The primary objective of this project was to design an efficient and safe cooking stove based on the resources available in El Salvador while ensuring it could be inexpensive to produce. The stove is a cuboid, 18"×18"×12" in dimension, and weighs 75 lbs. It has a top cover to cook on, and a unique three-chamber design: a chamber for combustion, a chamber to pump hot air into the combustion chamber with a bellows, and a third chamber to add insulation material. A ventilation tube connects the inner chamber with the exterior to safely vent flue gas to the outside. The stove is made out of stainless steel, and uses sand as an insulator. The product's overall energy efficiency was calculated to be about 33%, and it requires approximately 19-20 minutes to boil 5 liters of water assuming a pot diameter of 14". The estimated manufacturing cost of producing the first 200 stoves is $51.77 per unit, without including capital equipment costs. A unit can be priced at $65, which would give the manufacturer a 25% margin while maintaining competitiveness in the market against stoves such as Turbococina and Ecocina. The stove is estimated to cost a family $15 per month to operate, which corresponds to 50% in charcoal fuel savings compared to using an open flame. The stove can be manufactured using local labor and would take on average 6 to 7 hours to construct one unit. Disciplines Biochemical and Biomolecular Engineering | Chemical Engineering | Engineering This working paper is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/cbe_sdr/92 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Science University of Pennsylvania 220 S. 33rd Street Philadelphia, PA 19104 April 18, 2016 Dear Dr. Warren Seider, Professor Bruce Vrana, and Mr. Adam Brostow, The enclosed report contains our proposed design for an efficient and safe cooking stove for the rural areas of El Salvador, a project proposed by Mr. Adam A. Brostow. The product can be easily and cheaply produced using resources available in El Salvador, is simple to operate, and prevents toxic flue gases from entering the household. The stove is a cuboid, 18"×18"×12" in dimension, and weighs 75 lbs. It has a top cover to cook on, and a unique three-chamber design: a chamber for combustion, a chamber to pump hot air into the combustion chamber with a bellows, and a third chamber to add insulation material. A ventilation tube connects the inner chamber with the exterior to safely vent flue gas to the outside. The stove is made out of stainless steel, and uses sand as an insulator. The product's overall energy efficiency is 33%, and it requires approximately 19-20 minutes to boil 5 liters of water assuming a pot diameter of 14". The estimated manufacturing cost of producing the first 200 stoves is $51.77 per unit, without including capital equipment costs. The stove can be sold for $65 to make a 25% profit margin. It is estimated to cost a family $15 per month to operate, which corresponds to 50% in charcoal fuel savings compared to using an open flame. The stove can be manufactured using local labor and would take on average 6 to 7 hours to construct one unit. The heat and mass transfer analyses were performed in Microsoft Excel, and the computeraided design was created in SolidWorks. NextFab Labs was contracted to manufacture a prototype. We would like thank you and the other industrial consultants for the assistance afforded to us during this project, and the Judy Soley Support for Student Groups Fund in SEAS for providing the capital to produce the first prototype. Sincerely, ______________________ Maria Castañer ______________________ Daniel Li ______________________ Nicolas Minor An Efficient and Safe Cooking Stove for Las Delicias, El Salvador Maria Castañer | Daniel Li | Nicolas Minor Advised by: Warren D. Seider Bruce M. Vrana Project suggested by: Adam A. Brostow Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Science University of Pennsylvania April 18, 2017


A previously developed inverse method was applied to in vivo normal‐hemispherical spectral reflectance measurements taken on the inner and outer forearm as well as the forehead of healthy white Caucasian and black African subjects. The inverse method was used to determine the thickness and melanin concentration in the epidermis, dermal blood volume fraction and oxygen saturation, and skin's spectral scattering coefficient. It was established that changes in melanin concentration due to racial difference and tanning, and differences in epidermal thickness and blood volume with anatomical location were detectable. The retrieved values were also consistent with independent measurements reported in the literature. The same method could be used for optical diagnosis of pathologies affecting the structure and pigmentation of human skin. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


By using the Active Server Pages(ASP) technique, A product process information management system based on Browser/Server three tiers network architecture is developed. The system includes five subsystem: product structure management, product craft card management, product drawing document management, product explanation document management, part searching. And a detailed introduction of the system structure, function, characteristic, and the key techniques to realize it is presented.


In the gay movement, the idea of anti-discrimination was considered politically correct. And there were still some other ideas taken for granted: People who loved the same sex must "identify" themselves as gays or lesbians; and others whose sexual preferences differed from one another then "identify" themselves as queers. Nevertheless, these are the main cultural reality of gay movement in Taiwan after the 90's. Unlike the intellectual, metropolitan ones, people who does not have chances to connect with these "identical" cultural resources could not be helped by this kind of gay movement. This article shows the interview story of two women in love, because they are not the intellectual, metropolitan ones, we can see the subjectivity of them is very different. In the story, we can see the delicate texture of how two women interact with each other. We can also see in which way they fight and in what resource context they are facing to the reality. And at last, we may see the occurrence from a woman who struggled for life to that she could find her own value and her own way.


The oxidation of some copper-zinc alloys and a coppernickel alloy in pure oxygen at 700'C was studied to deterndne the occurrence of a displacement reaction of the type: B/sup +2/ + 2e/sup -/ + AO = A/sup +2/ + 2e/sup -/ = BO. The formation of BO in the displacement reaction was found to occur by observing a change in the oxide scale by metallographic examination and by noting a change in the rate of oxidation as given by the parabolic reaction rate constant. A change in the oxidation rate for several samples was further emphasized by observing the rates during two periods of oxidation which were separated by an isothermal annealing period in an inert gas. (auth)


2,3‐Dihydro‐1,5‐benzothiazepine‐4(5H)‐thiones 13‐22 were prepared by the reaction of the appropriate 2,3‐dihydro‐1,5‐benzothiazepin‐4(5H)‐ones with Lawesson's reagent. N‐Acyl (23‐25) and N‐alkyl (26‐28) derivatives have also been synthesized. Oxidation with 3‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid afforded sulfoxides 29‐32, and sulfones 33‐40 were obtained by using H2O2 as an oxidizing agent.


Naratriptan is a triptan drug. Three simple, sensitive and accurate spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of naratriptan in pure state and in its pharmaceutical formulations. The developed Method A is based on the formation of colored species on binding of the drug with the ligand, 1, 10-phenanthroline followed by ferric chloride and ortho phosphoric acid. The developed chromogen in Method A shows maximum absorption at λ max 510 nm and linearity in the range of 1-6 μg/mL. Method B is based on the reaction between drug and 2, 2'-Bipyridyl with ferric chloride and ortho phosphoric acid to form a colored chromogen and it shows maximum absorption at λ max 520 nm and linearity in the range of 20-80 μg/mL. Method C is based on oxidation of the drug in the presence of ferric chloride followed by complex formation with bathophenanthroline. The developed chromogen in Method C shows maximum absorption at λ max 620 nm and linearity in the range of 1-5 μg/mL. The results obtained were statistically evaluated and were found to be accurate and reproducible.


1. C.R. Gallistel, The Organization of Learning (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1990). 2. P.S. Churchland, V.S. Ramachandran, and T.J. Sejnowski, A critique of pure vision, in Large Scale Neuronal Theories of the Brain, C. Koch and J.L. Davis, Eds. (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1994). 3. K. von Frisch, The Dance Language and Ori entation of Bees (Harvard University Press, Cam bridge, MA, 1967). 4. M. Lindauer, Angeborne und erlernte Komponenten in der Sonnenorientierung der Bi enen, Zeitschrift f?r vergleichende Physiologie, 42, 43-62 (1959). 5. F.C. Dyer, Memory and sun compensation by honey bees, Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 160, 621-633 (1987). 6. F.C. Dyer, Nocturnal orientation by the Asian honey bee, Apis dorsata, Animal Behaviour, 33, 769-774 (1985), and publications by Lindauer, Edrich, and Wehner cited therein. 7. D.A.T. New and J.K. New, The dances of honey bees at small zenith distances of the sun, Journal of Experimental Biology, 39, 271-291 (1962); R. Wehner, Himmelsnavigation bei Insekten: Neurophysiologie und Verhalten, Neujahrsblatt der Natur for sehenden Gesellschaft in Z?rich, 184, 1-132 (1982); R. Wehner and B. Lanfranconi, What do ants know about the rotation of the sky? Nature, 293, 731-733 (1981). 8. J.L. Gould, Sun compensation by bees, Sci ence, 207, 545-547 (1980). 9. F.C. Dyer and J.A. Dickinson, Develop ment of sun compensation by honeybees: How partially experienced bees estimate the sun's course, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sci ences, USA, 91, 4471-4474 (1994). 10. R. Wehner and M. M?ller, How do ants acquire their celestial ephemeris function? Natur wissenschaften, 80, 331-333 (1993). 11. P. Marier, Song-learning: The interface be tween behavior and neuroethology, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, 329, 109-114 (1990). 12. S. Pinker, The Language Instinct (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1994); N. Chomsky, On the nature, use, and acquisition of language, in Readings in Philosophy and Cognitive Science, A.I. Goldman, Ed. (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1993). 13. D.F. Sherry, L.F. Jacobs, and S.J. Gaulin, Spatial memory and adaptive specialization of the hippocampus, Trends in Neurosciences, 15, 298-303 (1992). 14. K. Schmidt-Koenig, J.U. Ganzhorn, and R. Ranvaud, The sun compass, in Orientation in Birds, P. Berthold, Ed. (Birkh?user-Verlag, Basel, Switzerland, 1991).


Despite spectacular successes in hepatitis B and C therapies, severe hepatic impairment is still a major treatment problem. The clinically tested infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) superinfection therapy promises an innovative, interferon‐free solution to this great unmet need, provided that a consistent manufacturing process preventing mutations or reversions to virulent strains is obtained.


Glucose uptake of fasting-rat diaphragm and glucose output of rat liver slice chosen at random , with various hormones added to the incubation medium of 200 mg/dl glucose phosphate chloride buffer solution, were measured. Diabetogenic action was demonstrated by a decrease of glucose uptake and an increase of glucose output. On the contrary, an increase of glucose uptake and a decrease of glucose output meant antidiabetogenicity. The results are summarized as follows : 1) Adrenalin and GH showed a strong diabetogenic action and an and insuline effect both in rat diaphragm and rat liver slice experiments. 2) Diabetogenic action of 1-thyroxine seemed to increase the glucose output more in the liver slice experiment than in the diaphragm experiment. 3) On the other hand, diabetogenic action of hydrocortisone in rat diaphragm experiment was


The invention provides a forming method of magnetic material layers. The forming method includes providing a substrate which comprises an opening used for forming the magnetic material layers; utilizing a chemical gas phase sedimentation technique of reducing metal chloride to form metal layers which covers the bottom portion of and a part of the side wall of the opening, , wherein the metal layers comprise first metal material layers and second metal material layers placed on the surfaces of the first metal material layers; and conducting an annealing process for the first metal material layers and the second metal material layers to form the magnetic material layers. The follow-up magnetic material layers formed through the forming method are good in quality, performance of the magnetic tunnel structure is stable, and reliability is high. Correspondingly, the invention further provides a forming device of the magnetic material layers, and conditions are provided for the method.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the Decoction of Ramulus Cinnamomi plus Magnoliae Cortex and Apricot Fruit for cough variant asthma(CVA) of 37 cases.METHODS: A total of 68 patients with cough variant asthma in our hospital were enrolled in our study: 37 cases were assigned to treatment group to be treated with the Decoction of Ramulus Cinnamomi plus Magnoliae Cortex and Apricot Fruit,31 cases in the control group to receive western medicine Aminophylline 0.1 g,tid plus Ketotifen 20g at draught during nighttime.Therapeutic efficacy of the two groups was evaluated after treatment for two months.RESULTS: In the treatment group,11 cases showed marked efficacy,9 efficacy and 4 no efficacy,with excellent efficacy noted in 89.1%.However,in the control group,7 cases showed marked efficacy,4 efficacy and 15 no efficacy,with excellent efficacy noted in 51.6%.CONCLUSION: The treatment group is significantly superior to the control group in curative efficacy(P0.05).


The cultivation of the creative and practical ability of the students is one of the important tasks of the college education reform and is necessary for us to build a creative nation and society.There is space for China to cultivate the creative and practical ability of the college students.Based on the analysis of the problems in cultivating the students of the ability,solutions are put forward.


— For the Current Situation, now a Day Video Surveillance is an Important Security Mechanism for many Applications either it is for personal use or Commercial use. Using the Surveillance System we can establish security without physical need. In this paper we have done comprehensive Study on Motion Detection in Video with Surveillance System.


This report contains a theoretical study concerning composite construct design with steel and concrete and its mechanical and thermal interaction. The two primary advantages with this composition are the increase of the load-carrying capacity and its fire resistance.
Composite construct elements are often used in the building process and there are several companies that offer a complete framework solution with an existing fire resistance. This circumstance could be a limitation in the engineers work with the structural design. The objectives are, accordingly, to increase the knowledge about
methods and principles concerning fire resistance design, to increase the educational level considering the material properties and behavior under action of fire and also to apply the methodology on a existing cross-section with a FE-fire-simulation in the computer program ANSYS.
The results show that the cross-section in this study is not capable to resist a standard fire in 60 minutes if you use the beam maximal in the ultimate limit state. You can also establish the fact that the mechanical interaction effect is insignificant. The fire resistance-demand on these kinds of cross-sections is always 60 minutes ore more. The beam in this study must be oversized or protected with some kind of insulation so the demand could be fulfilled.


The paper presents the international, multilingual teaching project 'Ancient Cities'. The contributors explain the production of the Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) 'Discovering Greek &
 Roman Cities', its structure and learning material (such as videos, introductory texts, and quizzes), the participants' varied demographics and their feedback. Furthermore, they show how
 the course's materials were successfully implemented in academic teaching at the Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne and at the University of Pennsylvania.


The risk of recurrence after a single, unprovoked, generalized tonic-clonic seizure was assessed in 119 children aged 2 to 16 years, resident in Normandy and examined at the Hopital General, Le Havre and the Hopital Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France.


To examine the association between household food insecurity (HFI), glycemic control, severe hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) among youth and young adults (YYA) with youth‐onset type 2 diabetes.


Triphenylamine neutral and hole (radical cation) molecules are optimized by ab initio Hartree–Fock calculations at the 3-21G basis set. Modest changes in geometry are computed upon oxidation. The unpaired electron is 59% localized on the amine nitrogen atom. The energy barrier for the hopping process involving the electron transfer between a neutral and ionized (hole) triphenylamine is 0.15 eV. The vibrational mode that is primarily associated with the change in geometry upon hole formation is the C–N stretching mode.


The invention relates to a method for determining the amount of a slagging material and deoxidized alloy added into an LF refining furnace by use of a reference heat method. The method comprises the following steps: controlling the amount of slags discharged from a rotary furnace during a refining process, wherein the amount of the added synthetic slags is the same during a steel discharging process of the rotary furnace according to the same type of steel heat number; (1) acquiring data and building a database by use of a computer; and (2) using the database for determining the amount of the slagging material and the deoxidized alloy added into this type of steel LF refining furnace when the acquired data of a certain type of steel in the database is accumulated to be not less than 400 heat number. The method disclosed by the invention comprises steps of acquiring operation data, building the database and using the computer to process the data rapidly and accurately; the reference heat method absolutely can be used for replacing the existing slagging method for manually determining the amount of the added slagging material and has the advantages of solving the instability of manual determination, optimizing the refining effect, stabilizing the quality of refined liquid steel and promoting standardized operation.


Adhesive for oral use, wherein the adhesive contains at least one filler, at least one curable resin, at least one curing agent and at least one dye, wherein the adhesive has a final color prior to exposure to actinic radiation, the initial color and after exposure to actinic radiation, the initial color different from the final color.


World Tuberculosis Day, observed on 24 March each year, is the global call to raise awareness, celebrate successes and remind the world that tuberculosis (TB) is still the number one killer among the infectious causes of death [1]. TB is a preventable and curable disease, and its control is a highly cost-effective health intervention. However, diagnostic delay and inadequate treatment contribute to the severity and mortality of the disease as well as the risk of transmission and development of drug resistance. Despite the fact that TB disproportionately impacts low- and middle-income countries, it does not spare any country in the world, including those in the European Union/European Economic Area, where more than 4000 people still die from the disease every year [2]. Moreover, the high number of multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB cases in some countries of the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region poses a growing public health threat. Despite the sheer numbers, TB has for too long been overshadowed by HIV and malaria, and currently by the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. TB remains a global health emergency https://bit.ly/39DqHTb


An X-ray locating lighting system includes: an X-ray locating light source (10) with a long service life; an optical coordinator (11), wherein the light source is disposed at a first focal point and the optical coordinator is constructed so that it concentrates X-ray locating light from the light source to a second focal point; and an opaque shutter (14) in which an opening (16) is provided which is arranged near the second focal point and having such a geometric shape that maximizes light throughput, while satisfying requirements as regards the bright-field edge contrast. In another light system of the optical coordinator has a reflector (11) having a quasi-ellipsoidal portion (26) in which the light source is arranged, a cylindrical portion (30) disposed between the quasi-ellipsoidal portion and the aperture for reflecting scattered light is a retro-reflector portion (44) which is arranged close to the aperture, and a centrally located portion (46) which is arranged between the opening and the light source for directing the back reflected light in the direction of the opening.


Background Darkness, particularly in built up areas, can create a feeling of personal insecurity which is a problem in itself, even if the risk of personal victimization is actually small. Concern for being attacked outdoors after dark prevents some people from using public spaces, and thus has a negative effect on their quality of life. But darkness also creates a favourable environment for vandalism and theft, including bicycle thefts and thefts from vehicles, offences which are very common. Contemporary interest in the effect of improved street lighting on crime began in the U.S. during the dramatic rise in crime in the 1960s. Many towns and cities embarked upon major street lighting programs as a means of reducing crime, and initial results were encouraging.


Formaldehyde has been used for specimen preservation for decades, though in recent years museums have been reducing use of the chemical due to the health and safety hazards it causes to both collections and staff members. Despite the chemical's physical absence from a facility, traces of the chemical may remain in the museum's indoor environment, creating a severe health and preservation issue for the well-being of the institution. Using the Natural Science Research Laboratory at the Museum of Texas Tech as a test case, the various tools and methods used to detect formaldehyde were evaluated within the museum environment. Additionally, guidelines for detecting and disposing of formaldehyde were reported.


Most hospitals provide physical therapy services, but if physicians are not well informed about indications, technics and prescriptions for rehabilitation, medical supervision is seriously affected. To provide postgraduate instruction in this field, a two year program was devised, consisting of monthly clinics and lectures in a community hospital. The program proved so successful that similar plans have been developed in other communities and other areas of medicine.


A new classification method of transient disturbance based on Hilbert transform and classification trees is proposed.Hilbert transform is first applied to perform time-frequency analysis on transient disturbance,and the features can then be extracted from the results,finally presents the classification trees method for transient disturbance.The simulation results show that the method can effectively classify and identify the transient disturbance signal,and is easy to be achieved and has a relatively high classification accuracy.


Identifying emotional states through the analysis of vocalisations is a difficult task in the realm of human-computer interaction (HCI). Many research methodologies have been employed, and more recent research has advocated the use of deep learning algorithms as viable substitutes for the methodologies that are now employed in SER. The Toronto Emotional Speech Set (TESS) dataset is used in this research work to present a speech emotion detection system based on the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model and Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) classification. With the use of voice cues, the suggested system intends to appropriately categorise emotions including anger, disgust, fear, happiness, neutral, and sadness. The LSTM model is trained to categorise the emotions, and the MFCC approach is utilised to extract features from the speech signals. The recognition rate of the trained network was then tested using a set of labelled emotion speech samples. The number of neurons and layers are modified for optimisation based on the MFCC accuracy rate. Outside the preview of earlier studies, this study places more focus on speech-based outcomes than on text-based ones.


Presented in this paper is beam commissioning of fast extraction system of the J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex) MR (Main Ring). Before the start of beam tuning, simulation study with measured magnetic field of fast extraction septa had been done. Depended on this study, MR fast extraction of 30 GeV beam to neutrino beam line had been achieved on April 23rd 2009. After orbit correction with high accuracy in both horizontal and vertical, 70 kW continual operation to neutrino line have been achieved so far. INTRODUCTION In the MR, the third straight section is assigned for the fast extraction. A beam line for the neutrino oscillation experiment goes inside from the ring; meanwhile, a beam abort line goes outside which can deliver the beam aborted at an arbitrary energy to a dump just by using a quadrupole doublet for the focus. Just before commissioning, the measured magnetic field distribution of each fast extraction septum magnets showed non-linear profile along the horizontal direction. In order to investigate the influence, a beam simulation had been performed. This simulation and beam tuning for MR fast extraction will be mentioned in this paper. SIMULATION STUDY OF THE MR FAST EXTRACTION The MR fast extraction system comprises 5 kickers, 4 low-field septum magnets and 4 high-field septum magnets as shown in Figure 1 [1]. Figure 1: The layout of MR fast extraction. Four low-field septum magnets are named as SM11, SM12, SM21, and SM22, while high-field septum magnets are named as SM30, SM31, SM32, and SM33. All the 5 kickers and 8 septum magnets give a bipolar kick for 30 GeV beam to neutrino beam line or abort dump [2]. The acceptance of this extraction line is 20.1 π mm·mrad, which is limited by the septa apertures. Figure 2: Measured magnetic field of each septa magnet. (Left: low-field septum magnet SM11; Right: high-field septum magnet SM30). Before beam tuning of fast extraction, non-linear profiles along the horizontal direction were found in measured magnetic field of each septa magnet which can be seen in Figure 2. Those non-linear profiles showed quadrupole field component and higher order components. Figure 3: Particle distributions at end of the MR fast extraction. Upper three: with linear field of septa; Middle three: with measured field of septa at the measured current; Lower three: with measured field of septa at the fitting current for beam tuning. ___________________________________________ *Work supported by ... firstname.lastname@example.com THPEB016 Proceedings of IPAC'10, Kyoto, Japan 3918 04 Hadron Accelerators T12 Beam Injection/Extraction and Transport In order to find the influence, beam simulations had been performed considering quadrupole field component, sextupole field component and octupole field component of these measured field distribution. The simulation results are shown in Figure 3 and Table 1. Figure 3 gives the particle distributions at the end of fast extraction, where is also the beginning of neutrino beam line. Here three cases are shown for linear field in design, measured field at measured current, measured field at fitting current for beam tuning. Fitting current is the adjust setting of septa according to fast extraction orbit. The initial input beam is about 10 π mm-mrad which is considered as full emittance of MR fast extraction in design. Table 1: Twiss Parameters at the End of the MR Fast Extraction Considering Linear or Non-linear Field of Setpa βx (m) αx Dx (m) Emittance x


Ring chromosome 13, is an uncommon genetic syndrome. We report a girl infant with ring chromosome 13. She is 2nd offspring of family. She had no family history of genetic disorder. Karyotype showed 46xx,r(13). She had hypertelorism, wide nasal bridge, and long philtrum. She is the first report of ring chromosome 13 in Iranian children. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i1.7961 J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(1):74-76


In order to probe into the impact of body building sports on fat children's health,offer the theory and practice basis for formulation and implementation of fat body building prescriptions of children.We Choose 20 fat children to be trained the comprehensive sport which lasted for 12 weeks at random,then test health form and multiple indexes of the function before and after the sport,compareing with 20 fat corresponding index of children(not accepting the sport prescription)which are choosen at random,the comparison of all health index between the trained and no-trained fat children is remarkable that is the effect of sport is nemarkable.Sport can reduce body fat,increase tight weight and improve childrens heart and lung function and physique effectively.


Global data for soil type, texture, surface slope and other properties, at a 1 degree resolution. Based on FAO soil maps (1974) and on Matthews vegetation dataset (DS765.0. [http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds765.0/]). Has more details about soil than the Wilson dataset (DS767.0 [http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds767.0/]) (from Zobler, 1986 files). See NASA Technical Memorandum 100685, Staub and Rosenzweig.


This paper investigates how the performance and capacity of the IEEE 802.11 medium access control (MAC) layer is affected by pulse jamming, using a time-driven simulation program in C language implemented at the Communications Laboratory of the Helsinki University of Technology. The simulations demonstrate the effect of pulse duration and pulse repetition internal on the IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN) capacity, defined in terms of simultaneous voice over IP (VoIP) connections. Under normal conditions (i.e., no jamming), the WLAN can support a certain number of real-time VoIP connections, taking into account the fact that VoIP traffic cannot tolerate excessive delays caused by multiple retransmissions or the build-up of VoIP packets in the transmission buffers of the wireless stations. The simulations show that during severe pulse jamming, the number of supported VoIP connections is substantially decreased.


Elimination of excess cholesterol by the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway opposes atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. RCT begins with the mobilization of excess free cholesterol from macrophage foam cells in the artery wall to high-density lipoproteins. After esterification of cholesterol in the plasma compartment by lecithin cholesterol:acyltransferase, cholesteryl esters can be selectively delivered to the liver via the class B type 1 scavenger receptor. Alternatively, CETP (cholesterol ester transfer protein) may exchange cholesteryl esters for triglycerides on apolipoprotein B–containing lipoproteins, which can deliver cholesterol to hepatocytes by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Cholesterol elimination from the liver requires transport across the canalicular surface by the ABCG5/G8 transporter or the BSEP (bile salt export protein, ABCB11) after cholesterol conversion to primary bile acids. However, a fraction of cholesterol is reabsorbed in the proximal small intestine via NPC1L1 (Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1) and bile acids in the distal small intestine through the combined actions of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter and intestinal bile acid transporter, thereby limiting neutral and acidic sterol loss from the body.


The mature method for lectotype and coordinative design of full-mechanized long-wall mining complete set has been prepared.The diversity of geologic conditions in coal mines forces us to face and treat some peculiar circumstances.


Issues emerging from a look at student achievement, which is defined in its usual school context as achievement on standardized tests, are addressed. A mythology about standardized testing has developed, in part because the metaphoric languages of medicine and business have been applied to education, defining it in terms of cure, efficiency, and productivity. Test bias, political implications, and contemporary learning theory can transform standardized test use into test abuse. Growing awareness of the dangers of exclusive dependence on standardized testing t7s resulted in many changes, including: (1) use of tests for screening and diagnosis; (2) innovative statewide assessment programs; (3) use of means of assessment that are authentic measures of what students need to gain; (4) use of large-scale tests in innovative ways; (5) goal planning as the emphasis for raising achievement; (6) new technology for testing; (7) increased awareness of fair testing practices; (8) development of the National Commission on Testing and Public Policy; (9) use of expectancy scores; (10) use of sophisticated sampling techniques; and (11) use of standardized tests as only one source of information. Standardized testing must come to be regarded, not as a cure for educational ills, but as a useful tool with much potential fog misuse. (SLD)


In "Songyuan Chongyue (_??__??__??__??_): His Biography and Thought" (IBK 54:1, 2006), I examined Songyuan's stupa inscription from Lu You's (_??__??_) Weinan wenji, and pointed out that "It is not the tongue that one speaks with, " one of the two turning phrases from his Record of Sayings, is of great importance.This phrase, together with another, "Why is a man (of great strength) not able to lift his legs?", were both introduced as the 20th case in The Gateless Passage (_??__??__??_). "Obviously, the two phrases, " as Takashi Hirata commented in his annotated translation of The Gateless Passage, "indicate Songyuan's criticism of Chan quietism."It is now known, however, from the teachings of the founder of Kencho-ji (_??__??__??_) and Songyuan's second generation successor, Lanxi Daolong (_??__??__??__??_) that Songyuan in fact put great emphasis on seated meditation. In this paper, the relationship between seated meditation and his two turning phrases is addressed. I am certain that the two turning phrases are concerned with nothing more than his opinions on true enlightenment through a koan. It can be inferred that, by examining Dahui's (_??__??_) sayings on seated meditation and koan practice, efforts in both practices are equally necessary. Hirata's conclusion about Songyuan's criticism of Chan quietism therefore proves inappropriate.


Triarylmethanols are well-known core structures in natural products and pharmacologically relevant compounds. In general, transition metal-based catalysts or highly reactive organometallics are employed for the synthesis of these compounds. Herein,...


World War I profoundly affected the United States. It led to an expansion of America's permanent military establishment, a foreign policy focused on reforming world politics, and American preeminence in international finance. In domestic affairs, America's involvement in the war exacerbated class, racial, and ethnic conflict. It also heightened both the ethos of voluntarism in progressive ideology and the progressive desire to step up state intervention in the economy and society. These dual impulses had a coercive thrust that sometimes advanced progressive goals of a more equal, democratic society and sometimes repressed any perceived threat to a unified war effort. Ultimately the combination of progressive and repressive coercion undermined support for the Democratic Party, shifting the nation's politics in a conservative direction as it entered the 1920s.


ABSTRACT One possible means of decreasing the work of compression of a scroll gas compressor is by injecting, or flooding, high specific heat liquid into the inlet gas stream of the compressor. The high specific heat liquid can then absorb the heat of compression of the gas and offer the possibility of a reduction in the net power of the compressor. The particular application of interest for this flooded-compression technology is the Liquid-Flooded Ericsson cycle as proposed by Hugenroth et al. (2007), a gas refrigeration cycle. Adequate performance of the Ericsson cycle is contingent on designing scroll compressors that can efficiently compress high heat of compression gases. A detailed model of the flooded scroll compressor has been constructed which allows prediction of the compressor performance over a wide range of operating conditions. The detailed flooded scroll compressor model has been validated with experimental data, for which good agreement was found. 1. INTRODUCTION A vapor-compression scroll compressor has been modified to run on a mixture of gas and oil. Originally the compressor was an automotive R134a compressor, but due to its semi-hermetic design it could easily be modified for use with liquid flooding. The radial compliance and discharge valve were removed, but otherwise the compressor was off-the-shelf. Previous investigators (Li 1992, Hiwata 2002, Oku 2006) have experimentally researched flooded compression in scroll compressors, though their studies were based on vapor compression systems, and the compressors were not optimized for liquid flooding.


This article considers the artistic and legal practices of Bangarra Dance Theatre in a case study of copyright law management in relation to Indigenous culture. It is grounded in the particular local experience, knowledge and understanding of copyright law displayed by the performing arts company. The first part considers the special relationship between Bangarra Dance Theatre and the Munyarrun Clan. It examines the contractual arrangements developed to recognise communal ownership. The next section examines the role of the artistic director and choreographer. It looks at the founder, Carole Johnson, and her successor, Stephen Page. The third part of the article focuses on the role of the composer, David Page. It examines his ambition to set up a Indigenous recording company, Nikinali. Part 4 focuses upon the role of the artistic designers. It looks at the contributions of artistic designers such as Fiona Foley. Part 5 deals with broadcasts of performances on television, film, and multi-media. Part 6 considers the collaborations of Bangarra Dance Theatre with the Australian Ballet, and the Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games. The conclusion considers how Bangarra Dance Theatre has played a part ina general campaign to increase protection of Indigenous copyright law.


The article tackles and analyzes the approaches to the definition of «culture» existing in modern science. We come to the conclusion that culture is a super complex integrity in which material and spiritual acts of a person, including his attitude to nature, society and himself are realized.


We are devoted with singular integro-differential abstract Cauchyproblems. Required conditions on spaces and operators are givenguaranteeing existence and uniqueness of solutions. Applications from partial differential equations are given to illustrate the abstract singular integro-differential problem.


In the case that a Shimura variety has a real canonical model, complex conjugation defines an involution of the set of complex points of the variety. It is necessary to have an explicit description of this involution in order, for example, to compute the zeta function of the variety. Langlands conjectured such a description in [1, p. 417-18] and our purpose is to prove his conjecture for all Shimura varieties of abelian type. (This class of Shimura varieties is defined in S 1 of this paper; it contains all those whose canonical model is known, at the time of writing, to exist.) Recall that a Shimura variety Sh(G, X) is defined by a Q-rational reductive group G and a family X of homomorphisms COx -> G(R) satisfying certain conditions. Initially Sh (G, X) is defined as a complex variety but is expected to have a model over a certain number field E(G, X) called the reflex field. A canonical model for Sh(G, X) is a variety M(G, X) over E(G, X) satisfying certain conditions sufficient to determine it uniquely. Assume that E(G, X) is real and that the canonical model exists so that complex conjugation defines an involution 0 of Sh(G, X). When the canonical model is a moduli variety, and so has a direct description, the proof of the conjecture is straightforward. This is not usually the case, and just as the construction of the canonical model is intricate in general, so must be the proof of the conjecture. In particular, it must involve an analogous assertion for connected Shimura varieties. Such an assertion is proved in Shih [1] for connected Shimura varieties that are of primitive abelian type C, and this result is the starting point of our proof of the conjecture for all Shimura varieties of abelian type. (Since a does not preserve the connected component the analogous assertion takes on quite a different form from the original; it becomes rather a statement about the action of a "negative" element of G(Q).) To see how our result relates to the zeta function, consider an arbitrary


Abstract : TSA has implemented numerous initiatives designed to enhance aviation security, but has collected limited information on the effectiveness of these initiatives in protecting commercial aircraft. Our recent work on passenger screening found that little testing or other data exist that measures the performance of screeners in detecting threat objects. However, TSA is taking steps to collection data on the effectiveness of its security initiatives, including developing a 5-year performance plan detailing numerous performance measures, as well a implementing several efforts to collect performance data on the effectiveness of passenger screening-such as fielding the Threat Image Projection System and increasing screener testing.


We would like to request that experiment E03-104 be scheduled. This experiment, Probing the Limits of the Standard Model of Nuclear Physics with the He(~e, e~ p )H Reaction, has been approved for 18 days and consists of measuring the recoil proton polarizations after scattering polarized electrons from He. The ratio of the transverse and longitudinal helicity-dependent polarization components is expected to be sensitive to the ratio of the proton electromagnetic form factors, GE/GM , in the dense nuclear medium. Experiment E03-104 is an extension of E93-049 [1]. The latter experiment found reasonable agreement between data and calculation only after inclusion of medium-modified nucleon form factors as predicted by the quark-meson coupling (QMC) model [2]. Although, in principle, conventional DWIA calculations could be improved at the cost of added complexity, the inclusion of medium-modified nucleons may offer a more economical description of nuclei. However, the uncertainties of the data do not yet allow a definite conclusion. The new experiment will measure the polarization ratio at Q values of 0.8 and 1.3 (GeV/c) with uncertainties roughly a factor of two smaller than for E93-049 mostly due to the higher beam currents and beam polarizations expected (see Fig. 1). In addition, E03-104 includes calibration runs to better determine the recoil polarimeter false asymmetries. These features of E03-104 will allow a much improved measurement and should provide one of the most stringent tests of the standard model of nuclear physics. There is substantial and growing interest within the theoretical community in obtaining improved data for this reaction. In particular, we now have new microscopic calculations by R. Schiavilla et al. [3]. These results challenge the current interpretation of the experimental data in terms of medium-modified form factors; however, at the expense of including not well constrained terms in the parameterization of the final-state interaction. The expected high-precision data on the induced polarization will be crucial to shed more light on this part of the reaction mechanism. We also now have Glauber based calculations by the group of Ryckebusch [4], and a chiral soliton-model calculation of the in-medium form factors by Smith and Miller


The differential pulse voltammtric oxidation of Vitamin A (VA) at a platinum electrode was used to determine the VA conten of some pharmaceutical preparations. In 0.1 mol/L HClO 4-DMF medium, the VA showed a differentical pulse voltammetic peak at 0.81 V. The peak current was directly proportional to the concentration of VA in the range of 2.8×10 -6 ~ 1.0×10 -4 mol/L. Cyclic voltammetry showed the electode reaction is reverseble with adsorption characteristics.


Objective To study the relationship between overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 3(HER3) and malignant phenotype of gastric cancer.Methods The expression of HER3 was detected by immunohistochemistry in 161 patients with gastric cancer underwent gastrectomy.Clinicopathological characteristics and the expression of HER3 were retrospectively analyzed.HER3 siRNA was constructed and transfected to human gastric cancer cell with HER3 expression.The expression of HER3 was detected by Western blot assay,the proliferation of the cells by MTT assay,the invasion by wound-healing assay,and the apoptosis by TUNEL assay.ResultsThe high expression of HER3 was associated with tumor invasive depth,lymph node metastasis,stage,the invasion of nerve and vessel,and the 4-year overall survival(P0.05 or P0.01).The independent prognostic factors were the stage(HR:4.044,95%CI:2.149-7.609,P=0.000) and overexpression of HER3(HR:1.922,95%CI:1.081-3.416,P=0.026).In vitro,expression of HER3 was significantly inhibited by HER3 siRNA.The proliferation(72 h:MNK45 vs.MNK45 siRNA,SGC7901 vs.SGC7901 siRNA:P0.05,96 h:MNK45 vs.MNK45 siRNA:P0.05,SGC7901 vs.SGC7901 siRNA: P0.01) and the invasion(P=0.0071) of gastric cancer cells were down-regulated and the apoptosis(MNK45 vs.MNK45 siRNA:P=0.0019,SGC7901 vs.SGC7901 siRNA:P=0.0061) of the cells was significantly increased after treated with HER3 siRNA.Conclusion In gastric cancer,the overexpression of HER3 is associated with the proliferation,invasion,and apoptosis of gastric cancer.High expression of HER3 predicts a poor survival in the patients with gastric cancer.


A machine learning model that predicts automotive radiated emissions under CISPR25 conditions from near-field noise is developed as a neural network. The model demonstrates a versatile performance that predicts radiated emissions from samples other than those used in the learning phase. It shows low dependency of predictive performance on the neural network's hyperparameters.


There are two kinds of vegetation modeling:modeling of single tree and modeling of scene.Single tree modeling can be subdivided into botany-based and computer graphics-based method.Part I of the paper is devoted to the software,techniques and applications of single tree modeling.Three well-developed modeling tools:L-system,AMAP and Xfrog is discussed and compared in detail in this part.Part II is about the modeling of scene:DEM to visualize the terrain,landscape design and then,modeling the"virtual world".A review of regular methods is put forward first,followed with a survey of the ways to increase modeling speed,flyover fps and improve the visual impact.Finally this paper summarizes the exiting issues and highlight the perspectives of further research and applications.


Diastereoselective dihydroxylation of dihydropyranones and subsequent regioselective alpha-deoxygenation provides 1,3-trans-beta-hydroxy-delta-lactones stereoselectively. This protocol has been applied for the synthesis of C(1)-C(8) and C(15)-C(21) subunits of (+)-discodermolide.


A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatograghic method with solid-phase extraction was used for the degradation analysis of pyrimethanil residue in passion fruit.The HPLC conditions were as follows: the column was Shim-pack VP-ODS 150 mm×4.6 mm.CH3OH: 1% CH3COOH = 90:10(V/V)as mobile phase,flow rate 0.4 mL /min,injection volume 20 μL and detection wavelength at 270 nm.Good linearity of pyrimeth-anil was obtained over the range of 0.0760~21.20 mg/L(r=0.9964).The detection limit was 0.0500 mg/L for pyrimethanil.The average recoveries ranged from 85.6% to 102.3% with relative standard deviation of 0.89%~2.7%.The method is fast and simple for the residue detection and analysis of pyrimethanil in passion fruit.and it is suitable for the determination of fungicide residue of pyrimethanil in passion fruit.


The t−3/2 decay of the velocity autocorrelation function has recently been obtained from a non‐Markovian Langevin equation by a number of authors. This approach is extended here to yield the probability distributions for both position and velocity of the Brownian particle. The terms leading to the t−3/2 decay in the velocity autocorrelation function are discussed with regard to spatial diffusion.


Also there were relationship between level of serum,s Ca with T-Score,s mean of left femoral neck (P-Value=0.031). Conclusions: We foumd great relationship existed between level of serum,s Ca, Alk.P, PTH and duration of hemodialysis with BMD of lumbar and femoral neck in ESRD patients. We recommend measurement of BMD for all patients every year and measurement level of Ca, Alk.P and PTH every 2 months in dialysis patients for diagnosis of high risk patients for enough treatment to prevented. Renal osteodysytrophy should be controlled by this factors to was prevented of morbidity and mortality due to fracture in lumbar and femoral neck regions in ESRD patients.


In this paper, we look at factors that affect how marketers set price. The final price for a product might be influenced by numerous factors, which can be categorized into two main groups, internal factors and external factors, both areas are discussed in further detail in this paper. In addition to discussing the factors that influence international marketing channels, which are the channels within which goods and services pass to reach their foreign customers. This suggests that manufacturers and consumers must be located in either the producers or customers country or having presence in both countries. Lastly, the paper will discuss standardized advertising versus localized advertising in an international market.


[T]he poor devil in the army is marching tremendous distances, he is in the mud, he's filthy dirty, he hasn't had a full meal, he makes his maximum exertion before the fight, and [he has had] a minimum of sleep and a minimum of well-prepared food, and then he fights in a place he has never seen before, and probably goes into it in the hours of darkness. His communications are not fastened in by some contractor like Westinghouse [on] a ship. His communications are mobile and have moved about and generally go into place during the night or very hastily in the daytime. He may never see them. He may work with artillery he never lays his eyes on, which labors far in the rear and with communications that carry back reports of targets. So we almost never have completely trained infantry. We came more near it in this war than in any other, but we were under great disadvantage. [O]ther services had volunteers and we did not. It [is] a completely mistaken illusion that [the infantry is] easy to train. It's been easy to badly train, and it's been badly trained in every war we've had. I made a Herculean effort to see it was rightly trained in this war. And if I hadn't had a very friendly Congress with me, I never would have gotten by with it, because they thought I was ... doing too much in the way of preparations with these men.--General of the Army George C. Marshall, quoted in General Paul F. Gorman, The Secret of Future Victories (Arlington, VA: Institute for Defense Analysis, 1992) ALTHOUGH FIELD artillery claims to be the g of battle, the infantry has long called itself the queen of battle, so it is logical to look at the infantry as the maneuver base for operations in the contemporary operating environment (COE), especially in stability operations and support operations (SOSO) like Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) in Afghanistan and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF). Ultimately, putting boots on the ground is the infantry's reason for being. Operational experience in OEF and OIF supports this claim, as does a decade of rotations at the Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC). Indeed, JRTC operations group commanders maintain that the key to success at the JRTC is to concentrate on platoons. That dictum carries special weight because, of all the combat training centers, only the JRTC places observer-controllers at the squad level. Sister service training centers concentrate on companies and above. Since 2002, the JRTC has concentrated exclusively on mission rehearsal exercises (MREs) for operations in Afghanistan and Iraq. The common core challenges facing squad, platoon, and company leaders during those MREs include-- * Troop-leading procedures. * Rehearsals. * Precombat inspections/precombat checks. * Delegation of tasks and responsibilities. (1) The same challenges have dogged small-unit leaders at the JRTC for the past decade. The Global War on Terrorism (GWOT), especially in Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom, has documented in combat what the JRTC has been saying for years: small units--the infantry platoon and squad--are key to success in the COE, especially in SOSO. The GWOT's demand for infantry has led the Army to increase its number of infantry-like formations by assigning infantry missions to armor, artillery, engineer, and even air defense artillery units, and the mission complexity facing infantry formations has challenged infantry leaders from squad to brigade. SOSO are a squad and platoon leader's fight. Succeeding in that fight requires companies to take on command and control (C2) and information-handling missions once left to battalions and at times even brigades. The COE's pillar of noncontiguous operations has been applied at squad, platoon, and company levels. Former U.S. Southern Command (SOUTHCOM) commander in chief General Paul F. Gorman notes that "teamwork within the squad is more important than any individual quality, and can help decrease casualties. …


WANG Zihan, GE Hao, JING Xiaokun, XIAO Chengzhi, and HUANG Da School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China A bstract: In order to study the application of visualization technology in shear tests of soil and the deformation mechanism of shear band, shearing tests on different kinds of soil are carried out by using the visualization shear equipment. Combining with digital image deformation measurement technology, the displacement images of soil specimens are obtained in shear processes. The deformation characteristics of sand, clay and gravel samples in shearing tests are studied. The results show that the shear bands of sand samples are the "fish-shaped" areas between the upper and lower shear surfaces when shearing failure occurs. The thicknesses of shear bands increase at first then decrease with the increasing shear displacement. The clay specimens are mainly destroyed along the horizontal planes between the upper and the lower shear boxes. And there is no obvious secondary shear surface. The shear bands of gravel samples are mainly concentrated in the "arched" areas between the primary and secondary shear surfaces in upper shearing boxes. The stresses on "arched" secondary shear surfaces are greater than that on horizontal primary shear surfaces, and the strength indexes are basically consistent. This research can provide scientific methodology for developing mechanism of shear zone of soil and the establishment of constitutive models.


From a series of observations based on a number of teaching sites, the author wishes to examine one contemporary aspect of teachers' personal involvement. This leads him to wonder whether we are not witnessing a strong recurrence of the didactic trends previously believed to be extinct. The verification of this assumption has led him to carry out a series of interviews with 28 junior and senior high school teachers as well as university professors. Although this meant a wide range of educational subjects , the gathering of such a corpus does not claim to represent all the categories of teachers in the field. The processing of those documents has been carried out using the content analysis method developed by prof. M. C. D'unrug (in analyse de contenus, editions universitaires). The analysis leads to the discovery of five main themes , namely competence, training, mutations, itineraries, teaching, didactics, which underlie the answers of the persons questioned in those non-directional interviews. The results of the thematic analysis are being assessed in the thorough, extensive treatment of the interviews. The themes which come up at first sight, are later found to be validated by a linguistic analysis of the very wording of the interviews. The didactic concern of the teachers is overriding although only a few of them are explicitly aware of it. The trend thus identified could be considered as a shift in personal involvement rather than an actual recurrence; it may prove fruitless if it confines itself to the boundaries of disciplinary contents or to the immediate meeting of utilitarian demands expressed by schools and universities.


The monitored object extensions easy, efficient use of resources and the computer possible. To control the object system functions and other functions to realize a part or all of the functions of the target by the necessary program or data, or both the program and data constituting the pre-recorded stored in the object storage section 12. Provided in the target access storage device 12, the recording target object management section 14 has the supplied object execution apparatus 13 is stored. Receiving the target supplied by the assigned object management section 14, by executing the object, the state information of the input information from the input device 11, object execution information apparatus 13 according to a predetermined aspect of the status information processing, display, recording, monitoring from monitored and controlled the input information 20, or monitoring and controlling a control target or operation support.


PURPOSE
To quantify the contribution of in vitro fertilization (IVF) on changes in the rates of low birth weight (LBW), preterm delivery, very low birth weight, and multiple births during the past 3 years.

METHODS
Data on IVF pregnancies from 1994 to 1996 within Alberta were reviewed. Population data were obtained from the Provincial notice of a live or stillbirth.

RESULTS
The IVF component of increased LBW rate in the province was 17.8% for infants <2500 g and 43.5% for those born <1500 g. IVF accounted for 10.5% of the provincial rate increase in deliveries <37 weeks' gestation and 66.2% of those <30 weeks' gestation. IVF accounted for 21.4% of the twins and all of the sets of triplets in the province.

CONCLUSION
During a 3-year period IVF has affected the incidence of LBW, preterm delivery, and multiple birth. IVF is a substantial contributor to changes in very low birth weight and delivery before 30 weeks, which is partly related to multiple births.


There have been a number of attacks on the idea of human rights recently, both in the course of political and diplomatic encounters across the globe, as well as in the more systematic literature of political philosophy. These attacks do not always distinguish between the Lockean, negative and the more recent positive rights traditions. For example, at the 1993 summer conference on Human Rights in Vienna, Austria, many diplomats from different regions of the world raised such questions as 'When we speak of human rights, are these conditions that everyone everywhere ought to enjoy?'Is it perhaps the case that human rights are one thing for people in one part of the globe and another for those in another part?' These questions were raised in large part about the rights spelled out in the United Nations Declaration of Universal Human Rights, including both (so called) negative and positive rights–e.g., the rights to freedom of expression and to public education, respectively.


Purpose: Prognostic indicators are used increasingly in clinical trials and to guide surveillance for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The significance of a preoperative, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) as a predictive indicator for malignancy and for prognosis in colorectal cancer has not been elucidated. Hence, the current study was conducted to evaluate the ESR as a prognostic indicator in patients with CRC. Methods: This study enrolled 232 patients who underwent surgery in our hospital between 1997 and 2004. ESR with clinicopathologic features and overall survival were evaluated retrospectively. Results: The ESRs of 139 patients were elevated, and those of 93 patients were normal. Elevated ESR was associated with the male gender, decreased hemoglobin, increased platelet count, high preoperative CEA, high preoperative CA19-9, tumor size (≥5 cm), T stage, and TNM stage. Patients with elevated ESR had poorer survival (P=0.001), but a multivariate analysis did not reveal an elevated ESR as an independent factor for prognosis. Conclusions: Preoperative elevation of ESR in patients with CRC suggests the presence of a tumor with aggressive behavior and a poor outcome.


Geosciences are as important as ever to society in relation to a broad range of challenges. Our geoscience subjects are central to six of the global top ten challenges to society, including the supply of fresh water to the whole population, stable supply of energy, the climate evolution and severe weather conditions, stable and sufficient food supply where soil sciences is at the centre, geohazards, and ocean acidification. The political solutions to these key challenges require scientific knowledge and insight, and learned societies should assume a key responsibility in defining the challenges. The science advice to the political world will come from a variety of organisations, and it is reassuring that ICSU recently has launched its new flagship programme on "Future Earth". However, the geoscience unions should also play a key role in ensuring that society has the best scientific insight before decisions are made to these grand challenges. The unions with their broad membership, geographically and subject-wise, have the organisation that may foster increased international collaboration on the key challenges across the borders. The European Geosciences Union (EGU) is Europe's premier geosciences union, dedicated to the pursuit of excellence in the geosciences and the planetary and space sciences for the benefit of humanity, worldwide. It was established in September 2002 as a merger of the European Geophysical Society (EGS) and the European Union of Geosciences (EUG), and has headquarters in Munich, Germany. EGU is a non-profit international union of scientists with over 12,500 members from all over the world. Membership is open to individuals who are professionally engaged in or associated with geosciences and planetary and space sciences and related studies, including students and retired seniors. sessions cover a wide range of topics, including volcanology, planetary exploration, the Earth's internal structure and atmosphere, climate, as well as energy and resources. Europe is a diverse continent with many small countries. Although many countries are members, the European Union (EU) has limited influence on the policy making in Europe (e.g. laws require decision in all parliaments in the member countries). Nevertheless, the political system in Europe develops toward integration between the members of the EU. The disciplinary breath and its large membership provide excellent background for EGU to assume a role in assisting policy makers by providing scientific advice. EGU is already a premier forum for open debate on the role of geosciences in modern society and development of new relations between scientists and the political system. We are now taking up the challenge and responsibility of promoting geosciences in a wider context to society, including promoting research opportunities for talented early career researchers, and providing links between decision makers, the political system and the scientific community. Outreach in terms of information sharing with the public is already at a high level and the ambition for the coming years is that EGU's voice should be heard among the coming generations of scientists, politicians, economists, and other decision makers throughout Europe. Being the premier geoscience union in Europe, EGU has a commitment to provide reliable scientific information to society, in particular to the main global scientific challenges faced by our societies. On global scale, the geosciences unions should consider joint action in identifying the key questions in relation to the key global challenges. to exchanging scientific knowledge and discussion to address important geo-scientific issues among scientists. I sincerely congratulate JpGU on his success in the past 25 years, and wish JpGU a prosperous prospect in the years to come. The American Geophysical Union (AGU) will celebrate its centennial in 2019. The AGU represents 60,000 geoscientists as members (including over 24,000 members outside of the USA with almost 2,600 from Japan) while reaching over 300,000 scientists through its global meetings and publications programs. As geoscience has grown to know no borders, so has the AGU. Our Fall Meeting held in San Francisco includes scientists from almost 150 countries, and over half of the articles published in AGU journals are from lead authors outside the USA. is a research field that has developed rapidly along with the dawn of the space age. The international collaborations have been one of key elements of researches in the space physics. Interdisciplinary researches are also fundamental nature of the research field, since it has close relations with astronomy, meteorology, planetary science, plasma physics, and other fields. it is to of (Magnetospheric Multi-Scale) main goal of mission to reveal the nature of the microphysics of three fundamental plasma processes, i.e., the magnetic reconnection, energetic particle acceleration, and turbulence. Interdisciplinary researches between space physics, astronomy, and laboratory plasma physics enhanced. as well as strength of intrinsic magnetic field are important parameters to determine space environment around a planet. The knowledge of other planets with different conditions enables us to understand more deeply the solar-terrestrial system. International mission to Mercury, BepiColombo is now under preparation and will be launched in 2016. The mission consists of two orbiters and one of the orbiters, MMO, has been developed in Japan, while ESA is responsible for MPO development. The mission has also enhanced international collaborations in science before launch. There are many other missions that have excited international collaborations such as MAVEN and JUICE. In order to understand the diversity and universality of the stellar-planetary system, cooperation with astronomy and planetary science is getting more essential. This presentation provides a brief review of these international collaborations in space physics. Keeping these three directions of researches, a personal future perspective will be also presented. Climate sciences have evolved rapidly during the past decades as observations suggest gradual changes in weather and climate due to increasing anthropogenic radiative forcing. General circulation models (GCMs) have also been developed and improved, though incrementally, for attributing the past climate change signals as well as for future climate projection. International efforts of coordinating the GCM experiments, called the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP), have provided information on climate changes imperative to the IPCC Assessment Reports. We, a joint climate modeling group among the University of Tokyo, National Institute for Environmental Science, and Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, has developed a state of the art GCM, called MIROC, which participated in past CMIPs. Using MIROC and simulations with other CMIP models, we have carried out several attribution studies, including increasing frequencies of Northern Hemisphere heat waves, Indonesian drought, and Eurasian cold winters over the last decades. I present those examples of the climate change attribution in this presentation, followed by a recent issue of the global warming 'hiatus'. Despite climate change signals being apparent from observations and model simulations, global mean surface air temperature has increased little over the past 15 years, which is contrasting to a rapid increase during the late 20th century. This stall in temperature increase has attracted attention from both climate science community and society. In order to explore the mechanism of the warming hiatus, we performed ensemble historical simulations using MIROC with prescribed surface wind stresses over the tropical oceans. Unlike conventional CMIP simulations, our simulation well reproduced the warming hiatus, suggesting a vital role of the tropical wind changes associated with decadal-scale natural fluctuations. A combined analysis to the MIROC ensemble simulations enabled us to assess relative contribution of the human induced external component and natural variability to the past decadal temperature changes. Current debate on the warming hiatus indicates that our understanding of the climate system, such as the energy budgets, ocean heat uptake, climate feedbacks, and global mean temperature change, is not yet sufficient. I outline these challenging issues for global change, and introduce possible ways for further progress, which include the coming 6th phase of CMIP, ultra-high-resolution global simulation, new measurements with satellites, and use of palaeo records. Tropical and subtropical islands are associated with coral reefs, which provide ecosystem services, including fisheries, tourism and coastal protection. This is especially true to reef islands that are composed fully of reef-derived materials. Both global-scale (climate change) and local-scale (land-based pollution) have been causing significant change on coral reefs. Japan provides an ideal setting to examine these changes, because it covers a wide latitudinal range, stretching from subtropical to temperate areas, and latitudinal limits of coral reefs and coral distributions are observed around the Japanese islands. Seas around Japan showed significant sea surface temperature (SST) rises in winter, which is critical for corals to survive at the latitudinal limits of their distribution. In addition, some islands have significant amount of sediment discharge through rivers as a result of extensive land development. So land-based pollution issues can be examined. In part coral bleaching were by anoma-lously SSTs suggests that rising SSTs would cause higher frequency of bleaching. On the other hand, range expansion of corals was observed around the mainland Japan. We collected records of coral species occurrence from eight temperate regions of Japan along a latitudinal gradient the and detected four species show


BACKGROUND
Salivary gland tumors are a diverse group of uncommon neoplasms that are rare in pediatric patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological profile and survival outcomes of pediatric patients affected by salivary gland tumors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
An extensive search was carried out using the MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus databases, and grey literature. The risk of bias was available in all papers included.

RESULTS
A total of 2,830 articles were initially retrieved with 54 remaining for data extraction, resulting in 2,937 cases. This comprised forty-five case series' and nine cohort studies. These tumors were slightly more prevalent in females (57.4%). The patients' age ranged from 0.3 to 19 years old, with a mean age of 13.3 years. Parotid was the most affected site (81.9%), and 99.2% of cases clinically exhibited a swelling. Presence of pain/tenderness was reported in 13.5% of the cases, with an average duration of 12.6 months for the appearance of symptoms. Most of the reported cases were malignant tumors (75.4%), with mucoepidermoid carcinoma the most common tumor of all tumors (44.8%), followed by pleomorphic adenoma (24.1%). Surgery alone was the leading treatment choice in 74.9% cases and the 5-year overall survival rate of patients was 93.1%. Patients with symptoms (P =0.001), local recurrence (P <0.001), metastasis (P <0.001), and those not undergoing surgery or surgery combined with radiotherapy (P <0.001) showed lower survival rates.

CONCLUSION
The pediatric patients present a high frequency of malignant salivary neoplasms and a high overall survival rate.


The present invention provides a method for controlling an electronic apparatus and progress display apparatus, wherein, the method comprising; obtaining progress of the task execution queue information; a first display mode the display mode execution progress according to the progress of the task queue information for controlling progress of a task and a second switch between the progress display mode, wherein the first mode and the second display progress schedule display modes of different latitudes. The control method of the present invention, the progress of the embodiment shown, the process enables the user to perform the task queue waiting time, the execution always know the status, thereby preventing the user mistakenly believe that the program by executing the program exits death card, improving the task queue the success rate of the implementation of enhanced user experience.


Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate orthodontic appliances, the clinical appearance of gingival tissue and virulence of yeasts isolated in 80 patients. Of these, 40 belonged to the control group and 40 used orthodontic appliances. Material and methods: Yeasts were identified by both classic and automated methods (VITEK 2). Enzymatic activity (proteinases and phospholipases) were determined. Results: Among the 80 patients, Candida spp. was isolated in 27 (64.3%) among those who used orthodontic appliances and 15 (35.7%) among non-users. A statistically significant correlation was determined between the two groups (isolation of yeast in relation to the use of an appliance) (p<0.05 and OR=3.4). Candida albicans was the most frequent isolate (31 isolates), 17 (42.5%) in cases from the orthodontic appliances group and 14 (35.0%) in the control group. A statistically significant association was determined between the clinical appearance of the patients' gingival tissue and the presence of orthodontic appliances (p<0.05). Control group patients were more likely to present clinically healthy gingiva (OR=0.2). Proteinases were present in 100% of the strains from both groups, while for phospholipases, positivity was 22.5% for patients using an appliance and 15.0% for the control group. Conclusion: The use of orthodontic appliances may predispose patients to alterations in the oral microbiota, resulting in greater probability of clinically unhealthy gingiva.


The purpose of this paper is to present background information based on a project completed in February 1982 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Center for Transportation Studies (MIT/CTS) under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The purpose of this project was to develop passenger transportation contingency strategies for implementation at the state and local levels to deal with a sudden interruption in the supply of petroleum in the new environment of price decontrol.


In this article, authors analyze the present situation of construction enterprise information management, and introduce main contents and functions of the Integrated Construction Project Management Information System (PMS) which has been successfully adopted in practical projects. Experiences of development and application of this system are also stated.


The invention discloses a waterproof bag provided with a lock catch unit. The waterproof bag comprises a bag body unit, a top seat unit and a seal cover unit, wherein the top seat unit is arranged on the bag body unit. The waterproof bag is characterized in that the seal cover unit is in interference fit with the top seat unit; the waterproof bag further comprises the lock catch unit arranged on the seal cover unit; the seal cover unit comprises an outer cover which allows the lock catch unit to be arranged thereon and two zippers which are arranged on the outer cover in a manner that the two zippers are spaced and are parallel with each other; the outer cover is provided with a fixing portion arranged on the top seat unit and a cover lifting portion which is partially connected with the fixing portion; and the cover lifting portion can be lifted or closed relative to the fixing portion so that the seal cover unit can be driven. Through fit of the zippers and the lock catch unit, sealing performance can be enhanced, and the waterproof effect can be achieved; and by means of the lock catch unit, a user can open and close the waterproof bag easily.


Background. The problems of teenagers today are so complex and varied. One of the problems faced by adolescents is poor financial management. They are very consumptive in spending their pocket money. This is influenced by the surrounding environment and lifestyle living.
Purpose. The purpose of holding community service activities with the title Accounting training for managing youth finances in Kayugeritan village is to share knowledge about managing finances so that teenagers are not consumptive in meeting their needs in the hope that there will be advantages that can be saved according to their abilities.
Method. The method used in this community service activity is in the form of providing training through the practice of making financial plans.
Results. The result of this service activity is to increase knowledge related to youth financial management. better and able to manage financial expenses by distinguishing which is a  need or just a desire.
Conclusion. They tend to buy goods based on basic wants, not because of their needs. Even though managing finances since adolescence is very important,  there are still many teenagers who have not been able to manage their finances. This can happen because of the psychological aspects of adolescents who are just growing up and the influence of the outside environment.


PART 1 1. Background 2. D.B.: Clinical history and early testing PART 2 3. Reaching for randomly allocated targets 4. 'Presence' versus 'Absence' 5. Visual acuity 6. Movement thresholds 7. Discrimination of orientation 8. 'Form' discrimination 9. Detection with slow rate of onset 10. The natural blind-spot (optic disc) within the scotoma 11. Left versus right eye 12. Detection of direction of contrast 13. 'Waves' 14. Matching between impaired and intact fields 15. Matching within the impaired field 16. Double associations between form and detection 17. Standard situation PART 3 Review of other cases 19. Status, issues, and implications References Author index Subject index


This study aims to examine the enactment of the Ontario Enhanced Teacher Education Program with a focus on inclusive education. Specifically, the study seeks to understand the institutional practices of policy actors including teacher educators, faculty, and teacher education administrators towards preparing teachers for inclusive classrooms in one Ontario faculty of education. The theoretical framework draws from the theory of New Institutionalism (NI) and the notion of 'policy enactment'. The NI theory emphasizes the ways policy actors perceive and enact policies in institutional settings. Data collection includes semi-structured interviews with 10 policy actors in the research site and policy documents related to teacher education and inclusive education in Ontario. Data will also be collected from prospective teachers' artifacts, faculty website, and researcher's reflections after each interview. A qualitative, exploratory, single case study will be used to comprehend how the enhanced teacher education program is being translated into practices related to teaching, practical experiences of prospective teachers, and program development. The significance of the study lies in addressing a new analysis of how an institutional change informs the practices of policy actors towards advancing the preparation of Ontario teachers for the 21 st century's inclusive classroom.


The success of movement detection based on the distance moved in a 2D image sequence depends highly on the angle between a camera's optical axis and the normal vector of the ground plane on which the moving object is traveling. When the same 3D displacement occurs at various positions in the scene, the higher the angle is, the greater the distance observed in the image at a position close to camera differs from (strictly speaking, is larger than) those happening at the far end. As a consequence, a detection failure and/or false alarm may occur if no such 3D geometry is utilized. This paper estimates a 3D ground plane, which is then used to measure the approximate 3D displacement of features being detected and tracked. The 3D distances are therefore available and utilized in deciding whether they are of moving objects or just blinking features caused by illumination changes. FAST points are used to enhance a real-time system. Experimental results show superior performance in tracking: a longer trace of continuous tracking, a higher number of detected moving features, earlier detection, better recall rate, no misses, and no false alarms. A SURF descriptor and FLANN matcher were utilized here, however the robustness was not much enhanced when compared to the expense of finding the best match.


Previous modeling of carbonate subduction by high‐pressure experimentation has allowed to propose scenarios for bulk carbon return to the mantle, but the detailed transfer mechanisms have seldom been studied. We monitored carbonate–silicate reactions by combining high‐pressure experiments and synchrotron‐based X‐ray diffraction. Carbonates break down at moderate pressure and high temperature and CO2 is trapped at grain boundaries. Further isothermal compression yields melting, which may control continuous carbon introduction, first in the mantle wedge, and next, away from the wedge. Carbon presence has been discussed in a variety of magmatic contexts, under the oceanic lithosphere (hotspots, petit spots, and fossil ridges). We suggest the presence of a global carbon‐rich layer under the oceanic lithosphere that is steadily fed by subduction processes. This layer can be the source of mechanical weakening of the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary under the oceans. Therefore, carbon‐induced compression melting may be a key mechanism of modern‐style plate tectonics.


Mems Microrobot applications evolve in ultra-dense contexts. They are at the stage of the simulation to obtain 2-Dimension or shapes for the deployment of individual or collective intelligent programs, and collectively achieve miniaturized and flexible workshops. Now-on, manufacturers and academicians projects are at the stage of modeling and prototyping Mems, and simulating Mems systems applications. To tackle these objectives, addressing individual positioning of Mems inside very dense micro-systems becomes strategic. In many situations, it is more useful to know the relative positioning between Mems and their orientation, than the knowledge of absolute positioning of each Mems. Works achieved on microrobots micropositioning are either stochastic or deterministic. The formers are based on probabilistic approaches, that provides better results on a small scale but produce greater error accumulation with a large sample. The latters are based on geometric considerations to accurately compute the position of each Mems, and then distribute it to all the elements. We propose a model of a smart-grid (orthogonal and hexagonal lattice) of microrobots with regular geometry, and their connectors (actuators and sensors for moves and other actions) communicating by contact. Based on this model, we propose a mixed positioning algorithm (absolute and relative) in 2D without mobility of Mems in a group ranging in size from thousands to millions of items, based only on neighborly relations. Then by simulation we perform a functional validation of our algorithm, and a validation of the scalability of our algorithm on orthogonal grid of over 1 million node.


The most common method for solar cell installation is the inclining mounting method, this method can also be used with the bifacial solar cell. For the installation, its important to understand the properties of light which is entering the back surface of the bifacial solar cell. In this study, we measured the incidence light of the back surface of bifacial solar cell and compared its output power to the common single-surface solar cell to investigate the optimal condition for its installation in terms of (1) tilt angle, (2) height, (3) optimal region and (4) ground surface condition where the panel should be installed.


Abstract : Annual Review of CyberTherapy and Telemedicine (ARCTT) is a peer-reviewed all-purpose journal covering a wide variety of topics of interest to the mental health, neuroscience, and rehabilitation communities. The mission of ARCTT is to provide systematic, periodic examinations of scholarly advances in the field of CyberTherapy and Telemedicine through original investigations in the telemedicine and cybertherapy areas, novel experimental clinical studies, and critical authoritative reviews. It is directed to healthcare providers and researchers who are interested in the applications of advanced media for improving the delivery and efficacy of mental healthcare and rehabilitative services.


Restructuring the Navy Tactical Data System divides the identifying system requirements into functional areas that are further subdivided into smaller independent segments called tasks. Each of the individual tasks is designed to be isolated without interdependency on other tasks. This will allow the modification or replacement of the individual tasks as operational requirements change without affecting other tasks. Each functional area will be supported by a group of tasks that meet the specified operational requirements for that function. Important to the development of the universal program library for all Navy Tactical Data System ships, is the capability to maintain a single source library of tasks written in a host transferable language and a support program that will generate a system tape when a particular NTDS ship class configuration is defined.


The aim of this paper is to clarify Sylvia Plath's theme of criticizingfemale metaphysics functioning as a mechanism of oppression, by analyzingher poem "The Disquieting Muses." Extant feminist Plath studies, in linewith the theories of deconstruction and feminism in general, are based onthe dichotomy of male-oppressors vs. female-victims. But Plath's poeticinsight undermines this polarized gender perspective, exposing and accusingmetaphysics and oppression sustained and practiced by woman.The focus of analysis is on the speaker of the poem denouncing Christianmetaphysics and resisting the mother's "phallic" desire to identify herdaughter's life with, and incorporate it into, her own. Theories of JacquesDerrida's deconstruction and Luce Irigaray's feminism are applied to theanalysis. In the end, this paper illuminates Plath's dream of the desirablefeminine life characterized by an anti-metaphysical aestheticism of enjoyingthe material and bodily sensations of earthly life.


Organizational approaches to managing information systems (IS) professionals have been making headlines as technology-intensive businesses search for ways to cope with an ever-changing economic lan...


A novel wafer-scale semi-automated dry transfer process for monolayer (1L) CVD WS2 was developed utilizing the weakly coupled interface between semimetal (Bi) and two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor (WS2). Bi semimetal serves as a gently adhesive transfer template for 2D materials, introducing minimal additional defects during the transfer process. Based on 2D materials processed using this new transfer method, semimetal-contacted (Bi and Sb) monolayer CVD WS2 nFETs were further demonstrated at wafer scale. Our CVD 1L WS2 nFETs fabricated using semimetal-assisted transfer with semimetal (Bi and Sb) contacts show record high on-current of 250 µA/µm and 243 µA/µm at VDS = 1 V, and record low contact resistance of 0.63 kΩ•µm and 0.73 kΩ•µm, respectively.


Objective: To detect and compare the expression of thrombospondin(TSP),microvessel density(MVD) and erbB4 gene in breast invasive ductal carcinoma of Han and Uygur.Methods: Forth five surgical samples of breast(14 samples from Uygur,31 samples from Han) were examined for TSP,MVD and erbB4 expression by immunohistochemical staining by SP method.Results: Expression of TSP and MVD had no difference among Han and Uygur (P0.05);expression of erbB4 of Han was higher than that of Uygur(P0.05).Conclusion: The erbB4 gene might prompt in breast invasive ductal carcinoma of Han;erbB4 gene may be associated with nationality,but TSP and MVD showed no relationship with the race of Han and Uygur.


It is important for consumers that the disinfectants used in the food processing industry should ensure the quality and microbiological safety of food. It is also important that they should not endanger their health through toxic intermediate products. Consequently, a growth of interest has been observed in alternative disinfectants, including ozone. An ozone molecule, owing to split of the third atom of oxygen, is a strong oxidant and an effective agent in destroying microorganisms. It is used for disinfecting waste and drinking water as well as throughout the food processing industry. Ozone is used for disinfecting equipment, production areas and in the food industry.


Our eye gaze is important during social interactions. It can generate significant social cues in nonverbal communication. The feeling of being look back when we are gazing at someone influences our social behaviour. In this paper, we propose an interactive coffee cup that is responsive whenever a person is fixating on it. Taking the user's gazing behaviour as our system input modality, we want to create an environment where a person may establish social interaction with an everyday object whenever he/she is looking at it. To make an object visible to the user's eyes and for the user to feel connected with the object, it is expected that the object to possess distinctive characteristics that can acknowledge the user that it is aware of being look at. By combining the recent technology of eye trackers, mechanical design and embedded electronics, we want to explore the possibility of nonverbal social interaction between a person and inanimate object that will respond when a person is looking at it to allow social interaction and to create a sense of emotional bond between the two.


Summary: Undergraduate participants who conducted a simulated police investigation were presented with either a child (6years old) or adult (25years old) alibi witness, who was either the son or neighbor of the participant's suspect. Replicating previous research, participants were more likely to believe the adult neighbor alibi witness than the adult son. In fact, an alibi provided by the adult son actually proved detrimental to that suspect, as participants thought the suspect was more likely to be guilty after viewing an alibi provided by the adult son. However, child-provided alibis reduced perceptions of suspect guilt, regardless of that child's relationship to the suspect. The child alibi witnesses were also viewed by the participants as more credible than the adult witnesses. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The high strength aluminum alloy double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens were corroded under the conditions of different liquid propellant environment. After the stress corrosion exposure, the scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersal analyses on corrosion damage were carried out. The corrosion damage sensitivity and the stress corrosion character of the LD10 high strength aluminum alloy in N 2 O 4 , UDMH and 3.5% NaCl corrosion solution were analyzed.


In this paper, a novel compact microstrip fractal patch antenna with uni-planar compact photonic bandgap (UC-PBG) structure is designed. The proposed antenna is suited for multi-band application in wireless network. A new cell of UC-PBG structures for microstrip antennas is adopted to suppress the surface waves and improve the radiation patterns. With a fractal structure, the antenna represents frequency-independent attributes and based on geometrically self-similarity, it can be widely used in the other multi-band application.


High temperature has become a major deleterious factor affecting the production of Pinellia ternata. Here, we report the cloning of two genes that have been confirmed to be involved in the response of P. ternata to heat stress. The expression patterns of stearoyl-ACP desaturase gene and small heat shock protein gene of P. ternata during heat stress at 35℃ were investigated via real-time quantitative RT-PCR, and then the two genes were cloned employing RACE strategy by using the heat-treated materials with peaked mRNA level. The stearoyl-ACP desaturase gene, named PtSAD, was slightly down-regulated within the first four hours of heat stress and up-regulated whereafter, and reached a peak level 48 h later. The small heat shock protein gene, named PtsHSP, was up-regulated since the 4 th h of heat stress, with a peaked mRNA level at the 72 nd h. The full length of PtSAD gene (GenBank Accession JQ390410) was 1595 bp containing an open reading frame (ORF) of 1185 bp. The full length of PtsHSP cDNA (GenBank Accession JQ390411) was 852 bp containing an ORF of 468 bp. In silico analysis indicated that both PtSAD and PtsHSP are stable hydrophilic proteins. Our study would be helpful for uncovering the functions of PtSAD and PtsHSP, further facilitating us to understand the responses of P. ternata to heat stress.


ABSTRACT This article analyzes a Taiwanese learning experience about the U.S. Civil Rights Movement, launching an educational project with 18 Taiwanese high school students to discuss their understanding of race, racism, and social justice. The rationale of analyzing the student participants' comments rests on critical race theory. After analysis, this study found that Han ethnocentrism functions as a hidden identity and value system to influence the student participants to respond to racial issues. Han ethnocentrism caused the participants focusing on the racial experiences in Han groups and narrowed their understandings to the world. However, the result of this research also indicated that with a proper introduction, participants were willing and capable of developing racial sensitivity and affirmative attitudes about social justice toward minorities in Taiwan, such as Taiwanese Aboriginals and Southeast Asian migrant workers.


Oscillatory instabilities of a basic state, a translation and re ection invariant periodic steady state and a doubly periodic, re ection invariant steady state in two-dimensional, anisotropic systems of PDE's are considered. When doubly periodic boundary conditions selected in accordance with a linear stability analysis are imposed, the PDE's can be reduced to normal forms for equivariant Hopf bifurcations with the symmetries O(2) O(2), Dm O(2) and Dm Dn. The group theoretical classi cation of the basic periodic normal form solutions is reviewed in a coherent manner for the three symmetry groups. In the rst case, the normal form solutions translate directly into wave patterns whereas in the second and third cases also the dynamics of phases along the group orbits of equilibria have to be considered. Depending on the symmetries, the phases can be at rest, oscillate about a xed phase or rotate in which case we nd a modulated wave. Computational aspects concerning the derivation of the phase equations are discussed and a system of amplitude equations is derived that generalizes the basic normal form to account for spatial modulations.


This letter shows a computationally inexpensive delay compensation algorithm for series-connected insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). The algorithm adjusts the relative turn-off delays among series-connected IGBTs based on the measured clamp capacitor voltages. Experimental results show that the capacitor voltage differences are compensated in a few iterations, making it suitable for delay compensation of industrial series-connected IGBTs.