Abstract : The multi-backend database system (MBDS) is a database system of two or more processors and their dedicated disk subsystems. One of the processor serves as a controller. The rest of the processors and their disks serves as backends to provide the primary and parallel database operations. User access to the MBDS is accomplished either via a host computer which in turn communicates with the controller, or with the MBDS controller directly. The thesis is aimed to examine the portability of MBDS. By downloading the MBDS software form the configuration of VAX and PDP hardware and VMS and RSX operating systems to the configuration of the 32-bit microprocessor-based ISI hardware and UNIX operating system, we hope to determine the necessary amount of hardware-and-operating-system-dependent modifications and resinstrumentations in order to make the downloading successful. The ultimate goal of the thesis is to recommend to the future database-system designer the way to minimize the amount of configuration-dependent software and to strive for a truly and highly portable system to be used on various configurations. This thesis has identified three major portability issues and provided solutions to them. They are the multiple-record template support, the interprocess communication via broadcasting, and the disk I/O for the real-time access.


All round development and growth of economy of India have been made through exponential growth of science and technology in our country. India has opted and adopted for mix of indigenous and imported technology. The term "technology transfer" referred to as the purchase and transfer of technology. This work focuses mainly on areas of science and technology as tool for sustainable development and building research agenda in Indian scenario. Sustainable Innovations through science and technology transfer mainly are the drivers of growth of our country. Sustainable development offers an organizing framework based on opportunities of innovations. Better design and new technology provides means of work smarter and more sustainably provided this technology should create minimum of uncertainties over consequences and scope of applications. The process of innovation takes place within increasingly networked economies with changing social values and environmental pressure. Within developing nations in particular contribution of technology and innovations related to sustainable development comes largely through business-to-business transactions. Here author's, mainly, are focusing on approaches of sustainable development to improve performance across social, environmental and economic pillars of sustainable development and incorporating these tools within routine business processes. Role of Drivers of sustainable development i.e. science, technology and innovations will be discuss as paramount requirement of development. Key words: Innovations, Research Agenda, Sustainable Development, Technology, Technology Transfer


SUMMARY Firemen have been considered at occupational risk of hepatitis (HBV) infection, but proof is lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the degree of risk by determining the prevalence of serological markers of past infection with HBV in members of the West Yorkshire Fire Service. Sera from 173 firemen, 9·3% of the brigade, were tested for antibodies to HBV surface antigen and to core antigen. Those containing anti-HBs≥10 IU/L or anti-core antibody, were also tested for antibody to HBe antigen. The presence of more than one marker was used to define past infection. One sample satisfied this criterion, giving a prevalence rate of 0·6%. This compares with a rate of 1% in London blood donors. We conclude that the group shows no evidence of having been at increased risk of HBV infection. A comprehensive vaccination policy for firemen might be questionable


Joining processes in general and beam welding processes in particular, are a highly important part of the value-added chain. They are directly dependent on upstream production (procured material, deviations from the nominal geometry) and have a direct influence on downstream processes (cleaning, surface properties of the joining points). The components are often delivered to the machine without (documented) knowledge of the actual state of the machine, and often it can be seen only then whether the parts delivered from the worldwide network meet the requirements of the locally available plant technology and can thus be joined faultlessly.The actual state is of decisive importance for many joining processes, as a joint can be created by adapting the process parameters despite different preparation of good parts. However, it is still unclear which data are all of relevance for quality-compliant joining. Furthermore, today's joining processes are generally not "adaptive". An optimization of process parameters due to deviations in the preceding process steps only takes place via the know-how of the responsible plant operators.The general goal of this project is therefore to develop a networked (internet-based), location-independent, self-learning system for process control for beam welding processes on the basis of a digital shadow. First of all, the process knowledge must be made available in digitized form (information technology, data processing) to allow sufficient speed for process control. Furthermore, correlations must be established between process information (here: beam welding) and process results or process behaviour (sensor technology, engineering technology).


In the 19th century, Glasgow had the distinction of being the most slum-ridden city in Britain. In the 1940s and 1950s, the city constructed massive areas of low-rise tenements on housing estates located at the four corners of its periphery. In the 1960s and 1970s the city pursued a high-rise-flats strategy based on modernist design principles. Glasgow's council housing experienced social and physical decline beginning in the mid-1970s. By the early 2000s, some of the city's most infamous housing estates were being demolished—including Red Road and Queen Elizabeth Square. Much of the writing about public housing on both sides of the Atlantic assumed that it was modernist design principles that were responsible for tower block degeneration. Glasgow: High-Rise Homes, Estates, and Communities in the Post-War Period succeeds in debunking the design failure paradigm. Abrams, Kearns, Hazley, and Wright argue that this paradigm is overly simplistic; the trajectory of high-rise estates was more complex and management failures and residualization (i.e., changes in the characteristics of council housing clients) played more important roles in accounting for the decline. Abrams and her colleagues take a unique long-term perspective, one that focuses on residents' stories while living on the estates in the 1960s and their retrospective views as of 2015.


For conventional sampling of sound-fields, the measurement in space by use of stationary microphones is impractical for high audio frequencies. Satisfying the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem requires a huge number of sampling points and entails other difficulties, such as the need for exact calibration and spatial positioning of a large number of microphones. Dynamic sound-field measurements involving tracked microphones may weaken this spatial sampling problem. However, for aliasing-free reconstruction, there is still the need of sampling a huge number of unknown sound-field variables. Thus in real-world applications, the trajectories may be expected to lead to underdetermined sampling problems. In this paper, we present a compressed sensing framework that allows for stable and robust sub-Nyquist sampling of sound fields by use of moving microphones.


Based on principal components analysis,partial correlation and regression approaches using SPSS(Statistics Package for Social Science),this essay analyses the processes of urban expansion and quantifies its relationship with economics development and population growth from 1990 to 2002 in Fujian Province.The results show that the total urban land areas are linearly increased from 1990,and highly related to the growth of GDP,urban population and land requirement for the improvement of urban environment.During the last 13 years,the land areas of urban built-up area annually go up in the speed of about 24.83 km~2.Development of economics can better explain the expansion of urban land use than urban population through partial correlation.The economy development is the most important driving factor on the urban land expansion;it can not only directly drive the expansion of urban land use,but also indirectly affect it through urban population growth and urban environment changing.


We prove a local version of weighted Caccioppoli-type inequality, then we prove a version of weighted Poincaré-type inequality for A-harmonic tensors both locally and globally.


In conventional terrestrial cellular networks, mobile terminals (MTs) at the cell edge often pose a performance bottleneck due to their long distances from the serving ground base station (GBS), especially in the hotspot period when the GBS is heavily loaded. This paper proposes a new hybrid network architecture that leverages use of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) as an aerial mobile base station, which flies cyclically along the cell edge to offload data traffic for cell-edge MTs. We aim to maximize the minimum throughput of all MTs by jointly optimizing the UAV's trajectory, bandwidth allocation, and user partitioning. We first consider orthogonal spectrum sharing between the UAV and GBS, and then extend to spectrum reuse where the total bandwidth is shared by both the GBS and UAV with their mutual interference effectively avoided. Numerical results show that the proposed hybrid network with optimized spectrum sharing and cyclical multiple access design significantly improves the spatial throughput over the conventional GBS-only network; while the spectrum reuse scheme provides further throughput gains at the cost of slightly higher complexity for interference control. Moreover, compared with the conventional small-cell offloading scheme, the proposed UAV offloading scheme is shown to outperform in terms of throughput, besides saving the infrastructure cost.


S25-S29. 15. Kaye LW: Constructing a new millennium service profile of the older male. Geriatric Care Management Journal. 2000; 10: 2-5. 16. Parsons K: The male experience of caregiving for a family member with Alzheimer's disease. Qualitative Health Research. 1997; 7(3): 391-407. 17. Kaye LW, Applegate JS: Family support groups for male caregivers: Benefits for participation. Journal of Gerontological Social Work. 1993; 20 (3/4), 167-185. 18. Cummings SM. Long JK, Peterson-Hazan S, and Harrison J: The efficacy of a group treatment model in helping spouses meet the emotional and practical challenges of early stage caregiving. Clinical Gerontologist. 1998; 20(1): 29-45. 19. Moseley PW, Davies HD, Priddy JM: Support groups for male caregivers of Alzheimer's patients: A follow-up. Clinical Gerontologist. 1988; 7(3/4): 127-136.


We report in this paper the epitaxial growth of PbS shells over PbSe nanocrystal quantum dots (NQDs) with monolayer-precision. The core-shell infrared NQDs were ligand-exchanged with short-chain octadmine, and the photoluminescence efficiency of the surface-engineered core-shell nanoparticles was substantially higher than that of the plain core structures undergoing the same surface processing, which reveals less ligand-dependence and enhanced chemical robustness in the core-shell NQDs. The reported results could potentially open up the possibility of incorporating semiconductor infrared NQDs in the silicon matrix to develop all-inorganic light emitting heterojunctions on silicon substrates.


Objective To study the mutation of papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E6 gene, and to compare with the result of other researchers. Methods DNA was extracted from cervical cancer tissue sam-pies, then HPV16 E6 genes were amplified and sequenced using the HPV16 E6 specific primers from cervi-cal cancer DNA samples. Results HPV16 E6 gene mutations at the position of nt178 were found in 18 case from 35 cervical cancer samples, the mutation rate was 51.43%, resulting in nucleotide change of Asp to Glu. E6 mutations are found at the position of nt442 in 4 cervical samples. E6 mutation was found in 1 to 2 case in other nucleotide. Conclusion High frequency mutations of E6 gene of HPV16 at the position of nt178, nt442 have been found in cervical cancer samples in Hubei, China. The role of E6 gene mutation in cervical cancer development should be studied further.

Key words:
Cervix cancer;  Human papillomavirns type 16;  Sequence analysis;  Mutation


Simple Summary Due to the rapid environmental changes in the Seocheon Tidal Flat, South Korea, important staging and wintering sites of the vulnerable Far East Russin population of Swan Goose are threatened. To provide practical information for establishing protection strategies based on Swan Goose behavioral characteristics, we estimated core home range and habitat use patterns over time at the Seocheon Tidal Flat during wintering. Based on the GPS tracking data, the core home range and habitat use characteristics of the Swan Goose differed significantly between daytime and nighttime (Day: 59.9 km2, Night: 40.3 km2, on average, 100% MCP). In addition, our data indicated that Swan Goose has two important overnight resting areas in the Seocheon Tidal Flat, South Korea, namely the Janggu Bay and sand dune areas in Yubu Island. Abstract The Seocheon Tidal Flat is an important staging and wintering site for the Far East Russian population of Swan Goose (Anser cygnoides) in the East Asian–Australasian Flyway. However, rapid environmental changes for tourism in this area can threaten the survival of this vulnerable population by hindering sufficient rest and wintering; therefore, establishing protection strategies based on Swan Goose behavioral characteristics is necessary. Here, we estimated Swan Goose core home ranges and habitat use based on GPS tracking data collected at the Seocheon Tidal Flat in South Korea from 2017–2018. The home range of Swan Geese was estimated to be an area from Yubu Island in the south to Janggu Bay in the north; however, the core home range and habitat use characteristics differed significantly between daytime and nighttime (Day: 59.9 km2, Night: 40.3 km2, on average, 100% MCP). During the day (08:00–18:00), Swan Geese mostly spent time resting or feeding on tidal flats, especially those around tidal channels or paddy fields near Janggu Bay, whereas they mostly rested on sand dunes near Yubu Island along with the mudflats at Janggu Bay at night. Our results provide practical information on the habitat use of wintering Swan Geese population over time and indicate that Yubu Island is an important resting place. Hence, these results can contribute to evaluating threats to Swan Geese and establishing management and protection strategies for the Seocheon Tidal Flat, a major wintering site for the Far East Russian population of Swan Geese.


An experimental study of the solidification process for the continuous cast of a binary NH4CI-H2O solution with varying inlet temperature and composition has been performed. Thermal and solutal density gradients have been found to strongly affect flow in the liquid region and are mainly responsible for the redistribution of species on the macroscopic scale. Flow visualizations have shown that dense solute-rich solution, rejected from the mushy zone, was redistributed into the upper regions of the liquid melt during cases of hypoeutectic initial concentrations. Localized remelting and shearing of columnar dendritic growth for the hypoeutectic cases and the redistribution and melting of equiaxed dendritic growth for the hypereutectic cases have also been found to strongly depend on the solution inlet temperature. It was established that the extent of equiaxed free solid that accumulated in the lower region of the liquid melt for the hypereutectic cases was dependent on the initial solution composition. Concentration histories show that segregation of species along the vertical centerline in the liquid pool have been measured to be in excess of 4% for some cases during quasisteady conditions. The warm buoyant solution entering the liquid melt via the feeding nozzle significantly increased convective effects that were not detected in previous research on static test sumps.


The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services will start reporting pharmacy performace as early as this fall and drug plans my start publishing reports in the near futugs.


The transparent computing is gaining more and more courtesy in recent times. Resources are stored on remote servers, and delivered on demand to clients in a streaming way. The centralized management at servers can bring convenience security for user's information. This approach is greatly useful to protect the user data with different security levels, and provide multilevel access control and valid identity authentication. The proposed scheme is effective in multilevel data security, flexible in authorized resource sharing. Scope of Transparent Computing is enormous and wide spread, which can be used in almost all the information technology domains. By asymmetric group key agreement and group signature, propose an efficient data auditing scheme for to check the file Integrity while at the same time providing some new features, such as traceability and countability.


If the magnetic field of a nonparaxial mirror system is chosen appropriately, it is possible to maintain a sharp plasma boundary in an open axisymmetric confinement system in a manner which is stable against flute modes (both global and small-scale). Stability prevails in the ideal MHD approximation without finite-ion-Larmor radius effects.


Forskolin, a diterpene from the roots of an Indian plant, Coleus forskohlii, is a potent platelet aggregation inhibitor and has been examined for its effects on (a) tumor‐induced human platelet aggregation and (b) pulmonary tumor colonization in mice. These studies employed a subline of B16 murine melanoma, BI6‐FIO (highly meta‐static to lungs). Forskolin (2 μM) strongly inhibits the melanoma cell‐induced human platelet aggregation. A single dose of forskolin (82 μg/mouse) administered in‐ traperitoneally 30 or 60 min prior to tail vein injection of cultured BI6‐FIO cells (2 or 3 × 10s cells/mouse) reduced tumor colonization in the lungs by more than 70%. Similar results were obtained in three separate experiments. These findings raise the possibility that forskolin could prove of value in the clinic for the prevention of cancer metastasis.


e15037 Background: Vitamin and herbal supplement use has been steadily rising in the United States. Few data are available evaluating this use in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We analyzed our prospective database of patients with HCC to determine predictors of supplement use and associations with survival. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 146 patients with newly-diagnosed HCC between 10/2008 and 11/2012. Upon enrollment, patients completed an epidemiologic questionnaire and provided detailed demographic and lifestyle data including diet, exercise, smoking and use of vitamins and herbal supplements. Clinical characteristics and overall survival were collected from medical records. We assessed if socioeconomic, lifestyle, or clinical characteristics predicted vitamin and herbal supplement use in HCC patients. We also evaluated if use was predictive of overall survival. Results: The median age was 62, and 79% were men. 60% had underlying HCV and 38% had HBV; 64% were Child-Pugh A and 19% we...


After decades of armed conflict and a massive tsunami in 2004 much of the surviving population of Indonesias Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (Aceh) province is in need of psychosocial assistance. This article describes the work and observations of Women Volunteers for Humanity (RPUK) and the PULIH Center for Trauma Recovery and Psychosocial Intervention (PULIH)1 two Indonesian organizations that have been designing and implementing psychosocial programs for Acehs internally displaced women. (excerpt)


DOI:  10.17014/ijog.v5i4.109 Gajahmungkur is a Tertiary paleovolcano located in Wonogiri Regency, Central Java. The volcanic product of this volcano are widely distributed and composed of important elements of the stratigraphic sequence in the Southern Mountain area. The volcanic products so far have been simply classified as "Old Andesite Formation" which apparently is not in line with the stratigraphic code and the Indonesian Stratigraphic Code. The description of paleovolcano therefore might contribute to the revision of the "Old Andesite Formation". The evolution of Gajahmungkur paleovolcano commenced with the formation of a submarine volcano, and then at the second phase a composite volcano emerged above sea level forming a volcano island. The third phase was the self destruction resulting in a formation of a caldera. Pumiceous components dominated the products. At the fourth phase, the activities began to decline producing more basaltic rocks. The statistical analysis of the interrelation between various physical properties of the clastic rocks leads to the identification of volcanic facies and the location of the paleovolcano vent.


ABSTRACT Family literacy programmes operate on the periphery of American education and often employ a deficit orientation toward minoritized families; still, parents view these programmes as language-learning resources. This ethnographic study explores the experiences of Latina mothers enrolled in a school-based family literacy programme in Nebraska to understand what sustained their involvement. Utilising Brandt's (2001. Literacy in American Lives. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press) literacy sponsorship framework, it suggests that the programme personnel somewhat shared the mothers' literacy sponsorship and, consequently, provided a learning experience that supported participants in meeting their goals. Observation and interview data showed two partially agreed upon sponsors of literacy: enriched livelihoods and spending time with children. Despite variations in other perspectives and goals, each had similar continuing stakes in participating in the programme. This agreement illuminated how the programme was responsive to mothers' goals, despite its deficit lens, and suggests a vantage point for developing more culturally congruent family literacy programmes.


The development of digital technology and virtual reality has also given birth to virtual tourism innovations that have an impact on increasing the community's economy through training. This program is carried out to create virtual tourist villages, especially based on virtual tourism batik, so that batik craftsmen have more time to promote their products and the tourist aspect. The virtual tour-based batik village aims to empower the batik artisan community to be more active in utilizing digital application platforms to market their products and produce practical applications for marketing. This digital application makes it easier for buyers to find out the promotions being carried out by Bekasi batik by utilizing gadgets and taking advantage of the digital world. The training method uses a case study approach, discussion, lecture, and ends with a training evaluation. The results of the study are based on the evaluation results of the user experience of batik craftsmen in the city of Bekasi, out of 50 respondents it is found that 55% strongly agree that training materials and virtual tour systems that are socialized are easy to access, can develop digital villages based on web virtual tours and as a forum for batik promotion Bekasi city. In the aspect of achieving the goals of the Bekasi city batik craftsmen participants, out of 50 respondents the result was that 65% strongly agreed that the learning objectives of the training and virtual tour system met the expectations of the respondents. It is the hope of the training participants that the problem of marketing the virtual tour system will be a solution to expand the marketing of batik in the City of Bekasi.


The purpose of this paper was to highlight community risks that are a product of global capitalism, as perpetuated through the activities of Oil Multinational Corporations (MNCs) in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. Like globalization, global capitalism characterizes the paradoxical coexistence of free market enterprise and community risks. The progress in the use of modern technologies no doubt exposes our societies to several socio-economic and health risks. These risks are more prevalent in oil producing communities, where the desire to amass wealth at all costs is the major factor propelling the socio-economic activities by the governments and the oil MNCs. This paper is based on our field study, which commenced in 2004 and culminated in 2013, in five communities in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. However, the analysis of the core issues in this paper was influenced by Beck's concept of the Risk Society. The position of this paper is that although the exploration of crude oil in the Niger Delta has brought some socio-economic gains to a few connected to the Nigerian government, majority of the people, particularly those in the oil producing region are faced with a plethora of risks in their daily lives.


A simple implementation of a commercially available high‐voltage power supply is described whereby the power supply can be used for voltage biasing of a photomultiplier tube operating either in a constant dynode voltage or in a constant output current mode. In the constant current mode, low frequency fluctuations in the current are suppressed without attenuation of a high frequency signal. Both the phototube output current and the dynode voltage can be set by external voltages in the range from −10 to +10 V, making computer control easy with standard digital‐to‐analog converters.


Biomorphic SiC ceramics have been fabricated using different wood precursors. The evolution of volume, density and microstructure of the woods, carbon performs, and final SiC products are systematically studied in order to establish experimental guidelines that allow materials selection. The wood density is a critical characteristic, which results in a particular final SiC density, and the level of anisotropy in mechanical properties in directions parallel (axial) and perpendicular (radial) to the growth of the wood.


We investigated the sheet resistance (Rs) and transmittance (T) of seamless two-dimensional networks of 50-nm-thick aluminum (Al) nanowires (NWs) with widths (W) ranging from 380 to 1410 nm. The Al NWs were fabricated by wet-etching of Al metalized polyester films with using polystyrene (PS) nanofibers as the mask. The PS nanofibers were deposited by the electrospinning of a PS solution and adhered to the film by annealing. W and the area coverage (φ) were increased with increasing PS solution concentration and deposition time, respectively. With increasing φ from 3 to 34%, T and Rs decreased from 99 to 75% and from 800 to 10 Ω/sq, respectively, and the network with W = 878 nm at φ = 0.21 attained values of T = 91% and Rs = 31 Ω/sq. The conductivity increases with φ with an exponent of 2, demonstrating that seamless NW networks are characterized by the zero percolation threshold.


The palace appeared and disappeared as the road snaked round the side of the hill. It was not a big palace, just as Bergania was not a big kingdom, but everything was there; turrets and towers, a moat, and a flagpole with the royal standard raised to show that the king was in residence. There were two sentry boxes, striped red, green and white in the Bergania colours, and a soldier stood guard on either side of the tall, gold-spiked gate. As they drove into the forecourt an eagle soared up over the battlements and Tally, her head tilted forward to follow its flight, gave a sudden intake of breath. 'What is it?' What's the matter?' said Julia. Tally could not answer. What she had seen had both frightened and shocked her. A figure dressed in black was pulling someone roughly away from a high barred window. She could not make out the person who was being dragged away; it was someone small, a child probably — and already out of sight — but the black-clad figure stood for a moment looking out through the bars. It was a woman — but a woman out of some cruel and ancient story: a witch, a jailor. Even so far away, one could see the anger that possessed her.


[Objective] To investigate the pathologic significance of quantitation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor in human brain glioma.[Methods] The specimens of 35 cases were quantitated by flow cytometry,including 8 cases in grade Ⅰ,9 cases in grade Ⅱ,9 cases in grade Ⅲ, 6 cases in grade Ⅳ,and 3 normal brain tissues.Direct staining was used in this study.[Results] The intensity of individual u-PAR expression in human glioma was correlated with the pathologic grade,and quantitative assay showed that u-PAR expression was higher in grade Ⅲ and grade Ⅳ than that in grade Ⅰ,gradeⅡ and normal brain(P0.01).[Conclusion] The expression of u-PAR is positively correlated with the pathologic grade or pattern,and it can be the index of judging the malignant degree and infiltrative ability.


T purpose of this paper is to study the economic significance of export promotion in overpopulated, poorly endowed and underdeveloped countries, as an important tool in improving the unemployment problems which could be attributed to the specific characteristics of their basic economic environmentproduction technology, factor endowments and taste, which will be called "structural" in this paper.


For the small open economy of Botswana the PPP theory is validated in both the absolute and relative version for the Pula-Dollar exchange rate during the sample period 1992 third quarter to 2002 fourth quarter. The Pula-Dollar exchange rate is determined by the long-term trends in Botswana's Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the USA's CPI. The influence of the USA CPI is considerable. In the long-run there is no trade off between export competitiveness through devaluation and inflation. But as the speed of adjustment in the short-term towards long-term is slow, there is some flexibility for the exchange rate policy. The monetary policy can be used in the short-run to counter the inflation. There is no real appreciation of the Pula in the long run. This contradicts the portfolio balance theory which advocates that for a trade account surplus economy like Botswana the real exchange rate will appreciate through the limited demand for foreign assets. The lesson for the exchange rate policy for Botswana may be that it is better to keep more flexible the Pula-Dollar exchange rate than keeping it totally fixed.


Pressure-driven fracturing, also known as hydraulic fracturing, is a process widely used for developing geothermal resources, extracting hydrocarbons from unconventional reservoirs such as tight sandstone and shale formations, as well as for preconditioning the rock-mass during deep mining operations. While the overall process of pressure-driven fracturing is well understood, a quantitative description of the process is difficult due to both geologic and mechanistic uncertainties. Among them, the simulation of fractures growing in a complex heterogeneous medium is associated with computational difficulties. Experimental evidence based on micro-seismic monitoring clearly demonstrates the important influence of rock mass fabric on hydraulic fracture development, and the interaction between fluid-driven fractures and pre-existing discontinuities. However, these components are not well accounted for by standard numerical approaches. Thus, the design of hydraulic fracturing operations continues to be based on simplified models whereby the rock mass is treated as a homogeneous continuum. The purpose of this paper is to present the preliminary results obtained using the combined finite-discrete element technology to study the interaction between fluid driven fractures and natural rock mass discontinuities.


Considering the theme of the symposium "Propagation of Epileptic Excitation; Longitudinal or Transhemispheric?" one may find two meanings in it. From a macroanatomical point of view, one is in which way the epileptic excitation propagates, a transhemispheric pathway or a route through brain structures including the brainstem. The other is in a microphysiological term whether the excitation conducts along a neuronal axon or transmits from a neuron to a neuron electrotonically or transelectrosynaptically. In the present paper, initiation, propagation and generalization of paroxysmal discharges representing epileptic excitation are observed in an epileptic mutant animal, El mouse, so that a macroanatomical mechanism of the propagation of epileptic excitation will be discussed.


Upon reflection, and following Aerdt's advice, I thought that, maybe, I could provide some perspective. I could consider the sea-change we have witnessed in monetary policy operating procedures since the Great Financial Crisis (GFC). And I could do so from the viewpoint of someone who studied them before and sees current developments with a mix of surprise and some discomfort. I hope that, by the end of my talk, I will have convinced you that my discomfort is not just a matter of unjustified nostalgia.


In this paper, by using a commercial EM simulator, we could obtain the array manifold which are phase responses of an array antenna for the incident plane wave and then verified the effectiveness of methodology after comparing with the measurement. The result shows that the array manifold can be calculated including not only the phase response of the ideal point sources but also the influences of the mutual coupling between antennas and the installed platform. Also it can exclude the interference of strong broadcasting signal and the disturbance of the multipath in the calibration process. Finally, to predict the performances of direction finding systems, a novel method using both the EM simulation-based receiving signal and the sparsely sampled array manifold with the parabolic estimation is proposed. This method can be utilized in the various fields of direction-finding since it shows the superior predictive performance even in low SNR conditions.


Background. The blockade of costimulatory signal pathway by anti-CD40 ligand antibody or cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 immunoglobulin (CTLA4Ig) prolongs allograft survival in various vascularized organ transplantations. Because of the short half life of these agents, repeated administration of proteins is required to achieve significant graft survival. Furthermore, there is limited information regarding the effect of cosimulatory blockade on the survival of composite tissue allografts. Therefore, we examined the effect of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of CTLA4Ig or CD40Ig gene or both in composite tissue allotransplantation. Methods. The hind limbs removed from male ACI rats (RT1a) were transplanted into female Lewis rats (RT11) heterotopically. The recombinant adenovirus carrying CTLA4Ig (AxCTLA4Ig) or CD40Ig (AxCD40Ig) was intravenously administered after limb transplantation. Results. Limb allograft survival was significantly prolonged by either AxCTLA4Ig or AxCD40Ig treatment at 1×109 plaque forming unit (mean survival time [MST] of 39.4±6.0 and 13.0±2.9, respectively) compared with the adenovirus vector containing &bgr;-galactosidase-treated group (MST of 4.8±0.8). Combination of AxCTLA4Ig and AxCD40Ig led to significant prolongation of graft survival (MST of 49.2±6.6). Serum levels of CD40Ig were higher in rats treated with combination therapy than those treated with AxCD40Ig alone, whereas the serum levels of CTLA4Ig in rats treated with AxCTLA4Ig alone and AxCTLA4Ig and AxCD40Ig combined were very similar. Conclusion. This study indicates that an adenovirus-mediated gene therapy of CTLA4Ig or CD40Ig has a therapeutic potential for preventing rejection in composite tissue transplantation. Furthermore, a combination therapy of AxCTLA4Ig and AxCD40Ig was even more effective in preventing acute rejection and prolonging the survival of allografted limbs without apparent complication.


The work features of generator circuit breaker are introduced.The advantages and disadvantages of installing generator circuit breaker at the outlet of large unit are discussed.The existing problems and the treatment measures are put forward.


Liability law allocates the costs of accidents among individuals. Accidental injuries are frequent in modern society. One car rear-ends another, damaging property and causing personal injury; a soda pop bottle explodes, injuring a consumer; a physician misdiagnoses a patient's illness, resulting in medical complications when the illness is ultimately treated. Liability law has two principal goals. The first goal is to provide compensation to parties injured in accidents. The ''compensation'' goal of liability law attempts to provide a form of social insurance against accidental injuries. The second goal is to provide potential injurers with the incentive to avoid accidents for which the social cost of prevention is less than the cost created by the accident—that is, to induce the best possible deterrence. The ''deterrence'' goal of liability law is designed to induce individuals to internalize the nega-


A structure whose load-displacement curve due to geometry change after initial yield is expressed approximately by a cubic nonlinear curve is represented by a dynamically equivalent system consisting of a nonlinear spring and a slider, and its dynamic response to the impact of a moving mass is analyzed by means of successive approximation. This analysis is carried out with a structure made of a rigid-perfectly-plastic material, but the results are applicable to the case of an elastic-perfectly-plastic material. Numerical examples are given for a U type beam subjected to an impulsive loading at the tip.


This is attempts to investigation into object tracking and how they can be applied to develop a visual perception system for independent vehicles. In recent years, independent robots have shifted from industry to unconstrained human environments. Unlike their industrial counterparts, the new generation of robots cannot rely on specific knowledge of a highly structured environment but must operate in unknown environments. This requires the robots to be able to understand their surroundings. Vision is clearly an intelligent choice for perception of such a dynamic environment. Therefore this attempts to develop a novel approach for object tracking in an independent ground level vehicle by combining color tracking and invariant feature tracking using kalman filter.


Technological advances which are the parameters of the new era have an impact on the demands for increasing skills. The current demand for skills is in the form of 21st century skills, including analytical thinking skills. In addition, scientific attitudes are part of the science elements that are required to be mastered by students in this century, therefore it is necessary to have an instrument that can measure these two skills, based of this, an integrated assessment instrument is developed which aims to determine the characteristics of the instrument, the feasibility and the results of the measurement of an integrated assessment of students' analytical thinking skills and scientific attitudes on chemical equilibrium material for 11th grade of senior high school. All test subjects came from six schools in the city of Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara province. Sample take by stratified random sampling technique. The test results were analyzed using the Partial Credit Model 1 Parameter-Logistic (PCM 1-PL) approach in Item Response Theory (IRT) by the Winsteps program. All items were declared fit. The measurement results using this integrated assessment instrument show that students' analytical thinking skills and scientific attitudes on chemical equilibrium material are 36.5% in the moderate category


PURPOSE: The Unilateral neglect is characterized by difficulty shifting attention to the side of space opposite the brain lesion and frequently reducing use of contralesional extremities. This study was to identify whether the visual deprivation was responsible for head position on unilateral neglect patient after stroke. METHODS: A patient with left middle cerebral artery infarction participated in the study. We assessed neglect using line bisection and star cancellation test. Patient was instructed to maintain correct alignment of trunk and head in a sit position. We evaluated degree of head lateral tilting and rotation. Then, patient was blocked visual input. Also, we evaluated head position in the same way. RESULTS: He scored 3 points in the line bisection test and 9 points star cancellation test. In postural evaluation, he had deviated posture such as lateral head tilting and rotation. After visual cue deprivation, patient showed different head position which was decreased degree of head tilting and rotation. CONCLUSION: For vertical body orientation, it was used multiple sensory references including the vestibular, somatosensory, and visual system. This finding suggested that abnormal posture of neglect patient could be related to the visual input. It has important clinical implications in terms of understanding the neglect.


Vibrational spectroscopy has long been used in bacterial identification with different levels of taxonomic discrimination but its true potential for intra‐species differentiation remains poorly explored. Herein, both transmission Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) and attenuated total reflectance (ATR)‐FTIR spectroscopy are used to analyse E. coli strains that differ solely in their porin expression profile. In this previously unreported approach, the applicability of both FTIR‐spectroscopy techniques is compared with the same collection of unique strains. ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy proved to reliably distinguish between several E. coli porin mutants with an accuracy not replicated by FTIR in transmission mode (using previously optimized procedures). Further studies should allow the identification of the individual contribution of the single porin channel to the overall bacterial infrared spectrum and of molecular predictive patterns of porin alterations. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Indian Real Estate Market,despite its opportunities has seen sharp drop in foreign Investment ( FDI) in last few years due to many reasons and in future Global Investors may be more cautious to Investment in India because of ambiguity in regulations, delays in clearances from local authorities and conflicting provisions of Companies Act, Consolidate FDI Policy and RBI regulations governing to it. For a number of private equity investors who invested between 2006 and 2008, returns have been subpar from what they had hoped and been promised many expect to lose money because many projects have not taken off and many others are stuck in litigation with their investee companies because of conflict on exit route provided so far.


Four novel amino-functionalized ionic liquids were prepared and their structures were characterized by UV,IR and NMR.The SO2 absorbption experiment results show that up to 2.50 of the MR ratio and up to 52.5% of amount ratio can be obtained in 1.5 h at room temperature.The ionic liquid can be easily recycled by simple distilling with high desorption efficiency of 96%.Compared with earlier reported ionic liquids desulfurization technique,the amino-functionalized ionic liquids technique is valuable for industrial application with such advantages as high absorption efficiency and recycle of ionic liquids.


VGF nerve growth factor inducible (VGF) is a secreted polypeptide involved in metabolic regulation. VGF derived peptides have been reported to regulate insulin secretion in the plasma of patients with type 2 diabetes and model mice. However, the protective effects of VGF on pancreatic β-cells in diabetic model are not well understood. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the β-cell protective effect of VGF on a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic model using VGF overexpressing mice and also examined the therapeutic effect by a small molecule, SUN N8075 which is an inducer of VGF. VGF overexpressing mice improved blood glucose levels and maintained β-cell mass, compared to WT mice on STZ-induced diabetic model. In addition, VGF-overexpressing mice showed better glucose tolerance than WT mice. In culture, AQEE-30, a VGF derived peptide, suppressed STZ-induced β-cell death in vitro and attenuated the decrease in the phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3β. Furthermore, SUN N8075 suppressed the blood glucose levels and increased VGF expression in the pancreatic islet. SUN N8075 also protected STZ-induced β-cell death in vitro. These findings indicate that VGF plays a hypoglycaemic role in response to blood glucose levels in diabetes and protecting β-cells from STZ-induced cell death. Therefore, VGF and its inducer have the therapeutic potential by preserving β-cells in diabetes.


Since China's accession to the WTO,almost all colleges and universities are efforts to enhance their competitiveness.The core of competitiveness is the customer,those who accept the administrative services of teachers,staff and workers,students belong to its scope.Could allow them to stay in school,so as to attract better talent development services for the school is the main factor of the universities ability to have a greater potential for development.


A new multistage impeller developed for mixing highly viscous fluids (0.1-10.0 Pa.s) in a stirred tank provides several advantages: excellent axial circulation flow, hardly any stagnant zones, and low power consumption. The impeller is composed of a vertical rotating shaft to which are attached, from top to bottom, a pair of two-bladed gate-impellers and one two-bladed paddle impeller. Four baffles are employed to accelerate the axial circulation flow in the tank. In this paper, the geometrical configuration of the multistage impeller is described, and its mixing characteristics for fluids of high viscosity - i.e. the power consumption, flow pattern, mixing time, circulation time, and mixing efficiency - are clarified. For comparison, the same characteristics were also examined in the stirred tanks using anchor, double-helical ribbon, and single-gate impellers. The results showed the multistage impeller to be superior to the other types in that the time required for complete mixing is relatively short and almost no stagnant zones are created. The relationship between the Reynolds and Nusselt numbers for the multistage impeller, as well as for single-gate and four-pitched paddle impellers, was clarified from the laminar to turbulent regions.


This article deals with the problem of robust static output feedback H∞ control in finite frequency (FF) domain for polynomial Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systems. By using generalized Kalman–Yakubovich–Popov lemma and polynomial Lyapunov functions, sufficient conditions are proposed for controllers design in terms of sum of squares. These conditions include neither transformation matrices nor equality constraints, which simplifies the numerical solution. The proposed method is designed in the FF domain to reduce the conservativeness generated by those designed in the full frequency domain. Some numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach.


How do you report rumours or baseless allegations? Should you ignore them completely or is the job of journalism to bust myths and correct misinformation?


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Job satisfaction is an important consideration in the recruitment and retention of physiotherapists (PTs). To date, the job satisfaction of PTs working in Saudi Arabia has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to measure the level of job satisfaction of PTs working in Saudi Arabia and evaluate predictors of job satisfaction. DESIGN AND SETTINGS This was a cross-sectional observational study among licensed physical therapists working across 11 health care centers and university hospitals in Riyadh between 2013 and 2014. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 183 physical therapists participated in the survey. Level of job satisfaction and factors influencing satisfaction were explored using a purpose-designed job satisfaction questionnaire. It consisted of 8 survey domains, and the scores were normalized to allow between-domain comparison RESULTS Global job satisfaction was 37%. The highest levels of job satisfaction were seen in the domains of professional development and teamwork and the lowest levels of job satisfaction in the domains of supervisory/management relationship (75%) and working environment (60%). Predictors of job satisfaction were gender (OR [odds ratio] 1.4, 95% CI 1.1–2.3), age (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5–0.9), relationships with supervisors and managers (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2–1.9), working environment (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0–2.3), and opportunities for professional development (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2–3.7). CONCLUSION Saudi PTs were moderately satisfied with their job; strategies should be designed in such a way that they experience a high level of job satisfaction and retention thus resulting in improved rehabilitation services in Saudi Arabia.


In combination with the engineering fact and meteorological data,different rainfall calculation schemes are carried out in order to analyze the development law and failure mechanism of transient saturated areas of a coarse-grained soil embankment under rainfall infiltration condition.Based on the saturated and unsaturated seepage theory,a numerical simulation was conducted to examine the rain infiltration process of a coarse-grained soil embankment slope under different rainfall conditions.The results show that the transient saturated zone within a certain range forms in the embankment slope surface during the rainfall process,and the formation and development process of the transient saturated zone is closely related to rainfall intensity and rainfall time.Rainfall infiltration only leads water level under the surface of the embankment slope to rise sharply,and has less impact on the groundwater level of the central embankment.As long as the rain stops,the transient saturated zone from the top of embankment dissipates rapidly,while the middle and lower parts show the lagging characteristic.However,the area of transient saturated zone generally declines.The loss of matrix suction and the increase of moisture content in infiltration area due to rainfall infiltration are the main factors causing the embankment slope stability to decrease.The embankment form of instability is a whole sliding combined with partial surface collapse.


The invention discloses a method for representing the roughness of a silkworm cocoon by measuring stroke lengths. The method includes the steps that the two sides in the length direction of the silkworm cocoon are clamped by a clamp, and the silkworm cocoon is horizontally placed; the stroke length of the outline of an expansion part of the silkworm cocoon is measured through a roughmeter; then, repeated measurement is conducted by surrounding the long axis of the silkworm cocoon by a uniformly-spaced rotation angle; the average value of the stroke lengths is calculated through measuring results, and thus the roughness of the silkworm cocoon can be represented. The method is simple, convenient and efficient to operate and high in implementation rate and automation level, the method can be applied to silkworm cocoon quality detection fundamental research and production field detection, and therefore a new path is provided for the silkworm cocoon quality detection technology.


This essay presents a perspective on Japan's relations with the two Koreas in relation to resolving the thorny issues posed by North Korea. It will first briefly recap recent developments in North Korea's posture under Kim Jong-un before examining Japan's interpretation of those changes and related interactions with South Korea and the United States in response. It will then analyze the evolution of Japan's approach to relations with the Korean Peninsula and suggest strategic and political options for the future.


Following upon the Supreme Court of Appeal's judgment in Butters v Mncora , which broadened the criteria and consequences of universal partnerships in cohabitation relationships, this article investigates the potential of universal partnerships and putative marriages to allocate rights to share in partnership property in other intimate relationships. It traverses several instances in which marriages are not recognised - bigamous marriages, Muslim and Hindu religious marriages and invalid customary marriages – examining whether the wives in these marriages could use universal partnerships and putative marriages to claim a share in property. It then considers the use of universal partnerships to obtain a share of property in civil marriages out of community of property. It concludes by pointing out several issues which are in need of clarification and where the common law should be developed to give effect to fundamental constitutional rights.


The ΛCDM cosmological scenario predicts that our Galaxy should contain hundreds of stellar streams in the solar vicinity, fossil relics of the merging history of the Milky Way and more generally of the hierarchical growth of galaxies. Because of the mixing time scales in the inner Galaxy, it has been claimed that these streams should be difficult to detect in configuration space but can still be identifiable in kinematic-related spaces like the energy/angular momenta spaces, E − L z and L ⊥ − L z , or spaces of orbital/velocity parameters. By means of high-resolution, dissipationless N -body simulations containing between 25 × 10 6 and 35 × 10 6 particles, we model the accretion of a series of up to four 1:10 mass ratio satellites then up to eight 1:100 satellites and search systematically for the signature of accretions in these spaces. The novelty of this work with respect to the majority of those already published is our analysis of fully consistent models, where both the satellite(s) and the Milky Way galaxy are "live" systems, which can react to the interaction and experience kinematical heating, tidal effects and dynamical friction (the latter, a process often neglected in previous studies). We find that, in agreement with previous works, all spaces are rich in substructures, but that, contrary to previous works, the origin of these substructures – accreted or in-situ – cannot be determined for the following reasons. In all spaces considered (1) each satellite provides the origin of several independent over-densities; (2) over-densities of multiple satellites overlap; (3) satellites of different masses can produce similar substructures; (4) the overlap between the in-situ and the accreted population is considerable everywhere; and (5) in-situ stars also form substructures in response to the satellite(s') accretion. These points are valid even if the search is restricted to kinematically-selected halo stars only. As we are now entering the " Gaia era", our results warn that extreme caution must be employed before interpreting over-densities in any of those spaces as evidence of relics of accreted satellites. Reconstructing the accretion history of our Galaxy will require a substantial amount of accurate spectroscopic data, that, complemented by the kinematic information, will possibly allow us to (chemically) identify accreted streams and measure their orbital properties.


Fruit flies (D. melanogaster) are ideal genetic model organisms that can closely replicate human genetic anomalies and characteristics. The invasion of the Air Sac Primordia (ASP), an organ analogous to the human lung, into the Wing Imaginal Disc (WID) of larval fruit flies is closely related to tumor metastasis in humans, as both processes use similar mechanisms to break down the basement membrane. By studying genes responsible for ASP invasion, researchers may be able to identify analogous genes in humans responsible for tumor metastasis. A genetic screen, using 100 protein trap lines, was conducted to find genes expressed in ASP and potentially involved in ASP invasion. The protein trap lines tagged endogenous proteins with a Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) to indicate tissue localization of selected proteins under a fluorescent microscope. WID were isolated from 10 third instar larvae of each line and imaged using fluorescence microscopy. Eleven of the 100 lines screened exhibited GFP expression in the WID, but not in the ASP. Only one of the 65 lines exhibited GFP expression in the ASP. The gene responsible was Apontic (apt). Apontic's role in ASP invasion will be further investigated using RNA interference to knock down the gene.


Rice-wheat rotation is one of the principal planting patters of rice and wheat in China. Research on mechanical production model and economic benefit of rice-wheat rotation can further optimize the production model. The paper defined rice-wheat rotation region of China and divided the region into three parts including developed area in the east coastal, major grain producing area in midland, less-developed area in southwest. Study out 10 typical mechanization production models in rice- wheat rotation region by analyzing the present situation. Then compare the models at the cost, output value and proceeds. Analyze the trend of different areas on the principle of efficiency, economy and equipment practicable.


12-Molybdophosphoric acid catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of nitroarene by hydrazine in a homogeneous phase. This catalytic system was applicable to one-pot quinolines synthesis in the presence of various aldehydes in water. This method provides a new and efficient protocol in terms of mild reaction conditions, clean reaction profiles, small quantity of catalyst, and simple work-up procedure.


Hemoglobins that polymerize are not uncommon among amphibians, reptiles, and elasmobranchs, but are rare among teleosts and humans. They are useful models for the study of protein structure, function, and molecular evolutionary relationships. The freshwater teleost Hoplias malabarica (I), the marine teleost Lophius americanus (2), and the clown fish, Amphiprion (3) are the only bony fishes reported to have hemoglobins that polymerize. Hoplias and Lophius polymerize by forming intermolecular disulfide bonds, while the polymerization mechanism for the clown fish is, as yet, unknown. Among humans, hemoglobins Ta-Li, Mississippi, and Pot-to Alegre (4, 5, 6) have a single mutation involving the substitution of a cysteine residue at different loci on the globin chain. We now report that the ocean pout has a single hemoglobin with six sullhydryl groups per tetramer and polymerizes, in vitro, after oxidation with potassium ferricyanide (K,Fe(CN),) or cupric chloride (CuClJ. Procedures for hemoglobin purification by DE-52 cellulose chromatography, molecular weight estimations by gel filtration on G100 columns, and urea gel electrophoresis for globin subunit analysis have been described (2). Hemoglobin was incubated with a twoto threefold molar excess of CuCIZ for 15 min in an ice bucket. The excess copper was removed by dialysis or by gel filtration from Sephadex G-25 columns equilibrated with 0.1 M K-PO., buffer, pH 7.4. Thereafter 20-40 mg of the hemoglobin was applied to and eluted from G100 columns. One-ml fractions were collected and the absorbance of each measured at 540 nm. The approximate polymer molecular weight was estimated from the elution volume of the peak tube. Hemoglobin solutions (0.52.0 g/%) were also oxidized by adding l-3 mg of potassium ferricyanide per ml of hemoglobin. Iodoacetamide (IAA)-alkylated hemoglobin ( 15 rmoles/mg hemoglobin) was dialyzed overnight, centrifuged, and subsequently treated with CuC12. In a separate xperiment, a 60-fold molar excess of beta-mercaptoethanol (B-ME) was added to CuCl*-treated hemoglobin, incubated for 1 h, and dialyzed for 3 h before G100 chromatography. Untreated hemoglobin and hemoglobin treated with CuCIZ alone served as controls and were dialyzed for the same period. The gel filtration profile of known molecular weight proteins is shown in Figure 1 A. The inset graph is a plot of the log of the molecular weight of each standard versus the elution volume of the peak tube. The linear relationship indicates that the peak tube elution volume provides a reasonable stimate of the protein molecular weight between 16,000 and 150,000 Da. (The molecular weight fractionation range for Sephadex G-100 is 4 X 10' and 1.5 X 105.) .The effect of CuCl* on pout hemoglobin is shown in Figure 1 B. In the absence of the cation, the peak tube eluted at a volume comparable to human hemoglobin, suggesting anormal molecular weight for pout hemoglobin of approximately 60,000. The addition of CuC12 results in a polymer with a minimum molecular mass of 100 to 155 kDa, which corresponds to aggregates of, perhaps, two to three tetramers. Cupric-chloride-induced polymer formation may be inhibited by prior incubation with IAA (Fig. 1C). Hemoglobin alkylated with IAA elutes at the same volume as normal pout and human hemoglobin, but in the absence of IAA, cupric-chloride-induced


Summary.

Willow Warblers Phylloscopus trochilus at Wytham, Oxford (51° 46' N., 1° 15' W.), start to sing around sunrise, in late April to early June. In the continuous daylight at Neiden, East Finnmark (69° 42' N., 29° 25' E.), they do not sing all the time, but in late June to late July start singing between 22.45 and 01.45 hrs., the start becoming progressively later as the season draws on. At Neiden, nest visits start some time after song (01.00–02.30), and this is probably also true at Wytham.

The influence of environmental variables on the starts of the two cycles is discussed. It is concluded that song starts at Wytham when light intensity has risen above a certain threshold level, and at Neiden, when it has reached a minimum value or has started to rise again. It is suggested that the Neiden birds react to the closest approximation of their light intensity cycle to that at dawn further south. The end of daily song at Neiden may be controlled by internal factors. It is suggested that the start of the Neiden nest-visit cycle is controlled by light intensity, but modified by temperature effects. The possibility that the environment affects the bird indirectly, via its brood or food, can be ruled out. The functional significance of the retention of activity lulls in the continuous daylight of the Arctic summer is discussed.

The daily song-starts of the Garden Warbler Sylvia borin, Brambling Fringilla montifringilla, and Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella, follow the same pattern as those of the Willow Warbler. The Redwing Turdus musicus often has no daily song lull; its nest-visit lull begins and ends well before midnight. The significance of this is discussed.


The article considers issues of using mythological symbols and their interpretation in the works of Antoine de Saint Exupery and Chingiz Aitmatov. Besides, it gives significant data due to the place and role of mythology in the poetics of fiction also history of the use of mythological plot and elements in Western Literature


For the future power grid, the electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation seems to be the most promising tool for design, operation and analysis. However, it is difficult to establish its EMT simulation model in the EMT simulation software for a large-scale power system. This paper proposes a method to generate a large-scale EMT simulation model on the EMT software CloudPSS using the existing PSASP projects. The correspondence relationship between the transient stability (TS) model on PSASP and EMT model on CloudPSS is analyzed. Besides, the workflow of the project conversion process from PSASP to CloudPSS is presented. Test results on several large-scale cases validate the correctness and efficiency of the proposed project conversion method.


No source of agricultural distress in the post-bellum South was more frequently alluded to by nineteenth-century observers than the "overproduction" of cotton. The anonymous author of the opening quotation was merely expressing, in characteristically metaphorical terms, a widely-held view that was to persist for years among southern reformers. Even writers who conceded the peculiar advantages for cotton culture derived from the South's climate and soils often argued nevertheless that crop diversification was the order of the day.


Antiferromagnetic rhombohedral \ensuremath{\alpha}-${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ has been studied by calculations of the ground-state spin-polarized wave function and total energy, using the ab initio periodic unrestricted Hartree-Fock approach. All-electron basis sets of contracted Gaussian-type functions are employed to represent the O and Fe atoms (18 and 27 orbitals, respectively); Fe is alternatively described by a large-core pseudopotential plus 18 valence-shell orbitals. Computations have been performed for both the antiferromagnetic (AF) and ferromagnetic (FM) structures; the correct relative stability is reproduced, with \ensuremath{\Delta}E(AF-FM)=-0.0027 hartree per formula unit (including a correction for correlation energy). The dependence of \ensuremath{\Delta}E(AF-FM) on variations of the Fe-O bond lengths and Fe-O-Fe' angles involved in superexchange is analyzed, finding that for some configurations the FM structure becomes more stable than the AF one. The athermal equation of state, equilibrium crystal structure, elastic bulk modulus, and binding energy have been computed and compared to experimental quantities. An analysis of the density of electronic states show that the band gap is of p-d rather than d-d type, confirming the charge-transfer-insulator nature of hematite as inferred from photoelectron spectra. The overall shape of the valence band is also fully consistent with spectroscopic results. Mulliken electron population data indicate a charge back transfer of 0.29\ensuremath{\Vert}e\ensuremath{\Vert} from ${\mathrm{O}}^{2\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ to the d shell of ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$, causing a partial spin pairing with a magnetic moment of 4.7${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{B}}$.


ABSTRACT The policy diffusion literature has often focused on external pressures on domestic policy. However, by analysing the evolution of China's monetary policy regime, we demonstrate a pattern of highly selective diffusion that is largely shaped by domestic political and institutional dynamics. We use an historical institutionalist approach to probe how the most relevant institutionally embedded agents, in this case, those within the Chinese central bank, have strategically engaged with this process. We show how selective diffusion has been shaped by epistemic policy learning through international engagement by China's central bankers, and, in particular, how they have strategically used imported policy ideas as an institutional empowerment strategy, furthering the interests and agenda of the People's Bank of China.


Take a new kind 500L/min direct action safety valve with high pressure and large flowrate as object,first of all,design its structure.Analysising flow field with FLUENT.Building model of safety valve and simulating dynamic characteristic with benefit of AMESim.Verifying accuracy of theoretical analysis and proposing foundation on design of safety valve used in hydraulic support.


The influence of spin in a system of classical particles on the propagation of gravitational waves is analyzed in the cosmological context of primordial thermal equilibrium. On a flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metric, when the precession is neglected, there is no contribution due to the spin to the distribution function of the particles. Adding a small tensor perturbation to the background metric, we study if a coupling between gravitational waves and spin exists that can modify the evolution of the distribution function, leading to new terms in the anisotropic stress, and then to a new source for gravitational waves. In the chosen gauge, the final result is that, in the absence of other kind of perturbations, there is no coupling between spin and gravitational waves.


This study makes an original contribution to the evidence base for service user involvement in the teaching of interpersonal skills. The study is a synthesis of three different types of research activity. Firstly a systematic review which reviews the evidence base for service user involvement in interpersonal skills teaching. This review used inclusion criteria that restricted its scope to research that included elements that used outcomes, either qualitative or quantitative related to mental health service users involvement in teaching interpersonal skills. Four quantitative and eight qualitative studies met the criteria for inclusion. All the quantitative studies were methodologically weak. Qualitative studies lacked clear statements of qualitative methods used. Overall the studies reviewed provided some evidence of the efficacy of service user involvement. Qualitative findings included some negative effects of involvement. The second research approach used was reliability and validity testing of the Observed Assessment of Interpersonal Skills Scale (OAISS) using Factor Analysis and Cronbach's Alpha. The OAISS is an observational instrument intended to measure an observer's impression of another's interpersonal skills


We present extensive ultraviolet (UV) and optical photometric and optical spectroscopic follow-up of supernova (SN) 2021gno by the "Precision Observations of Infant Supernova Explosions" (POISE) project, starting less than two days after the explosion. Given its intermediate luminosity, fast photometric evolution, and quick transition to the nebular phase with spectra dominated by [Ca II] lines, SN 2021gno belongs to the small family of Calcium-rich transients. Moreover, it shows double-peaked light curves, a phenomenon shared with only four other Calcium-rich events. The projected distance from the center of the host galaxy is not as large as other objects in this family. The initial optical light-curve peaks coincide with a very quick decline of the UV flux, indicating a fast initial cooling phase. Through hydrodynamical modelling of the bolometric light curve and line velocity evolution, we found that the observations are compatible with the explosion of a highly-stripped massive star with an ejecta mass of 0.8 M⊙ and a 56Ni mass of 0.024 M⊙. The initial cooling phase (first light curve peak) is explained by the presence of an extended circumstellar material comprising ∼10−2 M⊙ with an extension of 1100 R⊙. We discuss if hydrogen features are present in both maximum-light and nebular spectra, and its implications in terms of the proposed progenitor scenarios for Calcium-rich transients.


The film-induced tourism is defined as the visits of tourists to locations and attractions which have watched on cinema and television. This phenomenon has offered invaluable benefits in the regions featured on audiovisual productions, including Greece, strengthening significantly their economic growth. Nowadays, with the rebirth of television in the landscape entertainment and the digital revolution, a new kind of film-induced tourist has been created. These tourists visit locations that mainly feature on television and internet and not on cinema. This new trend of tourism requires further research and analysis.

The present research examines the influence of recent major television productions such as Game of Thrones and Outlander on their filling locations, i.e. Croatia, Northern Ireland and Scotland. The crucial question on whether Greece would be able to exploit this new tourist trend in order to boost its economic activity is a major issue for this investigation.

The research is mainly based on the quantitative analysis of economic and tourist data from the aforementioned countries. This is a rigour analysis and interpretation of primary research data in combination with the study of management strategy applied from the pre-production to the post-production phase of each television series. The examination of the above evidence in conjunction with the analysis of the current activity of Greece in the area of international productions, leads to specific proposals concerning the following factors: the introduction of economic incentives for foreign filmmakers, the strategic attraction of international television productions and the promotion of Greek sites not internationally known, as filming locations. The present investigation hopes to shed light on the issue of the film-induced tourism management which is related to the economic growth of Greece.


ZnO epitaxial films are grown on sapphire (0001) substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) at temperatures from 200 to 500 /spl deg/C. The half width (FWHM) of rocking curves from these films is greatly improved with increasing the growth temperature, T/sub g/, with a sudden decrease at about T/sub g/= 300 /spl deg/C. The in-plane orientation of ZnO unit cells changes with temperature: no-twist for T/sub g/ = 200 /spl deg/C and 30 /spl deg/twist for T/sub g/ /spl ges/300 /spl deg/C with respect to the unit cell of the substrate. The surface morphology is strongly dependent on growth temperature, with smooth surfaces at low T/sub g/. The emission spectra from the ZnO films are dominated by bound exciton transitions and better emission properties are obtained for Tg > 375 /spl deg/C. Acceptor-related emissions were observed from ZnO films grown at Tg < 300 /spl deg/C, indicating the importance of growth at low temperatures in future applications of ZnO-related oxides.


Aims  To assess Sweet Talk, a text‐messaging support system designed to enhance self‐efficacy, facilitate uptake of intensive insulin therapy and improve glycaemic control in paediatric patients with Type 1 diabetes.


Two bacterial strains, Pseudomonas sp. CO-1 and CO-44, capable of degrading 4-chlorophenol, were isolated from coking wastewater collected from Shaoguan, Guangdong, South of China. The optimum conditions for 4-chlorophenol degradation by these two strains were pH 6.0~8.0 and temperatures 35~40 ℃. The degradation rate of 4-chlorophenol was negatively related with the initial concentration of 4-chlorophenol in mineral salt medium. Both strains could degrade phenol and cresols, strain CO-1 also could degrade 1-naphthyl phenol and naphthalene. Approximately 300mg/L phenol and 100mg/L cresols in coking wastewater as well as 100mg/L 4-chlorophenol supplemented were completely degraded within 42 hours at 2% inoculum rate. Phenol hydroxylase gene were detected from both two strains, in addition to catechol 1,2-dioxygenase gene and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase gene were detected from strain CO-1 and CO-44 respectively.


Based on a new concept, a low power electrostatic thruster is being developed for its application to 50 kg class satellite, which is named "Microwave Engine". To evaluate the feasibility of its accelerating mechanism, the flight demonstration of a plasma thruster is implemented under microgravity. The same accelerating mechanism as Mkrowave Engine is applied to the plasma thruster although there is a difference in the mechanism of generating plasma. The flight demonstrator utilizes the glow discharge while the microwave discharge is applied to Mkrowave Engine. In this study, the thrust is estimated based on the flight path of the plasma thruster under microgravity, the swing of its pendulum under 1G and the beam theory of its copper wires* These corresponding thrusts are 036 mN, 0.20 mN and 0.11 mN, respectively. As a result, the reasonable flight performance validates the accelerating mechanism of Microwave Engine.


Paper map is available for circulation from the GRMC on the second floor of Bracken Library. Copies of the map may be printed using the large plotter. For educational research or exhibits or classroom use.


Abstract With easy access to satellite imagery through free applications such as Google Earth, it is now financially feasible for archaeologists to undertake remote survey in areas that are difficult or impossible to access in person. But there are ethical concerns inherent in the use of remotely sensed images, as Google Earth might be seen as a panoptic viewing technology that leaves no voice to those being viewed. Through a virtual investigation of the Camp Delta prison camp at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, I discuss methodological and theoretical aspects of the use of Google Earth in archaeology.


Aims Plasticity in biomass allocation of plants under different growing conditions is often assumed to be adaptive. Biomass allocation patterns in clonal plants are usually different from those in non-clonal plants due to clonal architecture and clonal morphology. de Kroon and Schieving (1991) published a model to predict the likely pattern of biomass allocation to spacers (i.e., stolons or rhizomes) as resource supply varies. The model predicted that under moderate resource levels, clonal plants would allocate more biomass to spacers to efficiently utilize resources. The aim of this study is to experimentally test this prediction. Methods In a greenhouse experiment, Potentilla reptans var. sericophylla plants were subjected to eight levels (i.e., N1 to N8 in decreasing order) of nutrient supply. N1 was equivalent to 600 kg nitrogen as NH4NO3, 240 kg phosphorus as NaH2PO4 and 600 kg K as KCl per ha per year. N2 to N8 were 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.13%, 1.57% and 0 of N1, respectively. The experiment started on April 6, 2003 and ended on June 3, 2003. Important findings Potentilla reptans var. sericophylla had greater biomass, produced more stolons and had longer stolon internodes at moderate levels (i.e., N3 and N4 treatments) of nutrient supply. Biomass allocation to different plant organs (roots, stolons, laminae and petioles) responded greatly to nutrient treatments. With decreasing nutrient supply, biomass allocation to laminae and petioles decreased, whereas that to roots increased. Biomass allocation to stolons tended to be the highest at moderate levels (N3, N4) of nutrient supply and became smaller at both lower and higher nutrient conditions. Patterns of biomass allocation to stolons in P. reptans var. sericophylla under different levels of nutrient supply agree with the model prediction of de Kroon and Schieving (1991), suggesting that allocating more biomass to spacers (i.e., stolons or rhizomes) at moderate nutrient levels enables clonal plants to efficiently utilize resources.


The length of the vibrating arm in the package size-reduced to provide a longer tuning-fork vibrator. Tuning fork type vibrator 11, a package 60 having a rectangular columnar internal space 62, the first tuning-fork having a second fixed arm 23 extending from the resonating arm 22 and the base 21 of the base 21,2 present in an oblique vibration and a strip 20. Tuning fork type resonator element 20 of the tuning-fork vibrator 11 is fixed to the package 60 is accommodated obliquely package 60 within the distal end portion of each fixed arm 23.


Obesity must be due to overeating, although it may result indirectly from other abnormalities. Simpson (1951) described a type of obesity in children as a minor endocrine disorder, and named the syndrome " adipose gynandrism" in boys and "adipose gynism" in girls. On the other hand, Wilkins (1957) states that endocrine abnormality is rarely encountered in obese children; and Newburgh (1942), in a review of the subject, found no evidence that obesity in children was directly due to endocrine imbalance.


An article in the journal Al-Qanṭara on the passage through France of various Moriscos who eventually reached Tunisia, forces to recognize about the movements of Moriscos in the period between their expulsion from Spain and their settlement in various new areas. The article covers organisational peculiarities of the Moriscos in France immediately after 1609. The Moriscos were retained in their places of origin or residence by certain regulations, and this led many of them to feel the urge to flee over a period which lasted until the time of their definitive expulsion from Spain. The Moriscos started to use the route to Saint Jean de Luz just before the Expulsion and during the years that it lasted, and in doing so they took advantage of the existing infrastructure of the judeoconverso colony. In 1612, the Morisco spy Gabriel Carmona Venegas wrote an aviso on the state of affairs in France. Keywords: France; Gabriel Carmona Venegas; judeoconverso colony; Moriscos; Saint Jean de Luz; Spain


Typically, cost–benefit analysis (CBA) has suggested 'optimal' carbon tax regimes that result in a global temperature rise of around 3 °C, or even eventually (post-2100) 4 °C, above preindustrial levels. However, risk analysis approaches indicate that these levels of temperature rise result in climate change impacts that pose a high or very high level of risk to society and ecosystems1 (Fig. 1). Thus, the risk analysis approach has generally indicated that higher levels of climate change mitigation are needed, for example, to constrain global mean temperature rise to around 2 °C above pre-industrial. A particularly controversial aspect of CBA is the representation of consumer preferences relating to the future. These assumptions are the strongest drivers of CBA outcomes. Writing in Nature Climate Change, Benjamin Crost and Christian Traeger2 describe an improved approach to determining consumer preferences in CBA — called Epstein-Zin utility — that leads to a lower level of optimal climate change (that is, the level of climate change achieved through carbon taxes set at an 'optimal' level through which economic resources are distributed in a way that maximizes welfare) and results in a temperature increase of approximately 2 °C by 2100, bringing the implications of CBA closer to those of risk assessment. In CBA, optimal carbon taxes are derived by maximizing economic consumption over time, taking into account the combined effects of taxation and climate change damages. This insight arises from recent developments in finance that separate consumers' preferences about time and risk: Crost and Traeger call this a 'disentangled' approach2. Previously, CBA has mainly relied on the assumption that consumers are just as concerned about short-term fluctuations in consumption as they are about the risk of future consumption loss. In fact, observed market data do not support this assumption3. The data show that consumers prefer to sacrifice consumption in one period to get it back with certainty later, rather than gamble over whether the future has greater or smaller consumption. In other words, the new approach "distinguishes risk aversion from the desire to smooth consumption over time"2 — a concept traditionally expressed as a single parameter known as the elasticity of the marginal utility of consumption. The authors' approach better fits market observations than the traditional one. Crost and Traeger apply this approach within the DICE2007 model4, an integrated assessment model of climate and the economy used mainly to inform climate policy in the US. The result is a doubling of the optimal carbon tax and emission abatement, resulting in a peak and decline of global temperature trends, which remain close to 2 °C in 2100 and peak at about ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS


The levels of circulating angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors, namely vascular endothelial growth factor–A (VEGF-A) and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (sVEGFR-1), have been linked to the development of renal dysfunction due to the proliferation of microvasculature within the kidneys of type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients. The study aims to scrutinize serum levels of VEGF and sVEGFR-1 in a sample of Iraqi diabetic nephropathy patients to support their reliability as markers for the prediction of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients as well as to assess the ACE inhibitor's effect on the levels of these two markers. Method: The ninety participants of this case-control study were split into three groups: thirty-five patients with T2DM and an equal number of patients with DN and the third group involve twenty apparently healthy individuals as the control group. The two diabetic groups have been further divided into four groups according to the ACE inhibitors use. Laboratory measurements involve the glycemic indices, renal function test with serum VEGF-A and sVEGFR-1. Results: the median serum levels of VEGF-A show valuable discrepancies between the three groups (p-value<0.05) but for sVEGFR-1 it doesn't show a notable difference between the DM and the DN groups only(p-value> 0.05).


Objective To evaluate three methods of detecting CSF in the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis.Methods 150 patients were divided into two groups:the group consisting of 73 patients of tuberculous meningitis,and control group,with 77 patients. All the patients underwent CSF,including the routine test,biochemistry,cytology(MGG dye),adenosine deaminase(ADA)test,and immunofluorescence demonstration of mycobacterial antigens in the cytoplasm of monocytes at the same time.Results Cytology of TBM group showed a mixed cell response in CSF,with a positive rate of 82.2% which control group had a positive rate of 27.2%.The sensitivity of ADA test was 89%,the specificity 80.5%,positive predictive value 81.2%,and negative predictive value 91.2%.Detected antigens in monocytes showed a sensitivity of 84.9%,but they were all negative in the control group.The specificity was 100%,positive predictive value 100%,and negative predictive value 87.5%.Conclusions The specificity and positive predictive value of demonstration of mycobacterial antigens in the cytoplasm of monocytes are the best among the three methods and diagnosis may be improved by combining several tests.


Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the acceptability of a physiotherapeutic pain treatment (Pain School), focusing on patient education, physical exercises and self-reliance, and a capacity building program developed for MENA based physiotherapists working with pain and trauma-affected populations.Method: The perceived benefits and challenges of the physiotherapy Pain School treatment were evaluated through qualitative interviews with seven physiotherapists participating in the Pain School training program. The acceptability and feasibility of the treatment manual and training program of the physiotherapists was evaluated. The preliminary results of the Pain School treatment were also analyzed with a paired-sample t-test pre- and post-treatment in 38 patients suffering from persistent pain and trauma-related stress in the MENA region.
Results: The qualitative analysis showed good feasibility and high acceptance among the participating physiotherapists of this physiotherapeutic treatment and training program. The pre- to post-treatment evaluation of Pain School, also gave an indication of positive treatment effects. Monitoring and evaluation of treatment was found useful, but indications of mental health status were evaluated to be missing. Due to other limitations, such as author biases (authors carrying out training, interviews and analyzing qualitative results) and no control group, the results from this study do not provide a final conclusion on the training program nor treatment effects. Nevertheless, this study is an important first step to offer evidence-based standardized treatment for pain and trauma-affected populations in the MENA region.


The author claims that for the price of 1% of the international arms race worldwide infant deaths could be controlled eventually resulting in appropriate birth rates as happened in the west. Historically Sweden founded the Central Statistical Institute in 1749 to learn why the population was stagnating. They found that infant mortality was to blame. Local doctors midwives and priests encouraged breast feeding especially in summer when diarrhea killed many children. Infant mortality fell from 200-400/1000 live births to around 100/1900 to 7/1000 today. The population eventually tripled in size between 1750 and 1900. After that the birth rate fell to one of the lowest in the world. Today worldwide the major causes of infant death are diarrheal and respiratory infections and diseases preventable by immunization. Many of these deaths could be avoided by exclusive breast feeding considered very rare in developing societies. A few countries notably Costa Rica Cuba and China have cut child deaths largely by public health measures and by education on breast feeding and oral rehydration. The cost of such programs is approximately what neighboring countries such as Guatemala spend on armies.


This study examines the relation between Ericsson's stock price and the information published in the media about Ericsson. We have selected a number of events that took place during the years 1999 ...