Refinements on the quasi-geostrophic wire-vortex model are proposed. Each coherent vortex is modeled by a straight wire of finite length. The dynamics of N wire-vortices is a canonical Hamiltonian system of 2 N degrees of freedom. We adapt the Gaussian integration method in the evaluation of the mutual energy integrals, instead of the moment approximation used in the previous wire model. The accuracy of integration is improved drastically, even if two wire-vortices are placed very close. The refined model can circumvent the singular behavior of a counter-rotating vortex pair, predicted by the previous wire moment model. We also introduce a realistic relation between the inclination angle and the vortex-slenderness parameter, assuming that each wire-vortex is a prolate spheroid. The latter refinement enables us to model fatter vortices more accurately.


Basic Health Research (2018) and National Socio-Economic Survey (2019) showed a high incidence of stunting in Indonesia. History of acute respiratory infection (ARI) and low birth weight (LBW) were studied as factors associated with stunting in under-five children. The research's objective was to analyze the association between the history of ARI and LBW with the incidence of stunting in under-five children. This study was a meta-analysis. Literature searching was conducted in reputed and accredited journals in PubMed and Google Scholar, published between 2016-2020, analytic observational study design, contained OR/PR/RR with 95% confidence interval, written in English or Indonesian, and available in full-text. The meta-analysis was conducted with RevMan 5.4 application. We included 14 studies. Results showed there was a significant association between history of ARI and the incidence of stunting in under-five children, with pooled OR = 2.48 (95%CI = 1.82-3.40, p < 0.00001, I2 = 0%, p for heterogeneity = 0.66). This study showed there was a significant association between LBW and incidence of stunting, with pooled OR = 2.15 (95% CI = 1.58-2.93, p < 0.00001, I2 = 61%, p for heterogeneity = 0.005). The conclusions were there were significant associations between the history of ARI and LBW with the incidence of stunting in under-five children.


In this work, a simple derivation of the variable amplitude method using the variation of parameters to solve a differential equation is presented. The variable amplitude method was originally devised by Tikochinsky in 1977, using the quantum theory of scattering. The method is applied to two model potentials, the rectangular potential barrier and the Eckart potential, both with analytical solutions for the reflection coefficient. Numerical results will be compared with the exact values for several energies. The problem of calculating the reflection coefficient, usually involving extensive algebra as described in several textbooks, is reduced to solving a first order differential equation with initial condition. The method is very simple to apply, representing an attractive tool for teaching introductory quantum mechanics. A simple computer code is available from which reflection coefficients for the Eckart potential can be calculated.


Emerging economies that have adopted inflation targeting and that combine low credibility, high public debt, and a high interest rate suffer from a typical problem. Increases in the interest rate to reduce departures of inflation from the target imply that a higher primary surplus is required for stabilizing public debt/GDP ratio. This tricky situation is known as "unpleasant fiscal arithmetic" (UFA). This article develops a theoretical model showing how increased financial openness and capital account liberalization can mitigate UFA. Furthermore, empirical evidence from the Brazilian case through OLS, GMM, and GMM system methods is offered. The findings show that increases in capital mobility and financial openness work as a commitment technology, which contributes to the success of the inflation targeting and thus reduces the risk of UFA.


SUMMARY Nine strains of Chlamydomucor oryzae and 347 strains of Rhizopus, representing 10 species, were grown in rice flour and wheat flour media. When grown on wheat flour medium, nearly all strains exhibited amylolytic activity and more than 300 strains showed milk-clotting activity. Almost all strains of R. arrhizus exhibited antibiotic activity against NRRL B-765 Bacillus subtilis. The 23 strains of R. stolonifer showed none of these activities. Renninlike proteinases from microorganisms have attracted interest in the past few years as possible substitutes for rennin in making cheese. Many isolates of various species of fungi have been surveyed for a milk-clotting enzyme (1-7). Those found to produce milk-clotting enzyme include members of the Mucorales, Ascomycetes, and Fungi Imperfecti. Arima and Iwasaki (1) and Arima et al. (2) listed 18 species and three varieties of Rhizopus that produced milk-clotting enzymes. We consider many of the names they listed to be synonyms and probably represent six species; namely, R. oryzae, R. chinensis, R. stolonifer, R. niveus, R. arrhizus, and R. hangchao. Wang and Hesseltine (9) studied the extracellular proteolytic enzymes of R. oligosporus. In 1969, Wang et al. (10) published the results of screening 44 strains of Rhizopus. Their strains represented R. oligosporus, R. stolonifer, R. oryzae, and R. arrhizus. Our purpose was to: (a) extenrd the survey to include more strains and species of Rhizopus, as well as nine strains of Chlamydomucor oryzae; (b) find strains that produce large amounts of milk-clotting enzyme; and (c) evaluate production of this enzyme as a taxonomic characteristic. We also recorded and evaluated amylolytic and antibiotic activities of the fermentation liquors.


The Netherlands experienced employment growth higher than that in the US and achieved an unemployment rate of less than 3%, but Germany's unemployment rate remained at high levels. A widely held view regards a distorted incentive structure in welfare states as the 'root of the European unemployment problem', but welfare state institutions in the Netherlands are more generous than the German ones. Therefore, differences in the incentive structures between the two economies cannot explain the differences in employment success. The reasons for this seem instead to be rooted in coordinated monetary, wage and fiscal policies in the Netherlands while these are incompatible policies in Germany. Copyright 2003, Oxford University Press.


Objective To investigate the clinical features of acute fatty liver of pregnancy(AFLP),evaluate the effect of early diagnosis and management on maternal and fetal outcome.Methods The clinical findings and outcomes of pregnancy were retrospectively analyzed in 6 patients with AFLP in our hospital in recent 5 years.Results The manifestations included anorexia,nausea,vomiting,progressive jaundice et al.Laboratory findings included elevated liver transaminase,hyperbilirubin,hypofibrinogenemia and prolonged prothrombin time.Ultrasonic and CT indicated fatty liver.Maternal complications included hypoalbuminemia,renal dysfunction,hepatic encephalopathy,hypoglycemia,et al.In two cases,which the clinical courses were more than 10 days before delivers,the perinatal deaths occurred,and the maternal complications were serious.No maternal death occurred in all the 6 cases.After 1 to 5 years' follow-up,all 6 mothers and 4 children were healthy.Conclusions The key point to improve maternal and perinatal prognosis in AFLP is to understand the clinical characters,make early diagnosis,terminate pregnancy timely and prompt supportive management.


This paper presents an automatic annotation method for professional literature. Through comparing with other storage formats and literary styles, we summarize two features of professional literature, and then propose three assumptions. To improve annotation efficiency firstly the method, based on topology structure, partitions the domain ontology into segments which are self-consistent, then locates the most related segment(s) with the keywords extracted from document, finally annotates the document with located segment(s) and expands the annotation scope according to the correspondence between grammatical structure and semantic structure. Experiment results show that the method could improve annotation efficiency and annotation accuracy.


Objective To explore the effec of standardized anti-syphilis treatment for the patients with syphilis in pregnancy during preoperative period.Methods One hundred and twenty eight patients diagnosed by serologid examination were divided into the treatment group(A group,78 cases) and the control group(B group,50 cases) according to the fact whether the standardized anti-syphilis treatment was conducted.The situation of pregnant woman,anesthetic management of two groups were compared.Results The statistical differences are of significance on moderate anemia,coinfectious diseases,blood loss,placenta previa,the chronic pelvic inflammation(P0.05).There was no significant difference on intraoperative anesthetic drugs,and the score of postoperative pain.Conclusion Early detection and standardized anti-syphilis treatment for patients with syphilis in pregnancy could reduce the risk of complication and intraoperative blood loss,with no influence to the result of postoperative pain treatment.


The object of this invention was to find a SnII-containing electrolyte for galvanizing or coloring anodized aluminum and its alloys which, in the first place, contains substances which stabilize SnII better than substances used up to now for this purpose, secondly, exhibits better throwing power and therefore better current distribution and thirdly is not harmful to the environment, or at least not to such a degree as the electrolytes used up to now. The electrolyte of the invention is such that it contains one or more additives having the general structure R1-S-R2, where R1 can be a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group with or without a hydroxy or carboxy group, R2 a hydrocarbon with hydroxy or carboxy group. A particularly preferred additive is 2.2'-di-hydroxy-di-ethyl-thio-ether (or 2.2'-thio-di-ethanol) HOCH2CH2-S-CH2CH2OH.


We report the density structure of the ultracompact (UC) H II regions G35.20-1.74, G9.62+0.19-E, and G75.78+0.34-H2O. The density profiles are derived from radio continuum emission at wavelengths from 6 to 0.3 cm. In the case of G35.20-1.74, a cometary UC H II region with a core and a tail, the spectrum of the core varies as Sν ∝ ν0.6, implying that the density structure is ne ∝ r-2. The emission from the tail has a flatter spectrum, indicating that the density gradient is also negative but shallower. For the case of G9.62+0.19, which is an H II region complex with several components, the spectrum of the region designated component E is Sν ∝ ν0.95, corresponding to ne ∝ r-2.5. The steepest spectral index, Sν ∝ ν1.4, is for the super UC H II region G75.78+0.34-H2O; its density stratification may be as steep as ne ∝ r-4. The actual density gradient may be smaller, owing to an exponential (rather than a power-law) density distribution or to the effects of finite spatial extent. The contribution from dust emission and some of the possible implications of these density distributions are briefly discussed.


Gauguin syndrome is a phenomenon described by life span psychology, referring to the inten-tion to stimulate the changes of personality by means of a change of life circumstances. The phenomenon is patterned on Paul Gauguin's life, fuli of sudden and unexpected turns. Gauguin syndrome is an example of the change of life line during the so called midlife crisis and it implies personality change: an attempt to discover one's own identity and intention to construct a new identity and self-concept. In this article we propose a few criteria defining Gauguin syndrome: (1) important change of life priorities, (2) undertaking a new form of activity, (3) which justi-fies meaning of life, (4) is based on different values than before, (5) gives a sense of freedom and authenticity, (6) decision about such a change is undertaken by a person independently, without any support from other people, and (7) it implies the decline of social and economic status of a person. In this article we also emphasize the differentiation of the Gauguin myth and syndrome, with possible explanations of the phenomena. Three case studies are presented including life histories according to McAdams approach. The empirical data suggests that an important change of life might be announced by previous experiences.


This article introduces the current study status of transformers in high frequency switching mode power supply, and compares their main design methods.


We present the results of thermal imaging of two municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills, i.e. "Andreevskaya valley" and "Secondary raw materials», which are located near the city of Grozny of the Chechen Republic. We describe the following physical parameters of these MSW landfills: capacity of the MSW landfill, capacity of the layer of open wastes, and the period of waste storage. Using the results of thermal imaging we have identified zones with maximal and minimal values of the temperature in the thickness of the surface layer of the landfills. On the basis of the measured geographic coordinates and thermal imager data we have constructed a 3D model of the landfill bodies. The characteristics of the bodies of MSW landfills are presented in terms of the temperature of the surface layer thickness of the landfill. The recommendations on the practical application of the developed approach are given.


This paper presents results of an experimental and analytical investigation conducted at the University of California, San Diego to improve the seismic design of column-enlarged pile shaft connections. Four full-scale column-shaft assemblies were tested under quasi-static cyclic lateral loading to study the minimum embedment length required for column reinforcement extended into an enlarged pile shaft and the necessary transverse reinforcement in the bar anchorage zone of a shaft to develop the necessary anchorage capacity and minimize splitting cracks. The test specimens had different column longitudinal bar sizes, different embedment lengths of the column reinforcement inside the shafts, and different amount of transverse reinforcement in the shafts. Experimental results have been complemented by nonlinear finite element analysis performed with an analytical bond-slip model developed and implemented in Abaqus to obtain a good understanding of the cyclic bond deterioration in the longitudinal reinforcement and to determine the minimum embedment length required. Based on the experimental and analytical results, new design recommendations have been developed. These recommendations can result in a significant reduction of the embedment length as compared to current seismic design specifications of the California Department of Transportation and AASHTO.


Self-regulated magnetic hyperthermia is a promising alternative for cancer treatment based on tumor annihilation by heating using appropriate Curie temperature ( TC ) as an internal temperature controller. We successfully prepared strontium-doped lanthanum manganite nanoparticles (LSMO-x) using the sol-gel method. The TC can be adjusted by modifying both the composition and diameter of the particles, that is, varying the Sr content (0.2  ⩽x⩽  0.3) and the annealing temperature (600 ∘C, 700 ∘C, and 800 ∘C). Structural, morphological, chemical, and magnetic properties were investigated. The samples exhibit the structure of perovskites with average particle sizes ranging from 17 nm to 27 nm, depending on the annealing temperature. This diameter range ensures that all samples investigated are have negligible remanence at room temperature. Magnetization studies show that TC increases as Sr content and particle size increase, indicating that the TC is governed by both. Thus TC can be adjusted by combining these two parameters for self-regulated magnetic hyperthermia. Magnetic hyperthermia measurements showed that samples with larger particle sizes ( ⩾ 19 nm) were more efficient in promoting heat, that is, presenting a higher specific absorption rate (SAR), probably due to the adequate balance between the Néel and Brownian relaxations behavior. We figure out that the SAR value is essential for this specific finality, but it should also consider the maximum temperature reached during the hyperthermia essays. Finally, we build up a nanoparticle diameter vs. Sr concentration phase diagram, where the SAR values are displayed, which allows for predicting the best sample for the self-regulated hyperthermia.


Apart from their an ti bi otic ca pac ity tetracyclines like other an ti bi ot ics, have been found to have var i ous non-an ti bi otic prop er ties [1]. In hib i tory ac tiv i ties of tetracyclines have been re ported for rheu ma toid synovium, cor nea, in flamed gingiva, osteoarthritic car ti lage, al ler gen in duced in flam ma tion and can cer cells [2]. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) cat a lyzes the hy dro ly sis of the fatty acid es ter in the sn-2 po si tion of mem brane phospholipids. The lib er a tion of arachidonate is the rate-lim it ing step for the biosynthesis of eicosanoids, which act as proinflammatory me di a tors [2]. The se cre tory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) which is im pli cated in in flam ma tory dis eases was shown to be in hib ited by the lipophilic tetracyclines minocycline and doxycycline [3]. X-ray crys tal struc ture anal y sis at 1.65 C res o lu tion dem on strates that the minocycline (minoTC) mol e cule makes a num ber of van der Waals con tacts in the hy dro pho bic en vi ron ment of the sub strate bind ing site. The minocycline shields the en trance for sub strates to the ac tive site re sult ing in the in hi bi tion of the phospholipase A2. The lo ca tion of the in hib it ing minocycline mol e cule was con firmed by well de fined elec tron den sity for minoTc rings B, C and D. In com par i son to the in hib i tor free struc ture (PDB en try 1PSH), conformational changes upon tet ra cy cline bind ing have been ob served in the cal cium bind ing loop. The af fin ity of minocycline to PLA2 was mea sured by sur face plasmon res o nance. The re sult ing dis so ci a tion con stant KD was 1.76 * 10 -4 M. These re sults pro vide the struc tural back ground for the us age of tet ra cy cline de riv a tives in the ther apy of in flam ma tory pro cesses where the se cre tory PLA2 plays a cru cial role. Lipophilic tetracyclines might be a new type of lead com pound for the de sign of spe cific in hib i tors of phospholipase A2.


A study of mechanical strength of concrete made using Ordinary Portland Cement with a partial replacement of saw dust ash ranging from 5% to 20% and again by incorporating steel fibre of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% with same SDA percent .The grade of concrete designed here was M25. Slump and compacting factor tests were carried out for fresh concrete and compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength tests for hardened concrete. The compressive strength and split tensile strength tests of normal and SDA concrete was done at the age of 3, 7, 28 and 56 days and SDA concrete containing steel fibre was tested at the age of 3, 7 and 28 days. The flexural strength of saw dust ash concrete with & without steel fibre was tested at the age of 28 days. From the experimental results, it was found that there is a reduction in strength with an increment of saw dust ash. But while adding steel fibre to SDA, it is observed that the fibre reinforced saw dust ash (FRSDA) concrete has an increase in strength twice than that of the SDA concrete at 3, 7 and 28 days.


The purpose of this work is developing an information system for monitoring and optimizing project management in the context of variable firm resources. Data collection for building optimization models and monitoring is carried out using two subsystems: "Project Online Office" and "Projects Cloud". This system is implemented on example of project-based learning (for student community). It experimentally allows for the collection of necessary empirical data with respect to the implementation of heterogeneous projects. The main functionalities and interface of the information system are presented in this paper.


Objective:To examine the effects of combined treatment by imidapril and valsartan on essential hypertension(EH) patients with left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH).Method:A total of 137 EH patients with LVH were divided randomly into three groups:imidapril group received imidapril 10 mg per day,valsartan group received valsartan 80 mg per day,combined treatment group received imidapril 10 mg and valsartan 80 mg per day.All groups received dihydrochlorothiazide(DHCT) 12.5 mg per day.If patients' SBP still≥140 mmHg or DBP≥90 mmHg in the next two weeks,the dose of imidapril or valsartan would be increased to twice as before until BP fell to the normal base level(SBP140 mmHg and DBP90 mmHg).The entire Treatment would last for 24 weeks.The 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring(ABPM),left ventricular mass index(LVMI) and heart rate(HR) were examined before and after treatment for confirmming the efficacy of medication.Result:①The 24 h SBP and 24 h DBP of patients in three groups decreased significantly after treatment(all P0.01),but there is not markedly difference in decreasing amplitude among the three groups(all P0.05).②LVMI and HR of patients in three groups decreased significantly after treatment(all P0.01) and the decreasing amplitude of LVMI and HR of patients in combined treatment group were markedly higher than those of the other two groups(all P0.05).Conclusion:Combined treatment by imidapril and valsartan has more intensive effect on reversing LVH and inhibiting sympathetic activity,comparing with single drug treatment.Above effects are independent of blood pressure depressing.


This paper presents a kind of measures by making the existing protocols independent from the major program and put them in the dynamic link library. So it only need to implement new protocol of the dynamic link library, by this method we greatly enhanced IIP system maintainability, scalability and security, reducing the system development and design diffi culty.


: This paper expects to investigate the part of regular dialect preparing (NLP). The paper will examine the part with regards to mechanized information recovery, robotized question answer, and content organizing. NLP systems are increasing more extensive acknowledgment, in actuality, applications and current concerns. There are different complexities required in preparing the content of regular dialect that could satisfy the need of pioneers. This paper starts with the portrayal of the characteristic of NLP hones. The paper at that point spotlights on the difficulties in normal dialect preparing. The paper additionally talks about significant systems of NLP. The last segment portrays open doors and difficulties for future examination.


The advent of statins has revolutionised the treatment of patients with raised plasma cholesterol and increased cardiovascular risk. However, the beneficial effects of this class of drugs are far greater than would be expected from lowering of cholesterol alone, and they appear to offer cardiovascular protection at multiple levels, primarily as a result of their pleiotropic activity. Indeed, their favourable effects on the heart seem to be mediated in part through reduced prenylation and subsequent inhibition of small GTPases, particularly those of the Rho family. Such statin-mediated effects are manifested by reduced onset of heart failure and improvements in cardiac dysfunction and remodelling in heart failure patients. Experimental studies have shown that statins mediate their effects on the two major resident cell types of the heart–cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts–and thus facilitate improvement of adverse remodelling of ischaemic or non-ischaemic aetiology. This review examines evidence for the cellular effects of statins in the heart, and discusses the underlying molecular mechanisms at the level of the cardiomyocyte (hypertrophy, cell death and contractile function) and the cardiac fibroblast (differentiation, proliferation, migration and extracellular matrix synthesis). The prospects for future therapies and ongoing clinical trials are also summarised.


The invention discloses a cultivation method for intercropping between garlic and waxy and sweet corns and intercropping between summer and autumn Chinese cabbages and wild cabbages in a two-season and four-harvesting mode in one year. According to the method, the fork period is arranged reasonably, in the first season, the garlic and the early-maturing waxy and sweet corns are intercropped, the garlic is sowed in the early to mid-October, young garlic shoots are harvested in the early May, the waxy and sweet corns are sowed from the mid-February to the early March, and fresh corns can come into the market in the early June; in the second season, the summer and autumn out-of-season Chinese cabbages and the wild cabbages are intercropped, the Chinese cabbages are sowed and seedlings grow from the late May to the end of July, field planting is carried out from the late June to the end of August, and the Chinese cabbages come into the market in batches from the late July to the early October; the summer and autumn out-of-season wild cabbages are sowed from the early May to the early July, field planting is carried out from the mid-June to the mid-August, and the wild cabbages come into the market in batches from the middle to late August to the end of October. As the proper fine varieties are selected, the scientific intercropping method is adopted twice, and the seed sowing period, the field planting period and the period of coming into the market are improved, the yield and production value of crops are increased, the two-season and four-harvesting effect in one year and the effect of obtaining out-of-season vegetables three times are achieved, and the economic benefits are remarkable.


Confronting data for screening for early prostate cancer. Expanding utility of chemotherapy in urothelial cancers. Complete responses due to immunotherapy in metastatic renal and urothelial cancers. Novel ideas in the management of germ cell tumours.With this it has been another exciting and busy year for clinicians caring for peoplewith genitourinary cancers. To explore how this data is impacting current management, the ANZUP tradition of hosting a training workshop prior to the Annual Scientific Meeting continues, and we are delighted to present the 2018 MDTMasterclass sessions:


This paper present result obtained using a method of analysis included in the MPREPAT Methodology in aim to assess of the soil erosion and landslide risk. MPREPAT is the Methodology for prognosis of the soil sheet erosion and landslide risk and for prevention and remediation of these phenomena. These results are obtained for the geographic zone of Maracineni and ICDVV Valea Calugarească territory. The prognosis of the risk of erosion of agricultural land is an activity that comes to support land management, in direct connection with natural resource conservation and agricultural production. The prognosis risk of erosion is also a method of prevention, indicating an annual rate of erosion and its spatial distribution. The map of the soil erosion risk spatial distribution indicates locations where land managers need additional preventive actions or corrective actions. These maps have become the tools necessary for modern land management. Method of risk analysis and remedial actions based on it are tools of precision agriculture management. Since the method used in this work includes analysis of the risk of landslides we consider useful and appropriate presentation of the results of this phenomenon. The method used was developed in a research project in partnership INMA, ICDVV, ICPA and PUB- CCEPM.


Objective To review the roles played by neurocognitive assessment in the treatment of schizophrenia and in the design of treatment research strategies. Method A review of the literature and summaries of clinical and research implications are presented, with directions for future research. Results Neurocognitive deficits are now targets of antipsychotic drug treatment and should increasingly be used to refine both theory and clinical practice by considering the effects of treatments at the level of neural systems. Conclusion Efforts to bridge the gaps between preclinical and clinical assessments should yield large rewards in drug development and individualized treatment strategies. Functional neuroimaging may play a major role in these developments.


A 57-year-old Polish gentleman presented with persistent upper abdominal pain exacerbated by eating. Abdominal ultrasound scan performed in Poland showed a 4.4 cm mass in the region of the abdominal aorta reported as an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Subsequent CT imaging demonstrated a normal calibre aorta, surrounded by a soft tissue mass in conjunction with left-sided hydronephrosis (figure …


Freeway traffic flow breakdown is prevalent on the highway system for known and unknown reasons. One typical occurrence is the freeway downstream traffic breakdown. It is understood that the downstream bottleneck breakdown/failure is dependent on the upstream mainline flow and the flow oncoming from the on-ramps. This is a critically important research problem as the upstream demand uncertainty and flow pattern dependency impacts the throughputs at the downstream bottleneck. This research is largely motivated by the necessity to better understand the downstream bottleneck breakdown mechanism given multiple joint input flows through on-ramps and the freeway mainline flow. Therefore, the dependency structure between the different on-ramp flows or dependency between freeway mainline is essential to understand how the multiple upstream entrance-flows can jointly contribute to the downstream flow breakdown. The dependency among multiple on-ramps acts in a somewhat non-tractable but random fashion. In this paper, a copula-based bottleneck breakdown risk model is developed. The copula modelling framework is capable to capture the random flow dependency and the downstream bottleneck breakdown risk. For example, when the upstream flow is significant, downstream breakdown tends to form. One of the benefits of this modelling framework is to provide an alternative to calculate the downstream bottleneck breakdown probability on freeway mainline. A monte carlo-based bottleneck breakdown risk model is developed to evaluate the how demand uncertainty and dependency structure among multiple on-ramp flows impacts downstream bottleneck breakdown risk. The numerical results showed the freeway mainline traffic flow bottleneck breakdown risk can be estimated through Monte Carlo simulation.


Introduction The Biohit coeliac 'quick test' is a novel clinic based test, which uses a finger prick blood sample to rapidly determine tissue transglutaminase (tTG) IgA antibody levels. It has previously been shown to be useful in the diagnosis of new cases of coeliac disease. However, the role of this rapid near patient test has yet to be determined in the follow–up of patients with known coeliac disease, particularly in the assessment of dietary response. The aim of this study is to determine the accuracy of the quick test compared to established laboratory immunology (ELISA) analysis in the assessment of coeliac disease follow-up. Methods The study was designed in two phases. The first retrospective phase compared the quick test to current laboratory immunology analysis on random stored serum samples from patients with known coeliac disease and those without. The second prospective phase involved the use of the quick test at the coeliac disease clinic in patients attending their annual follow-up including assessment of compliance by physician and dietician. Results 70 serum samples were analysed in phase one; 29 samples used for the quick test were true positive compared to laboratory findings, and 37 true negative (sensitivity 93%; specificity 95%). Phase two involved 30 patients, in which 4 patients quick test were true positive, and 25 patients were true negative when compared to laboratory findings (sensitivity 80%; specificity 100%). Conclusion The results from both phases illustrate good agreement between the coeliac quick test and established laboratory findings. Based on these preliminary results the coeliac quick test would seem to provide a rapid real time assessment for clinicians and dietitians within the clinic setting when assessing dietary compliance and response. Further studies are needed to determine if this near patient test will improve the cost effectiveness and efficiency of follow-up of coeliac disease patients.


A number of key clinical research studies in psychopharmacology are presented and critiqued. They include some classic studies dating back decades, to current studies involving the most recent important studies or analyses of clinical research in psychopharmacology—such as diagnostic validators in psychiatry, a maintenance RCT of olanzapine in bipolar illness, brain effects of dopamine blockers, whether antidepressants prevent depression or not, the use of paroxetine in depression, the natural history of treated depression today, adult attention-deficit disorder, and treatment response in first-episode depression. The critiques provided often show that the claimed results of studies are different from the actual data, which need independent interpretation.


Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and normally fatal disease with limited treatment options. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor Nintedanib has recently been approved for the treatment of IPF, and its effectiveness has been linked to its ability to inhibit a number of receptor tyrosine kinases including the platelet-derived growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor receptors. We show here that Nintedanib also inhibits Salt Inducible Kinase 2 (SIK2), with a similar IC50 to its reported tyrosine kinase targets. Nintedanib also inhibited the related kinases SIK1 and SIK3, although with 12- and 72-fold higher IC50s, respectively. To investigate if the inhibition of SIK2 may contribute to the effectiveness of Nintedanib in treating lung fibrosis, mice with kinase-inactive knockin mutations were tested using a model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. We found that loss of SIK2 activity protects against bleomycin-induced fibrosis, as judged by collagen deposition and histological scoring. Loss of both SIK1 and SIK2 activity had a similar effect to loss of SIK2 activity. Total SIK3 knockout mice have a developmental phenotype making them unsuitable for analysis in this model; however, we determined that conditional knockout of SIK3 in the immune system did not affect bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Together, these results suggest that SIK2 is a potential drug target for the treatment of lung fibrosis. specific knockout mice 12 10 for the bleomycin treated wild type cell mice respectively. Effects


A plasma is a set of charged particles consisting of electrons and ionized atoms whose quantity is sufficiently large to behave collectively through the long-distance electromagnetic fields they produce. It is thought that more than 99.9% of visible matter in the universe is in the plasma state. In a collisionless plasma consisting in an ionized gas composed of electrons moving inbetween much heavier ions, any electrostatic field is rapidly screened by the plasma electrons over the Debye screening distance (Debye & Hückel, 1923). When the number of electrons in these Debye spheres can be assumed to be infinite, the plasma electron population is correctly described by the Vlasov equation (Vlasov, 1938) that neglects all correlations between particles such as the binary Coulomb collisions between them. In addition to being simple, the resulting Vlasov-Maxwell set of equations is extremely rich in physics and has many applications ranging from astrophysics and theoretical plasma physics to intense laser-matter interaction experiments. ESVM (ElectroStatic Vlasov-Maxwell) is a Vlasov-Maxwell Fortran 95 standardcompliant code, parallelized with OpenMP and using Python 3 for post-processing, that allows for the study of these collisionless plasmas. Many finite volume advection schemes (Godunov, 1959) are implemented in order to discretize the Vlasov equation, namely:


"SUPERFICIAL punctate keratitis is a morphological conception."* I'hat is to say, the title is applicable to any corneal affection in which the lesion consists of opaque dots involving the epithelium, Bowman's membrane, or the superficial layers of the substantia propria. It has been repeatedly shown that such a clinical picture can be created by a variety of pathological processes, and that it may also arise without any obvious cause. The more numerous the dots, the more densely will they be aggregated, and there is a tendency for adjacent dots to coalesce with each other, with the result that any case coming for the first time under observationat a late stage of the disease. may present appearances to which the adjective punctate may seem inapplicable. Nevertheless, it is unusual for the whole extent of the cornea to be uniformly involved. Therefore a close scrutiny of the less opaque portions will nearly always disclose the punctate character of the original lesions. Koby's conception of the meaning of superficial punctate keratitis has been criticised on the ground that the term was originally applied by Fuchs to a definite clinical condition with which' nost ophthalmologists are familiar. I am opposed to this criticism, because clinical and pathological descriptions published by many observers in various countries differ from each other not only.in


In this paper two newly developed hypercrosslinked resins were used to treat micropolluted drinking water and their static and kinetic adsorption were investigated at 293 K. The results show that these two adsorbents are superior to Amberlite XAD-4 for removing chloroform and trichloroethylene in aqueous solutions. The breakthrough capacity and the total capacities from mini-column adsorption studies for chloroform and trichloroethylene on XAD-4, ZH-01 and ZH-00 are calculated respectively under experimental conditions.


This letter focused on the additive effect of horizontal Schottky diodes on the drain side of a high-voltage p-channel laterally diffused metal–oxide–semiconductor (pLDMOS). These components were evaluated using transmission-line pulse and human body model (HBM) tests. When the parasitic Schottky area at the drain was smaller, the Schottky characteristics were less obvious; the device's current mostly flowed through the heavily doped <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{P}^{+}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> area, and the improvement in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{\text {t2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> was minor. When the parasitic Schottky area covered more than 60% of the drain side, the Schottky area accounted for the majority of current flow; therefore, the electrostatic discharge current could flow more evenly. These modified pLDMOSs can withstand higher voltages because of their parasitic Schottky diodes and higher impedance. In addition, their <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{\text {t2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> values are superior to those of normal pLDMOSs. With the drain side of the pLDMOS completely covered by Schottky diodes, the device produced the highest <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{\text {t2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> value of 1.659 A (130.4% higher than that of the reference sample), an HBM value of 5 kV (300% higher than the reference), and an improved holding voltage (4% greater than that of the reference).


It is shown that for nuclei in which the ground state wave function is symmetric in the space coordinates of all the nucleons, such as ${\mathrm{H}}^{2}$, ${\mathrm{H}}^{3}$, ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$, ${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$, the integrated bremsstrahlung-weighted cross section for electric dipole absorption is simply related to the mean-square radius of the nucleus, independent of the existence of correlations between the motions of the nucleons. This relationship was first derived by Levinger and Bethe on the assumption of absence of correlation, and was found to be at variance with known experimental results in heavy nuclei. Experimentally, the relationship is well verified by data on ${\mathrm{H}}^{2}$ and ${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$. The relationship of the integrated bremsstrahlung-weighted cross section to certain nuclear parameters in the case of ${\mathrm{Li}}^{6}$ is briefly discussed.


The phytochemical studies on two species of Rubiaceae; Nauclea officinalis and Nauclea subdita have been carried out. Twenty one compounds were successfully isolated and purified using several chromatography techniques such as column chromatography (CC), thin layer chromatography (TLC), preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC), and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The
compounds are naucline, nauclefine, naucletine, angustine, angustoline, 3,14-dihydroangustoline, angustidine, subditine, strictosamide, pumiloside, naucleficine,
naucleactonin C, harmane, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-oxo-β-carboline, benzamide, cinnamide, blumenol B, blumenol A, β-sitosterol, stigmast-4-en-3-one and vanillin. Naucline and
subditine are new indole alkaloids which were isolated from the bark of Nauclea officinalis and Nauclea subdita respectively. The structure of the isolated compounds
were elucidated using various spectroscopic methods; 1D-NMR (1H, 13C, DEPT), 2DNMR (COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY), UV, mass spectrometry and comparison with literature reviews. Among five compounds, subditine exhibited good cytotoxic activity
against human prostate cancer cells which are LNCaP and PC-3 with IC50 of 12.24 ± 0.19 μM and IC50 of 13.97 ± 0.32 μM respectively. IC50 values of angustoline, angustidine, angustine and nauclefine were in the range of 58.09-149.16 μM. Subditine showed higher selectivity against LNCaP and PC-3 prostate cancer cells than the normal prostate cells; RWPE-1 (selectivity index: [LNCaP/PC-3] = 2.49/2/18). In
addition, ten alkaloids was tested for anticholinesterase activity. Only angustidine showed potent inhibition with IC50 of 6.54 ± 0.37 μM on acetylcholinesterase enzyme
(AChE). On the other hand, for butyrylcholinesterae enzyme (BChE), three alkaloids exhibited potent inhibition; angustidine, angustine and nauclefine with IC50 of 0.31 ±
0.07 μM, 1.56 ± 0.05 μM and 2.21 ± 0.03 μM, respectively. Angustidine was the most potent inhibitor of BChE than the standard galanthamine. Enzyme kinetic studies and
molecular docking suggested that the most potent compound, angustidine possess mixed inhibition mode with inhibition constant, Ki value of 6.12 μM and its binding site was
strongest at the bottom gorge of hBChE and formed hydrogen bonding with Ser 198 and His 438.


Leigh Lowest Prices! We Get The Local People Of Leigh The Best Deals Around On Luxurious Scented Candles, and More. Buying Online In Leigh Is Easy And Hassle


Biochar is a carbon product while the raw materials, like forest, animal compost, and plant residues, and is heated in a closed storage place under anaerobic process. It is distinguished from charcoal by its use as a soil amendment. As a soil amendment it offer several benefits, which include increased soil texture, soil carbon, nutrient retention, and cation exchange capacity, beside support to microbial diversity and it also suppress disease infestation on various crops. The overall process is known as pyrolysis. Biochar quality from different sources is determined by the potential carbon sequestration, CO2 reduction potential and physicochemical properties. During biochar production the most important considerable's includes up to 90% on feedstock type and temperature levels are the main characters. For agricultural purpose Biochar contributed as moderately contemporary improvement, evolving in combination with soil managing, carbon confiscation or sequestration matters, and immobilization of contaminants. Also, several studies observed that biochar amended soil help proliferate plant growth promoting rhizobacteria/fungi. The environmental advantage of biochar can relieve climate change through soil fertility improvement; enhance its structure, water penetration and aeration as well as decreases synthetic fertilizer and pesticide utilization and greenhouse gases emission reduction. Areas with enough vegetative covers by the contribution of the above soil hydrological and environmental properties will have crucial role for the environmental safety of particular areas.


Introduction. Destroyed lung syndrome is a severe destruction of the pleural parenchyma due to lung infection, mostly caused by tuberculosis. Besides tuberculosis, necrotizing pneumonia may also lead to this disease complication. Pleural empyema is a frequent consequence of the destroyed lung syndrome. Pleural empyema may occur during the COVID-19 infection and is negatively correlated with a favorable disease outcome. Case report. A male 50 y/o showed up during the on-call shift during the winter COVID-19 wave with a medical report from the Internal medicine clinic. His personal history is significant for his pneumonectomy in 2016. In the past two months, he had been treated for pneumonia and COVID-19 infection with antibiotics and corticosteroid therapy. Due to prolonged malaise and tachycardia his GP referred him to yet another chest X-ray and lab work. The chest X-ray showed pleural effusion, so he was promptly referred to an on-call hospital. The on-call physician, after looking into the hospital reports, consulted an internal medicine doctor and it was decided to refer the patient to a thoracic surgeon. He was hospitalized for pleural empyema and treated with thoracic drainage using the system of active aspiration. A year later, he feels well, and he regained his appetite, and body mass, with occasional leaking from the thoracic fistule. Conclusion. This case report shows a recurrence of pleural empyema in a patient with pneumonectomy due to necrotizing pneumonia and destroyed lung syndrome, complicated by COVID-19 infection. We aimed to draw the attention of GPs to diseases and disease complications that are rarely met in GP practice and are not otherwise treated on the primary healthcare level.


This invention relates to coil inner push-in type metal magnetic powder core patch inductor. The coil is pushed in inner of the magnetic core. The preparation procedures are that A) the metal magnetic powder is insulated and plastic treated, the metal powder is iron powder, carbonyl powder, FeSiAl powder, FeNiMo powder or FeNi50 powder. B) Flat copper wire is used to make coil, the two leading-out terminals plane of the coil are parallel with coil plane and symmetry on the same horizontal plane. C) The two ends of the coil in B are filled onto the position module style cavity, then the metal powder in A is filled into the cavity, bi-direction pressure style is used to make the coil pushed in the powder inner part, and the two ends are out. D) The intermediate product in C is solidification heat treated, so the powder with electromagnetic property is got. E) The outer two ends are warp treated.


Abstract. Aprilia DA, Dianti, Arifiani KN, Cahyaningsih AP, Kusumaningrum L, Sarno, Rahim KAA, Setyawan AD. 2020. Review: Biogeochemical process in mangrove ecosystem. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 10: 126-141. The mangrove ecosystem, one of the unique and distinctive aquatic ecosystems, is located in the tidal areas of the coast coastal areas in the tropics and subtropics. Mangrove ecosystems have many ecological, environmental, and social benefits. Mangrove forests have the potential to become a potential resource. This review aims to determine the process and function of the biogeochemical cycle in the mangrove ecosystem. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research methods and tends to use inductive analysis. The biogeochemical cycle acts as a cycle that cannot be separated from the mangrove ecosystem. Biogeochemistry is the process of circulating chemical elements or compounds that occur repeatedly and continuously. Biogeochemistry plays a role in maintaining environmental stability and maintaining life on earth. The biogeochemical cycle consists of energy flow and nutrient cycling. Energy flows consist of food chains and food webs. The nutrient cycles include water, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. Various chemical elements resulting from the cycle process are needed to survive living things in the mangrove ecosystem.


Background: In order to determine the prognosis of neonates, it is recommended to use umbilical gas analysis in all high-risk pregnancies. However, utilizing umbilical gas analysis and Apgar score together is very helpful for determining the mortality rate confidence interval. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the application of umbilical gas analysis in assessing the prognosis of infants.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Hakim Hospital of Neyshabur, Iran during 2017-2018 with 100 subjects in each group of control and test. Blood samples were collected from the umbilical vein of all neonates. The data were compared between the two groups by the t-test and Mann-Whitney test using the SPSS software version 18 at the significance level of P ≤ 0.05.Results: Our findings demonstrated that both hospitalization and the need for resuscitation had significant relationships with pH and base excess (BE) in the case and control groups (P 0.05)Conclusion: According to the results of this study, a positive relationship was found between the neonatal prognosis and umbilical vein blood gas. Consequently, we can determine neonatal prognosis based on umbilical vein blood gas.


AJC-18708 This study presents purifying of peroxidase enzyme from flowers of Citrus sinensis that used in glucose diagnostic kits by three-phase partitioning technique. Three-phase partitioning technique was chosen due to its simplicity and economical feasibility. An appropriate salt and organic solvent were used to separate the enzyme from aqueous solutions in the system. The homogenate: t -butanol ratio and the concentration of ammonium sulphate were determined as 1:1.5 and 40 %, respectively. Optimum pH (9), optimum temperature (40 °C), K M (9.84 mM) and V max (7.69 U/mL.min) values of the enzyme were calculated using the 4-aminoantipyrine-phenol system. The purity and activity recovery of the enzyme were determined as 9.02-fold and 677.51 %, respectively. The molecular weight (45 kDa) of the enzyme was estimated using SDS-PAGE. The purified enzyme was used in the glucose diagnostic kit. As a result, peroxidase was purified successfully by three-phase partitioning and worked well with the glucose diagnostic kit.


Introduction: Acinetobacter, once considered as an opportunistic pathogen has recently emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen. An increase in antibiotic resistance among isolates of the organism during recent years has made these infections difficult to treat. Material & methods: The study was conducted to determine prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Acinetobacterspp isolated from various clinical samples collected from patients admitted in Intensive care unit and various wards of the hospital over a period of one year (July 2015 to June 2015). Results: Out of 950 clinical samples, 460 (48.4%) yielded significant growth and out of these positive cultures; 47 (10.2%) Acinetobacterspp were isolated. Majority of isolates (68.1%) were obtained from Intensive Care Unit. Maximum sensitivity of Acinetobacterspp was seen towards polymyxin B (97.8%), colistin (95.8%) followed by imipenem (57.4%) and meropenem (44.6%). Thirty six (76.6%) isolates were found to be multidrug resistant. Conclusion: To avoid resistance, antibiotics should be used judiciously and empirical therapy should be determined for each hospital according to the resistance rates of the hospital.


Dimensionality reduction (DR) and manifold learning (ManL) have been applied extensively in many machine learning tasks, including signal processing, speech recognition, and neuroinformatics. However, the understanding of whether DR and ManL models can generate valid learning results remains unclear. In this work, we investigate the validity of learning results of some widely used DR and ManL methods through the chart mapping function of a manifold. We identify a fundamental problem of these methods: the mapping functions induced by these methods violate the basic settings of manifolds, and hence they are not learning manifold in the mathematical sense. To address this problem, we provide a provably correct algorithm called fixed points Laplacian mapping (FPLM), that has the geometric guarantee to find a valid manifold representation (up to a homeomorphism). Combining one additional condition(orientation preserving), we discuss a sufficient condition for an algorithm to be bijective for any d-simplex decomposition result on a d-manifold. However, constructing such a mapping function and its computational method satisfying these conditions is still an open problem in mathematics.


Sulfated polysaccharides from seaweed(SPS) which is obtained from species of algae has many biological activities.A large number of anticoagulant SPS from marine algae have been isolated and characterized.SPS has attracted the attention of biomedical scientists for its anticoagulant activity which may take the place of heparin.This article provides a short review of preparation of sulfated polysaccharides and its anticoagulant activity.


The Euler-Euler models of different complexity levels (from one-dimensional monodisperse model to two-dimensional polydisperse model with drop interaction one) are used for acceleration nozzle design. The optimum value of liquid-to-gas mass flow rate ratio was defined theoretically and experimentally in maximum range nozzle-jet system. The numerical-and-experimental method of searching optimal condition for "mixer+nozzle" system has been formulated. A method of mixture generation has been selected. The experimental investigations of adjusted nozzles were made in order to define a physical flow model and to estimate the application of mathematical models. Photo- shooting in the flash light (duration from 10 -6 s) was used. Gas and liquid mass flow rate, distribution of pressure along a convergent-divergent nozzle wall were measured. Modified probe and laser methods were used in order to receive gas and liquid velocity and volume concentration data. It is shown that the flow structure in or near the nozzle is fragmentary (cluster), in other words the flow contains not only drops, but also fragments of liquid film. For such flows the numerical models are used as minimax estimate. The outcomes of numerical simulation are presented in this paper too.


Abstract : Seventy-five percent of the Army is now based in the United States, and it is the job of the installations to support and facilitate the rapid deployment of this combat power. However, since 1989 the Army has been reduced by 469,000 soldiers and 151,000 civilians. While base closure efforts have been initiated to keep pace with Army force structure reductions, changes in the internal organizational structure of installations have predominantly occurred locally and sporadically. This paper examines the typical operations at an Army garrison, provides examples on how selected functions can be more effectively accomplished, discusses possible changes in garrison structure and staffing, and identifies policy changes that should be considered for added efficiencies and streamlining. Savings of $1.5 billion, elimination of 6,200 civilian spaces, and the cut or redirection of 9,500 military positions can be achieved.


Based on the mathematic description of image, the present invention evaluates image quality accurately and objectively to obtain high quality iris image. The iris image is then noise eliminated according to wavelet transformation principle to lower noise and maintain image details, iris positioned by means of recursion edge detection in polar coordinates, and corrected and processed through normalization and strengthening. Through further extraction of iris characteristic value with Haar wavelet base, encoding, distinction and weighed Hamming distance mode matching, the identity validity of testee is fast determined.


With the rapid development of mobile communication market in China,there is a severe competition between China Mobile Communication Corporation and China Unicom.The revenue obtained from customers decreases year by year.How to improve the loyalty and value of existing customers should be solved by each corporation as soon as possible.Double win target can be achieved through cross selling.In combination with real data mining project in mobile communication industry,the full flow of cross selling analysis,involved in affinity analysis,clustering analysis and prediction analysis,is expatiated.In addition,the application of mining result is discussed.


The present invention relates to a composition for the prevention and treatment of obesity based on the autophagy containing the blastocyst extract, and more particularly, the activity of inhibiting the proliferation of fat cells by inducing the autophagy of blastocyte extract or fraction. The present invention relates to a method for separating an active ingredient from a gall which can be used as a composition for preventing and treating obesity, and to a composition for preventing and treating obesity containing a gall extract or fraction. In other words, the gall extract according to the present invention induces autophagy of adipocytes in cell experiments, inhibits weight gain in obesity-induced animal models, and decreases the weight of animals inducing weight gain. By reducing protein and triglyceride, it can be used as a pharmaceutical composition and health food which is also effective in preventing obesity, treating obesity, and preventing complications due to obesity. Gall bladder extract, autophagy, obesity prevention, treatment


This paper presents the robust colour image segmentation algorithm which can be used extensively in automated optical in- spection system on the printed circuits boards (PCB) assembly line. The robustness of the presented algorithm is increased by low computational effort what dedicates this approach to on-line vision systems explored in high-speed production lines. The second advantage of the proposed algorithm is the non-parametric solution which is invariant to changes of light and colour of the inspected components. This condition should be fulfilled with the vectoral imaging approach where the most important task is the segmentation process which divides image space into disjoint regions with similar colour or texture. gle components R, G, and B or their transformations (lin- ear/non-linear) are explored independently of the others. The results obtained from these single components are often dif- ficult for unambiguous interpretation. To overcome this shortcoming, the analysis of the multidimensional feature space is required. The analysis of this space is very often time-consuming particularly in case of computer vision problems where a large imass of the datai is connected to the image. The approach proposed in this paper is based on one of the widely used techniques for feature space analysis called clustering. The points in the feature space correspond to feature vectors describing points (pixels) in the image space. Colour images can be characterized by three-dimen- sional histograms, and thus, we have three-dimensional fea- ture space in which clusters or modes correspond to pixels with similar colours called image regions. One of the drawbacks of the feature space clustering is that the cluster analysis does not utilise any spatial infor- mation from the image space that considers the spatial rela- tion among pixels. The second and the most serious prob- lem is difficult determination of the number of clusters (im- age regions) in the unsupervised clustering scheme which is known as cluster validity. The next, crucial problem for the colour image segmentation is the selection of the appro- priate colour space (feature space). RGB colour space is not appropriate for colour space clustering because of the high correlation of among R, G, and B, therefore an object with a uniform colour but different intensities could be seg- mented into different objects. In other words, a colour im- age with shadows or some shading cannot be segmented properly in RGB colour space. The proposed algorithm is based on the modified HSI colour space. The modification of HSI colour space has been already presented in Ref. 3


As best of breed universities continue to search for more meaningful and effective direct student learning assessment outcome measurements in the United States, this paper examines the background, goals, objectives, and methods principally being utilized in the search for and operation of the 'best fit' direct assessment method of student learning outcomes. Numerous leading approaches are addressed in this paper and are accompanied by the results of these diverse approaches as experienced by one large business school. No one method was found to 'perfectly' meet all goals and objectives ('the perfect solution'), but two approaches did deliver more insight relative to the measurement of student learning outcomes than the others. These latter approaches are examined in some detail and each is accompanied by the rubric that supports meaningful assessment of core learning objectives, abilities, and outcomes.


The complex of flavourzyme and neutral protease was used to hydrolyze camellia pollen to obtain bioactive peptides. The optimal process of enzymatic hydrolysis was determinated by orthogonal test. The test results indicated that the optimal conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis are pH value 7, temperature 40 ℃, amount added 8%, ratio of flavourzymeto neutral protease 2:1, time of hydrolysis 12 h. Under optimal conditions, the degree of hydrolysis is 40% and the nitrogen solution index is 0.8. The effect of hydrolysis was improved obviously.


Research over the last few decades has focused as much on the role of the Netherlands as a centre of intellectual and cultural mediation in the second half of the seventeenth century, as on the importance of the correspondence and the periodiques savants as the preferred instruments for the circulation and diffusion of knowledge. What we wanted to throw a little light on, however, is a much less studied region of the Republic of Letters, a community of the chosen, in a tighter sense than that of the intellectual elite, which was constituted by the citizens of that Republique. After the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, the solution to the protestant question also entailed, for the Huguenot subjects reluctant to convert, being sent to the galleys and deportation to overseas territories. Books and readings recount their testimonies and books and readings are refered to in those testimonies, both real memories mostly printed between the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century, or still unpublished letters collected only in the later decades by Pastor Antoine Court along with other material considered useful for the drafting of a history of French Protestantism after the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes. Studies devoted to «societe enchainee» were not lacking, of course, in reporting the intellectual life. There remains however the insufficiently explored production of this marginal zone in relation to what was in those years published in the countries with the highest concentration of refugees. Scholarly journals, galley-slave writings and books cited by the same belong for the most part to the same publishing community and are the works, as can be easily seen by their names, of French immigrants to the Netherlands «pour cause de religion», as too were their principally refugee editors. What we see looming behind the galley-slave writings, in short, is a world of men turned by necessity from simple exploiters to active citizens of the Republic of Letters, but it is also a complex machine, an international venture. Bringing into sharper focus what lies behind this, putting these testimonies into the production of the whole Refuge picture has, moreover, the aim of understanding to what extent it is possible for us to rely on them. How much has the fact that these writings, according to the authors themselves, wanted to end up being in their turn, just as the volumes mentioned in them and just like all the publications circulated by the exiled pastors for their flock, tools of encouragement and consolation for a persecuted people? A different point of view, in short, from which we believe it is still possible to offer even a small contribution to the ongoing research on the circulation of these clandestine books in the late seventeenth century and in the first decades of the eighteenth century. Certainly an opportunity to reflect on what characterizes ultimately, in its relationship with the book, the Protestant world.


Closely associated with Tourism,religions became an important part of Chinese ancient tourism.Influenced by religions,tourism of the Song Dynasty was rich and colourful with distinctive feature of the times.Studies on the importance of religions in tourism as well as in cultural dissemination are still of great significance to the development of the present tourist industry.


During the spring tides of early January and February 1993, groups of solitary internal waves were observed propagating through the Intensive Flux Array of the TOGA COARE experiment. The waves appear to originate near the islands of Nugarba (3°S 30′S–154° 30′E). They travel north‐eastward at 2.5–3 m/s, closely coupled with the semi‐diurnal baroclinic tide. Peak amplitudes exceed 60 m. Velocities are in excess of .8 m/s. Seasurface vertical displacements of order .3 m can be inferred directly from the lateral acceleration of surface waters. The Equatorial Undercurrent is displaced by soliton passage but apparently is unaffected otherwise. The intrinsic shear of the solitary crests is small compared to ambient equatorial shears. The crests, while not themselves unstable, are effective at triggering instabilities on the background flow. The motions potentially contribute 10–15 Watts/m² to the flux of heat into the mixed layer.


Strong regularity for stationary discrete random fields is discussed. An extension of the classical Beurling's Theorem to functions of several variables is given. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the moving average representation of stationary random fields are obtained. A recipe formula for the best linear extrapolator is also given. 0. Introduction. In this article we consider a set of real or complex random variables X(t), t E Zn, over a probability space (Q. (, P), where Zn = the Cartesian product of Z (set of integers) with itself n-times. Such a family is called a (discrete) univariate random field. Let E denote the expectation with respect to P. We assume that EX(t) = 0 and E I X(t) 12 1. Our aim in this article is to employ the function theory in polydiscs in order to develop the theory of extrapolation for random fields. For this we need a version of Beurling's theorem. Indeed Beurling's theorem gives the characteri


There is no doubt that data is of paramount importance to scientific progress. With the enormous development of science and technology, a huge amount of data fragments is produced every day. [...]


The latest case of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), confirmed 17 December in a Taiwanese medical researcher, has again raised alarms that the lab--and not the presumed animal reservoir--may be the most likely source for reintroduction of the virus.


Rubrene and tetracyanoquinodimethane single-crystal transistors are fabricated incorporating secondary gates (split gates) on source and drain electrodes to reduce the interfacial barriers at the metal/semiconductor contacts. Separating the effect of the injection barriers, the intrinsic carrier transport in the semiconductor channels is extracted for the p-type rubrene crystal transistors and the n-type tetracyanoquinodimethane crystal transistors. The transconductance of the tetracyanoquinodimethane devices is drastically improved by activating the split-gate electrodes, indicating significant injection barriers in the n-type transistors. The result demonstrates that the technique is useful to improve transistor performance when it is restricted by the injection barriers.


The tensorial quantities were deduced for localized fields at different coordinates bound one to the other by C,P,T,M inversions. (tr-auth)


It is a new subject to any companies to develop new products under the situation of technology transfer and cooperation. According to certain procedure, major contradictions at every stage should be grasped and key problems be solved to ensure successful development of new products based on the characters of technology transfer and cooperation.


Walnut has been reported to exhibit several pharmacological properties and widely used in folkloric medicine for the traditional treatment of ailments. Hence, this study sought to investigate the antioxidant properties of the aqueous and ethanolic extract of walnut seed using several antioxidant parameters. Both extracts were tested for free radical scavenging ability against 2, 2 diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical, ferric reducing and iron (II) chelating ability. Furthermore, the ability of both extracts to offer protective benefit against lipid peroxidation was assessed. Moreover, the phytochemical constituents (total phenolics, flavonoids and vitamin C) of both extracts were measured. Generally, ethanolic extract was found to exhibit a significantly higher antioxidant activity than do aqueous in all parameters determined. Result showed that both extracts demonstrated potent free radical scavenging and ferric reducing ability and iron chelating activity in vitro. Moreover, both extracts demonstrated potent inhibitory effect on proxidant induced oxidative assault against cerebral and hepatic lipid. The phenolic content of Juglans regia was estimated to be 35.22 ± 0.75 mg/g (GAE) for ethanolic and 20.26 ± 0.55 mg/g (GAE) for aqueous extract whereas the flavonoid content was estimated to be 20.02 ± 0.12 mg/g (QE) for ethanolic and 14.82 ± 0.15 mg/g (QE). In addition, the vitamin C contents were 18.22 mg/g and 10.18 mg/g respectively for ethanolic and aqueous extract of dried J. regia . From the foregoing, the wide usage of walnut seed as remedy for ailment in folk medicine may be due to its high phytochemical constituents and potent antioxidant properties in vitro . Hence, information from this study would provide the underlying mechanisms through which walnut seed exhibit its pharmacological properties which when exploited could be helpful in the management of degenerative diseases.


Local scour caused by the horseshoe vortex system which forms at the base of the piers is considered. Piers which induce a pressure field strong enough to cause the formulation of the horseshoe vortex system are termed blunt nosed; all others being classed as sharp-nosed piers. The condition of the sediment transported into and out of the scour hole forms the basis for the further classification of the scour process into clear-water scour and scour with continuous sediment motion. The pier Reynolds number is shown to be an important variable describing the strength of the horseshoe vortex system. Further, the equilibrium scour depth depends on the initial sediment transport condition for a steady uniform flow with fully developed bed material transport. Design criteria are proposed for blunt-nosed piers under the conditions of clear-water scour and scour with continuous sediment motion. Several deviations from the above ideal design conditions are discussed; methods for design in these cases are suggested.


Objective To assess the diagnostic value of ultrasound(US)-guided biopsy for equivocal focal liver lesions.Methods We concluded 170 focal liver lesions undergone US-guided biopsies during Jan 2006 to Jan 2011.The diagnostic accuracy,importance,security and limitation of this procedure were analyzed retrospectively.Results An overall diagnostic accuracy pathologically was 91.2%(155/170) and suspicious rate pathologically was 7.06%(12/170).There were three false-negative cases(1.76%) and no false-positive was found.Needle bleeding occurred in one patient with the severe complication rate was 0.59%.Conclusion US-guided biopsy is a cheap,less invasive,simple and relatively safe procedure for diagnosing equivocal focal liver lesions.The keys to avoid severe complications are preoperative control of indications,intraoperative skills and postoperative strict observation.


Abstract : One of the major problems in track pad performance and expected life is heat generation brought about by the periodic loading of the pads and their viscoelastic (partly dissipative) nature. This problem has been simulated numerically making use of a number of simplifying assumptions. The results are included in this final report. We are currently investigating experimentally each of the material variables for a given number of'model' elastomers and are conducting heat generation experiments with these elastomers during cyclic shear deformations. The experimental results will be used to improve our simulation model for heat generation. A second problem which we feel is important in connection with track pad life and performance is the structural uniformity of the pads achieved during manufacturing. We are embarking on an investigation of the problem of the effects of material, process and geometric variables during injection mold curing. Our initial efforts are numerical having a goal the prediction of crosslink density as function of space and time during the molding process.


Widespread contamination of the environment with toxic heavy metals and radionuclides has resulted from industrial activities. This contamination is of considerable concern for the environment and human health. Some bacteria can tolerate high levels of these contaminants and may be useful in a bioremediation approach to remove or detoxify the contaminants. In order for such an approach to be undertaken, knowledge of the resistance mechanism(s) employed by the bacterium is required. Cobalt (Co) and cesium (Cs) radionuclides are produced in the generation of nuclear power. Bacteria resistant to Co and Cs were isolated from a nuclear fuel storage pond. The isolates were identified and their levels of resistance to non radioactive forms of Co and Cs were determined. The isolates were either resistant to Co or Cs, but did not show dual resistance. The isolates could be useful in the remediation of nuclear fuel storage ponds and other applications. Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is an acidophilic bacterium that thrives in metal contaminated environments and can withstand high levels of uranium (U). It is known that A. ferrooxidans is capable of biosorption of U(VI). To obtain a more complete picture of the processes and protein components involved in U(VI) resistance, the proteome of A. ferrooxidans grown in the presence and absence of U(VI) was analysed by combining two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry-based protein identification. Most proteins that had increased expression were part of the general stress response or were involved in reactive oxygen species detoxification. The transcriptional regulation of selected genes of interest from the proteomics study, were additionally analysed by qPCR analysis. Surprisingly, there was no correlation between the proteomics and qPCR results. Targeted gene knockouts of genes potentially involved in U(VI) resistance were unsuccessful.


The main challenge in the engineering of IP networks is the integration and support of a wide variety of applications and services combining voice, data, streaming, and VoD that have different traffic characteristics and require different levels of quality of service (QoS). The most important measures of QoS are the end-to-end delay, packet loss rate and delay variation or jitter. Any network design procedure must take them into account to insure that the real-time QoS requirements of real-time and interactive services can be met. However, the jitter has been extensively studied in relation to various scheduling and routing algorithms, but it has been rarely studied in the context of relationships between others parameters of quality of service. In this paper, we present a study under several scenarios in order to explore the behavior of jitter and delay and their impact on the network performance. We confirm that these two parameters behave differently in function of traffic load for Poisson and heavy-tailed traffic.


Scarring is a common and undesirable outcome of acne vulgaris. There are limited effective topical formulations for acne scar treatment. The investigational product, acne scar serum (HEXILAK® Acne Scar Serum) is latest topical formulation developed for treatment of acne scar with unique ingredients, Kollaren and Exo‐T.


Objective
To observe the effect and safety of dezocine and tramadol for the prevention of shivering in cesarean section.

Methods
According to the digital table,240 routine cesarean mothers(both epidural anesthesia, ASAⅠ-Ⅱ)were randomly divided into three groups, each group in 80 cases. After the completion of combined spinal epidural, group A received verdict preventive maternal supine dezocine intravenous 0.1mg/ kg(diluted to 20m L with saline), group B for prophylactic intravenous tramadol 1mg/kg(with saline diluted to 20m L),group C(control group)received normal saline 20m L,continuous monitoring of perioperative respiratory, circulation changes, maternal chills,adverse reactions and Apgar score were observed and recorded.

Results
The incidence of post-anesthetic shivering maternal of group A and group B were 5.0%,7.5%respectively, while the rate was 60%in group C,there was significant difference between group A and group B(H=3.418, P=0.019);,but the maternal nausea and vomiting incidence of group B(45.0%)was significantly higher than those of group A(10.0%)and group C(7.5%)(χ2=11.491,P=0.021).There were no statistically significant differences in neonatal Apgar score among three groups(F=10.062,P=0.017).

Conclusion
Tramadol and dezocine can effectively prevent shivering during cesarean section and had no effect on the Apgar score, but tramadol incidence of nausea and vomiting was significantly higher than that of Dezocine, which is recommended for clinical use to rank and file Sim prevent cesarean section shivering response.

Key words:
Dezocine; Tramadol; Cesarean Section; Shivering


The article is devoted to the analysis of various interpretations of green logistics, which are similar in content and do not contradict each other, but only reflect the point of view of various experts on the same problem: recycling logistics, secondary management logistics of an enterprise, recycling logistics, waste logistics, reverse flow logistics, reverse logistics, eco-logistics, reverse supply chain management, return flow management. The lack of terminological unity makes it necessary to create a classification with regard to different definitions related to the interpretation of this concept in modern approaches to the interpretation of green logistics. The analysis of the various interpretations of green logistics found that in green logistics it is necessary to distinguish two functional areas: logistics of return flows of goods and logistics of waste (logistics of recycling).The purpose of the article is to analyze the interpretation of green logistics and to examine the essence of green logistics for solving management control problems, analyzing and effectively managing the movement of returned, damaged, expired and used goods, production and consumption waste, which starts from the point of their formation to the point of disposal or recycling reduce production waste and costs from returning goods.The objectives of the study are to create a classification of various definitions related to the interpretation of green logistics and the study of the main goal, objectives, functions and principles of green logistics.This research is conducting in the field of green logistics is very important for the conditions of Ukraine, since it is our country that is among the states with the most relative and absolute indicators of waste generation and accumulation. Therefore, the essence of green logistics considering at the micro level, it should be noted that green logistics is associated with the effective management of the flow of returned, damaged, expired and used goods, production and consumption waste both in the forward direction and in the opposite direction and will improve the results of enterprises for expense of saving material resources and reducing the expenditure indicators of the enterprise.


Certain structural properties of negation in Greek have been stable over three millennia. All dialects at all stages distinguish two types of negation, EMPHATIC and PLAIN. Emphatic negation is always a bipartite structure (possibly discontinuous) that consists of a negative head plus an additional focused indefinite NP or adverb. But in their lexical form the negative expressions vary widely, especially their focused indefinite component. (1) illustrates this paradoxical combination of structural stability and constant lexical innovation. It displays the plain and emphatic versions of 'nothing', 'not any' of the modern Cretan dialect and three of its antecedent stages.


The authors publish the memories of the famous Soviet archaeologist, doctor of Historical Sciences K. A. Smirnov about his father, Alexey Petrovich Smirnov. A. P. Smirnov is an outstanding Soviet scientist, representative of the first generation of Soviet archaeologists. He is known for his numerous studies on Finno-Ugric and Bulgar archaeology. From the second half of the 1920s to the 1930s, A. P. Smirnov conducted archaeological research into the territory of Udmurtia. His research, as well as the research of many other scientists, was interrupted by the Great Patriotic War. In the 1990s, the scientist's son, K. A. Smirnov, compiled memoirs about his father, in which he describes the scientist's attitude to the war, and gives the facts of the archaeologist's biography in connection with military events. These memoirs are supplemented by the letter from A. P. Smirnov to Kazan archaeologist A. M. Efimova. The documents allow to reveal the facts of A. P. Smirnov's personal biography, and have an important social significance, reflecting the tragic events of the wartime through personal history.


Significance Source-gated transistors (SGTs) exhibit high intrinsic gain, immunity to bias instability, low-power consumption, and tolerance to short-channel effects, and thus are attractive candidates for wearable devices. However, few studies have addressed the potential of metal oxide semiconductor (MO)-based SGTs. Here we demonstrate solution-processed MO SGTs based on a semiconductor homojunction, comprised of solution-processed In2O3 and In2O3:PEI polymer blend layers of controlled doping, exhibiting low saturation voltage, low-power consumption, and high intrinsic gain. Furthermore, electrooculographic signal monitoring is demonstrated using an SGT inverter, which provides a voltage gain of over 300 and is readily suitable for applications in wearable medical sensing.


Cubic AgIn5S8 (c-AgIn5S8) as well as orthorhombic AgInS2 (o-AgInS2) and tetragonal AgInS2 (t-AgInS2) nanocrystal (NC) luminophores are successfully prepared by adjusting the stoichiometric [Ag] : [In] ratio at reaction temperatures ranging from 100 to 180 °C. The photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY) of c-AgIn5S8 NCs reached 18.8%, which is much higher than that of o-AgInS2 and t-AgInS2. In this study, the identification and characterization of efficient c-AgIn5S8 luminophore NCs are reported for the first time. Broad PL bands, large Stokes shifts and long PL lifetimes indicate that the PL of c-AgIn5S8 as well as o-AgInS2 and t-AgInS2 NCs can be attributed to donor–acceptor (D–A) pair recombinations. The PL peak shifts and changes in the PL intensity depending on the excitation intensity and temperature confirm that the c-AgIn5S8 NCs comply with D–A pair recombinations. The PL emission of the NCs can be enhanced via a solid-solution with ZnS and the PL wavelength can be tuned by varying the stoichiometric [Ag] : [In] ratio and the preparation temperature. The best c-AgIn5S8–ZnS sample presents a PL emission in the range of 552–587 nm with a maximum QY of 61.3%. The luminous efficacy and color rendering index (CRI) of these AgIn5S8–ZnS NC-based white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were respectively 53 lm W−1 and 74 at 3700 K under 60 mA. The development of an efficient AgIn5S8–ZnS NC to be applied as a color-converting material in white LEDs as demonstrated in this work provides the possibility of various potential applications in the fields of optic, optoelectronic and bio-related devices.


ABSTRACT Dispersal behavior was examined for 119 male and 102 female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns marked in central and northern Illinois. Fawn movement behavior was recorded for 35 single, 78 pair and 10 triplet litters that survived intact beyond family breakup in late spring. Males (65%) dispersed at a higher rate than females (39%). Females dispersed Apr.–Jul., while males dispersed Apr.–Jul. and Sep.–Nov. The dam's and siblings movements most affected fawn movement behavior with most fawns of dispersing/migrating females and siblings leaving their natal range. As yearling-adult densities and forest cover increased on our study areas, female fawn dispersals decreased. Habitat scarcity in spring coupled with high fawn survival into the spring months promoted higher than expected female dispersal behavior. Distance traveled to a new range did not differ among study areas, years or month of dispersal for either sex. Single fawns were as likely to disperse as fawns from pairs or triplets. Control of high density deer populations will be more difficult where female dispersal is prevalent, as in the agriculturally dominated Midwest landscape.


The utility model discloses an immersive ultrafiltration membrane short-flow water treatment device adopting an inclined pipe. The immersive ultrafiltration membrane short-flow water treatment device comprises a mixing pool, a flocculation pool, an immersive ultrafiltration membrane pool, a water pump and a water production pool, and is characterized in that the immersive ultrafiltration membrane pool comprises an immersive ultrafiltration membrane component, a sludge gathering region, the inclined pipe, a water inlet pipeline, a sludge discharging pipeline and an overflow pipeline; the inclined pipe is arranged at the lower part of the immersive ultrafiltration membrane component; and an inlet of the water inlet pipeline is formed at the lower part of a solid-liquid separator. The immersive ultrafiltration membrane short-flow water treatment device is suitable for water purification treatment industries, in particular for upgrading and improvement of old running water factories and construction of new water factories, and is suitable for drinking water treatment fields of country areas, in which water sources are polluted, or small-scale water treatment stations. The inclined pipe in the device can be used for effectively separating solid from liquid, so that the working burden of an immersive ultrafiltration membrane is reduced, and the pollution to the ultrafiltration membrane is relieved; and therefore, the sludge gathering of the fixed ultrafiltration membrane is reduced effectively, the service life of the ultrafiltration membrane is prolonged, and the use intensity of the ultrafiltration membrane is improved.


We present a proof-of-concept system that integrates ambient lights with a custom made olfactory display that releases subtle burst of scent triggered by brain signals and micro face-gestures such as blinks or jaw clenches. We non-invasively monitor real-time brain activity data using EEG and reflect this information using scent and subtle changes in the ambient light of the environment. This paper discusses different applications for this type of system as well as the implementation of the olfactory display and the supporting software that connects the ambient lights and the EEG sensor. We also discuss the use of subliminal cues like tuning the lighting setup and varying the scent for different kind of behavior changes.


Dams have often been constructed for hydropower, water storage and to support socio-economic development, particularly in areas of water stress. In many places, the water stored in human-made reservoirs is essential to meet the development objectives of water supply, agriculture, industry, energy generation and other sectors. However, in the absence of adequate foresight and planning, many past dams have had considerable negative impacts on ecosystems and the livelihoods of affected communities, resulting in conflicts and health hazards. While enhanced human health and well-being could be considered as the ultimate outcome of development programs, the public health impact of dams remains an issue that is often neglected by policy makers and investors. National policies and international guidelines, such as those of the World Commission on Dams (WCD), have been used to improve planning and impact assessment of dams. Here, we provide an analysis of four large dams, across three continents, and show that they had limited consistency with WCD principles and guidelines. Moreover, health aspects were largely neglected during planning, construction and operation of these dams, but seriously undermine their intended benefits. This perspective paper discusses impacts of dams on energy and food, ecosystem health, inclusion, and ultimately human health and wellbeing. We argue that a One Health perspective, based on these four categories, can support the systematic consideration of environmental, animal, and human health determinants. A dedicated One Health approach to dams and reservoirs remains to be developed but could potentially improve how dams, both existing and future, support more inclusive development.


Eight halogenated N,N ́-diphenethylethylenediamines were synthesized, characterized and evaluated for σ1 receptor binding affinity in vitro. Measurements of lipophilicity also were obtained. The substitution pattern on one of the aromatic rings remained constant as 3,4-dichloro, while the substituents on the other aromatic ring were varied to include fluorine, bromine or iodine in either the 2-, 3or 4positions. Two main structure activity relationships were observed. First, halogen substitution on the 3or 4-positions of the aromatic ring conferred higher binding affinities (Ki values 6.35 15.82 nM) than the corresponding substitutions at the 2-position (Ki values 12.08 43.15 nM). Second, derivatives containing either a bromo or fluoro substituent at a given position showed higher σ1 receptor binding affinities than derivatives with a corresponding iodo substituent. The data indicate that σ1 receptor affinity for this structural series is sensitive to steric bulk at the 2-position. Log k ́w measurements for the halogenated N,N ́diphenethylethylenediamines were determined by high performance liquid chromatography, and varied from 2.54 3.71. In particular, the 3-fluoro analog exhibited a log k ́w = 2.54 accompanied by a σ1 receptor Ki = 7.8 nM. These novel N,N ́-diphenethylethylenediamines warrant further investigation in behavioral assays, and radiolabeled versions may prove suitable for in vivo studies of σ1 receptors. *Corresponding author: Susan Z Lever, PhD, Room 125 Chemistry Building, University of Missouri – Columbia, 601 South College Avenue, Columbia, MO 65211 USA, Tel: (573) 882-8395; Fax: (573) 882-2754; E-mail: levers@missouri. edu Received September 22, 2011; Accepted November 08, 2011; Published December 25, 2011 Citation: Fitzsimmons JM, Lever JR, Lever SZ (2011) Synthesis and σ1 Receptor Binding of Halogenated N,N ́-Diphenethylethylenediamines. Medchem 1:102. doi:10.4172/2161-0444.1000102 Copyright: © 2011 Fitzsimmons JM, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.


The topological relationship of spatial object is one of the most important aspects in GIS modeling,and it is the basis of spatial inquiry and analysis.The description of spatial relationships has been taken considerable attention in the field of GIS.At present,the research of spatial objects topological relation model was usually abstracted as crisp objects.But,there is fuzziness in special data inevitably when abstracted and generalized into objects in GIS, thus the description of fuzzy objects spatial relationships is also a research focus.In order to describe topological relations between fuzzy objects,the fifth reference literature has put forward an extended 9-intersection model,but it had some disadvantages.Aimed at these disadvantages,rough set theory is used in this paper based on the 4-Intersection-Difference model,a model which can describe the spatial topological relations of certainty and uncertainty region was put forward,and the topological relations of fuzzy objects were discussed.


Numerous recent studies have identified microalgae biofuel as one of the major renewable energy sources for sustainable development due to their high biomass productivity, high lipid content, and availability of locally adapted strains in various geographical locations. There have been minimal studies on the fatty acid composition of lipid production on local microalgae species in Sabah, Malaysia. Thus, screening for local microalgae species capable of producing biodiesel can aid in the selection of suitable species. This study aimed to isolate and identify promising local microalga as biodiesel feedstock for mass cultivation. Eight microalgae species, Acutodesmus obliquus, Chaetoceros muelleri, Isochrysis galbana, Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Chlamydomonas monadina, Chlorella emersonii, Nannochloropsis oculata, and Tetraselmis chuii, were successfully isolated and identified from Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. The isolated microalgae were characterized based on the lipid/biomass productivity, lipid content and fatty acid profiles. These isolates had biomass productivity of 0.11–0.78 g/L/day, lipid content of 11.69–39.00% dry weight, and lipid productivity of 21.11–252.64 mg/L/day. According to GC-MS analyses, four isolates produced more than 80% of C14–C18 fatty acids, which were A. falcatus (95%), C. emersonii (93%), A. obliquus (91%), and C. muelleri (81%). Despite its low biomass productivity, C. muelleri was chosen as the best biodiesel species candidate because of its moderately high lipid productivity (42.90 mg/L/day), highest lipid content (39% dry weight), high level of MUFAs and C14–C18 FAs (81.47%), with the highest oleic acid proportion (28.38%), all of which are desirable characteristics for producing high-quality biodiesel.


Urban heat islands (UHI) are one of the unequivocal effects of the ongoing process of climate change: anthropized areas suffer extreme heat events that affect the human perception of comfort. This study investigated the effects of road pavements as a passive countermeasure by comparing the air temperature (AT) and the predicted mean vote (PMV) for different surface materials used to pave a historical square in Rome, Italy. The software ENVI-met has been used to compare, for the whole year 2021, the performances of the existing asphalt pavement with five alternative solutions composed of light concrete, bricks, stone, wood, and grass. This paper proposed a new methodology to summarize the multi-dimensional results over both temporal and spatial domains. The results of the simulations in the evening of the hottest month showed the existing asphalt pavement gives the worst performance, while the light concrete blocks and the grass pavement ensure the coolest solutions in terms of AT (the average AT is 32 °C for the asphalt pavement and 30 °C for the modular one) and PMV (the maximum PMV value is 4.6 for the asphalt pavement and 4.4 for the modular and grass ones).


The present invention provides an apparatus for implanting directly into the spinal cord for the purpose of treating back pain. Electrodes, as a source of electrical stimulation and pain relief, is placed on a substrate directly matches the spinal cord. Electrode array is outside of the spinal cord by a spring or support structure which is secured to anatomical structures near the implantation site, is maintained in a selected position of the spinal cord surface. Suitable anchoring structure includes the vertebrae and the dura. In state where the fixed support structure, a moderate pressure of the electrode array to the spinal cord, electrical contact is thereby sustained maintained to minimize injury or inflammation. The apparatus, as the electrode array remains in place, movement and caudal to the transverse direction of the spinal cord - addresses both the movement of the rostral, and can ease their movement.