Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are highly versatile materials that have been identified as promising candidates for membrane‐based gas separation applications due to their uniformly narrow pore windows and virtually unlimited structural and chemical features. Defect engineering of MOFs has opened new opportunities for manipulating MOF structures, providing a simple yet efficient approach for enhancing membrane separation. However, the utilization of this strategy to tailor membrane microstructures and enhance separation performance is still in its infancy. Thus, this summary aims to provide a guideline for tailoring defective MOF‐based membranes. Recent developments in defect engineering of MOF‐based membranes will be discussed, including the synthesis strategies for defective MOFs, the effects of defects on the gas adsorption properties, gas transport mechanisms, and recently reported defective MOF‐based membranes. Furthermore, the emerging challenges and future prospects will be outlined. Overall, defect engineering offers an exciting opportunity to improve the performance of MOF‐based gas membranes. However, there is still a long way to go to fully understand the influence of defects on MOF properties and optimize the design of MOF‐based membranes for specific gas separation applications. Nonetheless, continued research in this field holds great promise for the development of next‐generation membrane‐based gas separation technologies.


There are many applications of optimization and nonlinear analysis in various fields of basic science, engineering, and natural phenomena [...]


Topological semimetals describe electronic states which have band-touching points or lines on the Fermi energy and which often display stable surface states and intriguing bulk topological responses. Recently, many novel topological semimetals, including Weyl/Dirac semimetals, have been theoretically predicted, and soon after their prediction their existence was experimentally confirmed. In this article, we review the recent progress in the study of a three-dimensional Dirac/Weyl semimetal in particular, focusing on how to classify possible Dirac/Weyl semimetals based on the crystalline symmetries of periodic solids.


A linear combination of Dirichlet -functions which are known not to have an Euler product is considered. It is proved that the interval contains for an arbitrary constant 0$ SRC=http://ej.iop.org/images/0025-5726/16/1/A04/tex_im_1296_img3.gif/> more than zeros for . Bibliography: 9 titles.


Imagine you're facing a particular gamble in a casino. This might be the decision to hit a hard 16 against the dealer's 10 (with a true count of 0), to place a bet on red (or black) at the roulette table or to call another player's all-in poker bet when they have two overcards to your low pair. How do and how should individuals think about these gambles? The answer to that question has changed over time. This article traces the history of models of risk-taking from the early 1600s to the present day. Initially individuals used expected value as the deciding criteria. After Bernoulli provided a convincing counterexample in 1738, the field moved to models of expected utility. More recently, psychologists and economists demonstrated that individuals violate the axioms of expected utility, and prospect theory was introduced by Kahne-man and Tversky in 1979 to better capture how we value gambles. Expected Value The first gamble valuation method proposed is that of expected value. Here, you calculate the probability of any given outcome occurring and multiply that by the dollar amount of the outcome. For example, a 50% chance of winning $110 is worth $55, while a 50% chance of losing $100 is worth-$50. Combining the two, this gamble is worth on net $5 and you should take it. However, in 1738 Bernoulli suggested a problem with this method of valuing gambles. The problem is based on the famous St. Petersburg Paradox. In this story, imagine that a fair coin will be tossed until a head appears. If the head appears on the nth toss, then the holder of this gamble wins 2 n ducats. Since there are no losses in this gamble it is clear that any individual would take it if it were offered for free. The question then becomes, how much would you pay for this gamble? If you use expected valuation to answer this question, the answer is infinite. To see this, note that the probability of getting a head on the first flip is 1/2, on the second (and not the first) is 1/4, etc. So the expected value for this gamble is: This paradox made it clear that expected value was not a good way to value this EV 1 2 n-⎝ ⎠ ⎛ ⎞ 2 n n 1 = ∞ ∑ ∞ = = gamble, nor was it descriptive of how people actually …


The invention provides a self-propelled cleaning device charging method and a charging device. The method comprises the following steps: a charging device is provided with a bearing zone, a bearing seat is formed below the charging device, the inner part of the bearing seat is provided with a signal emitting element capable of emitting guiding signals, the bearing seat in the bearing zone is provided with electric conduction terminals capable of electric power output, a self-propelled cleaning device is provided with a detection unit for detecting guiding signals and the electric conduction terminals used for a charging purpose, the detection unit moves to the charging device to detect guiding signals of the signal emitting element of the charging device, the detection unit is enabled to stop moving at a preset distance from the charging device, and the electric conduction terminals of the charging unit of the self-propelled cleaning device is enabled to be connected electrically with the electric conduction terminals of the charging device in a man-operated manner, and therefore a charging purpose can be realized.


The analog-to-digital converter is provided. An analog-to-digital converter of the present invention generate the divided voltage by the 1/2 power of the full scale voltage, and 1/2 multiplier voltage generator to output one of the generated divided voltage; Accumulator for updating the reference voltage in accordance with the divided voltage output and an output bit; And by comparing the voltage of the updated reference voltage and the input signal comprises a comparator for generating the next output bit of the output bits, it is possible to reduce the area required to implement the ADC through it. Sequential approximation, ADC, accumulator, SAR


Herbs are God and nature's gifts to us. While the u se of herbs and remedies has brought excellent results for many people, garlic health benefits inc lude antibacterial and anti-septic properties and it is used extensively in treating conditions such as candida overgrowth. Garlic also functions as an excellent mosquito repellent. It has been establ i hed that garlic contains antioxidants that help destroy free radicals. Free radicals when accumulat ed have the potential to create a lot of damage at the cellular level, which then results in premat ure aging. Garlic has long been considered a herbal "wonder drug", with a reputation in folklore for preventing everything from the common cold and flu . It has been used extensively in herb al medicine Garlic does indeed have scientifically-proven medicinal properties. It con tai s a substance called Allicin, which has antibacterial properties that are equivalent to weak pe nicillin. Raw garlic is used by some to treat the symptoms of acne and there is some evidence that it c n assist in managing. Garlic has been used for many years to prevent health problems including colds, flu, menstrual pain, high blood pressure, coughs, gastrointestinal problems, athero scl r sis, and bronchitis. Garlic has been proven to kill various fungal infections, viruses, bacteria, and intestinal parasites. The use of garlic in cultural and traditional settings may dif fer from concepts accepted by current Western medicine. When considering the use of herbal supple ments, consultation with a primary health care professional is advisable. Additionally, consu ltation with a practitioner trained in the uses of herbal/health supplements may be beneficial, and co ordination of treatment among all health care providers involved may be advantageous. Garlic ppears to have anti-bacterial and anti-viral properties.


We have identified polarization division multiplex to be advantageous for capacity doubling of fiber spans with a given amplification bandwidth, due to its superior sensitivity, good polarization mode dispersion tolerance and terminal equipment simplicity.


People have always needed reminders, from tying a knot around the finger
 to writing a to-do list. The types of reminders have changed with the addition
 of modern technology, but the need is still the same. Technologies that use
 temporal events can be seen in many places, such as electronic calendars that
 remind users to go to a meeting a few minutes in advance.
 With the recent release of Google's Android platform, developers now have
 the opportunity to create applications that use spatial events, such as location reminders. This thesis explores how location reminders can be used, by
 implementing a location based shopping list for the Android platform.
 The primary and secondary use cases for a location based shopping list were
 identified, and the primary use cases were thouroughly described by studying
 how a paper shopping list works. Several user interface designs were described,
 and the best design was chosen by comparing the different designs' strengths
 and weaknesses.
 A prototype that implemented the primary use cases was implemented and
 tested on an HTC G1 smart phone. The tests included an acceptance test, unit
 tests, a usability test, and a field test.
 The results of the usability tests suggested that the prototype was easy to
 use and user friendly, but inconclusive in whether the implemented prototype
 was as fast to use as a paper shopping list.
 Field testing showed that location reminders only worked well using GPS
 and not with Cell-ID positioning on the G1 smart phone. The smart phone,
 however, became unusable because the GPS used too much power.
 The work done demonstrated that it is possible to implement applications that
 use location reminders for the Android platform, but the G1 hardware is still
 not capable to support location based applications.


The International Economic Association - Acknowledgements - List of Contributors and Participants - Abbreviations and Acronyms - Introduction Takashi Shiraishi and Shigeto Tsuru - Keynote Address - Economics of Institutions or Institutional Economics Shigeto Tsuru - Part I Market and Institutions: Roles of Multinationals and Transnationals - Market and Institutions Siro Lombardini - Comment Andrew Schotter - Discussion - Japanese Transnational Corporations: The Changing Pacific Rim Economy with special reference to A View from Australia Edward L.Wheelwright and Greg J.Crough - Comment Moriaki Tsuchiya - Discussion - Part II Economic Theories and Institutions: Economic System, Planning and Transition - Mechanisms and Institutions Leonid Hurwicz - Comment Mikiro Otsuki - Discussion - Institutional Change for the Future: Socialist Experience and New Horizons Josef Pajestka - Comment Masayuki Iwata - Discussion - Part III Technological Change and Institutions: Development of Information Technologies - The Japanese Firm as an Innovative Institution Nathan Rosenberg and Masahiko Aoki - Comment Giovanni Dosi - Discussion - The Effect of Innovations in Information Technology on Corporate and Industrial Organisation in Japan Masu Uekusa - Comment Tadao Kagono - Discussion - Part IV Incentives for Changing Society and Institutional Development: Significance of Privatisation - The State and the Market: The UK Experience of Privatisation John A.Kay - Comments Yataro Fujii and Jun Ikegami - Discussion - Part V Review and Conclusions Phyllis Deane, Hirofumi Uzawa, Ken'ichi Imai, Edmond Malinvaud, Tigran Khachaturov, Michael Kaser - Index


It is desirable that mobile robots applied to real world applications perform their operations in previously unknown environments. Thus, a mobile robot architecture capable of adaptation is very suitable. This work presents an adaptive architecture for mobile robots called AAREACT, that has the ability of learning how to coordinate primitive behaviors codified by the Potential Fields method through reinforcement learning. Each behavior uses the information of a single sensor (vision, sonar or odometer). This work also brings details about the vision sensor's development, which uses time-to-crash information in order to detect distances to frontal obstacles. The proposed architecture's actuation is compared to that showed by an architecture that performs a fixed coordination of its behaviors, and shows a better performance. The obtained results also suggest that AAREACT has good adaptation skills.


A new dc TFEL device having a blue‐emitting CaS:Pb active layer and a ZnS barrier layer was fabricated using atomic layer deposition technique. This device shows the threshold voltage of 17 V, the maximum luminescence of 85 cd/m2 at 46 V, and the luminous efficiency ranging from 0.36 to 0.12 lm/W.


This study aimed to explore an elementary school fourth-grade teacher's mathematics teaching on "equivalent fractions". The writer gathered information by "video recording in classroom" and "video recording of interviews after class", including "equivalent fractions", "identifying equivalent fractions", and "comparing simple fractions with different denominators". Below are some findings of this study in "control of teaching materials", "facilitating student learning" and "active interaction between teacher and students": 1. Control of Teaching Materials Ms. Du's design of main questions did not meet her teaching goals as she did not allow the students' experience to expand fractions through practical fractionization. When students had problems, she would guide them to discuss important equivalent fractions concepts and proceed to explore the cause. In addition to enhancing students' post-curriculum exercise by math practice, Ms. Du would give a "learning sheet" to accumulate their solving experience. 2. Facilitating Students' Learning Before Ms. Du gave out questions, she would examine the students' prior knowledge in equivalent fractions and comparing fractions with common denominators. Ms. Du would assist students to understand the questions by highlighting some keywords. When students had difficulty, she would give individual guidance after class and then demonstrate how to solve the questions once again. Ms. Du would also discuss a certain student's answer with the entire class. Alternatively, when the student did not know how to explain it, she would ask another student to come to help. Regarding students of different levels, Ms. Du would offer different successful solving experiences to them separately. In equivalent fractions teaching, some occasional events in class such as students collecting learning accessories would affect Ms. Du's effective teaching time. 3. Active Interaction Between Teacher and Students In Ms. Du's math class, interaction took place by the teacher asking questions and the students answering together, or the teacher appointing a student to answer, etc. When a student solved a question successfully, Ms. Du would praise him or her by saying "Good", "Excellent", and so on. And when the students did not meet her expectation, Ms. Du would question or even negate their thoughts. In the class, "raising hand before speaking" had become a tacit understanding between the teacher and students in math communication.


Banks are the backbone of the financial sector and catalysts in the economic development of any country. Current changes in their global business ecosystem make knowledge of about the fund-supplying and fund-demanding parties of the society a key resource for the fulfillment of banks' investment and saving functions. This paper addresses the relationship between the performance and a learning culture that is supported by knowledge processes within the organization. Given the relevance of this subject for organizations from most knowledge-intensive domains, this research has focused on the Spanish banking sector. Using a structural equation model, feedback received from 215 employees from 142 individual branches from a major banking institution in Spain is studied. The results of the data analysis show that in addition to maximizing on what is already known about the customer base, employees' learning about the potential new stakeholders and also about the internal strategies, tools, and techniques is directly related to the bank's performance, which, in turn, influences the economic recovery and socio-economic development. Results support that an active pursuit of learning within the context of the organization is required for banks to remain competitive in the dynamic, global business ecosystem, where international, national, and local banking sectors operate.


2 0 0 7 • Vo l I I I s sue V I igh hopes have come true, or so it seems for the farm sector in 2007. At the beginning of the year, a rush of optimism spread through the U.S. farm sector after strong ethanol demand fueled a sharp rise in crop prices in 2006. Increased precipitation, bountiful harvests, robust demand, and high prices fueled a surge in U.S. farm incomes and spurred a wave of spending on farm real estate and farm equipment. The outlook for 2008 also appears bright, as futures markets indicate persistently high prices. The agricultural sector, however, is not without risks. Thinner ethanol profits, higher input costs, straining grain storage and transportation systems, and nervous financial markets are just some issues threatening the ag outlook. This article examines the rise in farm spending that has resulted from record farm incomes and highlights some of the risks to the agricultural outlook for 2008.


A simple linear antenna, such as a dipole antenna is ordinary employed in precision electromagnetic field measurements. A balance-unbalance transformer (balun) is a key for the successful measurement since the unbalanced current on the antenna degrades its performance. In the present paper effects of the imperfect balun characteristics on the radiated field from a dipole antenna are investigated.


On the basis of the theory of sustainable development, the regional complex system was divided into four subsystems: resource subsystem, environment subsystem, economy subsystem, and society subsystem. A structural frame of an index system was designed for evaluation of the regional sustainable development by consideration of the effects of the development level of the four subsystems and their coordinated operation on the sustainable development, and an operating mode for the regional REES system was established. Furthermore, the principal component analysis method was put forward to determine the development level of each subsystem, the regression analysis method was used to determine the level of their coordinated development, and a method was provided for the evaluation of regional sustainable development.


Objective: To determine the e€ects of itraconazole, a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4, on the pharmacokinetics of cerivastatin, a competitive 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, cross-over study design with two phases, which were separated by a washout period of 4 weeks, was used. In each phase ten healthy volunteers took 200 mg itraconazole or matched placebo orally once daily for 4 days according to a randomization schedule. On day 4, 0.3 mg cerivastatin was administered orally. Serum concentrations of cerivastatin, its major metabolites, active and total HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, itraconazole and hydroxyitraconazole were measured up to 24 h. Results: Itraconazole increased the area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to in®nity (AUC0±¥) of the parent cerivastatin by 15% (P < 0.05). The mean peak serum concentration (Cmax) of cerivastatin lactone was increased 1.8-fold (range 1.1-fold to 2.4-fold, P < 0.001) and the AUC0±24 h 2.6-fold (range 2.0-fold to 3.6-fold, P < 0.001) by itraconazole. The elimination half-life (t1/2) of cerivastatin lactone was increased 3.2-fold (P < 0.001). Itraconazole decreased the AUC0±24 h of the active M-1 metabolite of cerivastatin by 28% (P < 0.05), whereas the AUC0±24 h of the more active metabolite, M-23, was increased by 36% (P < 0.05). The AUC0±24 h and t1/2 of active HMGCoA reductase inhibitors were increased by 27% (P < 0.05) and 40% (P < 0.05), respectively, by itraconazole. Conclusions: Itraconazole has a modest interaction with cerivastatin. Inhibition of the CYP3A4-mediated M-1 metabolic pathway leads to elevated serum concentrations of cerivastatin, cerivastatin lactone and metabolite M-23, resulting in increased concentrations of active HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.


Single vehicle road departure (SVRD) accidents lead to over 1/3 of highway fatalities in the United States. A steering assist controller to reduce SVRD accidents is proposed. Previous studies using driving simulator data illustrate that the parametric uncertainty can represent the change in driver steering behaviour during long driving task. The uncertainty results show that occasionally the driver can perform very poorly. A serial steering control approach is investigated. The controller is used to attempt robust performance under the influence of driver uncertainty. A robust Smith predictor controller is employed to handle the delay in the driver model. The results indicate that the poor stability situations are successfully avoided and robust stability is achieved. However, due to large variations in driver behaviour, robust performance is not achieved. An adaptive version of the robust Smith predictor controller is shown to reduce the uncertainty in the driver model. The designed controllers are evaluated using frequency domain analyses and computer simulations.


Objective: To study the effect of isometric hand grip exercise at 20% on normotensive, treated hypertensive, and non treated hypertensive in supine position, and at 30 0 and 60 0 head up tilt. Material and Methods: After recording heart rate in supine position, isometric hand grip exercise at 20% was conducted for 2 minutes with dominant hand and heart rate was recorded for 1 minute in all subjects after end of the exercise. The same maneuver was repeated before head up tilt in supine position and during head up tilt (30 0 and 60 0 ) in normotensive (n=104), treated hypertensive (n=76), and non treated (n=32) hypertensive individuals. Result: Isometric hand grip exercise at 20% resulted in mild increase in heart rate which was within normal limits of heart rate in all study groups. Similarly decrease in heart rate was observed in the some of the age groups. Conclusion: Isometric hand grip exercise at 20% caused marginal increase in heart rate in all study groups which was recorded within normal physiological range with decreased sympathetic stimulation and vagal modulation caused by isometric handgrip training.


Due to the short investment time of the new equipment, the materiel consumption and maintenance data is not much. As a result, its demand prediction belongs to the prediction of small sample data. Since general demand prediction methods are difficult to predict the materiel demand of new equipment, an applicable and efficient prediction method should be explored to solve the problem. Therefore, combining grey prediction theory and least square support vector machine and operating accumulative generation on the original data sequence to extract its deep law characteristic, the new equipment materiel demand prediction model based on Grey Least Square Support Vector Machine (GLSSVM) was established, and the model's parameters was optimized by SIWPSO. Finally an example was set using Neural Network, traditional LSVSM and GLSSVM to predict the materiel demand of new equipment X to verify the accuracy and effectiveness of GLSSVM. The result shows that the prediction precision of GLSSVM is superior to the other two methods.


The basic problem of capital structure theory is the relationship between value of firm's capital structure and business.In western economic circles,around this fundamental issue a comprehensive in-depth study is carried on,and forming a number of different capital structure theory.Since the 70 years in 20th century,as information economics,principal-agent theory,and other modern analytical tools induced into the capital structure analysis,capital structure theory had a new development,and there were a series of new perspectives to explain the capital structure.in many schools,some representative theory as follow:agency cost theory,signaling theory and pecking order theory.


Nirmalya KumarCorporations in the developed world increasingly see India as a high-growth market and its companies as acquirers of their assets, global competitors, partners for enhancing the competitiveness of their global value chain and a source of new energy and dreams for the world economy. How did this all happen? shares the essence of what he learned from 10 trips to India to interview more than 30 CEOs and top executives who are unleashing the new global power of Indian firms. Nirmalya Kumar


This paper presents a new analysis method for estimating the statistical parameters of random telegraph noise (RTN). RTN is characterized by the time constants of carrier capture and emission, and associated changes of threshold voltage. Because trap activities are projected on to the threshold voltage, the separation of time constants and amplitude for each trap is an ill-posed problem. The proposed method solves this problem by statistical method that can reflect the physical generation process of RTN. By using Gibbs sampling algorithm developed in statistical machine learning community, we decompose the measured threshold voltage sequence to time constants and amplitude of each trap. We also demonstrate that the proposed method estimates time constants about 2.1 times more accurately than the existing work that uses hidden Markov model, which contributes to enhance the accuracy of reliability-aware circuit simulation.


Despite advances in many countries, notably the recent declaration that China is now malaria free, malaria remains entrenched in Africa, where over 90% of malaria morbidity and mortality is seen. In the past, Africa suffered greatly from the effects of resistance to chloroquine, the mainstay of malaria treatment for decades, with increasing mortality from Plasmodium falciparum over the last decades of the 20th century. These increases were turned around early this century, with an estimated 57% decrease in the rate of malaria deaths from 2000 to 2015. A major factor contributing to this decrease was availability of highly effective artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) to treat malaria. Although ACTs helped to stem the rising tide of malaria mortality in Africa, they faltered in Asia, with delayed clearance of parasites after treatment with artemisinins, generally referred to as artemisinin resistance (or partial resistance), first identified in Cambodia more than a decade ago. Important studies have documented the spread of artemisinin resistance through the Greater Mekong subregion, the association of resistance with mutations in the P. falciparum kelch13 (K13) gene, and loss of treatment efficacy of some ACTs, notably artesunate-mefloquine and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, as emergence of resistance to partner drugs followed that to artemisinins. Of great concern is the potential for spread of ACT resistance (failures due to resistance to both components of the combination) to Africa, with a repeat of what was seen with chloroquine resistance in the last century, with many excess deaths due to the inability of available therapies to effectively treat falciparum malaria. At present, most evidence suggests that multiple ACTs continue to offer excellent therapeutic efficacy against malaria in Africa. Yet, some recent reports suggest that we may be seeing early signs of ACT resistance, as will be discussed below. More than 100 different mutations have been identified in the P. falciparum K13 gene, with 10 deemed validated markers of artemisinin resistance and another 11, with more limited available data, considered candidate or associated markers by the WHO. Recently, some of these mutations have been seen to emerge in Africa. The K13 561H mutation, a validated resistance marker, has been seen at up to 20% prevalence at sites in Rwanda, and it was associated with delayed parasite clearance (but not treatment failure of artemether-lumefantrine) in a clinical trial. Two other K13 mutations that are candidate (675V) or associated (469Y) resistance markers have been seen at prevalences over 10% at multiple sites in northern Uganda, and unpublished reports have described additional relevant mutations seen in other countries. The full clinical implications of these K13 mutations are as yet unclear, but recent trials in Rwanda and Uganda have shown excellent ACT treatment efficacy, perhaps due to continued excellent efficacy of artemisinin partner drugs. However, there is concern that Africa may see the pattern experienced in southeast Asia, with emergence of artemisinin resistance followed by decreased activity of partner drugs and then emergence of true ACT resistance. In fact, other data suggest that such resistance may already be emerging in Africa. The WHO uses a cutoff of 90% to define acceptable malaria treatment efficacy. Use of a precise cutoff is somewhat problematic because measured efficacy may vary based on factors independent of drug resistance, including the immunity and genetics of local populations and details of trial design and data analysis, in particular varied molecular methods and analyses to distinguish recrudescences (true treatment failures) from new infections after therapy. Nonetheless, consideration of treatment efficacy over time is important. Most studies of approved ACTs (artemether-lumefantrine, artesunate-amodiaquine, dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, artesunate-mefloquine, and artesunate-pyronaridine) conducted in Africa in recent years following standard WHO protocols have shown excellent treatment efficacy. However, there have been important exceptions. A series of four studies conducted every 2 years in Angola from 2013 to 2019 showed treatment efficacies (values provided below were corrected by molecular methods to discriminate recrudescences from new infections, although analytical approaches varied) for artemether-lumefantrine below 90% for Zaire Province in 2013 and 2015 (but not 2017 or 2019) and for Lunda Sul Province in 2019; efficacies for the other tested ACTs (artesunateamodiaquine and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine) were mostly. 95%. A new report in this issue of the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene describes the results of ACT treatment trials conducted at four sites in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in 2017–2018. Most efficacies were . 90%, but in Mikalayi, which is near the border with Zaire Province, Angola, treatment efficacy was 86% for artemether-lumefantrine and 84% for dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine. Even more striking results were recently reported from Burkina Faso, with treatment efficacies of 74% and 76% for artemether-lumefantrine and 89% and 84% for dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine noted in two provinces. Importantly, the relatively low efficacy values in Angola and DRC were derived from a Bayesian algorithm for outcome assignment that can identify higher failure rates than the standard algorithm recommended by the WHO, and results from Burkina Faso are arguably difficult to interpret due to deviations from standard WHO protocols. Interestingly, for the reported studies from Angola, DRC, and Burkina Faso, sequencing did not identify K13 mutations associated with artemisinin resistance in southeast Asia. *Address correspondence to Philip J. Rosenthal, Department of Medicine, University of California, Box 0811, San Francisco, CA 94946. E-mail: email@example.com


This practice plan was carried out at the Farm Infant Jesus of Good Hope, with vulnerable population. This practice takes place mainly in two areas: individual clinical intervention and psychoeducational intervention. On the first axis, will be from a psychoanalytic orientation, which allows the rescue by the peculiarity of the subject, characteristic of this clinic is not in principle treat the symptom of the subject, but it is necessary to build a space for what is subjective, where children and young people achieve order something of its history, being questioned about his position "and thus begin to rebuild some of its particular history. With regard to psycho-educational intervention spaces are developed oriented notions of sexuality, life projects and workshops of psychoactive substances in order to prevent and promote best practice on issues that require social demand as much of the population has had direct contact with this type of practice.


The experience of applying of scattered waves interpretation to search for perspective fracture reservoir in complex geotectonic conditions is considered. The field of scattered waves is extracted from full wave field by the CSPD method. Interpretation is carried out in directions from reservoir macro attributes to local delineation of exploratory drilling objects.


This paper proposes a Log-Euclidean metric (LEM)-based signal detector with a manifold filter in the framework of matrix information geometry to deal with the problem of detection of signals in the background of noise or clutter. In particular, the problem of signal detection is reformulated into the problem of discriminating two matrices on the manifold. At the design stage, we assume that the sample data is modelled as a Hermitian positive-definite (HPD) matrix. A geometric median detector is designed by resorting to the LEM on the HPD matrix manifold. The geometric median is very robust to outliers that are caused by the interference or the variation of clutter power. Additionally, we design a manifold-to-manifold projection by employing the manifold filter to derive a more discriminative manifold with the same dimension. Signal detection on this manifold can yield a significant performance improvement. Numerical results show that the proposed detector achieves a detection performance improvement over the conventional detectors and its state-of-the-art counterpart, especially in cases of limited data and interference environment.


This article deals with psychological and pedagogical aspects of the problem of development of junior teenagers' comprehension. It points out the interference of development of art works perception with practical art activity in formation of art taste.


We present a newly developed 32-pixel high-speed 2D photodetector array operated at up to 39 Gbaud, and its application for WDM FSO communications. 4-WDM 25-Gbaud FSO parallel beams could be directly detected by the 2D-PDA.


Objective: The objective of this study was to test whether physicians' attitudes regarding the impact of ADHD on health-related quality of life (HRQL) explain differences in practices for prescribing psychostimulants in children. Method: In a cross-sectional survey, U.S.-based pediatricians and psychiatrists ("physicians") used the Paper-Standard Gamble—a widely used preference-based assessment of HRQL—to rate four vignettes describing ADHD health states of varying severity. Associations between standard gamble scores and questions about prescribing practices were analyzed using ordinal logistic regression. Results: Surveys were mailed to 291 physicians; 127 (44%) returned complete forms. Lower standard gamble scores were associated with more emphasis on children's ADHD symptoms (p = .03) and less emphasis on parents' concerns about stimulant side effects (p = .03) when prescribing psychostimulants. Conclusion: Differences in physician perceptions of the severity of ADHD symptoms and in their emphasis on parental concerns about side effects may help explain variations in ADHD psychostimulant prescription patterns.


This paper evaluates the environment effect of the large infrastructure project. From the analysis of the region form and the explanation of the environment actuality we find there are some deficiencies existing in the evaluation of environment effect of the large infrastructure project at present.In this paper we adopt a feasible evaluation method that build an evaluation index system and then build the evaluation model through hierarchy analysis.


Despite the advent of sophisticated project-management software, many construction projects still run over time or budget and then find their contingencies wanting. Albert Hamilton of the National Centre for Project Management at Middlesex University introduces a simple probability-based alternative using spreadsheets, which calculates the likelihood of particular costs and dates being met.


Previous estimates of the efficiency of rowing have assumed (in the absence of any better data) that the water reaction force on the rowing blade, the `blade force', acts in a direction normal to the blade chord-line (oar shaft direction). In 1967 Wellicome suggested that there may be a component of the blade force parallel to the chord-line, pointing outwards, which would make the oar more efficient in the early part of the stroke [Rowing: A Scientific Approach, A Symposium, (Williams, Scott, eds.), Kaye and Ward Ltd, London, 1967]. The recent steady-flow 1/4-scale model tests of Caplan and Gardner [J. Sports Sciences, v25:643-650, 2007] detected a small such parallel force on the asymmetrical Macon and Big Blade shapes. It is possible that this component of force is actually zero within the experimental error, but if the direction of the blade force is tilted away from normal by the amount shown in the model tests, the efficiency of rowing propulsion may be one or two percent greater than previously estimated. However, those previous estimates of efficiency ignored the effect of oar bending which could reduce the efficiency of rowing by as much as 5%. There are reasons to suspect that the scale model results cannot be used to predict the magnitude or the direction of the force on a full-size oar during rowing: the flow is unsteady, and a crucial non-dimensional parameter, the Froude number, is significantly different in the two cases. It might be possible to detect a forward component of the blade force during rowing by measuring the tension strain such a force would produce in the oar-shaft outboard of the gate/pivot.


Abstract Social impact assessment (SIA) addresses the 'people aspect' of development-induced change by empowering communities with a voice in the environmental impact assessment process. Globally, poverty and inequality is growing. Countries with emerging economies are especially affected, and SIA conducted within this context necessitates mitigation of both the direct impacts of particular developments as well as the social legacies that entrench poverty and inequality. Social development is an approach that can be used to reduce poverty and inequality. This paper analyses the practice of SIA and its potential to contribute to social development outcomes in emerging economies. SIA, as practised in South Africa, was analysed from the theoretical framework of social development using an exploratory sequential mixed methods design. The findings indicate that weak implementation of mitigation, monitoring and management measures dilute the potential for SIA to achieve social development outcomes. Through minor evolution of SIA practice, the process can lay a firm foundation to facilitate social development outcomes, especially considering its potential contribution to poverty reduction through the social protection floor, skills development and job creation.


This study applied the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to the Shanxi Reservoir watershed, a drinking water source in Zhejiang Province, China. The important sources of non-point source pollution (NPS) in Shanxi reservoir watershed are agricultural fertilizer application, domestic sewage and livestock breeding, this brings new challenges to water source management. The simulated runoff and water quality parameters total nitrogen (TN) were compared to those of the observed values in the watershed. The Nash-Suttcliffe efficiency (NSE) was 0.94 for monthly runoff during the calibration period 2007-2010, and 0.84 during the validation period 2011-2012. The model can well satisfy the simulation of runoff. For monthly TN of Sancha water quality monitoring station, the NSE is 0.7 in the calibration period of March 2009 to April 2011, and 0.75 in the verification period of May 2011 to December 2012. For the Jiujiang water quality monitoring station, the model index parameters are slightly lower than Sancha, but it is also very good for water quality simulation. The four parameters of total nitrogen, organic nitrogen (ORGN), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) were used to analyse the nitrogen pollution of Shanxi Reservoir watershed. The multi-year monthly average results of nitrogen pollutant loadings show significant differences, with large fluctuations every month. ORGN and NH4-N showed a consistent trend, showing a steady growth trend from January to June, peaking in August and continuing to decline in other months, and NO3-N peaked in March. The pollution load of TN in Shanxi reservoir watershed ranged from 142.27 kg/km2 to 725.31 kg/km2, showing a large spatial difference. The pollution load of the tributary basin is weaker than that of the main stream, which generally shows an increasing trend from upstream to downstream. Overall, the pollutant load is consistent with land use and agricultural production and living conditions, showing typical characteristics of non-point source pollution. Through the establishment of regional nitrogen pollution model and the study of pollutant distribution characteristics, this study puts forward some suggestions for controlling the nitrogen pollution load of the Shanxi Reservoir watershed, optimizes the agricultural planting mode, and intercepts the pollution sources that are not directly discharged into the water body.


Author(s): Lynn, John W. | Abstract: Nonflagellated sperm of M. rosenbergii resemble an inverted umbrella. A 10 µm(base) houses the nucleus and a single 12 µm convex surface of the base. Radial fibrils in the base anastamose to form the spike. These structures contain 6 nm filaments with a 32 nm cross-striated periodicity. Centrioles are closely associated with the radial fibrils at the spike base. Eggs, covered by a bilayered investment coat composed of a 0.5 µm protein outer layer and a 2.5 µm mucopolysaccharide inner layer, are spawned through an externally held spermatophore following a female's ovigerous molt and mating. Sperm (l5/egg) attach base-first with the spike oriented perpendicularly to the investment coat. Within 15 seconds, the spike bends at the base and contacts the investment coat. The spike penetrates the investment coat, the base is inverted, and fertilization occurs within 2 minutes. The spike remains briefly as a central core in a fertilization cone. Fertilization is not inhibited by cytochalasin B and sperm isolated with and without protease inhibitors have no actin-comigrating band on SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Flourescein-tagged DNAase I does not label the spike or radial fibrils. Spike bending can be induced in vitro with ATP or GTP treatment on glycerinated sperm. Investment coat penetration is inhibited by 0.01% soybean trypsin inhibitor or tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone but not by L-1-tosyl-amide-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone. These data sug gest spike bending is a nonactin contractile process and investment coat penetration is facilitated by a serine protease(s).


It is widely believed that disclosure quality improves investors' welfare by reducing cost of capital in a competitive market. This paper examines this conventional wisdom by studying a production economy in which disclosure influences a firm's investment decisions. I demonstrate three points. First, cost of capital could increase with disclosure quality when new investment is sufficiently elastic. Second, there are plausible conditions under which disclosure quality reduces the welfare of current and/or new investors. Finally, cost of capital is not a sufficient statistic for the effects of disclosure quality on the welfare of either current or new investors. These results may help interpret the mixed empirical findings on the relation between disclosure quality and cost of capital, inform the empirical efforts to measure the economic consequences of accounting disclosure, and add to the ongoing debate on the reform of financial reporting and disclosure regulation.


—This article proposes versions of the set-membership affine-projection algorithm that estimate an adequate threshold and a proper constraint-vector for a system identification scenario. A novel constraint-vector is proposed for a non-white input, since the Simple-Choice Constraint Vector is asymptotically optimum for white inputs. Non-white inputs are commonplace in communication systems when there is channel encoding or precoding in the transmitter. A fixed and a time-varying threshold set-membership version are used. Simulations show that the proposed algorithm presents lower mean-square error and updates in fewer iterations than the traditional Simple-Choice and Exponential-Decay Constraint Vectors. For the time-varying threshold, the computational complexity of the algorithm is similar to the Simple-Choice Constraint Vector.


Human beings are hard-wired for two kinds1 of imitation, which surface quite early in life. The first type is readily seen by the person and known as "perceptually transparent." Let us say Mom raises her hand to wave "bye-bye." The child can see his own hand and wave "bye-bye" too. The second type of imitation, "perceptually opaque," is difficult to understand how it is accomplished, especially considering we're talking about infants. If the mother opens her mouth and sticks out her tongue, the baby copies her actions. The baby cannot see his own face or his tongue, or even comprehend that he too has a mouth and tongue, but he can copy the action. Incredible. And yet, it is a fairly common occurrence in a growing, healthy, young child. Chartrand2 reported that this automatic mimicry (imitation of actions, speech, mannerisms, tone of voice, and/or body positions) actually "creates affiliation" for the other person. Chartrand refers to this as the "Chameleon Effect." Lakin3 proposed that this nonverbal, non-intentional behavior of mimicry is the "social glue" that helps us foster rapport with others. What happens if a child has poor eye contact, poor social skills, poor language skills, very limited empathy, repetitive self-stimulatory (aka, "self-stimming") behavior, obsesses over certain subjects and ignores important subjects? That child is most likely diagnosed as having autism. Ramachandran4 stated there is one other characteristic (in my opinion, one that is often over looked) in the child who has autism: He/she has "difficulty miming other people's actions."


The design of a one-dimensional lens is presented in this article. The method used for this design is based on geometric optics, where refracting surfaces are used to redirect rays of light. It is known that the illumination profile of many LEDs can approximately be modeled by Lambertian distribution, mainly depending on the angle of the emitted ray with the normal to the surface. We want to construct a lens which is to be placed at a reasonable distance away from an LED source, in such a way that the radiance profile of this source is refracted at both surfaces of the lens so that the illumination profile on the target surface is as uniform as possible. This task requires the optimization of a certain error function. The main constraint of the problem is to preserve the prescribed input and output intensities so that the requirement of total energy preservation is fulfilled.


Two partial replications of a study of the dehydrating effects of ingested hypertonic sucrose solutions (Beck, 1967) are described. As in the original study, Ss drank less 37% sucrose than 18.5% but the 37% produced greater absolute as well as relative dehydration.


. This study aimed to determine the form of community participation in implementing school-based management at SMA Negeri 2 Mataram. This study uses a qualitative approach using a case study form. Data sources in this study are school committee principals, committee secretaries, committee treasurers and members aware of community participation in implementing school-based management. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews, and study of documents/documentation. Data analysis techniques used the interactive model "Miles & Huberman". The results of the study show that the forms of community participation in the implementation of School-Based Management in SMA Negeri 2 Mataram are: 1) As a giver of opinion, the school committee plays an active role in providing consideration in the form of input and suggestions in the preparation of RKAS, special programs and management of education. 2) As support, this is in the form of raising public funds to finance the implementation of education and supporting students in carrying out the School's flagship program. 3) As a controller, this is in the form of controlling the course of the meeting in preparing the RKAS and controlling the teaching and learning activities in schools. 4) As a liaison, the school committee actively provides consideration through input and suggestions in preparing RKAS, flagship programs and education management.


A silicon target vidicon has been used at the telescope to obtain two-dimensional photometric images of planets and stars. The integrating vidicon photometer has properties which make it uniquely suited for many astronomical observations.


Perineum rupture occured when baby born spontaneously or by intervention. Perineum rupture occured on almost all primiparous. To prevent perineum rupture incidence, antenatal perineum massage can be performed to increse perineum elasticity.
Problem of research was high primiparous women who experienced perineum rupture (89%) in Maternity Clinic of Karya Bhakti Pekanbaru. Title of the research is the effect of antenatal perineum massage on perineum rupture incidence in primiparous, with the aimed to indentify effect of antenatal perineum massage on perineum rupture incidence in primiparous in Maternity Clinic of Karya Bhakti Pekanbaru.
Type of research was pre experimental with static group comparison design. Research population was primigravid women at 36 weeks of gestational age who examined their pregnancy in Maternity Clinic of Karya Bhakti Pekanbaru at September-October 2010 of 33 women. Sample collection was by purposive sampling. Sample size was 30 women distributed in intervention group who performed perineum massage of 15 respondents and 15 respondents remaining were control group. The independent variable was antenatal perineum massage and the dependent variable was perineum rupture incidence. Data was analyzed by Chi-Square and Odds Ratio test.
Result of research showed that of intervetion group 66,7% did not experience rupture and 33,3% experienced rupture. While of control group 20% did not experience rupture and 80% experienced rupture. χ2 of Chi-Square test result was (4,89) >χ2
tabel (3,84) indicating that there was effect of antenatal perineum massage on perineum rupture incidence with OR value = 8.
This research concluded that there was effect of antenatal perineum massage on perineum rupture incidence in primiparous women. Suggestions to the midwife, to provide counseling to pregnant women that perineum massage is one intervention to prevent perineum rupture in delivery.


Architecture and geo-engineering are application domains where professionals need to take critical decisions. These professionals require high-precision tools to assist them in their daily decision taking process. Augmented Reality (AR) shows great potential to allow easier association between the abstract 2D drawings and 3D models representing infrastructure under reviewing and the actual perception of these objects in the reality. The different visualization tools based on AR allow to overlay the virtual models and the reality in the field of view of the user. However, the architecture and geo-engineering context requires high-accuracy and real-time positioning from these AR systems. This is not a trivial task, especially in urban environments or on construction sites where the surroundings may be crowded and highly dynamic. This project investigates the accuracy requirements of mobile AR GIS as well as the main challenges to address when tackling high-accuracy AR based on omnidirectional panoramas. To the three loves of my life, Odette, Joline and Dominique and to my father, Paul. A month in the laboratory can often save an hour in the library. – Frank Westheimer


Automation of welding with robotic arms has become an inevitable trend in modern manufacturing technologies. This process can be automated by using a "click and go" in which the robot will weld a line where the spot is described or by using an in-line tracking algorithm in which the robot will choose the spot where to weld the line in each layer. This paper presents a simple methodology for the reconstruction of the weld joint and the classification of the joint geometry to serve as a first step to the automatic determination of the robot trajectory. The weld joint has been reconstructed using a laser profilometer placed as a tool on the robot. Spurious data has been removed by signal processing. The joint has been reconstructed three-dimensionally. The classification of the joint profiles was generated using an algorithm based on signal processing and artificial intelligence. This algorithm has been tested for the classification of V-joints (bevel-bevel) and single bevel joints.


Abstract : Understanding the influence of historical and religious cultural factors and their influence on how to plan and conduct campaigns at the operational level of war are key determinants of success for the planning and conduct of operations in future conflicts in the Arab core of the Middle East. Commanders must understand and develop and implement plans that account for the Islamic view of its relationship to non-Muslim cultures the historical roots of tensions with its own leaders and the growing influence of the West the competition between multiple religious sects for influence among the society the unifying role of religious beliefs laws and practices in governance the influential role of religious leaders, the Islamic view of warfare, the competing quietist and radical traditions, and the competing views of fundamentalist versus reformist movements in Islam. To account for the influence of history and religion among Arab Islamic cultures, commanders must ensure that the proper leaders are engaged and institutions, policies, and processes established that accommodate the central role of Islamic holy law in both the public role of civil government and the private lives of individual Muslims Meaningful assessments of Arab Islamic culture must identify the prevailing religious sects in the region historical tensions with other ethnic groups or religious sects, and the customary or historical roles they fulfill within the society. Rules of engagement that do not inflame the historical perceptions or misperceptions of the West must be developed and forces must be thoroughly trained to recognize and understand cultural sensitivities. In order to inform the populace of the joint force's objectives, a robust and continuing information operation must be implemented and a Civil Military Operations Center must be established and fully integrated into all aspects of the joint forces operation.


With more media attention being given to nutrition, health, and safety, it is important to be able to locate and provide consumers with information that will be both useful and relevant in the area of food safety. Smartphone technology, mobile computing, and abundant wi-fi have made it much easier for consumers to access information from virtually anywhere. This column highlights some reliable sources of information on the topic of food safety across a variety of mediums.


SUMMARY This paper investigates the stable-running problem of a planar underactuated biped robot, which has two springy telescopic legs and one actuated joint in the hip. After modeling the robot as a hybrid system with multiple continuous state spaces, a natural passive limit cycle, which preserves the system energy at touchdown, is found using the method of Poincaré shooting. It is then checked that the passive limit cycle is not stable. To stabilize the passive limit cycle, an event-based feedback control law is proposed, and also to enlarge the basin of attraction, an additive passivity-based control term is introduced only in the stance phase. The validity of our control strategies is illustrated by a series of numerical simulations.


The scope of my thesis was to develop fabric seam using synthetic or a blend of natural and synthetic fabric by an ultrasonic sewing machine. This fabric will be tested for usual seam quality. The methodology that was used is the utilization of the ultrasonic sewing machine. The intended seam was used to sew polyester and polyester cotton fabric to produce women's blouses. Using the same fabric, traditional seam with needle and thread was prepared. Seam strength and stiffness were measured using ASTM standard methods. Knowledge generated in this project will be presented in the thesis. Successful techniques will provide an alternative method of manufacturing clothing. This has an environmental effect in that it reduces the significant amount of waste that we produce every year in garment manufacturing. Furthermore, recycling of garments will be easier because no foreign matter (thread) is introduced into the garment when ultrasonic seaming is used. The research conducted will provide information on advanced textile technology since this project involves recent developments in textile construction. Degree Type Open Access Senior Honors Thesis Department Technology Studies This open access senior honors thesis is available at DigitalCommons@EMU: http://commons.emich.edu/honors/229 DEVELOPMENT OF FABRIC SEAMING FOR CLOTHING USING ULTRASONIC SEALING TECHNIQUE


Several 3 3-diphenylallylamines (Adamson, probit response on log-dose had a mean slope for 1949) have shown moderate atropine-like, antiall the drugs of 2.5, and the ED50 of morphine histamine, and local anaesthetic properties (White, sulphate was approximately 2 mg./kg. Green, and Hudson, 1951). A number of allied The syringe analgesiometer was also used on dogs. series have also been investigated, among them It was applied to the tip of each ear and to the skin .ithienylalkenylamines (I) (Adamson, 1950' of the foreleg over the radius. The proportion of dithienylalkenylamines (I) (Adamson, 1950). dogs with a 100% increase in pain threshold was used


In the present work, the transmission of sound through baffled thin plates is investigated. The curves of transmission loss in the frequency domain are computed with a coupled FEM-BEM approach. The method can be applied to plates with general properties under arbitrary boundary conditions. The variation of the transmission loss due to changes in surrounding media, boundary conditions and shape of the plate are presented. Simulated curves of the transmission loss of an orthotropic plate are compared with those of an isotropic plate.


The global COVID-19 pandemic has hosted a rising trend of state interference in medical science research against the virus. Such illiberal actions are counterproductive to hopes of addressing the virus because they impede the operations of scientific inquiry and threaten the integrity of scientific findings. State efforts to interfere in pandemic science work involve constraints upon medical scientists researching the virus. Such constraints risk violating the human rights of the scientists involved in COVID-19 research. International human rights law provides means of protecting scientists against state interference, and the reach of international human rights instruments approaches a scale comparable to the global reach of the pandemic. As a result, the exercise of international human rights law on behalf of medical scientists against state interference furthers the global urgency to resolve the COVID-19 pandemic.


PT. Kukar Mandiri Shipyard is a company which engaged in docking and shipbuilding services. Depreciation of fixed assets needs to be done because of the benefits provided and the value of the assets begin wane. Given the important role of fixed assets for the company, then it should be adjusted to the standards set by the authorities, among others: Indonesian Institute of Accountants (IAI) through the Financial Accounting Standards for Non Public Accountable Entities, the Government through the Act, and others. With the amount of fixed assets which is not small, PT.KMS must organize which depreciation method should be used in calculating depreciation of their fixed assets. The problem of this study is whether the depreciation effect on profits and can provide savings of income tax payable PT.KMS in 2012. Basic theory which used in this study is financial accounting with focus on the depreciation of tangible fixed assets, as well as the effect on earnings and saving generated income tax payable. The hypothesis is formulated as follows, depreciation of fixed assets effect on profits and can provide saving over PT.KMS income tax Payable in 2012. The method of analysis used in this study was a comparative descriptive. Based on the analysis and discussion of the result found that the earnings in 2012 using the straight-line method of depreciation Rp 4.243.411.206, declining balance provide operating loss Rp 848.475.540, and the combination of straight-line method for building and declining balance for non-construction gives profit Rp 2.601.961.264. And the combination of this depreciation method which was adjusted with tax regulations can provide savings over PT.KMS income tax payable for 2012        Rp 382.529.122 rather than the application of straight-line method. This statement gives support to the hypothesis that the depreciation of fixed assets effect on profit and can provide savings on PT.KMS income tax payable in 2012. Then the hypothesis can be accepted.


The paper describes the preparation of lignin filled natural rubber latex composite and the consequential changes in tensile strength observed with varying lignin loading. The changes in tensile strength were shown to be associated with the changes in surface morphology as investigated via AFM. From the AFM analysis it can be inferred that lignin filled rubber latex film which exhibited an increase in tensile strength also demonstrated better phase homogeneity with lowest surface roughness value in comparison to the rest of the lignin filled rubber latex films analysed.


This paper analyzes the ongoing game scenario of local governments' efforts in developing new energy industries under a tournament-type performance appraisal system and draws two conclusions on the basis of chicken game and firstprice sealed auction. The two conclusions are: (1) local governments' competition efforts present a likelihood of excess capacity in the new energy sector instead of the intended overall promotion of the industries, thus reducing the local profits and harming the long-term sector-wide benefits; (2) the competing game between new-energy investors and local governments assumes a high degree of possibility of landing local governments in a prisoners' dilemma, thus alluring local governments to adopt any preferential policy options in fear of losing the game. Keywords-local governments; new energy industries; performance assessment mechanism; game theory; chicken game


An extrudable hydrogel with a tunable gelation time under physiological pH ranges based on the phase separation of gelatin and oxidized dextran was demonstrated. We envision that the easy handing properties of this hydrogel combined with thermosensitive physical gelation and postponed chemical reinforcing will provide a platform for 3D bioprinting applications.

publisher-specific, author manuscript: http://rsc.li/journals-terms-of-use


Land use/land cover (LULC) of Sekondi-Takoradi metropolitan area of Ghana have changed substantially since the 1980s and the patterns of future LULC of the city will have even greater impacts on the environment, quality of life of residents as well as their health. This study was conducted to simulate the potential future LULC patterns in the city to provide information to support effective spatial planning and sustainable development. The study used the Dyna-CLUE model, Markov chain and logistic regression to simulate potential future LULC patterns. The logistic regression model was used to quantify the relationship between land use change driving factors and land use types, while the Markov chain was applied to estimate two yearly land use demands and the Dyna-CLUE model was applied to simulate dynamically the spatial patterns of multiple land uses. The results show that eight driving factors namely population density, slope, aspect, elevation, distance from roads, distance from rivers, distance from Takoradi town and distance from major urban centres, significantly drive land use/cover changes in the city, with relative operating characteristic (ROC) statistics ranging between 0.72 and 0.98, while the historical land use model was validated with a Kappa statistic of 49% for the entire map and a user accuracy of 75% for the built up land use, indicating a moderate agreement between predicted and observed land use of  2016. The potential future (2020 to 2050) land use maps showed that the built-up area may increase substantially in the next 30 years, replacing shrubs/farms and secondary forests and potentially intensifying the already existing sprawling in the city.


The invention concerns a method for measuring the displacement of a fluid in a conduit, by measuring the transit time of ultrasounds between two transducers (12, 13), in one direction and in the other, characterised in that it consists in: simultaneously exciting (16) both transducers; then simultaneously measuring (17, 18) the signals received on each of the transducers coming from the other transducer. The measured signals can then be digitised and correlated to determine the difference between the transit times. The invention enables to obtain faster and more reliable measurement of transit times between transducers.


The analysis of spectral characteristics of the photocurrent of electrodes on the base of CdTe, CdS, InSe evidenced the formation of the two-dimensional subbands on the semiconductor surface when the photoelectrode is in contact with an electrolyte. Under illumination optical transitions between such subbands and bulk bands lead to formation of surface excitons.


The following article deals with the issue and special characteristics of formation of terms and their typology in the German language. Expansion of the scientific and technical branch of knowledge leads to the expansion of the lexicon, i.e. of the terminology content of the language. The subject of this article is the terminology of the German language, the target is description of processes and objective laws of formation and classification of terms. Typology of the terms structures and facilitates the complex terminology system. It is based partially on methods of formation of terms: morphological, semantical, syntactical, as well as other mixed methods. There are different methods of terms classification, for instance, typology based on structure and form, meaning, functions, intralingual and extralingual functions, historical aspects, and usage factors. Like in other world languages terms in the German language is described by some properties, for example consistency, monosemy, accuracy, shortness, emotional and expressive neutrality, lack of synonyms and antonyms. Knowing objective laws and rules of formation of terms, as well as its classification simplifies the process of interpreting the technical scientific texts and allows achieving the precise understanding. The issue of the typology of term is getting more actual and the terminology is a complex, expanded system and has an important role in different fields of functioning of the modern society.


Contents: Preface. R.J. Sternberg, The Search for Criteria: Why Study the Evolution of Intelligence? J.B. Grossman, J.C. Kaufman, Evolutionary Psychology: Promise and Perils. D.F. Bjorklund, K. Kipp, Social Cognition, Inhibition, and Theory of Mind: The Evolution of Human Intelligence. J.L. Bradshaw, The Evolution of Intellect: Cognitive, Neurological, and Primatological Aspects and Hominid Culture. R.W. Byrne, The Primate Origins of Human Intelligence. W.H. Calvin, Pumping Up Intelligence: Abrupt Climate Jumps and the Evolution of Higher Intellectual Functions During the Ice Ages. M.C. Corballis, Evolution of the Generative Mind. L. Cosmides, J. Tooby, Unraveling the Enigma of Human Intelligence: Evolutionary Psychology and the Multimodular Mind. O. Flanagan, V.G. Hardcastle, E. Nahmias, Is Human Intelligence an Adaptation? Cautionary Observations From the Philosophy of Biology. P. Godfrey-Smith, Environmental Complexity and the Evolution of Cognition. H.J. Jerison, On Theory in Comparative Psychology. A. Lynch, Evolutionary Contagion in Mental Software. I.M. Pepperberg, Evolution of Avian Intelligence, With an Emphasis on Grey Parrots (Psittacus Erithacus). H. Plotkin, Intelligence as Predisposed Skeptical Induction Engines. P. Bloom, Get Smart.


The present work summarizes the reflections already outlined in English in a previous congress, in 1995, and now updated, though logically opened to the permanent discussion that this sort of topics maintain. It served in that ocasion as a conceptual framework, lightned by a first general overhaul of the countable documentation and a reflection on the existing bibliography, in the framework of a wider investigation, still underway. From the perspective of a "genesis of the state" that may be tracked up to the XIIth. century, the dimensions and typology of the regal patrimony, and the fiscal novelties of the lower Midle Age are analyzed in first place. It is studied then the management and control of that patrimony and hacendistic potential, up to the middle of the XVth. century, showing the mechanisms of an increasingly compact regal power, established and modern. ELOISA RAMIREZ VAQUERO


This chapter contains sections titled: 8.1 Introduction, 8.2 Architectures for Timed (Category 2) Machines, 8.3 Timer Interpretation, 8.4 Transition Types and Timer Usage, 8.5 Timer Control Strategies, 8.6 Truly Complementary Time-Based Transition Conditions, 8.7 Repetitively Looped State Machines, 8.8 Time Behavior of Timed Moore Machines, 8.9 Time Behavior of Timed Mealy Machines, 8.10 Number of Flip-Flops, 8.11 Examples of Timed (Category 2) Machines, 8.12 Exercises


The present invention, for the treatment or prevention of inflammatory diseases and other diseases involving elevated values of cytokines and proinflammatory mediators, relates to compounds and methods which may be useful as inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4).


In vitroantibacterial and antifungal activity of the water ethanol and dichloromethano extracts of four lichen species viz Everniastrum cf vexans Parmotrema blanquetianun Parmotrema reticulatum Peltigera laciniatawere proved against six bacteria strains Staphylococcusaureus Listeria monocytogenes Proteus vulgaris Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia and six fungal yeasts Candida albicans C glabrata C krusey C parapsilopsis C tropicalis and Cryptococcus neoformans Antimicrobial activity was analysed employing three methods of diffusion the spot on a lawn method disk diffusion and well diffusion assay Ethanol extracts of lichenized fungi were found more effective against tested yeast than dichloromethane extracts Everniastrum cf vexans showed the lowest MIC and MFC for both solvents


This article considers how ideas from evolutionary theory in general, and Sidney Winter in particular, can be fruitfully combined with ideas from Herbert Simon and the Carnegie tradition on decomposability and cognitive limits. Rather than focusing on any one individual issue, this article outlines a research program on the architecture and design of organizational capabilities. Such a program can help us explain how labor is divided and organized within and between firms and can consider the implications of the division of labor for the process of capability development. Extensions to this emerging research program are proposed: The emergence and evolution of intra- and inter-organizational boundaries, the implications of such boundaries for different types of capabilities and for the knowledge accumulation process, and the design of firms' architecture to support adaptation and change are all briefly discussed. Copyright 2006, Oxford University Press.


Proteasome inhibitors (PIs) like bortezomib (Btz) and carfilzomib (Crflz) induce an oxidative stress response in Multiple Myeloma (MM) cells. Oxidative stress is a key effector pathway in PI-induced cell death, and altered redox signaling has been implicated in the acquisition of PI resistance. The potential of redox as a therapeutic target/pathway for PI resistant MM has not been realized due to the absence of a precise molecular targeted strategy that exploits redox signaling in a way that attacks PI resistant cells while sparing normal cells. Therefore, we set out in this study to characterize redox adaptations that contribute to PI resistance in MM, and to use drug screening platforms to identify specific redox-targeted small molecules that restore PI sensitivity. Using multiple isogenic pairs of PI sensitive and resistant MM cell lines, we found that resistant cells exist under high basal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidation of protein thiols (i.e., oxidative damage). Resistant cells induce significantly higher relative levels of ROS following PI treatment, but exhibit no further increase in oxidative damage. By comparison, their PI sensitive counterparts have relatively low levels of basal and PI-induced ROS levels, but undergo significantly higher levels of oxidative damage following PI treatment. These findings demonstrate that PI resistance is associated with alterations in redox balance; they further suggest that PI resistant cells have acquired adaptations that allow them to survive under high basal levels of oxidative stress, and that provide protection from PI-induced oxidative damage. We also identified significant changes in cellular bioenergetics that are typical of PI resistant cells. Generally, PI resistant cells appear to be more metabolically efficient, relying on mitochondrial respiration as their primary source of ATP production. Specifically, PI resistant cells have higher basal oxygen consumption rates (OCR), expanded respiratory capacity, increased NAD(P)H levels and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity, and nearly absent activation of the AMP kinase energy stress signaling pathway. Thus, the acquisition of PI resistance is associated with significant changes in redox balance as well as in cellular bioenergetics. Given these findings, we next used a cell-based drug screening method to screen for redox-targeted small molecules capable of restoring PI sensitivity to resistant cells. We screened a compound collection of known pro- and anti-oxidant small molecules with wide-ranging mechanisms of action. From this screen we identified compound E61, which demonstrated strong synergy with multiple PIs, including Btz, Crflz, ixazomib, and oprozomib. E61 induced an oxidative stress response characterized by a burst of ROS generation and oxidation of protein thiols, and synergistically enhanced the PI-induced oxidative stress response in resistant cells. The synergistic cytotoxic response to E61 and PI co-treatment was dependent on ROS, and was evident across several models of PI resistance, representing cells of diverse genetic backgrounds. While E61 enhanced PI-induced cell death in resistant MM cells, its effects were protective in normal cell types, including peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs) and lymphocytes from normal human donors. These findings suggest that compound E61 will have a wide therapeutic index in combination with PI therapy in preclinical mouse models of MM, a hypothesis that we are currently testing. All together, our findings identify specific redox and bioenergetics changes that are acquired by PI resistant MM cells. Furthermore, our work offers a novel redox-targeted small molecule, E61, to be used in combination with PI-based therapeutic regimens in refractory MM.

Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


In a sample of 44 students we measured basic dimensions of hand and forearm, collected force data with two different dynamometers and evaluated them. Based on statistical operations we determined equation which is useful by setting an individual ideal hand dynamometer grip width considering the hand size.


Objective To explore the relation of anti-tuberculosis drug moxifloxacin to the sputum conversion rate (SCR) in pulmonary tuberculosis patients.Methods The Chinese database including CNKI,CQVIP,and Wanfang database and the English database including Pubmed,EMBASE and Cochrane were all searched to retrieve literatures related to evaluation of moxifloxacin and SCR in pulmonary tuberculosis.The document data were meta-analyzed by RevMan4.2 software.Results Seven studies were ultimately included in this study.There were 503 cases in treatment group and 527 cases in control group.The odd ratio of moxifloxacin to SCR was 1.37 (95%CI:1.04-1.81).Conclusions The result indicates that treatment of moxifloxacin improve the SCR in pulmonary tuberculosis patients and is a choice of short-course therapy for drug-susceptible tuberculosis.

Key words:
Tuberculosis;  Sputum conversion rate;  Moxifloxacin;  Susceptibility;  Association;  Meta-analysis


The ultrasonic testing for the defects of complete disbond in multi-layered structure with lower acoustic impedance beneath a high acoustic impedance overburden is one of the difficult problems in ultrasonic nondestructive testing field. A model of a multi-layered steel-rubber composite plate is depicted. Because the acoustic impedance of the steel differs far from that of the couplant water and the rubber, the energy of the signal reflected from the debonded rubber layers is very weak. More over, the flaw echoes are masked by the strong echoes reverberated in the steel plate. It's nearly impossible to identify the debonding echoes directly. The subband adaptive filtering method is discussed in the paper, where the subband decomposition is performed by mutual wavelet packets decomposition on the criterion of maximizing the cross-correlation between the signals. The simulations on both synthetic and real signals are presented. The echoes from the delaminated flaw at the depth of 5 mm in the rubber from the calculated signal, and echoes from the flaw at the depth of 3 mm from the real signal are extracted successfully.


This study aimed to assess the best achievable outcomes in laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) after risk adjustment based on surgical technical difficulty using a national registry.


In a recent publication, Renzo [1] considers methods for evaluating the agreement between two diagnostic methods with binary outcome where the true results are unknown. He proposes to analyse the agreement in two steps: 1) comparison of sensitivity and specificity of the two methods and 2) probability of agreement. The purpose of this correspondence is 3-fold: (a) to point out that these two suggested approaches should not be used for evaluating agreement when the true results are unknown; (b) to refer Renzo and readers of his paper to the well-known kappa statistic; and (c) to emphasize that an appraisal of the clinical consequences of replacing an old method with a new cannot be based on a statistical measure alone. In what follows we will refer to the notation in Table I.


AIM
The aim of the present study was to explore the immunologic mechanism of delaying senescence by Strengthening Vital Energy(SVE), Tonifying Kidney (TK) and combined TK and SVE.

METHODS
Mice of 20 months were used as senescence model. The effects of the prescriptions on anti-CD3 antibody-induced NF-kappaB activity and the expression of NF-kappaB in T cells from aged mice were analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and Western blot, respectively.

RESULTS
NF-kappaB activity in anti-CD3 antibody-induced T cells from the aged mice was lower than that from young ones. The three prescriptions raised the activity of NF-kappaB in the T cells from the aged mice to certain extent. Combined TK and SVE had no influence on p65 and p50 subunits expressions.

CONCLUSION
The increased NF-kappaB activity may be one of mechanisms underlying the improvement of immune response in aged mice by Chinese medicines.


We demonstrate a Ho:GdVO4 solid‐state laser pumped by a thulium (Tm)‐doped fiber laser at 1940nm. In continuous wave mode, a maximum output power of 6.1 W was obtained under the absorbed pump power of 31.9 W with the slope efficiency of 24.3% at the temperature of 18°C. The wavelength of output laser was 2048.53 nm with full width at half maximum of 0.2 nm. In Q‐switched mode, a maximum single pulse energy of 0.94 mJ was obtained with a minimum pulse duration of 7.3 ns at the pulse repetition frequency of 5 kHz, corresponding to a peak power of 129 kW and an average output power of 4.7 W. The beam quality factor of M2 was 1.01 under the maximum absorbed pump power. To the best of our knowledge, 0.94 mJ is the highest single pulse energy in single holmium (Ho) doped GdVO4 laser pumped by Tm‐doped fiber laser at 1940 nm, and 1.01 is the best beam quality factor of M2 in Ho:GdVO4 laser pumped by a Tm‐doped fiber laser.


This paper presents the formula to calculate the sums of products of the Bernoulli numbers in the form X 1•k1•( n 2) 1•k2• • nik1 2 '


The present invention is, for example, be an active layer 11 which is a blue LED, is covered by the first luminescent ceramic conversion layer 12, and an active layer partially covered by a second luminescent ceramic conversion layer 13 including 11, to a lighting device 10. The first and second conversion layers 12 and 13, the primary photon lambda By adjusting the relative sizes of the second conversion layer 13, it is possible to adjust the color point of the lighting device 10.


We study inequality in a context of more than one variable. We show an alternative ordering between matrices representing individuals endowed with several commodities. Then, we represent such an ordering by using convexity and polyhedral theory.


The neurological examination some presenting symptoms and signs certain genetically-determined conditions developmental abnormalities of the brain and spinal cord disorders of mental development specific disorders of learning disorders and diseases of the motor system cerebral palsy epilepsy infections of the nervous system degenerative cerebral diseases neurological disorders complicating general medical conditions and neurosurgical problems emotional and functional disorders envoi.


A QoS-balance task scheduling algorithm is proposed based on the classical algorithm min-min in perspective of the use effi-ciency of apparatus and the requirement of a submitted task QoS.The experiment proves that the algorithm is effective since it can bala-ncely use the apparatus and meet the QoS requirement of a given task.Finally,the experiment result analysis is introduced.


In this second of two papers on nonresonant grazing-incidence antireflection films, we examine alternate techniques for achieving high-efficiency antireflection films for suppressing hard-x-ray reflections: half-wave films, layered ultrathin films, general multilayer techniques, and tapered impedance films.


ABSTRACT The ophthalmological literature dealing with external diseases of the eye for the period of June, 1968, to September, 1969, was reviewed. Twenty‐one papers dealing with topics of some interest to optometrists have been abstracted.


Radio frequency (RF) treatment holds potential as a pasteurization method to control Salmonella in almonds without causing a substantial loss of product quality. Thermal resistance of Salmonella can be reduced by increasing water activity, thus a washing process was designed prior to RF treatments. A pilot-scale 27 MHz, 6 kW RF heating system was used to rapidly heat 1.7 kg washed in-shell almonds with hot air heating at 55°C. The RF treatment protocol was obtained using an electrode gap of 13 cm for heating, 14 cm for drying, and followed by forced room air cooling of 5-cm thick samples. The results showed that almond temperatures above 75°C at 23% moisture contents for 2-4 min RF heating could meet the requirements to achieve 5-log reduction of Salmonella. The RF treatment process for 20 min reduced the moisture content to 5.7% w.b. The RF treated almond quality was acceptable since PV, FA values and kernel colors met good quality standard used by nut industry.


Flexible secondary battery of the substrate, the protective substrate side of the first terminal and the protective substrate side of the second terminal is formed in the protective plate, one end are each connected to the protective substrate side of the first terminal and the protective substrate side of the second terminal a flexible first the first wiring and the plurality of the claim includes a second wiring, the first wiring and the second wiring is adjacent to the inserted part of the wiring part, the first wiring is arranged in parallel to each other, connected to the first wiring and electrical a first connection member, a part of the second wire is inserted, the second wiring electrically a plurality of the second connection member and the first battery cell side that is the connecting member electrically connected to the first terminal and the second connection is connected to the It includes a plurality of battery cells comprising the battery cell side the second terminal being connected to the member and electrically, respectively.


Traditional backoff algorithms in distributed contention-based MAC protocols adopt contention window scheme for collision resolution. Collided nodes are redistributed in extended windows to avoid further collision. However, collision may still occur due to intersecting window ranges. In this paper, we propose an effective backoff algorithm featuring collision-free collision classification resolution (CF-CCR) based on collision classification model to resolve different collisions with different manners. Under the schedule of CF-CCR, the network will ultimately converges to a collision free state, in which nodes access channel sequentially with no collision occurred. The simulation results show that CF-CCR outperforms IEEE 802.11 DCF in collision times, throughput, delay and fairness.


Concurrent error detection (CED) schemes utilizing time redundancy can keep chip area and interconnect to a minimum. An efficient time redundancy scheme, RESO, for array dividers has been reported. Under the same cell fault model, an alternated time redundancy CED scheme using an alternating logic (AL) approach is proposed. The key to the detection of faults using the AL approach is determining that at least one input combination exists for which the error does not result in alternating outputs. Results of this study show that the proposed design achieves the same CED capability as RESO implementation yet with a lower area overhead. Due to the simplicity and low area overhead the proposed AL approach will be very attractive for the design of fault-tolerant VLSI-based systems.<<ETX>>


Based on the analysis of 3D seismic and log data,and associated with the technology of the sequence stratigraphy and paleogeomorphology recovery,the sequence boundaries of Hainan-Xianhe zone of the western beach area of Liaohe depression are divided into four types according to the strata erosion level,including the parallel unconformity in the sag,the angular unconformity in overlap zone of the depression edge,the angular unconformity on the top of rotating fault blocks,and the angular unconformity on the top of the buried hill of the heavily erosion area.Different erosion recovery methods had been chosen for different surface types to reconstruct the key tectonic period paleogeomorphology of the zone,which shows that the area develops the incised valley,the slop break,and paleo-uplift.The paleogeomorphology presents the trough and the bridge arranged in oblique,incised valley and fault break in steep slop well developed,and provenance widely distributed and its direction cross intersected with Hainan fault.The paleogeomorphology plays an obvious role in controlling the provenance distribution,sequence stratigraphy constitution and the sandstone distribution,showing "the great trough developing the great fan,and the small trough to the little fan".The sandstone distribution is controlled by the fault breaks in plane and the system tracts in vertical.


With the tendency of the railway transportation into heavy haul, more frequent usage of rail tracks and increased axle load, the problem of surface damage and fatigue is dominant on rails. Rolling contact fatigue (RCF), which leads to crack formation in rail track heads, is becoming a growing concern in the transportation industry. It occurs on or very close to the rail head surface, and is a significant cause of rail failure. The detection of cracks in RAILS is a critical requirement in the Railway industry. Cracks, if undetected will lead to rail fractures and consequently may lead to catastrophic accidents. Thus with the development and operation of high speed trains, condition based maintenance and monitoring becomes an important approach for the improvement of reliability and safety of rail transportation. Eddy Current Thermography (ECT) is an emerging NDT method especially for conductive material like rails which combines the advantages of eddy current testing and IR Thermography. Due to electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and high permeability of rails, ECT is very suitable for its damage detections. This technology describes an inspection methodology which utilizes scanning induction Thermography in which coil is excited by a high frequency alternating current and induced eddy current are generated in sample placed near the coil. The thermographic camera is arranged to capture data indicative of a thermal response resulting from the flow of electrical current through the copper coil which scans the rail track. A computer system is configured to process the data from the thermographic camera to generate an indication of a presence of a discontinuity in the rails.


Six compounds,21-hydroxylanosta-8,24-dien-3-one(1),23-methyl ergosterol peroxide(2),(2S,3S,4R,2′R)-2-(2′-hydroxytetracosanoylamino)octadecane-1,3,4-triol(3),D-erthyritol(4),p-hydroxybenzoic acid(5),and succinic acid(6),were first isolated from the mycelia of Paxillus panuoides.Their structures were determined by means of spectral methods.


It has been observed experimentally [H.R. Xia, C.Y. Ye, and S.Y. Zhu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 1032 (1996)] that quantum interference between two molecular transitions can lead to a suppression or enhancement of spontaneous emission. This is manifest in the fluorescent intensity as a function of the detuning of the driving field from the two-photon resonance condition. Here we present a theory that explains the observed variation of the number of peaks with the mutual polarization of the molecular transition dipole moments. Using master equation techniques we calculate analytically as well as numerically the steady-state fluorescence, and find that the number of peaks depends on the excitation process. If the molecule is driven to the upper levels by a two-photon process, the fluorescent intensity consists of two peaks regardless of the mutual polarization of the transition dipole moments. Lf the excitation process is composed of both a two-step, one-photon process and a one-step, two-photon process, then there are two peaks on transitions with parallel dipole moments and three peaks on transitions with antiparallel dipole moments. This latter case is in excellent agreement with the experiment.


1. Introduction 2. The organizational landscape 3. Managing the managers 4. Fusing party and market 5. The entrepreneurial party school 6. Adaptation measured 7. Conclusion: risks and limits to party reforms Appendices: A. Number of party schools, by locale and national share of leading cadres B. Note on sources and research methods C. Central Party School organization D. City Z training allocations, 2008 E. Descriptive statistics and robustness tests of PSM presented in Chapter 3 F. Central Party School Mid-Career Cadre Training Classes descriptive data G. International partnerships, central and provincial-level party schools H. Categories for coding training syllabi.


AbstractPatients request an appointment for medical record copying in person or by telephone; the medical record staff accurately register the information of patients through an identity check, and send patients an SMS reminder to collect the medical records; these methods can enable patients to get the copies of the medical records easily, and ensure that the medical record information is complete. This work reflects the "patient-centered" service concept, reduces the time spent by the patients in waiting to copy medical records, effectively improves the efficiency of medical record copying, ensures that patients can get the copied materials of medical records at the appointed time, and improves the service levels and patient satisfaction.


All kinds of psychological behavior development problems may be occurred during repeated treatment courses to children with chronic diseases.However,there are fewer intervention and treatment program on psychological behavior development problems in the former treatment plan,thus the overall treatment effect and prognosis have been affected.It is suggested that doctors and nurses should find psychological behavior development problems promptly during treatment,and should consider psychological intervention or therapy into the overall treatment plan to promote rehabilitation of the child.


The performance of a 1 MV pulsed high-power linear transformer driver accelerator were extensively investigated based on a numerical approach which utilizes both electromagnetic and Monte Carlo simulations. Particle-in-cell calculations were employed to examine the beam dynamics throughout the magnetically insulated transmission line which governs the coupling between the generator and the electron diode. Based on the information provided by the study of the beam dynamics, and using Monte Carlo methods, the main properties of the resulting x radiation were predicted. Good agreement was found between these simulations and experimental results. This work provides a detailed understanding of mechanisms affecting the performances of this type of high current, high-voltage pulsed accelerator, which are very promising for a growing number of applications.


Background & Aims: Childhood body fatness, elevated cholesterol and blood pressure, have been associated with greater carotid IMT in adulthood. However, these adverse associations may have been due to concomitant associations with and increased carotid diameter, and therefore investigation of the determinants of carotid IMT area (IMTa) may be more appropriate. In addition, how the 'natural' development over time of cardiovascular risk factors (RFs), impact on adult carotid IMTa is not known; this needs to be investigated not only for a better understanding of the the aetiology of atherosclerosis, but also to allow the identification of critical periods [e.g. adolescence (12–16 yrs)] in which such RFs can be more deleterious and preventive measures most opportune. Methods: Data on RFs were derived from the AGAHLS (n 372, 8 follow-up measurements between the ages of 12 and 36 yrs). We used generalized estimating equations, to analyze the extent to which the longitudinal development of body fatness, blood pressure, cholesterol levels and cardiorespiratory fitness, differed between those subjects characterized by a 'high' (highest sex-specific quartile) vs. 'normal' IMTa at the age of 36 yrs. Results: When compared to subjects with 'normal' IMTa, those with 'high' IMTa were characterized by a more marked increase in systolic pressure (women), total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio and BMI (men fig) and a steeper decrease in VO2max (men fig.); these differences emerged as early as in adolescence with exception of cholesterol levels. Conclusions: Prevention of atherosclerosis should start early in life, but interventions may need to target different RFs in boys and girls separately.


This paper designs and implements the intelligent office systems based on the intelligent interactive technology. The experiment results show that the presented method can implement the somatosensory interaction control for smart office effectively.


This article investigated the air temperature characteristics and icing process in winter-spring period during past 50 years in the North of the Yellow River along the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project.The critical submerged water depths of the inverted siphons against ice jams and the critical hydraulic criteria of the initial smooth ice cover forming were determined.At last,the paper provided the prevention method against ice disasters in the break-up in spring,including ice jams and ice floods.


Streak camera observation of the time evolution of the near-field radiation pattern of flared Y-coupled diode laser arrays is reported. The arrays exhibit sustained self-pulsation at frequencies up to 4 GHz In CW operating conditions.