In conventional quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs), the organic charge transport materials are susceptible to erosion by water and oxygen, which would reduce the efficiency and lifetime of the devices. Herein, we modified the surface of the organic hole transport layer with an ultra-thin Al2O3 layer, which is deposited by using atomic layer deposition technique, to obtain the highly efficient and stable QLEDs. It is indicated that the ultra-thin Al2O3 interlayer plays a significant role in decreasing leakage current, suppressing exciton quenching and passivating the defects. The device with Al2O3 interface modification exhibits the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 20.8%, current efficiency (CE) of 21.6 cd A−1, and lifetime of 482000 h. In comparison with the control device, the EQE, CE and lifetime are improved by 31%, 32%, and 330%, respectively. The results indicate that the strategy of Al2O3 interface modification could provide an effective way for realizing highly efficiency QLED with long lifetime.


A control condition is automatically generated by using a discovery domain managed by an iSNS server as a network communication quality control unit and set in a network device. Thus, it is possible to realize communication whose quality is effectively controlled in storage data transmission. A network configuration server automatically acquires discovery domain information which groups a host and a storage apparatus managed by a name management server. The network configuration server sets a flow identification condition so as to identify the flow per discovery domain according to the information acquired, assigns a service class performing a control of quality of communication service to the flow, and sets transmission rule for the service class to routers.


Paddy rice plants, variety Norin No. 29, cultured under various light intensities and levels of nitrogen were examined for sterility. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) The occurrence of sterility increased, associated with an increase in the level of nitrogen and a decrease in the light intensity during a month prior to heading. 2) A negative correlation was consistently observed between the occurrence of sterility and number of pollens on a stigma counted about 1.5 hours after flowering. 3) It was observed that the sterility under high levels of nitrogen and low light intensities was caused by inhibition of pollination resulted from incomplete dehiscing of anthers and abnormal behaviour of filament at the time of flowering.


We employ the Gutzwiller variational approach to investigate the interplay of Coulomb interaction and spin-orbit coupling in a three-orbital Hubbard model. Already in the paramagnetic phase we find a substantial renormalization of the spin-orbit coupling that enters the effective single-particle Hamiltonian for the quasiparticles. Only close to half band-filling and for sizable Coulomb interaction do we observe clear signatures of Hund's atomic rules for spin, orbital, and total angular momentum. For a finite local Hund's rule exchange interaction we find a ferromagnetically ordered state. The spin-orbit coupling considerably reduces the size of the ordered moment, it generates a small ordered orbital moment, and it induces a magnetic anisotropy. To investigate the magnetic anisotropy energy, we use an external magnetic field that tilts the magnetic moment away from the easy axis $(1,1,1)$.


Introduction: Right sided infective endocarditis (IE) related to intravenous drug use (IVDU) can result in valve destruction, severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and septic pulmonary embolism (SPE). In patients at high risk of IE recurrence from resumption of IVDU, management poses ethical dilemmas. We examined the impact of conservative management on long term outcomes. Methods: We studied patients with IVDU related right sided IE and severe TR at presentation. Surgery was considered indicated if there was a) anticipated poor response to antibiotics (persistent septicemia, vegetation size >20 mm, multi-resistant organism, recurrent SPE) b) abscess formation c) left sided IE and d) refractory right heart failure (HF). Patients were stratified based on surgical indication and eventual management. Results: From 2005 through 2016, there were 33 patients (24 males, mean age 35±8 years) with severe TR due to IVDU related IE. Median follow up was 6.4 years. Past history included IE (n=7), HF (n=1) and left side...


To provide self-determined analysis andfamiliarization to visually impaired people ispopularized an new electronic beneficial appliance called Navcane. This appliance helps people to find obstacle-free paths in both indoor and outdoor framework.Also it aids in the recognition of objects in an indoor setting. The precedence information deduced by the system is impart to the user using tactual and auditory declaration methods.Unlikeextantelectronic travel assistance scheme which are limited to obstacle detection and path finding, the Navcane also helps users by perceive substance in known indoor settings. To test the usefulness of the Navcane, object perception, and rehabilitation for visually impaired people, we assessed it with the help of 120 visually impaired people from a blind school and a home for elderly people. All the assessmentswereaccomplished incontrolledindoorand outdoor test habitat with both a Navcane and a white cane. The preliminary results show thatthewhitecane which gives an alert sound for obstacle detection where asNavcaneisaneffectivedevicefordetecting of obstacles, ascending and descending staircases, navigating wet floors, and object recognition in environments that are known and unknown to the user.It is low cost and as a low power embedded device for obstacle detection and obstacle description.It is andistinctive to appliance visionorganizations.


The MICRONET computer system was specifically designed for processing distributed relational databases. This paper describes a simulation study of the queueing and resource utilization of this system during processing of a relational join operation. Problems associated with representing a computer network in a simulation model are presented. In our model, one set of simulation facilities can represent any node of interest in the network. The processing at each node involves competition for resources by the data bus and the join algorithm. This was represented by processes which were synchronized by Wait Event and Post Event primitives. An algorithm for interrupting a non-shareable resource (e.g. the cpu) was also developed. Results for various system loadings and database sizes are presented.


High-resolution three-crystal x-ray diffractometry has been used to detect and investigate a structural phase transition to the superionic phase at 122 °C in a thin surface layer of a ferroelectric CsDSO 4 single crystal split along {100} cleavage planes. The thickness of the layer in which the transition from the monoclinic to the superionic tetragonal phase occurs is 15-30 nm, the average size of the coherent scattering regions is 20 μm, and the misorientation of these regions is ∼7″. The results of structural investigations correlate well with the temperature dependence of the surface component of the conductance exhibiting an abrupt jump. An analysis is made of the causes of the surface phase transition


The article describes the notion of officers professionalism, its specifics, components, mechanisms and levels of development of officers' professionalism. The conclusions made are of importance for the development of research methodology.


In 1950 Adorno et al .'s The Authoritarian Personality study warned that American society contained a minority of individuals whose characters made them prone to become fascists in certain circumstances and that this was a danger common to contemporary industrial society. After early acclaim critics argued that the main threat came from left-wing authoritarian individuals. But research in several countries failed to establish their existence. We trace and evaluate this debate, largely defending the original research. Subsequent argument suggested that the concept of authoritarianism was becoming outdated in post-industrial society, a view that we strongly challenge. While defending the diagnosis and purpose of the original research, we conclude by endorsing the argument that authoritarianism is better described in terms of attitude rather than personality. This gives a clearer psychological description of political movements of the far right and offers more direct measures for their reduction.


This article briefly discusses the concept of application-oriented university and its characteristics.On this basis,it discusses the evaluation of application-oriented university from the angles of the guiding ideology of evaluation,principles of the design evaluation program and the problems should be pay attention to in the evaluating practice.


The present special issue collected articles that address the very important topic of innovative approaches in water and wastewater treatment technologies. Thirteen articles are published, ten research paper and three review articles. The papers can be divided in four major categories, namely, membrane treatment, adsorption studies, advanced oxidation processes and wastewater treatment optimization. In the editorial, a brief description of the findings of each paper is presented along with a critical assessment.


At the turn from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,the traditional literature characterized by the parallel prose faded out and the vernacular literature faded in.Against such a background,Liu Shipei,enlightened by his predecessors of the Yangzhou School such as Ruan Yuan,Wang Zhong,proposed a systematic literary theory of "parallel prose as the literary orthodoxy".Feeding on the historical documents about the development of the parallel prose since the Six Dynasties and his unique formulation,Liu's theory embodies his view on the nature of literature.To a certain extent,this view restores the historical status of the literature in the Six Dynasties;it is also full of literary and aesthetical implications and was politically significant in that special period.


To meet new agricultural issues and make agriculture more sustainable, innovative cropping systems (ICSs) targeting a multiplicity of purposes need to be designed. Four ICSs were designed by prototyping (Reau and Dore, 20081) and assessed in a long-term field system experiment.
Our objective was to analyze the results after the first complete rotation, particularly the bad performances compared to the targeted aims.


This study deals with what is the best treatment model against offenders refer to punitive purpose, criminal cause theory, responsibility principle of criminal law and korean criminal policy etc. Because one kind of treatment model against offenders are not appropriate to view point of various the punitive purpose theories and the criminal cause theories, this study was focused on the view that a few treatment model against offenders should be combined. And it is necessary the viewpoint that each treatment models against offenders can mutually realize supplementary function. In conclusion, this study included that the combined treatment model against offenders(combined model of rehabilitation model, reintegration model and justice model) was the best model theory in treatment model against offenders. this model combined partial factors of followed three models ; -. This model fundamentally is based on the rehabilitation model. -. The excessive criminal punishment problem should be restricted by application of responsibility principle of criminal law.(justice model's factor) -. Because the nation and society produced a part of criminal cause, they correspondingly must be responsible for the criminal cause. (reintegration model's factor). Because of this reason, they have duty to make healthy social environment.


In this work the influence of cyclic thermal history on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AlSi8Cu2Fe alloy was studied. The commercial aluminum alloy was subjected to a special heat treatment during which the alloy repeatedly changed from a liquid to a semi-solid state. During this process, samples were taken, and the castings were subjected to another study. Gradual changes in the microstructure, chemical composition of the alloy, hardness and mechanical properties under pressure at normal temperatures have been documented. The content of alloying elements, especially magnesium, decreased significantly, the proportion of casting defects increased, especially hydrogen bubbles, microshrinkage and oxide inclusions in the alloy, with the increasing number of cycles. These changes also led to a decrease in the mechanical properties of the alloy. A series of samples without cyclic heat loading was also prepared for comparison.


In recent years, the world economy tends to improve. The negative impact of the financial crisis on the economy is decreasing. However, it seems that most countries do not have enough confidence in sustained economic growth. The process of globalization is blocked, and the challenges of trade protectionism are increasing. Under the background, US-China Trade War broke out. The scale of this trade war is incomparable. The "war" will have a profound impact on the economy of our country and the whole world. Based on the analysis of the present situation of Sino-US trade, this paper tries to study the influence mechanism of the US-China trade war on industrial structure, and put forward some countermeasures and suggestions.


Abstract The preservation of chemical disequilibrium during anatexis can provide constrains on the rates of high-temperature processes provided that, firstly, the appropriate diffusion coefficients are known, and secondly, isotopes in the protolith have not been reset by dynamic recrystallization. In one example of an anatectic migmatite from the western Himalaya, isotopic homogenization has been approached between the leucosome, mesosome and melanosome at c. 20 Ma, although apatite, with a low Sr diffusivity, remained in strong disequilibrium at that time. Intrusive granites are more likely to preserve evidence of isotopic disequilibrium provided a rapid rate of prograde metamorphism culminates in a rapid rate of melt extraction. Evaluation of the available Sr-isotope database from the Miocene Himalayan granites and their metasedimentary protoliths suggests that any increase of 87Sr/86Sr in the melt relative to its source is less than 0.002. Mass-balance calculations indicate that isotopic exchange between plagioclase and mica in the protolith, and plagioclase and melt prior to extraction, must have occurred over a period in excess of 100–200 ka. Since rapid melt extraction (within <50 ka) is indicated by accessory phase dissolution rates, a comparatively slow rate of prograde metamorphism is indicated by the lack of Sr-isotope disequilibrium. This supports heating from internal heat production in thickened crust rather than from thermal advection or dissipative heating.


Under indoor simulation conditions,the effects of various concentrations and exposure time of Shengli crude oil on the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) in the liver of juvenile Cynoglossus semilaevis were studied.The change of SOD and CAT activities versus time showed an increase-decrease-increase trend,and the time for SOD activities to reach the peak value was shorter when exposed to the higher concentrations.In terms of the dose-effect relationship,the activities of SOD and CAT were induced by oil treatment at the lower concentrations and were suppressed at the higher concentrations.A threshold of toxic effects of the oil on the organism was observed,below which there was no toxicity,and the activities of SOD and CAT recovered to the normal level quickly after being released from the pollution stress.In this study,the threshold for CAT was in the range of 0.2~0.4 mg/L,and 1.6~3.2 mg/L for SOD.Beyond the threshold value,the rate of active oxygen production induced by the petroleum pollutant overtook the anti-oxidation eliminating activity of the defense system of the organism,incurring damage to the poisoned organism.The response of CAT activity to the petroleum pollutant was more sensitive than SOD,indicating that CAT can better reflect pollution stress and can be a bio-indicator candidate for petroleum pollution.


To seek a smallest circle containing all the point of a given point set is an interesting problem in both practice and theory. In this paper, an algorithm of finding a smallest circle containing all the points given is presented. The time complexity of the algorithm is O(| lg (d/R)|*n) , where R is the radius between the smallest circle, d is the smallest distance between the points of the set that are not on the circle and the circle.


A common issue in graph learning under the semi-supervised setting is referred to as gradient scarcity. That is, learning graphs by minimizing a loss on a subset of nodes causes edges between unlabelled nodes that are far from labelled ones to receive zero gradients. The phenomenon was first described when optimizing the graph and the weights of a Graph Neural Network (GCN) with a joint optimization algorithm. In this work, we give a precise mathematical characterization of this phenomenon, and prove that it also emerges in bilevel optimization, where additional dependency exists between the parameters of the problem. While for GCNs gradient scarcity occurs due to their finite receptive field, we show that it also occurs with the Laplacian regularization model, in the sense that gradients amplitude decreases exponentially with distance to labelled nodes. To alleviate this issue, we study several solutions: we propose to resort to latent graph learning using a Graph-to-Graph model (G2G), graph regularization to impose a prior structure on the graph, or optimizing on a larger graph than the original one with a reduced diameter. Our experiments on synthetic and real datasets validate our analysis and prove the efficiency of the proposed solutions.


We investigated the application of stable isotope analysis of proboscidean remains (collagen in bone/dentin/cementum and structural carbonate in enamel bioapatite) for genus‐level identification of isolated specimens, assessment of geographical origins, and testing for nutritional stress. Mammoths (Mammuthus sp.) tended to have higher δ15Ncol and lower δ13Ccol than mastodons (Mammut americanum), but differences were not significant in every location. Determining the genus of isolated specimens may be possible for locations and time periods with good isotopic baselines, but environmental changes can confound interpretations. For example, an Alberta proboscidean with a δ15Ncol of +1.4‰ (characteristic of mastodons) ultimately proved to be a mammoth. Its surprisingly low nitrogen isotope composition is attributable to the recently deglaciated environment it inhabited. We provided a baseline for isotopic assessment of geographical origins of isolated proboscideans in Western Canada. Bioapatite δ13Csc and δ18Osc can be used to distinguish specimens from Alberta, Klondike, Old Crow, Herschel Island and further south (e.g. Arizona, Great Lakes). Finally, we found that an Alberta mammoth with morphological evidence of nutritional stress experienced a change in diet, environment or physiology before death, but its isotopic compositions did not suggest a link to hypothesized starvation (catabolism of proteins or reliance on lipids).


The stratigraphical record of Aalenian materials in this outcrop shows a pattern that defines five main stratigraphic sequences bounded by discontinuities. Altough there are differences in facies and thickness development\, a shallowing-upward trend is observed in all the sequences.


The earth as we know today is fast becoming a place not fit to live in as the changes indicate. Due to the rapid progress of the society, the nature has lost its impeccability. The causes for the present devastating situation of the ecology are multifaceted. Man has succeeded in making development in various fields, which include science and technology, industry, agriculture, urbanization, etc. Due to this unmindful progress, this development has become the main cause of environmental pollution. We find pollution in the form of water, air, noise and thermal.


On a frigid, sleety evening in January 1864, in the hills of north Georgia where the Confederate Army of Tennessee was encamped for the winter, the highestranking officers of the army convened for a meeting. It had been called at the behest of Maj. Gen. Patrick R. Cleburne. Before his fellow officers, Cleburne read a lengthy prepared statement putting forth a startling recommendation. Given the desperate military predicament of the Confederacy, he said, and particularly the enemy's preponderance of numbers, the Rebel army should enlist slaves to fight in its ranks. The reactions of the assembled generals ranged from enthusiastic assent to incredulity and outrage. When word of the meeting and the proposal reached Richmond, President Jefferson Davis not only rejected the idea but also ordered that the subject be dropped and never discussed again in the army. Ten months later, however, with the Confederacy's prospects looking even bleaker, Davis himself resurrected the proposal and put it before the Confederate people and Congress. For the next few months, as the Rebel nation tottered toward defeat, the question of arming slaves to fight for the Confederacy dominated that nation's public discourse. Politicians, newspaper editors, soldiers of all ranks, and civilians of all stations debated it earnestly and often heatedly. This episode is well known to Civil War historians, but until now it has not been fully explored. What Bruce Levine offers is the first investigation of this complex and fascinating subject that thoroughly considers its genesis, its outcome, and its meaning.1 The issue shook the Confederate nation to its core because black enlistment was linked, both in Cleburne's proposal and Davis's, with black emancipation in some form. As nearly all professional historians of the Civil War today affirm-including Levine himself-the Confederacy's founders created their nation primarily to preserve and protect slavery. Thus, talk of emancipation challenged the very heart and soul of the Rebel cause.


Frequently in common critical practice, at our analytical wit's end, we lump all discourses of the emotions into one disparaging heap: "This book/movie/photograph/painting is melodramatic and sentimental and pornographic and sensationalist!" Often, Sensationalism acts as the exclamation point after a long list of critical expletives. If it means anything, the term means something worse than bad, something experienced that cannot be recuperated by acceptable, articulate aesthetics. The reasons


The invention discloses a single redundant bit digital correction method used for an assembly line A/D converter, which comprises the steps of: 1) distributing the resolution of each stage of sub circuit; 2) quantizing each stage of sub circuit and inputting voltage to each stage of sub circuit, calculating residual voltage, amplifying the residual voltage and translating the residual voltage to the middle part of a reference voltage interval; 3) determining codes and offset codes of each stage; 4) calculating the total offset codes; and 5) reconstructing the codes and correcting the error caused by comparator imbalance so as to obtain the output codes after correction. Compared with the existing conventional assembly line A/D converter digital correction method, the method has the following advantages of: flexibly distributing the resolution of each stage of sub circuit and obviously reducing assembly line stage number of a high speed and high precision A/D converter, thereby greatlysaving the territory area, power consumption and shortening input-output delay. The method firstly provides a coding method of a plurality of positive redundant codes and a plurality of negative redundant codes, after the assembly line A/D converter is corrected by the method, an overflow bit thereof can mark the negative overflow and positive overflow of input signals, namely, bidirectional overflow. The method is applicable to the assembly line A/D converter, in particular to the field of digital correction of the high speed and high precision A/D converter.


Objective To evaluate the effect of the whole course warm nursing model,and attempt to apply people-oriented service into every section of nursing action,provide excellent nursing service for senile patients.Methods Supervision,reward and penalty were decided according to The Standard and Scheme of Whole Course Attentive Nursing on the basis of holistic nursing.The attentive and proactive service model covering the whole course of hospitalization was established and then applied to every unit of hospital gradually.The attentive atmosphere of providing excellent service for senile patient was formed in hospital.Results Thanks to the cozy medical service and improvement of rehabilitation circumstance caused by the whole course attentive nursing,the satisfaction rate of patients rose significantly since warm nursing model was carried out in our hospital from Feb.2009.Conclusion The whole course warm nursing model,which inherit and enrich holistic nursing mode,can both regulate service behavior of nurse and satisfy the need of patients.The warm atmosphere is suitable for nursing senile patient and favorable for communication between nurse and patient.


Interactive Video (IV) is combined with a small group workshop in the British Telecom course on Appraisal and Counselling, which has been used for training managers dispersed throughout Britain. Evaluation undertaken soon after managers had completed training with the course indicated that it had been well received by both trainees and trainers. A subsequent phase of the evaluation project focused on the impact of the training in the longer term.


A Markov chain and association rule prediction algorithm (MAPA) is proposed to deal with shortcomings of existing algorithms on user access prediction based on web log mining. The algorithm uses the second-order Markov chain to find the pages which users may visit in either the next step or future,so as to generate the candidate prediction page set. Then the two-item association rules are used to correct the prediction result from the forward and the reverse perspectives to get the last prediction page. The algorithm integrates the advantages of both the Markov chain and the association rule well. A Markov prediction algorithm with feedback (MPAF) is proposed by introducing user feedback mechanism. The algorithm creates a history prediction tree (HPT) step by step during the prediction process,saves the history prediction information into HPT,and determines whether the prediction is correct according the user's feedback. The algorithm generates the candidate prediction page set using the second order Markov prediction algorithm at first,and then the last prediction page is generated by dynamically adjusting the prediction algorithm according the historical prediction information. Theoretical analyses show that both the prediction algorithms have linear time complexity. Experimental results show that the average prediction accuracy of MAPA and MPAF is increased by 5% and 10%,respectively.


An algorithm based on random cellular automata is introduced,the algorithm processes the damaged image with special neighborhood and iteration rules,in order to make the image painted by using the valuable information contained in it.The simple rule and easily realize is its characteristic;since no prior parameter is needed it can be applied on any kind of images,also its efficiency is highly.


Disclosed is a valve device (1), comprising a switching element in the form of a switch rocker (13). An actuating membrane (35, 35') respectively engages with rocker arms (18, 18') on both sides of the pivoting area (15) of the switch rocker (13) and said rocker arms are respectively provided with a closing part (27, 27') that is aloosciated with a channel opening (24, 25). The inventive valve device has a flat, planar design with compact dimensions and low dead volumes.


The butterflies were collected by the senior author and other team members during the f;nvironmental Impact Assessment studies of Ban Sagar Canal Construction on Faunal Components in July, 1999. The study revealed the presence of twenty seven species under twenty two genera and seven families of which two species viz. Spindasis ictis ictis (Hewitson) of family Lycaenidae and Badamia ex clam at ion is (Fabricius) of family Hesperiidae are recorded for the first time from Madhya Pradesh and all twenty seven species are reported for the first time from Sidhi district.


In there last years, opening of the building had made a lot of constraints because of the structural problems. On the other hand, the developments of modern materials and structural engineering are free to make a plan of the building elevation and the influx of daylight can be done easily made thesedays. However, the amount of solar radiation entering into the building depend on the lighting conditions, external environment, location and orientation. The excessive daylight can rise the cooling load in the building and cause the discomfort visual environment for residents, so it is needed to find the alternatives. In this paper, the investigation was carried out via the use of Desktop Radiance for daylighting simulation and analyzed the typical Venetian blind, the shading device in the current research and the external shading device as known as a horizontal louver's performance with the illumination comparatively. the shading device in the current research is not simply a shading device of two-dimensional form, and three-dimensional form. besides, it has the merit of external shading devices.


This paper deals with a closed-loop recycling system in which a stationary demand is satisfied by remanufactured products as well as newly manufactured products. In this system, only those used products that satisfy a minimum allowed quality level are bought back from customers for recycling. Thus the collection rate of used products is expressed as a function of the quality level and the unit bought-back price. It is assumed that the cycle consists of a single remanufacturing run and a single manufacturing run, both in Economic Production Quantity settings. Treating the quality of recycled products as a random variable, we develop a mathematical model with the objective of minimising the production and inventory costs. The decision variables are the length of the cycle, the minimum allowed quality level and the unit bought-back price of used products. To illustrate the validity of the model, sample problems are solved.


Using the data of super rice Yueyou 6135 with different sowing dates in 2011-2013,the differences of yield components between different years and sowing dates were analyzed,and the relationship models between yield components and temperature,light and their combination were established based on daily temperature and sunshine data during yield formation. The results showed that the yield component of rice with later sowing date in the same year was relatively poor,and fluctuated between different years. As the sowing date delayed,the differences in yield component of rice at the same sowing date became greater among different years. The best sowing dates were from mid-June to early July. Accumulated temperature showed a down parabola relationship with grain number per spike,and when the accumulated temperature reached 873 ℃,the grain number per spike was the highest. The accumulated temperature and sunshine had convex down relationships with empty grain rate,and had convex up relationships with seed setting rate. When 700-920 ℃ accumulated temperature and ≥ 180 h sunshine were simultaneously met,super rice had higher seed setting rate and lower empty grain rate. The results of this study had important guiding significance to arrange sowing date and utilize climate resources rationally in regions of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.


Summary

This study aimed to characterise a non-conventional protein source: a powder made from earthworms, and to evaluate its potential use as human food. The way it was prepared led to low solubility and wide particle size distribution. Sensory analysis was used to assess the acceptability and the organoleptic properties of maize-based pan-cakes fortified with this novel protein powder. Satisfying products were obtained with a substitution level of 5.5% (w/w) earthworm powder in pan-cakes. GC-MS allowed the identification of more than seventy volatile compounds that may be responsible for the off-odour of the powder. The most abundant chemical groups found in the volatile fraction were ketones with undecan-2-one, alcohols with pentan-1-ol, and aldehydes with hexanal. Partial delipidation was tested as a way to improve the organoleptic quality of the powder. It clearly led to less intensely coloured samples but delipidation must be optimised to have an impact on odour.


During the era of pandemic, the government was required to formulate policies that could protect its citizens from the spread of the pandemic, and also all the effects that were present because of it. Unfortunately the Government is too late to take steps to anticipate the spread of Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia. And as the consequence, various policies are implemented, ranging from general policies to policies in the implementation technical level. As a result, several policies have been ignored by the community, ranging from the provisions of the Large-Scale Social Restrictions regulated through Government Regulations, to the technical provisions concerning restrictions on the travel of people in the context of acceleration of handling Covid-19. Social reality shows that the policies taken by the Government have not been successfully obeyed by the Indonesian people. Through Foucault's theory of power relations, it can be stated that the Government has lost its power during the Covid-19 Pandemic, because regulation as a reflection of the Government's power has not been demanded by the public. An interesting problem is, it turns out that the legal culture that lives in the community is not the cause of these neglection, but the legal culture of the Government itself in determining various policies during the pandemic is the main cause.Keywords: Covid-19 Pandemic; Legal Culture; Policy


The increase of internal generating capacities at large enterprises and introduction of power-intensive electric receivers with variable loading leads to complication of possible operating modes of the power supply system. The search algorithm for limit load separate operation of a power plant and a power supply system by compliance of operating parameters with admissible values was developed. The algorithm takes into account technical condition of automatic field and speed controllers and the point of load connection to the allocated network


The past decade has witnessed signiicant growth in developing intelligent tools for nancial forecasting. Expert Systems were quickly shown to be inadequate for the tasks required in nancial forecasting due to their static nature. As a result, interest started to move towards soft computing despite the fact that comprehensibility is often of paramount concern in nancial forecasting. Merging the domains of fuzzy logic and rule induction paved the way for the emergence of successful generalisation techniques with high comprehensiblity. In this paper, we present a novel technique for nancial forecasting derived from FAPACS, allowing the development of an evolving rule based expert system. In such a way, changing market dynamics are continuously taken into account as time progresses and thus the rulebase does not become outdated. Simulations carried out show promising results for this approach.


Academic Jela Grujic-Vasic left us quietly on 6th October 2009. We had not seen her much in the Academy over the last months because she was not in good health. Nevertheless, both the membersof the Academy and the staff felt her presence as she always warmly and humanly shared in the good, and not so good, momentsin their everyday work and life


We present simultaneous dual-frequency Very Long Baseline Array 2 and 8 GHz observations of 225 of the 560 extragalactic sources for which positions were reported by Johnston and coworkers and which are now part of the International Celestial Reference Frame. These observations represent the third and final in a series of observations intended to obtain single-epoch images of the entire set of sources presented by Johnston and coworkers and, together with previously reported observations, bring the total number of sources observed to 389. As with previous papers in this series, we use these data to quantify the magnitude of the expected effect of intrinsic source structure on astrometric bandwidth synthesis Very Long Baseline Interferometry observations and to calculate a source "structure index" for the observed sources. The structure index can be used as an estimate of the astrometric quality of the sources. Based on this indicator, correlations between the observed radio structure and the astrometric position accuracy and stability of the sources have been found. These correlations indicate that the more extended sources have larger position uncertainties and are less positionally stable than the more compact sources.


Carcinosarcoma is a biphasic tumor that has both epithelial as well as mesenchymal components. It most commonly occurs at the esophagus, lung, upper respiratory tract and urinary bladder, however it rarely occurs on the skin. A 62-year-old men presented with a bean sized crusted ulcer on his right cheek. A biopsy specimen revealed atypical sqamous cells mixed with spindle-shaped cells with hyperchromatic nuclei. Furthermore, immunohistochemical study showed positive reactions for AE1/AE3, cytokeratin7, epithelial membrane antigen and vimentin, but negative reactions for S100 protein, CD34 and smooth muscle actin. Based on these histopathological and immunohistochemical findings, we diagnosed this case as cutaneous carcinosarcoma. The patient was treated with complete excision and a local flap.


Resonance interaction between magnetic dynamics and electric and spin currents has been investigated. A magnetic domain wall, localized magnetic structure, confined in artificial potential was found to resonate with ac an electric current. We found that uniform magnetic dynamics also couples strongly with the current; ferromagnetic resonance generates a spin current and an electric current via the spin pumping and the inverse spin-Hall effects.


The compounds with general formula Bi 2 SrV 2-x Th x O 9 , where (x= 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.6) were carefully synthesized and processed by using mixed techniques solid state reaction and solution  routes with sintering temperature at 880 o C for 20 hrs. XRD – analysis of the prepared samples proved that thorium (IV)-dopant can substitute successfully until x = 0.55 mole on the Bi-layered perovskite crystal structure without damaging the original perovskite structure . It was observed that  Th - dopings have slight to moderate effects on both ESR-signals and conduction mechanism of  Th-doped Bi-Sr-V-O regime. Electrical measurements indicated that the energy gap E g and number of electrons in conduction band N cb increase as the ratio of Th doping increases from x = 0.05 till x = 0.6 mole respectively due to the increasing of paramagnetic character of thorium than vanadium .


This paper investigates the non-democratic advantage in the early adoption of the income tax, one of the most important instruments of taxation both in terms of its extractive capacity and administrative sophistication. We claim that oligarchic elites gain twofold from the adoption of the income tax: rst, politically, provided they are capable of linking its adoption to pre-existing electoral provisions that condition tax payments to political rights. The income tax, we argue, might exacerbate inequality in political representation if favor of existing elites. Second, oligarchic elites might win also economically, as the income tax can work as a mechanism of sectoral redistribution from industry to land. We test both hypotheses exploiting within-country variation in Wilhelmine Germany, 1871-1912, where principalities had virtually full power on tax and electoral provisions. We also include a roll call analysis of the 1891 Prussian income tax bill to address the micro-logic of the argument.


A CULTURAL HISTORY OF 'NATURAL' CHILDBIRTH IN EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Childbirth is an intimate and complex transaction whose topic is physiological and whose language is cultural / Brigitte Jordan

Stuart Hall defined culture as being about shared meanings.This circular model or "cultural circuit" theory devised by Hall and others in 1997 presents representation, identity, production, consumption and regulation as completely integrated. The review begins with an exploration of the lack of articulation around the maternal body that exists, according to Kristeva because it inhabits the "threshold between culture and nature". Ann Oakley known for her work on childbirth and feminist social science writes too about this liminal space. Reflecting on the uncomfortable nature of this space, Oakley explores conflicts around ideas of 'biological destiny' of reproduction for women and the problems around the cultural need to socialize childbirth. Identifying the contradictions in theories around pregnancy and childbirth as a 'contested space', Candace Johnson points to two 'competing forces': nature/tradition and medicine/technology that occupy this "borderland".

The review provides an overview of the literature around birth from a cross-cultural perspective (Jordan,1978), Spencer 1977 [1950]; Freedman and Ferguson 1950; Ford 1964; Mead and Newton 1967; Newman 1969, 1972); and writing on birth from a bio-social perspective that has started to view birth as an area "within which culture is produced, reproduced and resisted".

Following on from this, the review explores literature around the idea that the medicalisation of childbirth was a "class specified process" (Weitz) and the notion of 'painless childbirth' that emerged in the interwar period. This was in part, as a backlash against what was considered excessive obstetric intervention and the brutal obstetric practices of the early 1900s and also by the Health reform movement, where a return to a more 'natural' mode of life for women was advocated in order to reverse the "ill effects of civilization".
The history of childbirth is in many ways a history of cultural attitudes towards pain. This aspect of birth history is widely documented and analysed (Rich, Simkin, Bergum, Freedman and Ferguson, Mead, Sandelowski, Jasen, Moscucci, Cosslett, Atwood, Raphael-Leff). In examining the history of cultural attitudes to pain (in particular the practice of Twilight Sleep in the early 1910s and the 'myth of painless childbirth' that grew in popularity with the 1950s natural birth movement) the review brings together cultural analysis of how these attitudes served political and social agendas; how prevailing cultural attitudes are revealed not only about women, but about race and class. The review contains photographs of original 1950s newspaper cuttings and letters from the Wellcome Archive Library that give insight into popular attitudes about natural birth and the 'new' approach to 'painless birth' in the 1950s.

In an effort to develop a contemporary understanding of how the social and cultural constructions of the body interrelate in the context of birth, I look to the work of Judith Bulter, Pamela Klassen and Rachel Chadwick. I explore the arguments of these writers who consider 'the materiality of birth' and at the same time, aim to trace embodied aspects of birth with the understanding that there is no singular birthing body, that "the language spoken by the body, whether in pain, pleasure, or merely discomfort, is always a translation through a woman's layers of personal and psychic history and cultural values." (Pamela E.Klassen/ Sacred Maternities and Postbiomedical Bodies: Religion and Nature in Contemporary HomeBirth)


A kind of acrylates copolymer thickener was prepared by soap-free and seeded emulsion polymerization. In order to obtain functional polymer latex particles with clean surface and with surface carboxyl groups, Poly(sty- rene-methacrylic acid) (P(St-MAA)) seed particles with the diameter of 250 - 300 nm were synthesized via soap-free emulsion polymerization. Then the seeded emulsion copolymerization of ethylacrylate (EA), lauryl methlacrylate (LMA), St and MAA onto the seed particles were performed in the absence of emulsifier. The content of LMA effected for the particles size and the stability of the emulsion was studied. The thickening performance of this polymer latex was quite good with the high thickening performance, good suspension ability, good transparence and easy to use. The factors of the copolymerization and the properties of the emulsion were discussed. Its structure and morphology were characterize by fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and transmission electron microscope (TEM).


Male Wistar rats were cecectomized or sham-operated. Wheat bran was added to the fiberfree diet (FF diet) at a 10% (w/w) level, which was called the WB diet. The animals were fed on these diets for 5 weeks. Growth and water consumption were not influenced by cecectomy or the WB diet. The apparent digestibility of dietary proteins was decreased after cecectomy and WB diet feeding. Gastrointestinal transit time (TT) was decreased and fecal output (fecal weight and number of fecal pellets) was increased after cecectomy and WB diet feeding. Under FF diet feeding, TT in cecectomized rats was decreased by about two-third compared with sham-operated rats. Under the WB diet, the content of acid-detergent fibers in feces of sham-operated and cecectomized rats were the same. However, the content of neutral-detergent fibers in feces was significantly greater in cecectomized rats compared with sham-operated rats. In sham-operated rats, the pH of cecal contents was significantly lower in rats fed the WB diet than in rats fed the FF diet, and an enlargement of the cecum was not observed in WB diet fed rats, as judged by weight. An enlargement of the colon in cecectomized and WB diet fed rats was not observed, as judged by its weight, .length, mucosal protein and DNA content. The pH of the colonic contents was significantly lower in rats fed the WB diet than in rats fed the FF diet, but was not influenced by cecectomy. Wheat bran of feces and the mucosal surface of the colon were studied with a scanning electron microscope. The pericarps of wheat bran from sham-operated rats had extensive bacterial invasions compared with cecectomized rats. Morphological changes were not observed on the mucosal surface of the colon. (Received May 2, 1983)


This study explores the communication experiences of two volunteer groups involved in the production of community theater musicals. Based on social exchange theory, it examined what group members perceived to be the positive benefits (primarily meeting people and having an opportunity to perform) and the negative costs (primarily disorganization, lack of coordination, and time issues) of participating in the groups. The study found that peer support and opportunity for social interaction, along with positive audience response, were the best predictors of positive reactions to their experiences and commitment to the show and community theater in general. These results provide insight into social exchange theory in group settings and can be applied to other community theater groups, as well as other volunteer organizations.


In this study, the mechanical properties, fatigue life, and endurance limit values were investigated for composite materials containing natural fiber reinforcement (flax, wool), which were arranged by 0°/90° Angle orientation and a combination of 0°/90° and 45°/-45° angle orientation, then the wool woven mixed by flax woven and unidirectional flax interfered with jute woven. Binary blends containing epoxy and polyurethane at v were mixed at various weight percent (0%, 5%, 10%


Summary Acetohydroxamic and N-methylacetohydroxamic acid induce clefts of lip, alveolus and palate or clefts of mandible in rats in the order of 1%, in addition to other malformations, after application of critical doses on the 12th day of pregnancy. The number of survivors together with the other malformations, but not the formation of the clefts of the primary palate, depends on the administered dose. The conditions for the induction of cleft lip, alveolus and palate in animal experiments are analysed and discussed.


Pregnancies and live births from human cryopreserved in vitro fertilization (IVF) embryos provide proof of principle and lead to the adoption of embryo cryopreservation as a routine adjunct to IVF and embryo transfer (IVF/ET). Embryo cryopreservation is an essential tool when embryo transfer is not possible in the cycle of oocyte collection. The widely accepted criterion for embryo survival and eligibility for transfer in a clinical situation is that a minimum of 50% of the original blastomeres survive. Human embryos can be successfully cryopreserved using a range of techniques at all stages of development and can result in the birth of normal, healthy children when transferred back to the uterus. Application of this technology in the context of infertility treatment has had a major impact on the development of more conservative approaches to the number of embryos transferred and the overall cumulative efficiency of treatment.


Objective: The aim is to screen and study the abnormally over-expressed genes in human stomachcancer. Metbods:A case of squamous cell carcinoma of stomach was selected from 4 couples of human stom-ach cancer and normal tissues by dot blot hybridization using c-myc gene as probe. Its DNA was partially di-gested by Sau3A,and then the 15~20 kb fragments were obtained.Furthermore,by means of EMBL4cloning vector,a genomic library from human stomach cancer was constructed. Results: The results showthat the library contains 1.1×106 clones,and the cloning efficiency and the recombination rate are 2.2 × 106clones/μg DNA and≥85%respectively.Conclusion:This genomic library makes it possible to carry out fur-ther researches into the oncogenes of human stomach cancer.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of continuous intraperitoneal insulin infusion (CIPII) compared with subcutaneous insulin on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and treatment satisfaction, and to perform a cost analysis in type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used an open-label, prospective, crossover, randomized, 16-month study (N = 24). HRQOL and patient satisfaction were assessed with questionnaires (the 36-item short-form health survey [SF-36], the World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index [WHO-5], and the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire [DTSQ]). Direct costs of CIPII and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) were compared. RESULTS Questionnaire scores were higher with CIPII than with subcutaneous therapy. Yearly direct pump- and procedure-associated costs for CIPII were estimated at €10,910 compared with €4,810 for CSII. CONCLUSIONS Apart from improving glycemic control, CIPII improved HRQOL and treatment satisfaction compared with subcutaneous insulin. Direct pump- and procedure-associated costs are considerably higher for CIPII, however.


Astroneu is an array of autonomous stations to detect Extensive Air Showers, which is deployed at the Hellenic Open University campus on the outskirts of Patras in western Greece. Currently 9 scintillators detectors and 3 Radio Frequency (RF) antennas have been installed and operated at the site. The detector units are arranged in three autonomous stations each consisting of three scintillator detectors and one RF antenna. We present the hardware components of the array, the online software for the remote control, monitor and Data Acquisition, as well as the offline simulation and reconstruction software. We report also briefly on the performance of the array demonstrating its potential to detect Extensive Air Showers.


Since the advent of democracy in 1994 and the lifting of the cultural boycott, South African photographers have enjoyed considerable success internationally. Led by esteemed veterans David Goldblatt and Peter Magubane, photographers such as Gideon Mendel, Cedric Nunn, Santu Mofokeng, Zwelethu Mthethwa, Jo Ractliffe, Mikhael Subotzky, and Guy Tillim have exhibited widely in Europe and North America. Significantly, these photographers have been shown not only in commercial galleries in these countries but also in public museums and art galleries. Tamar Garb's exhibition Figures and Fictions: Contemporary South African Photography at the Victoria and Albert Museum, London, in 2011, confirmed international interest in this work. South African academics like to speculate about the reasons their compatriot photographers might be doing so well internationally. One of the reasons suggested is what appears to be the unusual commitment of the country's photographers to social issues. Several of this cohort of photographers—and, of course, others—cut their teeth in the Struggle years, during which the medium played a very significant role in the fight for political freedom. However, committed photography at this time was more complicated than simply photographers taking sides. While aligned politically with the Struggle cause, certain photographers came to reject the work of colleagues that they felt replicated the victim status of their subjects. A significant legacy of South African Struggle photography is a clear reflexivity of practice that translates most obviously into concern for the dignity of those represented. Academics and curators have recently begun to consider the history of photography in South Africa with similarly critical eyes. Major international exhibitions, such as Okwui Enwezor and Rory Bester's Rise and Fall of Apartheid: Photography and the Bureaucracy of Everyday Life, and Tamar Garb's Distance and Desire: Encounters with the African Archive (both with substantial catalogs), have made


C enters that provide counseling for the victims of rape and sexual assault have proliferated in the last half-dozen years or so, paralleling the increased public awareness of the frequency with which these offenses occur, the devastating consequences for the victims, and the difficulties that face those who wish to report and prosecute rape. Counseling can help a victim deal with the emotional trauma of rape, as well as with the intricacies of the system with which she must deal if she reports the rape to the police and pursues prosecution. Counseling can also help the victim to work through what has come to be known as rape trauma syndrome,l a disruption that has both immediate and long-lasting effects on her life.


[Objective] In order to study the taxonomic status and characteristic of a highly effective phosphate-solubilizing strain Y3-35 which was isolated from the saline-alkali soil. [Methods] The morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Y3-35 were analyzed. The method of halo ring was applied to isolate the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, the method of Mo-Sb colorimetry was applied to measure phosphorus-dissolving ability. The single factor experiment and the orthogonal experiment were applied to find optimal phosphorus-dissolving condition of strain Y3-35. [Results] The result of identification revealed that phosphate-solubilizing strain Y3-35 can be classified as Pantoea aff. theicola. The phosphorus-dissolving ability of strain Y3-35 showed a negative correlation with pH. The result of the orthogonal experiment indicated that the optimal phosphorus-dissolving condition of phosphor bacteria Y3-35 was as follows: glucose 20.0 g/L, peptone 15.0 g/L, NaCl 2.5 g/L, 24 °C. The maximum phosphorus-dissolving ability could be up to 723.34 mg/L and the phosphorus-dissolving ability increased 251% than before. [Conclusion] The result indicates that Y3-35, a highly efficient phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, might act as a potential candidate for the application. 胡山等: 河西走廊盐碱土壤中一株高效溶磷菌的鉴定及条件优化 359 Tel: 010-64807511; E-mail: email@example.com; http://journals.im.ac.cn/wswxtbcn


ABSTRACT Since the publication of the Salamanca Statement, inclusive education has gained prominence at a global range. In China, this has seen the implementation of 'Learning in Regular Classroom' – a nationwide program initiated by the Chinese government in the 1980s to make regular schools accessible to children with disabilities. The developments of 'Learning in Regular Classroom' over a nearly four-decade time are laudable. Yet structural problems abound and persist. One has been 'lazy inclusivism' that insidiously conceals the unequal social order by strategically labelling certain populations as disadvantaged and diligently providing support to them through a mainstream framework that de facto silences their epistemologies and practices. 'Lazy inclusivism' sustains an astute system that tailors a cloak of laborious business to shroud its own laziness in achieving inclusion. Such labourious business is paradoxically lazy owing to its reductionist approach to inclusion that shows little interest in deconstructing the conservative understanding of disability, which itself is constructed and sustained within current schooling. This Special Issue collects wisdom of Chinese children, parents, and educators to force 'lazy inclusivism' to retreat. At the core of the collective wisdom is agency and resilience, both demonstrating autonomy and power in precarious conditions.


Polymer‐based dielectrics are attracting increasing attention due to their high‐density energy storage. However, mitigating the heat generation in real capacitors has been a challenge. Here an electrothermal breakdown phase‐field model is developed to fundamentally understand the thermal effects on the dielectric breakdown of polymer‐based dielectrics in real capacitor configurations including the increase in the dielectric loss and the decrease in the breakdown strength. While both enhancing the thermal conductivity and reducing the electrical conductivity of the polymer nanocomposites can reduce the thermal effects, it is found that reducing the electrical conductivity is more effective. This work is expected to not only stimulate attention to the thermal effects in polymer‐based dielectrics but also provide a fundamental guidance to mitigate the heat‐induced deterioration of breakdown strength.


important single dietary factor involved was chocolate; little justification appeared for great dietetic restriction, and as a general rule it was limited to chocolate, the "cola" drinks and excessive use of nuts and heavily fried foods. Faulty cosmetic habits were failure to wash the skin properly, stimulation of sebaceous secretion with complexion brushes, and the use of greasy cosmetics; the topical treatment recommended was designed to produce a satisfactory cosmetic effect. Postural habits are important, as Dexter confirmed the findings of others that acne is most pronounced where the hand touches the skin; it is helpful to warn patients of this fact. Emotional tension appeared to be significant and psychotherapy was of value in certain cases. Other aggravating factors concerned were the administration of iodides and of testosterone, occupational contact with oil and grease, menstruation, shaving (the use of electrical razors was helpful in some cases), hot weather and sunbathing. The topical therapy used, with complete or partial success in all cases, consisted first of all in application of soap to the affected areas twice in succession each morning and night. The skin was moistened with water as hot as could be tolerated; then, without undue rubbing, lather was applied with a soft cloth, left on for thirty to sixty seconds (depending on the type of skin) and finally rinsed with hot water. After two such latherings, the patient rinsed with cold water. The hot water and soap were intended to remove sebum and the cold water to decrease secretion. For darker or oilier skins a commercial abrasive soap was used, for fairer complexions a conventional milled toilet soap. Immediately after the cold rinse and drying, the patients applied a topical medicament of 2% of resorcinol, 8% of sulphur and 11% of alcohol in a fiesh-tinted, nongreasy base ("Acnomel"). For patients with a thin, fair skin one application a day, or even every other day, usually sufficed. This preparation decreased the sebaceous secretion and Wll.8 adequately keratolytic and antiseptic for all except deep pustules, and its cosmetic effect allowed treatment by day as well as by night. Where required face powder was used over it without ill effects. Dexter emphasizes that it is not necessary to open small pustules; with extensive cellulitis wet dressings should precede the use of the topical medicament until the acute phase is past, and with deep nodulocystie lesions, surgical and X·ray therapy must be considered. Good results are claimed for this treatment, and its value was supported by control use of other forms of treatment on the other side of the face. Although it requires attention to detail it is relatively simple; and, if it is as effective as is claimed, it should, as Dexter suggests, encourage the general practitioner to begin treatment of acne in the early phases of the disease before permanent damage has occurred.


I was encouraged to read Chloe Copping's article on overeating (reflections January 11). I used to struggle with overeating and it was good to read an explanation of the addictive nature of this disorder.


Post-processing of multiple and hybrid finite element field solutions requires a post-processor that is more general than standard available tools. A novel three-level hierarchic post-processor structure is proposed. The first level of the post-processing environment is a library of programming objects representing mathematical entities such as fields, tables, geometries, meshes and numbers and of operations manipulating them. Frequently used post-processing tasks may be coded explicitly in this kernel and compiled into executable code. An interpreter for mathematical expressions forms the second level of the post-processor structure, Characteristic sequences of operations can be gathered in scripts or in functions and interpreted at run-time. The third level passes commands to the field parser or to the visualization routines. Selected simulation examples demonstrate the capabilities of the chosen approach.


Background: Ewing sarcoma (ES), an osteogenic malignancy that mainly affects children and young adults, is characterized by early metastasis to lung and bone. In the clinical setting, prognosis for patients with metastatic ES at diagnosis is clearly worse than for those without metastases (5-year survival > 30%). Hence, there is an urgent need to understand the fundamental molecular mechanisms of ES differentiation, invasion, and metastasis to possibly identify novel therapeutic strategies to prevent metastasis. The purpose of this study was to shed further light into the function of Chondromodulin 1 (CHM1) on ES pathogenesis, especially on metastasis, and at best to establish new therapeutic targets. Material and Methods: Expression of CHM1 was analyzed using microarrays and its function was examined by RNA interference (RNAi). To analyze resulting changes qRT-PCR, ELISA, FACS, IHC, proliferation and invasion assays, as well as a xeno-transplant model in immune deficient mice were applied. Results: In this study, we investigated the role of the BRICHOS chaperon domain containing endochondral bone protein chondromodulin I (CHM1) in ES pathogenesis. CHM1 is significantly overexpressed in ES and ChIP data demonstrate CHM1 to be directly bound by EWS-FLI1. Using RNA interference we demonstrate that CHM1 enhanced contact-dependent as well as independent proliferation and the invasive potential of ES cells in vitro. This invasiveness was in part mediated via CHM1-regulated MMP9 expression. In a xenograft mouse model CHM1 was essential for the establishment of lung metastases, which is in line with the observed increased CHM1 expression in patient specimens with ES lung metastases. Mechanistically, CHM1 promoted chondrogenic differentiation capacity of ES cells but suppressed endothelial differentiation. Further, CHM1 suppressed the number of TRAP + osteoclasts in an orthotopic model of tumor growth in line with suppression of osteolytic genes such as HIF1A, IL6, JAG1 , and VEGF , indicating that CHM1-blocked osteomimicry might play a role in homing, colonization, and invasion into bone tissues. Conclusions: Our results suggest that CHM1 is an important player suppressing endothelial differentiation capacity and seems essential for the invasive and metastatic capacities of ES. Citation Format: Kristina von Heyking, Julia Calzada-Wack, Stefanie Gollner, Oxana Schmidt, Tim Hensel, David Schirmer, Annette Fasan, Carsten Muller-Tidow, Poul Sorensen, Stefan Burdach, Gunther H.S. Richter. The endochondral bone protein CHM1 sustains an undifferentiated, invasive phenotype promoting lung metastasis in Ewing sarcoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Conference on Advances in Sarcomas: From Basic Science to Clinical Translation; May 16-19, 2017; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(2_Suppl):Abstract nr B03.


Previous investigations of organic genotoxins in industrial effluents discharged into the St. Lawrence Rivers system (Quebec, Canada) indicated that a substantial fraction of the genotoxicity is adsorbed to suspended particulate matter. This study used the SOS Chromotest to investigate the presence, potency, and behavior of particle‐bound genotoxins in the downstream ecosystem. The results indicate that although extracts of both suspended and sedimented particulate matter are genotoxic, suspended particulate matter samples are more potent in the absence of S9 activation, with the reverse being true for bottom sediments. The results confirmed a positive relationship between the genotoxicity of bottom sediment extracts and sediment organic matter content. A similar relationship between organic matter content and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentration indicates that putative genotoxins have physicochemical properties similar to the PAH class of contaminants. Conversion of PAH values to benzo[a]pyrene equivalents indicates that measured PAHs only account for a small fraction (∼10%) of the observed SOS Chromotest response. Sites that receive discharges from foundries, aluminum refineries, and petroleum refineries yielded several of the most genotoxic samples. Further analyses revealed that the genotoxicity of suspended and sedimented particulate matter extracts is empirically related to the genotoxicity of industrial discharges. Comparisons of total genotoxicity levels in suspended particulates and bottom sediments suggest that direct‐acting substances adsorbed to suspended matter are rapidly degraded and/or converted to more stable progenotoxins upon deposition. Further research is required to test this hypothesis and investigate effects on indigenous biota.


Having good water quality is important for a healthy river. However, it is difficult to quantify
the state of river water quality due to the large choice of possible water quality parameters used
to describe it. On the other hand, insufficient funding, particularly in developing countries, is
one of the most common constraints towards monitoring all water quality parameters of a river
as it is laborious and expensive. Given these facts, Water Quality Indices (WQIs) have been one
of the most commonly used approaches across the world in evaluating river water quality
effectively. A WQI is a useful tool to define the state of water quality in a body of water which
can be used for decision making and operational management by the water authorities. It can
also be used to compare the water quality of rivers spatially and temporarily, and to provide
water quality status reports to policy makers and the public in a simple and an understandable
manner.


ness of biased experts than on truth, which has been obscured by our present procedures.&dquo; The third part deals with the physician's right to maintain medical secrecy in courts, which increasingly have been trying to invade the privacy of the confidential doctor-patient relationship. Guttmacher concludes that &dquo;among all of the members of the medical profession it behooves the psychiatrists to prevent, most zealously, the divulging of information obtained from their patients.&dquo; &dquo;This dilemma,&dquo; he warns, &dquo;represents a real area of conflict between psychiatry and the law.&dquo;


: Since the reform and opening up, Jiangsu Province, as a province that has a huge influence on China's national economy, has always been at the forefront of the country in terms of various trade indicators. However, with the continuous decline of China's demographic dividend and the rising cost of labor and land, Jiangsu's advantage in foreign trade is steadily weakening. With the proposition of the new policy "Belt and Road", Jiangsu's foreign trade development has ushered in a new situation. In this article, the author analyzes such policy conditions as a background, and in this context takes the issue of foreign trade in Jiangsu Province as an analysis point, and then finds a development direction that is beneficial to the province's foreign trade. Finally, Make relevant suggestions and opinions.


University student-management teachers are backbones in carrying on ideological and political education in universities,and also organizers,conductors and instructors of daily ideological and political education and student management.The quality of student-management staff construction is deeply related to students' training and moreover to the development of the university.The paper probes into staff selection,staff training,staff improvement and management measures.


A dual-band flexible antenna on a 3-D printed support is proposed for wrist worn applications. The antenna is aimed to work at 860 MHz and 2.4 GHz. A spatial diversity technique is used to overcome the blocking of the radiation by the arm. Characteristic Mode Analysis is used as a first step of the design process, analyzing different structures.


Green computing is a very emerging topic these days, not only because of rising energy costs and potential savings, but also due to the impact on the environment. Green technology focuses on reducing the environmental impact of industrial processes and technologies caused by the Earth's growing population. It has taken upon itself the goal to provide society's needs in ways that do not damage or deplete natural resources. To address the various challenges, we design the Green - Cloud architecture and the corresponding Green Cloud exploratory system. This article suggests that tracking energy consumption at every level will become the factor of success for green architecture practitioners. It also suggests some green computing tips for a greener environment.


In multi-cell massive multiuser multi-input multi-output (MU-MIMO) systems, the channel estimation performance is degraded by the pilot contamination problem. This effect occurs when non-orthogonal pilot sequences are reused by other users in the adjacent cells. In this study, two channel estimation methods based on low-rank matrix approximation technique are proposed to mitigate pilot contamination problem in time division duplex multi-cell massive MU-MIMO systems. In the first method, the massive MU-MIMO channel estimation is formulated as the nuclear norm (NN) optimisation problem and solved by using a novel estimation algorithm proposed in this study. In the second method, the iterative weighted NN (IWNN) is proposed to improve the NN estimation performance. Consequently, the regularisation parameter of both optimisation methods is selected based on the cross-validation curve method. The simulation results show that both proposed methods outperform the traditional least square method in terms of the normalised mean square error. Moreover, the IWNN estimation method demonstrates substantial improvement over the NN estimation method in the presence of strong pilot contamination problem.


Abstract This article reviews research on English past-tense acquisition to test the validity of the single mechanism model and the dual mechanism model, focusing on regular-irregular dissociation and semantic bias. Based on the review, it is suggested that in L1 acquisition, both regular and irregular verbs are governed by semantics; that is, early use of past tense forms are largely restricted to achievement verbs — regular or irregular. In contrast, some L2 acquisition studies show stronger semantic bias for regular past tense forms (Housen, The development of tense-aspect in English as a second language and the variable influence of inherent aspect, John Benjamins, 2002). It is argued that L1 acquisition of the past-tense morphology can be accounted for adequately — without assuming dual mechanisms — by relying on connectionist-like input-based prototype formation as a mechanism for the development of tense-aspect morphology.


The present disclosure relates to reconfigurable drive mechanism for use in a drug delivery device (10). Drug delivery device (10) has a distal direction (14) and proximally (12). Drive mechanism, the drive gear (22) and engaged driving rack (20), the piston rack (30) engaged with the piston gear (32), and the drive gear (22) connected to the piston gear (32) connecting means for including (50). In the first state of the drive mechanism, when the piston gear drive gear (22) (32) is connected, and a driving rack (20) is moved distally (14), the piston rack (30) is distal move in the direction (14). In the second state of the drive mechanism, the drive gear (22) and the piston gear (32) is uncoupled, and is movable in the piston rack (30) is proximal direction (12) in order to reset the drive mechanism . .FIELD 1


Only eighty years after the original publication of Djuna Barnes's Nightwood was the Polish literary market enriched by a translation of one of the strangest novels of Euro- American modernism. Marcin Szuster's translation, with the Polish title Ostępy nocy, has already garnered praise as well as prizes, leading to the first Polish discussion concerning the work of the eccentric American writer. The focus of this article is to analyze the Polish translation of Nightwood with a special interest in Barnes's style, which itself becomes a central character in the novel and which connects, according to feminist critics (K. Kaivola, S. Benstock), to its emancipatory potential. In this article I discuss the claim that the complex style of such prose is the (conscious) manifestation of a woman's voice (as an affect), behind which one can discover a body – one that experiences and is experienced (J. Taylor). The body, both a structural and a rhetorical category in feminist criticism, can be seen in Barnes's prose as an element which organizes both time and space – therefore, the ambiguity of her terms and the complexity of style make for a real translation challenge. Marcin Szuster as a translator needs to follow Barnes's "distinctive point of view," which is a "feminine" one, distanced by gender, experience and time.


This chapter discusses Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is primarily characterized by motor symptoms; these include bradykinesia with rigidity and/or rest tremor according to the latest diagnostic criteria. Dr James Parkinson noted that the disease came on gradually, beginning in the hands and arms before moving through the rest of the body, and observed the weariness, inconvenience, and anguish it provoked in its victims. Nowadays, an increasingly more prominent role is being given to non-motor symptoms of PD; efforts are accordingly being made to produce a reclassification of clinical subtypes. Parkinsonism is principally divided into primary and secondary types. While potential causes of secondary parkinsonism should always be investigated and, when possible, treated, primary parkinsonism embraces a number of neurodegenerative disorders of multifactorial origin. The most common type of primary parkinsonism is PD. Another group of degenerative disorders is labelled atypical parkinsonism. The designation 'atypical' mainly refers to the poor levodopa response and the early manifestation of additional clinical features such as ophthalmoparesis, dysautonomia, apraxia, or dementia. Finally, the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism also encompasses a wide range of rare hereditary degenerative disorders that should be taken into account if the clinical presentation is not typical.


This work proposes a supermarket optimization simulation model called Swarm-Moves is based on self organized complex system studies to identify parameters and their values that can influence customers to buy more on impulse in a given period of time. In the proposed model, customers are assumed to have trolleys equipped with technology like RFID that can aid the passing of products' information directly from the store to them in real-time and vice-versa. Therefore, they can get the information about other customers purchase patterns and constantly informing the store of their own shopping behavior. This can be easily achieved because the trolleys "know" what products they contain at any point. The Swarm-Moves simulation is the virtual supermarket providing the visual display to run and test the proposed model. The simulation is also flexible to incorporate any given model of customers' behavior tailored to particular supermarket, settings, events or promotions. The results, although preliminary, are promising to use RFID technology for marketing products in supermarkets and provide several dimensions to look for influencing customers via feedback, real-time marketing, target advertisement and on-demand promotions.


We propose a novel mechanism with two component dark matter models. The subdominant dark matter can thermalize the dominant one in galaxies, and leads to core density profiles. Using ultralight dark photons and $\mathrm{GeV}$-$\mathrm{TeV}$ Dirac fermions as an example, we couple the two dark matter candidates with a $U(1)$ interaction. This mechanism differs from self-interacting dark matter, due to three effects: (1) higher occupation numbers, (2) forward-backward scattering cancellation, and (3) the multiple scatterings required for the heavy dark matter. Furthermore, the Bullet Cluster bound is evaded due to the reduced Bose enhancement factor. Unlike the fuzzy dark matter solution to the small structure problems which have tension with Lyman-$\alpha$, the ultralight dark photons with mass $\gtrsim 10^{-21}$ eV can have a core profile through interactions with $\psi$ and are not constrained by other astrophysical observations.


This book presents a selection of 13 studies by various authors on aspects of migration flows from developing countries to urban areas in developed countries. These migration flows have resulted in urban populations of considerable ethnic diversity here called EthniCities. "This book focuses on geographical processes and concomitant socioeconomic and political issues associated with ethnic diversity in a variety of urban areas in eleven countries. Although varying in size complexity and historical background each of these urban areas contains ethnic diversity that is of crucial importance to fundamental issues facing their respective societies. In some cases the population size and residential spatial distribution of some or all ethnic groups have been relatively stable; in many other cases these dimensions have changed very rapidly in the last few years." (EXCERPT)


Beam halo collimation is of great importance for the high repetition rate operation at the European XFEL and for the future CW machines. At the European XFEL several different types of collimators are installed at different locations of the beam line, which include the gun collimators, the bunch compressor collimators, and the main and supplementary collimators in the collimation section. Beam halo measurements have been performed using the wire scanners downstream of the main linac, which show that large part of beam halo is collimated by the gun collimator. Remaining losses in the collimation section are mainly due to misalignment. Alignment using orbit bumps in the collimation section is performed and presented in this paper. INTRODUCTION The European XFEL (EuXFEL) operates with a 10 Hz RF gun and a superconducting linac with a maximum repetition rate of 4.5 MHz (27000 bunches/s) and a maximum beam power of more than 500 kW [1-4]. The layout of the EuXFEL is shown in Fig.1 (top). In the future, the EuXFEL is planned to be upgraded to CW operation mode. The long-term stable operation of the facility relies on the control of beam losses and exposure to dark current, which may cause radiation damage of different components in the beam line (e.g. undulators). Therefore, it is crucial to collimate the dark current and beam halos generated in the gun and along the ~ 1.7 km long linac. Figure 1: Schematic layout of European XFEL beam line (top) with the gun collimator (bottom left), the bunch compressor collimator (bottom middle) and the main collimator in the collimation section (bottom right). At the European XFEL several different types of collimators are installed at different locations of the beam line. For the gun dark current and beam halo collimation, two plates (11 mm thick) are installed after the gun (see Fig.1 bottom left): one with Ø 2-8 mm variable apertures and another one with fixed Ø 8 mm aperture. These two plates can block main part of the dark current at low energy of 6 MeV and avoid high energy radiation and activation of components. After the injector, in the three bunch compressor (BC) chicanes, three collimators are installed for energy halo collimation. These collimators constitute two bars (upper and lower), which can be moved separately (see Fig.1 bottom middle). The positions of these collimators depend on the compression setup (R56) [5]. After the linac, a ~200 m long collimation section (CL section) [6], with four main (COLM) and three supplementary (COLS) collimators, is dedicated to collimate the dark current from the linac, beam halo and off-energy particles. The specifications of the above mentioned collimators are summarized in Table 1. Table 1: Collimator Specifications Location Geometry Thickness/length Material Gun Ø 2-8 mm holes 11 mm Cu BC Upper and lower bars 35 mm/75 mm Cu COLM Ø 4,6,8,20 mm holes 0.5 m Ti alloy COLS Ø 10 mm holes 1 m Al First beam halo1 measurements using the wire scanners (WS) [7] have been performed before and after the CL section and reported in Ref. [8]. The same method for beam halo measurements is used in this paper to study the performance of the gun collimator. Then, the beam loss map in the CL section is presented followed by the alignment of the beam with respect to the collimators using the orbit bump tool. GUN COLLIMATOR PERFORMANCE During the commission of the EuXFEL, we have noticed that a single plate of collimator is not sufficient for the gun dark current collimation, and the secondary particles generated during the collimation can still be transported downstream. Therefore, in the end of 2017, another plate with variable apertures is installed upstream of the fixed aperture plate and it is in operation in the beginning of 2018. After adding this plate, we have observed significant improvement of dark current and beam halo collimation. ___________________________________________ † email@example.com 1 By beam halo, we mean the projected beam distribution beyond ±3σ. Since it is the projected beam distribution, it can be the bunch tails which is tilted. 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf. IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia JACoW Publishing ISBN: 978-3-95450-208-0 doi:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-TUPRB019 MC2: Photon Sources and Electron Accelerators A06 Free Electron Lasers TUPRB019 1717 Co nt en tf ro m th is w or k m ay be us ed un de rt he te rm so ft he CC BY 3. 0 lic en ce (© 20 19 ). A ny di str ib ut io n of th is w or k m us tm ai nt ai n at tri bu tio n to th e au th or (s ), tit le of th e w or k, pu bl ish er ,a nd D O I


Different solvents(water and 75% ethanol)and different methods(regurgitation and ultrasound)have been adopted to extract total phenolic acid in Stenoloma Chusana(L.)Ching.With protocatechuic acid as the standard reference,0.6%FeCl3-0.9%K3[Fe(CN)6](1:0.9)as the developer,the total phenolic acid content has been determined by using spectrophotometry at 717 nm.The results show that protocatechuic acid presents a good linear relation at the range of 0.440~3.083 μg·mL-1(r=0.9994),and the average recovery is 98.98% with RSD=2.21%(n=6).The experiment indicates that total phenolic acid in Stenoloma Chusana(L.)otal phenolic acid is 42.40 mg·g-1.In this dissertation,the determination method of total phenolic acid is establisheChing can be extracted with 75% ethanol by using ultrasound,and controlling the temperature to 57 ℃.Td,which is simple,reliable,accurate and reproducible.It can be used as the standard for quality control of total phenolic acid,and as an effective means of testing for further development and utilization of the edicminal value of Stenoloma Chusana(L.)Ching.


Introduction As a transmembrane glycoprotein, the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) has been shown to be strongly overexpressed on the majority of tumor cells of epithelial origin and its overexpression has been supposed to support tumor progression and metastasis. Hence EpCAM has been made as a suitable antigen for targeted cancer therapy. In this case different types of antibodies including antibody fragments such as single chain fragment variable (ScFv) antibodies have been produced for drug delivery to this specific antigen. Pichia pastoris is a highly efficient and cost-effective system for expression of recombinant proteins. In this study, we used the Pichia expression system to express a ScFv against EpCAM extracellular domain (EpEX). Materials and Methods: A codon optimized gene encoding anti-EpEX protein was cloned into the Xho I and Xba I sites of the pPICZαB vector. Transformation of CS115 strain was performed via electroporation method. The recombinant protein was linearized by using Sac I restriction endonuclease prior to gene integration into the genome. Results: Successfully cloned anti- EpEX gene into the pPICZαB vector was confirmed by restriction analysis and sequencing. The transforming agents with genome containing inserted pPICZαB- anti- EpEX were confirmed via PCR amplification of genomic DNA using AOX1 primers. Conclusion: These findings imply that the engineered strain is able to express the recombinant anti- EpEX which may be used as a potential candidate in cancer immunotherapy. Key Words: EpCAM, Recombinant protein, ScFv, pPICZαB, Pichia pastoris , CS115


During formation of HIV particles, the Gag polyproteins are thought to interact with Vpr proteins to promote their encapsidation in the nascent particles. To directly visualize and monitor the formation of the Gag-Vpr complexes and correlate their formation with Vpr oligomerization, we used two photon lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and time laps microscopy on HeLa cells expressing eGFP-labelled Vpr and tetracystein-tagged Gag proteins detected by the biarsenical ReAsH labelling reagent. Using these fluorescent microscopy approaches, we found that Gag proteins interact directly with Vpr proteins, which results in their transfer from the nuclear to the plasma membrane. Vpr oligomerization was found critical for both its interaction with Gag proteins and its transfer to the plasma membrane. Moreover, mutations in the C-terminal domain of Gag abolished the interaction with Vpr and its redistribution to the plasma membrane, indicating that this domain was critical for interaction with Vpr. Taken together, these data show that the Gag polyproteins interact through their C-terminal domain with Vpr oligomers, promoting the redistribution of the latter at the plasma membrane and probably their incorporation into nascent viral particles.


A VCE Revolutions teacher reflects on living and learning in China and offers an online resource on the Chinese Revolution.


Although most work on intramolecular energy-transfer between nonconjugated chromophores has relied on measurements of donor and/or acceptor emission, it is evident that by proper choice of molecular system, a photochemical reaction of the acceptor could replace its emission. In the Diels–Alder adduct of 1,4-naphthoquinone with cyclopentadiene, the donor tetralin-1,4-dione (D) has been shown to transfer intramolecularly its lowest triplet energy to the isolated norbornylene double bond (N). Following energy migration, the excited olefinic acceptor attacks the π-system of the benzene nucleus in (D) to form a cage product by intramolecular cycloaddition. Sensitization experiments, control reactions, and low-temperature emission spectra verified the path followed by the excitation energy. Apparently the mechanism requires a change in steric conformation prior to cage formation. The intramolecular photochemical cycloaddition in the analogous p-benzoquinone–cyclopentadiene adduct is also discussed.


Constructive description logics are interpretations of description logics (DLs) under appropriate constructive semantics. The application of such non-classical semantics to description logics is motivated by the interest in using the formal properties of constructive semantics in knowledge representation. Starting from different constructive semantics, several constructive description logics have been proposed, see e.g. [4,6,11]. Constructive description logics have been mostly studied from a theoretical viewpoint, and they have also been applied to tackle different representation and reasoning problems (see, e.g., [2,8,9,10]); however, the interaction between formal and practical aspects of constructive DLs has been scarcely investigated in the literature. To bridge this gap, in [1] we have proposed a simple constructive DL based on EL and we have discussed its relationship with Answer Set Programming (ASP). Exploiting such a connection, we have presented a Datalog encoding managing a reasoning task over the constructive semantics (namely, the generation of "valid states" of a knowledge base) and we have provided a prototype based on the standard OWL-EL profile, together with "off the shelf" tools for manipulation of OWL 2 ontologies and ASP reasoning. Our constructive interpretation of EL is based on information terms (ITs) semantics [3,6,12], a constructive semantics related to the BHK (Brower-HeytingKolmogorov) interpretation of logical connectives [13]. Intuitively, an information term η for a formula K is a syntactical object that constructively justifies the truth of K in a classical model M. For instance, let us consider the EL concept ∃R.C and the formula ∃R.C(d), to be understood as "the individual d belongs to ∃R.C". The validity of ∃R.C(d) in a model M can be explained by an information term (e, η) providing the filler e such that (dM, eM) (the pair of elements interpreting d and e in M) belongs to RM (the relation interpreting R in M) and, inductively, an information term η justifying the validity of the formula C(e). Information terms have been used to represent the state or answer of a formula (and, by extension, a notion of "snapshot" representing a valid state of a knowledge base). The relation between information terms and answer sets


The application discloses a method and apparatus for information transmission. Therefore, problems that individual needs of all users can not be met and the pressures at the server end and the network are high in the prior art can be solved. The method comprises: when receiving an information obtaining request, a server side determines a reading speed of a corresponding user according to information sending time and a sent information quantity that are stored in a historical record; and according to the determined reading speed, the quantity of information that is going to be returned is determined and information with the corresponding quantity is returned to a client. And the faster the reading speed, the larger quantity the returned information. With the method, the server side can return information with the corresponding quantity according to the reading speeds of all users, thereby meeting the individual needs of all users; and for the user with the faster reading speed, the server side can return more information to the user, so that a phenomenon that the server side receives and processes information obtaining requests frequently can be prevented and thus the pressures of the server side and the network can be effectively reduced.


A computer program is described which simulates section topographs of dislocations. It is shown that the contrast of the image is greatly modified when the direction, magnitude and sign of the Burgers vector of a given dislocation are varied and that it is now possible, by comparison of the simulation with the experiment, to determine quantitatively the Burgers vector of any straight dislocation in any crystal.


This study analyzed the engagement of eight English as a New Language (ENL) students in collaborative science inquiry over a school year in Grade 5. The science inquiry integrated knowledge-building discourse in the classroom and online. The data sources included classroom observations, records of face-to-face and online discourse, and interviews with the ENL and regular classroom teachers. Despite the language difficulties that the students encountered, they were able to improve their participation over time, interacting with peers in the knowledge-building discourse with support from the ENL teacher and regular classroom teacher. Collaborative knowledge building provides an authentic, dialogical context that integrates language learning with language use, with rich opportunities and social support for ENL students' to both listen and express their voice in classroom communication.


The impact of SoC on-die decap in LPDDR system is investigated. On-die decap determines the PDN (Power Delivery Network) response and the resonance peak. It impacts the critical eye-aperture metric which reaches a point of diminishing return beyond a certain decap value. Analysis show that for a LPDDR4X PoP system running at 4266 Mbps, additional 1nF of decap beyond the optimal value improves aperture by only 0.5ps. Determining optimal on-die decap is essential to avoid unnecessary expensive silicon area. Methodology presented can be applied to other interfaces such as LPDDR5, DDR5 and GDDR6. Analysis in time and frequency domains is covered.


Let A be a ring, let M be an A-bimodule, and let C be the center of M. A map F: A → M is said to be range-inclusive (respectively, skew range-inclusive) if [A,F(x)] ⊆ [x,M] for every x ∈ A (respectively, A ◦ F(x) ⊆ x ◦ M for every x ∈ A). Recently, Bresar investigated range-inclusive maps from a unital ring with wide idempotents into a unital A-bimodule. In this paper, our main purpose is to investigate skew range-inclusive maps from a unital ring with wide idempotents into a unital 2-torsion free A-bimodule.


The utility model relates to a probe protection device for an ultrasonic tumor therapeutic system, which comprises a left cover plate, a right cover plate, a first contactor, a second contactor, a first elastic component and a second elastic component; wherein, a support, which is fixed connected with and forms a certain angle with, the cover plates, is arranged at both ends of the left cover plate and the right cover plate, the support is movably connected with the probe body, the first contactor is fixedly connected outside the left cover plate, the second contactor is fixedly connected outside the right cover plate, the first elastic component is arranged inside the left cover plate, and the second elastic component is positioned inside the right cover plate. Because the probe protection device is arranged on the top of the probe body of the utility model, the probe acoustic head may not be reflected when the high-strength ultrasonic waves of the therapy head are partially reflected along water surface, so as to overcome the defect that the probe acoustic head may be damaged, and simultaneously reduce the cost for equipment maintenance.


A refined plastic hinge analysis method incorporated with a work increment control solution technique is presented. In the refined plastic hinge analysis method, geometric nonlinearity was considered by using the stability functions of beam-column members, and material nonlinearity is considered by using the gradual stiffness degradation model that included the effects of residual stress, moment redistribution by the occurrence of plastic hinges, and the geometric imperfections of members. In the work increment control method, an automatic incremental algorithm calculating the load factor and the magnitude of incremental work for next incremental loading step was considered. To verify the appropriateness of the present method, the analysis results regarding load-displacement curve, ultimate load, plastic hinge location, and post-critical response of plane steel frames obtained by the present method were compared with those obtained by the refined plastic hinge analysis incorporated with a simple load increment solution technique and plastic zone method incorporated with a refined simple load increment solution technique.