Nursing Educators' and Nursing Leaders' Views on Practice Readiness in Novice Nurses by Diane Robinson MS, University of South Florida, 2011 BSN, St. Petersburg College, 2009 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy


In 1978 there was a surplus of £2,174 shown in the Society's accounts compared with £1,041 in 1977. Subscriptions and entrance fees received amounted to £2,908. There was a net cost to the Society's funds of £105 on the annual dinner held on 24th May 1978. The production of the Medico-Legal Journal resulted in a net receipt of £597. Other printing costs incurred amounted to £35, a fall of £608 compared with 1977, when a membership list was published. Secretarial assistance and expenses totalled £112, as against £426 in the previous year.


Requalification of equipment in operating nuclear power plants to present-day criteria can be an expensive undertaking; however in situ measurements and data analysis procedures can be used to significantly reduce these costs. The procedures necessary to develop a required response spectrum for an instrument located at an elevated position within a base-fixed enclosure from modal analysis parameter measurements on the enclosure while installed in operating nuclear plant is addressed. Several examples are given to demonstate the ability of the procedures to develop the parameters necessary to predict component elevated responses from postulated enclosure base motion without recourse to analytical structural modeling of the base-fixed structure.


Antigen (Ag) specific activation of naïve T cells by migrating dendritic cells (DCs) is a highly efficient process, although the chances for their colocalization in lymph nodes (LNs) appear low. Ag presentation may be delegated from Ag‐donor DCs to the abundant resident DCs, but the routes of Ag transfer and how it facilitates T‐cell activation remain unclear. We visualized CD8+ T cell‐DC interactions to study the sites, routes, and cells mediating Ag transfer in mice. In vitro, Ag transfer from isolated ovalbumin (OVA)+ bone marrow (BM) DCs triggered widespread arrest, Ca2+ flux, and CD69 upregulation in OT‐I T cells contacting recipient DCs. Intravital two‐photon imaging revealed that survival of Ag‐donor DCs in LNs was required for Ag dissemination among resident CD11c+ DCs. Upon interaction with recipient DCs, CD8+ T cells clustered, upregulated CD69, proliferated and differentiated into effectors. Few DCs sufficed for activation, and for efficient Ag dissemination lymphocyte function associated antigen 1 (LFA‐1) expression on recipient DCs was essential. Similar findings characterized DCs infected with a replication‐deficient OVA‐expressing Vaccinia virus known to downregulate MHC‐I. Overall, active Ag dissemination from live incoming DCs helped activate CD8+ T cells by increasing the number of effective presenting cells and salvaged T‐cell priming when Ag‐donor DCs could not present Ag.


This paper discusses how IRIG 106 Chapter 10 recording techniques could be employed in a network-centric environment, while maintaining as many of the strengths of the traditional approach. In the course of that discussion, aspects of the published standard which would have to be disregarded or reinterpreted for a network-centric approach to be adopted are illustrated.


The design complexity and size of convectively-cooled engine and airframe structures for hypersonic transports necessitate the use of large general purpose computer programs for both thermal and structural analyses. Generally thermal analyses are based on the lumped-parameter finite difference technique, and structural analyses are based on the finite element technique. Differences in these techniques make it difficult to achieve an efficient interface. It appears, therefore, desirable to conduct an integrated analysis based on a common technique. A summary is provided of efforts by NASA concerned with the development of an integrated thermal structural analysis capability using the finite element method. Particular attention is given to the development of conduction/forced-convection finite element methodology and applications which illustrate the capabilities of the developed concepts.


Even in a climate of falling energy prices there is a continued drive towards the development of renewable energy schemes. Indeed, the UK Government has stated that it would like to see 10% of the electricity market derived from renewable sources by the year 2010. Legislation may also cause a return of interest in CHP should the Government provide fiscal incentives through the requirement for energy efficiency and lower environmental emissions. Therefore, the number of connections will continue to rise. The existing electrical distribution system in the UK was not designed for connection of local generation and a number of technical problems exist that require a solution include: voltage control/voltage rise; fault level increase in the network; impact on power quality; and island operation. The aim of this paper is to examine the effect of independent generation upon traditional network voltage control and suggest possible solutions to the technical problems encountered.


By the comparisons between the social logistics cost in China and USA,this paper mainly discusses the constitution of the two countries' social logistics cost and their differences.Supported by the gray relational analysis method,it analyzes the trends of total logistics cost change in the two countries from 1996 to 2010,the correlations between their GDP,transportation cost,inventory carrying cost,and logistics administration cost,their differences and causes as well.The study aims to further understand which factors in social logistics cost constitution have highest correlation with the development trend of the dynamic process in GDP in terms of their comparisons.It has proposed some suggestions about how to lower the logistics cost in China.The findings show that proportions of China total logistics cost and three components of logistics cost in GDP tend to be lower than before.Whereas the correlations between GDP and the three costs respectively in China are higher than those in the USA.That is,the correlation between GDP and inventory carrying cost is 50.08% higher than that in the USA,and the correlation between GDP and transportation cost is 19.49% higher than that in the USA.It proposes that the key issues to improve China logistics development are to lower the logistics cost,and optimize the logistics cost structure.


A series of Cr and Fe promoted Rh-based silica supported catalysts were prepared by an incipient co-impregnation method. The performance of the catalysts was investigated by the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide to ethanol. The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption–desorption, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, H2 temperature-programmed reduction, temperature programmed surface reaction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results revealed that addition of 0.2–0.4 wt% Cr to Rh/SiO2 increased its activity significantly. However, further addition of 0.1–0.2 wt% Fe lowered CO conversion slightly, while the selectivity towards ethanol was enhanced significantly. Therefore, high catalytic activity and selectivity toward ethanol were achieved by simultaneous introduction of 0.4 wt% Cr and 0.2 wt% Fe to Rh/SiO2. This may be due to improved dispersion of Rh particles, moderate ability to dissociate CO molecules, and high ratio of Rh+ sites to Rh0 sites.


We consider a "pragmatic" coded QAM single-carrier modulation choice, with frequency-domain equalization, for the uplink of future broadband wireless communication systems. The paper presents and discusses a set of performance results concerning the proposed schemes within a broadband system operating at 40 GHz. For the sake of comparisons, the paper includes results for coded QAM multicarrier modulation schemes with the same spectral efficiencies, also relying on the same 64-state, rate-1/2 convolutional code. The overall advantage of the single-carrier choice is emphasized.


The micellization behavior of the nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 (TX100) and the cationic cetyltrime- thylammonium bromide (CTAB) binary mixtures was investigated in ethylene glycol (EG) and water mixtures using a tensiometric technique. We show that synergistic effects exist for surface tension reduction and mixed micelle formation. When the molar fraction of CTAB in the mixture is about 0.3, the synergistic effect is at its optimum. The critical micelle concentration of the mixture increases as the content of EG in the mixed solvents increases. The established theories of Rubingh and Maeda were applied to determine the molar fraction of the different components, the interaction parameters and several thermodynamic properties of the micellar phase. We found that the micelle composition and the interaction parameters from Rubingh′s model and Maeda′s model were in agreement.


A method has been developed for synthesising fluorescently labeled capped mRNA. The method incorporates a single fluorescent molecule as part of the 5′-mRNA or oligonucleotide cap site. The fluorescent molecule, Ant-m7GTP is specifically incorporated into the cap site to yield Ant-m7GpppG-capped mRNA or oligonucleotide. Efficient capping was observed with 60–100% of the RNA transcripts capped with the fluorescent molecule. The Ant-m7G derivative, which has been previously shown to interact with the eukaryotic cap binding protein eIF4E, is shown in this paper to be a substrate for the Vaccinia capping enzyme and the DCP2 decapping enzyme from Arabidopsis. Further, the Ant-m7GTP-capped RNA is readily translated. This Ant-m7GTP-capped RNA provides an important tool for monitoring capping reactions, translation, and biophysical studies.


Accurate muscular force estimation (from upper arm muscles) based on surface electromyogram forms an important issue in upper limb prosthetic design applications. The whole system consists of surface electrodes, signal acquisition protocols, and signal conditioning at different levels. Labview soft scope was used to acquire the surface electromyogram signal from the designed hardware. The study is concerned with the estimation of characteristics of recorded signals, and for that, statistical techniques of PCA were exercised for verifying the effectiveness of the processed signal against different upper arm motions before its classification. Thereafter, artificial neural network classifier was implemented for the classification surface electromyogram signals with best classification rate of 89.30%. Finally, the processing technique was used to significantly (p < .05) improve classification rate, without much loss of information.


Both microporous membranes (of ceramic material or metal) and pore-free membranes (usually polymers, but also metal and glass) are used in industrial gas separations. The only process of industrial significance utilizing microporous partitions is the enrichment of uranium; pore-free membranes are mainly used in practice. Among the separations using polymeric membranes, the following processes are considered: (1.) purification of refinery hydrogen; (2.) enrichment of a CO/H2 synthesis gas in CO; and (3.) isolation of helium from natural gas. Metallic membranes are employed in the following processes: (1.) purification of hydrogen with the aid of a Pd/Ag membrane and (2.) separation of H2 from a CO/H2 mixture. In conclusion, problems yet to be solved and recognizable development trends are considered.


Desquamative gingivitis (DG) is a gingival manifestation of systemic mucocutaneous disorders such as mucous membrane pemphigoid, oral lichen planus, and pemphigus vulgaris. The lesion is very painful, so affects the patient's ability to do proper oral hygiene practices. This may be a potential risk factor for long-term periodontal health. However, there is some controversy about the relationship between the existence of DG and periodontal status. Although the correlation between DG-associated diseases and periodontal status is not to be certain, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment including adequate plaque control and removal of local factors is very important for preventing the progression of diseases and destruction of periodontal tissues.


Landforms resembling tuyas and moberg hills and ridges in Acidalia and Cydonia are examined using MGS MOC, MOLA, and TES data. Using multiple datasets provides additional constraints on the question of whether these landforms are hydrovolcanic in origin. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.


High resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy has been used to probe hydrogenated diamond film surfaces exposed to 1keV Ar+ ions at a dose of ∼1015cm−2 and thermal annealing. The defects induced on the upper atomic layers were identified with regard to the different hydrogenated species hybridization states as well as their thermal stability. Ion irradiation resulted in the coexistence of a partially hydrogenated disordered near surface region including CH species bonded in sp, sp2, and sp3 bonding configurations and CC dimers. Thermal annealing of the ion beam irradiated hydrogenated surface leads to complete hydrogen desorption at ∼650°C. This temperature is significantly lower compared to a well defined diamond surface for which an annealing temperature above 900°C is needed.


Modern critics have given little attention and less praise to Chaucer's prose. G. P. Krapp has characterized his translations as awkward, perfunctory, and excessively close to the originals.1 Ian Gordon has stated, "the prose of Chaucer has no touch of the genius he showed in his other works. It is Chaucer, rather than Milton, of the English poets who wrote prose with his left hand."2 One of the few critics to praise Chaucer's prose style is Margaret Schlauch, who has called attention to his addition of details that add color to the narrative and his use of verbal echo, skillfully controlled repetition, and rhythmic effects.3 In particular, she has pointed to his imitation of cursus, the prose cadences cultivated in Latin for rhythmical effects at the ends of sentences or clauses.4 Schlauch argues that there is a need for a more detailed analysis of Chaucer's prose so that we may see where he deviated from his sources in matters of detail: "Such deviations on his part were presumably the result of conscious choice; and choice among possibilities of linguistic expression is of the essence of literary style."5 The purpose of this article is to provide such a perspective for the Tale of Melibee. Although some critics have praised Chaucer's use of rhythmic ef fects in the Tale of Melibee, most comments on the style of the tale have been negative.6 Charles Owen has characterized it as a close, almost slavish translation.7 For Erwin W. Geismar Chaucer's style is "literal to the point of servility."8 J. Burke Severs has dismissed his additions as unimportant: "For the most part, they are caused by a certain redundancy in the translation, a Chaucerian trick (though not confined to Chaucer in this period) of translating a word by a pair of synonyms, and of further explaining an already translated passage with a superfluous 'this is to seyn'."9 These comments do not take sufficient cognizance of the stylistic ideals of the time. When we do attend to those ideals, we find that the additions Chaucer made have a genuine stylistic significance.


A method of performing a secure electronic transaction, the system, the server computer, hardware devices, client computers, and computer programs are provided. The invention relates to a method of implementing electronic transactions between a server computer (110) and the client computer (120), - performing a first communication protocol with encrypted data transmission and mutual authentication with via the communication network (160) and the server computer (110) and the hardware device (130), - a step of performing the decoding of the encrypted server responses received by the hardware device (130) from the server computer (110), - a step of transferring the server response decoded from the hardware device (130) to the client computer (120), - displaying a server response decoded on the client computer display of the client computer (120) (121), - a step from the client computer (120) client requests sent to the server computer (110) for receiving by the hardware device (130), - a step of analyzing the hard wafer apparatus (130) for a given transaction information to client requests, - a step of transferring the encrypted to the server computer (110) a given client request transaction information contains no by a hard wafer apparatus (130), - a step of displaying the detected client requests a predetermined transaction information on the hardware device display (210) of the hardware device (130), - If the user confirmation is received, and forwarding the client request containing the predefined transaction information for encryption to the server computer (110), - If the user confirmation is not received, a step of canceling the electronic transaction, It said method comprising. .FIELD 1


The article analyzes the main goals, objectives, and directions of modeling and optimization of technological processes and construction industry. The basic tasks and factors of organizational and technological modeling of the construction industry, as well as their influence on the change in production volumes, labor productivity growth and the efficiency of construction enterprises have been determined. The main directions of optimization of technological processes and construction are formulated on the basis of modernization and development of production and technological capabilities of construction enterprises.


Aimed at the lack of quantitative method in road ecological effects assessment,the new assessment system and methods are proposed based on RS and GIS.This systematic method is illustrated with real examples of Shandan—Linze and Lanzhou—Haishiwan expressway to prove its scientificity and accuracy.The results showed that: the process of road construction increased the landscape fragmentation and decreases its contagion which effect animal migration;the condition of vegetation along the road is also negatively effected and more serious in the later period;the impact of road construction in the small scale can be reduced and eliminated by efficient ecological management.2 tabs,6 figs,24 refs.


The calculation of abruptly truncated FFT in an infinite sequence is frequently associated with spectrum leakage,and the leakage can be effectively inhibited using a slow-changing window interception.Different window functions have different characters,therefore it is possible to analyze the transformation features of a single FTT signal in different windows functions and with different points interceptions,using a Matlab simulation analysis.The method was applied to the power harmonic analysis with an add Blackman windows function.


Influenza viruses evolve rapidly, so new vaccines are frequently updated to match viral strains in circulation. To deal with seasonal flu, the World Health Organization monitors strains circulating in the southern hemisphere and the tropics during its winter and predicts which are most likely to hit the northern hemisphere later in the year. Vaccine manufacturers take these predictions and, in a race against time, develop and test new vaccines.


The French court ruled that, in comparing the worth of the work of groups of men and women, the Court of Appeal had erred in not considering the variety of tasks performed and the length of training required, rather than just the difficult physical and psychological nature of the work. The case involved the claim of women employees of the defendant that they were paid less than certain male employees even though they were engaged in work of comparable worth. The Court of Appeal had accepted the claim after comparing only the difficult nature of the work.


The tetrahedral shape-persistent molecule 14+, containing four identical pyridyl pyridinium units connected via a sp3hybridized carbon atom, has been investigated in detail by means of steady-state and time resolved spectroscopy. Remarkable photophysical properties are observed, particularly in comparison with protonated and methylated analogues (1H48+, 1Me48+), which exhibit a substantially shorter excited state lifetimes and lower emission quantum yields. Theoretical studies have rationalized the behavior of the tetrameric molecules relative to the monomers, with DFT and TD-DFT calculations corroborating steady-state (absorption and emission) and transient absorption spectra. The behavior of the monomeric compounds (each consisting in one of the four identical subunits of the tetramers, i.e., 2+, 2H2+ and 2Me2+) considerably differs from that of the tetramers, indicating a strong electronic interaction between the subunits in the tetrameric species, likely promoted by the homoconjugation through the connecting sp3 C atom. 2+ is characterized by a peculiar S1-S2 excited state inversion, whereas the short-lived emitting S1 state of 2H2+ and 2Me2+ exhibits a partial charge-transfer character, as substantiated by spectro-electrochemical studies. Among the six investigated systems, only 14+ is a sizeable luminophore (Fem = 0.15), which is related to the peculiar features of its singlet state.


The Heavy ion reactions with weakly bound and tightly bound projectile ( 6,7 Li, 9 Be, 10,11 B) on different targets are being studied at near the Coulomb barrier energies since the last many years. Effect of coupling between the relative motion and the intrinsic degrees of freedom of the participating nuclei is manifested as a "threshold anomaly" (TA) in the energy dependence behaviour of the real part of the effective interaction potential [1]. The measurements of the elastic scattering angular distributions determine parameters of the real and imaginary parts of the optical model potential parameters. From systematic analysis of elastic scattering measurements involving tightly bound nuclei, the so called "threshold anomaly" (TA) has been observed in a number of systems [2]. This has been understood in terms of couplings of elastic channel to the direct reaction channels that generate an additional attractive real dynamic polarization potential. In case of scattering of loosely bound projectiles a different type energy dependence from that of TA is observed, which has been known as "breakup threshold anomaly" (BTA). In case of BTA, a repulsive real dynamical potential is generated due to couplings of breakup channels to the elastic scattering. There are some contradictory observations regarding BTA. For 7 Li + 80 Se, TA has been observed, whereas for 6 Li + 80 Se, the BTA has been reported [3]. Therefore, more measurements involving heavy targets and weakly bound projectile are required to understand the systematics of TA and BTA. The present thesis mainly focuses the study of threshold anomaly and breakup threshold anomaly effects on elastic and quasi elastic scattering channels that involve stable but weakly bound and tightly bound nuclei, namely 6,7 Li and 10,11 B on heavy mass target 232 Th. With this objective, in the present thesis, two different experiments have been performed for 6,7 Li+ 232 Th and 10,11 B+ 232 Th reactions at around the Coulomb barrier energies. In depth, elastic scattering angular distributions for 6,7 Li + 232 Th systems have been carried out. The quasi elastic scattering and transfer angular distribution have been carried out for 10,11 B+ 232 Th systems. Also, simultaneous dispersion relation study obtained for this systems. From the elastic scattering angular distributions, energy dependences of optical potential parameters and reaction cross sections have been obtained.


Urinary tract infection is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients over 70 years of age. The prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infection in this group of patients require an understanding of the different epidemiology and pathophysiology involved. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Interface Ltd.


Within the process of progressive digitization of materials and tools for teaching and distance learning of a subject of introduction to Microeconomics (quarterly, in year three of the Degree in Social Work), taught by the authors at the National University of Distance Education (UNED), a virtual assistant in the form of chatbot, or conversational robot, called EconBot, has been designed and made available to students from 2017. This paper presents the reasons that led to its adoption, the process of its development, differentiating two phases, its characteristics and functions, the assessment of its usefulness and the role of teachers in the implementation of this type of technological innovation.


Concrete cracks in construction is a very common phenomenon.With its high compressive strength of concrete,fire resistance,good use of flexible,easy construction and so on.Most cracks are available through patches of the concrete structures to restore the original function.After the repair of concrete cracks,including the use of aesthetic point of view from a building or anti-seepage and other special considerations,the repairing of concrete cracks and consider the durability of structural safety to consider strengthening the structure of language study were analyzed.


The reader commonly feels apprehension in approaching an author's collected essays. Will many of them prove trivial and dated, and the whole a mere miscellany? Will there be large-scale repetition? Or, if they really are of true scholarly importance, won't they already be too familiar and readily available? The fears must be multiplied when not one but three volumes appear all at once. Yet in the case of Professor Rousseau's collected shorter writings, which reprint some thirty-two essays that have appeared during the last twenty-five years (plus one previously unpublished work: 'Love and Antiquities: Walpole and Gray on the Grand Tour'), the doubts are rapidly allayed. There are no makeweights here, no puffed-up book reviews, after-dinner speeches or popular rehashes. Over the last generation, chiefly as professor at UCLA, Rousseau has maintained a consistent pitch of engagement with canonical literary and scholarly issues, while showing himself eager to respond to new intellectual challenges. Here we see his replies to Foucault ('Foucault and Enlightenment'); his doubts about post-structuralist angles ('Threshold and explanation: social anthropology and the critic of literature in the age of post-disciplines'), his hesitations before the 'new historicism' (in 'New Historical injunctions' and 'The debate about the New Historicism and the history of science',


J Nanotech Smart Mater 2013 | Vol 1: e101 There are several open challenges that our society has to address in the near future: produce sufficient amounts of clean energy from renewable sources, design new technologies that enable a sustainable economic growth, address some relevant environmental issues like quality of air and water or waste recycling, improve our standard of life via more accurate diagnostic tools and new medical treatments, just to mention a few. Most of these challenges deal with the design, synthesis, characterization and industrial production of new smart materials. Smart materials are defined as materials with properties engineered to change in a controlled and desired way. This can be obtained by applying a specific external stimulus like a temperature change, an external voltage, a force, a magnetic field, a change in pH, or a change in concentration of chemical species. Nanoscience and nanotechnology today offer an incredible potential for the conceptual design and the practical realization of radically new smart materials that can help solve some of the aforementioned global challenges.


In 2015 during excavations in the Ust'-Al'ma necropolis, a grave with a side-chamber was discovered (No. 1074). The deceased was a male aged 25-35 who had suffered many injuries during his life which could be traces of blows received in battle. The burial complex dates from the mid-1st century AD and belongs to a group of 'Barbarian' elite burials complete with gold funeral wreaths and face-coverings (eye- and mouth-covers). Most of these graves are earthen catacombs located along the road leading towards the ancient fortified settlement of Ust'-Al'ma on the western coast of the Crimean peninsula. Assemblages from male burials of this group usually contain weapons (sword, bow, arrows). As a rule, the burial goods are plentiful and rich. Elements of burial attire are often made of precious metals, and are represented by armlets, brooches, pendants, amulets, items from belt-sets and plaques which would have been sewn on to items of apparel. Among other burial goods, there are amphorae, wooden utensils with carved figures of animals and Roman imported bronze and silver ware. Taking into consideration that these burial structures were of a special type, that the graves had been positioned in a special area along the road leading to the settlement, as well as the extraordinary splendor of the grave goods, it can be concluded that they were burials for individuals belonging to the highest ranks of the social elite. The use of an unusual type of burial structure (a grave with a side-chamber) and the relatively small number of grave goods, which were nevertheless signs of high social rank (a funeral wreath, face-coverings, a sword), indicate the special status of the individual buried in Grave No. 1074.


The stimulated emission of Yb/sup 3+/ in a lithium-magnesium-- alumino-- silicate glass that was made to oscillate at a wavelength of 1.0l5 mu at liquid N temperature and lower is described. A Xe-filled helical flashtube was used as the optical pumping source. The lifetime for spontaneous mission apparently is at least as long as the rise time of the source. Variation-of the emission with temperature was noted, and the peak power density was about 12 w/cm/aup 2/. absorption bands at 914, 946, and 976 m mu apparently give most of the laser action, although bands at 310 and 220 m mu were present. The overall emission bandwidth was about 6 m mu with a shortest wavelength line at 1.0125 mu , while the longest wavelength line was at 1.0184 mu . (D.C.W.)


The different characteristic diameters of a cascade impactor Casella MK2 (C.S., E.C.S., m.m.d., e.c.d.) have been determined experimentally. To do so the penetration curves of the apparatus were traced and it was demonstrated that on the second and third discs the pattern is such that the distribution of dust is log normal. Using the law of granulometric distribution of aerosols, i.e. dN/(d log R) = CR/sup -B/, one gets B = 2.3 for 0.2 mu m 20 mu m. Using the experimental values of the m.m.d. and the e.c.d. measured for each stage of the cascade impactor, the cumulated curves of distribution of the mass and of the natural alpha radioactivity of the atmospheric aerosols, indicated in a preceding article (Renoux et al, Atmos. Environ.; 6: 765-773 (1972)), are corrected. (auth)


creativity is (e.g. Gadner, 1993) often connected with; arts, science, technology, high-end products developed (cf. Plucker, Beghetto & Dow, 2004) by a gifted genius during long, complicated, isolated, challenging and mythical procedures. But, what about ordinary people doing common work in their everyday organizational life? Would it make any sense to describe them as creative as well? Would it e.g. make any sense to describe workers doing industrial cleaning in e.g. our foodindustry as creative? In the following article we will introduce a case study in which workers doing industrial cleaning is evaluated in terms of creativity.


IN 1698, an Italian named Bartolomeo Cristofori built the world's first piano. This happened more than two millennia after Pythagoras invented Western music by discovering that the relationships between musical notes could be expressed as numerical ratios. Cristofori designed his pianoforte (literally "soft loud") for Florence's Medici family, but the new instrument didn't catch on until the late eighteenth century. Even Bach first called the piano a clumsy instrument that would be too difficult to master. But as Romanticism spread across Europe, the piano came to be lauded for its expressive capabilities. By this time, a modified tuning system had been developed that separated each octave into twelve separate tones. This is the tuning system we use in music today. A modern piano has eighty-eight keys and can produce eighty-eight tones. Each unique tone is produced when a hammer strikes a string, causing it to vibrate. Hit a middle-A, and a string will vibrate at 440 cycles per second. Hit an A-flat, one half-step down, and a different string vibrates at around 422 cycles per second, a difference of only eighteen cycles per second, or hertz. This difference separates each note on the piano. By putting two tones together, we can create an interval. Then we can give the interval a name based on its size. A major third, for example, contains four half-steps. A minor third contains only three. With a mere eighteen-hertz difference, we have created a complex language that helps us use music to communicate all kinds of emotions. The interval we call a major third sounds happy, pleasant or calming to us. Think of the standard ding-dong of a doorbell. The interval known as a minor third sounds angry, menacing, or foreboding. Think of the opening notes of Beethoven's Fifth symphony. Why do these associations exist? Does the music have some intrinsic quality that we understand instinctively? Hardly. We associate certain sounds with certain feelings because this is what we have been taught to do. This is what we have been learning since the day we were born. While poetry may be the most efficient way to communicate with words, music offers another world of even more highly abstracted communication. The ability of humans to abstract from our experience with whatever language we choose (verbal or otherwise) allows us to make maps of the territories we encounter. Maps are infinitely useful for communicating, especially on abstract levels. But when we allow the map--the symbol--to presuppose the territory, we are taking a shortcut to avoid thinking for ourselves. This is relatively harmless in music, except that the inability of most people to understand more than one musical map causes all of one culture's music to sound the same to members of different cultures. …


Objective To enhance the knowledge on microsurgical treatment of base skull tumors.Methods The clinical characteristics and operating experiences of microsurgery treatment of base skull tumors were retrospectively analyzed. Results The total,sub-total,and partial resection were carried out in 46,4 and 6 cases respectively.Among the 35 cases,46 pieces of cranial nerves were injured before operation,the function of injured cranial nerves recovered in 23 pieces(50%),improved in 8 pieces(17.4%),hardly improved in 9 pieces(19.6%),worsened in 6 pieces(13.0%) after operation,and the new injury of cranial nerves occurred in 5 cases.Conclusions Precise preoperative diagnosis is very important for surgery and prognosis.The operative approach is mainly determined by location,extension and size of the tumors.Microsurgery is the key to reducing the postoperative complications and to obtaining the good prognosis.


Abstract The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from roots, wood and stem barks of Uvariodendron calophyllum R. E. Fries (Annonaceae) were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The tree organs were found to contain 0.39%, 0.04% and 0.52% of oils for the roots, wood and stem bark, respectively. The qualitative composition of the oils were found to be similar, with 82–87% of hydrocarbons among which α-santalene along with β-caryophyllene total more than 50% of the mixture. These oils extracts did not reveal any important antiradical activity.


Common electricity meters measure only the overall energy consumption. To assist in energy savings and to enrich smart home applications with energy data, a detailed breakdown is necessary. Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) analyzes the overall electrical signal and separates it into its components, by identifying specific electrical signatures.

So far most studies focused on low frequency NILM since standard measurement hardware can be used. In addition some specialized research has been carried out in the high frequency field. The goal of this work is to examine various electrical features and combine them in a holistic manner. Therefore we analyzed low, mid and high frequency features like active and reactive power, harmonics and line-conducted electromagnetic interference signals for their applicability in NILM. In a next step we developed an unsupervised learning algorithm which uses the most promising features to disaggregate the overall load profile. One property of our machine learning algorithm is the detection of also completely unknown devices. Another is the ability of real-time analysis of the meter data.

Our results showed that higher frequency features can assist significantly in the task of load disaggregation. Harmonics for example can be especially beneficial by separating devices with a similar active power intake. Line-conducted disturbances - a subclass of electromagnetic interference signals - on the other hand can be useful to trace variable loads or to split devices of the same model. Still some more work has to be carried out in the field of overlapping distortions. Our algorithm evaluation showed some promising results for a privately recorded and publically available dataset. In addition industrial measurements were examined resulting in a high event detection performance.

With this work we show the potential of combining low, mid and high frequency features. For future NILM algorithms the benefits of a high sampling rate should be considered and ideally be integrated into the smart meter rollout.


The research  on the influence of exposure factor on radiographic image quality has been conducted. This research uses phantom, water in plastic container as human substitute with focus film distance (FFD) 100 cm and broad field of irradiation 15 cm × 15 cm. The exposure conditions are given by exposure factors including variations in tube voltages of 60 kV, 65 kV, 70 kV, 75 kV, 80 kV called standard techniques or routine voltage techniques and the time flow is as big as 20 mAs, 25 mAs and 30 mAs. The results showed that the image quality will decrease with the use of current and time high. Image quality can be seen on gray-level histogram using java Image-J Basics version 1.38 software to get optimum value from exposure factor on image quality.


Abstract In the first part of this essay review (" Bildung Between Human Value, Political Rhetoric and Historical Transformation"), the term Bildung is introduced and central questions for the review are raised. How can a term that is charged with the utopian hopes of enlightenment and the appropriation of these hopes by the rising middle class between 1770 and 1830 guide the current discourse on education? How can Bildung serve as a principle of contemporary educational practice? In the second part of this essay review ("Rewriting Bildung: The Place of a Normative Theory of Education"), I look at the rewriting of this idea in a collection of essays written by educational philosophers in Educating Humanity: Bildung in Postmodernity (Løvlie, Mortensen, & Nordenbo, 2003). These authors present transformations of Bildung to cope with postmodern realities. I review these essays in terms of their potential to save human values against dehumanizing trends of postmodernity and globalization. In the third part of this essay, I examine the transformation of Bildung into educational practice via " Bildung-centered Didaktik." Two German Didaktik traditions are explained and the other two books, Looking Into Classrooms: Papers on Didactics (Menck, 2002) and Teaching as Reflective Practice: The German Didaktik Tradition (Westbury, Hopmann, & Riquarts, 2000), are reviewed with respect to their role for the contemporary discourse on Didaktik and their contribution to classroom practice. The relationship between Bildung and curriculum serves as a background to several of the papers. I also discuss the role of Bildung and Didaktik for teacher education and confront the books' theoretical ideas with current issues of educational reform. Finally, I present a discussion of the different approaches and my own conclusions. They include arguments to defend a utopian and partly idealist concept against managerial approaches to education that restrict themselves to performativity and effectiveness. My conclusions also underline the need for rewriting Bildung in the late modernity.


Once upon a time there was a man who read the Wealth of Nations; not a summary, nor a volume of selected passages, but the Wealth of Nations itself. He began with the Introduction, he read the famous first chapter on the division of labor, the chapters on the origin and use of money, the prices of commodities, the wages of labor, the profits of stock, the rent of land, and all the other well-known economic portions of the first book, not omitting the long digression on the fluctuation in the value of silver during the last four centuries, and the statistical tables at the end. Having completed the first book he went on to the second, not deterred by the fact that it is supposed to contain an erroneous theory of capital and an untenable distinction between productive and unproductive labor. In Book III he found an account of the economic development of Europe since the fall of the Roman Empire, with digressions upon various phases of medieval life and civilization. In the fourth book he came upon extended analyses and criticisms of the commercial and colonial policies of European nations, and a whole battery of free-trade arguments. Finally he attacked the long concluding book on the revenue of the sovereign. Here he found even


Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia are frequently associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but studies have also associated it with cardiovascular disease. More specifically, diets high in carbohydrates can have an adverse effect on serum lipid levels and glucose metabolism. Studies show high glycemic food intake over a long period of time is a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. A study conducted in Europe involving 3,000 participants found that those who consumed low glycemic foods had greater levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL; good cholesterol; Toeller et al., 2001). Other studies support this association of elevated HDLs and consumption of low dietary glycemic index (GI) foods.


Objective To explore the association of attenuation coefficient calculated by ultrasound histogram with fatty liver and liver function.Methods 40 mild,moderate and severe fatty liver patients and 40 normal controls were involved.The gray value of liver echo of the same section at different depths were measured the attenuation coefficient was calculated.The liver function(AST,ALT and GGT)was observed.Results There were significant differences in attenuation coefficient and liver function among the four groups(P0.05).The attenuation coefficient and serum AST and ALT were Positive correlated.Conclusion Attenuation coefficient can be used as an objective quantitative indicators in the diagnosis of fatty liver,and have guiding value in indexing of fatty liver.


Introduction: Walter & Friends From Law to Rights: The Impact of the Colonial State on Peasant Protest in Bihar Power, Agrarian Structure, & Peasant Mobilization in Modern India Gandhi, Marx, & Charan Singh: Class & Gemeinschaft in Peasant Mobilization Bhakti & British Empire The Raw & the Simmered: Environmental Contexts of Food & Agrarian Relations in the Gangetic Plain Of Nature & Nurture: Sedentary Agriculture & the 'Wandering Tribes' of Jharkhand Swami & Friends: Sahajanand Saraswati & Those Who Refuse to Let the Past of Bihar's Peasant Movements Become History The Reora Satyagraha (1939): Its Contemporary Relevance A Stranger's View of Bihar: Rethinking Religion' & Production' From 'Fanaticism' to Power: The Deep Roots of Kerala's Agrarian Exceptionalism Cultures of Resistance or Commerce? Re-examining Timber Use in the Himalayan Punjab, 1850-1925 Homeless in Gujarat & India: On the Curious Love of Indulal Yagnik Competing Inequalities: The Scheduled Tribes & the Reservations System in Jharkhand Success & Failure in Rural Development: Bihar, Bangladesh & Maharashtra in the Late 1980s Bihar via 'A Virtual Village' Bibliography of Walter Hauser Index.


Metalaxyl, fosetyl-AI, calcium nitrate and phosphorous acid were tested in field trials against carrot cavity spot. Metalaxyl applied to soil at 1 kg/ha at the three to six trueleaf stage was the most consistently effective treatment, reducing the proportion of roots affected by at least 32%. Additional applications made 9-12 weeks later had no further effect on incidence of cavity spot. In one trial, a foliar spray with phosphorous acid at 4 g/l applied to run-off at the five to six true-leaf stage reduced incidence of cavity spot by 78% and increased root weight. Foliar sprays with calcium nitrate or fosetyl-AI had no effect on incidence of cavity spot.


This article aims at conceptualization of new construct of eco-industrial bank and discusses its role in the development of eco-industrial symbiosis. The concept has been grounded in late theoretical streams of industrial ecology and industrial networks. The eco-industry bank plays a significant role of connecting ecology with business for the stakeholders' economic and social benefits. According to the concept the broad objectives of the bank are to use financial resources with economic, social and environmental responsibility and to give priority to environmental interaction with business and society.


Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) has become the enabling planarization method for shallow trench isolation (STI) of sub 0.25µm technology. CMP is able to reduce topography over longer lateral distances than earlier techniques; however, CMP still suffers from pattern dependencies that result in large variation in the post-polish profile across a chip. In the STI process, insufficient polish will leave residue nitride and cause device failure, while excess dishing and erosion degrade device performance. Our group has proposed several chip-scale CMP pattern density models [1], and a methodology using designed dielectric CMP test mask to characterize CMP processes [2]. The methodology has proven helpful in understanding STI CMP; however, it has several limitations as the existing test mask primarily consists of arrays of lines and spaces of large feature size varying from 10 to 100 µm. In this paper, we present a new STI characterization mask, which consists of various rectangular, L-shape, and X-shape structures of feature sizes down to submicron. The mask is designed to study advanced STI CMP processes better, as it is more representative of real STI structures. The small feature size amplifies the effects of edge acceleration and oxide deposition bias, and thus enables us to study their impact better. Experimental data from an STI CMP process is shown to verify the methodology, and these secondary effects are explored. The new mask and data guide ongoing development of improved pattern dependent STI CMP models.


The paper investigates welfare costs of monetary policy in form of implementable simple rules in a frictional financial intermediation framework with an endogenous financial accelerator. The results are twofold. First, inflation stabilization implies high welfare costs. This effect stems from a flat sloped price Phillips curve induced by financial frictions amplifying the rigidity of prices. Second, stabilizing nominal wage growth simultaneously closes the gap in output and reduces the volatility of the credit spread. The advantage of a nominal wage target is based on the absence of a trade-off between closing the output gap and stabilizing wage inflation. Central bank's interest rate response is more pronounced due to a higher volatility of nominal wages. Combined with a relative rise in inflation the real risk free rate drops more, the credit spread is narrowed and henceforth the financial accelerating mechanism is mitigated.


Recently, sparsity‐aware least mean square (LMS) algorithms have been proposed to improve the performance of the standard LMS algorithm for various sparse signals, such as the well‐known zero‐attracting LMS (ZA‐LMS) algorithm and its reweighted ZA‐LMS (RZA‐LMS) algorithm. To utilize the sparsity of the channels in wireless communication and one of the inherent advantages of the RZA‐LMS algorithm, we propose an adaptive reweighted zero‐attracting sigmoid functioned variable‐step‐size LMS (ARZA‐SVSS‐LMS) algorithm by the use of variable‐step‐size techniques and parameter adjustment method. As a result, the proposed ARZA‐SVSS‐LMS algorithm can achieve faster convergence speed and better steady‐state performance, which are verified in a sparse channel and compared with those of other popular LMS algorithms. The simulation results show that the proposed ARZA‐SVSS‐LMS algorithm outperforms the standard LMS algorithm and the previously proposed sparsity‐aware algorithms for dealing with sparse signals. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In this paper, we propose an approach for handlingexpression and pose variations in face recognition with single sample per class. The local appearance based methods have been successfully applied to face recognition and achieved state-of-the-art performance. The Gabor Binary Code approach has the robust properties against facial expression, illumination, accessories and etc. In this paper we enhance the robustness of GBC in the form of Multi Scale Gabor Ternary Code (GTC) for pose variation with large rotation angle. Normally most of the local appearance based methods the facial features are extracted from several local regions and concatenated into an enhanced feature vector as a face descriptor. In this approach we divide the face into several (m×m) non overlapped parallelogram blocks instead of square or rectangle blocks as well as the wavelet transformed low frequency band of the face image is used to generate Gabor ternary code. The parallelogram blocks based  omparison improves the performance of face recognition under perspective and expression variation. Experiments on Indian face dataset faces with large rotation angle up to 180θ and ORL datasets shows that the proposed approach outperforms GBC in the scenario of one training sample per person.


Nowadays the nanotechnology is pushing hard in almost every direction of
the technology. Creating patterns with nanoparticles would be a very useful
technique in order to manipulated nanoparticles. Here comes the motivation
for this project, the possibility to get a faster an easier way to create
layers and patterns using the electrospray technique. The main aim for this
project is the construction of an electrospray system for nanoparticles deposition
and the characterization of the nanoparticle layers deposited with
this system.
The necessary equipment to build the electrospray setup is explained and
the gold and polystyrene nanoparticles from 100 to 630nm are described.
This particles and all the experiments have been characterized with an electronic
microscope (SEM-FIB) equipped with and x-ray EDS system from
the CRNE.
And nally a complete description of the experiments and the layers created
with the di erent variations of the electrospray setups.


Feeding the men and animals of the Army of Tennessee required thousands of tons of food to be transported by wagon, train, and steamboat. In addition to transportation, feeding the army proved difficult because its food supply had to be shared with other branches of the Confederate Army. Soldiers often complained of monotonous rations.
Capt. Moses H. Wright's Atlanta Arsenal supplied most of the Army of Tennessee's ammunition. However, the Atlanta Arsenal struggled to keep up with demand, and army personnel complained about defective equipment. An attempt to uniformly equip soldiers with weapons ultimately failed.
The Atlanta Quartermaster Depot made shoes exclusively for the Army of Tennessee. This depot also made clothing for the army. Shortages of clothing and shoes persisted. The Army of Tennessee relied on the Western & Atlantic railroad to transport materials from Atlanta, which at times did not have enough engines to provide adequate supplies. Overall, the Army of Tennessee had industrial assets, but an inadequate transportation system led to meat shortages, which decreased morale and resulted in desertions. Additionally, the poor transportation system prevented additional troops from reaching the disastrous Battle of Chickamauga.


According to the change of air quality in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, this paper analyzes the pollution characteristics of the air environment in this region, constructs the air quality evaluation model, and finds that the main pollution sources affecting the air quality in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region are coal combustion and automobile exhaust. By using the flow-diffusion equation, the air pollution concentration gradients of the Second Ring Road, the Fourth Ring Road, and the Sixth Ring Road in Beijing are given. Finally, this paper also puts forward specific countermeasures for the prevention and control of air pollution.


Using CiteSpace Ⅱ as the analytical means,1156 data retrieved from Web of Science as the foundation,through the keywords concurrence network analysis,we find that,the research front of team knowledge sharing is "leadership","rational unified process","expert systems","knowledge-creation nets","application in health care","development process maturity",etc.Through the analysis of cited reference network found that,Polanyi M,Nonaka I,Cohen WM and Grant R M,we conclude that research on the "characteristics of knowledge","knowledge creation and transformation","organization learning"and"organization performance"constitutes the intellectual base of knowledge sharing team.


In order to realize the image stabilization and provide theory basis for the damping device design of camera platform, the impact of los jitter on image quality is analyzed. The reason how the los jitter produces and the characteristics of los jitter are analyzed. Based on the analysis, a new algorithm of the analysis of vibration blurred images based on the image gray-scale is proposed. The simulation results of blurred image caused by los jitter are obtained according to the simulation model. A set of vibration imaging device is built to verify the simulation results, and the device can get a blurred image by loading a vibration. Using mean square error (MSE) to measure image quality, the results show that in the range of permitted errors, the results of the impact of los jitter on image quality between simulation and experiment remain the same, which indicates the correctness of the simulation analysis. In practical applications, this method can effectively simulate the impact of los jitter on image quality.


Many forms of necrotizing small vessel vasculitis manifest glomerulonephritis, pulmonary hemorrhage and cutaneous purpura. Because the histologic appearance of the vasculitic lesions is similar in these conditions, early pathologists and clinicians resorted to categorizing small vessel vasculitides based on vessel size and systemic distribution. Not surprisingly, due to the tremendous overlap in clinical-pathologic features, these early classifications were woefully inadequate and perpetuated enduring confusion between the different nosologies adopted by internists, rheumatologists, nephrologists, and dermatologists.

The introduction of immunofluorescence microscopy in the 1960s provided a major advance by uncovering three major immunopathologic categories of vasculitis. The demonstration of linear staining of alveolar and glomerular basement membranes (GBMs) in Goodpasture Syndrome led to the identification of circulating anti-GBM antibodies that cross-react with alveolar basement membrane, producing a pulmonary-renal syndrome. In the second major category of small vessel vasculitis, granular deposits of immunoglobulin and complement could be demonstrated in vessel walls and glomeruli. IgA-dominant deposits were identified in the cutaneous vessels and glomeruli of patients with Henoch Schonlein purpura, deposits of IgG-IgM in patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia, and IgG-dominant deposits in patients with lupus vasculitis and septic vasculitis. However, there was a third category of vasculitis (including microscopic polyangiitis, Wegener granulomatosis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, and renal-limited pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis) for which few if any immune deposits could be identified in target tissues. Unraveling the pathogenesis of these pauci-immune vasculitides posed a special challenge, because this group defied existing paradigms of in situ or passive immune complex deposition. In the absence of demonstrable immune deposits, it was naturally assumed that the vascular injury was of a cellular nature, but it would be many years before attention focused on the neutrophil.


There arc divergent pathways f{)r de novo pyridoxine biosynthesis . Yeasts(fiss 量on and budding yeasts )have a different pathway from that of Esche 〔)hia eoli, We have examined possible precursors in the pathway of yeast, Basedon the result that an L−1eucine −requlring mutant strain of fission yeast (Schizosacc 血ammyce5 ρ bθ)showed corre ]ation between concentration af L−lcucine and produc − tivity of vitarnin B6 , we have examined 2−isopropy且maleate and 3−isopropylmaleate , intermediates of L−leucine biosynthesis  n the yeast, as the candidate of precursor of pyridoxine biosynthesis . Competi− tive experimcnts with [U −°C]D −glucose showed that the two compounds may not be the precursor.2− Oxoisovalerate , L −valine and L −isoleucine lnhibited incorporation of °C into pyridoxine in the com − petltive experiment , Th 皿 s,2−oxoisovalerate or its related compound was suggested to be 血e candidate of the precursoL Keツ Words ;vita 皿 in B6, pyridoxi皿e, biosyn山 esis, Schizosaccharomyces pombe , Saccharo〃 Tyces cereVISIae (Received,June 22,200の


In 2015, two papers using very different procedures presented strong evidence indicating that amnesia induced by protein synthesis inhibitor did not prevent memory formation, challenging the classical consolidation hypothesis (Gisquet-Verrier et al., 2015; Ryan et al., 2015). Both of them proposed that amnesia resulted from retrieval difficulties. In their recent review, Ryan and Tonegawa (2016) went further and proposed that retrieval difficulties were due to the absence of training-induced morphological changes induced by protein synthesis inhibition. However, as explained in the present comment, there is evidence arguing against this position.

According to the traditional consolidation hypothesis which has dominated the literature concerning memory formation for more than 50 years, newly acquired information is progressively encoded into a stable long-term memory. Most of the support for this hypothesis relies on retrograde amnesia produced by various treatments delivered just after a training episode. Amnesic agents initially were severe treatments (e.g., electroconvulsive shock, cortical spreading depression, hypothermia…) that disrupted the normal functioning of the brain during this stabilization process. Later, protein synthesis inhibitors (PSI) became the most commonly used amnesic agents as they could be targeted directly into brain areas assumed critical for specific aspects of the memory, such as the amygdala for fear conditioning (Nader et al., 2000). The current version of the consolidation hypothesis now assumes that consolidation is achieved through processes requiring new protein synthesis.

Historically, the consolidation hypothesis has been challenged by a series of studies showing that memory can be recovered following the exposure to a variety of "reminder" treatments (Lewis, 1979; Miller and Matzel, 2006). These studies were not consistent with a consolidation hypothesis postulating that interrupting the stabilization processes should lead to a permanent loss of the memory, and rather suggested that amnesia resulted from retrieval difficulties (Lewis, 1979). However, the finding of long-term potentiation, which fit well with the consolidation hypothesis, became the dominant explanation of memory consolidation at a cellular level (Abel and Lattal, 2001) and the behavioral criticisms were largely ignored.

In a recent series of experiments Tonegawa and his colleagues (Ryan et al., 2015), using sophisticated techniques involving learning-dependent cell labeling, were able to show that a memory survives amnesia. They demonstrated that while a protein synthesis inhibitor delivered immediately after the conditioning episode induced amnesia; optogenetic activation of the engram cells unexpectedly resulted in memory retrieval. In other words, PSI rendered rats amnesic but the memory was "rescued" by a direct activation of the memory engram cells. This result demonstrated that protein synthesis was not required for the formation of new memory, challenging the consolidation hypothesis. In the same study, the authors demonstrated that inhibition of protein synthesis delivered within the brain also prevented enhanced dendritic spine density and synaptic strength normally observed in the engram cells engaged in the fear memory. Based on this finding, Tonegawa and colleagues proposed that the primary role of training-induced morphological changes is to participate in memory retrieval by allowing natural recall cues access to the engram cells. In their recent review paper, Ryan and Tonegawa (2016) returned to these results by placing a greater emphasis on the role protein-induced morphological changes may have in retrieval processes.

However, their position seems inconsistent with two sets of results.

It is well known that amnesia can be induced by treatments delivered both after conditioning and after memory reactivation (Lewis, 1979; Nader et al., 2000) and Tonegawa's team replicated this finding (Ryan et al., 2015). In the case of post-reactivation amnesia, the morphological changes thought to be induced by initial training normally took place after training, as rats demonstrated substantial levels of freezing during memory reactivation, indicating that retrieval processes were in place at that time. However, rats treated with PSI after reactivation were unable to express fear to the training context on the next day. Accordingly, either the morphological changes promoted by initial training were abolished by the post-reactivation PSI injection (which seems unlikely), or their difficulties in expressing fear arose from a source other than a lack of morphological changes.

Another set of studies indicates that retrograde amnesia can be alleviated by pretest exposure to various reminder cues including the amnesic treatment itself (Lewis, 1979; Riccio et al., 2006). It has been shown that, re-exposure to the PSI agent can reverse amnesia resulting from either post-training or post-reactivation PSI administration, independently of whether the treatment was administered systemically or intracerebrally (Bradley and Galal, 1988; Briggs and Olson, 2013; Gisquet-Verrier et al., 2015). These results complement the findings from the Tonegawa lab in showing that the formation of new memory does not require de novo protein synthesis. and that retrograde amnesia results from a deficit of memory retrievability rather than disruption of consolidation. The issue raised here only concerns the origins of memory retrieval difficulties. For Tonegawa, these difficulties are due to the PSI preventing training induced morphological changes. However, evidence that amnesia can be reversed by reinstating the internal state induced by PSI shortly before the retention test reveals that retrieval can be achieved even when the morphological changes due to conditioning were prevented by PSI.

We proposed an alternative retrieval interpretation to that of Ryan and Tonegawa based on a combination of memory malleability and state-dependency (Gisquet-Verrier et al., 2015). Due to the malleability of active memory (i.e., after training and reactivation), the internal state induced by PSI is integrated into the initial memory. Subsequent retrieval difficulties would thus be due to the absence of this salient cue at the time of testing, an effect which can be overcome by reinstating the internal state before the retention test. Based on the findings described above, de novo protein synthesis is neither required for memory formation nor retrieval and this leaves open the question concerning the role of the protein dependent morphological changes taking place shortly after training.

More generally, it seems clear, as Ryan and Tonegawa (2016) have pointed out, that retrieval oriented interpretations of amnesia offer new views on memory, suggesting that it is now timely to revisit the consolidation hypothesis.


This report covers research conducted under NCHRP Project 9-4A as a continuation of Project 9-4 with the objectives being to (1) develop a procedure based on Bayesian analysis methodology for verifying recommendations to minimize pavement distress, and (2) conduct a pilot implementation of the procedure for the specific distress mode of cracking from repetitive traffic loading. The report documents the development of a Bayesian methodology to develop prediction models from personal interviews with experienced individuals and combining the information with other data. The pilot implementation was conducted in Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Louisiana, Utah, and Virginia. Four variables were considered: asphalt penetration, asphalt content, proportion of asphalt concrete, and aggregate base density. In all six states, conduct of the Bayesian analysis methodology program indicated that fatigue life of asphaltic concrete pavements increased with increases of the asphalt penetration, asphalt content, proportion of asphaltic concrete, and base density. These findings verify the appropriate recommendations contained in NCHRP Report 195 except for the recommendation that lower penetration asphalt be used in thick asphalt concrete layers. Further study is needed to resolve this conflicting information. /Author/


The present invention is a routing algorithm property of minimizing the weight, which means that minimize the chance that the node is isolated from the controller in the event of a failure of the network. A first algorithm used in the invention is an approximation algorithm to find the controller routing tree to provide maximum recovery force in the network. This algorithm is referred to as the maximum recovery force (MR) algorithm herein. MR heuristic algorithm selects the shortest path tree as the starting point, and changes the tree in order to improve the recovery force. The output of the MR algorithm is not necessarily the shortest path tree, and provides a greater resilience than the first tree. The RASP algorithm provides shortest path tree having improved resiliency compared to other possible network shortest path tree.


Abstract : High-sensitivity photodetection systems have long been limited by noises of quantum-mechanical origin. Nevertheless, analyses and designs of optical communication systems have seldom employed fully quantum treatments. As a result, these works do not establish the ultimate limits on optical communication performance. This program established an inner bound on the capacity region for the Bosonic broadcast channel, and showed that this inner bound is in fact the capacity region if a new minimum output entropy conjecture is true. Evidence supporting this minimum output entropy conjecture was obtained, and its relation to a previous minimum output entropy conjecture used in the capacity theorem for the single-user thermal-noise channel was investigated. The Entropy Photon-Number Inequality, which is the quantum generalization of the classical Entropy Power Inequality, was posed and evidence supporting its validity was obtained. In other work, entanglement assistance was shown to be of no benefit in classical information transmission under a photon-number constraint unless burst-mode communication is considered.


The problem of niche-produced food commodities involves legislation and national and EEC policy, business strategies and consumer behaviours that are concerned with the quality of production, with health, ethics, solidarity and cultural and ethnic concerns, etc. A characteristic aspect of niche-produced food commodities is the limited market and the higher price of the product. For the latter reason, businesses may develop strategies that tend to create an aura of the elite around the product so that it seems to be a niche product even though the large quantity on offer clearly means that the product can no longer be considered as such. The phenomena of niche products inserts itself in a global context which is extremely dynamic so that the situation of the niche product is an extremely variable one. Niches can be born, develop, recede, disappear. They may be still born, or subject to historical returns, or may grow into mass productions. They may be favoured by legislatures, or be treated with hostility by government policy makers, etc. The niche persists and the products remain niche products, the niche and its related products lose their niche identity, the niche expands out of all proportion and the products become objects of mass consumption, the niche expands but consumers continue to perceive the product as a niche product: all these aspects have been examined. The case of herbal remedies products, food industry fraud and strengthening or creation of new niches, biological products, food products which use the denomination extra, fair trade products, contra legem products, ethnic foods and macrobiotic products are also taken into consideration.


ABSTRACT In this paper, we investigate asymptotical models for the motion of small rigid ellipsoids suspended in a Newtonian fluid. The microscale models account for particle inertia and form the basis for dilute suspension modeling. They were derived from the description of first principles for a coupled particle-fluid problem by asymptotical analysis in the size ratio in Vibe and Marheineke (2015), where the effect of inertia was incorporated via different scalings of the particle momentum balances. We classify three different inertial regimes and analyze numerically their impact on the particle motion. We observe reasonable physical translational and rotational behavior.


The purpose of this research is to obtain information about the pattern of internalization of Islamic moderation values in building a civilization of love and tolerance by harbouring all the differences that can create hostility and disharmony amid a pluralistic social life. This research is library research because all the data used as material for conducting studies comes from texts or manuscripts that have become library collections using qualitative research methods and analyzed with the nature of descriptive analytic studies. The results of this study state that Islamic moderation values in their implementation in social life as an effort to prevent various extremist, fundamentalist, liberal and radical understandings that are very far from Islamic teachings, which are full of love and tolerance. Love and tolerance are important provisions in forming civilization in a harmonious religious life without any conflict due to diversity. Love can also foster harmony in religious, national and state life, thus creating peace in society. Love makes a person have good morals who always want peace so that he always pleases others in every word and behaviour. Meanwhile, with better tolerance, constructive and efficient dialogue will be built, which can foster religious attitudes and an atmosphere that is more open, plural, and inclusive.


The Cold War allowed features such as The Big Lift and The Day the Earth Stood Still to warn stateside audiences that their onetime ally, the Soviet Union, now threatened global security with Stalinist expansionism. Mired in numerous controversies, Vietnam moving pictures, especially Platoon and The Quiet American fueled one argument after another between hawks and doves. And finally, the twentyfirst century war against terrorism produced high-powered screenplays detailing the September 11 attack and Iraq troop deployments.


Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are an emerging technology with a wide range of potential applications. A large number of nodes, with sensing and wireless communications capabilities, deployed in an area of interest, build a WSN. Thanks to the advances in MEMS (Micro Electronics Mechanical Systems) it is nowadays possible to realize small and cheap devices, capable of wireless communication. WSNs differ from other wireless technologies because of a set of specific requirements and characteristic features, including for instance node density, energy requirements, and computing capabilities. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) classify network technologies by such characteristics. Usually the WSNs are limited to 1Mbps of data rate and 1km of wireless coverage. The actual limit of such quantities depends on the adopted technologies and constraints introduced by specific applications. A set of WSNs specifications, dealing with both network operation and node architectures is described in the IEEE Standard 802.15 and 1451 family. [1-2].


The objective of this study was to examine the effect of different ratios of tilapia fish and otoshimi to tapioca flour on the linear expansion, oil expansion and hardness of fish crackers. Tilapia fish was chosen as main ingredient is to improve available product in market since it is among the popular seafood in US. Other than that, this study also to vary the product of tilapia fish which can be accepted by consumer. Tilapia fish industry
can be developing more if we can produce other added value product. Different ratios were made to identify which ratio can be the best ratio for the fish cracker formulation. The data was collected and analyzed using SPSS for identify the linear expansion, oil absorption and hardness of fish crackers. The linear expansion and oil absorption will decreased with an increase in the ratio of fish. Hardness also increased with the increase
in the ratio of the fish.


The objective of this project is about the implementation of line balancing technique in a Small and Medium Industry.The implementation of line balancing in Automotive Industry
has brought significant improvement to the plant's productivity.However,line balancing technique is not commonly used in Small and Medium Industry.The objective of this project is to simulate the line balancing technique and
implement it in a Small and Medium Industry.The simulation was done using software called Arena where it gave overall picture of the future condition and analyze the result of
production after improvement using line balancing technique. This project describes how to use line balance to save production time.Takt time and cycle time were computed with
formula. The times were recorded and shorten by reducing downtime and wastes.As a result, the waiting time and total time taken were reduced.The time saved means the
productivity can be increased with more time available. The waiting time has decreased around 50.81%, 50.98%, 50.76%, 50.55%, 50.88%, 50.68% and 50.77% for each extrusion
machine. For each rewinding machine, the waiting time has decreased around 37.33%,36.55%, 36.12%, 35.45%, 34.86%, 34.18% and 35.76%.


To implement effects-based operations, Joint Air Operations planners must think in terms of achieving desired effects in the strategic campaign through operational course of action levels of planning. The strategy development tools discussed in this paper were designed specifically to encourage effects-based thinking. The tools are used to build plans, plan fragments and, most importantly, "strategy templates". Strategy templates are knowledge-level skeletal planning models that guide the design of strategies that specify the necessary mechanisms and actions to achieve desired effects in the battlespace. The strategic planning knowledge captured in the templates may be employed through wizards to help human planners rapidly apply these general strategic models to specific planning problems. To support the abstract concepts required in the templates, and to guide plan authors in applying these abstract templates to real battlespace planning problems and data, we employ a semantic engine to support the tool capabilities. This engine exploits ontologies represented in the DARPA Agent Markup Language (DAML) and employs the Java Expert System Shell (Jess) as the inference engine to implement the axioms and theorems that encapsulate the DAML semantics. This paper will discuss this technology in supporting Effects-based Operations and its application into Command and Control for Joint Air Operations for kinetic and non-kinetic military operations.


Quantum teleportation allows for the transfer of arbitrary, in principle, unknown quantum states from a sender to a spatially distant receiver, who share an entangled state and can communicate classically. It is the essence of many sophisticated protocols for quantum communication and computation. In order to realize flying qubits in these schemes, photons are an optimal choice. However, teleporting a photonic qubit has been limited due to experimental inefficiencies and restrictions. Major disadvantages have been the probabilistic nature of both entangled resource states and linear-optics Bell-state measurements (BSM), as well as the need for post-selecting the successful events by destroying the teleported qubit. Here, all the above limitations are overcome through a totally distinct, "hybrid" approach: continuous-variable (CV) quantum teleportation of a discrete-variable, photonic qubit. The strength of CV teleportation lies in the on-demand availability of the quadrature-entangled states and the completeness of a BSM in the quadrature bases using linear optics and homodyne detections; this enables fully deterministic, unconditional teleportation of photonic qubits. We implement this kind of "hybrid" teleportation by utilizing a very recent, advanced technology: a broadband CV teleporter and a narrow-band qubit compatible with the teleporter.


Aim To establish a double antigen sandwich ELISA(DS ELISA)for detection of anti hepatitis E virus antibody in different animals.Methods A recombinant antigen expressed in E.coli. was used to coate microplate and conjugated with HRP respectively,the conditions of DS ELISA were determined using five HEV antibody positive sera and forty antibody negative sera.The accordance of DS ELISA with indirectly IgG ELISA was compared by paralleling detection of 400 blood donors'sera using both kits.The serial sera of three HEV experimental infected monkeys were detected using the DS ELISA and IgG ELISA kit of Genelabs Co.Some cattle,sheep,goat,swine,and chicken sera were also detected with DS ELISA.Results DS ELISA for detection of anti HEV were established.The results of parallel detection of 400 blood donor's sera by DS ELISA and indirectly IgG ELISA showed that these two kit had good accordance,and the signal/cutoff(s/co)value of DS ELISA was higher than indirectly ELISA.When detecting serial sera of experimental infected monkey,the seraconversion time detected with DS ELISA were much earlier than with a well known commercial IgG ELISA kit,and the antibody's positive period and the titer detected by DS ELISA were better than the commercial kit too.Anti HEV antibodies were found in all kinds of animals detected,the positive rate in swine was the highest.Conclusion A double antigen sandwich ELISA have been established using recombinant antigens expressed in E.coli.,and can be used to detect anti HEV in different kinds of animals.


Objective To investigate apoptosic mechanisms of cortex and hippocampus in the brain following traditional model of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia(HIE).Methods The traditional model of neonatal HIE was made. Terminal deoxy-nuleotidyl transferase-labeling(Tunel), HE staining and electron-microscope were used to observe and compare the time and degree of apopticus cells in the cortex and hippocampus.Results The typical character of apoptosis was found in neonatal brain cells following hypoxia-ischemia. Cells shrink, chromatin condensation under microscope,positive cells identified in situ labeling were observed. Apoptosis cells increased following ischemia time extending, and the peak time in cortex is 18h point,that in hippocampus is 40h point. Conclusion Apoptosis is one important form of celldsath of HIE.Dynamic process of apoptosis is different in the cortex and hippocampus after HIE.


For single-end or double-end traveling wave (TW) fault location it is required to identify the TW front that arrived the first to the installation place of the locator from a short circuit (SC) along the protected power line (used TW front). If the protected power line has a parallel short power line, the TWs fronts along them from the SC reach the measurement place earlier than the used TW front. This dramatically complicates the identification of the used TW front and can lead to significant error in fault location. Traditional methods of identifying the used TW front have low reliability due to the impossibility of accurately measuring the voltage TWs fronts using capacitive and inductive voltage transformers. In this article methods of identifying the used TW front are proposed. Proposed methods only use current TWs measured with high accuracy from electromagnetic current transformers. The proposed methods are developed to improving the reliability of the TW fault location.


The federal Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA) applies to nearly all U.S. hospitals. Under EMTALA, these hospitals and their physicians must provide medical screening and stabilizing treatment, regardless of ability to pay, to all who come to the emergency department (ED) seeking


This study aims to analyze the construction, operation, and design of the development of Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement (ETLE). The research approach is a mix method research with data collection techniques, questionnaires, and interviews. The research instrument was a questionnaire, and an interview guide. Informants include personnel: Polri, prosecutors, transportation services


United Nations Publication Sales No. GV.E.08.0.1 ISBN 978-92-9045-190-7 U N IED N ATIO N S Security Council Resolution 1540 is a critical tool for preventing non-state actors from obtaining weapons of mass destruction. Regional organizations could play a significant role in helping to implement the resolution. Do the experiences of these organizations in conventional security issues, such as small arms control, offer lessons for addressing weapons of mass destruction in regions where the issue is not considered a high priority?


ABSTRACT This study aimed to develop a methodology for scholars and practitioners interested in facilitating collaboration within organizations crossing disciplines, sectors, and geographic boundaries, also called cross-sector partnerships (XSP). The authors developed a three-stage methodology, called participatory mapping, that supports the development of a XSP's collective identity by recognizing shared goals and the mechanisms to achieve them. The participatory mapping method guides XSP members in mapping, negotiating, and ritualizing elements of their collective identity. Study outcomes align with findings of previous research, yet they also offer new insights. The authors recommend approaching XSPs as ecosystems in constant flux, recognizing how member turnover, and changing projects make living narratives and tacit knowledge critical aspects of XSPs that require ongoing management from dedicated staff.


This summary has been prepared by the workshop rapporteurs as a factual summary of what occurred at the workshop. The planning committee's role was limited to planning and convening the workshop. The views contained in the report are those of individual workshop participants and do not necessarily represent the views of all workshop participants, the planning committee, or the National Research Council. This summary was written using video recordings of the entire workshop proceedings. Speakers attributed in this summary were not asked to review the workshop summary before its release. This workshop summary has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the NRC's Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the summary meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this summary: George Paulikas, The Aerospace Corporation (retired), Marcia Rieke, University of Arizona, Kunio Sayanagi, Hampton University, Marcia Smith, Space and Technology Policy Group, LLC, and Warren Washington, National Center for Atmospheric Research. Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they did not see the final draft of the workshop summary before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Kenneth Kellermann, National Radio Astronomy Observatory. Appointed by the NRC, he was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authors and the institution.


My Diploma Work describes creation of a communication project with the objective of decreasing number of serious injuries in the area of rail transportation in the Czech Republic. In most cases, such injuries regard children and young people, and are caused by risky and inappropriate behaviour in the environment of railways. From the communication point of view, this project has been designed as the part of the CORPORATE COMMUNICATION – belonging into the area of activities representing so-called CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR).


Poor discharge communication is a major contributor to medication-related errors during care transfers. The World Health Organisation 2019 Medication Safety report1 acknowledged this and recommended prioritising collaboration with patients/families/carers, communicating medication changes, and interdisciplinary working. The Care Quality Commission 2020 National Patient Inpatient Survey found that only 28% of participants received information regarding side-effects, 55% given explanations on medicines-use, 48% provided written information and 12% no information.2. Health information systems including Medicines a Patient Profile Summary (MaPPs) provide easy-read leaflets which may improve patient awareness and understanding of their medicines.3 This study explored patients' experience of DMC at one hospital Trust.

 To measure patient satisfaction and understanding of DMC offered at Mid Yorkshire Hospitals Trust and establish whether the Trust standards were met of all patients with medication changes (new/stopped/changed) receiving verbal DMC and being offered a MaPPs leaflets/charts documenting the changes.

 Ethics approval was not required for this service evaluation. Baseline data was collected from the Trust Medicines Information department to establish which ward had the most discharge enquiries in October 2021. Inpatients from this ward were included if they were elderly, had a previous admission within the last 2 months, usually lived at home and managed their own medications or had help from relatives/friends. Inpatients were excluded if they were care-homes residents, had carers who visited to administer medicines, used a compliance aid or had no medication changes. A 13-item questionnaire was designed for qualitative/quantitative data collection over a 4-week period in December 2021. Questions concerned discharge medicines information provided (written/verbal), patient/relative satisfaction and patient/relative understanding of medicines indicated and changes. Quantitative data underwent descriptive statistical analysis, whilst qualitative data were grouped by similarity and frequency counted.

 A total of 20 elderly patients/relatives were included: 11 were female and 9 were male. Eight respondents (40%) reported not receiving written information. Twelve respondents (60%) reported received a SystmOne discharge letter, of whom 7 received additional written information that included a discharge medication list. This was provided by nurses on all occasions. No respondents reported being offered a MaPPs leaflet/chart, but 17 respondents indicated that they thought that a MaPPs leaflets/chart would have been beneficial. Eleven respondents reported receiving verbal DMC, of whom 4 rated themselves as being "not very satisfied" with it. Key themes were: 'rushed discharges', 'limited patient/relative involvement'. No respondents reported being informed about side-effects. Eleven and 14 respondents respectively reported partially/not fully understanding why medications were indicated or changes made.

 Overall, DMC was below the Trust standards. Poor explanation of changes and no information on side-effects was common practice. The findings are limited by the small sample size and limited generalisability to ethnic minorities. Future study plans include involving underrepresented patient groups in a larger sample. Nevertheless, the following recommendations were made: Offer all patients MaPPs leaflets/reminder charts and verbal DMC; Offer all elderly ward nurses pharmacy-led MaPPs training; add monthly reminders during morning handovers to use MaPPs; Document on the electronic prescribing system when MaPPs leaflets are provided.

 1. Medication Without Harm [online]. World Health Organisation.2019 [accessed:07/04/22]. Available from: https://www.who.int/initiatives/medication-without-harm
 2. Adult inpatient survey | Care Quality Commission [online].2020 [accessed:07/04/22]. Available from: https://www.cqc.org.uk/publications/surveys/adult-inpatient-survey-2020
 3. Introducing MaPPs Patient-Friendly, Personalised Medicines Information [online]. Medicines: a Patient Profile Summary. [accessed:07/04/22]. Available from: https://www.mappsorg.com/


polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by the formation of fluid-filled cysts, primarily within the kidneys but also in the liver. Autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD) has an incidence rate of 1:400–1,000 and is the most common genetic cause of renal failure. ADPKD has been


The arrangement of the bubbles and depressions were found to be in a fairly straight line and parallel with the longitudinal axis of the fiber. Figure 14 is a plot of the distribution of the features along the length of one of the " 588 " samples. Figure 14 Distribution of Features Along a 6 " Sample of CD0588XD Fiber Additional work with these samples was done to catalogue their relationship to breaches in the carbon coating below them. Not only were breaches found below some of the bubbles, but others were found in the vicinity of the bubbles but with no bubble on top of them as seen in Figure 15a and b. X-ray was used to see if defects on the surface of the coated fiber could be detected. Figure 16 shows that X-ray can be used to look at the fiber without removing the cable elements which is useful for inspecting for fiber which may be too long for the jacketing (in cases where the jacket and/or buffer has shrunken).


This paper investigates the leader-following attitude consensus problem for a multiple-spacecraft system. Based on Lyapunov theory and homogeneous technique, quaternion-based hybrid globally finite...


The development of the last year disaster in the Stock Markets all over the world gave rise to reconsidering the previous models used. It is clear that, even in an organized international or national context, large fluctuations and sudden losses may occur. This paper explores a two populations' model. The populations are conflicting into the same environment (a Stock Market) by following the main rules present, that is mutual interaction between adopters, potential adopters, word-of-mouth communication and of course by taking into consideration the innovation diffusion process. The proposed model has special futures expressed by third order terms providing characteristic stationary points.


The Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department is issuing contracts for the rehabilitation of 142 miles of highways in 2002 as part of a 5-year project to deal with 60% of the State's highway system by the end of 2005. The financing of the work is described and includes tax increases on diesel fuel. On most of the highway sections the existing pavement will be rubblised in place and overlain with 10-12 inches of hot-mix asphalt pavement. Rubblisation was chosen because it eliminates the potential for reflective cracking of the surface. Drainage is also being installed under the pavement to prevent the seepage of water into the basecourse, which was a major reason for the poor condition of the State's highways. The rehabilitation or replacement of over 100 overpasses and bridges is also included in the project.


An x‐ray diffraction topography goniometer (Lang camera) under computer control has been used to measure localized bending of silicon wafers. The wafer, mounted free from external stresses, is set for Bragg reflection in transmission by lattice planes perpendicular to the surface (Laue case) and it traverses across the x‐ray beam in steps of 0.01 mm or multiples thereof. At each step the angular position and the intensity of the peak of the Bragg reflection is determined by least‐squares methods from the peak profile with a precision better than the minimum angular step of 0.001°. The lattice curvature obtained from the peak shift is a direct measure of the magnitude of the strains imposed on the wafer by oxide layers, thin films, implantation, and other manufacturing processes. Therefore linear strain maps, showing, for instance, strain gradients occurring at film edges, can be measured quantitatively with high resolution, fully automatically and nondestructively in several direction across a substrate w...


Introduction: Recent studies on comatose survivors of cardiac arrest undergoing targeted temperature management (TTM) have reported similar outcomes at multiple target temperatures. However, details regarding core temperature variability during TTM and its prognostic implications remain unknown. Hypothesis: Increasing core temperature variability during TTM will predict poor neurological outcomes. Methods: We analyzed a prospectively collected cohort of 242 consecutive comatose survivors of cardiac arrest treated with TTM at a tertiary care hospital between 2007 and 2014. Core temperature variability was defined as the statistical variance (i.e. standard deviation squared) amongst all core temperature recordings during the maintenance phase of TTM. Poor neurological outcome at hospital discharge, defined as a Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) score >2, was the primary outcome. Death prior to hospital discharge was assessed as the secondary outcome. Results: Baseline patient characteristics are reported in Table 1. A poor neurological outcome was observed in 147 (61%) patients and 136 (56%) patients died prior to hospital discharge. In multivariable logistic regression, increased core temperature variability was not associated with increased odds of poor neurological outcomes (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.11-1.38, p=0.142) or death (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.12-1.53, p=0.193) at hospital discharge. Conclusions: In this study, individual core temperature variability during TTM was not associated with poor neurological outcomes or death at hospital discharge. Table 1. Baseline characteristics and clinical features. Data are presented as median (IQR) for continuous variables and number (percentage) of patients for categorical variables. N represents the number of non-missing values. CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; ROSC, return of spontaneous circulation; TTM, targeted temperature management.


In the face of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, the construction of emerging engineering education has become a hot trend, which brings new opportunities and challenges to the development of characteristic development of the product design major. Combining with the teaching reform of the product design major in Dalian Institute of Science and Technology, this paper probes into the teaching reform from the aspects of knowledge structure, teaching organization form, core curriculum construction, teaching method and cooperative development with other majors in order to promote characteristic development of the product design major. Keywords—Emerging engineering education; Product design; Transformation of education; Core curriculum


People have long been fascinated with unusually long words, and unusually long names in particular. Most have at least heard of the Welsh village Uanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch, even if they can't ever hope to spell it. And among personal names, both Dmitri Borgmann and the Guinness Book of World Records recognized a Mr. H. B. Wolfeschlegel steinhausenbergerdorff of Philadelphia as having the longest. (His full surname, truncated here, actually contains 590 letters.) Comparatively less attention has been paid to the world 's shortest names. In this article, I briefly review previous surveys of short personal names, and expand on these with further legitimate examples drawn from joumalistic and scholarly sources. I also debunk some urban legends and misconceptions about particular single-letter names.