the pectoral fin are discussed in detail. Moreover, the basic control method of robotic manta is given and simulation analyses are conducted to verify the presented new design.


In order to meet the needs of dispatching and monitoring the voltage stability of power grid in real-time,a monitoring system of voltage stability is developed based on web.The programming of web in the system is exploited by Visual C#.NET,and the background database management system is exploited by SQL Server2000,the data sources come from the flow calculating in the power system and results of stability calculating program.During the development,some key technologies such as ASP.NET and ADO.NET are utilized and security controlling measures are taken.According to different users,the developed system can release voltage stability data and analysis the results including bus sensitivity,line sensitivity,and loss sensitivity and so on.The example shows that the system designing by C#.NET can improve development efficiency,better the program universality and satisfy the demands of data monitoring under the conditions that the power system working modes and parameters change.


Is literacy a missing link between female schooling and reduced child mortality in developing countries? An affirmative answer might be based on Preston's (1989) model of mortality reduction, which gives a central place to literacy in the spread of improved health knowledge to mothers of young children. Other analysts of the demographic evidence (Le Vine 1987; Cleland 1990 ) have been sceptical about literacy and other skills in the school curriculum, finding it implausible that the level attained in a few years of attendance at low-quality schools during her childhood could be retained by the average woman in her childbearing years and have an impact on her child health care and reproduction sufficient to affect birth and death rates. But answering the question requires measuring literacy directly, which has not been done in demographic research to date. This report presents the first results of literacy assessment in three community-level studies, indicating that literacy skills acquired in schools of rural Mexico, rural Nepal and urban Zambia are retained to some extent into the childbearing years and may affect the reproductive and health behaviour of women with young children. Figure 1 shows a theoretical model of the pathways that might link maternal schooling with child survival through a causal impact of school attendance on literacy, health skills and health-care practices. National censuses and demographic and health surveys have shown robust associations between Boxes 1 and 5 without clarifying the intervening variables that might connect them. There is also a good deal of evidence indicating associations between maternal schooling and health care (Box 4), suggesting that maternal use of health and contraceptive services, as well as domestic sanitary and dietary practices, may be involved, but this still leaves unknown the processes by which attending school during childhood and adolescence affects maternal practices during the childbearing years. Figure 1 proposes a model by which schools do what they are officially intended to do, transmit the literacy skills (Box 2), enabling women to acquire health information and interact effectively with medical personnel (Box 3) on the basis of which they engage in health care practices (Box 4) which reduce the risks to their children's survival. This has seemed an unlikely causal sequence to analysts aware that in many developing countries schooling is of poor quality, there is little apparent support for women to retain literacy skills in their adult lives, and the associations of formal education with mortality and fertility in many populations do not exhibit the thresholds and asymptotes one would expect if they were attributable to the curriculum at a particular level of schooling (such as learning to read in primary school). In other words, the link between Boxes 1 and 2 has seemed implausible, leading analysts to consider more seriously processes other than literacy acquisition to account for the links of schooling to health care and child survival. But the model has not been tested empirically, and that was the aim of the research reported here. The overall strategy of our research has been to conduct approximate replications of a community-level study, including an interview survey and home observations, in diverse settings throughout the world that have a substantial population of childbearing women who had attended school. Mexico, Nepal and Zambia were chosen for the first studies because of