The article considers the issues of educational motivation, in particular the motivation to study biology in secondary and specialized public schools. The paper examines types of learning motivation: internal and external (Derbeniova, 2012), social motives to learn (Bozhovych, 2001), motivation as a personal trait (Leontiev, 2002). Issues with low involvement of high school students to take an external examination in biology were also in focus. Some scholars argue, that secondaryschools are mainly focused on maintaining external motivation in the form of tests, orders and requirements, which has a detrimental effect on internal motivation and leads to a gradual decrease in students' interest in learning (Makovetska, 2015), while specialised  high school, in particular in the natural sciences, creates motivating learning environments, like innovative forms and methods of teaching, which build stronger student conscious motivation for learning and facilitate cognitive activity, which promotes the development of abilities and talents, needs and skills for self-improvement. future training (Moroz, 2006). Therefore, the purpose of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of student motivation to study biology in secondary school and in the lyceum of biological profile.
The phenomenon of motivation and learning motivation of secondary school students and specialized medical education institutions by surveying high school students using the methods of O. Okuneva, L. Vasilieva and additional questions on motivation to study biology. According to the method by O. Okuneva, L. Vasilieva, the level of development of learning motivation, type of motivation and motivation indicator as an indicator of success and avoidance of failures were revealed, factors influencing student learning were analysed. It is established that all blocks of the motivational structure have higher scores among the respondents of the specialised institution of secondary education. The largest statistical difference was observed in students of the two institutions in block 2, the formation of the ability to set goals. Students of the profile institution have a higher individual focus on learning, better formed internal incentives, as well as greater self-confidence and independence from other members of the group, whichhelps to choose a future profession. As a result of the survey, organizational forms of education and types of tasks that should be used in the educational process in order to strengthen the learning motivation of high school students are identified.


The asthmatic patient who becomes pregnant needs expert management to minimize the possibility of a poor outcome. Dr Barsky stresses the importance of good rapport and cooperation between physician and patient, explains the effects of pregnancy on asthma and vice versa, and discusses the pharmacotherapy that is often necessary to maintain the health of both mother and baby.


marketing mix along with product planning, pricing and distribution. When planning the total promotional program in a company, management must ordinarily make use of the campaign concept. "A campaign is a co-ordinate series of promotional efforts built around a single theme or idea and designed to reach a predetermined goal". The term "campaign" is often in connection with advertising and it seems more appropriate to apply the concept of a campaign first to the entire promotional program. Then the total promotional campaign can be subdivided into its advertising, personal selling and sales promotion components' . In developing a promotional campaign company should establish the campaign goal as to aim at consumer of their product, segmenting the market according to their product or services. Geographically a company has local regional and national campaign depending upon the availability of funds and objectives. The factor which should influence the promotional mix are the amount of money available for promotion,


Al–Mn–Si specimens were subjected to constrained groove pressing, cold-rolling and annealing, respectively. Microstructure characterizations indicated that second-phase particles were arranged along the material flow direction and did not orient at grain boundaries. Analysis of x-ray diffraction patterns exhibited that severe straining led to dynamic restoration and lattice swelling. Since findings for annealed specimens did not follow a linear trend; however, they were in good agreement with corrosion characteristics and electrical conductivity results. Outputs of electrochemical polarization test revealed that corrosion rate has direct correlation with lattice distortion and dislocation density measurements. As most of the particles have not remarkable open circuit potential with aluminum matrix along with other existent particles and also did not contain required size to act as origin of pitting corrosion, they would capable of forming the passive layer porous and subsequently could prevent encouraging uniform passive layer. In the case, they let the aggressive ions to penetrate beneath the passive layer and react with talented sites like dislocations and grain boundaries. Scrutiny of lattice d-spacing proved that by imposing deformation, electrical conductivity alters by change in d-spacing since by annealing at elevated temperature conductivity follows the winner of competition between d-spacing, lattice distortion and particles transformations.


The combination of the Fenton's reagent with electrochemistry (the electro-Fenton process) represents an efficient method for wastewater treatment. This study describes the use of this process to clean soil or clay contaminated by organic compounds. Model soil of kaolinite clay polluted with the dye Lissamine Green B (LGB) was used to evaluate the capability of the electro-Fenton process. The effects of operating parameters such as electrode material and dye concentration were investigated. Operating in an electrochemical cell under optimized conditions while using electrodes of graphite, a constant potential difference of 5 V, pH 3, 0.2 mM FeSO4· 7H2O, and electrolyte 0.1 M Na2SO4, around 80% of the LGB dye on kaolinite clay was decolorized after 3 hours with an electric power consumption around 0.15 W h g−1. Furthermore, the efficiency of this process for the remediation of a real soil polluted with phenanthrene, a typical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, has been demonstrated.


Space telerobots are recognized to require cooperation with human operators in various ways. Multi-level manual and autonomous control superposition in telerobot task execution is described. The object model, the structured master-slave manipulation system, and the motion understanding system are proposed to realize the concept. The object model offers interfaces for task level and object level human intervention. The structured master-slave manipulation system offers interfaces for motion level human intervention. The motion understanding system maintains the consistency of the knowledge through all the levels which supports the robot autonomy while accepting the human intervention. The superposing execution of the teleoperational task at multi-levels realizes intuitive and robust task execution for wide variety of objects and in changeful environment. The performance of several examples of operating chemical apparatuses is shown.


Common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) is a biotype which has different morphology and higher seedling production ability. Greenhouse studies were conducted to investigate the bioherbicidal activity of Curvularia lunata on common cocklebur. Xanthium strumarium L. is an exotic plant responsible for several agricultural, environmental and health problems in Sudan. Due to non -acceptability of conventional methods of control, the possibilities of its management through an indigenous strain of Curvularia lunata had been explored. . The present study experimentally emphasizes on the development of Curvularia lunata as a mycoherbicide in the management of the weed, Xanthium strumarium L., so C. lunata showed a good potential as a biocontrol agent for X. strumarium. Virulence and toxin production of C. lunata was of special interest. Spores of C. lunata easily germinated on X. strumarium leaves and invaded them through the stomata causing discrete leaf spots, which later coalesce causing leaf blight and ultimate death of leaves. The disease affected the productivity of X. strumarium significantly. It increased the number of dead leaves for single plants and competing plants. However, the production of new leaves was reduced for single plants and competing plants. K e y w o r d s


This paper analyzes how IT adoption affects differently on the shippers` make-buy decision, depending on the changes through agency and coordination problems. Empirical findings are consistent with the theoretical predictions on the changes of shippers` decision, summarized as follows. First, while the adoption of agency-cost reducing IT leads to the increase in the proportion of private fleets, the adoption of coordination-cost reducing IT leads to the increase in proportion of for-hire carriage. Second, the extent of private fleets changes depends on the primary product type that trucks load, with products of important service task experiencing more increase. Third, the extent of for-hire carriage changes depends on the truck`s trip distance, with long-trip trucks experiencing more increase. With the results, we present different policy implications from the conventionally advocated ones.


Wide bandwidth, lithium niobate integrated optical modulators have been packaged with GaAs monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) preamplifiers and control electronics to form hybrid photonic transmitter modules. MMIC preamplifiers with gain compensation have been used to compensate for the modulator frequency response and to flatten the overall response.


distributions on this interval, and it is shown that for both players it is optimal to choose their numbers from the Benford distribution. Furthermore, this strategy is optimal for any winning set, and the probability of winning is the Benford measure of the player's winning set. Using these results we prove that the original game in which the players choose integers has a well-defined value and that strategies exist that are arbitrarily close to optimal. Finally, we consider generalizations of the game in which players choose elements from a compact topological group and show that choosing them according to Haar measure is an optimal strategy.


Victor Stanley Brookes was born in Dudley in late November 1920. Victor and his younger brother were orphaned at a young age and were raised by a local apothecary, giving him his first taste of medicine. He attended Dudley Grammar School from 1932 to 1938, where he won the prestigious Ironmasters prize, as well as prizes in physics, chemistry, biology, and English. He won the Dudley Guest Hospital Scholarship to study medicine at Birmingham University Medical School. While attaining his MB ChB with first class honours in 1943 he secured the Queen's scholarship twice, the Ingleby scholarship, …


A vast amount of global mercury is believed to be stored in the Arctic, much of which is frozen in permafrost. Increasing temperatures in the Subarctic, leading to permafrost thaw, alter the global mercury cycle by mobilizing and releasing stored mercury. This is of concern since it allows mercury to spread though airand waterways. Moreover, mobilized mercury in combination with increased microbial activity can increase the production of methyl mercury (MeHg), a highly potent neurotoxin which readily bioaccumulates throughout food webs. We report current levels of total mercury (HgT) and MeHg for permafrost cores, ambient surface waters, and active layer pore waters across a gradient of sporadic permafrost (peat plateaus) ranging from coastal-mild to inland-cold climate in the northernmost part of continental Europe (Finnmark, Norway). To investigate the effect of microbial activity on mercury methylation, permafrost samples were thawed and subjected to long-term incubation under oxic, and oxic/anoxic conditions, with and without additional native DOC and extraneous C, N, P, S, and Hg additions. Microbial activity was monitored by CO 2 and CH 4 production. Our field samples indicate that the %MeHg of HgT are higher in the outlet of the peat plateau than in the inlet and that streams have a significantly higher %MeHg of HgT than ponds. In contrast, thermokarst ponds (collapsed peat plateaus) have a significantly higher concentration of HgT than streams. In the incubation experiments, presence or absence of oxygen had the largest impact on DOC and dissolved HgT accumulation; soil slurries incubated under anoxic conditions yielded higher concentrations of both DOC and dissolved HgT compared to oxic conditions. Selected results from ongoing experiments will be presented.


The attack on the World Trade Center in September 2001 was a monumental and symbolic event that changed the way people view certain radical movements especially Islam. For some, this is a new symbol of threat described as "the Green Menace" (Islamic World) against the West. For others, this is a milestone of resistance to the Western civilization. This article aims at elaborating the development of Islamic hard line movements in the post WTC attack, its movement pattern, method of understanding religious doctrine, social segmentation of movement followers, and the initial condition which triggers the rise of religious radicalism.


The article discusses the approaches and methods to study the Middle Jurassic deposits of the Tyumen Formation within the Frolov megadepression (West Siberian oil and gas province), which have high hydrocarbon potential. The materials refer to several areas with available 3D seismic data and several dozen oil wells.
 The problems of seismic interpretation and its application for geological modeling are considered. We also propose several ways to overcome them.


In an earlier study, learning by doing (LBD) was found to be insignificant in the Singapore construction industry. This paper examines the development of the formal education system to uncover some of the reasons why so little learning by doing occurs in the construction industry. Under the colonial authorities, construction education was neglected. But after political independence, it developed slowly despite a massive public housing program. Much of the labor supply comes from low-wage unskilled and semi-skilled foreign workers. In the case of local construction workers, skills training takes place within the context of a deliberate general education policy of streaming to reduce the high attrition rate that resulted from the colonial and post-colonial bilingual policy. Screening channels the bulk of weaker students towards the construction sector. At the tertiary level, the rapid expansion of polytechnic education to support high economic growth raises the issue of education quality and limited opportunities for upgrading. The result is a distinctive fourtier system of production based on foreign workers, local semi-skilled workers, technicians and professionals. The stark subclass consciousness is likely to impede learning.


The project had three (3) main components: - Qualitative Research: In-depth, one-on-one interviews with a total of 20 market participants who have solid experience and knowledge in SOE equitization. These included representatives from brokerage firms, investment firms, law firms, auditing firms, government, and SOEs themselves. - SOE Case Analysis: In-depth analysis of two "successful" SOE equitizations - Vietnam Airlines ("VNA") and Binh Son Refining and Petrochemical (BSR) and two "unsuccessful" equitizations - Becamex ("BCM") and Vietnam Rubber Group ("GVR"). - Data Analysis of SOE Equitizations and Divestment Trends: Using data from several government websites including from the Ministry of Finance, the Enterprise Development Agency (Ministry of Planning and Investment), VietnamFinance, and doimoidoanhnghiep.chinhphu.vn, trends in SOE equitization and divestment from 2011 to March 2018 (included planned and actual) were analysed.


In general, the objective of this research is to find out the effect of prostitution environment towards heterogenous behaviors among Islamic teenagers in KM 10 Timika, Papua. The other objectives of this research is to find out the condition of prostitution localisation in KM 10 Timika,Papua, to find out the effect of heterogeous behaviors among Islamic teenagers in KM 10, and to find out how much the effect of prostitution localisation towards heterogenous behaviors of Islamic teenagers in KM 10 Timika, Papua.
This research used quantitative approach to measure the effect of prostitution localisation towards heterogenous behaviors of Islamic teenagers in KM 10 Timika, Papua. To find out the effect, the researcher used simple linear regression using SPSS version 21. The research location took place in prostitution localisation of KM 10 Timika, Papua. The subjects of the research were teenagers, parents, and local religious leaders. The data collection technique was using closed questionnaire, observation, interview, and documentation.
The research result shows that there is a significant effect of prostitution location towards heterogenous behaviors among Islamic teenagers. The effect of prostitution localisation towards heterogenous behaviors among the teenagers is negative. The effect of variable X towards variable Y is 0.243, the obtained interpretation is reflected by R Square value (R2) = 0.243 = 24.3%. The value shows that prostitution localisation in KM 10 gives 24.3% effect towards heterogenous behaviors of Islamic teenagers.


Continuing research about Croat component in the processes of the Venetian inquisition, the author in this article examines inquiry against Marko Bravo - a priest from Budva who at that time lived in Venice. Document thatcontains information about this investigation comes from 1651 and today is kept in the State Archives in Venice within the fond of Venetian Saint Office (Santo Uffizio, Savi all'Eresia). This inquiry lasted exactly two months, and the priest from Budva was accused for the indecent implementation at confessions of local female Capuchins. During the inquisition many Venetian priests witnessed in behalf of Marko Bravo; with most of them Budvan priest had contact during his work in Venice. At the end of this process, within which one can find many written confessions in behalf of Bravo, Venetian inquisitors delivered liberating sentence. In addition the author serves a complete transcription of the inquiry against Marko Bravo.


Objective To investigate the preparation and quality evaluation of oleanolic acid self-microemulsion.Methods The ethyl oleate/EL-40/alcohol self-microemulsion system was prepared.The morphology,particle diameter distribution,physico-chemical properties and the stability of oleanolic acid self-microemulsion were studied.Results The microemulsion system was clear and transparent.The microemulsion vesicles appeared as sphere liquid droplet with a TEM electron microscope after diluted.The average diameter of the preparation was 49.8 nm.The stability test showed that the properties of the preparation were stable.Conclusion The self-microemulsion is easy to prepare and it can improve the solubility of oleanolic acid.


The COVID-19 pandemic has affected healthcare in several ways. Some patients were unable to make it to appointments due to curfews, transportation restrictions, and stay-at-home directives, while less urgent procedures were postponed or cancelled. Others steered clear of hospitals out of fear of contracting an infection. With the use of a conversational artificial intelligence-based program, the Talking Health Care Bot (THCB) could be useful during the pandemic by allowing patients to receive supportive care without physically visiting a hospital. Therefore, the THCB will drastically and quickly change in-person care to patient consultation through the internet. To give patients free primary healthcare and to narrow the supply-demand gap for human healthcare professionals, this work created a conversational bot based on artificial intelligence and machine learning. The study proposes a revolutionary computer program that serves as a patient's personal virtual doctor. The program was carefully created and thoroughly trained to communicate with patients as if they were real people. Based on a serverless architecture, this application predicts the disease based on the symptoms of the patients. A Talking Healthcare chatbot confronts several challenges, but the user's accent is by far the most challenging. This study has then evaluated the proposed model by using one hundred different voices and symptoms, achieving an accuracy rate of 77%.


Microsatellite markers were employed to map the major restoring gene for male sterility with Ae.kotschyi, Ae.variabilis, Ae.ventricosa cytoplasms by using materials of NILs and BC'_1 to probe into the genetic mechanism of fertility restoration. The results showed that 18 sets of SSR primers which were located on the chromosome 1BS of wheat were screened for polymorphism between the NILs, and 6 of which were found polymorphic. Linkage analysis indicated that Xwmc406,Xbarc8,Xwmc611 and Xgwm273 were linked to the restoring gene. The breeding for new fertility restorer lines of male sterility with Ae.kotschyi, Ae.variabilis, Ae.ventricosa cytoplasms would be facilitated by using these polymorphic markers. The result also showed that the fertility restoration of male sterility with Ae.kotschyi, Ae.variabilis, Ae.ventricosa cytoplasms was mainly controlled by both major fertility restoring gene and some minor enhance genes of fertility. The restoring gene which was marked in this research should be Rfv1. The distances between the restoring gene and the 4 markers were 2.7, 2.8, 21.4 and 26.2cM, and the sequence of the 4 markers and Rfv1 were Xwmc406, Rfv1, Xbarc8, Xwmc611 and Xgwm273.


The work presents some investigation results of the Space Weather state during the macrosynoptic processes movements in North Atlantic and Eurasia extratropical latitudes. The types of these processes, as it is known, were defined by A. F. Vangengeim as atmosphere circulation types: E-type (east transport in the troposphere which matches with stable anticyclone above the continent), W-type (west transport), and C-type (meridional transport).

The investigation time interval: 1.01.2007 – 1.01.2014. That corresponds to: the Solar Activity (SA) 23 cycle fall branch, the SA minimum, the rise branch of the 24 SA cycle, the maximum of 24 SA cycle.

From the investigation we have found out the different periods of the circulation types conservation:  (5-7) days which corresponds to the Natural Synoptic Period (NSP) in Europe region – in our study we have registered 95 NSP cases - it occurs 45% of all discovered periods); (7-10) days – 27% (58 cases), and the Long Period (LP) which endured more than 10 days - 28% (59 cases).

Here we compare the space weather state at the beginnings of NSP and LP.

We have investigated the matching of LP-circulation with registered Long-live Pressure Systems (LPS) on different terrestrial latitude locations - Saint-Petersburg (59o57‘N, 30o19‘E) and Tambov (52o43‘N, 41o27‘E).

Space Weather parameters were: global  variations of SA parameters; daily characteristics of the SA flare component in various bands of the electromagnetic spectrum; variations of Interplanetary Space characteristics in Earth vicinity; variations of daily statistics of Geomagnetic Field characteristics.

Results: (1) The modes of LP-circulation distributions are in the SA maximum and on the SA rise branch (37% and 36% of all LP cases respectively). (2) LP- E-type occurs 56% of all LP. (3) NSP- W-type occurs 48% of all NSP. (4) Most frequent LP- E- type placed on the SA rise branch (24% of all LP). (5) The opening and final moments of LP-circulations was not the same for those moments of LPS on different terrestrial latitude locations but 50% of Saint-Petersburg LPS and 81% of Tambov LPS were intersecting with the time intervals of LP-circulations. (6) All Saint-Petersburg anticyclonic LPS and 82% of them in Tambov area have registered with the E-type of atmosphere circulation. (7) The behaviour of the whole Space Weather parameters complex is specific for LP and differs from it for NSP of different circulation types. (8) The days of the maximal difference of abovementioned complexes were discovered in the folder epoch’s interval – that shows the good forecast perspective. (9) The concrete Space Weather parameters which difference the moments of LP-beginnings from NSP-beginnings are listed in the work.

Results may be useful for the understanding of the solar-terrestrial connections and can create the base for the forecast of atmosphere response to the space impact.


Introduction This chapter reports on and examines the dynamics of hope ethics consultants encountered when talking with pregnant women and their partners. These dynamics were primarily identified from a series of meetings and extensive conversations held with more than 200 pregnant women and their partners who visited Vanderbilt University Medical Center seeking either more information about, or to have, open-uterine fetal repair of spina bifida. Therefore, it is important to note that these conversations occurred before the Management of Myelomeningocele Study (MOMS) trial that is now underway as a multicenter randomized, controlled clinical study, supported by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). There are multiple and uniquely complex issues that make maternal–fetal surgery to repair fetal spina bifida such an area for controversy—the maternal–fetal dyad, debates about the moral status of the fetus, and the risks involved in repairing a severe, but nonlethal, fetal malformation. In the context of a randomized clinical trial, the scientific approach to these issues taken by investigators and the surgical team during the evaluation and consent process, as well as the Correspondence: Mark J. Bliton, PhD, 319 Oxford House Center for Clinical and Research Ethics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-4350. E-mail: email@example.com


Within new established tree nurseries, for development of young trees in the earlyyears,  the  determining  factor  is  their  ability  to  resist  deviations  from  normal  climatic  elements.  It  is known that beach young trees have poor resistance to extremes of climatic variations. The aim of our research is to emphasize the frost effect reported on spring months, upon young tree development. The research  was  carried  out  within  units  (UP)  of  the  forests  of  Sovata  Forestry  Office  located  on  the South -  Western  part  of  volcanic  Gurghiu  Mountains  and  a  small  part  of  Transylvanian  Carpathian Mountains. The average annual temperatures recorded in Gurghiu Mountains in the highlands of the cones,  are  among  2 -  6 0C.  The  research  was  conducted  during  April  1999 -  March  2001  in  areas considered  representative  and  aimed  to  record  the  influence  of  microclimate  in  stands  of  beech,  in conditions  of  specific  forestry  works,  performed  for  supplying  the  natural  regeneration  of  trees. Measurements were carried out in several of points evenly spread across the research area, according to a specific experimental design. During the nights of May 3 and 4, temperatures fell to - 4.3 0C and - 0.8 0C, respectively, and as consequence, on 7 and 8th of May, we found that over 60% of the seedlings were destroyed by frost. The phenomenon was more pronounced in a UP surface exposed to the south, in comparison with those with north - east exposure where frost damage represented 10 to 13%. Our study  demonstrates  the  importance  of  practicing  an  appropriate  forest  management,  taking  into account  the  natural  conditions,  and  also  all  the  possible  temperature  scenarios  concerning  winter conditions and temperature in concerned area.


For categorical data analysis, the collapsibility were explained with the odds ratio (cross-product ratio). When these theories with these odds ratios are applied to real contingency tables, it is impossible to decide whether data are collapsible. Among graphical methods to represent odds ratios, Contour plot which is developed by Doi, Nakamura and Yamamoto (2001) could explain the structure of these data, but cannot decide on the collapsibility. In this paper, by using the Raindrop plot proposed by Barrowman and Myers (2003), we suggest an alternative method which can not only explain the structure of data, but also decide on the collapsibility.


John Dewey is probably the greatest philosopher that America has produced, and his book Art as Experience perhaps the most significant treatise on aesthetics to come out of the American twentieth century. Yet in the first few pages of this book Dewey has seen fit to begin his argument with a sharp, direct, and sustained attack upon the institution of the modern art museum and exhibition gallery. Dewey, of course, wants to restore continuity between those refined and recondite objects that are "works of art" and the everyday experiences with which they were originally associated. He deplores the acts of collection and segregation by which they are removed from their original place in the ongoing life of society. He is alarmed at the remoteness which they enjoy by being taken from their original habitat and placed in a special repository. He rejects the rationale by which they are separated from their original role as agents of general cultivation and civic enhancement. It is clear that Dewey is upset by those forces that have glorified fine art by setting it upon a far-off pedestal and that his argument is against aesthetic abstraction, estrangement, artificiality. But as the argument proceeds, it becomes clear that a social critique is also under way and that, without explicit acknowledgment, Dewey's strictures have been profoundly influenced by Thorstein Veblen and his great classic, The Theory of the Leisure Class. And this causes him to search out some of the historic reasons for the rise of "the compartmental conception of fine art" and to


These two important contributions to the debate on the international politics and economics of climate change could not be more timely. The final communiqué from the Copenhagen Conference has been interpreted widely as a failure, a short document, devoid of targets, devoid of funding and lacking any 'hard' numbers or commitments. The current situation is that the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol expires in 2 years, time. As yet, there is nothing to replace it. As the contributors to these volumes point out, the international 'architecture' established under Kyoto is also far from perfect. Various carbon markets, established around the world, are suffering from falling volumes and fluctuating prices, making long-term planning for technical change virtually impossible. The clean development mechanism (CDM) wanes in the face of high transaction costs, project approval difficulties and street level resistance in Southern nations hosting CDM projects. These volumes offer critical appraisals of current climate policies before moving on to explore possible alternatives for climate policy. Contributors to both consider whether existing international agreements on climate change and existing climate policies can be modified and improved or whether a complete change of direction is necessary. Aldy and Stavins' book is a summary of the much larger Harvard Project on International Climate Agreements, which brings together political scientists, economists, scientists and others to research the most effective policies for tackling climate change. This is a tightly focused collection, which considers a specific area of international environmental policy in considerable detail. It includes two substantive introductory chapters by the editors, followed by a series of chapters containing summaries of research undertaken by contributors to the Harvard project. The book edited by Helm and Hepburn is a comprehensive collection of essays by political scientists, Environmental Politics Vol. 19, No. 4, July 2010, 657–661


Drawing on social exchange theory and social information processing theory, the paper analyzes the impact of performance appraisal orientation on knowledge hiding behavior and further discusses the mediating role of competitive climate and cooperative climate. By a questionnaire survey to knowledge employees in Hebei, Beijing and Tianjin, we collected 229 samples. The hierarchical regression model is used to explore the influencing mechanism of knowledge hiding. The results verify all hypotheses as well as shed light on the practice of management.


The 1st Incheon Rapid Transit Line opened in October, 1999. However, the current development plans for areas near stations do not involve plans for the both urban planning and transportation together. As the focus on only the aspect of installing a new transportation mode, the developments even make the problems such as reckless development and traffic congestion gets worse. It is required to analyse status of the current land uses and land use plans in the future and consider distribution of functions of the areas near stations and aims of development plans so as to harmonize the functions of each region in view of making balance in the whole city. The aims of developments of areas near stations has to focus on the study follows steps to find and suggest aims and strategies for the revitalization plan for areas near stations with considering the both transportation and land uses together. The plans for the areas near stations of the Incheon 1st Rapid Transit Line are analysed and then the features and rational strategies are derived. The impact is analysed as applying the development strategies derived from the step into the areas near the stations of Incheon 1st Rapid Transit line.


Abstract The article gives an overview on how liturgy is practised and reflected on in the German speaking as well as the French speaking reformed churches in Switzerland.


Assessment plays an important part of the Teaching and Learning (T&L) process. It is the duty of the teachers to carry out assessment tasks that would suit their intended purpose. However, AFL or Formative Assessment as it is known has been in the decline lately as the Summative Assessment has been in the leading role. But the importance of AFL in the T&L process and the benefit of it have seen an increase in the implementation of AFL in the T&L process. A survey was conducted among the Cluster School Teachers in Malaysia to get their view on the assessment practices and the value they hold about the assessment practices. The research findings suggests that teachers view on the value they hold about assessment practices and the actual practices does not show a lot of difference. It can be concluded that teachers view about AFL is at moderately high level. The mean score of feedback for practices and value are at the high level. Unlike the feedback, questioning records a mean score at the high level but their practices are at the moderately high level. Other aspects of AFL are in the moderately high level.


Just outside Viriambundo there is a building with three portraits painted on the wall: Fidel Castro, Agostinho Neto, and Leonid Brezhnev. While I was photographing, a young man, a teacher from a school close by, came to talk to me. He was curious about why I would want an image of these three men. We chatted a while. He was interested in computers and the internet and the ways they could aid education in places faraway like this. He did not share my excitement about this image of the 'holy trinity'. He said that the war had gone on too long and now it had to be left behind, that Angolans wanted to move forward and that the future was about different things. (1) --Jo Ractliffe Southwestern Africa, including present-day Angola, Namibia, Botswana, and South Africa, remains a contested space rife with conflict. From postcolonial dissent within African nations, and civil wars doubling as proxies for the Cold War, to the oppressive contrivances of apartheid, this region of the African continent is a labyrinth of volatility. Without a doubt, this capricious state has come to define the cultural imaginary' of the region. Despite the seemingly shared subjugation across these countries, for some, like South African photographer Jo Ractliffe, many of these conflictual and contested areas are Active, mythical places. For Ractliffe, as a white South African, Angola, in particular, "was simply 'the border,' a secret, unspoken location where brothers and boyfriends were sent as part of their military service." (2) Ractliffe contends that she "knew little about it [Angola], beyond the war"; hence her mythopoeic thought seems warranted. (2) It was around the mid-1980s, however, that Ractliffe's fabled thoughts (and agency) slowly began to take shape upon her reading of Another Day of Life (1976), Ryszard Kapuscinski's account of the Portuguese retreat in Angola following the overthrow of the colonial system in 1975. In her letters dating back to November 2007 with Nigerian curator Okwui Enwezor, Ractliffe shared that she was moved by how the Angolan resistance against the Portuguese empire was part and parcel of being in southwestern Africa (4); for Ractliffe there was a phenomenological semblance whereby the Angolan struggle for independence mirrored South Africa under apartheid governance. (5) This epiphany of sorts set into effect a desire to unpack these myths around the Angolan Civil War (1975-2002) and related military entanglements known in South Africa as the Border Wars (1966-89). What resulted were three photographic series: Terreno Ocupado (2007-08), As Terms do Fim do Mundo (2009-10), and The Borderlands (2011-13). These three bodies of work are the focus of The Aftermath of Conflict: Jo Ractliffe's Photographs of Angola and South Africa at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (August 24, 2015-March 6, 2016). While the curators of the exhibition--Dr. Yaelle Biro and Dr. Evelyn Owen--focused on the conflict and controversy burdening these landscapes, it might be far more prescient to consider their underbelly. That is, what if these traumatized landscapes were more than the Western ideologies and unforgiving histories that left economies vapid and servicemen adrift? The Aftermath of Conflict harbors a noteworthy paradox that coalesces with Susan Sontag and her writings on the photograph as "implicitly magical" and an "attempt to contact or lay claim to another reality." (6) There is no doubt that the photographs in the exhibition reflect a reality in which landscape stands in for conflict. Yet Ractliffe arrived at this concern for landscape, war, and dispossession through myth. If we follow this logic alongside Sontag's observations on photography, we would be remiss not to consider Ractliffe's "foreignness" (7) in these landscapes. This "foreignness," however, goes beyond phenotypic cues, with the artist's racialization being rooted in a cultural divergence from Angola. Even in speaking about the construction of her foreignness, Ractliffe meditates on how the mythical narrative around past, present, and future distinguishes her from the people of Angola. …


The fast and direct detection of small quantities of biomolecules improves early medical diagnosis of certain serious diseases as cancers and can be used to detect in situ the presence of pathogenic viruses or GMOs for food industry, protection environmental and bio-defense. Numerous research projects are conducted on nanoelectronic devices that can perform such detection with high sensitivity using nanostructures. Currently, these devices are made from Silicon nanowires [1]. For these applications, Silicon Carbide (SiC) material can advantageously replace Silicon as this semiconductor is now known to be biocompatible and to show a high chemical inertness [2]. Here, we present the electrical detection of DNA using a SiC Nanowire Field Effect Transistor (NWFET). The NWFETs are fabricated and then functionalized with DNA molecules. Between each step of the functionalization process, I-V characteristic measurements are performed. Comparative and simultaneous measurements are carried out on two SiC NWFETs: one is the sensor and the second one is used as a reference. Some interesting properties of the sensor are studied for the first time which opens the way to future developments of SiC nanowire based sensors.


An initial design study of high-transonic-speed transport aircraft has been completed. Five different design concepts were developed. These included fixed swept wing, variable-sweep wing, delta wing, double-fuselage yawed-wing, and single-fuselage yawed-wing aircraft. The boomless supersonic design objectives of range = 5560 km (3000 nmi), payload = 18,143 kg (40,000 lb), Mach = 1.2, and FAR Part 36 aircraft noise levels were achieved by the single-fuselage yawed-wing configuration with a gross weight of 211,828 kg (467,000 lb). A noise level of 15 EPNdB below FAR Part 36 requirements was obtained with a gross weight increase to 226,796 kg (500,000 lb). The off-design subsonic range capability for this configuration exceeded the Mach 1.2 design range by more than 20%. Although wing aeroelastic divergence was a primary design consideration for the yawed-wing concepts, the graphite-epoxy wings of this study were designed by critical gust and maneuver loads rather than by divergence requirements. The transonic nacelle drag is shown to be very sensitive to the nacelle installation. A six-degree-of-freedom dynamic stability analysis indicated that the control coordination and stability augmentation system would require more development than for a symmetrical airplane but is entirely feasible. A three-plane development plan is recommended to establish the full potential of the yawed-wing concept.


PURPOSE: A substrate structure with a buried wiring, a semiconductor device using the same, manufacturing methods thereof are provided to easily control the depth of an ion injection layer by controlling the size of ion injection energy for accelerating ions. CONSTITUTION: An insulation layer(150) is formed on a support substrate(160). A line type conductive layer pattern(122) extended in a first direction is formed in the insulation layer. A line type semiconductor pattern(104) is formed on the upper side of the conductive layer pattern and in the inside of the insulation layer. A barrier layer pattern(112) is formed between the conductive layer pattern and the semiconductor pattern. A capping layer pattern(132) is formed on the lower side of the conductive layer pattern.


OPC has been widely applied to coal mine automation control system as an industry standard of communication between the field control substation and PC in the control system. In this paper, through the analysis and design for the transport system of coal mine belt conveyor, communication between the PC and S7-300 PLC is realized by using OPC technology. This paper gives the configuration scheme of OPC Server and develops the OPC Client program. The actual operation shows that the system is stable, reliable of communication and high of data real-time.


The present invention provides a cured material even if the shape is complicated and long-distance non-irradiated portion of a dark portion can be cured photocurable material. Photocurable material is a curable and radically curable anionic curable both by light irradiation and capable of curing the photocurable liquid composition which contains (meth) acrylates and a chain transfer agent, the chain transfer containing more than one agent is selected from a urethane bond, a urea bond or at least one isocyanate group and one or more compounds of the alkoxysilyl group, the irradiation light can not reach even a portion can be cured.


Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc.) is an edible legume that represents one of the main income sources for women activities. For the improvement of desirable characters such as yield and ability to resist to abiotic and biotic stress, knowledge of the magnitudes of variation in the available accessions, the relation of characters with yield, extend of environmental influences on these is essential. The aim of this review was to identify the major agro-morphological characters that allow differentiating bambara groundnut accessions, that could be use to set up selection strategies for varieties improvement. Characters like canopy spread, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed length, seed width and weight of 100 seeds are positively correlated to yield per plant. A negative correlation was revealed between days to 50% flowering and yield per plant indicating that plants which take more time on vegetative stage have fewer yields in semi-arid conditions of production. The phenotypic characters therefore provide a useful measure of genetic variability among bambara genotypes and will enable the identification of potential parental materials for future breeding programs.


Background and Aims:  The majority of the acidity of a grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) berry is a result of the accumulation of l-tartaric (TA) and l-malic acids (MA). TA is synthesised from l-ascorbic acid (Asc, vitamin C), the metabolism of which is poorly characterised in grapevines. In a distinct pathway, oxalic acid (OA) is also formed from Asc degradation. The aim of this study was to develop a single method whereby the distribution of Asc and its catabolites from fruit and vegetative sources could be determined.

Methods and Results:  Effective recoveries of total Asc, TA, OA and MA were achieved with this extraction method, while chromatographic separation was accomplished with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). These results demonstrate that Asc and its catabolites TA and OA rapidly accumulate in immature berries, and that the Asc to dehydroascorbate ratio increases with berry maturity.

Conclusions:  A method for the simultaneous analysis of Asc, TA, OA and MA in fruits is provided; moreover, we have demonstrated its use to study their distribution in fruits, rachis, leaves and roots.

Significance of the Study:  This method enables accurate monitoring of the accumulation of Asc, permitting further research towards understanding acid metabolism during berry ripening.


Editor — Therecentpublicationoftheclinicalinvestigationoffen-tanyl-induced cough and postoperative nausea and vomiting by Li and colleagues 1 is of great interest to us. The authors have ex-tensively studied the risk factors and closely looked at the links between fentanyl use and postoperative nausea and vomiting. However, we feel that the fentanyl-induced cough is associated withstimulationof the recurrent laryngeal nerverather than histamine release as they stated. Speci fi cally, stimulation of pul-monary opiate receptors, which may be associated with vagal afferents, elicits a re fl ex activation of expiratory recurrent laryngeal motor neurones, resulting in an increase in laryngeal resistance. 2 As the authors rightly stated, histamine release after fentanylhasnotbeenprovedinhumans. Thus,fentanyl-induced cough could be related to histamine, or more likely, it is attribut-able to the recurrent laryngeal nerve stimulation. This would be in accordance with the authors ' observation that laryngeal stridor is not eased and can worsen with further fentanyl doses in spontaneously breathing patients because of this increased laryngeal resistance. Thequestionis,doesfentanylrepresentariskfactorforlaryn-geal stridor as well as cough? Or is more work needed?


Over the years I have heard many reasons cited for Ralph Lemon's disbanding his successful modern dance company in 1995 and embarking on the Geography Trilogy. He wanted to break away from habitual structures for dance-making, or to collaborate with artists of other cultures, or to question his own self-image as an American artist of somewhat distant African descent and more immediate Buddhist practice. Nothing on that list is incorrect. But from my perspective as the dramaturg who has collaborated with Lemon since the trilogy's first workshop in 1997, those reasons are all facets of Geography's overarching project—a fundamental questioning and reimagining of the relationship between artist, stage, and audience.


This paper is an attempt at providing some reflections on consumer attitude. It examines the concept of consumer attitudes toward marketing efforts of businesses. Furthermore, the paper identifies the trilogy of consumer attitude, including samples of their measurement scales; and how attitudes connect to the behaviors of consumers, but notes that the companies would have difficulty influencing the purchasing behaviors of their consumers directly. To indirectly influence the behaviors of prospects, the paper therefore, suggests that firms should provide credible evidence of their product benefits, correct their customer misconceptions, offer free samples, engage new technologies, and bring in new innovations in value defining, developing, and delivering processes. Specifically, this paper recommends that the behaviors of consumers can be effectively changed to firm desired behavior by altering the tri-components of their target consumer attitudes. Knowledge and application of these can enable a firm effectively design rent-yielding strategies Keyword s: Attitude, attitude change, attitude components, attitude function, consumer attitude.


After starting out the research on important technology standard and the deployment of technology standard strategy in Nanning Guangxi,many corporations have produced a rich harvest on developing technology standard,reviving a corporation by creating famous brand and setting up technology standard system.In order to further propel the deployment of technology standard strategy,the paper suggests that a corporation should play its subjective role to carry out the strategy through analyzing some existing problems caused by the lack of awareness of the strategy,human resources and funds and the unsound standard system.


Following the identification of the interleukin (IL)‐1 type II receptor as a prototypic decoy receptor, nonsignaling receptors with decoy functions have been identified for members of the IL‐1/IL‐18,tumor necrosis factor, IL‐10, and IL‐13 receptor families. Moreover, the silent receptor D6 is a promiscuous decoy and scavenger receptor of inflammatory chemokines. The type II IL‐1 decoy receptor also acts as a dominant‐negative molecule. Intracellular pathways of inhibition of IL‐1 and Toll‐like receptor (TLR) signaling have been identified. In particular, recent results suggest that the Toll/IL‐1 receptor (TIR) family member TIR8, also known as single immunoglobulin IL‐1‐related receptor (SIGIRR), is a negative regulator of IL‐1 and TLR signaling. Thus, extracellular and intracellular decoys tune the activation of members of the IL‐1/TLR receptor family.


General considerations on UV-visible spectrometry Introduction Radiant energy Absorption User limitations Good spectroscopic practice Cell design and construction Introduction Cell materials and assembly Cell design Instrument design considerations Introduction Beam dimensions Beam divergence Beam making Cell-holders Detectors Liquid absorbance standards Solid absorbance standards Introduction Glass filters The use of polarizers to determine photometric linearity Metal screens Sector discs Metallic filters Light addition methods Conclusions and recommendations Stray-light Wavelength calibration Introduction Line source standards Absorption standards Other methods Conclusion Regulatory overview Recommended procedures for standardization Practical absorption spectrometry Absorption spectrometry Measuring the spectrum Numerical methods of data analysis Special techniques Automated sampling handling Glossary Appendix: History and selected publications of the UV Spectrometry Group Index


Papers presented at the third Post-Accident Heat Removal Information Exchange concerning heat distribution and criticality considerations, particulate-bed phenomena, pool heat transfer and melt-front phenomena, behavior of heated concrete and sodium-concrete interactions, design-related studies, gas bubbling and boiling effects, and materials interactions at high temperatures and experimental methods.


Provides a knowledge-increasable artificial neural network model and learns parameters by using a probability model. A conventional gradient algorithm is normally adopted to learn parameters in a KI network, but its performance isn't the best. The paper uses the natural gradient algorithm that takes the Riemannian metric of parameter space to define the parameters. This method can adaptively modify the parameters based on a Riemannian metric and achieve the approximate best performance.


Rotational spectra for ten isotopomers of chloroferrocene were measured using pulsed-beam Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. Rotational transitions due to both "a" and "b" dipole moments were measured in the 4–12 GHz range. Thirty rotational constants were determined from microwave data for the normal, 54Fe, 57Fe, 37Cl, and six unique 13C isotopomers, by fitting the microwave data using a rigid rotor Hamiltonian with centrifugal distortion and quadrupole coupling terms. The moments of inertia of the isotopomers were used in Kraitchman and in least-squares fitting analyses to determine gas-phase structural parameters. The unsubstituted cyclopentadienyl (C5H5) ligand was determined to have essentially fivefold local symmetry, while the chlorinated cyclopentadienyl ligand shows small, but significant distortions from the fivefold symmetry. The C–Cl bond is bent 2.7(6)° from the plane of carbon atoms. This substituted C5H4Cl ligand is tilted 1.4(5)° with respect to the unsubstituted C5H5 ligand. The ca...


The infections due to verocytotoxin producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) are considered a serious may cause large foodborne outbreaks with high mortality rate. VTEC strains, particularly E. coli O157, may be present in food of animal origin such as meat and milk, since ruminants are considered the main source of this microorganisms. In this paper the Authors report the preliminary results of a survey on the presence of VTEC strains in sheep and goat milk, using a multiplex-PCR assay for the sample screening. Positive samples were submitted to the bacteriological analysis for the isolation of the microorganisms. Among 81 analyzed samples, two goat milk samples (3.8%) showed the presence of VTEC virulence factors but no VTEC strains were isolated. Further studies are needed to evaluate the source of contamination of the milk and to understand which role sheep and goats play as a reservoirs of VTEC strains.


We give a criterion for the complete reducibility of modules satisfying a composability condition for a meromorphic open-string vertex algebra $V$ using the first cohomology of the algebra. For a $V$-bimodule $M$, let $\hat{H}^{1}_{\infty}(V, M)$ be the first cohomology of $V$ with the coefficients in $M$. Let $\hat{Z}^{1}_{\infty}(V, M)$ be the subspace of $\hat{H}^{1}_{\infty}(V, M)$ canonically isomorphic to the space of derivations obtained from the zero mode of the right vertex operators of weight $1$ elements such that the difference between the skew-symmetric opposite action of the left action and the right action on these elements are Laurent polynomials in the variable. If $\hat{H}^{1}_{\infty}(V, M)= \hat{Z}^{1}_{\infty}(V, M)$ for every $\Z$-graded $V$-bimodule $M$, then every left $V$-module satisfying a composability condition is completely reducible. In particular, since a lower-bounded $\Z$-graded vertex algebra $V$ is a special meromorphic open-string vertex algebra and left $V$-modules are in fact what has been called generalized $V$-modules with lower-bounded weights (or lower-bounded generalized $V$-modules), this result provides a cohomological criterion for the complete reducibility of lower-bounded generalized modules for such a vertex algebra. We conjecture that the converse of the main theorem above is also true. We also prove that when a grading-restricted vertex algebra $V$ contains a subalgebra satisfying some familiar conditions, the composability condition for grading-restricted generalized $V$-modules always holds and we need $\hat{H}^{1}_{\infty}(V, M)= \hat{Z}^{1}_{\infty}(V, M)$ only for every $\Z$-graded $V$-bimodule $M$ generated by a grading-restricted subspace in our complete reducibility theorem.


In this work, polyvinylidene fluoride–Cloisite15A® (PVDF–C15A) hollow fiber membranes were prepared, characterized and evaluated. The membranes were applied to treat a dye solution via a direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) system. The concentration of the C15A incorporated into the PVDF membrane was varied (3, 5 and 10 wt%) and the corresponding effects were investigated in terms of structural properties and performances. The PVDF–C15A membranes were prepared using a dry-jet wet spinning method and characterized with respect to their morphology, porosity, wetting pressure, contact angle, surface roughness, mechanical strength and thermal stability. The presence of the C15A particles was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) analysis. Highly porous membranes with large finger-like structures were shown by the SEM images. The characterization results indicated that the incorporation of C15A particles has shown a significant influence on the physicochemical properties of the membranes. The DCMD experiments revealed that the PVDF membrane incorporated with 3 wt% C15A (PVDF–3% C15A) exhibited the best MD performance in which complete dye rejection was able to be achieved with consistent permeate flux. The promising results obtained by the PVDF–3% C15A membrane are mainly attributed to its improved structural properties resulting from the good distribution of C15A particles in the membrane matrix. This study shows that the PVDF membranes incorporated with C15A particles have potential to further improve the performances of pristine PVDF membranes in DCMD of dyeing wastewater.


This paper is a result of many years of field and laboratory research of the soils in Strumica river basin, spread out on 148.124,02 ha, ranging from 150 to 1540 m above the sea level in order to gain a better understanding of the productive capacities of the soils and measures for their improvement. The filed research of the soils has been done according to methods described by (Markoski et al., 2014). In laboratory, the following analyses have been carried out on the soil samples: hygroscopic moisture; mechanical composition; pH of the soil solution; humus content and total nitrogen; content of carbonates; available nutrients P2O5 and K2O. The mechanical composition and chemical properties of the soils have been determined by standard methods described by (Belić et al, 2014), (Mitrikeski & Mitkova, 2001); (Resulović et al., 1971), (Džamić et al., 1996). This area is very heterogeneous, with numerous relief forms, with different expositions and inclinations, and with great differences of altitude. Additionally, there are several geological formations of a very heterogeneous petrographic-mineralogical composition and climate-vegetation zones. Long-term effects from human involvement should also be noted. The vast diversity of the factors required for soil formation in this area is the reason for the formation of many different soil types as well as the lower taxonomic units. These types of soils are characterized by different properties (chemical, physical, and physical-mechanical, productive). Therefore, they have varied effects on agricultural production. There are 14 (fourteen) different soil types distributed in the Strumica river basin together with a considerable amount of subtypes, varieties and forms. Mountain soils are prevalent in this river basin: 79.337,6 ha, or (53.56%) of the whole. Soils of lake terraces and of undulated hilly relief cover 30.507,42 ha, (20.59%), whereas soils of colluvial fans occupy 18.739,6 ha (12.65%) of the area. Finally, soils of the plains occupy 17.784,4 ha (12.01%) and Urbisol 1.755,57 ha (1.18%).


The corona epidemic poses a global health problem and therefore effective preventive measures are worn in public places,according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The COVID-19 epidemic has forced governments around the world to impose restrictions on the transmission of the virus. Reports show that wearing the right face while in public places and at work clearly reduces the risk of transmission. An effective and economical way to use machine learning is to create a safe environment for device setup. A hybrid model using the depth of the face mask detection machine will be introduced. The face mask detection databasecontains a mask and in addition to the facial images, we will use OpenCV to perform real-time facial detection from live streaming via our webcam. We will use the database to create a COVID-19 face mask detector from a computer view using Python, OpenCV, and Tensor Flow and Cameras. We aim to determine whether the person in the picture/video is wearing a face mask or not with the help of computer vision and in-depth reading and to show the same with caution. Steps to modeling are data collection, pre-processing, data classification, model testing, and modeling


In this paper, a novel phase based approach using fractional quaternion wavelet transform (FrQWT) is proposed for computing disparity as optical flow from a given sequence of images. In the proposed approach, phases are estimated from fractional quaternion analytic signal using the concept of quaternion algebra. Disparity is estimated as the optical flow using the phase difference method. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is carried out by different experiments on synthetic as well as on realistic image sequences.


A cohort study was conducted to assess Ankle/Arm index (A.A.I.) in 136 coronary patients (84 male, 52 female). Round two thirds of the tested subjects had abnormal A.A.I.; aging and male gender negatively influenced the index values. Low pressure indices were reflecting the combined effect of many risk factors and were putting related subjects at higher risk for acute coronary events and post-ischemic complications due to more wide spread and characteristically more complex lesions. The test is simple and cheap, it can be included in routine bedside clinical examination for a better risk stratification of cardiovascular diseases. Keyword: ankle/arm index, coronary angiography Introduction: espite advances in medical and interventional therapies, Coronary Artery Disease (C.A.D.) remains among the principal causes of mortality and long term morbidity [1] . Important risk factors include hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and cigarette smoking . It is likely that unknown and/or infrequently measured factors contribute to the development of clinical coronary artery disease . A common pathway to the clinical expression of coronary artery disease is the presence of subclinical atherosclerotic disease, the detection and quantitation of which may provide a method for integrating all cardiovascular risk factors, both known and unknown, thereby providing more precise information in term of probability of developing clinical coronary artery disease , besides acute coronary events often results from disruption of lesions that do not impair flow , therefore, the most promising methods for detecting individuals at high risk of acute coronary events may be those that specifically detect and measure atherosclerosis rather than stenosis . There is close relation between the presence of atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease (P.V.D.) and the presence of disease in the coronary circulation reflecting the diffuse nature of the atherosclerotic vascular disease . Fifty percent of peripheral vascular disease patients have significant coronary artery disease . many of whom are asymptomatic from the cardiac point, as they can not exercise sufficiently to develop anginal symptoms . In this study Ankle-Arm Pressure Index as anon-invasive physiologic detection technique, based on the assessment of functional impairment of blood flow in the arterial bed . was tested as a possible screening tool to detect coronary artery disease and its ability to predict coronary artery disease was compared with that of conventional risk factors. Patients & method: A cohort study was conducted in the catheterization laboratory/Ibn Alnafees Teaching Hospital for Cardiovascular Diseases in the period from November, 2002 through January 2003, whereby 136 adult patients, 84 males and 52 females, with coronary heart disease referred for coronary angiography were included in the study. History and physical examination were conducted to assess them for risk factors and peripheral pulses. Ankle/Arm index (AAI) was examined by an established method (5-8), briefly, blood pressure assessed by 2 independent readers using mercurial sphygmomanometer in both arms to trace the systolic (phase I) and diastolic (phase V) element, and the highest systolic reading was considered. Ankle systolic pressure was recorded in the posterior tibial artery of the right and the left legs using Doppler probe and machine (Echo-sounder E8-102M/ARS. Inc.) commonly used in obstetrical practice, and a random zero sphygmomanometer with the cuff positioned proximal to the medial maleolus, the pulse was located with the doppler probe and the cuff was inflated until pulse was obliterated, the cuff was deflated and the pressure recorded when the pulse reappeared, the highest pressure measured in any ankle artery was used. AAI was calculated from the ratio of the ankle to brachial pressure. A value ≥0.9 was considered normal (6-7), subjects with lower values were divided into 2 groups (<0.9->0.7; and ≤0.7) . Coronary angiography using Seldinger technique . through right femoral artery unless otherwise indicated was conducted to assess the coronary anatomy and classify any coronary lesion according to ACC/AHA classification scheme: lesion-specific characteristics . Data were analyzed using the available soft ware statistical package (SPSS-version 10) and then presented in simple measures of mean, SD, range, and median; the significance of difference was tested by paired t-test with the use of <0.05 as the level of significance. D ankle/arm index, coronary angiography Saad Eldin Majeed 284 Iraqi J. Comm. Med., July, 2005 18 (3) Results: Table-1 shows distribution of AAI in coronary patients subjected to coronary angiography while their age and sex distributions were revealed in table-2 & table-3. Table-4 expressing the effect of different risk factors on AAI, while table-5 & table-6 were tracing the effect of history of coronary heart disease in relation to AAI and the reason for coronary angiography. The approach to the angiographic technique and the details of the angiographic findings were all seen in tables 7, 8, 9, 10 &11 respectively. Table-1: The ankle/arm index (AAI) in patients with abnormal angiographic findings. Ankle/arm index (AAI) No. % Mean ± SD (Range) ≥ 0.9 38 27.9% 0.983 ± 0.088 (0.90 – 1.20) < 0.9 > 0.7 64 47.1% 0.795±0.050 (0.72 – 0.89) ≤ 0.7 34 25.0% 0.622±0.047 (0.55 – 0.70) Total 136 100% 0.804±0.146 (0.55 – 1.20) Table-2: The age distribution according to AAI in patients with abnormal angiographic findings. Ankle/arm index (AAI) Age groups (year-old) Mean ± SD (Range) 35-54 55-69 ≥ 70 No. % No. % No. % ≥ 0.9 10 25.4 22 32.54 6 21.54 57.42±11.0 (35-72) < 0.9 > 0.7 26 65.4 30 44.1 8 28.54 57.88±10.1 (35-78) ≤ 0.7 4 10 16 23.56 14 50 64.29±8.9 (45-75) Total 40 100% 68 100% 28 100% 59.35±10.4 (35.78) X 2 = 8.7, P = 0.01 (significant) Table-3: Sex distribution according to AAI in patients with abnormal angiographic findings. Ankle/arm index (AAI) Male Female Male: female ratio No. % No. % ≥ 0.9 22 26.2% 16 30.8% 1.4: 1 < 0.9 > 0.7 36 42.8% 28 53.8% 1.3: 1 ≤ 0.7 26 31.0% 8 15.4% 3.25: 1 Total 84 100% 52 100% 1.6:1 ankle/arm index, coronary angiography Saad Eldin Majeed 285 Iraqi J. Comm. Med., July, 2005 18 (3) Table-4: The ankle/arm index (AAI) in patients with abnormal angiographic findings in relation to different risk factors. Risk factors Ankle/arm index (AAI) < 0.9 ≥ 0.09 Diabetics A. Smokers Hypertensives Cholesterol ≥ 6.5 mmol/L 16 --Cholesterol < 6.5 12 --Normotensives Cholesterol ≥ 6.5 mmol/L 8 --Cholesterol < 6.5 6 --B. Non-smokers Hypertensives Cholesterol ≥ 6.5 mmol/L 6 --Cholesterol < 6.5 4 2 Normotensives Cholesterol ≥ 6.5 mmol/L 4 2 Cholesterol < 6.5 4 2 Non-Diabetics A. Smokers Hypertensives Cholesterol ≥ 6.5 mmol/L 8 2 Cholesterol < 6.5 4 2 Normotensives Cholesterol ≥ 6.5 mmol/L 6 2 Cholesterol < 6.5 4 4 B. Non-smokers Hypertensives Cholesterol ≥ 6.5 mmol/L 4 4 Cholesterol < 6.5 2 4 Normotensives Cholesterol ≥ 6.5 mmol/L 4 6 Cholesterol < 6.5 4 8 ankle/arm index, coronary angiography Saad Eldin Majeed 286 Iraqi J. Comm. Med., July, 2005 18 (3) Table-5: the AAI distribution with abnormal angiographic findings according to history of ischemic heart disease (IHD). AAI History of IHD Total Positive history Negative history


The purpose of this study was to characterize the Aptian lacustrine sequence of the Jatobá Basin in Northeastern Brazil. Emphasis was placed on the carbonate sedimentation within the Crato Formation of the Santana Group. We analyzed lithofaciological, petrographic, paleontological, geochemical, and paleoenvironmental aspects of samples collected in twelve outcroppings, in addition to the well. Forty-seven sections were selected and studied: twentynine from the stratigraphic well, and eighteen from the outcroppings. Of these samples, thirtyeight represent carbonates and nine from sandstone and silt rock layers. Study of the well core permitted identification, in the lacustrine sequence, of three facies associations: a) association of deltaic facies consisting of three lithofacies, b) association of terrigenous lacustrine facies, comprised of eleven lithofacies, and c) association of carbonate facies, consisting of four groups of microfacies. The combination of carbonate facies is made up of the following lithofacies: claycarbonate rhythmites, where two microfacies were individualized; limestone layers consisting of eight microfacies; the marls and, finally, the bioclastic limestones, also represented by only one microfacies. Twelve species of ostracods were identified, belonging to nine genera from four distinct families. Of particular note was the Ilyocyprididae family with six species, followed by the Cyprideidae family with four species, along with the Darwinulidae and Limnocytheridae families, each with one species. The results of Xray diffraction showed a prevalence of calcite in the limestone layers. Expansive clays were identified in the shales, with a predominance of interstratified illite-smectite followed by illite, kaolinite, and chlorite. Calcite is sometimes present, essentially as cement.


Fair sharing of bandwidth among tenants in datacenters is important to guarantee prompt execution while providing isolation between different jobs. Many existing methods require tenants to provide explicit bandwidth demands which is not always possible. We demonstrate that these demands can be estimated on hypervisors by real-time observation of a traffic. With implementation we show feasibility of fair bandwidth allocation mechanism based on real time traffic measurement. Introduction Recently, there is a significant interest in datacenter network allocation. Allocations aim to improve datacenter network utilization, to provide bandwidth guarantees and to incentivize tenants to share the infrastructure. Today, a tenant pays to cloud providers on per-VM basis. Recent studies show that network resources are not provided uniformly and fairly, many tenants experience high diversity in network bandwidth [1]. The tenants' requirement for network quantitative guarantees resulted in many allocation algorithms. These allocations aim to achieve a set of desired properties, namely, high-utilization, min-bandwidth guarantees, fairness. Out of multiple allocation algorithms, we highlight two classes -static and dynamic allocations. Dynamic allocations primary provide weights to the data transfer rates at which TCP congestion control operates. NetShare [2], FairCloud [3], and Seawall [4] are examples of dynamic allocation in the literature. On another hand, static allocations use pre-calculated at admission controller bandwidth reservations. Examples of such allocation methods are Oktopus [1] and SecondNet [5]. These reservations tenants request as a simplified model, at the same time provider places these models into the network. Two main forms of static allocation models are hose-model and matrix-model. Finally, some of the allocation methods attempt to utilize benefits of both classes and provide a hybrid class of dynamic and static allocation. Among the benefits dynamic allocations provide – as any implementation of TCP protocol – is highutilization: these allocations have work-conserving property. On another hand the isolation and, as a result, min-bandwidth guarantee are very hard to impossible to achieve with dynamic methods. Static allocations produce better guarantees for the tenants; the tenant which has static allocation will have hard bandwidth guarantees, which no any other tenant can break. However, most proposed allocation methods suppose that users' demands for traffic are known a priori. This is rarely the case because any complex distributed application is hard to predict. We argue that correct solution for bandwidth allocation problem should estimate demands in real time. STEM In a Nutshell We propose a novel fair and strategy-proof bandwidth allocation method which doesn't require traffic demands from users to operate – Strategy-proof Task-Enforcement Mechanism (STEM). This mechanism is based around the notion of tasks. Task is a set of related flows, where user is interested only in completion time of slowest of them, but not in individual completion times. Such related flows often emerge in a scatter-and-gather workflow, where some data have to be partitioned between processing machines, and results have to be gathered back. In that situation application performance is bounded by straggler flows. We consider that each tenant has only one job. Utility of each tenant is proportional to a minimal ratio of amount of allocated resource to amount of demanded among all resources. We call a set of tenant's demands for all resources — a demand vector. Because each tenant desires to get as much resources as possible, we are not interested in absolute values of tenants' demands. We have to consider only their relative values. Therefore, demand vectors of all tenants should be normalized. We suggest to divide all demands of a single tenant by the maximal demand of her. This results in all values of demand vectors to not exceed 1. As in DRF [6], we call the resource with the maximum demand dominant resource for each tenant, as it dominants her demands. To remove requirement of prior demands estimation by users, each demand is considered to be either 0 or 1, depending on if tenant needs that particular link for her flow. To achieve strategy-proof allocation and exclude any possibility of misbehavior we base our allocation mechanism on DRF [6]: utilities of all tenants are forced to be equal, then maximum possible common utility is found subject to constraints of links bandwidth. To make allocation work-conserving and increase datacenter utilization we do not rate-limit all flows to calculated rates, instead we use two classes of priority: part of each flow is marked as a high-priority traffic and all excess traffic is marked as a low-priority traffic. Therefore, if all switches in the datacenter have two separate outgoing queues, all priority traffic will never be dropped due to congestion, as rates are calculate in such a way. This way each tenant has a strategy-proof and fair minimum bandwidth guarantee, while low-priority traffic will occupy any remaining capacity without obstruction of calculated minimum bandwidth guarantees. Implementation In our implementation hypervisors are observing outgoing traffic and notify central controller about all existing outgoing flows. Central controller calculates allocations and broadcasts them to all hypervisors (See Fig. 1). This broadcast is very light, as allocation is essentially a single value for all tenants. Then hypervisors are marking corresponding part of each flow as a high-priority traffic. Our implementation is observing only a single parameter – existence of a flow. However, many other properties can be measured as well, for example: rate demand of a flow, class of a data, flow owner's payment and other parameters. Our allocation mechanism does not need them, however other allocation mechanisms may use these different properties to provide more sophisticated and precise bandwidth allocation. To reduce load on a central controller, hypervisors are signaling about new or expired flows only several times per second. Before response from central controller is received about new flows they are entirely marked as low-priority traffic. In that way existing but not confirmed yet flows will not degrade minimum bandwidth guarantee of other flows. Our implementation uses iptables NFQUEUE mechanism to run custom C code to process outgoing traffic. Our code observes and modify egress traffic, marking some part of it as a hi-priority packets. It notifies central controller, written in a python, about new and expired flows. Central controller, knowing topology and existing flows, calculates allocations and broadcasts them. We use mininet network emulator to simulate sample datacenter topology. Conclusion In this work we show that even without prior demands estimation from users it is possible to allocate bandwidth in a datacenter fairly in a strategy-proof way. Correct online measurement of traffic properties and informing most important parameters out of it to the controller makes the shaping of the traffic more sophisticated and optimized.


This study deals with the mathematical analysis of acoustic radiation from multiple prolate spheroidal surfaces. It forms the basis for developing a better model to predict a submarine's sonar performance. The sonar array and its dome were modeled as a prolate spheroidal array confocal to a prolate spheroidal dome. The dome was represented by a mass only 0.25‐in.‐thick steel shell, with a major axis equal to twice the length of the bow sonar cavity and a minor axis dimension typical for a submarine. Four loading conditions were imposed on the array: (a) free‐field radiation, (b) acoustic lens, (c) mass‐loaded acoustic lens, and (d) mass‐loaded non‐lens. The influence of the dome mass on the radiated pressure of a free‐field array was found to be significant and must be included in analyses of sonar systems. The influences of the wall mass on the performance of the acoustic lens was not significant. Significant focusing by the lens was not observed. This was due to the low frequency of the array and the in...


Abstract
Overall, the educational achievement of rural and regional students is lower than that of students elsewhere. To address uneven student achievement, a regional NSW high school, in collaboration with the local university, adopted a whole school approach to literacy teaching and learning. The literacy pedagogy adopted by the school has been applied to meet the specific literacy demands of each learning area. How teachers implementing the pedagogy have been supported by a school-university partnership is documented in this paper. A key outcome of the professional learning is that teachers in years 7 and 8 are expected to develop a language shared with colleagues and students for talking about the literacy demands of the learning areas so literacy knowledge and skills gained in one learning area can be applied in other learning areas.
Key words: Literacy teaching and learning, literacy pedagogy, school-university partnerships


most frustrating experiences imaginable. One of its chief attractions is that it provides a unique vehicle for viewing man's affairs in a time perspective. Such a course can present analyses and insights not offered in the synchronic approaches employed in the social sciences which have successfully 'upstaged' history teaching in recent years. Bright and imaginative students instinctively respond to a course which offers an opportunity to gain a greater understanding of the historical processes which have made the modern world. But the


In 1987, Stanley conjectured that if a centrally symmetric Cohen--Macaulay simplicial complex $\Delta$ of dimension $d-1$ satisfies $h_i(\Delta)=\binom{d}{i}$ for some $1\leq i\leq d-1$, then $h_j(\Delta)=\binom{d}{j}$ for all $j\geq i$. This note proves Stanley's conjecture.


AIM: To investigate the expression of the Carabelli's trait in a Han Chinese population.METHODS: Direct intraoral examination was conducted on 3819 Han Chinese middle school students.The expression of the Carabelli's traits was divided into 5 grades.The frequency differences between genders and between right and left sides were tested using Chi-square tests.Correlations in the expression of the trait between bilateral antimeric teeth were evaluated by Kendall test.RESULTS: The frequency of the Carabelli's cusp(3-5 grades) was 14.38%(1097/7629) and 0.47%(36/7633) for the maxillary first and second molars,respectively.Counted by individuals,the frequency was 17.55%(669/3812) and 0.60%(23/3816),respectively.For the first molars,the frequency of the Carabelli's cusp was significantly higher on the right side than on the left side(P0.05).Male showed a significantly higher rate than female(P0.05).The proportion of present-present symmetry was 63.38%(424/669) and the correlations between both sides was 0.768(P0.05).CONCLUSION: Understanding the rule of expression of the Carabelli's traits on permanent dentitions has great anthropological significance.


Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] a legume native to East Asia has made a significant contribution to the yellow revolution in India. Starting from 3000 ha in India during 1969 soybean has shown steady increase in area over the years. At present India ranks fifth in both area and production in the world and Madhya Pradesh is a leading state in both area and production in India. In Madhya Pradesh, soybean occupies an area of 57.300 lakh ha with 61.666 lakh million tonnes production with average yield of 1076 kg ha -1 during Kharif 2010-11 (Soybean Processor Association, 2011).


Photodynamic therapy (PDT), the use of light‐activated drugs, is a promising treatment of cancer as well as several nonmalignant conditions. However, the efficacy of one‐photon (1‐γ) PDT is limited by hypoxia, which can prevent the production of the cytotoxic singlet oxygen (1O2) species, leading to tumor resistance to PDT. To solve this problem, we propose an irradiation protocol based on a simultaneous, two‐photon (2‐γ) excitation of the photosensitizer (Ps). Excitation of the Ps triplet state leads to an upper excited triplet state Tn with distinct photochemical properties, which could inflict biologic damage independent of the presence of molecular oxygen. To determine the potential of a 2‐γ excitation process, Jurkat cells were incubated with zinc or copper phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (ZnPcS4 or CuPcS4). ZnPcS4 is a potent 1O2 generator in 1‐γ PDT, while CuPcS4 is inactive under these conditions. Jurkat cells incubated with either ZnPcS4 or CuPcS4 were exposed to a 670 nm continuous laser (1‐γ PDT), 532 nm pulsed‐laser light (2‐γ PDT), or a combination of 532 and 670 nm (2‐γ PDT). The efficacy of ZnPcS4 to photoinactivate the Jurkat cells decreased as the concentration of oxygen decreased for both the 1‐γ and 2‐γ protocols. In the case of CuPcS4, cell phototoxicity was measured only following 2‐γ irradiation, and its efficacy also decreased at a lower oxygen concentration. Our results suggest that for CuPcS4 the Tn excited state can be populated after 2‐γ irradiation at 532 nm or the combination of 532 and 670 nm light. Dependency of phototoxicity upon aerobic conditions for both 1‐γ and 2‐γ PDT suggests that reactive oxygen species play an important role in 1‐γ and 2‐γ PDT.


Spread of Corinthian Capitals of Asia Minor Origin During the Roman Period: Art and Artist in Motion Acquiring an imperial identity from the first century BCE onwards, Rome had become the absolute ruler of almost all of the Mediterranean. The Empire displayed its grandeur through building and construction activities as well as well-ordered cities both in Rome and in its provinces. Rising population of cities, due to increased trade activities following the Roman Peace (Pax Romana), necessitated reorganization and even reconstruction of public spaces. As a result of this rapid development, the cities once prominent in stone ornamentation during the Hellenistic period created new trends with their architectural ornamentation styles in the newly built Roman cities. Ephesos, Pergamon and Aphrodisias became dominant schools in Asia Minor and even throughout the Mediterranean due to their proximity to raw materials and their long tradition of stonework. It is possible to see the works of Aphrodisias School, which started to influence the architectural ornamentation style from the second half of the 2nd century onwards, in the newly built cities in Rome, Greece, Syria-Palestine and North Africa. In addition to the works that reflect the original style of Aphrodisias Ornamentation School, it is possible to see examples that include local styles and even elements in the works produced outside of Asia Minor. According to the written sources, the architectural elements of the stone quarries monopolized by the Roman Empire were shipped in semi-finished form. They were probably accompanied by stonemasons. In the multilingual and multiracial Roman cities this stone "trade" brought cultural interaction together with artistic interaction.


Based on the original hand lever pressure flow transform coal mouth using the electro-hydraulic pusher,it is a manual operation and two button operation function effectively solve the original coal mouth is not a reliable flow of workers,and the actual strength,as mine production and lay off workers,and made a contribution to improve efficiency.


The article studies expenses of budgets on education, healthcare, social policies, housing and public utilities, as social investments that contribute to the population welfare. Using model constructs built on the base of dynamic and panel data, the authors received the estimates of effect of social investments on parameters of population welfare in the Far East in 2000-2017. As part of traditional approach to quantity analysis of regression dependence both aggregate (macro-region) and local (disaggregated by territories) indicators are considered. The article shows that the relation between expenses on healthcare and indicators of population welfare becomes statistically significant only when taking into account spatial distribution, which means that the effects concentrate in certain territories. The article establishes that in case of counting the expenses by territories, the effect of social investments on the changes in population welfare is much lower than when measuring it using aggregate social investments in the whole region. It is shown that aggregated measurements of effects from social investments produce inflated expectations. Increasing state expenses on population welfare in the region makes sense only when taking into account spatial and industrial distribution of budgetary resources. Keywords— Budget Expenses, Social Investments, Population Welfare, Differentiation, Far East.


Based on rate equations, we designed the cavity of LD pumped all-solid-state inner cavity frequency-doubled single-mode green laser (532nm). Educed the basic theory of obtaining the maximal output power of the laser. And validated using LD pumped Nd: YAG inner cavity frequency-doubled laser experimentally. The conclusions and the sample laser provided an experimental basic for self-mixing interference effect in LD pumped single-mode green laser.


in some 'Notes on nomenclature in Pinaceae' (Amer. J. Bot. 31, 591, 1944). Later, Franco accepted this suggestion and acted upon it, proposing a new name, A. excelsior for the Giant Fir and transferring the name A. grandis to the Cascade Fir. Such a name change would be deplorable, if it were necessary and would, in any case, render the application of the name A. grandis doubtful. In such circumstances it would be far preferable, but illegitimate, to propose new names for both species and not for one only. Fortunately, the argument in support of these name changes is faulty in several particulars.


A durative rainstorm occurred in north-eastern of Sichuan during 2~6 September 2004 and an local rainstorm in Chengdu district on 30 June 2004 have been simulated by using MM5 meso-scale numerical model for composite of four kinds of Grell,Kuo,KF and BM cumulus convective parameterization schemes and different initial fields.The simulated performance for the composition of different schemes and different initial values has been analysed.The results show that MM5 model has better performance for simulating the twice heavy rainfall.But there are some difference in the area and the intensity of precipitation for the composition of different parameterization schemes and different initial values.Elementary simulated results indict that the precipitation intensity using NCEP data as initial fields is weaker than that of using T213 data,but precipitation area is more agreeable to the real.Precipitation simulation using T213 data as initial fields is apt to occurrence,but the real did not appear.Simulated height and temperature fields of using T213 data as initial fields avail the effect system′s strength,and the simulated humidity,convergence and vertical velocity avail heavy rainfall occurrence.Comparatively,the simulated results using NCEP data is more agreeable to the real.Kuo and Grell schemes are more sensitive to the initial values.


Preparation method of starch sodium octenylsuccinate was investigated and structure of the product was analyzed by FTIR spectrum.It was found that degree of substitution of the product was 0.017.New absorption peaks at 1724 cm~(-1)and 1565 cm~(-1) and the strengthened absorption at 608 cm~(-1)are characteristic of the octenylsuccinate group.In preparing low viscosity starch ester,DE(dextrose equivalent) value of the product was between 2.5 and 6.4 after decomposing by α-amylase,and the DE value was between 14.5 and 37 after treating with glucoamylase.Thus,the dosage and kind of enzyme to be used is determined by the requirement of final DE value.


Theme/Doc and use cases are two prominent approaches to aspect-oriented analysis. They have been developed in- dependently and up to now, there have been no attempts to analyze how they are connected to each other. This paper explores the extent to what themes and use cases can be considered the same by developing a process of the transformation of themes into use cases and the reverse one. Extensive similarities have been revealed between themes and use cases with respect to expressing aspect- oriented decomposition, relationship to functional decom- position, and generalization. Main differences lie in the way themes and use cases are described, naming conven- tion, lack of actors in themes, and lower level character of some themes. Despite the differences, most of the themes can be transformed directly into use cases and vice versa with a quite straightforward derivation of the relation- ships among them.


In this work, a generalization of a synchronization methodology applied to a pair of chaotic systems with heterogeneous dynamics is given. The proposed control law is designed using the error state feedback and Lyapunov theory to guarantee asymptotic stability. The control law is used to synchronize two systems with different number of scrolls in their dynamics and defined in a different number of pieces. The proposed control law is implemented in an FPGA in order to test performance of the synchronization schemes.


Education traditionally has provided a path to the most desirable jobs and career advancement. Even in a sluggish economy, higher education provides considerable advantages in the job market, as demonstrated by the consistently lower-than-average unemployment rates of college graduates. Recent statistics on the employment status of workers as it relates to their educational attainment, show that the premium associated with higher education still holds.' About 1 of 4 persons age 25 to 64 in the work force had completed 4 years or more of college in March 1982 (table 1), compared with 1 of 7 persons in March 1970 . The increase reflects, in large part, the growth of the population 25 to 34 years old-the baby-boom generation born in the decade following World War II . One-third of the 25to 64-year-old work force were in this age group in 1982, and 26 percent of them had graduated from college. In 1982, as in other years, the highest labor force participation rates and lowest unemployment rates were recorded by college graduates-whether men or women or black, white, or Hispanic (table 2) . For example, at 87 percent, the labor force participation rate for all college graduates topped the rate for high school graduates (75 percent) by a wide margin . Unemployment rates were 3.0 percent for college graduates and 8.5 percent for high school graduates. More specifically, 94 percent of the black male college graduates were in the work force, and their unemployment rate was 8.9 percent. Comparable rates for black men with only a high school diploma were 86 percent and 17.3 percent. Male college graduates had roughly the same labor force participation rates regardless of their race or ethnic group. Among female college graduates, the partici-


of an address on the reasons for a law in New York state requiring the use of silver nitrate solutions for the prevention of purulent ophthalmia of infancy in public institutions. Total number of blind in New York state in 1890 was............. 4,389 10.8 per cent, of these (Magnus) are due to ophthalmia of infancy, or say 10 per cent.; there are from this disease in this state over.......................................................................... 438


Summary The pharmacological properties of an enzymatically formed product described recently by Nachmansohn, Hestrin and Voripaieff have been tested. This product, obtained in the choline acetylating system derived from brain extracts, is distinctly different from acetylcholine but has an acetylcholine-like action in the bioassay with frog rectus. In the present paper the acetylcholine-like action of the product has been confirmed and extended. The product decreases the arterial blood pressure of cats and the amplitude of the isolated frog heart in the same way as acetylcholine. Atropine regularly suppresses both actions.


- The primary author has withdrawn this paper due to conflict of interest - We present MATIC (Memory-Adaptive Training and In-situ Canaries), a voltage scaling methodology that addresses the SRAM efficiency bottleneck in DNN accelerators. To overscale DNN weight SRAMs, MATIC combines specific characteristics of destructive SRAM reads with the error resilience of neural networks in a memory-adaptive training process. PVT-related voltage margins are eliminated using bit-cells from synaptic weights as in-situ canaries to track runtime environmental variation. Demonstrated on a low-power DNN accelerator fabricated in 65nm CMOS, MATIC enables up to 3.3x total energy reduction, or 18.6x application error reduction.


WITHIN the last decade the physiology of skeletal muscle has progressed with extraordinary rapidity. In comparison, the physiology of involuntary muscle is in a very backward state. Our lack of knowledge of the fundamental properties of' smooth muscle is "particularly regrettable, because in the treatment of disease a knowledge of the properties of cardiac and plain muscle is of far greater importance than a knowledge of the properties of skeletal muscle" (1). The effects of ions on living tissues have been worked out chiefly on small animals or on cardiac muscle, while intestinal muscle has received scant attention. This seemed to us, therefore, a suitable field for investigation, the need for which Evans(2) emphasises in his review of the literature. This paper deals with the effects of varying the ionic concentration of the environment on the isolated small intestine of the rabbit. Work along other related lines will be reported later.


This study aims to examine the effect of servicescape and trust on interest in buying bags moderated by personal selling. This research was conducted in the Greater Jakarta area. The sampling technique used purposive sampling method. This research data is primary data collected by distributing questionnaires to consumers using live streaming on Facebook. Hypothesis testing was carried out using the PLS data analysis method. based on statistical tests, the results of the study show that servicescape has a positive and significant effect on trust and significantly on buying interest. While personal selling moderation has no significant effect on buying interest