Recently, two major types of Power-Normalized Cepstral Coefficients (PNCCs) were proposed as noise robust Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) front-end. All the literatures for these two PNCCs assume clean training data and clean or noisy test data. However, we find that one PNCC method has good performance for the clean training/noisy test scenario, but degrades when test data is cleaner than the training data. The other PNCC method performs relatively better for noisy training/clean test conditions, but is not very robust for the clean training/noisy test conditions. We propose Combined PNCC (C-PNCC) algorithm, which is superior to both previous PNCCs for clean training/noisy test cases, and which also has reasonably good performance for noisy training/clean test conditions.


Curricular goals are important guiding principles for the curricular reforms,designs,implementations and evaluations.Questionings about the three dimensional objectives of the curricular reform arise from both administrators and researchers who attempt to find solutions.It is found out that the new curriculum is not illustrated with theory,researches and methodologies.Therefore,countermeasures are proposed.


The present invention relates to a blade pitch control mechanism, in particular, relates to a blade pitch control mechanism for the turbine rotor (3) in the ocean wave energy extraction system (1). Blade pitch control mechanism (1) comprises a hub (7) attachable gear assembly (5) of the turbine rotor (3), a gear assembly (5) is rotatably mounted on the hub (7) engaging a plurality of blades (9). Driving means for rotating the gear assembly (5) about the axis of the turbine rotor (3) (11) rotates the gear assembly (5) at a rotational speed substantially the same speed of the turbine rotor (3) when to fix the position of the blade (9) relative to the hub (7). Driving means (11) and selectively changing the rotational speed of the gear assembly relative to the rotational speed of the turbine rotor (3) (5), the gear assembly (5), the blade relative to the hub (7) (9) cause the rotation, pitch of the blades (9) is adjusted.


Social media affects human behavior and culture through personalization, localization, advocacy, social collaboration. New form of virtual social interaction has emerged: Social Consumerism. Consumer brands are flocking to social networks. Traditional consumer purchase funnel no longer reflects the consumer purchase behavior. A new more sophisticated and more complicated than traditional funnel has emerged. This new approach, called the consumer decision journey, places greater emphasis on loyalty and advocacy and better reflects the dynamics of today's market influenced by social media. As the online world continues to evolve understanding how to merge e-commerce with social media is critical for retail success. "Social commerce" integrates new media, via user generated content platforms and social networking features, directly onto commerce sites. By building vibrant communities that address the passion of retailer's core audience, and spreading passion to larger social web, retailers will attract loyal and engaged customers, and will achieve better business results.


From the medical records of the Mayo Clinic and other institutions providing medical care to local citizens, 167 cases of malignant lymphoma were identified and 164 were confirmed by tissue examination. The average annual incidence rates for all types of nodal lymphoma in Olmsted County showed no significant change for the 25 years of study; there also was no change for all types of extranodal lymphoma. Adjusted incidence rates for nodal cases were 2.4/100,000 for Hodgkin's disease, 4.7/100,000 for lymphosarcoma of various types, and 1.9/100,000 for reticulum cell sarcoma. The combined rates for Hodgkin's disease and lymphosarcoma including the reticulum cell type were higher for urban than for rural Olmsted County, even when adjusted for age. Survivorship studies revealed that Hodgkin's disease carries a somewhat better prognosis than lymphosarcoma types overall while that for reticulum cell sarcoma is significantly poorer.


The aim of this research was to study the effect of fortified pan bread with Lupine flour (5, 10 and 15 %) on the chemical, rheological and nutritionalproperties. Lupine flour showed higher levels of crude protein, ash, crude fat and fiber than the wheat flour. Conversely, wheat flour showed higher contents in carbohydrates. Rheological studies of dough showed clear differences between wheat flour, Lupine flour, with increasing addition of Lupine flour. Farinograph show that increased water required for the optimum bread making.   Water absorption, dough development time and stability time increased as fortification with Lupine flour increased. Extensographs showed that, extensibility of dough decreased as the fortification level increased from 5 to 15 %. The essential amino acids in bread fortified with Lupine flour were higher than that of control. Also, pan bread fortified with Lupine flour had higher chemical score (CS) values, Protein efficiency ratio PER and essential amino acid index (EAAI) than control. Biological value (BV) and in vitro protein digestibly (IVPD) increase with increased addition Lupine of flour. Sensory evaluation indicate that substitution with 5 and 10 % Lupine flour  gives parameter values at least as good as the control sample and produces acceptable bread.


ABSTRACT The dominant discourses and practices of post-Cold War liberal peace-building are increasingly challenged by illiberal and authoritarian alternatives. This article adds to the emerging literature on 'authoritarian conflict management' and 'illiberal peace' using the work of the controversial German jurist Carl Schmitt, the foremost theoretician of anti-liberal thought in the twentieth-century. I use the case of Sri Lanka to illustrate how Schmitt can be useful in understanding illiberal peace, not merely as an aberration from liberal norms of conflict resolution, but as an alternative paradigm that has an increasing global resonance beyond particular case studies. The Schmittian framework suggests that the most likely trend for post-liberal peace is not towards an emancipatory model of hybridity and compromise, but a retrograde 'illiberal turn' towards authoritarian political order and highly illiberal practices.


Foreword (W. Safire).Preface: An Epidemic of Fear.PART ONE: BOOMS, BUBBLESAND BUSTS.Introduction.The Bulb That Ate Holland: Tulipmania.Booms & Bubbles.New Lands, New Schemes: The South Se and Mississippi Companies.Panics & Runs.Crash: The Great Depression.He Said/She Said.Bernard Baruch on Basic Math & Eternal Truths.Making the Play: The Internet and the "New" Economy.A Bubble is a Bubble is a Bubble.Keeping Your Head When All About You Are Losing Theirs.PART TWO: RUMORS & SUGGESTIONS.Introduction.Chicken Licken's Apocalypes Now.Something from Nothing: The Alchemy of Suggestion.Tom Wolfe on Waiting for the Beatles.Waiting for Godot.Roswell, New Mexico: Things That Go Bump in the Night.James Thurber on the Day the Dam Broke.Keeping Your Head When All About You.Are Losing Theirs.PART THREE: FEAR & PANIC.Introduction.Worst-Case Scenario: The Martians Are Coming!Life Imitates Art, Art Imitates Life.The Iroquois Theater Fire: "They Had Gone Mad".The Mechanics of Disintegration.The Fall of Saigon: "If You Have Time, Pray for Us".Russell Baker: Roar of the Crowd, Inc.Harry Truman on the "Harvest of Shame": What Hysteria Does to Us.Keeping Your Head When All About You.Are Losing Theirs.PART FOUR: VIOLENCE & VIGILANTES.Introduction.Los Angeles, April 29 to May 1, 1992: Dance of Destruction.Riffraff or Resister?The Beast Within.Lynching: Thinking About the Unthinkable.An Outcome "Altogether Predictable".Mark Twain: "The Pitifulest Thing Out Is a Mob"."The Men Snarled and Shouted As They Flung Their Stones".Rwanda: When the Mob Is the State, Horror Becomes Ordinary.Keeping Your Head When All About You Are Losing Theirs.PART FIVE: LEADERS & FOLLOWERS.Introduction.Der Fuhrer: The Voice of the Mob.Lemming See, Lemming Do.Following the Leader: The Violence of Nonviolence.Leading the Followers: Fire Within Fire.Off with Their Heads.A Little Knowledge Is a Dangerous Thing.Hans Christian Andersen's Tale of Leaders & Yes-Men.The Mind of the Mob: Stupidity Accumulates, but Also Heroism.Rudyard Kipling on Leading and Following.Keeping Your Head When All About You.Are Losing Theirs.Acknowledgments.Text Credits.Illustration and Photo Credits.Index.


The performances of electrical machines depend highly on the behavior of ferromagnetic materials. In some applications, these materials operate under dc polarization, i.e., when the magnetic field oscillates around a dc bias. In that condition, it is required to know the incremental permeability, which characterizes the magnetic behavior of the material around the operating point. In this paper, a non-destructive approach, involving a combination of experiment and finite-element (FE) technique, is presented in order to determine the incremental permeability. The proposed sensor is based on the four-needle method. With this sensor, Bowler et al. have proposed a method to determine the initial permeability of homogeneous metal plates based on an analytical model. Here, we propose to use the same kind of sensor to determine the incremental permeability. The measurement process is analyzed using a FE model. It is shown that the analytical approach reaches its limits if the permeability of the plate and its thickness become too high. A combination between the measurements and an FE model is introduced to overcome this difficulty to determine the incremental permeability. The study of two magnetic steel samples illustrates the interest of this method.


The growth lamellae of enamel are first secreted as ToMEs' process, and are gradually calcified in relation to the formation of enamel prisms. The pattern of enamel prisms itself is of little use for phylogenetic and taxonomic purpose, as it is essentially circular, so far in the numerous genera examined. On the other hand, the structural pattern ofenamel prisms is recomniiended to be systematically studied for the same purpose, following up KoRvENKoptTio and BoyDE. Introduction Since SMREKER (1903), many specialists were concerned with a dispute about prism pattern ofenamel. Their examinations, based mainly on rather thick ground sections by means of light microscope, could have come to a resonable conclusion on the dispute. But almost all specialists sided gradually with SMREKER, and offered further data that the enamel prisms show characteristic patterns that may be used as taxonomic indicators for mammals. Recent transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have rivived the dispute. The present work aims to examine the prism pattern of mammalian tooth, and to discuss the potential of enamel prisms for phylogenetic and taxonomic deduction. The following materials were tentatively checked : Trichosurus, Sorex, Urotrichus, Tupaia, Simias, Macaca, HJIobates, Homo, Orpctolagus, Sciurus, Petaurista, Cricetus, Microtus, Mus, Rattus, APodemus, IVeotoma, Phenacomls, Cavia, H7strix, Dugong, Stegodon, ElePhas, rhinocerotids, Sors, Cervecs, Ursers, Canis, VerIPes, N]cterentes and other genera. Before going forwards, I would like to express my sincere thanks to the following colleagues, who have kindly left various samples at my disposal: Dr. S. KoNDo, Dr. S. KAwAMuRA, Dr. K. OsHiMA, Dr. S. AzuMA, Dr. M. AiMi, Dr. T. SEToGucHi, Mrs. M. SEToGucHi, Dr. K. WATANABE and Mr. M. KiNosHiTA, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University; Dr. Y. OKAzAKi, Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History; Dr. H. HANAMuRA and Dr. H. YAMADA, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University; Dr. Amsir BAKAR, Faculty of Science, Andalas University, Indonesia. * Pri.mate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi Prefecture, Japan 48tt


The paper is devoted to an econometric analysis of learning foreign languages in all parts of the world. Our sample covers 193 countries and 13 important languages. Four factors significantly explain learning: world population of speakers of home language, trade with speakers of foreign language, linguistic distance between home and foreign language and literacy. Trade may well deserve more emphasis than the other three factors, not only for its significance, but also because its direction can change faster and by a larger order of magnitude. Controlling for any of the 13 target languages, including English, is of no particular importance.


Background: Postoperative wound infections are global problem in the field of surgery associated with long hospital stay, higher treatment expenditure, morbidity and mortality. The spectrum of infecting agents varies in each institution and same institution at different time points. Surveillance of surgical site infection with feedback of appropriate data to surgeons would be desirable to reduce surgical site infection rate. Hence we conducted this research to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of aerobic bacteria in post surgical wound infected patients in ACS Medical College & Hospital, Chennai. Materials and Methods: Pus samples collected from the patients were processed using standard bacteriological methods to be used for bacterial isolation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility pattern. Results: Among the 102 pus samples, 61 (59.80%) had bacterial growth and in that 51(83.61%) were monomicrobial and 10(16.39%) were polymicrobial with a total of 73 bacterial isolates. Among the 73 bacterial isolates 33 (45.20%) were Gram positive cocci and 40 (54.80%) were Gram negative bacilli. The most common bacteria isolated was Staphylococcus aureus 19 (26.03%), followed by Escherichia coli 18 (24.65%) and Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus 11 (15.07%). Antibiotic susceptibility test of the isolates showed that Vancomycin (100%) and Linezolid (100%) followed by Amikacin (93.94%) were the most effective antibiotics for Gram positive bacteria and for Gram negative isolates Amikacin (85%), Cefaperazone-sulbactam (80%) and Gentamycin (77.5%) were found to be the most effective. Conclusion: Surveillance of the postoperative wound infection should be done in each and every hospital at regular intervals to evolve the control strategies and reduce the infection rate.


Shortly after the development of the first laser instrument in 1960, studies began on using laser distancing technology from airborne platforms to measure surface features on the landscape. Airborne laser altimeter studies in the 1960s and 1970s were used to measure terrain features and sea ice roughness. Research in the 1980s and 1990s has shown that airborne laser measurements can be used to measure directly topography, stream channel cross sections, gully cross sections, soil surface roughness, and vegetation canopy height, cover and distribution. These laser measurements can be used to estimate forest biomass and volume, aerodynamic roughness and leaf area indices. Airborne laser altimeters provide quick and accurate measurements for evaluating changes in land surface features and can be an additional tool in the arsenal of remote sensing equipment used to understand watershed properties and to develop plans to manage water resources.


ABSTRACT The dibenzo-18-crown-6 derivatives such as di(nitrobenzo)-18-crown-6 and di(aminobenzo)-18-crown-6 were synthesized by nitration reaction and catalytic hydrogenation with high selectivity. The chemical structures were determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and UV. Regarding the mixture of Ac2O and HNO3 as nitrating agent, the reaction exhibited commendable trans-isomer selectivity. Effects of nitrating agent ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time on yield of trans-di(nitrobenzo)-18-crown-6 were investigated. The yield of trans-di(nitrobenzo)-18-crown-6 was 62.9% for nitrating agent ratio of 1/1, reaction temperature of 50 °C and reaction time of 5 h. Moreover, effect of reaction time on trans-di(aminobenzo)-18-crown-6 was also studied. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


3. Baniotopoulos, C.C. & Panagiotopoulos, P.D. (1986), A Hemivariational Inequality Approach to the Analysis of Composite Material Structures. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF NEW COMPOSITES COMP'86, 25.-29.8.1986, Patra, Omega Publ. Co., 162-172. 4. Baniotopoulos, C.C. (1989), Free Boundary Value Problems arising in Composite Masonry Structures. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR PHASE CHANGE PROBLEMS, International Series of Numerical Mathematics, Vol. 88, Basel, Birkhauser Verlag, 357-376. 5. Baniotopoulos, C.C. & Panagiotopoulos, P.D. (1990), Friction and Contact Effects on Pipelines, PROCEEDINGS OF THE PIPELINE TECHNOLOGY CONGRESS, 15.-18.10.1990. Ostende, Royal Flemish Society of Engineers, 12.43-12.48. 6. Abdalla, K.M. & Baniotopoulos, C.C. (1991), Design Sensitivity Investigations of column Splices in Steel Structures, PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1 st


The objective of this study is to experimentally determine the sorption isotherms and thermodynamic properties of green mint after undergoing thermal and biochemical treatment. The method employed is the gravimetric method using saturated saline solutions at various temperatures. In order to model and predict the hygroscopic behavior during drying and storage, we have utilized developed mathematical models (such as the Langmuir, GAB, modified BET, Peleg models, etc.). The adjustment and optimization of these models will be conducted using statistical techniques to analyze the obtained data. The isosteric desorption heats of green mint will be calculated using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. This study will provide an expression to predict the thermodynamic properties of green mint.


Health care professional dealing with palliative care are faced with a variety of personal and occupational stressors, such as: constant contact with suffering, bereavement and death. They can be overwhelmed by these many demands and develop emotional disorders. A review of the research in the area of staff stress and burnout in palliative care, has shown to be less in palliative professionals than in many other settings. The main goal of this paper is to determine: a) the risk factors that can influence the development of burnout syndrome; b) the protection factors that can facilitate the competence to cope with the stress situations; and c) to suggest specific strategies for preventing and handling burnout. To reach maximum competence level at minimum emotional cost in providing care to dying patients, the intervention suggested is focus in: the early recognition of the potential stress inherent in this field; specific training in counselling and effective communication skills; the development of appropriate personal and organizational coping strategies, including a team approach that allow sharing difficult tasks. The recognition, support and consolidation by Institutions of palliative care programs are crucial. © 1999 Sociedad Espanola del Dolor. Published by Aran Ediciones, S.A.


Control over the suality of the optical surface (OS) as well as the adjustment of many elements (facets) by their geometric arrangement is a main problem of the operation of powerful concentrators of solar radiation. The operating experience of the big solar furnace demonstrates that the washing and preventive operations, wind loads, and temperature variations deteriorate the OS geometric characteristics. To check and adjust the heliostat flat mirrors, a procedure is developed using an autoreflection grade which provides high accuracy, about 1 min. of an arc without considering facet errors


The invention relates to the field of photoelectric conversion materials and particularly discloses a back electrode, a back electrode absorbing layer composite structure including the back electrode and a solar cell. The back electrode is a continuous conducting film, and the front surface of the conducting film is provided with a protruding nano array. In the back electrode absorbing layer composite structure or the solar cell, the protruding nano array of the back electrode is inserted into the absorbing layer. The back electrode nano array inserted into the absorbing layer adapts to a crystal grain of a cell absorbing layer in size, a diffusion distance of a photon-generated carrier in the absorbing layer is shortened, compounding of the defect and the carrier at the grain boundary position in the absorbing layer is avoided as far as possible, and collecting efficiency of the photon-generated carrier is improved greatly. In addition, the nano array can further form a point electrode, produces the nano 'lightning rod' effect, enhances the light-trapping effect, produces the quantum interlayer effect and the like, and enables the photoelectric conversion efficiency of a manufactured solar cell to be improved remarkably.


In this paper, motion state of swing movable tooth during one motion cycle is researched. Swing movable tooth has inverted motion. The engaging process of a swing movable tooth engaging pairs is researched. According to its equivalent mechanism—crank rocker mechanism, driving performance and minimum driving angle position of movable tooth is analyzed. Single objective optimization mathematical model is established based on minimum volume as target and driving parameters is designed. It provide technique support for designing method and improving product quality of swing movable transmission.


This study investigated the effect of two types of fibers (natural and synthetic) on the swelling properties of clayey soils. Nylon and palmyra fibers with different aspect ratios (L/d) were mixed ...


Abstract We classify flag complexes on at most 12 vertices with torsion in the first homology group. The result is moderately computer-aided. As a consequence we confirm a folklore conjecture that the smallest poset whose order complex is homotopy equivalent to the real projective plane (and also the smallest poset with torsion in the first homology group) has exactly 13 elements.


In order to analyzes the characteristics of ground settlement caused by shield tunnel excavation,based on the engineering background of the Wuhan Metro line 3,this paper adopts the method of combining field monitoring and numerical simulation,compares and analyzes the law of surface subsidence in vertical and horizontal directions with shield excavation and discussed the rule of surface subsidence under the different conditions of different radius of grouting. The results indicate that the numerical calculation is in accordance with the field monitoring data. In the process of excavating,the settling velocity of ground above the front of shield is rapid. After the sedimentation of tunnel shield,the speed slows down. The surface rebounds after grouting,then the surface is in a constant state. The sedimentation number of the tunnel vault remains the biggest,and the average sedimentation number is about 40 mm. The farther the tunnel vault stays away from the tunnel axis,the smaller the sedimentation number reaches. Then the subsidence trough is formed,with a width remaining about 30 m. The smaller the radius of grouting is,the bigger the sedimentation number achieves. The optimal radius of grouting is chosen during the construction on the basis of technical requirements and economic conditions.


This article draws on collections from the Chelsea F.C. Chronicle, from 1905 to 1913, to highlight the importance of club match programmes and their potential use as a rich source of information for the football historian. It also intends to make a contribution to our understanding of Edwardian and southern professional football. A thematic analysis of the contents of the Chronicle shows how it contributed to the invented tradition of professional football in the club's formative years. Exploring the programme's views on money, the issue of fair play by spectators and players, and its relation to the Stamford Bridge crowd, the article also addresses the programme's attitude to other London teams and those from the north of England. Drawing on Hobsbawm's discussion of invented traditions, the article aims to show how the Chronicle contributed to framing, describing and narrating the early years of Chelsea F.C.


The energy splitting of the fine-structure levels 3p4, 3p2 in neon has been measured using difference-frequency resonance techniques in the 3.39-μ He–Ne laser system. A method of observing these resonances, based on the different tuning rates with resonator-length change of two close optical oscillation frequencies and their difference, is described and a dependence of the resonance line shape and center frequency on the optical-frequency intensities is noted.


Introduction/Purpose: To examine trends in patient presentation, diagnosis and outcomes of acute aortic dissection over 15 years since the original report from the International Registry of Acute A...


ACTH stimulation is the standard test for assessment of adrenal function. It was suggested that the low dose (1 μg) would be more sensitive for detecting mild secondary adrenal insufficiency than the usual dose of 250 μg. The aim of this study was to find the optimal diagnostic criteria and to compare standard dose test (SDT) with the low dose test (LDT). A group of patients treated with corticosteroids for the 6 months was considered to have hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal impairment. Studies were performed in 14 corticosteroid-treated and 28 control subjects in random order on 2 consecutive days. Tests were analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic curve method. The best test was cortisol increment at 15 min of the LDT. It was significantly better than the cortisol concentration at 15 min of the SDT, the best test during the SDT (receiver operating characteristic curve area and 95% confidence interval: LDT, 0.997 and 0.956–0.999; SDT, 0.827 and 0.662–0.929; P = 0.0113). For the cortisol increme...


Assay and distillation analyses of 53 oils extracted from Utah's oil-impregnated sandstone deposits include 27 samples from 16 deposits in the Uinta Basin of northeast Utah and 26 samples from 12 deposits in three general areas of central southeast Utah. The oils vary widely in composition among the deposits and also within individual deposits. Sulfur content varies significantly; tertiary deposits in the Uinta Basin generally yield oils with 0.19 - 0.62 percent sulfur, whereas one sample from Permian rocks in the Uinta Basin and 24 samples from Permian and Triassic rocks in southeast Utah range from 2.94 - 4.36 percent sulfur.


: This research is an analysis of tax avoidance case and profit shifting Starbucks Corporation. The selected case analyzed its tax avoidance structure and analyzed whether current tax measures in Indonesia could prevent tax avoidance structure such as that of Starbucks Corporation. This research aims to analyze the structure of tax avoidance and transfer pricing conducted by Starbucks Corporation and analyze what regulations can be applied by Indonesian tax authorities if such cases occur in Indonesia. This research is a qualitative research with literature study approach. The results of the study found that Starbucks Corporation made profit shifting by marking up the price of coffee, thin capitalization through high lending rates between group companies, royalty fees and from this research resulted the conclusion that the existing tax policies and policies in Indonesia enough to overcome the structure of tax evasion with a scheme like the one done by Starbucks Corporation but it is necessary to add rules governing rate valuation royalty.


The influence of a submarine canyon on a dense bottom current flowing along the continental shelf is considered. It is shown that the front of the current moves forward with the Nof velocity, establishing a stationary plume parallel to the depth contours behind it. The stationary flow has a frictional transport directed downhill, perpendicular to the depth contours. This transport converges inside topographic depressions. Consequently, the heavy water accumulates in such areas and the current may change direction and flow inside the depression rather than along the depth contours. Submarine canyons can influence the along-shelf flow in this manner. A canyon that intersects the continental slope has the ability to channel dense water down to the deep sea. The rate at which water is drained from the along-shelf flow is determined from the canyon's geometry and the magnitude of bottom friction. If the along-shore transport upstream of the canyon exceeds the capacity of the canyon, the plume divides into two branches. A portion of the flow is then steered down into the canyon while the rest continues on the downstream side of it. The distribution of dense water inside the canyon is obtained analytically for a simplified description of bottom friction, as well as numerically for more complex friction parameterizations. The results are remarkably similar. This indicates that the downward flow is controlled by the topography and the magnitude of bottom friction rather than the choice of how friction is parameterized. r 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.


Background: Community health workers (CHW) are recognized for their value in providing reproductive, maternal, and child health services at the community level. Although available research points to challenges that they face, discussion on how they perceive these challenges or what they need to improve their work experience is not extensive.  Methods: We conducted a qualitative study of Accredited Social Health Activists' (ASHAs) professional experiences. We interviewed 49 randomly selected ASHAs and their family members from two districts in India over a period of one month from 10 June to 12 July 2014. Inductive and deductive codes were applied to identify key themes.   Results: Within the health system, ASHAs were given insufficient equipment and supplies, delayed payment of incentives, and inadequate training for the tasks required. ASHAs also faced disrespect and abuse from facility-based health staff. Within the community, ASHAs struggled with marginalized segments of the population who resisted their advice and guidance due to socio-cultural norms. ASHAs expressed a need for timely incentives, sufficient materials and trainings to perform their tasks, and greater support in reaching out to hard to educate populations.  Conclusions: ASHAs face challenges from the health system and community, and their needs emanate from these two main areas. Support should be offered in such a way as to enhance their legitimacy within the health system and the community leading to improved effectiveness and performance.


A new social class of the XXI century, the information society, is emerging as a result of the convergence of telecommunication, information technology and electronic media called infocommunication technologies (ICT) and it is based on the developing information networks. It is characterized by the globalization of the world economy, the appearance of new products and services, the introduction of new work structures and changes in the labour force, bilateral communication based on the use of information resources all over the world and new tools for practicing democracy. It is impossible not to take into account these extended processes as a result of globalization. On the contrary, taking an initiatory and active part in it, nations and generations can take economic and social advantage of it. For Hungary it means increasing chances of integration by breaking out of the past and bridging the gaps, thus, all efforts must be made to ensure the necessary conditions for it.


Polymer composites are in a period of significant growth due to the increased use in the automobile, marine and aerospace application. Some of the advantages of using composites over other materials are weight savings, corrosion resistance and functional integration. However, long cycle times and higher tooling costs of the available manufacturing processes make it difficult to mass-produce composite products. Resin infusion double flexible tooling (RIDFT) is a novel process developed by the Florida Advanced Center for Composite Technologies (FACT) at FAMU-FSU College of Engineering aimed at tackling some of the above-mentioned problems. The use of onesided mold provides a huge cost advantage over Resin Transfer Molding (RTM). However, using cost effective materials can reduce the cost further. In this thesis research, the various steps involved in the manufacture of the RIDFT mold were identified. The seven steps to manufacture a RIDFT mold are, Initial Graphics Exchange Standard (IGES) file tooling import/repair, mold design, material selection and preparation, NC programming, machine setup, machining and finishing and polishing. The problems at each of these stages were identified. The solutions to some of the problems, which might result in decrease in the tool manufacturing time, were found. To tackle with IGES file import problems some guidelines are presented. The various steps involved in the mold design stage are: compensation of permeable layer thickness, compensation of silicone layer thickness compensation of thickness of part and addition of draft surface. The tooling parameters compensation part of the mold design process was implemented by using both offset and scaling methods using C programming. The materials used for tooling until now are reviewed for pros and cons. Some of the tooling materials, that can be used in future, are also suggested. In order to help the mold


New possibilities for magnetic domain studies are demonstrated using a combination of nonlinear magneto-optical microscopy and a conventional linear polarizing microscope. The use of an optical response that is governed by a higher rank tensor offers sensitivity to additional combinations of magnetization directions and optical wave vector and polarization, which is demonstrated in magnetic garnet films of different crystallographic orientations. We observed a nontrivial modulated domain structure in a (210) film and a clear domain contrast for a (111) film, where the linear image only indicated simple up–down domains and no domain contrast for these two situations, respectively.


A portable pulse generation NMR device was developed to place human biological samples or agriproducts for NMR experiments. Using the same principle, a device was designed for acquiring high spatial and contrast resolution images of human carotid arteries in vivo using a GE Horizon LX 1.5T scanner equipped with a 6 cm phased array coil. Vessels withÀ70z occlusion are often revascularized by endarterectomy, a surgical procedure that ``shells out'' the occluding atherosclerotic tissue (diseased intima and some media) leaving behind some media and the outermost adventitia layers. Correct interpretation of atherosclerotic carotid artery MR images acquired in vivo requires precise correlation of MR images acquired ex vivo with histologic images acquired in situ. For this reason, it was essential to design, construct, and evaluate a device for holding the endarterectomy specimens in geometry and at a temperature that resembles physiological conditions. Moreover, in clinical imaging, loss of signal intensity is a common problem to cause determination impossible for severity of stenosis. In the present study, the primary objective was to develop a device for holding carotid endarterectomy specimens during ex vivo MR imaging under conditions that closely simulate those used in vivo. This device was used to hold carotid artery specimens and MR imaging: 1) to determine the area and volume of the lumen wall and plaque of the endarterectomy specimens. 2) to determine relaxation parameters of microdissected regions of specimens and excised plaque contents with reference to pure chemicals resembling those in intact tissues. A holder was used with following speciˆc dimensions to place device at right location in side the MR imager. Another objective was to standardize a method to calculate plaque volume on in vivo MR images. The method was based on slice-thickness, carotid plaque-rich segment length, carotid artery radii at maximum and minimum wall thickness. Present study presents the preliminary results on the utility of this device.


Motorcycle riders' fatality is four times that of four-wheeled vehicle drivers. Previous studies have shown the effect of the Advanced Rider Assistance System (ARAS) is different depending on the user's driving style. To realize personally optimized ARAS, it needs to keep track of riding performance and emotional state. Most studies define one index as driving performance to control the onset timing of ARAS. In this study, we designed a structural equation model to identify the driving behavior indexes that are directly related to the risk of traffic accidents from the emotional state and driving behavior. We investigated the driving behaviors of 23 test subjects using a riding simulator by inducing various emotional states in different conditions of driving scenery, traffic volume, and music. As a result, this model suggests that arousal level, valence level, carelessness, lateral instability, steering instability, and driving style are related to riding performance.


A model describing the deposition rate of small particles on spherical collectors under turbulent flow conditions was derived. The derivation was based on several assumptions, the most important ones being that the small particles occupy an area equal to its projected area on the surface of the collectors and no detachment takes place. Three cases were considered: the small and the collector particles are both monodisperse in size (case I), the small particles are polydisperse while the collector particles are monodisperse (case II) and finally the small and the collector particles are both polydisperse in size (case III). The log normal distributions were used to represent the polydisperse sizes.


This paper presents a transmission line and a split ring resonator (SRR) based sensor structure with a high sensitivity capacity to discriminate various methanol mixtures. The height of the dielectric layer and thickness of copper are assigned as 1.6 mm and 0.035 mm, respectively. The overall dimensions of the sensor structure are defined as

 16

 mm
 ×
 16

 mm
 ×
 1.6

 mm

 . The operating frequency is selected for the ISM bands, especially around 2.45 GHz. Different methanol-water mixtures are prepared at various ratios, and then, the complex permittivity values are measured. Different sensor structures are modelled and investigated using a two-port transmission line approach. Various types of SRR based sensors are designed, and an optimum design is proposed for methanol mixture detection applications. The observed quality factor of the proposed sensor is 16.5. The resonance shifts of the transmission value (

 S

 21

 ) are used for sensing capability around 2.45 GHz at -45 dB and 90 MHz resonance shifts. The sensitivity of the sensor has been evaluated as 1 MHz. Finally, the electric field distributions of the proposed SRR integrated transmission line are investigated. The novelty of the proposed design is to exactly sense the ratio of methanol in water with a very simple design. The proposed sensor structure can be used for methanol detection applications in medical, military, and chemical research.


A ground-based, two channel photometer was used to derive rotational temperatures for the 4278 A band of N2+ during the 1980 Canadian pulsating aurora campaign. Characteristic electron energies of ...


The modeling of corneal tissue cutting is essential in developing haptic training simulators and robot-assisted surgeries. A finite element model was developed for the ovine corneal cutting process and validated with an experimental setup for the first time. The experimental setup measured force in pre-cutting, cutting, and relaxation phases. The mechanical behavior of corneal incision was modeled by the finite element method. A test setup was built to conduct experiments on 32 fresh and well-preserved ovine cornea. Force was recorded with the sampling rate of 200 Hz. The tests were performed for intraocular pressures from 15 mm-Hg to 18 mm-Hg, and keratome velocities of 1 mm/s and 2 mm/s. The finite element model characterized the nonlinear behavior of the ovine corneal tissue. In the pre-cutting phase, force increased until the instrument tip penetrated. A 12.3% (2 mm/s) and 19.1% (1 mm/s) reduction in force indicated the onset of the cutting phase after which force remained constant. At the relaxation phase, force returned to zero. The cutting force values varied by pressure between 0.183N and 0.287 N for 1 mm/s and between 0.211 N and 0.281 N for 2 mm/s of keratome velocity, respectively. The finite element simulations show that the maximum force errors predicted by the model is 0.042 N for 2 mm/s of keratome velocity. The root mean square of force error between the finite element simulations and the experiments is 0.025 N.


Social media platforms offer nonprofits considerable potential for crafting, supporting, and executing successful fundraising campaigns. How impactful are attempts by these organizations to utilize social media to support fundraising activities associated with online Giving Days? We address this question by testing a number of hypotheses of the effectiveness of using Facebook for fundraising purposes by all 704 nonprofits participating in Omaha Gives 2015. Using linked administrative and social media data, we find that fundraising success—as measured by the number of donors and value of donations—is positively associated with a nonprofit's Facebook network size (number of likes), activity (number of posts), and audience engagement (number of shares), as well as net effects of organizational factors including budget size, age, and program service area. These results provide important new empirical insights into the relationship between social media utilization and fundraising success of nonprofits.


Precisely detecting and counting people who are using public transportation is one of the key methods for predicting and planning an efficient use of buses, trams and trains. Providing an effective, well-planned public transportation service is not only important for economic reasons. It also helps to tackle a variety of environmental problems and contributes to a reduction of traffic congestion in urban areas. A couple of such systems had been developed in the past. Those were not sufficiently precise, however. In most cases, these systems rely on data processing generated by one particular type of a 2D image sensor. In this paper we present a robust people counting application, which runs on embedded systems with reasonable requirements as far as computational power is concerned and relies on the processing of 3D data generated by a Time-of-Flight (ToF) sensor. Processing of time-of-flight data requires a couple of preprocessing steps, which is crucial for the subsequent people detection, tracking and counting algorithms. The influence of these preprocessing steps and the effect on the developed detection algorithm are presented. Methods of avoiding misinterpretations by the detection algorithms are discussed. A detailed description of the core algorithms which were developed to process 3D data is provided. An overview will be given on how this method could be further enhanced for the purpose of detecting and differentiating vital and non-vital objects.


Recent lattice QCD calculations showed that a $d_{N\Omega}$ dibaryon state similar to the deuteron with small binding energy may exist. In this work we propose a hadronic molecular approach to study the dynamical properties of this exotic state. We use a phenomenological Lagrangian approach to describe the coupling of the $d_{N\Omega}$ state to its constituents and the decays into conventional hadrons, $d_{N\Omega} \to \Lambda \Xi$ and $d_{N\Omega} \to \Sigma \Xi$. Predictions for the sum of the decay rates are in the range of a few hundred keV. In addition, we find that the $d_{N\Omega} \to \Lambda \Xi$ mode is dominant, preferably searched for in a future RHIC experiment.


Breast cancer is the main cause of tumor deaths in women, thus several imaging modalities have been introduced recently to better diagnose the disease. New breast cancer cases were estimated to reach up to 246,660 in 2017, and the mortality rate was above 40,000. Early diagnosis is widely approved as being essential for an effective treatment and it also helps to reduce the incidences and mortality rates. Positron Emission Mammography (PEM) is a breast-dedicated imaging device which uses a pair of annihilation gamma photons to detect abnormalities in the breast tissue. PEM device is compact in nature with a reduced field of view to cover the entire breast region, and it employs few detector modules which makes it cost-efficient. To effectively diagnose breast cancer at a very early stage, a device with high spatial resolution and high sensitivity is required. PEM detectors based on semiconductor materials are characterized by an excellent intrinsic spatial resolution but are not cost-effective, whereas detectors based on scintillator crystals are cost-effective but have limited intrinsic resolution to detect small breast lesions. This study focuses on improving the resolution of scintillator detectors by simulating a PEM scanner employing 1 × 1 × 10 mm3 laser processed scintillator crystal. The simulation was done with a GEANT4 application for emission tomography (GATE) software, and performance evaluation tests were carried out according to the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) standards. The scanner geometry has 90 mm transaxial field of view (FOV) and 105 mm axial FOV. Evaluation results showed that the scanner has 10.6% system sensitivity, 1.0 mm spatial resolution at the center of the FOV (CFOV) and at 2.5 cm transaxial direction. The resolution at the axial 2.5 cm position is 2.1 mm. NEMA image quality test and Derenzo phantom study showed that the scanner can easily resolve 1 mm in diameter hot rods.


In scientific computing, the acceleration of atomistic computer simulations by means of custom hardware is finding ever-growing application. A major limitation, however, is that the high efficiency in terms of performance and low power consumption entails the massive usage of low precision computing units. Here, based on the approximate computing paradigm, we present an algorithmic method to compensate for numerical inaccuracies due to low accuracy arithmetic operations rigorously, yet still obtaining exact expectation values using a properly modified Langevin-type equation.


Pattern recognition with a circular harmonic filter (CHF) can have both the shift and rotation invariancet but it suffers lower signal noise ratio (SNR) as compared with a matched spatial filter (MSF). In order to improve the SNR of CHF, here a new filter, phase-only circular harmonic filter (POCHF) is presented and the reason why POCHF can improve the SNR of correlation peak by the point spread


Abstract : Gaius Marius changed the Roman army in 105 B.C.E. These changes were instrumental in changing the military system. Marius took a citizen militia force and slowly transitioned it into a professional army. Crisis, political power, and military experience allowed Marius to change the military system. Marius created a modular soldier capable of completing various tasks to meet any new threat. This modular soldier system became the basis of Roman military organization for the next 300 years. This thesis argues that professional armies rather than citizen militia forces are more successful on the battlefield. Furthermore, it concludes that instituting military change is a complex problem requiring the right contributing factors for implementation. Finally, the thesis analyzes current issues facing the U.S. Army as it struggles to find a balance between the National Guard, regular forces, and preparing for the next war.


Among wheelchair users, cardiovascular disease is very common. This is mainly because of their lower daily energy expenditure (EE), which is a result of less physical exercise. A good EE estimation method could help wheelchair users with their exercise and researchers with health studies. Current research on EE estimation for wheelchair users is still limited but active, and progress in EE estimation that worked for non-wheelchair users is actively being converted to work for wheelchair users. In this thesis, an activity-specific EE estimation method was developed based on random forests, which first predicts the activity type and uses that information to help estimate EE for spinal cord injury (SCI) and lower limb amputation (LLA) patients. Two different activity type models were assessed, a fine grained approach using twelve activities and a broader approach using three activity levels. To assess a baseline score, a basic random forest regression model was used, which had a MAPE of 0.367 in the SCI group. Although multiple versions showed insignificant performance differences, the activity-specific model that used three classes and was trained on the actual activities showed improvement with a MAPE of 0.350. The LLA group was too small to show any significant performance differences. Overall, we showed that an activity-specific EE estimation method can bring improvements, although only minimal, and further research is needed before any practical use.


The article considers the essence of customs policy as a set of measures taken to ensure the most effective use of instruments of customs control and customs regulation of foreign economic activity, aimed at maintaining a positive trade balance of the country and the development of the national economy. It is noted that the state's customs policy is designed to promote the country's economic security, which will guarantee a sufficient level of socio-economic and defense existence, as well as the political independence of its economic interests in relation to possible external and internal threats and influences. In this context, the author emphasizes that the profound political, economic and social processes taking place in Ukraine today have determined serious changes in the understanding of the role and importance of the state's customs policy.
It is studied that at the present stage of development of the national economy, customs policy as an integral part of public policy has a pronounced fiscal nature. Accordingly, it is emphasized that this definition of priorities is primarily caused by the problem of acute budget deficit, which is complicated by the problems of tax evasion, significant external debt and the state of social guarantees of the state.
As conclusions, it is stated that the basis for the transformation of customs in Ukraine should be the transition from the customs service as an exclusively fiscal body that provides most of the tax revenues of the state budget to the controlling body, whose main purpose is to ensure compliance with Ukrainian legislation on customs. At the same time, it was emphasized that the role of control in modern conditions will be not only in a comprehensive assessment of the sphere of taxation of foreign economic activity, but also in identifying additional sources of filling the budget through effective management decisions. However, it is emphasized that the fiscal orientation of the customs service of Ukraine today is primarily due to the state of our economy. Therefore, fundamental changes in the conduct of customs affairs of Ukraine and its tasks are possible only with a corresponding change in the economic situation in the country.


This study was conducted to investigate the quality characteristics of low-fat pork patties containing fat replacers. Pectin(PE) and potato starch(PO) were added as fat replacers and physicochemical properties of the patties were evaluated after oven-roasting or pan-frying. Uncooked and cooked pork patties formulated with the fat replacers were higher in moisture and ash content and lower in fat content than those of the control. The cooking yield and reduction in diameter of the patties were significantly improved by the addition of PE or PO and oven-roasting exhibited a higher cooking yield and lower reduction in diameter than pan-frying (p, pH and cooking yield decreased slightly, while hardness increased in all the patties.


Calligraphy is the essence of traditional China Painting. As the times go on, the idea of China Painting is continuously changing, so is the new language form of calligraphy in China painting. A piece of excellent China painting is produced with great originality on the basis of inheriting the excellent traditional painting. All new technique of writing , in accordance with the form and spirit and pursuit of picture arts, has created new connotations for calligraphy on the basis of inheriting the excellent traditional technique of writing and with time spirit.


Abstract : As part of the Rapid Prototyping of Application Specific Signal Processors (RASSP) programming, proof of concept/prototype toolsets were developed to automate: (1) Adaptation of signal processing algorithm data flow graphs to fit different hardware architectures; and (2) Creation of high-level VHDL test benches that can be reused as a signal processor evolves.


Interest in clusters among academics and policy-makers has grown significantly, particularly over the past decade, with cluster promotion becoming almost axiomatic to most local and regional econom...


Transport has a crucial role in the economy of each country, as has a direct impact on products,
services to customers and citizens as passengers. The ongoing economic recession has a significant
impact on passengers transport, freight transport, transport infrastructure investment, but also on
environment, in several EU countries. Transport is currently responsible for the 1/3 of the final
energy consumption and total greenhouse gas emissions in Europe an one of the main emitters of
nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particles (PM10 & PM 2.5). The analysis examines the transport
performance (land, sea and air transport) in 15 EU countries between 1995 and 2013 (extended to
2015 if available).


The objective of the present study was to describe the phases of gonadal of P.sarana sarana under captive conditions. The different stages of oogenesis and spermatogenetic development were examined microscopically. The study revealed five different morphological phases in testis development and six morphological phases in ovarian development. It was concluded that, eight stages for oocyte development and five stages of spermatozoa of the species under study were identified under microscopic studies.


This study aims to broaden the analytical scope of critical political economy as a research paradigm. The unclear, and politically problematic, postapartheid positioning of the biggest media company in South Africa, Naspers, and the Afrikaans language is analyzed. The analysis treats Naspers in relation to its original constituents, Afrikaner nationalists and Afrikaans culture, as well as the historic transformation of its two oldest, and arguably most prominent, print publications—Die Burger and Huisgenoot. A qualitative content analysis was undertaken, using concepts from Pierre Bourdieu's field theory and Partha Chatterjee's critical theory of (post)colonial nationalism. This study argues that the relationship between Naspers and Afrikaans was determined by the nature of nationalism and the requirements of capitalism to which it is linked. Given the present historical context, and ideologically speaking from a cultural economy point of view, this analysis concludes that Afrikaans has become less profitable for Naspers.


In greenhouse study, total P removal by rice and wheat was found to be correlated significantly with phosphorus supply parameter and cumulative release of phosphorus in three soils differing in their physicochemical characteristics. A highly significant linear relationship was also found between cumulative release and supply parameter indicating that either of these two indices can successfully define P supplying capacity of the soil. Results show that a lower bonding energy constant value is indicative of higher P uptake by crops.


This paper calculates the carbon emissions embodied in trade produced by Zhejiang's export based on input-output model in the year of 2002,2005 and 2007.It mainly concentrated in the sectors of traditional labor-intensive industries and high-carbon industries.Regression model shows that the scale of export trade significantly affects the embodied CO2,but its role is weakening.Further,the paper decomposes the factors which are leading to the changes in embodied CO2 in trade during the period of 2002~2005 and 2005~2007.Results showed that:the expanding scale of export trade is still the most important factor causing the growth of embodied CO2,technological advances to some extent reduces the emissions of embodied CO2,but the structural adjustment has led to the growth of their emissions,and its role is growing.


Introduction. S. pneumoniae phosphomevalonate kinase (PMK, PMVK, MvaK2; EC 22.214.171.124; 335 residues; predicted molecular mass 37026.5 Da) is a cytoplasmic enzyme in the mevalonate-dependent isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway. The enzyme catalyzes transfer of the -phosphoryl group of ATP to the phosphate oxygen of (R)-5-phosphomevalonate to form (R)-5-pyrophosphomevalonate. PMK is a member of the GHMP kinase superfamily [named for galactokinase (GK), homoserine kinase (HSK), mevalonate kinase (MK), and PMK], which includes at least 19 30%-identical clusters of proteins with various enzymatic activities. Previously determined structures of two GHMP kinases, Methanococcus jannaschii HSK (PDB ID 1FWK) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae mevalonate-5-diphosphate decarboxylase (MDD; PDB ID 1FI4), produced low-accuracy homology models for a number of PMKs. Phylogenetic analyses of nearly 200 superfamily members suggested that an experimental structure of at least one PMK would be required to produce more accurate models for members of this GHMP kinase subfamily. We cloned and expressed two PMKs: one from Staphylococcus aureus and one from S. pneumoniae. S. aureus PMK proved to be largely insoluble under standard purification conditions, whereas the S. pneumoniae homolog emerged as the better structure determination target. PMK, like HSK and MDD, is an / protein (dimensions 59 Å 53 Å 48 Å) composed of two domains. The linear arrangement of the secondary structural elements is 1, 310, 2, 3, A, 4, B, C, D, E, 5, F, G, 6, 7, H, I, J, K, 8, 9, L, and 10 (Fig. 1). The N-terminal domain contains a six-stranded -sheet of mixed polarity (antiparallel 65214 followed by 3 parallel to 4) arching over an -helical region ( C, E, A, D, G, and F) (Fig. 2). 1 (11 residues) and 2 (17 residues containing a -corner) further subdivide the six-stranded -sheet into two four-stranded -sheets: one antiparallel ( 653N-terminal portion of 23C-terminal portion of 1) and the other of mixed polarity (antiparallel N-terminal portion of 13C-terminal portion of 23 4 followed by 3 parallel to 4). The C-terminal domain is composed of an antiparallel four-stranded -sheet ( 89710) flanked by J, K, and L. Visual inspection of the surface of PMK revealed a deep cleft between two -sheets ( 6521 and 89710). This feature almost certainly represents the enzyme active site because it contains three conserved GHMP kinase motifs (I, II, and III). Previously, the New York Structural Genomics Research Consortium (NYSGRC) reported homology modeling of various PMKs. With the X-ray structure of S. pneumoniae PMK, we can evaluate the accuracy of these modeling attempts (PMK versus an HSK-derived model gave a root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) 2.8 Å; PMK versus an MDD-derived model gave an RMSD 3.6 Å). It is not surprising that the PMK models proved to be of relatively low accuracy because they were both calculated with distantly related templates (sequence identity between PMK and HSK is 16%, between PMK and MDD 8%). In both cases, modeling was compromised by errors in the alignment of the modeled sequence with the template and by the presence of insertions and deletions. Automated homology modeling with MODPIPE using PMK as a template yielded 250 protein models (model score 0.7, model length 170 residues) reflecting conservation of the GHMP kinase fold. Highor mediumaccuracy models in the 50–100% and 30–50% sequence identity ranges were obtained for prokaryotic PMKs. Lower-accuracy models in the 20–30% sequence identity range represent other PMKs and some proteins annotated as MKs. Models with 20% sequence identity include fungal PMKs, various MKs, HSKs, GKs, and MDDs, plus proteins of unknown function. The X-ray structure of PMK provided a useful test of the GHMP kinase homology modeling. In addition, modeling


This Bachelor thesis deals with the possibilities of social services application towards the improvement of seniors ´ life in a social facility. This thesis is trying to find the asnwer if the terminal part of life could be spent in this kind of facility happily and with proper quality . The main aim is to evaluate satisfaction of the clients with services and working attitude of old people´s home staff. Theoretical part of the thesis is focused on definition of the terms such as old age, elderly health problems, active growing old, elderly education, social services provided to elderly including legislation regulating this matters. In the practical part of the thesis are brought together the research results that were carried out in the way of interview with clients from old people´s home.


The consent to a clinical trial of who cannot consent marks the crossing point of four alternatively substantial or formal conditions: a) ethically, or legally, correct position; b) information and consent, or consent documentation ; c) physical, or technical, impossibility; d) acts which are, or are not, in the direct patient's interest. The Good Clinical Practice (GCP) anticipates four conditions of incapacity : I. is unable, or cannot, read and write; 2. minor of age or legally incapable but with real capacity; 3. minor of age or legally incapable without real capacity, or unconscious, with legally acceptable representative; 4. minor of age or legally incapable without real capacity, or unconscious, without legally acceptable representative. The GCP anticipates specific procedures for these circumstances, which might however be ethically not acceptable and result in contrasts with the ethics committee. The GCP considers indeed equivalent subject and representative, what may be acceptable for therapeutic studies, but is not acceptable for non-therapeutic trials. When the incapacity to consent is only formal, there is no substantial contrast between GCP and ethics, provided that the information is complete and there is actual freedom to consent. The ethics committee will concentrate on these aspects. When the incapacity to consent is substantial, the ethics committee and the investigating physician could reject formally GCP-compliant protocols, on binding ethical ground. They are indeed bound to operate under the specific conditions of emergency medical acts, having as inescapable condition the presumable direct patient's interest.


This research is motivated by the observation results, that the learning process is in the eyes English lessons at MA Daarul Karomah grade 10 have so far been less effective, because learning is still centered on the teacher and currently the teaching and learning process is teacher only using the lecture method and without using learning media. This study aims to (1) describe the book development procedure pocket book, (2) knowing the validity of the pocket book development, (3) knowing the effectiveness development of pocket books as a media for learning English in class 10 of MA Daarul Karomah. This study uses Research and Development (R&D). This research uses the Borg and Gall model development. This model was developed by Borg and Gall and has 10 stages and is modified using only 6 stages (research and data collection, planning, develop the product, expert validation, product revision and final product). At the Development stage, the Grammar pocket book is assessed for its feasibility by material expert, media expert. Learning media validation results the very valid category was obtained with a percentage of 91% by material experts and 90% by media experts. It can be concluded that research on the development of pocket book as grammar learning media is stated to be very strong whether used as supporting teaching materials.


The Fuzzy Multi-attribute Group Decision Making (FMAGDM) has been used to assist people in making decisions for sophisticated problems. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), decision making is used to select the syndrome differentiation of a patient. If the TCM physicians or practitioners are mistaken to determine the syndrome differentiation of a patient can cause wrong in the medication. Conventionally, the problem in TCM is the difficulty in determining a syndrome differentiation of patients. The difficulty is because the numbers of symptoms are numerous and these symptoms are correlated directly to syndrome differentiation. Even some symptoms in one syndrome can emerge from other syndromes. Therefore, the TCM physicians or practitioners must capable to identify the type of symptoms that correlated to the syndrome. The objective of this research is to use FMAGDM to determine the syndrome differentiation in the lung organ from the TCM perspective. Lung syndrome differentiation has five syndromes and 18 symptoms. This research is composed of three methods such as a Fuzzy Linguistic, FMAGDM, and Simple Additive Weighting. The fuzzy set is utilized to capture the experts' linguistic preference toward the severity level of symptoms, FMAGDM is utilized to build the weight matrix of the experts and Simple Additive Weighting is utilized to select the syndrome differentiation of the patient through selecting the highest preference value of the expert of lung syndrome differentiation. By using data from 9 lung syndrome patients who had different symptoms, the FMAGDM simulation results showed that FMAGDM can determine the type of lung syndrome suffered by each patient. The FMAGDM simulation results for the 9 patients were the same as the diagnosis result of a physician exactly. This shows that FMAGDM can determine the type of lung syndrome as well.


Isospin symmetry of atomic nuclei is explicitly broken by the charge-dependent interactions, primarily the Coulomb force. Within the nuclear density functional theory, isospin is also broken spontaneously. We propose a projection scheme rooted in a Hartree-Fock theory that allows the consistent treatment of isospin-breaking in both ground and excited nuclear states. We demonstrate that this scheme is free from spurious divergences plaguing particle-number and angular-momentum restoration approaches. Applications of the new technique include excited high-spin states in medium-mass N=Z nuclei, such as super-deformed bands and many-particle, many-hole terminating states. Owing to the large spin polarization and/or high seniority of these states, pairing correlations have been ignored.


Cloud computing is the self-motivated distribution of information and resources as a facility over the WWW. Confidentiality of information, detecting and preventing data privacy requires a set of different technique, which may include data-privacy, malware detection, and policy enforcement. The major dispute with the cloud computing database is that it have need of a very high level security. The cloud database security is ensured in terms of audit, authentication and authorization. Due to public nature of cloud database the information can be leaked. The three level of security should provided in cloud database as a service. We have created a secure architecture which provides data encryption using AES algorithm, and host assisted privacy preservation cloud database which ensures safety of the information from unauthorized access. The architecture provides audit report and data leak detection in cloud database. The experimental result illustrated that our system is fine appropriate for security in public cloud database. The proposed work also implement traceability i.e. ability to group manager or original user to preserve the identity.


A simple dc method has been developed for measuring conductance in fused salt systems using inexpensive equipment. The technique is particularly well suited to salts which are able to dissolve their own metal. Cell constants are obtained using a well studied fused salt as the reference material. Fused BiCl3 and fused NaNO3 were studied; the data are in excellent agreement with literature values. Conductance readings were made at or just above the decomposition potential for the melt being studied.


The article addresses the issues of integration in education. Peculiarities of the educational space organization in the Barents Region are described. Higher education institutions operating in the territory of the Barents Euro-Arctic Region are enumerated. Attention is paid to the issues of students' academic mobility support testifying to the integration processes in higher education. The authors reveal main work directions of the UNESCO Department created in Murmansk State Humanities University as a branch of the UNESCO Department of A. I. Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia.


This paper introduces briefly the concept of economic ethics, and expounds concretely the gist of the economic ethics of socialist harmonious society from four aspects of the production link, the distribution link, the exchange and the consumption.


Multinational companies and their subsidiaries have been important actors in the world economy. However, we know relatively little about the evolution of subsidiaries and their adaption to host country conditions. This article is a case study of a Norwegian subsidiary of the Canadian mining multinational Falconbridge Nickel Mines Ltd. It examines what autonomy the subsidiary had, how the autonomy was used, its development of knowledge and how it adapted to Norwegian ways of doing business. The article shows that subsidiaries may contribute significantly to the development of their mother companies. It highlights four factors that influenced the degree of autonomy and the evolution of subsidiaries in the inter-war era; namely host country politics, the line of business, the configuration of knowledge within the given multinational company and in case of acquisitions; the prehistory of the subsidiary.


Geographic range and status is documented for the 279 bird species known to occur in the southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. The 162 .breeding species ~re mapped, and each was assessed for possible changes m ~bundance durmg the last century. No species is known to have become extinct. For about 75% of breeding species we could not detect a change, but about 13% have increased in abundance and 10-15% have decreased in abundance. These changes are comparable to those reported for a nearby arid area (the Murchison catchment), but are less than those reported for an eastern Australian arid area (western New South Wales). INTRODUCTION The north-west coast was the first part of Australia discovered by Europeans, and some of the earliest references to Australian birds, made by early Dutch and English navigators, come from the Carnarvon Basin (see, for example, Burbidge, Mc~enzieand Harvey, 2000). This was followed up durmg early settlement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by field notes from Thomas Carter, a competent field observer resident in the area from 1887 (Carter, 1887-89, 1910, 1917, 1920, 1921, 1923). Whitlock (1921) was another early field worker who provided valuable observations from the Shark Bay area early this century. After that, there were very few detailed sets of observations until the last few I decades. However, during that time, as in other ! parts of th~ Australian arid zone, there were major changes In land use, particularly with the introduction of domestic stock. These circumstances would be expected to bring about a number of changes in the avifauna of the region (e.g. Reid and Fleming, 1992). Despite this, apart from the regional overview of the Gascoyne District provided by Storr (1985) there has been no attempt to review the avifauna of the Carnarvon Basin and document details of the distribution of individual species and any changes that may have occurred. Contemporary patterns of occurrence are documented by Burbidge, Johnstone, Fuller and Stone (2000), but This paper is dedicated to the memory of Robert Lance Pink (1941-1993) who contributed a great deal to our knowledge of the ornithology of the region. these authors did not examine historical changes. The present paper is therefore an attempt to do this. MATERIALS AND METHODS This paper is based mainly on information held in the 'Storr, Western Australian Bird Data Bank'. This data bank was compiled by G.M. Storr and R.E. Johnstone between 1970 and 1996 and formed the basis for a series of eight regional avifaunas covering Western Australia (e.g. Storr, 1985). It contains details of specimens held in museum and private collections, extracts from the literature and the unpublished data of many naturalists. Names and taxonomy follow Johnstone (2001). The scope of the present work is to summarise for each species and subspecies our knowledge of local distribution, ecological status, relative abundance, habitat preferences, breeding season, movements and taxonomy. Range is usually given in broad terms, for example coasts and coastal plains, or eastern zone, and a distribution map is given for each species recorded breeding in the region. Breeding and wintering ranges, when different from total range, are outlined in the species accounts. Status refers primarily to a bird's ecological status, i.e. whether it is a resident or a breeding or non-breeding visitor, sedentary, nomadic or migratory, and very common, common, moderately common, uncommon, scarce or rare. Habitat preferences are defined in terms of vegetation and breeding seasons are defined by months in which eggs are laid. Season of occurrence of regular non-breeding visitors is indicated by DOI: 10.18195/issn.0313-122x.61.2000.371-448


This document reports on recent advances in the development of the adjoint code generator OpenAD/F. We give an overview of the software design, and we discuss case studies that illustrate the feasibility of adjoint code generation. Our main target application is the MIT General Circulation Model - a numerical model designed for study of the atmosphere, ocean, and climate.


T h e traditional criteria of news value, we are told in one of the most recent newswriting texts, "are those that generations of journalists have used to decide which sets of facts make up news stories and which stories are better than others."' If, indeed, "generations of journalists" have been following some "traditional criteria of news value," we might expect to find agreement among the experts who write our newswriting texts about those values. This study attempted to examine' that proposition. How d o current texts treat "news values?" Are the authors in agreement? What are their sources? And does it, indeed, make much difference whether they d o agree? Fourteen texts were chosen for analysis. All were issued within the last 10 years by American publishers; all either expressly or by implication are intended to serve as texts for college students in newswriting courses. The chapters or sections of chapters dealing with news values were reviewed (1) to see what specific terms and words were used by the authors inexplaining news values, and (2) to assess the general framework in which the specific terminology was placed. The texts were chosen because of their availability on the shelves of this writer or his colleagues. The selection is not the complete universe of texts available, but it was felt to be a large enough sample from which to draw valid generalizations. ' Brian S. Brooks. George KenneJr. Dard R. Moen and Don Hanlv. News Reporting and Writing ( N u n York: Sr. MarrinS Press, 1980). p . 6 .


This paper describes an effort of improving performances of ultrasonic ranging system using V40 microprocessor. Conventional ranging systems are somewhat inaccurate because they do not have capability of compensating changes in medium condition. The novel ranging system overcomes this disadvantage by placing a dummy sensor functioning as a standard calibrating instrument in the same medium and by providing data processing capability using V40 controller. Also data communication between V40 and personal computer via RS232C makes it possible to use the ranging system for varieties of other applications such as analysis of static and dynamic system.


Modeling and experimental verification of energy harvesting for a composite cantilever beam with a piezoelectric patch are presented. Finite element and lumped-parameter models are developed for open- and closed resistive circuit. A basic in-house circuit is compared to a commercial one in terms of power output. Results indicate good performance of the lumped-parameter models. The effect of frequency on the harvested power is also presented.


Low-energy He-Ne laser (0.5 - 83 Hz) of changeable frequency specifically increases the resistance of erythrocytes of patients after acute stroke to lipid peroxidation (LPO) induced by hydrogen peroxide. Increase in frequency of illumination increases the efficiency. The same treatment does not affect the LPO process in erythrocytes prepared from healthy donors. Laser beam treatment suggests to provide a reorganization of membrane structure resulting in increase of the antioxidant defense of the cell.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the outcomes of non-vascularized bone grafts for reconstruction of maxillofacial defects.

STUDY DESIGN
Case series.

PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi, from January 2013 to December 2015.

METHODOLOGY
Descriptive analyses of 30 patients, who underwent maxillofacial reconstruction with non-vascularized bone grafts, were conducted. The demographic information, diagnosis, and type of graft harvested to reconstruct the defect were statistically analyzed. Outcomes of reconstruction with non-vascularized bone grafts were analyzed in terms of mouth opening, success of dental rehabilitation, and postoperative complications, i.e. surgical site infection and hardware loosening.

RESULTS
A total of 30 patients ranging from 8 to 60 years (33.57 ±14.74 years) had maxillofacial defects reconstructed mostly due to gunshot injuries, followed by post-resection defects. Overall 15 cases (50%) were reconstructed with iliac crest cortico-cancellous bone graft, 11 cases (36.7%) with rib; while in four cases (13.3%), costochondral graft was used for reconstruction. In 26 cases (86.7%), graft was found to be successful. In three cases, re-operation for onlay bone graft was required to provide optimal dental rehabilitation; while in just one case, postoperative surgical site infection was observed.

CONCLUSION
Non-vascularized bone grafts provide a reasonable and effective modality for reconstruction of maxillofacial defects.


Slums: How Informal Real Estate Markets Work is the most recent contribution to the "City in the Twenty-First Century" series by the University of Pennsylvania Press. The editors, Eugene L. Birch, ...


The bpy, dpe and dppe were introduced as auxiliary ligands, respectively, to construct three magnesium-1,4-NDC coordination polymers (Mg-CPs) that exhibited tunable photoluminescence (PL) and direct white-light emission upon varying the excitation light.


Aim:To investigate the polymorphism feature of apolipoprotein E(APOE) gene in patients with schizophrenia.Methods:The gene polymorphism of APOE in 180 first-episode schizophrenia patients and 120 healthy controls were determined by PCR amplification and gene sequencing method.Results:There were no significant differences in the frequencies of APOE genotypes and alleles between the schizophrenia patients and healthy controls(χ2=4.055,P=0.399;χ2=2.660,P=0.264), and there were no significant differences between male patients and female patients(χ2=0.877,P=0.988;χ2=0.188,P=0.911), but the frequencies of APOE allele 4 and genotype E3/4 in negative symptoms group were significantly higher than those in positive symptoms group(χ2=4.417,P=0.036;χ2=13.175,P0.001).Conclusion:Allele 4 and genotype E3/4 may be risk factors for negative symptoms patients with schizophrenia.


This paper presents a new method to correctly identify objects based on their 2D shapes. Hitherto, the best method to correctly determine the identity of a particular 2D shape has been using artificial neural networks (ANNs). But ANNs suffer from the drawback that in order to correctly identify a particular 2D shape as a particular object, the ANN has to be extensively trained with images of the object in all possible shapes and sizes and also at various orientations with respect to the observer. It would be so much better if a method can be devised which allots a number to a particular 2D shape of the object as viewed by an observer so that, this way, the shapes of the object as seen from different angles and having various sizes can be represented by a range of consecutive numbers. Now, if the number allotted to a random shape by the method is found to be falling within that range, the shape can be correctly identified as the object. The present paper illustrates such a method to correctly identify shapes. It is shown that the training requirement for the method is minimal. Also, the efficacy of the method is shown by way of various examples.


This study revealed intraday variation of chlorogenic acid (CGA) and synthesis mechanism in leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver by investigating relation of CGA content in leaves and the light intensity. CGA was quantified by High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection (DAD). Illumination intensity was determined by portable photosynthesis system. It was shown that CGA content in leaves enhanced with the increase of light intensity and the highest point of CGA content in leaves got behind the highest point of illumination intensity. The fact that dark spots of blue formazan appeared in leaves which had been illuminated by sun light and were treated with nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) showed that sunlight induces O2 production in leaves. In addition, CGA possessed higher antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging activity in vitro experiment. DPPH radical scavenging activity was 2.43 ± 0.092 times of vitamin C equivalents (molar ratio), and ABTS radical cation scavenging activity was 3.61 ± 0.14 time of trolox equivalents (molar ratio), and reducing powers was 3.40 ± 0.11 times of vitamin C equivalents (molar ratio). In plant cells, free radicals produced by photo oxidation can damage the cells, and however,CGA can protect cells by eliminating free radicals. This may be the mechanism of the synthesis of chlorogenic acid in plants.


Environmental radioactivity is produced by radioactive materials in the human environment. While some radioisotopes, such as strontium-90 (90Sr) and technetium-99 (99Tc), are only found on Earth as a result of human activity, and some, like potassium-40 (40K), are only present due to natural processes, a few isotopes, e.g. tritium (3H), result from both natural processes and human activities. The concentration and location of some natural isotopes, particularly uranium-238 (238U), can be affected by human activity because of the constant exposure of Human beings to radiation caused by terrestrial, extra-terrestrial and anthropogenic radio nuclides, it is necessary to determine and estimate the activity of various radio nuclides in environmental media such as vegetation, soil, and water. In the present research, the activities of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K are measured in soil, vegetation and water samples, collected from Yangdong District, Yangxi County, and Yangjiang County of Guangdong Province, China using an HPGe based gamma spectrometry system. The measured mean activity of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in soil samples was found to be 31.19 ± 1.2, 47.00 ± 2.30 and 589.31 ± 17.52 Bqkg-1, respectively. The measured mean activity of these radionuclides in all water samples was found to be below minimum detectable activity. The measured mean activity of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in vegetation samples was 19.92 ± 3.09, 25.36 ± 8.11 and 4982.94 ± 85.68 Bqkg-1, respectively. No anthropogenic 137Cs was detected in these environmental samples. Mean radium equivalent activity (Raeq), external radiation hazard index (Hex), internal radiation hazard index (Hin) and absorbed dose rate (D) for the area under study were determined as 142.92 Bqkg-1, 0.38, 0.47 and 66.47 nGyh-1, respectively. The annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) varied in the range from 0.03 to 0.12 mSvy-1. It is concluded that the surveyed area do not pose any significant radiological risk to the population and environment.


1 Department of Optometry, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2 Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 3 Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 4 Department of Optometry, Shahid Beheshti of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Resumo


Intrusion detection technology has always been a hot topic in the field of network security research. Now different types of intrusion traffic in the real network environment are imbalanced, which lead to poor recognition rate of classification models when dealing with rare attack types with few training samples. In order to solve the above problems, a new VAE-GAN model is proposed by combining VAE with GAN and optimizing the loss function to generate high-quality intrusion samples more efficiently and stably. In the training phase, original samples and generated samples are mixed as the input of classifiers. The experimental results show that the proposed VAE-GAN model has stronger stability and faster model convergence speed in the process of generating data. For small-sample data, the Recall and F1-score are significantly improved by using the generated samples of VAE-GAN model as the training set of classifiers.


The velocity dispersion of 3D nonporous heterogeneous medium depends on the heterogeneity scale. To study the frequency-dependent elastic response of 3D rock samples containing heterogeneities of different sizes, we conducted joint laboratorial experiments on the elastic property of a series of artificial sandstones under two different frequency ranges. The ultrasonic transmission technique and the differential acoustical resonance spectroscopy (DARS) method were used to measure the bulk moduli of the samples composed of equal amount of quartz grains and epoxy with a mass ratio of 3:1. The bulk modulus and velocity of the artificial samples generally decrease with wavelength/heterogeneity scale ratio for the ultrasonic measurements (~ 1MHz). However, for the DARS measurements at a lower frequency range (~600 Hz), the bulk moduli are smaller than those for the ultrasonic measurements, fluctuating around a constant value. This result shows that the velocity dispersion is much higher for small wavelength/heterogeneity scale ratio than for large values, which has a practical implication on estimating the elastic properties of rock formations of different heterogeneity scales in the laboratory. To this end, the DARS technique provides us with an efficient way to obtain elastic properties, which better matches the values estimated at the seismic frequency band.


The paper focuses on the basic problems of enterprises functioning in rural
areas. The article analyses the influence of government support on the financial condition,
efficiency and rate of rural entrepreneurship development.


We define a family of convex polytopes called constrainahedra, which index collisions of horizontal and vertical lines. Our construction proceeds by first defining a poset $C(m,n)$ of good rectangular preorders, then proving that $C(m,n)$ is a lattice, and finally constructing a polytopal realization by taking the convex hull of a certain explicitly-defined collection of points. The constrainahedra will form the combinatorial backbone of the second author's construction of strong homotopy duoids. We indicate how constrainahedra could be realized as Gromov-compactified configuration spaces of horizontal and vertical lines; viewed from this perspective, the constrainahedra include naturally into the first author's notion of 2-associahedra.


Steam Generators (SG) usually present important deposit loading and Tube Support Blockage, resulting from Secondary Side corrosion products. These phenomena modify SG behavior which can lead to safety, heat Exchange performance
and lifetime problems.
In this context, a Chemical Cleaning Process (PACCO) was designed by GDES to
solve the issue.
After almost two years of intensive lab tests , pilot simulation and mock-ups , the
chemical process was finally qualified by EDF.
The aim of the work was firstly the development in laboratory of a chemical process that could eliminate partially the deposit loading, respecting the integrity
of materials and gas emission limits. Secondly, the objective was the design and
the implementation of the process on-site. The process has been applied successfully in 6 SG in Dampierre 1 and 2 nuclear power plants in France.


A mathematical model of the axisymmetric flow of cohesive granular materials is considered. A plastically compressible material is considered as a mathematical model. This material has an additional characteristic - its own rotation of particles. The existence of this characteristic leads to the asymmetry of the stress tensor and the presence of torque stresses. Asymmetric components of the stress tensor are balanced by normal pressure due to the presence of rolling friction. It is shown that the distinctive characteristic of the axisymmetric state is the layering of its flow. The condition for the flow of cohesive bulk material is obtained.


Christian Palestinian Aramaic has always been a mine for peculiar words and spellings despite being a rather conservative written dialect within the group of Western Aramaic. Three words in this dialect, b'š, b'šwn', and mb'šwn', which are variant derivations of b'š, have puzzled scholars for more than a century. In addition to another set of 'incorrectly spelled' words, these were considered doubtful in the first dictionary, grammar, and text editions, but they turned out to have sound explanations and etymological origins.


Background: Unhealthy lifestyles contribute significantly to the development of diseases, and the strain which this causes on society. An increasing amount of time is spent in front of a screen and research suggests that this have negative effects on food, exercise and sleep habits. Technological development has changed the screen time. Social media has taken an important place in many people's lives and screen time is no longer automatically linked to factors such as sedentary behavior and the possibility to consume more food. There is a lack of research regarding lifestyle and social media. Objective: To examine the relationship between the degree of usage of the social network sites Facebook and Twitter and food, exercise and sleeping habits. Method: A descriptive, correlative cross-sectional study in the form of a web-based survey. Through a snowball sample 150 participants between 18-68 years old were recruited. Inclusion in the study required participants to master the Swedish language and use Facebook and/or Twitter. Spearman's rank correlation was used for statistical analysis. The independent variable was the degree of social media usage and the lifestyles variables were the dependent variables. Results: There were significant correlations between a large amount of time spent on Facebook and fewer breakfast meals, a lower total amount of meals, and a higher intake of sweetened beverages and fast food. A large amount of total social media time was associated with a lower total amount of meals, a higher intake of sweetened beverages and fast food and fewer hours of sleep. No statistically significant associations were found in analyzes of lunch, dinner, vegetables and root crops, fruits, sweets, snacks, exercise habits, sleep disturbances, and time on Twitter. Conclusion: There were significant correlations between the degree of social media usage and some aspects of food and sleeping habits, but not regarding exercise habits. The effects of the time spent on social media differ from traditional screen time. This study introduces an unexplored area. Further development can lead to effective, inexpensive public health campaigns based on modern screen time and its health risks. Social media is pontentially a future arena for effective communication of health messages.


A semi-empirical method of a priori estimates of the effect of surface relief on the results of binary compounds electron probe microanalysis is developed. The dimensionless parameter k which characterizes the effect of the surface relief on the intensity of characteristic x-ray is determined using experimental data obtained for test single-crystal GaAs samples with known geometrical parameters of the relief.


Surface segregation in thin films of model symmetric polyolefin diblock copolymers exhibiting a lamellar morphology has been investigated. Films were spin coated on a variety of substrates and the resulting microstructure analyzed using neutron reflection, X-ray reflection, ellipsometry~ light microscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry. Each of the block copolymers is sufficiently close to the order-disorder transition (CDT) so that the composition profile within the lamellar domains can be represented by a nearly sinusoidal function. In all cases, the same block was found to enrich both the polymer/solid and the polymerlair interfaces, even when the surface energy of the solid substrate was higher than that of either block of the copolymer. These results cannot be reconciled with preferential enrichment based solely on the difference in the dispersive surface tension between blocks. In all instances, we find that the conforrrationally smaller block is the surface-active one. We propose that an entropic driving force, attributable to conformational asymmetry, plays an important role in the near-surface behavior of block copolymer melts.


Use: as a refrigerant, dispersant gas for aerosol, sterilizing gas. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: product: 1,1,1,2-tetra (fluoro) ethane BF C2H2F4. Reagent 1: 1,1,1-trifluoro (chloro) -ethane, reagent 2: hydrogen fluoride. Reaction conditions: 350 500 & amp; deg; C, the molar ratio of hydrogen fluoride and trifluoro (chloro) h tana 10: 90: 1, the contact time of 5-60 s, a catalyst - a metal salt from the group of cobalt, nickel and ruthenium are deposited on a fluoride aluminum, lanthanum or salt on carbon at an amount 0,1-50mae metal.%. Dostigaet35- conversion 50.3% with a selectivity to 100%. Table 18.


The present invention belongs to the field of metalworking fluids, discloses a heavy-duty metal working fully synthetic cutting fluid and its preparation method and application. The fully synthetic cutting fluid mass% of the following component composition: 20 to 30% mixed alcohol amine, 6 to 9% rust inhibitor, 4 to 6% amine particular, 6 to 10% of lubricant, from 15 to 25% EP agent, 6-10% cosolvent, 1-2% anti-hard agent, 1-3% corrosion inhibitor and the balance water. The present invention fully synthetic cutting fluid with excellent lubrication extreme pressure performance to meet high-temperature alloy steel, reaming titanium and other difficult materials, drilling, tapping, tapping, broaching and thread processing and other heavy-duty machining. Product boron, sodium nitrite, secondary amines, chlorine, phenol, formaldehyde, heavy metals, green. Further, the present invention also has excellent corrosion resistance, biological stability and processing performance, can improve workpiece surface quality, longer tool life and reduce scrap, thereby improving productivity.


This essay explores the emergence in ninetennth-century French fiction of a new, characteristically modern, attention to the relations between artists and their pupils, to the formation of artistic schools, and to the dynamic of artistic posterity.


The structure,mathematic and physical principle of electronic control pressure-intensified pump for high-pressure common rail system were introduced.With the Simulink software,the simulation model was built.The influences of system dynamic characteristics and structural parameters on working performance were calculated.The results show that the influence of inlet and outlet fuel orifice dimension in control chamber on pressure-intensified pump performance is great.The influence of control chamber volume on pressure-intensified effects is little.


Abstract The dynamic properties of rocks are of great significance to the stability and safety of rock slopes and geological engineering under dynamic loads (e.g. seismic load). In this paper, triaxial cyclic tests were carried out on jointed mudstone samples with the prefabricated half-through joint, and their corresponding dynamic properties and deformation features are explored and analyzed in accordance with the hysteresis characteristics and the residual deformation forms. Moreover, based on the obtained fatigue properties under test conditions of diverse dip angles, confining pressures and dynamic stress, a dynamic stress ratio is proposed, which gives a logarithmic correlation with the fatigue life of mudstone samples. Finally, on the basis of the breakage mechanics and homogenization theory, a dynamic binary-medium constitutive model is proposed, and the validations accompanied with the comparisons to test results are also given. It shows that this model can not only preferably duplicate the typical features of hysteresis loops and the gradually accumulation of the residual strain, but also gives a good consistence with the deformation features and fatigue life obtained from cyclic tests.