Residential existing building energy efficiency program designs have proliferated over the past several years as attention has shifted to retrofitting existing homes. Designing whole house programs has been particularly problematic and a number of program designs have been attempted. This paper will review a number of program design models created by utilities, states, and Department of Energy Better Buildings awardees and assess the nature of the incentives, applying a taxonomy for incentive description. Publicly posted program descriptions and incentives for 26 residential programs attempting to achieve whole house retrofits were reviewed and analyzed. A primary consideration for whole house programs is the need to scale up quickly to meet goals set by Total Resource Cost (TRC) test constraints for utility and other programs. This puts considerable downward pressure on requirements for whole house savings depth and rapid market launch. As a result, programs are prevented from investing in training and mentoring of installers and service providers. (Knight, L. & S. Lutzenhiser 2006) Programs that match up well with the existing marketplace delivery systems find it hard to generate retrofits that could be considered whole house and installations will generally address only the scope of a single trade, HVAC, building envelope, etc. Using the developed program incentive taxonomy, options for creating programs that pull service providers into offering whole house solutions through a staged incentive process ("stepping up") will be described, and example incentives that fit various stages of the process will be drawn from the program database. Anecdotal examples of programs and service providers making these transitions in delivery type and business model changes will also be provided.


On several counts, Esther is the strangest book in the Bible. Few of those who read it realize what a variety of curious problems it presents, and how little has been done toward solving them. As a preliminary to the following study, a few of the most troublesome questions raised by the book may be briefly stated.


The article is an afterword to the first publication of the archive text of Russian philosopher Semion Frank entitled Chaadaev. Frank delivered this lecture in 1930 in Berlin University, but his interest to Chaadaev appeared at the beginning of the 20th century. In particularly, he intended to publish the Collected Works of Chaadaev edited by Gershenson during his stay in Saratov. Also in emigration Frank, sharing Chaadaev's love to truth and the Fatherland, proclaimed his creativity.


Crossing geographic borders is only the first step in the migration trajectory. Refugees face other social, economic and legal borders within the destination country. Morocco has become a host country for Syrians; this situation emerges from the geographic location of Morocco. This article analyses how Moroccans perceive the advent of a constantly increasing number of Syrian refugees in the light of all problems facing the country and what are the measures taken by the Moroccan state to protect refugees' rights in Morocco. The study was therefore conducted around two dimensions; the first was legal, through exposing adopted policies and legal arsenal reforms aiming the protection and integration of refugees. The second was sociocultural that analyzes the reactions of Moroccan citizen towards the reception of Syrian population


The main meaning of so-called "fishing expedition" refers to the situation which the litigant does not specify the theme of the evidence, but hopes the court to find out. Then the litigant can raise new issues or make new claims based on the facts that the court has grasped through the "fishing expedition". There are some debates on whether the "fishing expedition" should be accepted in civil procedure. There are also some issues of exchange of evidence, investigation of the court and proof preserving system.


Negative moods play a major role in the consumer decision making process. When people experience the negative moods, they are tends to self–alleviate their negative moods to maintain their regular life. The different mood-alleviative behavior has different aspects that can alleviate particular negative moods partition. The belief in the connection between compensatory consumption and negative moods seems well-warranted. Our study tries to connect different symptoms between negative moods and compensatory consumption, and infer if consumer experiencing different negative moods will lead to different product and consumptive behavior tendency. This study uses qualitative case study, based on purposive sampling and snowball sampling, interviews 21 female consumers, to find out when female consumers experienced different negative moods, what symptoms will their consuming behavior have, how their mentation variate, whether the different negative moods will lead the consumer to consume specific product types. The research concluded several proposition. First, if compensatory consumption occurs, then the behavior has the mood-alleviative symptoms. Second, if compensatory consumption is led by negative moods, then the compensatory consumptions consuming behavior and products that compensatory consumed will have specific characteristics can be corresponded to the tripartition of negative moods. Last, if consumers feel powerlessness, and company with negative moods, then the consumers will be more possible to practice the compensatory consumption. The research also found out that when consumers are practicing compensatory consuming behavior, the consumers will try to reason their consumption, and to ease their feels of guilt. Above all, different negative moods lead to specific compensatory consumption. If enterprises can communicate, explore, control or even produce the moods of consumers, then enterprises would rise the interaction with consumers, and reinforce the relationship between products and consumers.


Isolating barriers between sympatric interfertile species are maintained by processes that occur within their hybrid zones. Although the effects of intrinsic selection on hybrid fitness are well known, less is understood about extrinsic fitness variation. At Tiryal Da¤›, NE Turkey, Rhododendron x sochadzeae Charadze & Davlianidze (R. ponticum L. x caucasicum Pall.) forms large populations in which neither segregation nor backcrossing occur, in habitats intermediate between those of its parents. Using singlecopy species-specific RAPD and ISSR markers, it was determined that all R. x sochadzeae plants are F1s, and that there are many separate genets present. Through hand pollination experiments, it was determined that R. x sochadzeae plants can produce viable F2 seeds or backcrosses in either direction. Therefore, all non-F1 hybrid derivatives appear to be eliminated at Tiryal Da¤› due to post-germination selection. However, adult backcrosses can and do recruit in large numbers in different habitat conditions at another site. From this, the selection that favours F1s over BCs at Tiryal Da¤› must be habitat-mediated. We have concluded that strong habitat-mediated selection is most likely maintaining species barriers at Tiryal Da¤› by eliminating hybrid generations subsequent to F1. Similar forces might occur in other hybrid zones, but may be countered by additional effects that increase fitness in post-F1s, or restrict the formation and/or fitness of F1s. We suggest that the superior fitness of F1s might be due to gene complexes that confer tolerance to specific habitat conditions in each parent that break up after the F1 generation. A simple mathematical model is provided, that describes how an F1 might thereby outcompete subsequent generations at all points along a habitat gradient.


The database is built around reports written by Business Monitor International's in-house team of analysts. The database is international in scope and covers more than 175 countries. The amount of coverage varies by country, and in some cases a single report covers multiple countries in a region, such as the Middle East. Occasional special reports cover broader regions or global markets. Coverage is most extensive for emerging markets. Reports are written for senior decision makers and synthesize a great deal of information into 50 to 60 pages. The database content comes from BMI's three main services: country risk, company intelligence, and industry research. The country risk service includes the largest number of countries and features risk ratings for more than 135 of them. The company intelligence service has profiles and company news whereas the industries service covers 14 major industries. Each service features news that is updated daily. There is also a data download section that includes demographic, macroeconomic, and industry data that can be exported to Excel. This includes historical data from as early as 1990 and forecasts, which range from 5 to 25 years. The country risk service combines daily news briefs with detailed analysis that is updated quarterly or monthly. Quarterly reports have Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analyses of political and economic conditions, political and economic risk ratings, and review current conditions. These reports feature 10-year forecasts of macroeconomic conditions that are updated regularly. Monthly reports are produced for some regions and countries. These summarize important developments and highlight BMI's current analysis.


Various fault modeling methods have been proposed for tackling the problem of increasing test-data volume of contemporary. The test pattern generation by random fault injection does not produce efficient results. So, the proper fault modeling becomes important since the deep sub micrometer devices are expected to be increasingly sensitive to physical faults. For this reason, fault-tolerance mechanisms are more and more required in VLSI circuits. So, validating their dependability is a prior concern in the design process. fault injection techniques based on the use of hardware description languages offer important advantages with regard to other techniques. First, as this type of techniques can be applied during the design phase of the system, they permit reducing the time-to-market. Second, they present high controllability and reach ability. Among the different techniques, those based on the use of saboteurs and mutants are especially attractive due to their high fault modeling capability. However, implementing automatically these techniques in a fault injection tool is difficult. Especially complex are the insertion of saboteurs and the generation of mutants. In this paper, we present new proposals to implement saboteurs and mutants for models in VHDL which are easy-to-automate, and whose philosophy can be generalized to other hardware description languages. Keywords— Hardware Implemented Fault Injection (HWIFI), single event upsets (SEUs), Unidirectional Serial Saboteur (USS), N -Bit Unidirectional Serial Saboteur (nUSS)


The eye surgeries using laser are procedures that need to be conducted with high precision. In these surgeries the laser acts as a heat source, heating and injuring the tissue. This process of bioheat transfer is an important phenomenon, since healthy adjacent tissues to the operated regions can experience thermal damages. The mathematical model of heat transfer in tissues is based in Pennes' equation and the respective numerical solution is provided by the finite volume method. The tissue thermal injury is quantified by a damage function. A Gaussian laser beam is studied and its attenuation follows the Beer-Lambert law. Three times of laser application are evaluated, considering a constant heat source. The Differentiated Evolution and the Particle Swarm optimization methods are used. The performance of each method is analyzed for different kind of acceptability of the thermal damage.


System for determining the drive-through possibility of a vehicle comprising: a map information output means (M1) for outputting map information as a collection of several, a road section performing nodes (N) a vehicle position detecting means (M2) for detecting a position (P) of the vehicle on a map, a road shape determining means (M11) for determining the shape of a road based on a (P) lying node from the vehicle position (N) and a drive-through possibility determining means (M8) for determining whether the vehicle can pass the front of the vehicle nodes (N), based on the determined road shape, wherein the road shape determining means (M11) comprises: a first determination means (M3) for determining whether the node (N


In this paper, we focus on one of the most challenging tasks in temporal information retrieval: detection of a web page publication date. The natural approach to this problem is to find the publication date in the HTML body of a page. However, there are two fundamental problems with this approach. First, not all web pages contain the publication dates in their texts. Second, it is hard to distinguish the publication date among all the dates found in the page's text. The approach we suggest in this paper supplements methods of date extraction from the page's text with novel link-based methods of dating. Some of our link-based methods are based on a probabilistic model of the Web graph structure evolution, which relies on the publication dates of web pages as on its parameters. We use this model to estimate the publication dates of web pages: based only on the link structure currently observed, we perform a ``reverse engineering'' to reveal the whole process of the Web's evolution.


A small, stoichiometric name for a commercial gas chromatographic-flame photometric detector has been investigated using a variety of main group and transition elements. It was highly successful for the determination of most of the organometallic compounds, improving detection limits in almost all cases.


Since the late nineties, in Wales, food scandals (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) y Foot-and- mouth disease (FMD) have highlighted the serious problems of commoditization in a context of low cooperation between farmers and differences in the food supply chain which has depressed producer prices. The support of organic farming as a tool of agricultural policy has reconnected producers and consumers. Cambrian Foods or Black Mountain Foods are success experiences which are using important elements of geographical knowledge through farmer markets and box schemes to promote local food chains. However, continue to dominate the global supply chains (Tesco or Sainsburys among others) clearly oriented towards deterritorialized commodities transaction. Geographic knowledge is a branch in the study of Geographies of consumption, approach developed by the British school which is related with the analysis of spatial dynamics that are generated in the production-circulation- consumption of


This paper examines the influence of religion on College students choice and is based on the proposition that adherence to a particular religious faith significantly influences shopping behaviour.


In the present investigation, novel poly(amide-imide) (PAI)/titanium dioxide (TiO2) bionanocomposites were prepared via ultrasonic irradiation process using TiO2 nanoparticles modified by γ-aminopropyltriethoxyl silane. Optically active PAI containing L-isoleucine natural amino acid was synthesized in tetrabutyl ammonium bromide/triphenyl phosphite mixture and used as a polymer matrix. The nanostructure characterization results confirmed that the surface of TiO2 nanoparticle has sufficient compatibility with PAI through the link of the coupling agent between TiO2 and polymer. Through TEM photographs, it can be found that the surface modified TiO2 nanoparticles with nanodiametric size of less than 40 nm, uniformly dispersed in the PAI matrix.


Medical academics have strongly opposed plans to move the point of registration with the General Medical Council to graduation from medical school.

The plans were first proposed by the UK wide Shape of Training review, led by David Greenaway, vice chancellor of Nottingham University, and have been supported by Health Education England.1

Delegates at the BMA's conference of medical academic representatives in London last week supported a motion that "strongly" opposed the move. The motion …


Power amplification circuit (300) with: - a power amplifier (172) for amplifying an input signal to produce an amplified signal; and - a peak average detector (180) which is connected to an output of the power amplifier (172), wherein the peak to average detector (180) detects a peak level of the amplified signal and an average power of the amplified signal; - wherein the power amplification circuit (300) being characterized in - that the peak to average detector (180) comprises a difference detector (182) for providing an indication of a difference between the peak level and the average power; - that a control unit (184) is provided, which is connected to the peak to average detector (180) and a network (174) having variable impedance, wherein the control unit (184) displaying the difference between the peak level and the average power the amplified signal and generates a load control signal; and - that the network (174) having variable impedance is connected to an output of the power amplifier (172) and the control unit (184), wherein ...


The pair theory of many-boson systems is used to obtain a weak-coupling expansion for the ground-state energy to third order in the coupling constant. The relationship of this expansion to the formal RayleighSchroedinger perturbation expansion is discussed, with particular reference to the relationship between the divergent third-order term in the formal perturbation expansion and the terms of 5/2 and third orders in the correct weak-coupling expansion. The excitation energy is discussed and it is pointed out that the lowest-order "nonpair" correction to the phonon energy is of the right order of magnitude to cancel the spurious energy gap of the pair theory. (auth)


An evaluation system called the associative rule memory (ARM) that operates with an interactive or automatic planner in a robot-based world, such as the world of the NASA Flight Telerobotic Servicer (FTS), is described. The ARM is constructed from a neural network model called a Boltzmann Machine, and ranks alternative robotic actions based on the probability that the action works as expected in achieving a desired effect. The system is experience-based, and can predict the probability of achieving a desired effect for robotic actions that have not been explicitly tested in the past. The ARM is designed to quickly and efficiently find high probability of effect for robotic actions for a given desired effect. This paper details the construction of the ARM for the NASA FTS robotic environment. Examples are also provided that demonstrate the use of the ARM within a current NASA symbolic planning system.


The existence of global entropy solution for nonlinear and inhomogeneous elastodynamics equations.A prior L~∞estimates of viscosity solution is derived with the help of the theory of invariant regions. By using the vanishing viscosity method together with compensation compactness theory,the convergence of viscosity solution is obtained.


We have operated CO2 mini-TEA lasers sealed off and obtained lifetimes in excess of 107 pulses. In addition, it should be possible to fabricate these lasers to obtain shelf lives of ten years.


Point, line, surface, light and shadow, color and volume are the basic art elements that form everything that we see or touch. They form the artist's vocabulary and to know them allow us to perceive and comprehend in a deeper way what was created. As the artistic work is also the portrait of the creator, we can use these basic elements as keys to open the doors to the soul and the internal landscape of a person, who might be a patient or a pupil. To know and understand these six art elements can enlarge teachers and therapists' resources.


Optimization Studies on Thermal and Mechanical Manufacturing Processes for Multifilament Superconducting Tape and Wire. (August 2003) Burak Basaran, B.S., Osmangazi University, Turkey; M.S., Gazi University, Turkey Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. Mustafa Yavuz Dr. Peter M. McIntyre There are many parameters that significantly affect the electrical performance of ceramic-core superconducting composite wire and tapes, which remain ambiguous and require more labor on their optimization. BSCCO 2212 has not been paid the attention and investment it deserves. In this regard, all optimization efforts were made for BSCCO 2223. In our work, a practical and inexpensive manufacturing method, thermally and mechanically optimized for Pb doped BiSrCaCuO 2212 superconducting multifilament (38 filaments) wires and tapes, was successfully employed. Optimized parameters can be classified under material, mechanical (deformation) and heat treatment (thermal) subgroups. Parameters involved with materials included investigation of deformation behavior of two different sheath metals; pure silver and 0.02% magnesia dispersion reinforced silver alloy. Pb doped BiSrCaCuO 2212 ceramic superconductor powder, the other source of material related parameters, was synthesized following the "Thermal Codecomposition or Wet Mix" method. Fabrication of mono and multifilament wires with Oxide Powder in Tube (OPIT) method followed next. Optimization of drawing deformation was practiced to achieve the best ceramic grain alignment and smoother ceramic powder core/metal sheath interface in order to avoid "sausaging" in wires. Rolling of the wire products into tapes by following different deformation regimes was the other manufacturing stage of the project. Variable and constant reduction-per-pass deformation paths were employed to reveal their effects on our composites with distinct


With the development of computer and network technology, traditional way of examinations because of too many artificial proportion, has become increasingly unsuited to the modern teaching demands. In this paper, used the popular B/S structure, combined with the MVC pattern in Java EE platform, used Apache Tomcat server, MySQL database technology, designed a suitable test database, utilized improved genetic algorithm to achieve automatic test paper, combined JavaBean and Session technical etc. to complete the automatic scoring and evaluation functions. Used the database connection pool to establish efficient connections, utilized regular expressions for user authentication, used Ajax technology to achieve partial-page refresh functions, the design fully reflected the superiority of the Java EE platform.


This study analyzes the bureaucracies of the Chosun and Ching dynasties from a cultural perspective. In particular, it attempts to locate continuities with the present through analyzing the social and cultural backdrops of the respective systems. The commonalities between the Chosun and Ching Dynasties are that they are centralized systems, and both emphasize compassion, maintaining 'face' and relationships, misalign authority with responsibility, and may lead to corruption through pulling strings for promotion and the use of gifts and bribes. However, differences do exist. First, the Ching dynasty was a system of centralization and equal shares. In order to consolidate the emperor's power, Jun Ji Chu(軍機處) was established, secret messages sent to the emperor, functions of remonstrance and check were mitigated, Chinese Gentry(紳士) and scholars were controlled and a merit based civil service exam, and service checks and evasion policy were utilized. However, the principle of equal shares was upheld, and the authority of central and local bureaucrats was expanded. In particular, as local bureaucrats'(督撫) possessed intelligence, human resource and financial authority (including the military), the administration system became more distributed and independent. Secondly, the Ching Dynasty focused on capabilities. A large portion of those who passed the civil servant exam were commoners and a fixed portion were compulsorily allotted for the service check. Also candidates were selected to be trained as working bureaucrats and they were to compete with one another for promotion and in this process 'guanxi' took effect. Moreover, a degree of equality between the superior and the subordinate was visible. Third, processes of division and integration took place. The expansion of local authorities including the local bureaucracy, interest-seeking by Chinese Gentry, average culture, and corrupt officials prompted division and then integration under a new power. As for the Chosun Dynasty, first of all, the system of centralization and rank prevailed. Centralized power and order was established systematically and implemented through personnel administration including the civil exam, systems allowing officials to take multiple positions and banning officials to be stationed at a specific location or take positions that they were affiliated with, term of position, evaluation of merits, and praise and censure. However, actual authority was not concentrated around the king, but instead, mostly endowed upon bureaucrats. Also the bureaucrats themselves used their rights of remonstrance to check the king. However, it took power struggle and dispute in order to justify a system of checks and balances. Secondly, a rank system based on ancestry was established. The rank of yang ban was passed down and people were segregated according to where they came from. Also the people who passed the civil exam were mostly the children of bureaucrats or belonged to specific clans. In addition, lineage and faction took effect in the recommendation of candidates, evaluation of merits, and promotion. Homogenization and segregation based on ancestry(출신) prevailed and office hunting took place, while there was a stringent system of rank between superiors and subordinates.


The paper starts by generally presenting the phenomenon of global warming and ozone layer depletion, in a strong correlation with the dynamics of natural variability of the climate. Fluorinehydrocarbons of anthropic origin (ex.: chlorofluorocarbons – CFCs, hydrochlorofluorocarbons - HCFCs) directly participate in the apparition and increase of both types of pollution at a planetaryscale. The depreciation of stratospheric ozone layer is accompanied by acid rains. R22 is the cooling agent used in the system analyzed in this paper and is a part of HCFC category. In thiscontext, a retrofit study case, for R22 used in the air conditioning refrigeration systems by analyzing the TEWI factor for alternatives mixture proposal, is presented. EU regulations (ECRegulation 842/2006 and Regulation 1005/2009) have a significant impact on the usage of refrigeration and air conditioning systems. Thermodynamic properties were done using the Refpropsoftware and the TEWI factor was determined according the standard SR EN 378-1. Climate changes, specifically the warming climate, could have a significant impact on the environment.Energy efficiency is a direct link to global warming and greenhouse gas emissions.


In the context of risk assessment and loss prevention in chemical process industries,the term domino effect denotes 'chain of accidents',or situations when a fire/explosion/missile/toxic load generated by an accident in one unit in an industry causes secondary and higher order accidents in other units.Domino effect is a major cause of severe accidents in chemical industry.Combining with achievements in domino effect,the quantitative risk assessment model based on domino effect was presented,which included assessment process,transmission probability,threshold distance calculation,accident frequency with domino effect and consequence analysis.As a case study,a domino effect evaluation of gasoline tanks was presented.The results showed that the method was suitable for quantitative risk assessment of domino effect,which can give better results of risk assessment,and support the decision of government and enterprises for accident control and prevention.


Introduction: Orofacial cleft are one among the most common congenital anomalies in children. There is a wide range of syndromes with orofacial cleft. Aim: Aim of this study to identify associated syndromes among children with orofacial cleft. Methods: Prospective observational study was done in pediatrics with orofacial cleft. Clinical examination and presence of associate anomalies were assessed with Echo cardiogram, USG abdomen. CT brain/ X-ray were done for required cases. Results: 4 recognized syndromes were found among the 23 cases of orofacial clefts with associated anomalies. Conclusion: Orofacial cleft most commonly associated with musculoskeletal, CNS, CVS anomalies. Early antenatal diagnosis of these syndromes may help to plan treatment and follow up.


Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare congenital skeletal disorder, whose estimated prevalence is one per about two hundred thousand persons. In this article, a very rare occurrence of bilateral middle cerebral artery aneurysms complicated by CCD was reported. An 87-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with gait disturbance. Head CT revealed left insular hematoma and left Sylvian subarachnoid hemorrhage, and CT angiography revealed bilateral middle cerebral artery aneurysms. On visiting our department, she presented with dysmorphic facial appearance and skeletal anomalies. She was diagnosed as CCD by X-ray and bone image 3DCT. We suspected subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ruptured left middle cerebral artery aneurysm, and performed neck clipping of the left aneurysm. But, the intraoperative finding showed a non-ruptured aneurysm. The post-operative course of the patient was satisfactory, and she was recovered up to the premorbid ADL level and released from the hospital. An extensive literature search has revealed only one case of cerebral artery aneurysm complicated by CCD. Therefore, our case was considered as a very rare. (Jpn J Stroke 40: 205–209,


The utility model discloses a novel combined cycle steam turbine protecting system, which comprises an open-loop control system, a closed-loop control system, a protecting system and a remote control module, wherein the protecting system carries out communication transmission of data signals respectively with the open-loop control system and the closed-loop control system in a packet mode; the protecting system comprises a controller with the response speed of 8ms; and the remote control module is connected with the protecting system and is used for being externally connected with signals needing protection. The signal is transmitted by a DB block without a hard wire so as to avoid the extra work load of running maintenance; the response speed of the controller selected by the protecting system is 20 ms faster than the previous response speed; the remote control module is added to provide a basis for connecting other signals into the protecting system and make the functions of the protecting system more complete.


Liver interstitial dendritic cells (DCs) have been implicated in the control of ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) and host immune responses following liver transplantation. Mechanisms underlying these regulatory functions of hepatic DCs remain unclear. We have shown recently that the transmembrane immunoadaptor DNAX‐activating protein of 12 kDa (DAP12) negatively regulates mouse liver DC maturation and proinflammatory and immune stimulatory functions. Here, we used PCR analysis and flow cytometry to characterize expression of DAP12 and its associated triggering receptor, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), by mouse and human liver DCs and other immune cells compared with DCs in other tissues. We also examined the roles of DAP12 and TREM2 and their expression by liver DCs in the regulation of liver IRI. Injury was induced in DAP12–/–, TREM2–/–, or wild‐type (WT) mice by 1 hour of 70% clamping and quantified following 6 hours of reperfusion. Both DAP12 and TREM2 were coexpressed at comparatively high levels by liver DCs. Mouse liver DCs lacking DAP12 or TREM2 displayed enhanced levels of nuclear factor κB and costimulatory molecule expression. Unlike normal WT liver DCs, DAP12–/– liver DC failed to inhibit proliferative responses of activated T cells. In vivo, DAP12–/– and TREM2–/– mice exhibited enhanced IRI accompanied by augmented liver DC activation. Elevated alanine aminotransferase levels and tissue injury were markedly reduced by infusion of WT but not DAP12–/– DC. Conclusion: Our data reveal a close association between DAP12 and TREM2 expression by liver DC and suggest that, by negatively regulating liver DC stimulatory function, DAP12 promotes their control of hepatic inflammatory responses; the DAP12/TREM2 signaling complex may represent a therapeutic target for control of acute liver injury/liver inflammatory disorders.


We develop an iterative algorithm for computing the approximate solutions of mixed quasi-variational-like inequality problems with skew-symmetric terms in the setting of reflexive Banach spaces. We use Fan-KKM lemma and concept of-cocoercivity of a composition mapping to prove the existence and convergence of approximate solutions to the exact solution of mixed quasi-variational-like inequalities with skew-symmetric terms. Furthermore, we derive the posteriori error estimates for approximate solutions under quite mild conditions.


The proliferation of location-based social networks allows people to access location-based services as a group. We address Group Optimal Sequenced Route (GOSR) queries that enable a group to plan a trip with a minimum aggregate trip distance. The trip starts from the source locations of the group members, goes via a predefined sequence of different point of interests (POIs) such as a restaurant, shopping center and movie theater, and ends at the destination locations of the group members. The aggregate trip distance can be the total or the maximum trip distance of the group members. We introduce a novel approach to efficiently compute group optimal sequenced routes in road networks. We exploit elliptical properties to refine the POI search space and develop efficient algorithms for GOSR queries. Experiments show that our approach outperforms a naive approach significantly in terms of processing time and I/Os.


Beclin1 is the mammalian orthologue of yeast Atg6/vacuolar protein sorting-30 (VPS30). Beclin1 interacts with various biological macromolecules like ATG14, BIF-1, NRBF2, RUBICON, UVRAG, AMBRA1, HMGB1, PINK1, and PARKIN. Such interactions promote Beclin1-PI3KC3 complex formation. Autophagy is blocked in apoptosis owing to the breakdown of Beclin1 by caspase whereas autophagy induction inhibits effector caspase degradation, therefore, blocks apoptosis. Thus, the Beclin1 is an essential biomolecular species for cross-regulation between autophagy and apoptosis. Various studies carried out in neurodegenerative animal models associated with aggregated proteins have confirmed that multifunctional Beclin1 protein is necessary for neuronal integrity. The role of Beclin1 protein has been investigated and was reported in various human neurodegeneration disorders. This chapter aims to provide an insight into the role of Beclin1 in the development of neurodegenerative disorders.


This study focuses on comparing the quality of online deliberations that have the same deliberation process, concept and discussion topics but use different net-based technologies. For this, a web-based forum (WBF), a social networking site (SNS) and a 3D virtual world were chosen as research areas. Discussions regarding Turkey's public issues were examined by using the rationalistic and ethical criteria that come from the studies of Jurgen Habermas. Techniques of quantitative content analysis and survey were employed for data collection. Findings suggest that instead of actions that are oriented toward the common good, competitive actions directed towards success are more commonly observed. Although it is difficult to say which media is more qualified to support deliberative public discussions, the WBF stands out in terms of justification and reciprocity, whereas the 3D virtual environment Second Life stands out in terms of principles of discursive equality, reciprocity and respect.


.Background: After the TPLF/EPRDF took over power in 1991 it incorporated to its home region of Tigrai many fertile regions from Wello and Gondar. Thus the fertile Humera region near the Sudanese border was merged into Tigrai. Since then, the ruling regime has tried to displace the locals and replace them with settlers from Tigrai. The Present : Socepp has received reliable reports both from Gondar and Khartoum that more and more Welkait locals have been internally displaced to Gondar and forced into exile into the Sudan. Immigration officers in Khartoum report an increasing number of Welkait refugees crossing into the Sudan. Most are farmers whose lands have been taken over b the ruling regime's agro industrial companies and by Tigrean settlers. This is yet another gross violation of rights by the Meles Zenawi regime and SOCEPP condemns it with vigor.


RESEARCH organizations of paper and food industries have known for many years that some types of paper food wrappers and containers are decidedly unsuitable for packaging perishable products. One of the chief objections to these materials is their deficiency in sanitary qualities consistent with food standards. The making of paper for such a perishable and easily contaminated product as milk has definitely established the public health significance of paper manufacture. The author has previously referred to the excessive development of ,microorganisms in pulp and paper mill systems and to the need for effective sanitary control in the manufacture and handling of paper destined for dir,ect contact with foods. Through the cooperation of manufacturers and converters of container board for paper milk bottles with public health authorities, the fundamental sanitary condition of the paper container is being subjected to critical investigation. Meeting the challenge to its claim for a major position among containers for such perishable foods as


In this paper an attempt has been made to estimate unknown population mean in systematic sampling. We have derived the conditions for the parameters under which the proposed estimators perform better as compared to the usual mean estimator and other existing estimators. An empirical study is also carried out in support of our result using a real population data set.


Islam took root in the Malay Sultanate kingdom when trade flourished through the Straits of Malacca and the South China Sea. Islamic teaching was accepted by the locals and Islam became the country's official religion. Islam has been assimilated in the way of life of the Malays, including the physical built environment of its cities. However, after colonisation, many of the Malay town structure had changed tremendously following the western planning. Remnants of the Malay-Islamic state footprint can still be traced in the town of Kuala Terengganu. This paper aims to establish the urban design principles influenced by the Islamic values which are embedded in and characterised in Kuala Terengganu. Employing a qualitative method, secondary and primary data (observation using photography) were collected. Content analysis were conducted on the observation data, archival documents, historical literatures and morphological study on Kuala Terengganu Town and triangulated with the literature on principles gathered from the characteristic of Islamic cities. The findings revealed that Kuala Terengganu has similar characteristics to other Islamic cities however it is translated in the local context. The comparison revealed fifteen Urban Design principles related to the Malay-Islamic Town of Kuala Terengganu that are well-assimilated and embedded within the local culture, geography and climate for the reference of future city planners.


To test the hypothesis that the tripeptide glutathione (γ-glutamylcysteinylglycine) might function as a free-cysteine buffer in adequately nourished birds, we measured liver and muscle glutathione concentrations early and late in the 8-h overnight fast of molting and nonmolting white-crowned sparrows. During molt-when the overnight requirement for cysteine in keratin synthesis is greatest-liver glutathione concentration early in the overnight fast was greater than that during the pre- or postmolt stages, and the overnight loss of glutathione was greater than that in the postmolt stage. Liver glutathione concentration remained constant overnight or increased slightly during the premolt stage. Variation in muscle glutathione paralleled liver glutathione except that concentrations in muscle were greatest during the postmolt stage. These results suggest that glutathione pools in the liver and muscle of adequately nourished birds (1) could serve as a buffer that accepts or donates cysteine as required by the exigencies of supply (feeding bouts) and demand (intervals between feeding bouts) and (2) may have a homeostatic role in protein synthesis.


Assigning nursing staff to specific duties according to their contract, qualifications, skills, etc. within a working environment characterised by multi-disciplinarity and statutory regulations is problematic. Factors involved in making effective assignments include individual and corporate procedures, guidelines and constraints. Manual rostering commonly proceeds through a process of reasoning in which a number of consecutive stages occur to progressively refine and repair the work schedule. This paper discusses an approach to nurse rostering, using a strategy of distributing the computational effort required in the scheduling process. The technique involves a hybrid approach that devolves responsibility for different aspects of the problem to a heuristic component and a constraint solver. In the pre-processing stage, the staff to be rostered are treated as semiautonomous agents, each with individual responsibility for their initial assignment, and communicating with a global constraint satisfaction agent. This has proved to be intuitive to build and effective in use.


This report details the collaborative project between the
Author, Zenit Design AB which is performed on behalf of
the bluetooth speaker manufacturer, Orlo AB. The Project
is divided in two parts, where the first aims to identify a
new market where Orlo's technical expertise will benefit
the user in a unique way and the secondary part is about
designing a speaker for the said market.

Several potential markets are identified through analysis
and among all candidates, Hotel Rooms are chosen as
the definite field of work. Hotels in Lund and Malmo
are visited to learn more about the needs of hotels and
their guests. The findings from these visits are used as
foundation in a brainstorming session that results in wide
range of potential concepts. These concepts are visualized
and evaluated through sketches and quick mock-ups.

Ultimately, it's decided to proceed with a wall
mounted speaker concept. The Design phase is set up
by Orlo providing the necessary technical specifications
requirements and combining these with thoughts on how
to protect the speaker from being stolen and preventing
mis-usage and disturbance amongst the guests. Competitor
speakers are then studied from an aesthetic point of view,
with the intention to learn what has already been done
and not. Finally, several inspiration boards are used to
frame the different visual aspects of the project, such as
how to work with forms, materials and color e.g.

The Actual design phase is initiated by experimenting
with different forms with the set volume of one liter. One
of these shapes are chosen for further work and developed
through several stages to the final design. Parallel to the
overall design process, smaller topics such as in-depth
thoughts on wood and coating processes, working with
meshes, branding the product and incorporating visual
feedback through lighting are discussed too. Lastly, the
concept is finalized through the development of the inner
components such as the orifice and manifolds.


The ability to direct the gaze to optimal areas in the environmental context, at the appropriate time, is central to success in all sports. The aim of this study was to changes determine the elements of QE, during the run a reactivity launcher targeting skill, under different environmental demands. That was done to identify perceptual - cognitive effects performance-based infrastructure processes. Thus, 8 Athletes (22-28 Years old) with at least 5 years' experience in dart throwing, in a counterbalanced manner performed under four target conditions of constraints environmental. Regulatory conditions (stationary/in motion) and inter-trial variability (present/absent) created four target conditions for reaction. During the run a launcher targeting skill and was continuously recorded characteristics related to gaze behavior in each scenario. In each condition, 10 trails 20 seconds conducted. Gaze behavior using an eye-tracking device Dikablis Professional Wireless model recorded and analyzed using DLab software information processing system and variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures. Results showed that there was significant between averages QE in four different environmental contexts (P≤0.001). The fastest QE onset was observed stationary – no inter-trial variability and QE offset and QE period belonged


Aiming at the problem that YOLOV3 is not ideal for aerial target detection, an improved target detection algorithm based on YOLOV3 is proposed. Firstly, improve the feature extraction network Darknet53,ResNext residuals module was used to replace the ResNet residuals module to optimize the convolutional network structure. The detection scale was expanded from 3 to 4, SSP structure and DIOU loss function were introduced to improve the positioning accuracy. Without affecting the detection speed, the improved YOLOV3 algorithm can effectively improve the detection accuracy of small target objects in the aerial perspective and reduce the rate of missed detection. Verifying on the Visdrone data set, the improved YOLOV3 algorithm is superior to YOLOV3 in detection accuracy and better robustness. Experimental results show that the average accuracy of the improved algorithm proposed in this paper reaches 93.45% on the data set, and the mean average precision (mAP) is 2.81% higher than that of the original YOLOV3 algorithm.


ABSTRACT What was and is the real function of the stirring up religious hatred offences in England and Wales? I canvass five possible explanations. In the end I come down on the side of a pluralistic explanation that combines the public order explanation and the client politics explanation in conjunction with the parity of protection explanation. I reject both the sop explanation and the anti-terrorism explanation.


The purpose of this study is to explore how the collectivism of Koreans has changed or has not changed. Through in-depth interviews and FGI with the older and new generations, keywords that express Korean collectivism today were discovered. First, the collectivism of Koreans is defined as 'selective collectivism', which is based on a more compact group consisting of self-selected members rather than a given group as before. Second, with the development of technology, online collectivism, in contrast to offline collectivism, emerged. Online collectivism is based on communication using online technology, and is characterized by horizontal relationship based on anonymity and 24-hour connectivity that transcends time and space. Third, the most important factor that composes Korean collectivism was found to be 'Cheong', which was recognized as an unchanged aspect of collectivism. Lastly, for Koreans, the group is closely related to self-identity, and for this reason, Koreans are obsessed with the sense of belonging to the group membership and the relationship with the members. The implications and limitations of the study were discussed. ■ keyword :∣Collectivism∣Online Collectivism∣Korean Culture∣Cheong∣Relationship∣ 접수일자 : 2020년 10월 29일 수정일자 : 2020년 11월 17일 심사완료일 : 2020년 12월 01일 교신저자 : 이재원, e-mail : email@example.com 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 '20 Vol. 20 No. 12 594


Far from being a neutral point of transition between inner and outer body, skin is inscribed with layers of politicized associations. A primary signifier of racial identity, it is also a visible marker of hybridity and crosscultural/racial mix. It may thus be the site of masquerade when passing for a privileged racial group. Given the historical legacy of skin as determinant of privilege/inferiority within body politics, skin colour forms a fulcrum around which identities are constructed. As such, it has been/is a site upon which racial power is commonly enacted. The skin surface bears traces of racially based punishment: a history of whipping, branding or rubber bullet wounds might be inscribed on the skin as scars or welts. Skin forms a screen on which the body's ability to heal itself is revealed, while simultaneously registering its inevitable demise. As a site of visible deterioration, skin holds particular currency for westernized women, and (increasingly) men, as this signifies the nemesis of the western ideals of slimness and youth. This article will explore how, particularly for westernized women, skin might be a site onto which dualities such as submission and resistance, excess and control are played out in relation to these ideals. This text will touch on how skin, as a register of the body's margins, could be considered as a site of cultural, political and personal control, agency and contestation for westernized women. Selected artworks from the exhibition Skin: Surface, Substance and Design (2002) curated by Ellen Lupton at the Cooper Hewitt Design Museum, New York City, will be referenced in order to explore ways in which contemporary artists have articulated these concerns. Several artists/designers featured in the Skin exhibition propose skin as being akin to an external fabric, which might be crafted in ways that mimic the fabrication of femininity according to the dictates of the heterosexual, white male gaze. For many westernized women, skin becomes akin to an external/internal garment that might be materially (through cosmetic surgery procedures such as liposuction) or metaphorically fashioned, altered, perfected and possibly discarded. Tissueengineered skin, currently intended as a means by which to manufacture living replacement parts for Skin Aesthetics


ABSTRACT The University of Florida (UF) George A. Smathers Libraries is one of 19 institutions that participated in an Ithaka S+R Research Support Services investigation of agricultural sciences. The authors conducted a qualitative analysis of research support services based on one-on-one semistructured interviews with 15 faculty of the UF Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences in 2016. A number of core themes emerged from the analysis of research practices in the local study at UF. Core themes included finding appropriate literature, data management issues and tools, repositories for sharing research products, and research dissemination. This report summarizes a subset of these results, focusing on themes related to academic library services that support agricultural scholars research needs.


There are several grounds on which to evaluate and certain ways in which to recommend this translation of Ernst Jungel's 1932 essay. One is its particular value both philosophically and politically...


A portrait of Col. Hugh B. Moore in Army uniform. The portrait has no background, but is mounted in the center of tan cardboard stock mat with an embossed stamp in the lower right corner reading "Photographie Victor Hugo 130 Avenue Victor Hugo." The folded cover paper has a round stamp affixed on the front which reads "Rancoule, Paris, 130 Av. Victor Hugo." The portrait was apparently taken in Paris, France during Col. Moore's service on General Pershing's staff.


While companies participating in a global market benefit from the reduction and removal of barriers between national borders, the language barrier still persists. To be successful, they need to identify and address their internal and external communication requirements. Sales volume in exports can be significantly increased for companies with the right strategy for multilingual communication, whereas failure to localize and communicate in multiple languages can lead to lost revenue. In particular, buyers of costly products and services ask for information in their own language, and as more and more companies react accordingly, consumers become even more demanding. At the same time, delays in product introduction due to slow localization processes reduce profitability over the product life cycle. The issue of language strategy therefore moves to the executive level, but since language-related tasks are usually not part of their core business, companies mainly rely on language service providers (LSPs). These employ native speakers of the respective target languages with the relevant linguistic know-how, processes and technology. Leading LSPs operate on an international level themselves and have state-of-the-art solutions in place, which can be used both by translators and by the client. Compared to internal language service departments, the use of LSPs can lead to cost reductions of up to 50%. Right at the beginning of the communication production cycle, professional copywriters can author original texts based on a briefing by the client and their own research. While clients usually have the domain expertise in-house, their staff might not have the writing skills required to produce sophisticated annual reports or brochures, especially as companies today also need to find linguistic differentiators for their services and products vis-à-vis their competitors. In addition, readability aspects should be taken into account when writing an original text to make it clear and easy to understand for the target audience. In some areas there are even regulatory policies and norms that have to be complied with, e.g. the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID) regarding the capital market in Europe, or EU norms for patient information leaflets in the pharmaceutical industry. To increase readability, software-based statistics and the know-how of language experts can be combined, which also provides for optimized conditions for better and faster translations. Dedicated terminology management to ensure consistent and accurate use at the content creation stage helps reduce costs later in the process, since detection and correction of errors generates more effort with every additional language involved. Clientand domain-specific terminology databases (TDBs) containing translations, definitions and other information can be used by the client's employees as a reference and for internal communication, as well as by translators. During the translation process, translation memories should be employed to look up past similar translations and store the new ones for later reference. When creativity and cultural aspects are key to reach a target audience, as in marketing and advertising, transcreation experts recreate the message in another language rather than translating it. [EAMT May 2010 St Raphael, France]


It is proved that simple groups G\-2(q) of Lie type are uniquely determined by their order components. Theorem 1\ Let G be a finite group, M=G\-2(q). If OC(G)=OC(M), then G≌M.\;Theorem 1 generalizes the following theorems:\;Theorem 2\ Let G be a finite group, M=G\-2(q). If \;(1) |G|=|M|;\;(2) π\-e(G)=π\-e(M);then G≌M.\;Theorem 3\ Let G be a finite group with Z(G)=1, M=G\-2(q). If N(G)=N(M), then G≌M.


ABSTRACT This parliament saw two controversial government proposals: to ratify the Five Articles of Perth which introduced Anglican-style ceremonies into church worship, and to introduce a new tax on interest payments. A rare division list survives. It shows the split to have been partly regional: opposition was concentrated in Scotland's central belt, with government supporters in the more conservative northern and Border regions. The most important division, however, is that between 'court' and 'country'. These concepts, familiar in English history, are shown to be applicable to Scotland. An earlier argument that government faction was responsible for the division is shown to be mistaken. The ideological divide, which persisted until after 1638, has implications for our understanding of the events of the 1640s both in Scotland and in England.


Summ a ry The effect of phosphorous (80kg P ha·1; P80) or potassium (70 Kg K ha·1; K,0) alone or in combination (Pso K70) on growth. nitrogen (N) status and nodulation of Centrosema mocrocarpum and Cemrosema oculi/alium were investigated in a pot experiment. Spec ies wise C. macrocarpum as compared to c.aculifolium not only gave higher shoot, root and total plant dry matter (DM) yield, but also had a OM yield response to fertilize r applications consistently. Although the fann er compared to the latter species was lower in plant N concentration due to a dilution effect as a result of higber dry matter yield, the 10tal plant N yield was also higher. N status of C. macrocorpum also improved more than that of C.ocutifolium in response to fertilizer applications. With a ll fertilize r levels. C. macrocarpllm had higher nndule numbers with sign ificantly higher overall harvest mean. Comparing the different ferti lizer effects, Pso was clearly and consistent ly superior 10 K 70 in all parameters tested except in N concentrat ion which was diluted due to the higher dry matter yield with pso. Comparing between Pso and PSOK70> the latter was higher only in total OM y ield while Pso was superior in total plant N concentration and nodule numbers indicating the significance of P over K. It can be concluded that C. macrocarpum was the better species and considering the economic aspects as well, Pso seems to be the best fertilizer.


The X-band Delta-Differential One-way Range is first formally used
in Chang'E-3 spacecraft, and will be continually used for other Chinese
future deep space navigation. We have carried out researches on each
DOR tone using local correlation method which is quite different from
the conventional VLBI correlator. The CE-3 signal interferometry processing
is completed with this method. High precision Delta-DOR group delay
and radio source correction are obtained for orbit determination.
The phase noise of local correlation is significantly smaller than
that of the VLBI conventional correlator. The ephemeris from local
correlation is about 20 m different from the precise ephemeris of
CE-3 project, and the corresponding equivalent residual delay is about
0.4 ns. Experiment result shows that local correlation is more suitable
for weak signal processing, and it can be used for the future Chinese
lunar and other deep space exploration projects.


GEOLOGY
Seafloor is created at mid-ocean spreading ridges and is consumed (back into Earth's mantle) at subduction zones. The age of the ocean floor increases away from ridges, and crust from 180 million years ago (Ma) is still exposed in the western Pacific Ocean. The rate of creation reflects heat


SAXS, 129Xe NMR and PALS were used to interrogate the relationship between the structure, free volume and physicochemical properties of ionic liquid mixtures.


In Japan, older adults account for the highest proportion of the population of any country in the world. When large-scale earthquake disasters strike, large numbers of casualties are known to particularly occur among seniors. Many are physically or mentally vulnerable and require assistance during the different phases of disaster response, including rescue, evacuation, and living in an evacuation center. However, the growing number of older adults has made it difficult, after a disaster, to quickly gather information on their locations and assess their needs. The authors are developing a proposal to enable vulnerable people to signal their location and needs in the aftermath of a disaster to response teams by deploying radar reflectors that can be detected in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite imagery. The purpose of this study was to develop a radar reflector kit that seniors could easily assemble in order to make this proposal feasible in practice. Three versions of the reflector were tested for detectability, and a sample of older adults was asked to assemble the kits and provide feedback regarding problems they encountered and regarding their interest in using the reflectors in the event of a large-scale disaster.


With the acceleration of the globalization of the world economy, Walmart has always led the retail industry and continuously develops new industries. But Walmart's development is not smooth sailing. This paper has extracted some successful experiences in Walmart's growth process, and the strategies adopted in difficulties and put forward some suggestions on a plan based on the analysis of the status quo. This paper is divided into two parts to analyze Wal -Mart's market strategy. First of all, the first part introduces the industry cycle in detail, the integration of the upstream and downstream industries and successful experience, and uses Pestle to analyze the challenges of entering the Indian market and uses SWOT to analyze the current situation of Walmart. In the second part, the financial reports and data analysis of the financial comparisons among industrial peers in terms of liquidity, profitability, efficiency, and solvency and the strategic plan of Walmart in recent years.


The shift in frequency of lines of the 2–0 band of HCl and of the ν1+ν3 band of C2H2 due to the presence of krypton and xenon as foreign gases has been measured. A marked J dependence was observed. The relative shifts in the upper and lower states of the transitions were calculated from the shifts in the Δ2F″(J) and Δ2F′(J) values obtained from the measured line shifts. In the case of HCl the shifts in the rotational levels were markedly different in the upper and lower states, the upper state shift being proportional to J, while the lower‐state energy‐level shifts approach an asymptotic value for high J. For C2H2 the shifts in both levels resembled the shift in the lower state of HCl.


Abstract In this paper, we propose an adaptive optimization technique to solve large scale optimization problems for nonlinear systems composed of multiple interacting agents. The framework is based on the concept of cooperative optimization where each agent addresses a specific local optimization problem that requires information from some or all other agents. An inexact penalty function method is used to solve the overall cooperative optimization problem. The closed-loop follows an adaptive gradient flow that leads to the tracking of local critical points with guaranteed transient performance.


James VanDerZee was one of the great American photographers of the 20th century and the leading African-American photographer of his day. This survey of his work includes his late portraits, as well as many of his best-known photographs and some new discoveries. There are also two revealing essays, one by Deborah Willis, author of "Black Photographers, 1840-1988", which shows how VanDerZee used his artistic powers to shape a collective image of his world, and a biographical text by Rodger Birt that tells the story of the discovery of VanDerZee by the world outside Harlem in 1969.


ABSTRACT The present examination of idealized maternity in Holocaust literature opens by suggesting that Mark Anderson's observation about the disproportionate presence of child victims in popular representations of the Holocaust can be extended to mothers. The perceived vulnerability and innocence of women and children highlight Nazi brutality, placing the Holocaust within a reassuring narrative framework wherein the line between victims and perpetrators is unproblematic. Such a narrative has often been perceived as inappropriately sentimental and as potentially obscuring the complexity of the event. However, the present article demonstrates that in the texts it explores – Olga Lengyel's Five Chimneys (1946) and Isabella Leitner's Fragments of Isabella (1978) – the maternal ideal not only serves to illustrate the horrifying brutality of the Holocaust, but becomes an aid in the retrospective production of meaning in the face of overwhelming trauma. The article construes the deployment of the maternal paragon as a palliative device in Holocaust memoir. It also hints at the wider role motherhood assumes as a textual proxy, which facilitates the confrontation of the more challenging emotional and epistemological issues presented by the Holocaust.


In this paper, an intelligent mask with EPM7256AETC144-10 core is designed. The mask has the functions of judging, alert and counting of wrong conditions. And the mask has been used in practice to increase the electromagnetic compatibility of electronic products. It can help the operator to fit screws on the shield strictly by prescribed sequence. Through this, the performance of products is improved obviously. Hardware description language VHDL and graphic editor are used to programme. The program are compiled and simulated by MAX+PLUS II application. After testing, the performance of the designed mask is steady and the functions needed in production process are preferably accomplished


Objective To analyze the Cost-effect of small cell lung cancer by drug economics.Methods 55 patients of small cell lung cancer were devided into 3 groups,CAV,PE and GP scheme,we evaluated the cost and effect based on drug economics.Results The effectiveness rate of CAV was 50 %,the cost of CAV was 340.76 yuan(RMB),the cost of 1 % increasing of effectiveness rate was 6.82 yuan(RMB);The effectiveness rate of PE was 71.9%,the cost of PE was 755.26 yuan(RMB),the cost of 1% increasing of effectiveness rate was 10.5 yuan(RMB);The effectiveness rate of GP was 85.7%,the cost of GP was 12 372.04 yuan(RMB),the cost of 1% increasing of effectiveness rate was 144.36 yuan(RMB).Conclusion PE is the most reasonable chemotherapy scheme for small cell lung cancer.


Document summarization and visualization techniques take into account important aspects of information retrieval process. They have a great impact on several dimensions of user information perception and relevant information recognition. In this paper we propose a novel summarization strategy to add terms semantically related to the keywords extracted from a single document using a semantic content analysis approach, ontologies, metrics for semantic similarity measure and information visualization. These additional information are extracted from a general knowledge base. The obtained keywords are visualized by means of a bag of words called Semantic Cloud. We evaluate the efficiency of our strategy using a standard test set document collection and we present some user centered experimental results together with a document summarization example.


In this paper, an AC-DC converter with similar efficiency at 110 V and 220 V AC input voltages (60 Hz) is proposed. To achieve this goal, a voltage selector "SS" and two flyback converters were interleaved with a special arrangement of four transformers. The motivation is because in AC-DC converters with universal input voltage, efficiency is degraded for the lowest voltage (110 V). This occur due to the fact that the current flow through the devices is twice as high as the higher voltage (220 V). In summary, the proposed converters have the following characteristics: high power factor at 110 V and 220 V; high frequency isolation that allows weight and volume reduction, similar efficiency in both input voltages and division of voltage and current efforts in the devices. In this version of the paper, the simulation results for output power of 1 kW, input voltages of 110 V/ and 220 V and output voltage of 250 V, are presented.


New measurements of photoionization cross-sections from the 7p 2P3/2 excited state of potassium near the first ionization threshold are presented using a two-step laser excitation/ionization technique in conjunction with a time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer. The absolute values of photoionization cross-sections have been determined as (3.52  ±  0.52) Mb, (2.21  ±  0.33) Mb, (1.35  ±  0.22) Mb and (0.54  ±  0.08) Mb at four ionizing laser wavelengths; 1064 nm, 643.61 nm, 532 nm and 355 nm respectively whereas the number density has been determined as (1.6  ±  0.31) × 1010 cm−3. The presently measured experimental values of photoionization cross-sections are in good agreement with the literature experimental and theoretical values.


Purpose - Despite the importance attached to the governance of family businesses, few studies have focused on the importance of family business governance in the Moroccan context. This article provides some specificities of family firms and an overview of main governance mechanisms identified in the literature while presenting the main contributions of agency and stewardship theories. We introduce a governance approach centered on the issue of strengthening family ties and increasing the commitment of family members to the firm. The purpose of this paper is to identify the governance mechanisms adopted by CEOs of Moroccan family businesses of the second generation.

Method - the authors used a qualitative method, using face to face semi-structured interviews among ten CEOs of family businesses in Morocco. Through the analysis of verbatim responses of Moroccan CEOs, we were able to identify some of the governance mechanisms they adopt to ensure a certain continuity of their business.

Findings-The results suggest that most of the Moroccan managers opt for an informal and unwritten system of governance. According to them, the important thing is to share values and vision while maintaining communication. Even family meetings remain informal, the crucial thing is to preserve family solidarity, as far as the system of governance is known by all the members. We have identified three informal governance mechanisms, family meetings, task management, and sharing a family vision. The results have also shown some of the sources of conflicts among family members.

Practical implications – This paper helps to raise awareness among Moroccan leaders on the importance of governance. Whether formal or informal, it is essential to have common rules shared by family members, which will enable the firm to last over time.

Originality - This paper contributes to research on family businesses by exploring a different context especially in terms of culture and country values. Our paper has the originality to focus on a specific area of investigation, namely the Moroccan context, where the management model of family businesses is different from anterior contributions.


By using the metallacarborane [Co(C2B9H11)2]-, [1]-, as a doping anion, PPy materials can be made 300−500 mV more resistant to overoxidation. These materials are written as PPy/[A] to indicate a noncovalency between the anion and the PPy and have a clear overoxidation resistance limit, ORL, so that once this is surpassed the material becomes permanently nonelectroactive or dead. On the contrary if [Co(C2B9H11)2]- is chemically bonded to pyrrole through a spacer and then is copolymerized with pyrrole the resulting material, PPy−[1sp], has an electroactive behavior similar to PPy/[A] so that once an apparent ORL is reached the PPy−[1sp] becomes electroinactive but, very importantly, in few hours recovers the electroactivity. The situation is so attractive that even in the case that the overoxidation threshold was surpassed the system would react to restore itself. In this paper we demonstrate that [1]- not only enhances the overoxidation resistance but that, if grafted to the PPy strand, the applied voltage...


Abstract In this article, we give a bound for the wild ramification of the monodromy action on the nearby cycles complex of a locally constant étale sheaf on the generic fiber of a smooth scheme over an equal characteristic trait in terms of Abbes and Saito's logarithmic ramification filtration. This provides a positive answer to the main conjecture in [24] for smooth morphisms in equal characteristic. We also study the ramification along vertical divisors of étale sheaves on relative curves and abelian schemes over a trait.


St Kitts forms one of the northern group of volcanic islands in the Lesser Antilles arc. Eruptive products from the Mt Liamuiga centre are predominantly olivine + hypersthene-normative, low-K basalts through basaltic andesites to quartz-normative, low-K andesites. Higher-Al and lower-Al groups can be distinguished in the suite. Mineral assemblages include olivine, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, plagioclase and titanomagnetite with rarer amphibole, ilmenite and apatite. Eruptive temperatures of the andesites are estimated as 963–950°C at fO2 NNO + 1 (where NNO is the nickel–nickel oxide buffer). Field and mineral chemical data provide evidence for magma mixing. Glass (melt) inclusions in the phenocrysts range in composition from andesite to high-silica rhyolite. Compositional variations are broadly consistent with the evolution of more evolved magmas by crystal fractionation of basaltic parental magmas. The absence of any covariation between 87Sr/86Sr or 143Nd/144Nd and SiO2 rules out assimilation of older silicic crust. However, positive correlations between Ba/La, La/Sm and 208Pb/204Pb and between 208Pb/204Pb and SiO2 are consistent with assimilation of small amounts (<10%) of biogenic sediments. Trace element and Sr–Nd–Pb isotope data suggest derivation from a normal mid-ocean ridge basalt (N-MORB)-type mantle source metasomatized by subducted sediment or sediment melt and fluid. The eruptive rocks are characterized by 238U excesses that indicate that fluid addition of U occurred <350 kyr ago; U–Th isotope data for mineral separates are dominated by melt inclusions but would allow crystallization ages of 13–68 ka. However, plagioclase is consistently displaced above these 'isochrons', with apparent ages of 39–236 ka, and plagioclase crystal size distributions are concave-upwards. These observations suggest that mixing processes are important. The presence of 226Ra excesses in two samples indicates some fluid addition <8 kyr ago and that the magma residence times must also have been less than 8 kyr.


ABSTRACT The E-Resources and Metadata team of the University of Guelph Library have recently been motivated by multiple factors to undertake a massive review and revision of their workflows and accompanying documentation. This presentation explored their motivations for the task, as well as the principles and goals they used to guide their efforts. The presenters gave updates on the progress made so far and outlined future plans.


The most time consuming and tidies job is preparing a data set for analysis using table joins, blending and various queries. The traditional aggregations (SQL) have various limitations because the outcome is one column per group (aggregated group). Due to this, data sets are prepared manually, where ever horizontal aggregation is required. Horizontal aggregation is known as new class of functions, which is required in various data mining algorithms. This paper discussed various fundamental methods to evaluate horizontal layout ( aggregation) such as SPJ with relational algebra operators, CASE using some programming CASE structures and PIVOT using some DBMS operators


Cu-based micro-temperature detectors were fabricated using femtosecond laser reduction of CuO nanoparticles. Cu-based microstructures were directly created by laser scanning on a CuO nanoparticle solution film. Cu-rich and Cu2O-rich microstructures were selectively formed to electrically connect two Cu thin-film electrodes for use in temperature detectors. Cu-rich and Cu2O-rich micro-temperature detectors were fabricated at scanning speeds of 500 and 1000 µm/s, respectively, at a pulse energy of 1.2 nJ. The temperature coefficient of resistance values of the Cu-rich and Cu2O-rich microstructures were positive and negative, respectively; these temperature behaviors are typical of metal and semiconductor materials, respectively.


This study investigated the ecological characteristics of Coreoperca herzi at Jaho stream from September 2018 to August 2019. This species inhabited riffle and midstream of the stream, where the riverbed structure was mostly covered with cobble and pebble. The depth of the habitat was 32-157 ㎝, and the velocity of stream fast at 0.64±0.28 (0.32-1.28) m/sec. The gender ratio of females to males was 1:0.95. The age according to the frequency analysis of total length indicated that the group with 42-80 mm in total length was one year old, the group with 80-130 mm was two years old, the group with130-200 mm was three years old, and the group over 200 mm was four years old. The total length of sexually mature fishes was 65 mm for females and 70 mm for males. The sexually mature individuals grown in nature had a smaller total length than those reared in a laboratory. The spawning season was from May to late July, and the water temperature was 18.4-26.4℃ during the period. The prosperous spawning season was from May to June, and the water temperature was 18.4-21.8℃ during the period. The average number of eggs in the ovaries was 462 (151-919) per mature female, and the matured eggs were yellowish and spherical with a mean diameter of 2.31±0.33 (1.93-3.10) mm. Calculation length-weight relation of Korean aucha perch showed the constant a as 0.00002 and b as 3.01, condition factor (K) as 1.76 (1.01-2.63) on average, and the slope was a positive value of 0.0005.


Objective To explore the personalized clinical care methods for epistaxis patients. Methods Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 15 cases with epistaxis who lived in Panjiang Coal(Group) Company Huopu Mine Hospital from July 2008 to December 2010.There were 11 male patients and 4 female patients, the patients ages were 18 to 71 years old, average age was(42.51±16.26).Epistaxis including hypertensive epistaxis 7cases,traumatic epistaxis 5 cases,intractable epistaxis 3cases.Summarized the clinical nursing intervention measures and care points of different epistaxis. Results After active treatment and care,the 15 patients were all discharged and satisfied with nurses work of the author's hospital. The hospitalization time was between 4 and 6 days, average(4.66±0.48)days. Conclusion Epistaxis is a common clinical symptom,routine care includes condition observation, bleeding amount estimate,psychological care,dietary care and health education.In addition,base on the different situations of patients,nurses should offer different personalized care.


This study aims at conducting a comparative study on the potential economic effects of trade liberalization of the RCEP consisting of 10 member states...


Summary One of the major parts of tourist shopping is the purchasing of souvenirs as presents for people. There are many motives for souvenir purchasing that seem to be influenced by the culture and customs of a society. This study attempts to bring light to the various social and cultural factors influencing the purchasing of souvenirs by tourists in Japan and Korea, to make predictions about tourists' souvenir-purchasing behavior in the future, and present keys to the sales promotion of souvenir goods. The results of the analysis show, as a common point, both Japanese and Korean tourists use souvenirs as a means of supporting a relationship with others, although some differences may exist in "what," and "how" souvenirs should be given.


Marketing channels and margins were analyzed in the production chain of starchy corn (Zea Mays l.) In the province of Chachapoyas, interviewing 71 producers of starchy corn, 8 wholesalers and 14 identified retailers; distributed in the markets of Yerbabuena, Asunción, Pipus and Chachapoyas. The type of descriptive research was used, with a random sampling study, using the Kruskal-Wallis test for data analysis, because there was no significant normality in the data to make a comparison of means. The commercialization channels identified were two, the first: amylocean corn producer, wholesaler, retailer and final consumer; the second: amylocean corn producer, retailer and final consumer. In addition, the profitability was determined in the marketing channels, with the retail merchant obtaining a better profitability with a 21.98% much higher than the other links in the production chain. The producer's participation in the productive chain is 62.76% and that of the intermediaries of 37.24%. Finally, at a confidence interval of 99%, the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Hi) is accepted and it is concluded that the marketing channels of starchy corn do not differ significantly with the marketing margins of starchy corn.


A team of scientists from Shanghai set about preparing and conducting ETiK-International study in China. This article describes the formation of the team and their preparations for conducting the project carried out so far. The paper also contains an extensive description of the works on modifying the tests and adapting them to the Chinese social and cultural context.


We report on gate-all-around (GAA) n- and p-MOSFETs made of 8-nm-diameter vertically stacked horizontal Si nanowires (NWs). We show that these devices, which were fabricated on bulk Si substrates using an industry-relevant replacement metal gate (RMG) process, have excellent short-channel characteristics (SS = 65 mV/dec, DIBL = 42 mV/V for LG = 24 nm) at performance levels comparable to finFET reference devices. The parasitic channels below the Si NWs were effectively suppressed by ground plane (GP) engineering.


New deterministic, path-sensitive approaches to tracking and control are presented that will provide assessments of on-time as well as within-budget completion, taking into consideration the critical path. Project management and control with earned value analysis (EVA) is first investigated for validity. EVA is well-accepted as a technique for performance measurement of projects during execution. Even so, limitations are found and catalogued for projects of all sizes. From those limitations, improvements are proposed, such improvements taking the form of simple heuristics involving paths. The improvements are tested and found to have validity.


CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) is expressed early during the adipocyte differentiation program and plays an important role in this process. In an attempt to identify novel proteins that interact with C/EBPβ, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen with a preadipocyte cDNA library and identified a new co-regulator, delta-interacting protein A (DIPA). DIPA mRNA is expressed during adipocyte differentiation of clonal cell lines. DIPA interacts with C/EBPβ and -δ proteins in intact cells and inhibits their transcriptional activity but not that of C/EBPα. Stable overexpression of DIPA in preadipocytes partially inhibits adipocyte differentiation, whereas its gene silencing enhances this process. DIPA and C/EBPβ co-localize in the nucleus, and overexpression of DIPA in preadipocytes results in a partial inhibition of the mitotic clonal expansion which is critical for differentiation. Thus, DIPA is a novel partner of C/EBPβ that down-regulates early events of adipogenesis.


In the field of photovoltaics, a luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) refers to a device that is used as a large area solar radiation collector, which then converts and emits radiation and directs it to solar cells that are located at the small side area of the LSC. However, a transparent luminescent solar concentrator (TLSC) is a new approach for collecting only solar radiation that is invisible to the human eye and utilizing it for energy generation as illustrated in Figure 1. This approach is an attractive solution to address the energy demands of buildings and mobile electronics without affecting their appearance [1]. As illustrated in Figure 1 the basic design of TLSC is a luminescent material that is embedded into a transparent waveguide. A portion of the solar spectrum is absorbed by the luminescent material and this energy is then emitted at a different wavelength. Some of this emitted radiation is then trapped inside the waveguide due to internal reflection and is directed towards the edges of the TLSC where the energy can be converted into electric power by the use of solar cells [1].


Crime a ff ects people's decisions in carrying out economic activity. This study aims to analyze the influence of several crime typologies and non-crime variables on per capita Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) and identify the existence of spatial dependencies of per capita GRDP in Indonesia. The study used cross section data with the Spatial Lag Model (SLM). The results show that there is a negative spatial autocorrelation in per capita GRDP. Murder and labor a ff ect GRDP per capita negatively. Meanwhile, fraud, embezzlement, and corruption; local government expenditure, life expectancy, domestic investment, and foreign investment a ff ect per capita GRDP positively per capita GRDP.


Abstract The adsorption of argon, nitrogen, and oxygen on an aluminium foil has been determined by a gravimetric method. The purpose of the investigation was to obtain data at high saturations for comparison with the Frenkel-Halsey-Hill equation describing multilayer adsorption. The isotherms obtained indicate that this equation is obeyed closely for the three gases. Apparent deviations in the case of argon and oxygen can be ascribed to anomalous packing in the first few atomic layers and allowance can be made for this effect. The verification is discussed in terms of the theoretical basis for the equation. Data is also given for the cross sections of the argon and oxygen molecules in the first atomic layer. It is suggested that these cross sections are considerably greater than values calculated from the corresponding bulk density. The magnitude of the standard nitrogen cross section is also discussed.


The construction industry is reportedly over reported of construction cost spillover greatly due to cost indeterminacy. The subsisting methods of unit rate pricing in the industry are either determinate on ad.hoc basis (analytical pricing) or predictive (cost modeling). The literature cited in this paper showed that cost models used in the industry are spurious. Most of the models attempts to respond to whole building cost from inception to completion with a single formula. This paper argues that on the basis of the units of measurement of the various building elements, a holistic cost model for pricing a complete building cost is a near impossibility. Rather, cost model on the basis of each work item is idealized. Accordingly, this paper responded by generating a unit rate cost model for concrete Grade C25 (Reinforced concrete containing dense aggregate) in mix ratio 1:2:4 – 20mm Aggregate. This was done by abstracting and decomposing the relevant cost data and using productivity study by time and motion to determine the various outputs for materials and labour. These were subsequently applied as co-factors to the cost data to derive the unit rate cost. The paper concludes that the model enjoys flexibility of further mathematical treatment if any of the variable is constrained and recommends that other work items should be modeled if the cost of a building must be known and this model should be used to justify contractor's tender for concrete cost.


Abstract. Ion-exchange process is one of the most common techniques used in glass waveguide fabrication. This has many advantages, such as low cost, ease of implementation, and simple equipment requirements. The technology is based on the substitution of some of the host ions in the glass (typically Na+) with other ions that possess different characteristics in terms of size and polarizability. The newly diffused ions produce a region with a relatively higher refractive index in which the light could be guided. A critical issue arises when it comes to designing such waveguides, which is carefully and precisely determining the resultant index profile. This task has been proven to be hideous as the process is generally governed by a nonlinear diffusion model with no direct general analytical solution. Furthermore, numerical solutions become unreliable—in terms of stability and mean squared error—in some cases, especially the K+−Na+ ion-exchanged waveguide, which is the best candidate to produce waveguides with refractive index differences compatible with those of the commercially available optical fibers. Linearized finite-element method formulations were used to provide a reliable tool that could solve the nonlinear diffusion model of the ion-exchange in both one- and two-dimensional spaces. Additionally, the annealed channel waveguide case has been studied. In all cases, unprecedented stability and minimum mean squared error could be achieved.


Aims Our objective was to collect tree-ring data of Sabina przewalskii and analyze the effects of elevation and aspect on tree growth.Methods We collected tree ring samples from four sample sites that differed by elevation and slope aspect on a continuous mountain slope of Hebei Forest Farm in southern Tongde County,eastern Anymaqen Mountains,Qinghai Province.We analyzed relationships among the four tree ring-width chronologies using correlation and Principal Component Analysis(PCA) and made simple correlation function analysis between tree-ring width index and climate factors by Dendro2002 software.Important findings Tree-ring chronological eigenvalues indicated the upper three sites had similar variation,but differed from the low-elevation chronology.Correlations among chronologies and results of PCA showed there was change along the altitude gradient.Correlations between tree-ring index and mean temperature in current June-August trended to increase,and the upper treeline was mainly determined by mean temperature of current July and August.There were significantly negative correlations between tree-ring index of the low sampling sites and temperature of prior November and current June and significant positive correlations between tree-ring index of the low sampling sites and precipitations of prior August and current May.Compared to the usual situation of tree-growth at lower elevation limits being constrained by precipitation results indicated an enhanced role of temperature and a reduced role of precipitation.Slope aspect played an important role in the growth of S.przewalskii along the elevation gradient.


A bstrAct Introduction: Slow maxillary expansion is a common procedure for space gain in orthodontics. It has been used to correct maxillary transverse deficiencies. Several appliances, such as NiTi Palatal Expander-2 (NPE-2) and Quad Helix have emerged as some of the efficacious expanders. This finite element study was aimed at evaluating the stress distribution and displacement of skeletal, dentoalveolar, and dental units using Quad Helix and NPE-2 on a dry human skull. Aims and objectives: The aim of the study was to compare three-dimensional stress distribution and displacement of skeletal, dentoalveolar, and dental units using Quad Helix and NPE-2. Materials and methods: CT scan images of maxilla, Quad Helix appliance and NPE-2 were generated and converted to geometric model and then into finite element model for analysis. The expansion force was kept constant at 350 g for NPE-2 and 398 g for the Quad Helix model. Results: Maximum stress was seen from canine-to-molar region in cortical bone and between central incisors in cancellous bone with both the appliances but the magnitude of stress generated was more with Quad Helix. Stress generated in PDL was more with Quad Helix as compared with NiTi expander-2. Expansion achieved with Quad Helix was greater as compared with NiTi expander-2.


Objective: This study examine the prevalence, characteristics and associated factors of alcohol use and alcohol related problems among Belgian community dwelling older adults. Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study by extensive examination survey. Setting: The participants were questioned in their homes or in community centres. Participants: Overall, 1,366 adults ≥65 years participated in this study. Method: Information about self-reported alcohol use during the past year, Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) and alcohol related problems was gathered with respectively the AUDIT, SF36 and MAST-G. Results: Of the total sample, 84.4% reported alcohol consumption. Using the NIAAA guidelines, the overall prevalence for at risk drinking was 26.6% and for binge drinking 14.8%, both risky alcohol patterns. Logistic regression analyses were performed on the drinking sample to determine the predictors associated with at risk drinking, binge drinking and hazardous drinking. Being male, a smoker of former smoker and living alone were associated with at risk drinking. Being male, being aged 65-74 years, being a smoker, reporting polypharmacy, MCS and having recent loss experience were associated with binge drinking. More than 25% of respondents were classified as hazardous drinking (score ≥5 on MAST-G). Associated factors with hazardous drinking were being male, having a family history of alcohol problems, PCS and MCS. Conclusions: The prevalence rates for at risk alcohol patterns and alcohol related problems were higher than in previous studies. As older adults are more vulnerable to the adverse consequences of alcohol use, awareness about alcohol use should be raised among older adults, as well as amongst health care givers and researchers.


This guidance is provided to assist local health departments, elementary schools, preschools, and child care facilities in developing policies and procedures for the care of children found to have head lice. The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) recommends that schools and childcare facilities maintain an active educational campaign for parents on the accurate diagnosis and proper treatment of head lice cases to prevent transmission of lice in schools and reduce lost school days due to head lice infestation.


Nowadays, more extensive use of wood in buildings is of sustainable interest. Key point for environmentally friendly timber structures, appropriate to urban ways of living, is the development of high-rise timber buildings. Serviceability issues are nowadays the main limitation to the complete development of tall timber buildings. Among them, excessive vibrations due to human activities (such as walking or dancing) or external excitation (such as wind, or road traffic) induce annoyance and other discomforts. Amplitude and duration have been recognized as the two most governing parameters when it comes to human sensitivity to vibration [1]. Damping has therefore a large beneficial influence since it decreases both the amplitude of steady-state oscillations as well as the duration of transient oscillations. Despite its substantial effects, damping is however rarely prescribed in design codes or standards, and is at best included under the form of a constant whose origins remain unclear. The common omission of damping in design criteria originates from the difficulty for the engineer to predict the damping characteristics of a floor during the design process. Damping is commonly divided into at least two categories: the material damping which refers to internal friction, and the structural damping which may arise from other sources such as friction in-between components and/or friction due to connectors. A first, yet conservative, step towards better prediction of damping in timber structures can therefore be accomplished by considering material damping as a lower boundary for total damping. To answer this challenge, this paper presents an innovative and efficient method for predicting material damping in timber structures. An application of this method is provided by describing a step-by-step procedure to predict material damping in a timber floor. The prediction of material damping of complex timber structures was derived via the implementation of the strain energy approach into finite element analyses. This rendered excellent results and accurate knowledge of the contribution to material damping from each member of the considered timber structure. Nathalie Labonnote, Anders Rönnquist, Kjell A. Malo 2


ABSTRACT:In a solitary cell in a central Texas prison, as a global pandemic and protests raged, Kwaneta Yatrice Harris was eating cold bologna sandwiches on the better days. On the worst days, she was given nutraloaf, also known as discipline cake: a rectangle of meat, potatoes, margarine, syrup, liquified egg, and anonymous vegetable.


Japanese law system became a branch of Chinese law system after having learnt the political system from China in Tang Dynasty,which is known as Dahua Reform,and thus its criminal investigation system can be defined as Tang Form.Under the impact of the western law in modern times,Japanese law system could be brought into continental law system after Mingzhi Reform.The criminal investigation system of French and German style were established to give priority to the inquistor and the judicatory police as assistant,which is known as Oceidentalized Form.After World War Two,Japanese law developed as mixed law under the effect of that of the U.S. and the featured criminal investigation system,that is,Medial Form,came into being.The alteration of the three forms can inspire the reform of the criminal investigation in China nowadays.


Techno-economic analyses (TEAs) of CO2 capture technologies have risen in popularity, due to growing interest in meeting CO2 emissions reduction targets. Adsorption processes are one of the technologies proposed for CO2 capture, and although difficult, standardization of TEAs for adsorption should be attempted. The reason is that TEAs are often referred to as input data to other forms of modeling, to guide policy, and to act as summaries for those unfamiliar with adsorption processes. Herein, we discuss the aspects that should be considered when conducting TEAs for CO2 adsorption processes, and we present the implications of choices made at the TEA stage and offer guidance on best practice. our aim is to make TEAs of adsorption processes widely accessible to the adsorption community, and more generally to communities engaged in the evaluation of CCS technologies.