The training effect has been systematically studied in exchange coupled NiFe2O4/NiO nanogranular system. Both exchange bias field (HEB) and vertical magnetization shifts (MShift) can be observed after the system field cooled from 350 K to low temperatures, which decrease monotonically through consecutive loop cycles. During this procedure, linear dependence between HEB and MShift is found for this system, revealing the critical role of the pinned uncompensated spins. With the increase of cooling field, the relative change of HEB becomes more pronounced, which shows that the rapid reduction of the pinned uncompensated spins for high cooling field. Moreover, the reduction of HEB becomes weakened with decreasing measured temperatures, which indicated the spin configuration at low temperatures possesses higher dynamic stability. The cooling field and temperature dependence on training effect is discussed in terms of the evolution of the metastable spin configurations at the interfaces and fitted by a recent t...


An abalone paste is prepared from dried fresh alalone through stewing in clean water to obtain soup, adding clean water, said soup, white sugar, hydrolyzed plant protein, table salt, gourmet powder, sorbic acid, and edible citric acid into heater while stirring, boiling and adding starch milk. Its advantages is rich nutrients.


The consumption of energy contributes significantly to the overall cost of operations and the environmental impact of the mining and mineral processing industry. However, despite a few notable exceptions, most of the resulting waste heat produced is dissipated, without recovery, into the environment. There is also a lot of stored heat in mine water which can be tapped into long after a mine has closed. There is, therefore, significant opportunity to improve the industry's sustainability through increasing the amount of waste heat recovered and repurposed.


Glass-on-glass fiber bundles have been made with a resolution of better than 20 optical lines per millimeter in a 36-in. length. Transmittance is 47% in the range 5600°–7000°. Bundles 14-in. in diameter have been incorporated in a duodenoscope, permitting the examination of the duodenum. A ureterscope has also been constructed 312mm in diameter and 30 in. long for the examination of the ureter and kidney.


Background Stroke has a high disability rate, and 30% of stroke cases have an unknown cause. Accurate diagnosis and treatment of stroke requires consideration of several rare heritable and non-heritable factors. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of three genetic polymorphisms (rs369149111 in HTRA1, rs1803628 in GAS6 and rs9808753 in IFNGR2) on stroke susceptibility among the Chinese Han population. Methods Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 623 stroke cases and 572 healthy controls were genotyped by the Agena MassARRAY platform. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by logistic regression analysis to evaluate the associations of three SNPs with stroke susceptibility. Additionally, SNP-SNP interactions were analyzed by multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR). Results As demonstrated by the overall analysis, rs9808753 in IFNGR2 (allele: OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.06–1.47, p = 0.007; homozygous: OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.14–2.23, p = 0.007; dominant: OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.02–1.67, p = 0.032; recessive: OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.05–1.91, p = 0.022; additive: OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.07–1.48, p = 0.007) was associated with an increased susceptibility to stroke. Besides, stratification analysis suggested that rs9808753 was associated with an increased risk of stroke in subgroup aged ≤ 64 years, males and drinkers (p < 0.05). And rs1803628 in GAS6 was significantly associated with an increased susceptibility to stroke in non-smokers (p < 0.05). Conclusion A risk-increasing effect of IFNGR2 rs980875 on stroke was detected in this study, which further broadens the understanding of the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and stroke susceptibility.


Abstract Nitric oxide serves as an orthograde synaptic cotransmitter between identified neurons in the cerebral ganglion of Aplysia. Nitric oxide synthase, the enzyme that produces nitric oxide, is localized in a few specific neurons in the ganglia, including neuron C2. Guanylyl cyclase the target enzyme of nitric oxide, is found in neurons C4 and MCC, which are synaptic followers of C2. Stimulation of C2 causes a vsEPSP in these neurons that is reduced to 50% of its amplitude by nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and guanylyl cyclase inhibitors. The remaining portion of the vsEPSP is mediated by histamine. Thus, nitric oxide and histamine act as orthograde cotransmitters in producing the vsEPSP. Both cotransmitters cause closure of a background potassium channel, which depolarizes the neuron and enhances its response to synaptic inputs. Exogenous nitric oxide (released by nitric oxide donor molecules) and histamine mimic the vsEPSP's depolarization and decreased membrane conductance. When neurons C4 or MCC are isolated in cell culture they respond just as they do in the ganglion, i.e., the nitric oxide response but not the histamine response is blocked by guanylyl cyclase inhibitors, and the membrane conductance is decreased by both histamine and nitric oxide. Aplysia hemolymph partially suppresses the response to nitric oxide, due to nitric oxide scavenging by hemocyanin, which contains copper and is the equivalent of hemoglobin. Neuron C2 followers that are hyperpolarized by histamine are insensitive to nitric oxide. Thus, only select follower neurons respond to both transmitters.


A seven-dimensional Euclidean space considered as the space of purely imaginary Cayley numbers is called a Cayley space. The six-dimensional sphere in a Cayley space admits an almost complex structure which is not integrable. Moreover the algebraic properties of the imaginary Cayley numbers induce an almost complex structure on any oriented differentiable hypersurface in the Cayley space. The Riemannian metric induced on the hypersurface from the metric of the Cayley space is Hermitian with respect to the almost complex structure. It is proved that the induced Hermitian structure of an oriented hypersurface in the Cayley space is almost Kaehlerian if and only if it is Kaehlerian, that a necessary and sufficient condition for a hypersurface in a Cayley space to be an almost Tachibana space is that the hypersurface be totally umbilical, and that a totally umbilical hypersurface in a Cayley space admits a complex structure when and only when it is totally geodesic. For a hypersurface in the Cayley space with the induced Hermitian structure which is an *O-space it is proved that all the principal curvatures of the hypersurface are constant, and from this is deduced a classification of such *O-spaces.


In a DPCM coder respective estimated values are sub tracted from digitized picture element signals and esti mated errors are used for signal transmission after quan tization and coding. Each estimated value is derived from a reconstructed picture element signal formed in an adder. Separate, simultaneous subtractions of the signal taken at the output of the adder, as well as of the Apr. 28, 1987 DE Fed. Rep. of Germany ....... 3714130 positive and negative adder limit values, from the re 51) Int. Cl." ............................................... H04N 7/12 spective picture element signal at the input thereby 52 U.S. Cl. ..................................... 358/136, 358/135 occur, whereby an overflow recognition device and a 58) Field of Search ................... 358/135, 136, 12, 13; multiplexer provide that only the difference from the 375/27, 122 three differences formed up to this point are taken into consideration for quantization on the basis of the actual (56) References Cited addition result, including no overflow, positive over U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS flow and negative overflow.


The paper uses the Offenders' Social Reintegration Project, run between 1988 and 1998 by the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, to discuss the characteristics of new forms of action research and to reflect on the main debates within action research literature. Firstly, new forms of action research dealing with community issues tend to take place within complex systems, aiming to bring potential partners together and to facilitate the development of networks of organisations. Networking presupposes a more open-ended mode of research and opens the question of participation of the social groups concerned. The varying and changing degrees of participation within the Project are described with reference to the role of the researchers and the discrepancy between formal and informal partnerships. Secondly, the relation between research and action is dealt with via a discussion of the different types of knowledge produced in the course of the Project and their appropriateness for informing and evaluating practice. The implications of these arguments for the scientific status of action research and the paradigm within which it can be located are also addressed. Thirdly, the paper discusses the role of the various institutional contexts in shaping and constraining possible types of research and action. Finally, the type of change pursued by action research projects is considered with reference to the ongoing debate within action research literature on the role of politics, leading to the acknowledgement of the inevitable implication of political negotiations and power in any initiative towards social change.


Using public goods theory,externalities theory,infant industries theory and sustainable development theory to support the development of cultural industry,this paper analyzes the regulation mechanism of government fiscal taxation support.It shows a close correlation between market,government regulation and the development of cultural industries.The paper also argues that fiscal taxation policy boosts the development of China's cultural industry.


To examine the impact of parent‐led massage on the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) features of typically developing term‐born infants at 4 months.


Various estimates of directional microphone performance are possible, yielding a wide variety of published and advertised signal‐to‐noise improvements. There appears to be a growing concensus that the ratio of on‐axis sound to diffuse sound (the ''directivity index'') provides the most realistic measure for real‐world use of hearing aids. We undertook to measure several commercial digital and analog hearing aids, mostly of recent design, using the methods under consideration for ANSI standard adoption: anechoic polar measurements with data numerically integrated to obtain a diffuse‐field directivity index estimate and direct anechoic and reverberation‐room measurements. These measurements generally agreed, and showed a wide range of performance across designs.


Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) has attracted increasing attention for the applications in the gas phase plasma chemical reactions. The utilization of electrode cooling has been proved to enhance the performance of plasma chemical reactions in the coaxial DBD reactor. However, the universal understanding on how the electrode cooling improves the plasma reaction is very limited. Here, we investigated the discharge characteristics in the N2 DBD with and without water cooling for outer electrode. The influence of water cooling on the discharge characteristics of the N2 DBD was examined by the diagnostics of electrical, optical, and temperature characters. The results showed that at the same initial applied voltage, the N2 DBD with water cooling exhibited a more stable discharge with higher intensity in comparison with that without water cooling, which was reflected by the smaller decrease and higher level in applied voltage, number of current pulses, transferred charge, relative intensity of the main reactive species, and energy efficiency as a function of discharge time. From the temperature measurement, the temperature of the DBD reactor was maintained in the lower and more stable level in the presence of water cooling, indicating that more energy was injected into the plasma reactions rather than wasted as heat dissipation to the environment, which led to the higher energy efficiency in the N2 DBD with water cooling. Overall, this work provides essential references for the development and optimization of the DBD reactors in practical applications (e.g., chemical synthesis using plasma processes).


Both CAAHP and NAAHP have deep roots in the Midwest. The Heartland is known as the breadbasket that feeds our nation. Big 10 schools and big ideas take root in our Central region as well as initiatives that feed and nourish our health professions advisor members. In CAAHP's 50+-year history, several of those ideas, such as mentoring and providing research grants, have also become the seeds that have grown into national efforts to nourish our fellow advisors across the country. Here we have harvested a cornucopia of those initiatives of which we are most proud, and which reflect the values of CAAHP and the value we place on our members. We provide some history and discuss our current status and future directions based on our recent CAAHP strategic plan.


By applying atomic force microscope to the flat in-plane polycrystalline microstructure, pressure-dependent topographic evolutions can be studied with respect to surface dihedral angle and groove geometry. Using cold-sintered zinc oxide...


OBJECTIVE
The goal of our study is to establish the publishing percentage of reports accepted in congresses of Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria held during the years 1996-98.

METHODS
Any paper in a journal indexed within Indice Médico Español.

RESULTS
From a total of 638 reports, 35 corresponding to the 1998 congress (15.6%), 27 to the 1997 congress (13.4%) and 30 to the 1996 congress (15.6%) were later published. Only 3.4% of the aforementioned 638 reports were published in journals indexed in Index Medicus.

CONCLUSIONS
Percentages found were noticeably lower than those of other medical groups (41%), but higher than those found for the American Society of Health Pharmacists Congress, held in 1994 (11%). Published reports only rarely show up in journals indexed in Index Medicus. Such scarce widespreading of studies takes relevant information away from both the scientific and clinical communities, and introduces publication biases for systematic reviews. The recent inclusion of our journal "Farmacia Hospitalaria" in Medline will notably increase paper spreading.


ABSTRACT In this paper we addressed one main concern of researchers that existing Content Analysis (CA) schemes should be used more widely by CA researchers in order to empirically validate the same instead of having to formulate new schemes due to lack of confidence or unwillingness to adopt existing schemes. We mapped our scheme to the practical inquiry cognitive presence model (as proposed by Garrison and colleagues), five phases directly to realise critical thinking aspects for our software engineering students in Hong Kong. We empirically examine the CMC transcripts of a group of 5 students undertaking a final year software engineering course in Hong Kong. The examination of the online transcripts involve conducting content analysis on 62 posted messages by a group of 5 students throughout the first semester of the academic year 2007/2008, in the form of code-recode, as distinct from inter-rater reliability measure. It is argued in this paper that the empirical study conducted with software engineering students in Hong Kong gives an indication that critical thinking or higher-order thinking certainly exists within online collaborative learning teams where knowledge emerges and is shared. We further claim that responses in the 'integration' and 'resolution' categories are more pertinent to critical thinking or higher-order thinking in the context of online small group collaborative learning environment when using the cognitive presence model as a framework for measurement purposes. Further, we evaluate the SQUAD software prototype online learning environment with respect to usability issues and report our findings and recommendations herein.


Cell stress and impaired oxidative phosphorylation are central to mechanisms of synaptic loss and neurodegeneration in the cellular pathology of Alzheimers disease (AD). We quantified the in vivo density of the endoplasmic reticulum stress marker, the sigma 1 receptor (S1R) using [11C]SA4503 PET, as well as that of mitochondrial complex I (MC1) with [18F]BCPP-EF and the pre-synaptic vesicular protein SV2A with [11C]UCB-J in 12 patients with early AD and in 16 cognitively normal controls. We integrated these molecular measures with assessments of regional brain volumes and brain perfusion (CBF) measured with MRI arterial spin labelling. 8 AD patients were followed longitudinally to estimate rates of change with disease progression over 12-18 months. The AD patients showed widespread increases in S1R ([≤] 27%) and regional decreases in MC1 ([≥] -28%), SV2A ([≥] -25%), brain volume ([≥] -23%), and CBF ([≥] -26%). [18F]BCPP-EF PET MC1 density ([≥] -12%) and brain volumes ([≥] -5%) were further reduced at follow up in brain regions consistent with the differences between AD patients and controls at baseline. Exploratory analyses showing associations of MC1, SV2A and S1R density with cognitive changes at baseline and longitudinally with AD, but not in controls, suggested a loss of metabolic functional reserve with disease. Our study thus provides novel in vivo evidence for widespread cellular stress and bioenergetic abnormalities in early AD and that they may be clinically meaningful.


Subjects indicated the likelihood that a female, photographed in eight situations, would be raped. The situations were created by the Cartesian product of her dress (seductive/nonseductive), posture (aggressive/non-aggressive), and setting (inside/outside). The three variables combined additively with the highest subjective probability of rape associated with the seductive/nonaggtessive/outside condition.


Dwarf male-sterile wheat is a Taigu genic male-sterile wheat with dwarf marker,and an efficient method of population improvement,and has vast application prospects in germplasm creation.Excellence breeding technology and system have been built using dwarfing-sterile wheat and recurrent selection technology for long-term study and trying,and important progress have made in variety breeding,germplasm creation,transfer of characteristic inherit of dwarf male-sterile wheat and physiology bio-chemical etc.According to different environment and breeding targets in different area of Xinjiang,6 reformative groups of winter wheat have been built by Institute of Cereal Crops of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences after dwarf male-sterile wheat being introduced in 1989,and acquired a batch strains excellent in comprehensive characteristic and some especially center strains with the special heredity background.


The costimulatory receptors CD28 and cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen (CTLA)‐4 and their ligands, CD80 and CD86, are expressed on T lymphocytes; however, their functional roles during T cell–T cell interactions are not well known. The consequences of blocking CTLA‐4–CD80/CD86 interactions on purified mouse CD4+ T cells were studied in the context of the strength of signal (SOS). CD4+ T cells were activated with phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) and different concentrations of a Ca2+ ionophore, Ionomycin (I), or a sarcoplasmic Ca2+ ATPase inhibitor, Thapsigargin (TG). Increasing concentrations of I or TG increased the amount of interleukin (IL)‐2, reflecting the conversion of a low to a high SOS. During activation with PMA and low amounts of I, intracellular concentrations of calcium ([Ca2+]i) were greatly reduced upon CTLA‐4–CD80/CD86 blockade. Further experiments demonstrated that CTLA‐4–CD80/CD86 interactions reduced cell cycling upon activation with PMA and high amounts of I or TG (high SOS) but the opposite occurred with PMA and low amounts of I or TG (low SOS). These results were confirmed by surface T‐cell receptor (TCR)–CD3 signalling using a low SOS, for example soluble anti‐CD3, or a high SOS, for example plate‐bound anti‐CD3. Also, CTLA‐4–CD80/CD86 interactions enhanced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Studies with catalase revealed that H2O2 was required for IL‐2 production and cell cycle progression during activation with a low SOS. However, the high amounts of ROS produced during activation with a high SOS reduced cell cycle progression. Taken together, these results indicate that [Ca2+]i and ROS play important roles in the modulation of T‐cell responses by CTLA‐4–CD80/CD86 interactions.


Any hydropower project requires an ample availability of stream flow data. Unfortunately, most of the hydropower projects especially small hydropower projects are conducted on ungauged river and consequently hydrologists have for a longtime used stream flow estimation methods using the mean annual flows to gauge rivers. Unfortunately flow estimation methods which include the runoff data method, area ratio method and the correlation flow methods employ a lot of assumptions which affect their uncertainty. This study was conducted on Bua River in Malawi to unveil the uncertainties of these flow estimation methods. The study was done on a well gauged catchment in order to highlight the variations between the observed, true stream flows and the estimated stream flows for uncertainty analysis. After regionalizing the homogenous sites, catchments using L-moments, an uncertainty analysis was done which showed that the area method is better followed by the correlating flow method and lastly the runoff data method in terms of bias, accuracy and uncertainty.


This paper first analyzes three major problems that can be encountered in video behavior recognition tasks: sampled blocks cannot be focused on motion regions, global motion affects recognition results, and the network's spatio-temporal modeling capability is weak. To address these three problems, we propose the SlowFast behavior recognition algorithm (MASlowFast) that incorporates motion saliency as an application scenario for mine personnel safety behavior recognition. The specific solutions are the sampling method based on motion saliency, the extraction of motion boundary features, and the spatio-temporal segmentation strategy of fast and slow channels. Finally, we validated the effectiveness and accuracy of the algorithm in this paper by ablation experiments on UCF101 dataset and HMDB51 dataset.


A |portable sloping platform comprising an upper surface with a covering material 16 attached and a support structure 4, 6 and 8 which extends down from the upper surface to support it wherein the upper surface is inclined with respect to a surface it is positioned on. A top panel 12 and the support structure 4, 6 and 8 may be integrally moulded. The top panel 12 may be square or rectangular and the covering 16 may be a mat with artificial grass. The support structure may have 4 panels 4, 6 and 8 which extend downwards with an open bottom. The mat 16 may be offset from the edges of the top panel 12 to allow the devices to be stacked. A handle have also be provided. The mat 16 may be held in position with bosses which cooperate with holes in the top panel 12. The device is designed as a swing practice platform which can be used at a driving range.


In contract law, solus consensus obligat means that, by general rule, contracts are executed by the mere consent of the parties and there is a freedom regarding the ways for its externalization. Today the word "consensualism" is inevitably preceded by the descriptive noun "principle", indicating that the principalistic character of consensualism is evident, at the point that this idea is rooted on the bases of our private law of contracts. Despite the principalistic quality of consensualism, in the present document, we set aside this conviction and focus on the rescue of the reasons that justified the elevation of consensualism to the rank of principle. After reviewing the concept and its moral foundations we would try, by the formulation of a conceptual confrontation, to exalt this principalistic character of consensualism.


RuO2 nanometer-sized rods with pyramidal tips have been grown on Cu-coated Si(100) substrates using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The geometry of these nanorods resembles an obelisk with an off-center tip. The aspect ratios of nanorod tips are between 0.55 and 0.73. The field emission properties of the RuO2 nanorods are studied and the stability of its emission current is assessed. The field emission results demonstrate that RuO2 nanorods material is an emitter of potential.


There are several recognised clinical and radiographic presentations of eosinophilic lung disease. These include simple pulmonary eosinophilia (SPE), chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP), acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP), allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and pulmonary eosinophilia associated with a systemic disease. [1] Systemic diseases implicated include eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), formerly known as Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) and the hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES). Eosinophilic pneumonias may be idiopathic or secondary to a known cause. Causes may include drugs, irradiation, toxins and infections. The infections may be fungal, parasitic or mycobacterial in nature. AEP, CEP and ABPA have radiographic features that may be suggestive, if not pathognomonic, in several instances. In addition, varying degrees of pulmonary eosinophilia may be associated with diffuse lung diseases, neoplasia and connective tissue diseases. Finally, a hallmark of eosinophilic lung diseases (with the exception of HES) is their exquisite sensitivity to corticosteroids. The eosinophil leukocyte is of obvious importance. It is a granulocyte named for its abundance of eosinophilic granules in the cytoplasm. Mature eosinophils circulate for approximately 24 hours before being recruited into target tissues where they undergo rapid apoptosis if no survival factors are present. [2]


Australia is one of the lower funding nations of legal assistance services on a per capita basis. Advocating for increases to funding during a period of government fiscal rhetoric revolving around cutting expenditure is challenging. Reductions to legal assistance funding by governments are easily quantified - each dollar not spent is a dollar saved. What is not so easily quantifiable is the cost of underfunding legal assistance services, and an identification of who is ultimately made to pay those costs.


The contrapuntal vocal polyphony of the Aka Pygmies is based on a pentatonic scale but the nature of this scale is difficult to determine by ear. To overcome this problem and to circumvent difficulties of articulating such abstract concepts as musical scales which, for the Aka, are not subject to verbalisation, a method based on the use of a synthesiser was conceived and applied in a series of experiments among the Pygmies. In these experiments, polyphonic music of their own culture was simulated with different underlying scale models and submitted to their cultural judgment. This method was shown not only to cope with the initial problem but also to provoke a series of non-verbal interactions that open new dimensions for the study of cognitive aspects of musical systems in oral traditions.


A review is presented of ultrasonic welding techniques for joining dissimilar metals that are difficult or impracticable to join by conventional techniques. Applications to structural, electrical, and electronic fields are discussed. Ultrasonic bonds in bimetal combinations of hightemperature refractory metals and alloys such as molybdenum, titanium, zirconium, and precipitation-hardening stainless steels were produced and found to be of good structural integrity. (C.J.G.)


Bio-diesel is a future fuel. With petro-products becoming increasingly polluting and harmful to environment there is need for alternative sources of energy. In the current scenario exploring energy alternatives in the form of bio fuels namely ethanol and Bio-diesel assumes top priority. Bio-diesel derived from the plants like sun flower, rape seed canola or Jatropha Curcas can be used as a substitute to diesel. Current method of production of Bio-diesel is as follows.


━━ Background. The feasibility of crizotinib treatment in nonagenarian patients with lung cancer exhibiting rearrangement of the echinoderm microtubuleassociated protein-like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4-ALK) fusion gene is not well known. Case. A 92year-old woman with chronic renal dysfunction presented with a low-grade fever and dry cough lasting for one month upon admission to the Department of Internal Medicine at our hospital. A chest radiograph showed left total atelectasis, and computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a left hilar mass totally obstructing the main bronchus. Multiple low-density areas were also identified in the liver, and fiberoptic gastroscopy disclosed hemorrhagic gastritis. A needle biopsy of the liver revealed adenocarcinoma with immunohistochemical staining positive for TTF-1. Therefore, left lung cancer with multiple liver metastases was diagnosed. Rearrangement of the EML4-ALK fusion gene was also detected on both immunohistochemical staining and a FISH assay of the liver specimen. Hence, treatment with crizotinib was started at a dose of 400 mg per day. On day 5, the patient experienced a drastic improvement in dyspnea, and a chest radiograph and CT scan showed complete recanalization of left main bronchus. In addition, the liver tumor had significantly decreased in size on CT. The patient did not require further oxygen inhalation; however, she refused to take crizotinib on day 8 due to repeated diarrhea and constipation resulting in frequent abdominal pain. Unfortunately, a fever developed six days after crizotinib cessation, and the patient suddenly died two days later of massive hematemesis. An autopsy was not performed, and the exact cause of hematemesis was unknown. Conclusions. Crizotinib has a substantial anticancer effect, even in nonagenarians. To the best of our knowledge, the current patient is the oldest to exhibit a dramatic and rapid response to crizotinib. The relationship between sudden death due to hematemesis and the administration of crizotinib is unknown. The patient's condition in this case may have simply involved the acute exacerbation of preexisting hemorrhagic gastritis, although the rapid deterioration of undetected intestinal metastatic lesions is also possible. (JJLC. 2014;54:951-954)


A high degree of stability, simplicity, and compactness has been achieved with the RF system in operation on a new 30-inch AVF cyclotron. The over-all size of this RF system has been reduced by bending the resonator from the horizontal to the vertical plane so that the RF system extends only 24 inches beyond the cyclotron coils. The resonant structure is a half-wave line terminated in two 120-degree dees. The dee capacity has been reduced by copper plating the cyclotron hill iron, which leaves the full valley gap under a large portion of the dees. The RF frequency, which is the same as the ion rotation frequency, is quickly and easily adjusted from 12.5 to 25 Mc by changing straps in the resonator which is in air. The system is powered by a grounded grid oscillator which uses a single triode. A dee-to-ground voltage of 35 kV at 25 Mc is routinely obtained with 30 kW of dc input to the oscillator. The minimum dee-to-ground gap is ? inch. Other features of the system include biasing of the entire RF structure to prevent multipacting and a .01 per cent frequency regulation system.


This essay focuses on re-enactments of the past through performances of memory both in and with visual media, and looks at how these may embody, express, work through, and even unpick, interconnections between the private, the public and the personal. It explores some questions around visual media/visual discourses, memory and collective identity by looking at filmic and photographic examples from England, Scotland, Canada and China. It also raises some questions around appropriate research methodologies and about how institutions such as museums and archives may figure in some of these collective activities, practices and performances.


Error analysis conducted in some prior researches is focused on the students� errors. Meanwhile, teachers� errors as one of the main factors affected students� error have not been identified. The errors can occur in the level of phonology. This research tries to find out the forms of vowels pronunciation errors produced by elementary schools English teachers in Yogyakarta, and to elaborate its causes. The research applies three steps


Physical activity is a health-protective factor that can reduce disease risk in later life. Designing interventions that increase physical activity participation are paramount but need to increase potency and reduce the time to effectiveness. This paper aims to outline one transdisciplinary, team science effort to increase behavioral intervention potency through the integration of the autonomous cognition model whereby data guide each decision in developing a school-based physical activity intervention. Examples of data collected by stage and a summary of potential action steps are provided.


The purpose of this study was to determine the growth response of meat chickens due to the addition of probiotics and digestive enzymes in the fermented diet containing maggot flour and local materials. The research was carried out at Field Laboratory of Animal Science, University of Syiah Kuala-Banda Aceh, Indonesia for 66 days. A total of 100 meat chickens were designed using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments, namely P0 = 100% fermented ration (control), P1 = 0.5% probiotic + 0% digestive enzymes + 100% fermented diet, P2 = 0% probiotic + 0.5% digestive enzymes + 100% fermented diet, P3 = 0.5% probiotic + 1% digestive enzymes + 100% fermented diet, P4 = 1% probiotic + 0.5% digestive enzymes + 100% fermented diet with 4 replications. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis of variance) and significant difference of data was analyzed by Duncan's multiple distance test. The results showed that the addition of probiotics and digestive enzymes with different levels of administration in the fermented diet had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the increase in final body weight and percentage of protein retention. The best results were obtained on chicken fed on fermented diet contained 0, 5% digestive enzymes by increasing on final body weight, protein retention, feed conversion and feed efficiency which were higher than fermented feed containing probiotics. In conclusion, it was well known that digestive enzyme effected synergistically on fermented diet in increasing protein retention resulted a higher final body weight of meat chicken.


Background: p53 tumour suppressor gene limits unchecked cellular growth in response to DNA damage, by causing G1 arrest and the activation of apoptosis. Inhibitors of apoptosis include survivin which acts by inhibition of caspases. Survivin has a significant role as a cell cycle modulator and is only minimally present in mature tissues. Aberrant expression of p53 and survivin has been evaluated in various carcinomas. Thus, the objective of this research was to elucidate the co-expression of p53 and survivin in tissue samples of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs) and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCCs). Method: Thirty tissue samples of OPMDs and 30 tissue samples of OSCCs taken from department archives were used in the study. Expression of p53 and survivin was analyzed in the study groups by the help of immunohistochemistry. Also, co-expression of both the markers was evaluated. Results: The expression of p53 and survivin in the oral epithelium of patients with OSCCs was significantly higher than that in patients with OPMDs (P value ≤0.05). Conclusion: Our results provide insights into the altered survivin and p53 co-expression with significant immunoexpression within the study groups. Therefore, survivin and p53 could be better markers for identifying cell proliferation and apoptotic pathway. Also, malignant transformation rate of OPMD increases with increased expression of these markers.


The influence of pressure in the range 5-10 MPa on the demetallizing ability of A1-Co-Mo catalysts with different porous structures has been investigated under the conditions of hydrorefining of petroleum residues containing 50 mg/kg vanadium and nickel. It has been found that on an industrial catalyst, in which the volume of macropores with radii of >100 nm amounts to 0.09 cm/sup 8//g, the amount of vanadium and nickel deposited decreases with decreasing pressure. In samples with volumes of the macropores of 0.2-0.3 cm/sup 8//g the decrease in pressure reduces the intensity of nickel deposition but has practically no influence on the amount of vanadium removed. A catalyst with a macropore volume of 0.09 cm/sup 3//g shows a lower activity in the demetallization process within the whole range of pressures.


Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the ways in which organisations embedding key performance indicators (KPIs) as part of their organisational activities. Specifically this paper shows the role of cultural change programme in enabling the implementation of KPIs in the context of this study. Design/methodology/approach - – The present study was conducted using ethnographic approach. Consistent with tradition in doing ethnographic studies, observation was the main method employed in this study. Additionally, this study employed interview and document review methods. Findings - – This study concludes that the operation of KPIs in this organisation were made to work through a programme of cultural change. This finding suggests that accounting measurements such as KPIs can be embedded as part of organisational activities through cultural intervention. Practical implications - – This study provides empirical evidence of the actions people do in making performance measurement works in organisations. Originality/value - – This study adds to the limited number of literatures that link culture and performance measurement.


Abstract. A new scheme of droplet nucleation at cloud base is implemented into the Hebrew University Cloud Model (HUCM) with spectral (bin) microphysics. In this scheme, supersaturation maximum S max near cloud base is calculated using theoretical results according to which S max  ∼ w3∕4Nd−1∕2, where w is the vertical velocity at cloud base and Nd is droplet concentration. Microphysical cloud structure obtained in the simulations of a midlatitude hail storm using the new scheme is compared with that obtained in the standard approach, in which droplet nucleation is calculated using supersaturation calculated in grid points. The simulations were performed with different concentrations of cloud condensational nuclei (CCN) and with different shapes of CCN size spectra. It is shown that the new nucleation scheme substantially improves the vertical profile of droplet concentration shifting the concentration maximum to cloud base. It is shown that the effect of the CCN size distribution shape on cloud microphysics is not less important than the effect of the total CCN concentration. It is shown that the smallest CCN with diameters less than about 0.015 µm have a substantial effect on mixed-phase and ice microphysics of deep convective clouds. Such CCN are not measured by standard CCN probes, which hinders understanding of cold microphysical processes.


The dispute between 360 and QQ has become a classic case of the Internet.Economics assumes that all behaviors are the results of individuals' pursuing of maximum profit.In order to protect their own benefits,the two enterprises,Tencent and Qihoo,have sufficient incentives to resort to unfair means under lawlessness and regulation failure of the Internet.But in the eye of an outsider,it may be a better way to settle the conflict of interests through consulting with each other.


Objective To investigate the Furosemide intervention to promote the clearance of urinary radioactivity so as to increase the sensitivity of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT imaging for the tumor of the urogemtal system. Methods PET/CT imaging was performed in 28 patients with tumor of uro genilal system. Furosemide was administrated orally or by intravenous injection 30-60 min after initial PET/CT imaging. Then drunk excess water and asked more micturation, and second regional PET/CT imaging was performed alter holding urination. Compared consecutive PET/CT images, took the diuretic radioactivity level of liver and soft tissue as standard, the clearance of renal and bladder classified as good, moderate and poor. Results The good clearance was obtained in 85.7% of patients. The tumors, which could not be detected clearly by PET/CT befor the administration of Furosemide, were detected clearly after clearance in 8 cases of primary tumor and 8 cases of relapsed cancer. The use of Furosemide was not useful in 2 cases of renal clear cell carcinoma and I ease of renal hamartoma due to absence of uptake of 18F-FDG in the lesions. PET/CT were negative in 9 cases with out relapse before and after clearance. Detection sensitivity of PFT/CT was 88% and was approximate to CT (83% , X2 =0.232, P0.05) , but 38.8% patients upstaged by PET/CT. Conclusions The effect of Furosemide to promote the clearance of urinary radioactivity is quite good. It can eliminate the influence of high level of urinary radioactivity and increase the sen silivity of PET/CT imaging for detection tumor ol the urogenital system. Also, PET/CT may be more useful lor the staging ol urogemtal systern tumor.


This paper treats a practical method to generate assembly strategies applicable to part-mating tasks that are of particular interest. The difficulties in devising reliable assembly strategies results from various forms of uncertainty such as an imperfect knowledge of the parts being assembled and limitations of the devices performing the assembly.Our approach to cope with this problem is to have the robot learn the appropriate control response to measured force vectors, that is, the mapping relation between sensing data and corrective motion of robot, during task execution.In this paper, the mapping is acquired by using a learning algorithm and represented with a binary tree type database. Remarkable features of the proposed method are the use of a priori knowledge and accomplishment of the task with little human trouble.Experiments are carried out by taking acount of practical production facilities. It is shown by experimental results that an ideal mapping is acquired effectively by using the proposed method and the assembly task is carried out smoothly.


Abstract : The modified version of the endochronic of plasticity is applied to the problem of a cylindrical bar subjected to cyclic fully-reversed torsional loading. The governing equations of integral form are derived for pure shear deformation. Analytical techniques are employed in the solution of these equations. A material with appreciable cyclic hardening behavior is studied. The shear stress-strain curve of such a material under a strain-controlled condition is presented for all cycles until a steady loop is reached. The stress distributions in a cylindrical bar at different stages of loading and unloading are calculated. Some numerical results are presented.


Limotettix minuendus Hamilton (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) (Fig. 1) is a globally rare species with only two known localities. It is a member of the apparently plesiomorphic subgenus Dryola, which includes only one other species, L. elegans, found from northern Michigan to southern Texas (Hamilton 1994). Though at the time it was undescribed and lacked a scientific name, L. minuendus was discovered by the late Robert Whitcomb and Michael Coan in 1970 in Prince George's County, MD, at Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC). Over a decade later, two subsequent collections were made by Whitcomb to the north in Baltimore County, MD, both from Soldiers Delight Natural Environment Area (NEA). The BARC population of L. minuendus was extirpated around 1980, and the species is now believed to be extant only at Soldiers Delight NEA. As is typical for most Cicadellidae (Whitcomb, et al., 1986), the narrow distribution of L. minuendus is in stark contrast to its host plant, Eleocharis tenuis Willd., which is widely distributed throughout the state and is considered to be globally secure (NatureServe 2009). Habitat conditions differ considerably between the historic BARC location and Soldiers Delight NEA. The BARC population occurred in a ditch adjacent to an old field characterized by grasses including Awnless brome (Bromus inermis Leyss.), Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.), Weeping lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Ness), Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), Northern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.) and Zoysia grass (Zoysia sp.) (Whitcomb, pers. comm.). All plant nomenclature follows Gleason and Cronquist (1991). The soil type was probably sand or clay (Kirby, et al., 1967) although the precise location of the site remains uncertain. In contrast, Soldiers Delight NEA (700 ha) encompasses a serpentine barrens ecosystem with indigenous oak savanna and grassland communities. Restoration of these communities has been ongoing since 1988 by manual clearing of non-indigenous Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana Mill.) and prescribed burning. Historically, there were two records for L. minuendus from the NEA, both of which were discovered by Robert Whitcomb in the early-mid 1980s. The first was from a streamside clearing, the second from an upland roadside clearing. From 2006 to 2009, we attempted to determine the habitat requirements of L. minuendus so that we could direct future survey efforts to other potential sites in Maryland. With only three reported sites, one of which was destroyed and 352 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS


This report is a revision of the altitude pressure tables of the United States standard atmosphere given in Technical Report No. 246. The altitude range has been extended from 50,000 to 80,000 feet.


The introduction of electricity market demand response competition can restrain market power, optimize resource allocation and realize benign and stable market operation. This paper introduces the basic concept of demand response, summarizes the research status and implementation status of DR worldwide, and classifies the DR in the power market, including the DR classification based on price and incentive. This paper discusses the function of demand response measures, and finally, combining the situation of China's power market reform, puts forward the suggestion and idea of carrying out DR, points out that in the design of China's power market, we should fully learn from the practical experience of foreign countries, planned, step-by-step response to demand, and discusses the further research direction.


Abstract Integrating the employee-adaptive capability and social-learning perspectives, this study examined the mediating process of employees' flexibility through which high-performance work systems (HPWS) and management team flexibility (MTF) were positively associated with employees' service-oriented organizational citizenship behaviors (SOCBs). Data collected from multiple sources at a multinational food-service chain, including 162 restaurant managers, 472 management team members and 474 frontline employees, revealed that HPWS and MTF were positively related to SOCBs via distinct kinds of employees' flexibility. Employees' ability to be flexible could mediate HPWS–service delivery and HPWS–participation linkages. On the other hand, employees' willingness to be flexible could mediate the relationships between MTF and all types of SOCBs. Finally, we discuss the important findings of this study as well as their theoretical and practical implications.


The features of calculating structures for the action of weak earthquakes are analyzed. Earthquakes with a recurrence of 30 years and 50 years are considered. In the first case the structure is to operate normally without damage after the earthquake. In the second case damages are allowed that do not affect the possibility of the structure operation. Three issues are emphasized: setting elastic and damping characteristics of reinforced concrete, formalization of limit states and combinations of loads. The dependence of damping on the reinforcement coefficient is estimated. When evaluating limit states, in addition to calculations for crack resistance and strength, a human factor, i.e. the possibility of panic among people was considered. To avoid it, it is proposed to limit a storey-by-storey speed level in certain octave ranges. Proposals have been developed for estimating the coefficients of combination of various loads with the seismic one. As an example, coefficients of combinations of seismic and ice loads are estimated. It is shown, that for strong actions the combination coefficients for different regions turn out to be close, while for weak actions they may differ.


Abstract It is not too late, but about time to realize how damaging IT overuse can be. The present paper discusses why it is of tremendous importance to study the effect of the Internet, smartphone, and other new digital technologies on individuals' productivity and well-being. Besides its recognized addictive nature, it also becomes clear that such technology inevitably alters our natural social lives, which has, in our opinion, the potential to harm entire societies. In developed countries, we are more or less all using digital devices for communication purposes; we surf the Internet and we download apps on a daily basis. We present two lines of argument as to why the study of technological (over)use and its consequences is of tremendous importance. First, we outline under which circumstances use of smartphones and Internet can make us unproductive. Second, we anchor the (over)use of technologies in an affective neuroscience framework. Both these approaches to describing and understanding the consequences of digital technology use clearly show that many humans are already "overusing" technology. Therefore, we also provide some initial ideas on how to cut down technology use in order to live more satisfying and happier lives. Let us look into each other's eyes and begin to spend more quality time with our loved ones outside in nature instead of staring at digital devices.


The fully distributed location management strategies, as well as their distributed database (DDB)architectures,are quite different from traditional location management strategy and its HLR VLR structure.This paper presents a new methodology for evaluating database load and performance of location updating in different hierarchical DDB architectures,based upon the probability dense function about users′mobility pattern.


Objective To evaluate the status of iodine deficiency disorders(IDD) in Huai'an City in 2011 and to provide a scientific basis for adopting target prevention strategies timely and adjusting the intervention policy scientifically.Methods According to "The National Project of Surveillance on IDD",probability sampling method (PPS) was used to select 30 counties in Huai'an City,and one primary school was selected randomly from each county,then 40 children aged 8 to 10 were randomly selected in each school.Children's thyroids were examined by palpation and the iodine in salt samples collected in their home was tested by direct titration.At the same time,urine samples from 12 children of the 40 selected children were collected and urinary iodine was tested by As(Ⅲ)-Ce4+ catalytic spectrophotometry.Questionnaire survey of IDD was conducted among 30 students of grade 5 and 5 housewives around that school.Results A total of 1200 children aged 8 to 10 were examined,and the goiter rate was 1.3%(15/1200).All the goiters were level Ⅰ.The goiters of each age group was 0.8%(3/390),1.8%(7/390) and 1.3%(5/420),respectively.The 360 urine samples were collected from children aged 8-10,and the median of urinary iodine was 171.5 μg/L with the proportions of < 20 μg/L,< 50 μg/L and < 100 μg/L were 0(0/360),1.1% (4/360) and 5.6% (20/360),respectively.A total of 1200 salt samples were tested in children's family.The coverage rate of iodized salt was 99.4% (1193/1200) and the qualified rate of iodized salt was 97.7% (1165/1193).The consuming rate of qualified iodized salt was 97.1%(1165/1200),and non iodized salt rate was 0.6%(7/1200).The knowledge rates of IDD were 82.7% (2234/2700) and 69.8% (314/450) in 900 students and 150 housewives,respectively.Conclusions In Huai'an City,except the knowledge rate of IDD,the goiter rate and urinary iodine of children aged 8-10,iodized salt consumption maintain at the stage of the target level.In addition to strengthen the monitoring of iodized salt and to supply qualified iodized salt,it should also increase the focus on health education propaganda in the future.

Key words:
Iodine ;  Goiter;  Urine ;  Salts


Prosecutors, our ministers of justice, do not play by the same conflict of interest rules. All other attorneys should not, and cannot, attack their prior work in transactional or litigation matters; nor should other attorneys unquestionably represent clients in matters in which the attorneys themselves face disciplinary, civil, or criminal liability. When prosecutors have likely convicted an innocent person, however, prosecutors are asked to review their own prior work objectively and then to undo it. But they understandably suffer from a conflict between their duty to justice and their duty to themselves — their duty to seek the release of the innocent person and their interest in avoiding embarrassment and liability for themselves and their offices. After this Article shows a variety of ways these conflicts cause problems, the Article demonstrates that these problems can be solved or mitigated by simply restructuring the post-conviction review process.


Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome(NS).Methods:68 cases of NS was divided into two groups and received Chemical therapy and integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment respectively. Results:24-hour urine protein secretion was decreased from (5.72±1.23)g/L to (1.84±1.05)g/L and (5.68±1.25)g/L to (1.32±0.76)g/L respectively(P0.01).Serum albumin was increased from (22.86±6.82) g/L to (34.15±5.45)g/L and (21.34±6.78)g/L to (37.45±5.76)g/L respectively(P0.05).The total effective rate was 56.7% and 78.9% respectively(P0.05). The side effect occurring rate was 83.3 and 18.4% respectively(P0.01).Conclusion:Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine is effective and safe in the treatment of steroid-resistant NS patients.


Introduction . Fruit flies contribute significantly to yield losses experienced by citrus farmers in Nigeria. The majority of farmers have meager resources and limited knowledge of appropriate citrus pest management strategies. The best alternative for them is the application of control methods that are environmentally friendly and affordable. Our work was therefore designed to develop baits from a cheap source for monitoring fruit fly populations and controlling them while minimizing environmental hazards. Materials and methods . Protein bait prepared locally from brewery yeast waste by the process of heat autolysis was compared with the imported protein hydrolysate bait in McPhail traps. These traps were hung on the trees of four sweet orange varieties during the major citrus fruiting seasons of 2003 and 2004. Results . Species of Ceratitis dominated in the fruit fly samples collected. Both the imported and locally made baits caught significantly higher numbers of fruit flies than the non-baited control. There was no significant difference between the populations of fruit flies caught by the two baits during the studies. The decreasing order of varieties according to trapped fruit fly numbers for both the imported and locally made baits were: Washington navel > Parson Brown > Valencia late > Agege-1. The fruit fly numbers observed on Washington navel were significantly higher than those of Agege-1 and Valencia late. Discussion . Our results show the effectiveness of the locally made protein bait in fruit fly monitoring and management. Varietal differences also played a part in determining the extent of fruit fly attacks on sweet oranges.


In recent years some Metasequoia trees in Pizhou have died.Based on the changes of their growing conditions and the comparison between the sick trees and the healthy trees,the causes of death of Metasequoia trees are found out and some rejuvenating measures are put forward.


Background Despite TMS wide adoption, its spatial and temporal patterns of neuronal effects are not well understood. Although progress has been made in predicting induced currents in the brain using realistic finite element models (FEM), there is little consensus on how a magnetic field of a typical TMS coil should be modeled. Empirical validation of such models is limited and subject to several limitations. Methods We evaluate and empirically validate models of a figure-of-eight TMS coil that are commonly used in published modeling studies, of increasing complexity: simple circular coil model; coil with in-plane spiral winding turns; and finally one with stacked spiral winding turns. We will assess the electric fields induced by all 3 coil models in the motor cortex using a computer FEM model. Biot-Savart models of discretized wires were used to approximate the 3 coil models of increasing complexity. We use a tailored MR based phase mapping technique to get a full 3D validation of the incident magnetic field induced in a cylindrical phantom by our TMS coil. FEM based simulations on a meshed 3D brain model consisting of five tissues types were performed, using two orthogonal coil orientations. Results Substantial differences in the induced currents are observed, both theoretically and empirically, between highly idealized coils and coils with correctly modeled spiral winding turns. Thickness of the coil winding turns affect minimally the induced electric field, and it does not influence the predicted activation. Conclusion TMS coil models used in FEM simulations should include in-plane coil geometry in order to make reliable predictions of the incident field. Modeling the in-plane coil geometry is important to correctly simulate the induced electric field and to correctly make reliable predictions of neuronal activation


This research-in-progress paper studies the active and passive usage of mobile instant messaging (MIM) applications. Grounded on two-factor theory and three-factor theory, we propose the features of MIM applications influence the active/passive usage of MIM applications through users' satisfaction and dissatisfaction. The proposed features are categorized into three factors: exciting factors which contain design aesthetics, customization and enjoyment, performance factors which include sociability, convenience and privacy assurance, and basic factors which are application costs and technical functionality. To test hypothetical relationships in this study, we plan to use a survey method. The potential implications to both literature and practice are discussed.


The business of each company is confronted with difficulties, trends, situations, circumstances and events that occur in the business process itself. The critical point of each business is precisely the analysis, because through it, the understanding and importance of all phenomena and situations in the required volume. In research discuss economic performances, the financial position and results of the business operations of five selected construction companies in order to review their real economic position. It focuses on the business of five dominant construction companies from the territory of Republic of Serbia and Republic of Croatia for the period of three business years from December 31, 2014 to December 31, 2016, with focus on enterprice Energoprojekt holding a.d. In addition, the research should determine the impact of the dynamics and complexity of market conditions on the performance of enterprises from construction sector of industry, above all indicators of efficiency, indebtedness, liquidity and profitability.The usefulness, and at the same time, the contribution of the research is reflected in the determination of the similarity and the difference in the way and performance of the business operations of companies from construction sector of industry, which is an important segment of the country's economy, from the territory of two countries – Serbia and Croatia, as well as the presentation of the obtained results, with special focus on Energoprojekt holding a.d. company . The obtained results will be the basis for further research into the material causes of the results of their business.


This paper presents integrated Hidden Markov and Gaussian Mixture Models (HMM-GMM) to classify lung sounds (LS) and heart sounds (HS) characteristics. In order to optimize the models' size, several methodologies encompassing dendrograms, silhouettes and the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) were applied. The experiments were carried out extracting features from the LS and HS with MFCC (Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients) vectors and Quantile vectors, specifically Quartiles. The merged HMM-GMM architecture for the signals using Quartiles, overall offered consistent classification results. In both types of vectors, a high degree of classification efficiency was obtained reaching up to 96% for the studied sets of signals. For MFCC the classification results were not conclusive. An assessment of the number of clusters using dendrograms, silhouettes, and BIC linked with the models' size. Consequently this allows to enhance efficiency of merged HMM-GMM models in diagnostic classification of cardiopulmonary acoustic signals.


Finding motifs in DNA sequences plays an important role in deciphering transcriptional regulatory mechanisms and drug target identification. In this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm, EDAM, for finding motifs based on frequency transformation and Minimum Bounding Rectangle (MBR) techniques. It works in three phases, frequency transformation, MBR-clique searching and motif discovery. In frequency transformation, EDAM divides the sample sequences into a set of substrings by sliding windows, then transforms them to frequency vectors which are stored in MBRs. In MBR-clique searching, based on the frequency distance theorems EDAM searches for MBR-cliques used for motif discovery. In motif discovery, EDAM discovers larger cliques by extending smaller cliques with their neighbors. To accelerate the clique discovery, we propose a range query facility to avoid unnecessary computations for clique extension. The experimental results illustrate that EDAM well solves the running time bottleneck of the motif discovery problem in large DNA database.


(71) Applicant: RAYTHEON COMPANY, Waltham, (57) ABSTRACT MA (US) An apparatus includes multiple oscillators, where each oscil (72) Inventor: James R. Sackett, Tuscon, AZ (US) lator includes an inverter chain. The apparatus also includes s s combinatorial logic configured to generate a random number having one or more bits. The combinatorial logic is config (73) Assignee: Raytheon Company, Waltham, MA ured to generate each bit by combining two or more signals (US) from at least two oscillators that have inverter chains with different prime numbers of inverters. The combinatorial logic maV be configured to generate each bit using signals from a (21) Appl. No.: 13/770,876 Wit. NEN oscillators. The EER logic may also be configured to combine the signals asynchro (22) Filed: Feb. 19, 2013 nously and sample the combined signal synchronously using a synchronous sampling clock, where at least one of the signals is not harmonically related to the sampling clock. Publication Classification Each of at least one of the oscillators may include multiple taps configured to provide multiple signals, and the multiple (51) Int. Cl. signals from one oscillator could have differentasynchronous G06F 7/58 (2006.01) phases relative to the sampling clock.


In this work we begin with a brief survey of set theory and arithmetic to provide background for a logical procedure to 'cleanse' the Axiom of Choice from a proof of a theorem of Kochen's. We accomplish this in the following chapters. We then discuss certain theorems involving definable Skolem functions. These theorems are used in Chapter 5 to give a construction of a p-adic closure of a p-valued field. Certain further considerations and open questions are addressed in the final chapter.


As the US unipolar order is rapidly approaching its twentieth anniversary, scholars of all theoretical stripes struggle to identify dynamics of this particular order and to understand its basic patterns and consequences for foreign policy. For realists, this is a particularly difficult task with potentially lethal implications for one of their most fundamental assumptions about international relations: the assumption that states tend to balance power.


The Achmea case (Court of Justice, judgment of 6 March 2018, case C-284/16) gave the opportunity to the Grand Chamber of the Court of Justice to settle a longstanding controversy: investment arbitration is contrary to the principle of the autonomy of the European Union legal order. The reach of the decision, which was delivered in the context of an intra-EU BIT, goes far beyond the issues of arbitration and treaties concluded between Member States. This Insight explores the basis of the legal reasoning of the decision of the Court – which contributes to the consolidation of the European constitutional identity – and considers its consequences for the future of investment treaties of the European Union and its Member States.


Diaryl ether moiety is found in a pool of naturally occurring and medicinally important compounds.[1] As a consequent, considerable efforts have been devoted to the assembly of this framework.[2] Recently, we have developed a microwave heating version of the synthesis of diaryl ethers as well as aryl sulfides. Under our conditions, even the extremely electron-poor 4-nitrophenol works well and its reaction with 1-halo-4-nitrobenzenes produces 4-(nitrophenoxy)-benzonitriles in satisfactory yield. The scope of the present protocol has been expanded to hydroxylated six-membered heterocycles as well as 2-pyrimidinethiol with mildly activated aryl halides, affording heteroaryl ethers and respectively sulfides. The advantages of the present method include the wide substrate scope, no use of any metal catalysts, the ease of product isolation and high yields.……


A radioactivity reconnaissance of 334 localities in north-central Clear Creek County, Colo., was made during the field seasons of 1951 and 1952. This reconnaissance, made with a portable scintillation counter and a portable survey meter with a 6-inch gamma-beta Geiger tube, disclosed that seven of the localities contain sufficient uranium to warrant some physical exploration. Within the area studied, the localities containing chalcopyrite have the highest grade and highest percent of occurrences of significant abnormal radioactivity. Zones of galena-sphalerite veins have approximately the same rate of occurrence of significant abnormal radioactivity as zones of galena-sphalerite with chalcopyrite. Any locality or zone containing pyritic-type veins without chalcopyrite is considered unlikely to contain a uranium deposit. INTRODUCTION As a part of the U. S. Geological Survey's investigations of the uranium-bearing deposits in the Central City-Idaho Springs region (fig. 1), a radioactivity reconnaissance was carried on in northcentral Clear Creek County in 1951 and 1952. This work was done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. The purpose of the reconnaissance was to determine the distribution and economic importance of the radioactive occurrences in the region. Three hundred and thirty-four localities mine dumps and accessible underground workings were examined with a portable scintillation counter and a portable survey meter with a 6-inch gamma-beta Geiger tube. The methods of the reconnaissance are briefly described, because they might be of use in similar, future studies. The radioactivity data of this report were collected largely "by Wells; Harrison is responsible for most of the information on the Freeland-Lamartine area (Harrison and Wells, manuscript in preparation). F. B. Moore of the Geological Survey collected some of the data on the Fall River area, in the northern part of the area covered by this survey. Radioactivity data from the northeastern part of the Fall River area, published by the Atomic Energy Commission (Smith and Baker, 1951, p. 5-10), has been incorporated in this report. As classified by Bastin and Hill (1917, p. 105), the veins in the area covered by this report are of three general types: (1) pyritic, containing predominantly quartz and pyrite, with lesser amounts of chalcopyrite; (2) galena-sphalerite, consisting principally of galena, sphalerite, pyrite, and quartz, with subordinate amounts of chalcopyrite; and (3) composite, consisting of veins of type 1 that are crosscut by stringers of type 2. Radioactive minerals are most commonly associated with veins of types 2 and 3. BACKGROUND RADIOACTIVITY Background, as defined by Korff (1946, p. 23-24), is the instrument reading at a particular time and place caused by internal contamination of the counter, cosmic radiation, and the natural radioactivity of the surroundings. In precise laboratory determinations of radioactivity, the effects of these three factors are carefully determined. In the field, however, these factors can only be roughly accounted for. A field survey for radioactivity is concerned primarily with the measurement and interpretation of variations in the natural radioactivity of the surroundings; for this purpose, internal contamination of the instruments is negligible and can be ignored. However, the variation in cosmic radiation from day to day and with changes in altitude must be reckoned with. In addition, in northcentral Clear Creek County, the variation in the natural radioactivity of the rocks must be considered. The natural radioactivity of the rocks in northcentral Clear Creek County varies widely between preCambrian schistose rocks, mafic rocks, granite gneisses, and Boulder Creek granite, which are low in radioactivity, and the pre-Cambrian Silver Plume granite 1 and the Tertiary intrusive rocks, which are relatively high. The natural radioactivity of most of the veins is low. Certain veins, even though they contain radioactive minerals, have a lower average radioactivity then the Tertiary intrusive rocks and the Silver Plume granite. In order to distinguish the radioactivity that is average for the Tertiary dikes and Silver Plume granite from the radioactivity that is higher than average for the veins, a low background was chosen and the radioactivity readings separated on the basis of source material. Radioactivity from both sources was higher than background, but only the readings from veins were considered abnormal. The term "background radioactivity," as used in this report, is the average radiation recorded 1 From the analyses of many samples, Phair (1952) found that the Tertiary intrusive rocks have an equivalent uranium content ranging from 0.002 to 0.024, but generally this content is less than 0.020 percent. A sample of Silver Plume granite, considered representative, contained 0.006 percent equivalent uranium. at a given place and time over material known to be low in natural radioactivity. "Abnormal radioactivity" is defined for this report as the radioactivity caused by a concentration of radioactive material in veins. The anomaly recorded from the highly radioactive country rocks will not be discussed further in this report. INSTRUMENTS A portable scintillation detector and a portable survey meter with a 6-inch gamma-beta Geiger tube were used for the reconnaissance. Although both of these instruments measure radioactivity, the characteristics of each instrument are such that one supplements the other. The portable scintillation detector measures gamma radiation only. Gamma radiation is more penetrating than beta radiation and can be detected through greater thicknesses of rock and at greater distances from the source than beta radiation. In addition, a scintillation counter has a much higher efficiency for the detection of gamma radiation than does a Geiger counter (Brownell, 1950, p. 167).. A scintillation detector is well adapted for field use when the purpose is to detect changes in the amount of gamma radiation dependent upon quantity or bulk of radioactive -material regardless of grade, and was used in this reconnaissance to locate areas of abnormal radioactivity. The survey meter, on the other hand, is sensitive to a small source area and was used in this reconnaissance to isolate the specific mineral or material causing abnormal radioactivity. Although both instruments will detect the presence of radon in a mine, they give little indication of its quantity. In the presence of radon, both instruments will show a gradual increase in amount of radiation recorded, even though the instruments are kept stationary. Even after the instruments are brought out of the mine, higher-than-normal readings will continue for some time. METHOD OF RECONNAISSANCE Radioactivity surveys were made on the surface and underground. The general procedure was to determine the background for the instruments, traverse the area, record any abnormal radioactivity, and sample areas that showed more than twice background on the rate meter. Surface reconnaissance The first procedure of surface reconnaissance was to determine the local background for the instruments. At the time of the examination, in order to eliminate variations in cosmic radiation, the background for the scintillation counter was determined within a few hundred feet of the area. The background for a rate meter with a gammabeta probe was determined by holding the probe several feet in the air to eliminate the effect of the rock material. The background was found to be constant at different places and times for the rate meter but variable for the scintillation counter. The area or dump to be examined was then traversed, using the scintillation counter. Traverses were made about 6 feet apart, holding the counter a few inches from the ground to obtain readings from a maximum depth. The traverses were made slowly to allow the instrument time to make an average radioactivity count of the material being traversed. Abnormal radioactivity that was more than twice background on the rate meter was considered significant, and the radioactive material was sampled. Abnormal radioactivity that was less than twice background on either instrument is reported in this paper, but the material causing the radioactivity was not sampled. Laboratory determinations of uranium and equivalent uranium were made for all samples that were collected. Underground reconnaissance A procedure similar to that for surface reconnaissance was followed for underground reconnaissance. Generally, the background is slightly higher underground than at the surface because of the proximity of a greater surface of the radioactive rock. The background was established underground by recording the instrument reading at least 50 feet from the portal or shaft. Traverses were made by carrying the instrument at waist height. The scintillation counter repeatedly recorded anomalies from small areas and thin fractures, samples from which commonly assayed as low as 0.006 percent equivalent uranium. Traversing of mines that contain radon is impractical because the instrument becomes contaminated. Henry Faul (oral communication), of the Geological Survey has eliminated some of this contamination by placing the probe of the instrument in a plastic or rubber bag before entering a mine containing the gas. RADIOACTIVITY OF DUMP MATERIAL The assumption is made that the radioactive materials associated with Tertiary veins are in equilibrium. However, results from more than 40 chemical assays show that most of the samples, particularly those collected from dumps, contain less uranium (U) than the radioactivity measurements (eU) of these samples indicates (table, p. 5). Phair and Levlne (1952, p. 14) have shown that this disequilibrium can be caused by acid solutions that leach uranium and leave a concentration of less soluble radioactive disintegration products of uranium.


The authors model the coevolution dynamics of information diffusion, resource allocation and epidemic spreading, and show that the information diffusion may worsen the epidemic spreading subject to allocations of limited resources.


This research was conducted to evaluate the status praesens of female bali cattle during oestrous cycle. Status praesens that examined were the frequency of heartbeat, respiratory frequency and body temperature. The average of heartbeat frequency was 74.38 ± 1.78 times/min, respiration frequency was 26.94 ± 1.86 times/ min and body temperature was 38.01 ± 0.35 C. The highest status praesens achieved at estrous phase then decreased until diestrous phase and then increased at the end of diestrous phase. In Conclusion, the status praesens of female bali cattle is likely fluctuated during estrous cycle. INTRODUCTION Bali cattle is a native germplasm of Bali defined as one of seeds sources of bali cattle by the Indonesian government. Bali cattle have advantages in terms of adaptibility to the environment and reproduction capability, therefore its suitable for Indonesia to be developed (Kadarsih, 2004). Bali cattle also have socio-cultural function in Bali and elsewhere in Indonesia (Dwatmadji et al., 2004). Status praesens is current physiological conditions (heartbeat frequency, pulse frequency, respiratory frequency, body temperature) or normal general conditions of an animal. The value of status praesens is a vital symtom that should be examined when performing health monitoring or diagnosis of diseases (Radostits et al., 2004). In common, the value of status praesens that is used on bali cattle for the purpose of diagnosis enforcement of a disease or other purposes, including research, refers to other races of cattle that been published scientifically. However, the references are not necessarily the normal value range status of bali cattle. Research that concerns on normal status praesens value in female bali cattle during estrous cycle (proestrous, estrous, metestrous and diestrous) has not been done yet. Some researchers only evaluated clinical research of the bali cattle's blood profile (Hartaningsih et al., 1983; Utama and Wirat, 1985; Kendran et al., 2012). Reproductive hormones, such as: estrogen and progesterone, play a role in determining the estrous cycle in female cattle. These hormonal changes affect the status praesens (Payne and Wilson 1999). This study was conducted to evaluate status praesens value of female bali cattle during the estrous cycle. Research Method Observation of general condition. General conditions, including: posture, behavior, physical condition, was observed to ensure the bali cattle used as samples were in clinically healthy condition. Status Praesens Examination. Status praesens on heartbeat frequency, pulse frequency, respiratory frequency and body temperature were examined in this study. Heartbeat frequency. Heartbeat frequency was counted by listening heartbeat using stethoscope on the chest area. The examination was done for one minute to calculate heartbeat frequency per minute. Pulse frequency. Pulse frequency was determined by palpating coccygeal arteria (arteria at the ventral area of tail). Pulses of the arteria were counted for a minute to determine pulse frequency per minute. Respiration frequency. Determination of respiratory frequency were determined by putting the back hand of evaluator in front of the cattle nostrils to feel the breath of the cattle for a minute and counted the number of its breath. Examination of the breath frequency was done only when the cattle were relaxed. Body temperature. Body temperature was determined using a digital rectal thermometer. Temperature measurement was stopped after a digital thermometer showed signal as a sign of the maximum body temperature of the cattle. Results and Discussion The observation started at estrous period, and it was designated as day 0. Then it conducted over 21 days while pro-estrous. Observation was done every 3 days at ambient temperature + 27 0C. The results of status praesens observation in female bali cattle during estrous cycle presented on table 1. The value of status praesens was at highest level in the estrous phase (day 0), then it slightly decreased before it steadily increased at the end of diestrous phase. Bali cattle became very active when they were in estrous phase due to increased level of estrogen secretion in their bodies. In active condition, more oxygen supply was needed in the body, resulting an increase of heartbeat, pulse frequency (Webster and Wilson, 1980), respiratory frequency and body temperature (Mullick et al., 2002). Pulse frequency and heartbeat frequency in bali cattle during estrous cycle had a similar pattern (fig. 1). Pulse


Michael Chabon's third novel (2000) reimagines the origin of comic books and the superhero genre they inaugurated. In 1939, with Superman fresh on the newsstands, two Jewish teenage cousins create their own heroes. Sam Clay, the writer, is a Brooklyn boy with a knack for characters and scenarios; Joseph Kavalier, the artist, has a more dramatic history. He has arrived from Prague in flight from the Nazis, and dedicates his new life in New York to the attempt to save the family he left behind. Joe Kavalier brings to the book a Central European baggage heavier than its American scene: Kafka's Prague (signalled in his name), the Jewish tradition of the Golem (an inspiration for new superheroes), musty traditions of stage magic and escapology. Joe has trained as an escape artist, which inspires the boys' primary creation: The Escapist, a superhero with Houdini-like powers. Their other new heroes – Radio Wave, The Swift, Snowman, Luna Moth – are initially vividly imagined by Chabon, but are rather forgotten as the book progresses. The Escapist is the key franchise: once the comic strip is sold to Manhattan businessmen, the character also spawns a radio serial and other merchandise. The character concretizes the novel's themes of escape; his adventures are also intended as anti-Nazi propaganda, as Joe wishes to hasten America's entry into the war.


They presently saw a town before them, and the name of the town is Vanity; and at the town there is a fair kept called VanityFair... . The way to the Celestial City is through this town... . Now, I saw that there stood... a chariot and a couple of horses, waiting for Faithful, who... was taken up into it, and straightway carried up through the clouds, with sound of trumpet, the nearest way to the Celestial Gate.


Part 1: The Evolving Content of the Greek Nation Part 2: Greek Foreign Policy - Debates and Priorities 1. Couloumbis Greece in a Changing Strategic Setting 2. The United States and Greece in the 20th Century 3. The Cyprus Question - International Politics and the Failure of Peacemaking 4. Greece and The Balkans in the 20th Century Part 3: The Political Scene - Consolidating Democracy 5. The Greek Media Landscape 6. Science, Technology and the Environment 7. Greek Education in the 20th Century - A Long Process Towards a Democratic European Society 8. The Salience of the Greek Language in the European Union Melting Pot 9. The Legal Parameters of Church and State Relations in Greece Part 4: The Economy - Growth Without Equity 10. The Changing Role of Women in Greece 11. The Greek-American Coimmunity - Past Achievements and Future Opportunities Part 5: Greek-Turkish Relations - A New Era? 12. The Future of Greece in the European Union


A finite element model has been developed for estimating the acoustic sensitivity of a planar fiber optic hydrophone. The sensor consists of a single‐mode fiber surrounded by a thin layer of silicon and a hytrel jacket. This strand is coiled and embedded in an elastomer layer. The model will allow use of nonisotropic materials also; these materials are less suitable for analytical modeling. The finite element model uses linear solid elements and uses symmetry about two or three planes, depending on the configuration. Because the sensor is designed for low‐frequency measurements, hydrostatic pressure loading is used. Sensitivity is calculated using the strain on the fiber. The results are compared to closed form solutions for cylindrical configurations and to experimental results. They show that for most practical purposes, sensitivity is mostly controlled by the volume of the elastomer surrounding the fiber.


The finite element solution of problems involving three-dimensional acoustic waves in an infinite wave guide, and in the infinite medium around a structure is considered. Such problems are typical in structural acoustics, and this paper concentrates on the efficient numerical treatment of the infinite acoustic medium away from the structure. The unbounded domain is truncated by means of an artificial boundary ℬ. On ℬ, non-reflecting boundary conditions are used; these are either nonlocal Dirichlet-to-Neumann conditions, or their localized counterparts. For the high-order localized conditions, special three-dimensional finite elements are constructed for use in the layer adjacent to ℬ. The performance of the nonlocal and localized boundary conditions is compared via numerical experiments involving a three-dimensional wave guide.


Ruling schools by law has become a logical option.To achieve this objective,we should improve the system of educational laws and regulations step by step,pushing ahead with the improvement of basic legal systems of education,heighten educational administrative departments' level of exercising functions according to law,firmly fostering the concept of ruling schools by law,and work out school regulations according to law,developing a scientific and perfect system of institutions of ruling schools by law.


Introduction Vulvar cancer is a rare disease and no systematic screening is available. Therefore, detection of vulvar cancer precursors relies on the presence of vulvar symptoms or the accuracy and the knowledge of the healthcare provider inspecting the vulva. In the recent past, vulvar cancer precursor lesions have been grouped under the term vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN). VIN is diagnosed by multiple different healthcare providers, including dermatologists, gynecologists, general practitioners, and colposcopists, as well as those providing care in sexually transmitted disease clinics. Such heterogeneity of medical branches involved in VIN management probably reflects the difficulties in exchanging clinical experiences and the lack of a uniform approach to the disease. However, the interdisciplinary work has allowed a deeper understanding of the biology, pathology, and clinical features of vulvar cancer precursors so that, even managed by a variety of healthcare providers from different specialties, today patients affected by VIN are offered comparable therapies. In this chapter, the relevant aspects of diagnosis and treatment are summarized.


This article describes that village is understood as a form of comunal housing, and there is a public space. It is needed the public intervension in keeping and developing the existence of public space in villages in Indonesia. The forms of intervension is suggested. But, it is important to note that the public space in villages in Indonesia can be developed by management process based on the village communities. The public space and social capital are interrelated each other- the public space prepares to support social capital, and the existence of public space needs one grade of certain social capital.


Methods for constructing standard Winner Process can have a very important influence on estimation result of Monte Carlo simulation in the course of pricing financial derivative securities. This paper makes a brief analysis for existing constructing methods such as traditional standard Winner Process and Brownian-Bridge. Then, basing on fundamental idea of principal component analysis, we carry a deep research and exploration for principal component constructing method, which may be used to reduce effective dimensions of solved problem, and its application in pricing high-dimension derivative securities. Lastly, this paper gives an effective way to improve simulation result of Monte Carlo methods in pricing high-dimension derivative securities.


The Fano-Anderson chain consists of a linear lattice with a discrete side-unit, and exhibits Fano-resonant scattering due to coupling between the discrete states of the side-unit with the tight-binding continuum. We study Fano-resonance-assisted transport for the case of a topologically non-trivial side unit. We find that the topology of the side unit influences the transmission characteristics which thus can be an effective detection tool of the topological phases of the side unit. Furthermore, we explore the role of dual links between the linear tight-binding chain and the side unit. The secondary connection between the main chain and the side unit can modify the position or width of the Fano resonance dip in the transmission probability, and thus yield additional control.


ABSTRACT:There wes wery significant difference in the result determined NH+4 - N between two sizer ofCorway Continers. The Conger the diameter,the higher the result.


To manage engineering services effectively for a particular project, project managers need to have a comprehensive method for establishing and assessing scope, schedule, and budget. The Engineering Department of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey has developed a number of forms, called task cards, that not only help project managers keep track of such information, but also help them communicate it to clients and other project team members. Created in a spreadsheet format, the cards can be created and updated easily as changes occur. Various task cards can be rolled up into a "summary project task card," which defines the deliverables for the overall project, including the associated budgets, schedules, and significant milestones for each of the design and construction stages. Because they contain schedules for the entire project at hand, the summary cards provide a graphic representation of the time frames required to complete each task. The task cards also enable the project manager to develop an overall engineering budget for each project stage. The key advantage of task cards is integration. Every aspect of a project can be identified, measured, tracked, compared, and communicated within a single system. By pulling all of the variables of a project together in a compatible format, project managers can define scope, schedule, and budget more clearly. Sample task cards are included.


Laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) provides noninvasive absolute measurements of the maximum (centerline) velocity, Vmax, of red blood cells (RBCs) moving in individual retinal vessels1.


72 The study was designed to compare parenting stress between Mothers with autistic children and the normal groups. The research is a causal-comparing study and the statistical universe was all mothers of 5 to 12 years old sons with autism who referred to child psychiatry clinics (I bn-e-Sina and Dr Sheikh Hospitals) and all Mothers of normal son (5 to 12 years old) were selected in primary and pre-primary school at 4th educational area of Mashhad city, north-eastern part of Iran. Fifty mothers with autism children by at reached sampling and 80 Mothers with normal children were selected by cluster sampling. Parenting Stress Index (PSI) was used and data analyzed by descriptive and analytic statistical methods such as T-test in independent groups. Results showed that there was a significant difference between parenting stress (parent realm) and its branches in mothers of autism children and mother of normal children. There was a significant difference between parenting stress (child's realm) and its branches in Mothers of autism children and mother of normal children and difference between parenting stress(parent-child's realm) and its branches in mothers of autism children and mothers of normal children was significant too. Mothers with autism children had more stress compared with mothers of normal children which it is realized by parenting stress index. Keywords: parenting stress, autism, parent. Normal 0 21 false false false TR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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We report a 0.8-5.0 ns-width, 0.1-2 MHz-rate Nd-MOPA laser passively Q-switched with a semiconductor saturable Bragg reflector producing 7.5 W of average power at 532 nm in a diffraction limited beam.


Companies today are struggling to grow and increase their profits margins. On many occasion the corporate are not able to perform economically due to tough competition and versatile environment. During last decade, lots of companies across the sectors have tried to create competitive advantage by becoming more environmentally responsible. Nowadays, some companies try to green everything from their ground level manufacturing to their top management. Green marketing is used today by companies as it deals with all the activities designed to generate and facilitate any exchanges intended to satisfy human needs and wants, with minimal effect on the natural environment (Polonsky, 1994). There are different approaches to green marketing where some companies are more environmentally responsible than others because they employ different type of eco-friendly processes like green IT (information Technolgy), green marketing, green supply chain management (SCM) and so on. The purpose of the study is to identify the importance given to physical products in the automobile sector than other marketing mix elements, to know the relative strength of product related GMMS (Green marketing Mix Strategies) against other GMMS and to ascertain the relative strength of other (Price, Promotion and Place) GMMS. The respondents for the study are the marketing/sales managers and executives of two wheeler and four wheelers manufacturing companies existing in India. 15 marketing professional each from both two wheelers and four wheelers manufacturing companies have responded to the questionnaire. It was found that product related GMMS played an important role than other GMMS, specifically with regard to place and price related GMMS. Product and promotion related GMMS were not to be statistically significant. Various statements emphasizing product related GMMS were also found to be statistically significant. It indicates that product related GMMS play very vital role in marketing of durable goods especially in the case of automobile sector.


Although many guidelines for treatment of OA are released for hip and knee OA together, they emphasize that their recommendation mainly are based on research in knee OA because evidence for specifically hip OA is scarce. For the same reason other OA guidelines decided to separate their recommendations for treatment for hip and knee OA. For hip OA there only is evidence for symptomatic effectiveness of exercise, and of oral NSAIDs, while for other usual treatments the evidence is limited or absent based the number of studies. In addition to some differences in treatment effects between hip OA and knee OA, the difference in risk factors and OA phenotypes will be discussed during this session, as well as some diagnostic difficulties in hip OA. Disclosure of Interest None declared


Postharvest losses are of great concern in vegetable crops, including tomato, due to their perishable nature. Damage to tomato fruit during transportation is related to its shape besides other factors. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess genetic diversity in the available tomato germplasm (35 genotypes) for fruit morphology, biochemical composition and yield. Considerable variation was observed for all studied traits except number of locules per fruit, TSS and reducing sugars, for which very low range was recorded. While, moderate level of variation existed for stem-end blockiness, blossom-end blockiness and elongated shape which suggested that fruit of most of the varieties could belong to more than one category of fruit shape. Fruit length and diameter had significantly positive correlation with heart shape of tomato, while later was also correlated with blossom-end-blockiness. Heart shape of tomato fruit was also correlated with stem-end blockiness. Yield showed significantly positive correlation with number of inflorescence per plant. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed PC-I to PC-VI had Eigen values >1, which contributed 73.86% of total variability for different traits. The highest factor loading values for blossom-end-blockiness, stem-end-blockiness, heart shape and elongated shape was recorded in PC-6, PC-4, PC-6 and PC-2, respectively. Thirty five genotypes were grouped into three clusters. Higher yield and stemend-blockiness was observed in genotypes from cluster II, while higher values for blossom-end-blockiness, heart shape and elongated shape were noticed in cluster I followed by cluster III. So, it can be assumed that genotypes in cluster II showed higher yield and also possessed blocky fruit, a desirable character for transportation and processing purpose. Moreover, it is suggested that genotypes of cluster I and cluster II can be crossed to find heterosis for yield and fruit shape related traits.