Tubular fluid samples obtained in vivo by micropuncture from 5 separate locations along the hamster epidiymal duct were analyzed with ultramicro methods for sperm, sodium, and potassium concentrations. Net secretion or absorption of fluid, sodium, and potassium was calculated from the data. There isa slight drop in sperm concentration from the caput to the corpus as a result of a 13 percent increase in fluid volume between these two sites (P<0.02). There is no significant alteration in sperm concentration nor is there any net fluid movement between the corpus and the cauda. The potassium concentration in the caput of 39.3 ± 4.8 mEq/1 is significantly higher than the concentrations in the proximal cauda, distal cauda and epididymal vas of 20.8 ± 1.1 mEq/1, 23.9 ± 1.0 mEq/l, and 22.2 ± 0.9 mEq/1, respectively. Forty-five percent of the potassium present in the caput is absorbed between the caput and the proximal cauda. The concentrations of sodium in the caput and corpus of 28.4 ± 0.6 mEq/1 and 31.1 ± 2.0 mEq/1, respectively are higher than the sodium concentrations of 13.6 ± 1.2 mEq/1, 6.1 ± 0.5 mEq/1, and 6.7 ± 06 mEq/1 in the three sampled caudal sites (P<0.01). the


BACKGROUND--Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is an immunomodulatory cytokine regulating the proliferation and differentiation of various cell types. It also contributes to the maintenance of tissue architecture by influencing the production of extracellular matrix components. TGF-beta has been detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from normal human lung, but the nature and distribution of cells containing TGF-beta in this organ remain unknown. METHODS--Fourteen normal human lung specimens were studied by immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antibody recognizing TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2 and TGF-beta 3. RESULTS--TGF-beta was detected in all cases. Bronchial epithelial cells contained the largest amounts of TGF-beta. In these cells the staining was brightest at the apical pole. Macrophages and smooth muscle cells also contained TGF-beta, although less than epithelial cells. No TGF-beta was detected in other cell populations, including endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and pneumocytes. CONCLUSIONS--The bronchial epithelial compartment appears to be the main location of TGF-beta in the normal human lung, suggesting that this cytokine has a pivotal role in the immunological properties of the bronchial mucosa.


The results are reported of the first experimental investigation of vacuum ultraviolet emission from Kr and Xe rare gases in a high-power (~ 107 W/cm3) pulsed microwave discharge at pressures up to 10 atm. Narrowing of the spectral profile of the krypton dimer occurs at a pumping rate of ~ 7 MW/cm3 when the gas pressure is 5 atm.


Housing means for engaging the valve body to the manifold structure of the intake manifold. Flow rate adjusting valve end of the valve housing is welded to the manifold downstream portion of the body. A valve housing formed with a flow control valve in the two channels. The valve housing for accommodating at least one passage opening in the valve plate selectively switchable between a state and a closed state. The joint between the manifold body and the valve housing has a height difference such that the vicinity of the channel portion of the valve plate corresponding to the other than the portion located at a higher position near the passage.


We have examined the correlations between the large-scale environment of galaxies and their physical properties, using a sample of 28,354 nearby galaxies drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and the large-scale tidal field reconstructed in real space from the 2Mass Redshift Survey and smoothed over a radius of $\sim 6 h^{-1}$Mpc. The large-scale environment is expressed in terms of the overdensity, the ellipticity of the shear and the type of the large-scale structure. The physical properties analyzed include $r$-band absolute magnitude $M_{^{0.1}r}$, stellar mass $M_\ast$, $g-r$ colour, concentration parameter $R_{90}/R_{50}$ and surface stellar mass density $\mu_\ast$.
Both luminosity and stellar mass are found to be statistically linked to the large-scale environment, regardless of how the environment is quantified. More luminous (massive) galaxies reside preferentially in the regions with higher densities, lower ellipticities and halo-like structures. At fixed luminosity, the large-scale overdensity depends strongly on parameters related to the recent star formation history, that is colour and D(4000), but is almost independent of the structural parameters $R_{90}/R_{50}$ and $\mu_\ast$. All the physical properties are statistically linked to the shear of the large-scale environment even when the large-scale density is constrained to a narrow range. This statistical link has been found to be most significant in the quasi-linear regions where the large-scale density approximates to an order of unity, but no longer significant in highly nonlinear regimes with $\delta_{\rm LS}\gg 1$.


The powerful technique, symbolic execution, has become a promising approach for analyzing deep complex software failure modes recently. However, as the software scale grows rapidly in intelligent automatic control system, these methods unavoidably suffer the curse of path explosion and low global coverage. To solve the problem, an evolutionary strategy guided symbolic execution framework is proposed for triggering hard-to-excite input-relevant faults. A novel alternate asynchronous search strategy is adopted to enhance the breadth-search capability of symbol execution. Furthermore, by combining ANGR, a popular symbolic execution engine, and genetic algorithm, this method synchronously triggers the potentially hidden hybrid fault modes at different levels in the software architecture. Case studies on the SIR test suite demonstrate that the GA-enhanced symbolic execution greatly improves coverage and accelerates test convergence. Among them, the coverage rate has increased by up to 23.7%. With a baseline of 95% line coverage, the proposed method can reduce the number of iterations by at least 43.3%.


This article provides an overview of the methods and data-collection process for a multi-level mixed-methods case study. Data for the study were gathered through phone interviews and electronic surveys from individuals working on the same educational program in Southern Sudan, though some were supporting the program from outside the country. The primary comparison was to examine the varied perceptions held by staff involved in a program, that depended on whether they worked in the field, the program office or the international or regional headquarters. This article examines mixed-method research using remote data collection. It also examines how previous experience working on a different program in Southern Sudan helped to prepare for this study.


Now a day's obesity is a burden worldwide. The prevalence of obesity is increasing in both the developed and developing countries. To investigate the anthropometric measurement in obesity. This cross study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Inclusion and exclusion criteria are strictly maintained for selection of study and control groups. Anthropometric measurements were performed in 150 cases of overweight and obese. BMI, WC, WHR, blood pressure were high in obese group. Obesity affects various anthropometric measurements and may be used to routinely evaluate obese patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v42i1.18976 Bangladesh Med J. 2013 Jan; 42 (1): 25-27


The present invention relates to a multifunctional integrated embedded still image compression system, the purpose of constructing a high-speed low-cost scalability digital image processing system, implemented using a common DSP technique JPEG2000. The present invention (1) image acquisition module comprises a video decoder, a video capture and programmable logic devices of its corresponding static memory, (2) pre-processing the image compression module comprises, wavelet transform, entropy encoding, and packing rate control module a digital signal processor and the corresponding synchronous dynamic memory composition, (3) data transmission module by the master controller and a universal serial bus controller. The present invention sets of image acquisition, compression, storage, transmission as a whole, the compression ratio employed 150:1 screen reconstructed image can still ensure a smooth rounded contour clear, no "block" effect, no color change; selectable resolution image is acquired rate, setting image compression ratio, so that the size of intuitive control code stream; compressed data stream transfer rate up to 480Mbps.


Forty‐six intellectually normal children born preterm (32 weeks of gestation) without major neurological disabilities and a control group of term children matched for age, sex, and parental educational and occupational status were assessed at the age of 5 years using neuropsychological tests emphasizing perceptual and visuomotor functions. The results show that in terms of cognitive functions these preterm children are a very heterogenous group, but many of them still have problems in visuospatial and sensorimotor functions. The preterm children achieved lower mean scores in tests where coordination and voluntary control of hands in combination with tactile, kinaesthetic, and visuospatial perception were needed. They had most difficulty with drawing directions of lines and in integrating two or more forms. They also had problems with 3‐dimensional constructions as well as visual perception of rotated shapes or slopes of lines.


This paper presents the history and the current situation in Korea in terms of the national bibliography, national union catalog, legal deposit and other bibliographic control. The National Library of Korea has been playing key roles in the provision of complete bibliographic records of the available publications in Korea. The national bibliographies are becoming more diversified in terms of including different types of material. The National Library of Korea plans special projects for promoting the legal deposit system and preparing to revise its legislation to include more types of material, in particular electronic publications, as well as public relations. Within the next few years, a revised legal deposit act will comprise all forms of published materials and will be fully in agreement with the International Conference on National Bibliographic Services (ICNBS) recommendations.


To improve the properties of paper sheets, microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) was isolated from bleached bagasse pulp pretreated with xylanase enzymes and returned to the pulp in varying amounts. The ...


Highly oriented soft underlayers with face-centered-cubic (fcc) phase Co, Co alloy, and composite NiFe/Co film structures have been epitaxially grown on single crystal Si wafers by sputter deposition. The epitaxial orientation relationships have been determined by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the soft underlayer magnetic properties can be modified in a wide range by fine tuning the Co alloy composition or the Co alloy thickness in a NiFe/Co structure. Ti films were sputter deposited on top of the NiFe and Co layers and epitaxial growth in both Ti(0001)/Co(111) and Ti(0001)/NiFe(111) was observed. Through this highly oriented Ti intermediate layer, a Co alloy perpendicular media layer with greatly improved hexagonal-close-packed (0001) orientation can be integrated with the highly (111) textured fcc soft magnetic underlayers.


The study assessed the HIV treatment cascade of people living with HIV (PLWH) in Iran and the reasons for gaps in HIV services in 2014. We did the cascade analysis using the WHO HIV test–treat–retain cascade analysis tool (2014). To measure the gaps, we checked the records for all PLWH reported to the national HIV surveillance till September 2014 to define how many were alive, linked to HIV care, assessed for CD4 cell count, started antiretroviral therapy (ART), and reported to be alive up to five years after ART. To assess the reasons for gaps in the cascade, we ran desk review, four focus group discussions and 51 in-depth interviews with key informants including PLWH. Spectrum model estimated 75,700 PLWH in Iran, of whom only 22,647 people (%30) were diagnosed. Of those who were diagnosed with HIV, 16,266 people (%72) had enrolled in HIV care. About 13% of all PLWH were retained in HIV care and only 9% (6745 people) had ever been tested for CD4 cell count. Only 8% (6018 people) of all PLWH had received ART by September 2014. We found the biggest gap in the HIV treatment cascade to be HIV diagnosis as only 30% of PLWH have been diagnosed. Innovative strategies to improve HIV testing, particularly those that work best for key populations, are critical to reach the 90–90-90 targets.


Nevada is the home of the Extraterrestrial Highway, formerly known as State Route 375. The Nevada Commission on Tourism lobbied for the name after many unidentified flying objects (UFOs) were reported near Groom Lake, close to the tiny town of Rachel, Nevada. Although the Nevada Legislature passed on the idea, the Nevada Transportation Board, tongue in cheek, agreed and inadvertently created a media blitz that coincided with the 20th Century Fox release, "Independence Day," a blockbuster alien flick. Fox picked up the tab and the Nevada Commission on Tourism got their wish!


THE purpose of this paper is to add our experience with the newer hypotensive drugs in the treatment of patients with severe hypertension and hemorrhagic eye grounds to the ever-growing list of reports on this subject. This treatment is too new to justify any final conclusions, but, in our short experience, it does appear to offer more than any previous medical therapy in this devastating disease. Since hypertension can be a benign disease with no effect on longevity, or a rapidly progressing, fatal disease, it is difficut to evaluate the effects of therapy on the final outcome. Keith, Wagener and . . .


We present an algorithm that computes the Hasse-Witt matrix of given hyperelliptic curve over Q at all primes of good reduction up to a given bound N. It is simpler and faster than the previous algorithm developed by the authors.


The economy in Chinese mainland is booming now and has become the important and potential part in the world market.When all of products enter and seize the Chinese mainland,ambitious luxuries brand manufacturers are taking advantage of accessing to the Chinese mainland market in the early stage as foreshadowing and taking the emerging middle class of Chinese mainland as significant target.This paper relies on the nutshell model of brand communication and explores the brand communication strategy and tactics on the luxuries of Chinese mainland market.


Aim To study the curative effects of arthroscopic treatment of gouty arthritis of knee.Methods A total of 15 patients with gouty arthritis of knee were diagnosed by arthroscopy between September 2008 and May 2010.Then biospy and synovectomy were performed under arthroscope,with an average Lysholm knee score of preoperation and after operation.Rehabilitation instructions were performed according to different stages.Results All the patients were followed up for an average of 18(6 to 36)months,with an average Lysholm knee score of preoperation of 42(35~46)and postoperation of 90(85~95).The difference between preoperation and postoperation was statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion Arthroscopy is the reliable choice for the treatment of gouty arthritis of knee.Advantages of this technique are minimal invasion,simple procedure,less time for operation and hospitalization with early rehabilitation,and all the combined lesion can be treated at the same time.


The dynamics of cavitation bubbles and the acoustic emissions they produce are important in a broad range of engineering applications and natural phenomena, either because the strong energy focusing of the bubble collapse is to be avoided, as it may cause damage to surfaces, or to be exploited, such as in emerging medical applications. APECSS (Acoustic Pulse Emitted by Cavitation in Spherical Symmetry) is a software library to simulate the dynamic behavior and acoustic emissions of cavitation bubbles using an efficient state-of-the-art numerical framework. APECSS supports different Rayleigh-Plesset models for bubble dynamics in incompressible and compressible media with Newtonian or viscoelastic rheology, considering clean or coated bubbles. Acoustic emissions may be modeled under different modeling assumptions using a tailored Lagrangian wave tracking method, including the formation and attenuation of shock waves. APECSS can be extended easily to include custom functionality and may be incorporated into other software frameworks.


: This paper presents a recommender system based on a game theory in which the recommendations are made from user-item ratings. This system filters out or evaluate games through the opinions of other similar gamers using collaborative filtering technique and suggest those to the intended user. The system uses individual ratings given by the members of community, along-side rating of the games that a particular gamer likes, in order to predict and recommend new games to that gamer. The aim is to recommend games that match the user preferences and then user-item based collaborative filtering is applied on the individual ratings of the games for a particular gamer to find similarity between those gamers. A working web based system will be presented that will provide high user satisfaction in terms of usability and recommendation quality.


The flow of social resources can be compared to Economic Radiation. Such theory will not only bring us a new understanding on the opening up to outside world, but give a explanation on the process of reaching economic balance.


Today, video surveillance technology is playing a more and more important role in traffic detection. Vehicle's static properties are crucial information in examining criminal and traffic violations. With the development of Video Surveillance technology, it has been wildly used in the traffic monitoring. Therefore, there is a trend to use Video Surveillance to do intelligent analysis on vehicles. Now, using software and tools to analyze vehicles in videos has already been used in smart cards and electronic eye, which helps polices to extract useful information like plate, speed, etc. And the key technology is to obtain various properties of the vehicle. This paper provides an overview of the algorithms and technologies used in extracting static properties of vehicle in the video.


This paper discussed the function of agricultural universities in the new socialist rural construction,analyzed the main problems existing in servicing socialist new rural construction of agricultural universities;such as teachers' consciousness of service for "agriculture,countryside and farmers" is not strong;the existing system mechanism against teachers directly involved in the new socialist rural construction;finally,this paper put forward several countermeasures to sever the new socialist rural construction more better,which included:transforming the traditional ideas;adjusting professional structure;the innovation system mechanism;strengthening technical training;promotion results experience.


The Advanced Combustion and Emission Control Technical Team is focused on removing critical technical barriers to the commercialization of advanced, high efficiency, emission-compliant internal combustion (IC) engines for light-duty vehicles (passenger cars, minivans, SUV's, and pickup trucks). Fuels under consideration include clean, hydrocarbon-based fuels (petroleumand nonpetroleum-based) and hydrogen. Elimination of the technical barriers will enable light-duty vehicles with dramatically higher fuel economies than current light-duty vehicles powered by conventional port-fuel-injected (PFI) engines. The engine technologies under consideration are also applicable to both conventional and hybrid-electric vehicle (HEV) powertrains.


Background: Obesity is a state of excess adipose tissue mass. As adipose tissue accumulates in excess amounts a variety of adaptations/alterations in cardiorespiratory structure and function occur even in the absence of co-morbidities. The pulmonary disorders due to obesity results in increased mortality and morbidity. So, the study was to examine the effect of obesity on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate in different age groups. Methods: 100 Healthy males with BMI  30 kg/m were classified as obese and divided into three groups depending upon their age. 100 Healthy males with BMI of 18.50–24.99 kg/m were taken as controls. Anthropometric parameters were recorded and Body mass index was derived. Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) were recorded on a computerized spirometer. ANOVA was used for multiple group comparisons and student's t-test for two group's comparison. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to measure the relationship between the measurements. Results: In our study PEFR showed a significant decrease in obese subjects compared to non-obese subjects. There was statistically significant decrease in PEFR in obese subjects compared to non-obese subjects in all groups. Study shows the correlation between body mass index and PEFR and BMI which showed a statistically significant negative correlation. Conclusion: In our study BMI had an inverse relationship with PEFR in obese when compared to the normal weight subjects. Thus it is evident from the present study that obesity significantly affects the pulmonary functions which may give rise to long term complications and may lead to early morbidity and mortality.


The development law of dynamic characteristics,sediment concentration change and rill crosssectional morphology of rill erosion of the heavy silty loam in five different slopes were carried out through inside flume experiment.The results showed that under the flow of 700L/h,rill cross section parameters of rill width and rill depth increased with the slope grade rising,the development speed of rill depth was positively correlated with rill width and the width depth ratio of each slope was stable from 1.5to 2;Width depth ratio decreased with the increase of slope,characterization of rill cross-section developed from wide shallow form to narrow deep form,and cross section morphological coefficient varied from 0.418~0.892 and was gradually increasing with the development of rill.The rill flow velocity decreased with the development of rill,and could be described by index equation;The sediment concentration was basically stable with the development of rill and positively related to the cross section morphological coefficient.


A quarter of a century has elapsed since the first occurrence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and its dramatic well-described consequences. Enormous amounts of money have been spent in research, and many important advances in diagnosis and therapy have taken place. Nowadays, strategies against HIV infection do not only require a global and coherent response, but also current policies must be strengthened, and new policies msut be designed so that there may be a better interaction between every community affectedby HIV/AIDS, particularly in developing countries, which are by far the most affected areas by this pandemic.


Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) has been used in pregnancy for just over 20 years now and is generally well tolerated. Normal values have been established for different gestations; these are slightly higher than conventional blood pressure (BP) in normal pregnancy, presumably reflecting greater activity during the 24 h of ABPM recordings. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is a better predictor than conventional BP for the development of pre‐eclampsia and fetal growth restriction, but it is not sensitive or specific enough to be recommended for these purposes in routine practice. Studies of ABPM have shown that sleep hypertension is common in women with gestational hypertension or pre‐eclampsia, but detecting this in routine clinical practice does not aid usual decision making in the pregnancy, including timing of delivery. Studies using ABPM have found that pregnant women who are working outside the home have higher BP than non‐working women, but these data should not be interpreted to mean that not working during pregnancy will prevent gestational hypertension or pre‐eclampsia. The best role for ABPM is to determine whether women with office hypertension in early pregnancy have true (usually essential) hypertension or white‐coat hypertension. The latter can be managed without antihypertensives and pregnancy outcomes appear good, although possibly with a slightly increased incidence of pre‐eclampsia. Women who have had pre‐eclampsia are at greater life‐time risk for cardiovascular diseases; several years postpartum these women have slightly higher ABPM‐measured BP than women who had normal pregnancies and a greater propensity to metabolic syndrome.


Let L/sub /spl infin//spl omega///sup /spl omega// be the infinitary language obtained from the first-order language of graphs by closure under conjunctions and disjunctions of arbitrary sets of formulas, provided only finitely many distinct variables occur among the formulas. Let p(n) be the edge probability of the random graph on n vertices. Previous articles have shown that when p(n) is constant or p(n)=n/sup -/spl alpha// and /spl alpha/>1, then every sentence in L/sub /spl infin//spl omega///sup /spl omega// has probability that converges as n gets large; however, when p(n)=n/sup -/spl alpha// and /spl alpha/<1 is rational, then there are first-order sentences whose probability does not converge. This article completes the picture for L/sub /spl infin//spl omega///sup /spl omega// and random graphs with edge probability of the form n/sup -/spl alpha//. It is shown that if /spl alpha/ is irrational, then every sentence in L/sub /spl infin//spl omega///sup /spl omega// has probability that converges to 0 or 1. It is also shown that if /spl alpha/=1, then there are sentences an the deterministic transitive closure logic (and therefore in L/sub /spl infin//spl omega///sup /spl omega//), whose probability does not converge.


1. Gautier P, Vandepitte C, Ramquet C, DeCoopman M, Xu D, Hadzic A: The minimum effective anesthetic volume of 0.75% ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus block. Anesth Analg 2011; 113:951–5 2. McNaught A, Shastri U, Carmichael N, Awad IT, Columb M, Cheung J, Holtby RM, McCartney CJ: Ultrasound reduces the minimum effective local anaesthetic volume compared with peripheral nerve stimulation for interscalene block. Br J Anaesth 2011; 106:124–30 3. Riazi S, Carmichael N, Awad I, Holtby RM, McCartney CJ: Effect of local anaesthetic volume (20 vs 5 ml) on the efficacy and respiratory consequences of ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus block. Br J Anaesth 2008; 101:549–56 4. Sinha SK, Abrams JH, Barnett JT, Muller JG, Lahiri B, Bernstein BA, Weller RS: Decreasing the local anesthetic volume from 20 to 10 mL for ultrasound-guided interscalene block at the cricoid level does not reduce the incidence of hemidiaphragmatic paresis. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2011; 36:17–20 5. O'Donnell BD, Iohom G: An estimation of the minimum effective anesthetic volume of 2% lidocaine in ultrasoundguided axillary brachial plexus block. Anesthesiology 2009; 111:25–9 6. O'Donnell BD, Ryan H, O'Sullivan O, Iohom G: Ultrasoundguided axillary brachial plexus block with 20 milliliters local anesthetic mixture versus general anesthesia for upper limb trauma surgery: An observer-blinded, prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Anesth Analg 2009; 109:279–83 7. Ramsay MA, Savege TM, Simpson BR, Goodwin R: Controlled sedation with alphaxalone-alphadolone. Br Med J 1974; 2:656–9 8. Piantadosi S, Fisher JD, Grossman S: Practical implementation of a modified continual reassessment method for dosefinding trials. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1998; 41:429–36 9. Tran de QH, Dugani S, Dyachenko A, Correa JA, Finlayson RJ: Minimum effective volume of lidocaine for ultrasoundguided infraclavicular block. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2011; 36:190–4 10. Chan VW, Perlas A, McCartney CJ, Brull R, Xu D, Abbas S: Ultrasound guidance improves success rate of axillary brachial plexus block. Can J Anaesth 2007; 54:176–82


The lack of a scientific background of many of our technical writing students and the continual amalgamation of the sciences make a technical terminology course an important adjunct to the technical writing curriculum. This course consists of three distinct phases: a compilation of terms already known by the students, an expansion of that list into a comprehensive list of the major technical terms in approximately fifteen scientific fields, and an indepth study by each student into a particular field. This course would help to create scholars who were conversant in most major fields of study. This would make the students more flexible in their job searches. What is more important, it would help them understand the forces that shape our civilization and thereby broaden their control over those forces.


Digital images and digital image processing were widely researched in the past decades and special place in this field have medical images. Magnetic resonance images are a very important class of medical images and their enhancement is very significant for diagnostic process. In this paper we presented an algorithm for improving magnetic resonance images of the brain. Common degradation of the magnetic resonance images is caused by the noise. We tested adjusted non-local means filter for removing random noise in the magnetic resonance images of the brain. Several evolution metrics were used to prove the quality of the proposed method. Key–Words: Magnetic resonance images, magnetic resonance noise, non-local means filter, magnetic resonance images denoising


This paper is about the sliding mode control of quadrotor UAV's using nonlinear parabolic sliding surface. Quadrotor has six degrees of freedom and four actuators. It has the ability to vertically take off and land. It is necessary to have control over six degrees of freedom for proper drive. For many years sliding mode control of quadrotor has been used. There are some disadvantages of sliding mode control using linear surfaces, for example, it requires a large amount of control effort, and it may not work for global dynamics properties of a system because of the linear nature of the controller. These above-mentioned disadvantages are lessen using nonlinear parabolic sliding surfaces by adding the nonlinearity in the controller purposefully. Sliding mode control using nonlinear sliding surface guarantees the fast convergence as compared to the sliding mode control. This nonlinear parabolic surface is formed on a new coordinate system. Which uses the linear sliding surface of conventional sliding mode control as its one coordinate and the other coordinate is orthogonal to previous coordinate. Control of yaw angle, x-position, y-position and z-position is presented here and the results of sliding mode control using nonlinear parabolic sliding surfaces are compared with the results of conventional sliding mode control. Their results show that the sliding mode control using nonlinear parabolic sliding surfaces has some benefits over the sliding mode control, for example, new control method for the quadrotor has decreased the reaching time, robust to the disturbances and it has smooth phase plane.


Abstract: In this paper, as the super-cycle theory of self-organization integrating methodology for enterprise expansion process, we study the super-cycle coupling mechanism of the enterprise and the environment, enterprises and enterprises ,and among factors within the enterprises, then construct the super-cycle model of M & A expansion , virtual enterprise expansion and union expansion to effectively combine resources ,and make synergies spiral under nonlinear . Key words: super-cycle theory, Merger expansion, Virtual enterprise expansion, Union expansion Resume: Dans l'article present, comme la theorie de super-cycle d'auto-organisation integrant la methodologie du processus de l'expansion de l'entreprise, on etudie le mecanisme de liaison de super-cycle entre l'entreprise et l'environnement, entre les entreprises et parmi les facteurs interieurs de l'entreprise, et puis construit le modele de super-cycle de l'expansion M&A, l'expansion virtuelle de l'entreprise et l'expansion d'union afin de combiner effectivement les ressources et faire synergie spirale non-lineaire. Mots-Cles: theorie de super-cycle, expansion de fusion, expansion virtuelle de l'entreprise, expansion d'union INTRODUCTION Super-cycle theory was made in the 1971 by German biologist Manfred. Eigen who studied various phenomenon of biological Circulation. The theory is a specific mechanism on the origins of life , including meticulous and more complete self-organization or general evolutionary mechanism. The theory said that during the process from the non-life to life, it inevitably existed a stage of self-organizing molecules between the chemical evolution and biological evolution, which implement Protein and Nucleic Acid mutual cooperation through complex compound in the form of super-cycle, thus completing a qualitative leap from non-life to life to prompt the origin and evolution of life. Super-cycle is a higher cycle, composed of the cycle, which implies the existence of non-linear effect, means owning self-reproduction and self-adaptive, self-evolutionary function.2 Because accommodating the amount of information and gathering energy by super-cycle is much greater than other forms, thereby it makes the organization more closely with the reasonable, and the structure greater abundance and diversity. Super-cycle system forms self-organizing mechanisms through interaction among various modules, allows the system to a higher orderly evolution state. This phenomenon exists not only in the biological area but in the socio-economic, management.3,4 Enterprise system is a complex system, the enterprises expansion owns complex feature. Viewing from the complexity, enterprise expansion should be interpreted as : In the role of randomness, uncertainty complex factors between enterprise internal and external, through various expansion channels ,the corporate bodies for their own survival, growth and evolution absorb external material, information and energy, to couple with internal factors, and after adaptation, replication and autocatalytic process of self-organization, etc., enterprises are from small to large, from disorder to order, from one to another in an order evolution. This shows that the expansion of enterprise systems exists the same cycle of self-organization. So in this paper, as the super-cycle theory of self-organization integrating methodology for enterprise expansion process, we study the super-cycle coupling mechanism of the enterprise and the environment, enterprises and enterprises , and among factors (material, information and energy)within the enterprises, then construct the super-cycle model of different expansion ways to effectively combine resources ,and make synergies spiral under nonlinear . 1. THE ANALYSIS OF SUPER-CYCLE ENTERPRISE EXPANSION MECHANISM If we think expansion enterprise as a mutant R^sub 1^ , then the core businesses is the most basic gene composing of life, wanting to cooperate enterprises will become another mutant R^sub 2^ during the evolutionary process. …


WHAT IS DRAMA
THERAPY? Throughout history different forms of
therapy have been used as treatment for emotional, mental, and
physical illnesses. Among therapists and psychiatrists there is a
long tradition of treating these illnesses through drama. The
British Association of Drama Therapists defines drama therapy as
"the means of helping to understand and alleviate social and
psychological problems, mental illness and handicap; and of
facilitating symbolic expression, through which man may get in
touch with himself both as individual and group, through creativity
structures involving vocal and physical communication"(Landy 135).
Drama therapy is often concerned with how the patient expresses
pain and inner turmoil. Theatre activities in and of themselves are
known to have a therapeutic aspect, providing a safe outlet for
emotions, a tool for building self-confidence, and a structure for
healthy social interaction and integration. The great Russian
director and acting teacher Constantin Stanislavski even entitled
the first volume of his book on acting, The Actor's Work on
Himself. Secondary school teachers who are interested in applying
theatre techniques in their classroom must first recognize the
therapeutic value of theatre activities and come to an initial
understanding and appreciation of the methods and possibilities of
drama therapy.


A review essay by European Romanticisms in Association Alice Rhodes on the virtual exhibition "Romantic Authorship", discussing its principles and aims.


Recognizing time-varying object states in complex tasks is an important and challenging issue. In this paper, we propose a novel model to jointly infer object fluents and complex tasks in videos. A task is a complex human activity with specific goals and a fluent is defined as a time-varying object state. A hierarchical graph represents a task as a human action stream and multiple concurrent object fluents which vary as the human performs the actions. In this process, the human actions serve as the causes of object state changes which conversely reflect the effects of human actions. For a given input video, a causal sampling search algorithm is proposed to jointly infer the task category and the states of objects in each video frame. For model learning, a structural SVM framework is adopted to jointly train the task, fluent, cause, and effect parameters. We test the proposed method on a task and fluent dataset. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Nathaniel Hawthorne has long reigned as one of the prominent creators of the American romantic short story genre that developed during the first half of the nineteenth century. Beginning with his contemporary critics and still true to this day, Hawthorne has notoriously presented a veritable conundrum for those scholars who attempt to understand just who he was, both as an author and a man, and the underlying message(s) of his stories. As early as 1850, reviewer Anne W. Abbott wrote that Hawthorne's "style may be compared to a sheet of transparent water...while in its clear yet mysterious depths we espy rarer and stranger things, which we must dive for, if we would examine." While Hawthorne's writing is precise, eloquent, and stylized, the deeper meanings of his stories often exist in the unreachable, mysterious and indefinable depths of the human condition and its values. Many critics rely on the literary criticism popular in their own time (ex. Deconstruction, New Criticism, Feminism, etc.) as the sole framework to use in interpreting and understanding Hawthorne's stories. While the merits of these criticisms are not to be discredited by any means, a more all-encompassing approach to understanding Hawthorne is well overdue. 1. Anne M. Abbott, "The Scarlet Letter," in Nathaniel Hawthorne: Critical Assessments Volume I, ed. Brian Harding (Mountfield, East Sussex: Helm Information Ltd., 1998), 249.


Simple Summary Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is a bacterium that causes pneumonia in pigs and can facilitate the establishment of other respiratory diseases. The microbiota, which comprises the microorganisms found in a specific environment (in this case, the respiratory tract), can be altered by the presence of several pathogens. Therefore, knowing how M. hyopneumoniae can affect the microbiota of the lower respiratory tract and nasal turbinates in experimentally infected pigs is important to understand the interaction between microorganisms that could lead to the development of disease. Thus, we investigated the bacterial composition of the lungs and noses of infected and non-infected pigs. The results showed that the lungs of infected pigs were mostly colonized (growth and multiplication of a microorganism) by M. hyopneumoniae, and there were not many other species in the lungs. In contrast, in the non-infected pigs, a more diverse lower respiratory microbiota was observed, meaning that there were more species of bacteria in the non-infected pigs than in the infected ones. No differences were observed between the nose microbiota in infected and non-infected pigs. In conclusion, this pathogen can alter the number of bacterial species in the lungs, which could result in more respiratory problems in swine production. Abstract Mycoplasma (M.) hyopneumoniae, the etiological agent of swine enzootic pneumonia, has been reported to increase the susceptibility to secondary infections and modulate the respiratory microbiota in infected pigs. However, no studies have assessed the influence of M. hyopneumoniae on the respiratory microbiota diversity under experimental conditions. Therefore, this study evaluated the impact of M. hyopneumoniae infection on the respiratory microbiota of experimentally infected swine over time. To accomplish this, 12 weaned pigs from a M. hyopneumoniae-free farm were divided into two groups: M. hyopneumoniae strain 232 infected (n = 8) and non-infected (n = 4). The first group received 10 mL of Friis medium containing 107 CCU/mL of M. hyopneumoniae while the control group received 10 mL of sterile Friis medium. Inoculation of both groups was performed intratracheally when the animals were 35 days old (d0). At 28 days post-inoculation (dpi) and 56 dpi, 4 infected animals plus 2 controls were humanely euthanized, and biopsy samples of nasal turbinates (NT) and bronchus-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were collected. The DNA was extracted from the individual samples, and each group had the samples pooled and submitted to next-generation sequencing. Taxonomic analysis, alpha and beta diversity indexes, weighted unifrac, and unweighted unifrac distances were calculated. A high relative frequency (99%) of M. hyopneumoniae in BALF samples from infected animals was observed with no significant variation between time points. The infection did not seem to alter the diversity and evenness of bacterial communities in NT, thus, M. hyopneumoniae relative frequency was low in NT pools from infected animals (28 dpi—0.83%; 56 dpi—0.89%). PCoA diagrams showed that BALF samples from infected pigs were grouped and far from the control samples, whereas NT from infected animals were not separated from the control. Under the present coditions, M. hyopneumoniae infection influenced the lower respiratory microbiota, which could contribute to the increased susceptibility of infected animals to respiratory infections.


The present invention discloses a method and system of the channel set management in a wireless communication system. The present invention relates to cyclic administration to the idle channel in a wireless communication system that the assigning a dynamically frequency or channel, because setting the appropriate priority for use of the idle channel that the system can select the best channel to move. Dynamic frequency allocation, channel state prediction, channel set management


We present the Seismic Laboratory for Imaging and Modeling/Monitoring open-source software framework for computational geophysics and, more generally, inverse problems involving the wave equation (e.g., seismic and medical ultrasound), regularization with learned priors, and learned neural surrogates for multiphase flow simulations. By integrating multiple layers of abstraction, the software is designed to be both readable and scalable, allowing researchers to easily formulate problems in an abstract fashion while exploiting the latest developments in high-performance computing. The design principles and their benefits are illustrated and demonstrated by means of building a scalable prototype for permeability inversion from time-lapse crosswell seismic data, which, aside from coupling of wave physics and multiphase flow, involves machine learning.


The far-field of the linearly polarized Gaussian beams diffracted at a circular aperture can be expressed as a sum of two orthogonal transversal electric (TE) and transversal magnetic (TM) terms. According to the far-field energy flux distributions of the TE and TM terms, the analytical expressions of the power of the TE and TM terms for the Gaussian diffracted beam are derived, which allow one to examine the ratios of the power of the TE and TM terms to the whole beam power. Based on the definition of the second-order moment of the far-field energy flux distributions, the analytical formulae of the far-field divergence angles of the Gaussian diffracted beam and its TE and TM terms are obtained, as well as the relationship among those far-field divergence angles. The influences of the f-parameter and the truncation parameter on the far-field divergence angles are analyzed. With the increase of the f-parameter, the far-field divergence angles first increase and finally tend to their respective saturated values. The influence of the truncation parameter on the far-field divergence angles is related to the f-parameter. When the f-parameter is relatively large, the effect of the truncation parameter on the far-field divergence angles is not distinct. When the f-parameter is moderate, the far-field divergence angles first decrease and finally tend to their respective minimum values with increasing the truncation parameter. When the f-parameter is relatively small, the far-field divergence angles of the Gaussian diffracted beam and its TM term fluctuate in a certain degree with varying the truncation parameter.


Palivizumab has reduced the incidence of respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization in infants and children with congenital heart disease by 45%. Although the mortality rate of children with congenital heart disease hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus infection has declined from 37% to ∼ 3% over the past 3 decades, palivizumab has not been shown to improve mortality. There has been considerable controversy over the cost-effectiveness of administering palivizumab according to international guidelines, including children with congenital heart disease. In particular, the number of children that need to be treated with palivizumab to prevent one respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization increases dramatically in children > 12 months of age. As a result, the authors recommend that countries re-examine their recommendations for providing palivizumab up to age 24 months in children with congenital heart disease.


The utility model discloses an automatic exhaust control valve assembled in a water tank in the roof and is composed of an upper shell, a lower shell and a ball cock component which is connected with the top of the upper shell in a sealed manner, wherein, the ball cock component comprises a valve body, a valve plug, a piston, a connecting bar and a ball float. The utility model is characterized in that a sealing ring is embedded on the lower part of the valve plug and forms a junction surface with high leak tightness with a spherical sealing ring on the top of the piston, and the underside of the lower shell is designed to be a circular arc shape, and a water strainer is arranged at the place of a water inlet, thereby the utility model has the advantages of good sealing effect, enough air displacement and air input, and assured simultaneous water use for all users; even hydraulic pressure is up to critical hydraulic pressure, complete sealing effect can be achieved; the underside of the water tank which is of a circular arc shape has fluent water drainage; the water strainer can prevent impurities in pipelines from entering a vent valve to block air exit holes.


Abstract Low-frequency, large-scale baroclinic Rossby basin modes, resistant to scale-dependent dissipation, have been recently theoretically analyzed and discussed as possible efficient coupling agents with the atmosphere for interactions on decadal time scales. Such modes are also consistent with evidence of the westward phase propagation in satellite altimetry data. In both the theory and the observations, the scale of the waves is large in comparison with the Rossby radius of deformation and the orientation of fluid motion in the waves is predominantly meridional. These two facts suggest that the waves are vulnerable to baroclinic instability on the scale of the deformation radius. The key dynamical parameter is the ratio Z of the transit time of the long Rossby wave to the e-folding time of the instability. When this parameter is small the wave easily crosses the basin largely undisturbed by the instability; if Z is large the wave succumbs to the instability and is largely destroyed before making a c...


Objective To study the predictive value of QRS shortening(ΔQRSd) following cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT) for response to CRT in patients with end-stage heart failure by a Meta-analysis.Methods The clinical studies of the value of QRS shortening in predicting response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with end-stage heart failure were searched in Medline,Pubmed,Embase from Jun 1998 to Oct 2010,and Cochrane Library(Issue 3,2010).The methodological quality of these paper was evaluated and the Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.0 software.Results Six studies including five English papers and one Chinese papers were enrolled and 471 patients met the selection criteria.Meta-analysis results showed that QRS shortening following CRT differed significantly between responders and non-responders,there was a statistical difference in ΔQRSd [WMD=-17.64,95% CI(-27.42,-7.86),P0.05].Conclusions QRS shortening was a predictor of long-term clinical improvement after CRT in patients with severe heart failure.


The existence of the mesitoyl ion in solutions of mesitoic acid in concentrated H2SO4 and in oleum has been confirmed by infrared absorption spectra which show the characteristic 2190 cm−1 band already found in some addition compounds of mesitoic acid and mesitoyl chloride with LEWIS acids.


A series of studies on the predictability of the tropical coupled ocean-atmosphere system were performed at the Centre for Atmospheric Sciences at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. The results provide the first estimate of the upper limit on the predictability of the coupled system. A new parameterization of the large-scale part of the convective heating in the atmosphere developed at the Centre has led to the development of a simple low-cost model for the atmospheric surface winds which is suitable for coupled modeling studies.


Aim. If we consider the historical emergence of the term «late preterm», then the previously used concept of «near term», in a special way these kids did not characterized, they do not stand out as a separate group, their problems are equated to the pathology of term infants. However, recent, more detailed studies have shown that morbidity and mortality even term infants depends on the exact time of gestational age. Since children born to 37-38 weeks sick more often than those born at 39 weeks; it contributed to the emergence of a new term «early full-term» to describe children born at 37-38 weeks. Material and methods. Babies born at 34-36 (6/7) weeks' gestation, marked as «late preterm». Results and discussion. Because the number of children increases, the knowledge of their problems such as transient tachypnea, hypothermia, hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, the development of late sepsis more frequently than in full-term, and others. Although this disease is not unique, but these children there are notable differences in the manifestation and currents. Equally important is the selection of the group of preterm in connection with the remote poor outcome a violation or zaderzhennym neurodevelopmental manifests itself in early school age. This proves the need to separate them in a special risk group. More detailed understanding of issues of respiratory pathology and nutrition «late preterm». Conclusion. Finally, we discuss future directions of research on the outstanding issues in the field of neonatology.


We give descriptions of SSDand QP -points in C(K)-spaces and use this to characterize strongly proximinal subspaces of finite codimension in L1(μ). We provide some natural class of examples of strongly proximinal subspaces which are not necessarily finite codimensional. We also study transitivity of strong proximinal subspaces of finite codimension.


PURPOSE: To obtain a graft copolymer that can be effectively used as an agent to make polymer compatible, and can impart tension elastic modulus and suspending resistance when mixed with polyolefin, by grafting a polymer mainly composed of methacryl ester to non-polar polyolefin by a covalent bond. CONSTITUTION: (A) a non-polar polyolefin such as polyethylene or the like, is dissolved (swelled) in (B) an inert hydrocarbon solvent, then a monomer obtained by mixing (i) not less than 80 wt.% of methyl methacrylate with (ii) not more than 20 wt.% of acryl or styrene monomer copolymerizable with the component (i), is added to a solution with, for example, a reaction starting agent while stirring the solution to be reacted, so that the radial flux becomes constant. The molecular weight of the component C is preferably not less than 20,000. COPYRIGHT: (C)1990,JPO


In the recent years, the role of virtualization has become vital in the grid computing community to bridge the gap between computation resource configuration and job requirements. The venture of virtualization in the grid computing environment has set another challenge to monitor and manage the virtual machines in the grid. To solve this problem of monitoring the virtual machines we propose a Virtual Information System which will provide the complete information about the virtual parameters of the machine. This information would be better useful for Grid management system to enhance the management of virtual resources.


The review is devoted to the description of the experience of the French Republic in the field of prevention of social orphanhood, including an analysis of the norms of French legislation that allows a child to be kept in a blood family, a legally formalized system of relations between a child, guardianship authorities, foster family and biological parents. The main directions of activity and key principles of the work of specialists of the child protection system, the grounds and criteria for the temporary removal of a child from the family, the procedure for the temporary removal and placement of a child with family assistants or in non-profit organizations, the conditions for the return of a child to parents are given. At the center of the child and family protection system is a specialized children's judicial system, which includes judicial authorities and educational services, and centers. The main life scenarios of children at risk of deprivation of parental care who have fallen into the state guardianship system are considered. At the head of all the work is the principle that the main defenders of the rights and interests of the child are his parents, and the process of providing assistance is always based on finding a clear balance between the rights of parents and the interests of the child, and the requirements for the validity of decisions made by specialists, including judges, must be strictly observed. The practice of France is of interest in connection with the reform of the system of protection of the rights of minors, including issues of guardianship and guardianship, initiated in Russia.


There are three official DOE filter test facilities. These test facilities are used by the DOE, and others, to test nuclear grade HEPA filters to provide Quality Assurance that the filters meet the required specifications. The filters are tested for both filter efficiency and pressure drop. In the test equipment, standard orifice plates are used to set the specified flow rates for the tests. There has existed a need to calibrate the orifice plates from the three facilities with a common calibration source to assure that the facilities have comparable tests. A project has been undertaken to calibrate these orifice plates. In addition to reporting the results of the calibrations of the orifice plates, the means for using the calibration results will be discussed. A comparison of the orifice discharge coefficients for the orifice plates used at the seven facilities will be given. The pros and cons for the use of mass flow or volume flow rates for testing will be discussed. It is recommended that volume flow rates be used as a more practical and comparable means of testing filters. The rationale for this recommendation will be discussed. In any case, the atmospheric pressure and temperature must be knownmore » before either a mass or volume flow can be set up with the existing orifice plates. A recommendation to consider the use of laminar flowmeters to replace the currently used orifice plates is discussed.« less


Rotating detonation engines are studied more and more widely because of high thermodynamic efficiency and high specific impulse. Rotating detonation of hydrogen and oxygen was achieved in this study. Rotating detonation waves were observed by high speed cameras and detonation pressure traces were recorded by PCB pressure sensors. The velocity of rotating detonation waves is fluctuating during the run. Low frequency detonation instabilities, intermediate frequency detonation instabilities and high frequency detonation instabilities were discovered. They are relevant to unsteady heat release, acoustic oscillations and rotating detonation waves.


Video traffic represents a large fraction of Internet traffic. For efficient service provisioning and controlling traffic based on various policies, measuring detailed user behaviors, such as when, at what rate, how much, and between whom video data are transmitted, is critical. To collect such information, this paper deals with video stream identification, since source or destination address in a packet header may not be reliable for identifyingtrue source and destination. An unsupervised learning algorithm is proposed to perform stream identification. The algorithm overcomes two shortcomings of the existing clusterers. Experimental results show that the rate of correctly grouped classes achieved by the algorithm is 94%. Index Terms—Stream identification, video traffic, decay rate, unsupervised learning


Signal word Warning Hazard statement Causes skin irritation. Causes serious eye irritation. May cause an allergic skin reaction. Precautionary statement Prevention Wash thoroughly after handling. Wear protective gloves. Wear eye protection. Avoid breathing dust. Contaminated work clothing must not be allowed out of the workplace. Response If on skin: Wash with plenty of water. Specific treatment (see information on this label). If skin irritation or rash occurs: Get medical attention. Take off contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse. If in eyes: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. If eye irritation persists: Get medical attention. Storage Store away from incompatible materials. Disposal Dispose of container in accordance with local, regional, national and international regulations. Hazard(s) not otherwise classified (HNOC) None known.


The index model and the reduced-rank model are two useful models which adopt different views to explore a vector autoregressive (VAR) model structure. However, we expect that there will be more information when the two models are implemented simultaneously. This paper combines these two models to propose a VAR model with constraints. The model extracts the leading index and explores the reduced-rank structures simultaneously. In this study, theoretical results are presented, which include a necessary and sufficient condition for a transformation for parsimonious parameterizations and model identification, the maximum likelihood estimations and the likelihood ratio test. The empirical results for the analysis of famous US hog data using the proposed model display the unification of several results in the literature, revealing that the novel model is reasonable and works quite well.


Recently, a novel probabilistic method for modeling and quantifying model-form uncertainties in a deterministic high-dimensional computational model was proposed and demonstrated for numerous appli...


ABSTRACT The conflict in Donbas has distracted attention from broader patterns of interaction between Russia and Ukraine. Russia continues to use a variety of tactics, apart from military force, to influence Ukraine. Among the key tactics are coercion in the gas sector, naval blockade, "passport colonialism," attempts to sway Ukrainian elections, support for the pro-Russian politician Viktor Medvedchuk, and promotion of religious influence through the Russian Orthodox Church. None of these tactics is novel, but each is evolving along with circumstances. Regardless of what happens in Donbas, Ukraine will continue to feel multifaceted pressure from Russia.


Due to the rise of the social networks it's possible to use techniques based on crowdsourcing to easily gather real-time information directly from citizens in order to create recommendation systems capable to employ knowledge that is shared from the crowd. Particularly, in Twitter, the users publish a big amount of short messages; however, to automatically extract useful information from Twitter is a complex task. In order to provide an informed recommendation of the current best route between two city points, this chapter introduces a workflow that integrates natural language techniques to build an vector of features for training two linear classifiers which obtain current information from Twitter, and integrates that information with historical information about possible routes using exponential smoothing; current and historical data to feed a route selection algorithm based on Dijkstra. The effectiveness of the proposed workflow is shown with routes between two interest points in Caracas (Venezuela).


We show that a stochastic flow which is generated by a stochastic differential equation on $\mathbb{R}^d$ with bounded volatility has a random attractor provided that the drift component in the direction towards the origin is larger than a certain strictly positive constant $\beta$ outside a large ball. Using a similar approach, we provide a lower bound for the linear growth rate of the inner radius of the image of a large ball under a stochastic flow in case the drift component in the direction away from the origin is larger than a certain strictly positive constant $\beta$ outside a large ball. To prove the main result we use chaining techniques in order to control the growth of the diameter of subsets of the state space under the flow.


Many of the new electronic loads being placed on Naval ships draw pulsed currents with a rapid and large transient from the dc power system. This creates difficulty in distinguishing between shunt faults and normal pulsed-power operation. This paper addresses the issues of real-time DSP implementation of a cluster analysis based fault detection algorithm. The data driven short-time Fourier transform based feature vectors corresponding to repetitive normal transients can be extracted and stored in the DSP during the training phase of the algorithm for any type of load. Once the statistical database is populated with those features, each subsequent occurrence of the transient event can be identified. Any shunt fault or disturbance that creates an unexpected event in the load profile will therefore be reliably diagnosed and a trigger can be sent for protective action. The performance, limitations and challenges of real-time implementation using a single core Texas Instrument DSP have been explored and discussed. The methods are demonstrated using an experimental setup and compared to the simulation results.


We use the QCD sum rule approach to calculate the splitting between vector and pseudoscalar mesons containing one light and one heavy quark and the kinetic energy of the heavy quark. Our result for the splitting induced by the chromomagnetic interaction agrees with the experimental data on charm and b-flavored mesons. For the matrix element of the kinetic energy operator, we obtain the value K=-(0.60±0.10) GeV2.


On 29 March 2022, the International Sustainability Standard Board (ISSB), an emanation of the IASB, issued two Exposure Drafts: IFRS S1 General Requirement for Disclosure of Sustainability-related Financial Information and IFRS S2 Climate-related Disclosure. This article will only deal with Draft S1, which proposes a vision of corporate disclosure that goes beyond the Financial reporting of the year/Sustainability disclosure dualism. Draft S1 suggests a unitary corporate communication that, at the same time, disseminates a set of documents to be considered as a whole concerning the company's financial situation, assets and liabilities, income and the actions and strategies implemented concerning sustainability. This proposal proposes a model of global corporate reporting rather than a fragmented one, as is often the case in companies in many countries. However, even in the vision of Draft S1, the presence of the financial statements remains separate from the document providing information on sustainability, even if interpreted as a unitary means of communication. It should also be noted that the sustainability report requires the disclosure of financial data related to the implementation of sustainable policies.


There is a worldwide demand for phenolic compounds (PC) because they exhibit several biological activities. This work
aimed at extracting phenolic compounds from peanut meal. The methods of extraction were mainly: conventional solvent
extraction (traditional methods) and ultrasound assisted extraction (recent methods) and comparing their results. Peanut
meal (PM) was prepared by defatting with n-hexane, and then extracted by the two previous methods. First, the conventional
solvents used were 80% methanol, ethanol, acetone, isopropanol, and distilled water. Then studied Different parameters
such as meal: water ratio, also the effect of temperature and the pH on the extraction process. Second, ultrasonic assisted
extractions (USAE), the parameters investigated were temperature, time and speed of sonication. Finally, all the extracts
were analyzed by HPLC for their phenolic contents. Results indicated that the highest extracted PC achieved by solvents
was in distilled water where 1:100, Meal: Water ratio which extracted 40 mg PC / g PM at 30& 35°C. Highest extracted PC
was achieved by alkaline medium at pH 12 more than acidic and neutral medium. While (USAE) at speed 8 ultrasonication
and temperature 30ᵒC, extracted 49.2mg PC /g PM. Sothe ultrasound assisted extraction exhibited great influence on
the extraction of phenolic compounds from peanut meal. The ultrasonic peanut extract was examined for its antioxidant,
antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic activities. The antioxidant activity of PM phenolic extract prepared by ultrasonic
technique, was measured by, β-carotene, and DPPH methods, and reducing antioxidant power. Results revealed values:
84.57, 57.72 and 5960 respectively. The PM extract showed different levels of antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic
bacteria used. As for the anticarcinogenic effect PM phenolic extract most effective on inhibiting colon carcinoma and
lung carcinoma cell lines with IC50 = 20.7 and 20.8 µ/ml., respectively. This was followed by intestinal carcinoma and liver
carcinoma cell lines with IC50= 39.6 and 40.2µ/ml.


Metal compounds form an attractive class of ligands for a variety of nucleic acids. Five metal complexes bearing aminopyridyl-2,2'-bipyridine tetradentate ligands and possessing a quasi-planar geometry were challenged toward different types of nucleic acid molecules including RNA polynucleotides in the duplex or triplex form, an RNA Holliday four-way junction, natural double helix DNA and a DNA G-quadruplex. The binding process was monitored comparatively using different spectroscopic and melting methods. The binding preferences that emerge from our analysis are discussed in relation to the structural features of the metal complexes.


The optimization of multi-objectives is crucial to the functional configuration design of industrial products, especially to the functional design of mobile devices. In the design of mobile devices, due to the complexity of functional implementation and their interactions, an optimized functional configuration for a product is hardly to achieve. In this paper, the functional configuration design of a mobile phone is taken as an example, and by applying the analytic hierarchy process multiple objectives in the designing process are optimized with a harmonization of competing factors. The proposed method is associated with graphical operators to construct the optimization model and relevant constraints, in which each objective is weighted either by its information entropy or by individual subjective partiality. The evaluation of design results utilizing our method demonstrates that the method is capable of delivering the best functional configuration, by means of providing reference identifying the best functional configuration from a variety of possible design schemes.


This article focuses on the design of a procedure for solving the correction of commas (incorrectly placed or missing) in the text written in the Slovak language. At the beginning of the article, the text deals with existing third-party applications that address the same issue. Subsequently, we focus on the ways in which the field of neural networks is currently applied to the problem of finding mistakes in the text. Based on the acquired knowledge, we proposed a solution using neural networks. The next part of the article deals with experiments with our neural network and different lengths of the input vector. The last part contains an evaluation of the experiments and an overall summary.


A pneumatic conveying system consists of a number of basic components. After establishing the various flow regimes which can exist in the conveying line, this paper focuses on the application and selection of these components with specific references to these regimes.


Abstract 2673 Poster Board II-649 Cytokines provide a main regulatory mechanism of a developing immune response, which allows for intercellular communication. This sharing of information enables cells to make collective decisions based on the state of the system rather than that of a single cell. In our research we focus on several examples of cytokine mediated regulatory mechanisms that function in helper T-cells (Th), whose role is to direct the immune response in the desired course by affecting responses of other cells. To analyze the relative importance of the different components affecting the behavior of the cells we employ mathematical modeling and numerical simulations of specific experimental settings. Quantitative experiments are performed to evaluate unknown parameters and to verify model predictions. We focus on two examples of cytokine mediated regulatory mechanisms that function in the helper T-cell (Th) differentiation. IL-12 and IL-4 direct differentiation into the main fates of Th cells, Th1 and Th2, respectively. By exposing cells to varied combinations of the two cytokines we experimentally map the "decision space" of the differentiation process. We measured, at the single cell level, eight key parameters relating to the state of the cells, from which we can deduce properties of the network describing the system. Our data indicate that under certain mixed conditions, with cells exposed to both IL-12 and IL-4, a new class of Th cells is observed, which secret both IL-4 and IFN-γ upon restimulation. This is preceded by co-expression of the two lineage specific transcription factors T-bet and GATA3 at earlier time points. We incorporate our experimental results and other known data into a cellular automata based simulation. Each cell is simulated as a node on a dynamic network, whose links describe the propagation of intercellular cytokine signals. The intracellular protein network for each node is realized as an automaton with cytokines levels as inputs and their secretion rates as output. By varying model parameters and comparing to experimental results we can gain insight into the significance of the various components driving the differentiation process. We also analyze the roles of heterogeneity in expression levels of cytokine receptors in the differentiation decision. To that end, naive mice CD4 cells were sorted into separate groups according to their expression level of the IL-4 receptor. The different groups of cells were cultured separately, under "controlled milieu" conditions, at different IL-4 or IL-12 concentrations. Expression levels of key proteins involved in the differentiation process were measured at the single cell level every 24h. This was compared to expression levels of those proteins in a whole population of cells growing together. Our results reveal differences in the differentiation abilities between the sorted, controlled milieu, groups. Additionally, the weighted average of expression levels of the controlled milieu populations is different than that of the full heterogeneous population of cells growing together. These differences are caused by intercellular interactions, as cells secrete cytokines which are involved in and drive the differentiation process (e.g. IL-4, IFN-γ). Thus, these experiments provide an opportunity to evaluate the importance and roles played by intercellular communication in this process, and to asses what are the effects of stochastic levels of a protein (IL-4R in this case) on the following differentiation process. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


This paper gives a brief description of the degree course structure in Electrical Engineering at the University of Malaya. This is discussed in the context of a small developing country which is mainly agriculture-based, with an increasing pace of industrialisation.


Graphical password schemes can provide better usability than text passwords, especially on smartphones where typing complex passwords on a virtual keyboard can be tedious. However, in order to achieve password strength comparable to text passwords, graphical password schemes require multiple rounds and, therefore, have longer entry times. We propose MIBA as an image-based authentication method that leverages multitouch in order to increase the password space by supporting multiple fingers for click point selection. We outline the MIBA concept, report on practical constraints for multitouch click point selection, and discuss preliminary results that indicate short entry times and the usability of MIBA.


Since 1909, when President Theodore Roosevelt convened the first world conference on the control of opium and an American, Bishop Charles H. Brent, was elected as its chairman, drug policy around the world has been dominated by the U.S. Our wars on drugs have become world wars on drugs. American drug enforcement agents have become the world's policemen, actively conducting investigations and directing raids and arrests far beyond our national boundaries. Our armed forces overthrew a government to arrest a foreign president for offenses against our drug laws, and an American court convicted him even though the offenses were committed outside this country's legal authority.


Abstract : The Navy's ability to assess crew performance under operational conditions has been severely limited by the difficulty of making simultaneous measurements of performance and the environment. This is especially true when ship motion data are required. The measurement of ship motion is complicated, requiring up to three simultaneous reference coordinate systems, and motion measurements must often be made in high sea state conditions that are destructive to equipment and unpleasant for both ship personnel and researchers. The primary purpose of this effort was to develop a portable ship motion measurement and recording system that could be used in conjunction with performance tests developed as part of the Critical Task Performance Measurement (CTPM) project. This system was to be small, to make few demands upon ship resources, and to be capable of measuring the motions of small craft operating in high sea states. In conjunction with this hardware development, an overall implementation plan was to be developed for its use in performance testing. The functional requirements of a working system, data on environmental and operational hazards to the equipment, and ship/test compatibility requirements were determined. Selection of the general technology to be applied involved consideration of size, weight, power consumption, cost, and low reliability of analog instrumentation. As a result, it was decided to use a microprocessor-based system designed around commercial components.


A resource allocation algorithm aimed at embedded multi- media systems is presented. Particular emphasis is placed on computational efficiency, suitability for fixed point im- plementation and being able to solve the allocation at run- time when parameters or dynamics change. The algorithm is derived from classic convex optimization theory and the resulting real time properties are studied in simulations.


The main purpose of this study is to analyse burnout levels of elementary school principals. 190 elementary school principals from Nigde and its districts constitute the survey sample of the research. The data of this research were collected by using the "Maslach Burnout Inventory". The data were analysed by using SPSS 15.0. In order to analyse the data obtained, mean, standard deviation, Mann-Whitney-U test, variance and TukeyHSD tests were used. Results of this study show that elementary school principals have "moderate" level of burnout. Also, it was found out that there was a statistical significant difference between elementary school principals in terms of gender in reduced personal accomplishment and depersonalisation sub-scales of the inventory. According to this result, female elementary school principals have higher reduced personal accomplishment and depersonalisation levels than their male counterparts. On the other hand, it was found a statistical significant difference between schools principals in relation to managerial seniority. According to results of this result of the research, school principals were found to differ in reduced personal accomplishment sub-scale so that less experienced school principals have higher burnout levels than their counterparts. It was also found out that there were not any statistical significant difference between elementary school principals in terms of educational level and working place variables.


perioperative systemic chemotherapy and referred to our centre for CRS and HIPEC. Video S1 describes the technique in a stepbystep approach, using large overlay windows and eyecatching animations for an easier understanding of the surgical procedures (including parietal and pelvic totally laparoscopic peritonectomy). Of interest, there is also an intraoperative diagnosis of rare bilateral inguinal channel dissemination with removal of the affected peritoneum. After radical surgery, hyperthermic chemotherapy perfusion of peritoneum was performed using laparoscopic trocars for HIPEC inflow and outflow catheters. We present this video because it could be of interest to Colorectal Disease readers as this technique is quite new and not widely used.


Abstract: Long‐term survival of discordant xenografts will require control of both humoral and cellular aspects of the immune response. Because cellular responses to xenografts appear to be more potent than those encountered by allografts, recipients of xenogeneic tissues are likely to require more immunosuppression, with potential for unacceptably high complication rates. We have therefore directed our attention toward the induction of tolerance to some or all of the xenogeneic antigens recognized in the primate anti‐pig cellular immune response, utilizing mixed lymphohematopoietic chimerism as the means for tolerance induction. We report here our initial series of 16 animals in which the conditions for application of this treatment regimen were established. In 14 cynomolgus monkey recipients, induction therapy consisted of low dose whole body irradiation, thymic irradiation, and ATG, followed by infusion of pig bone marrow and a pig kidney transplant. Other aspects of the regimen included splenectomy and removal of monkey anti‐porcine natural antibodies by extracorporeal perfusion of the recipient's blood through a pig liver. Two control animals received either no treatment or extracorporeal perfusion but no additional induction therapy. Five of the experimental animals were treated posttransplant with an anti‐IgM monoclonal antibody, five with Cyclosporin A, and two with a combination of both immunosuppressants. Both IgM and IgG natural antibodies were removed effectively by liver perfusion in all but one monkey, as determined by flow cytometry. Antibody liters remained low for 5–7 days, but increased progressively thereafter. The longest kidney survival in this series was 13 days, in an animal which maintained excellent kidney function for the first 11 days posttransplant. Peripheral chimerism was detected only transiently on day 10 in the peripheral blood of this recipient. We conclude that extracorporeal perfusion by this technique removes natural antibodies and prevents hyperacute rejection, permitting maintenance of excellent renal xenograft function for at least 11 days. Additional manipulations appear to be required to achieve mixed chimerism and tolerance of the cellular immune system in this model.


Whereas do to the policy of Reserve bank of India many Private banks/Financial institutions as well as Nationalised Banks were initiated to open branches in rural areas. However there were many Banks who spread their network in rural Maharashtra to cater the rural markets. Whereas many bank innovated new financial products aligning them with needs of rural farmers and designed it as per the need for the finance for the rural population. Banks also initiated many training program and strategy such Financial literacy training program, Introduced financial Product with return correlated with investment in share markets, and provided facility of cash withdraw and credit cards on these deposits with privilege services. This study was conducted to analyse the impact of these strategies on marketing of financial Services in rural Maharashtra.


Large bandwidth at millimeter wave (mm-wave) is crucial for fifth generation (5G) and beyond, but the high path loss (PL) requires highly accurate PL prediction for network planning and optimization. Statistical models with slope-intercept fit fall short in capturing large variations seen in urban canyons, whereas ray tracing, capable of characterizing site-specific features, faces challenges in describing foliage and street clutter and associated reflection/diffraction ray calculation. Machine learning (ML) is promising but faces three key challenges in PL prediction: 1) insufficient measurement data; 2) lack of extrapolation to new streets; 3) overwhelmingly complex features/models. We propose an ML-based urban canyon PL prediction model based on extensive 28 GHz measurements from Manhattan where street clutters are modeled via a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) point cloud dataset and buildings by a mesh-grid building dataset. We extract expert knowledge-driven street clutter features from the point cloud and aggressively compress the 3-D building information using a convolutional autoencoder. Using a new street-by-street training and testing procedure to improve generalizability, the proposed model using both clutter and building features achieves a prediction error [root-mean-square error (RMSE)] of 4.8 ± 1.1 dB compared to 10.6 ± 4.4 and 6.5 ± 2.0 dB for 3GPP line of sight (LOS) and slope-intercept prediction, respectively, where the standard deviation indicates street-by-street variation. By only using four most influential clutter features, the RMSE of 5.5 ± 1.1 dB is achieved.


EPPS raw scores and EPPS patterns involving two needs, e.g., high achievement with low abasement, have failed to account for college grades among counseling clients to any useful extent (Lunneborg and Lunneborg, 1966, 1967). Although these personality measures are of little use for predicting grade point averages (GPA's), a more important question is whether or not they have practical value in augmenting traditional aptitude/achievement measures known to account for the bulk of the reliable variance in grades. Shanker (1961) using college counselees found that EPPS need scores made a significant contribution to a battery of intellective predictors, but he judged that neither this contribution nor that of Strong or Kuder interest measures was large enough for any of them to be routinely adopted in a precollege testing program. It remains to be demonstrated, then, whether EPPS patterns possess incremental validity, i.e., whether they add enough to the established validity of aptitude/achievement measures to justify the cost of administering the EPPS to all counsel-


Thermal Feedback Blocks are a viable approach to perform thermal and electrothermal simulations of electronics systems with very fast-switching inputs, for which the coupling of a finite-element method thermal solver with a physics-based or a circuit simulator cannot be used. In this work, we describe a RC-based thermal network improving the conventional Foster and Cauer solutions, which is used to perform (i) an accurate and effective dynamic thermal analysis of an IGBT power module, and (ii) a fast electrothermal analysis of the aforementioned module used as a half-bridge DC-AC power converter in both normal operating mode and during a load short-circuit event.


Obesity is a well‐established risk factor for poor neurological outcomes, and bariatric surgery has been shown to improve many aspects of cognitive function. Factors underlying improved cognition following surgery are not yet fully established. A recent study of bariatric surgery patients demonstrated lower preoperative alkaline phosphatase concentrations were linked to greater postoperative cognitive improvement, but this link has not been examined via liver biopsy. The current study examined postoperative cognitive function in individuals with and without fibrosis at the time of bariatric surgery. It expected that those with fibrosis would demonstrate poorer postoperative cognition.


type="main"> The links between interest rates, cost of capital, hurdle rates, and capital allocation have been remarkably weak during the last few years. For instance, whereas the current yield on the World Government Bond Index is a paltry 1.2%, survey evidence suggests that the median reported investment hurdle rate of S&P 100 companies is as high as 18%. In this report, members of J.P Morgan's corporate finance advisory group explain why the cost of capital for most companies is unlikely to increase materially even if interest rates rise as projected. This suggests that companies have room to lower their hurdle rates. Moreover, as the authors argue, a reduction in hurdle rates is likely to be beneficial since excessively high hurdle rates can have the effect of reducing value by sacrificing profitable growth opportunities and increasing the firm's risk profile. The report concludes with a framework for corporate hurdle rates and capital allocation strategies designed to help companies make better investment decisions.


Anaerobic digestion (AD) of livestock and poultry manure to produce biogas can not only improve environmental problems, but also effectively utilize waste. In order to maximize the resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure, the AD experiments of mixing cow dung, deer manure, and mushroom fungus were carried out. The changes of AD biogas production (daily and cumulative biogas production), CH4 content, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), pH at different temperatures (20, 35, and 50°C), and mixing ratios were studied, and the optimum reaction conditions were discussed. Results show that with the increase in temperature the biogas production rate and the cumulative biogas production at each proportions increase. At 20°C, the amount of biogas generated is very small. Under different proportions of raw materials, the cumulative biogas production first increased and then decreased. The best biogas production is at a temperature of 50°C and a proportion of cow dung, deer manure, and mushroom fungus is 0.3:0.4:0.3. The unit total solid biogas production rate reached 0.23 L·g−1. The mixed fermentation of livestock manure and mushroom fungus made up for the inadequacy of its separate fermentation performance and was also an effective method to improve the biogas rate and comprehensive utilization rate of livestock manure. The results of this study are of great significance in promoting the utilization of livestock and poultry manure.


Blast caused by Magnaporthe grisea (Hebert) Barr is an important disease in rice. Nitrogen plays a crucial role in the development of blast. Many experiments have shown that a high N supply induces heavy blast incidence, regardless of the phosphorus or potassium supply (Ou 1985). However, the severity of the disease varies with the method of N fertilizer application (Ou 1985). Hence, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of N management through the leaf color chart (LCC) on blast incidence and rice productivity.


The post-buckling (large deflection after buckling) behavior of silk fabrics was measured with the ends fixed horizontally as examples , and the relation with hystere-tic characteristics in pure bending tests were examined. Typical silk fabrics of dif-ferent characteristics were used for the post-buckling tests. A theoretical prediction was made of the post-buckling behavior, using the pure bending test. The mo-mentcurvature relationship of silk fabrics obtained in a pure bending test was approximated by a rate-model and the change in flexural rigidity caused by hysteresis was incorporated into a FEM (Finite Element Method) equation. Using a nonlinear FEM, post-buckling behavior was determined for some silk fabrics. In a pure bending test, hysteretic characteristics were found in fabrics using twisted yarn. Silk fabrics showing hysteretic behavior in pure bending tests also showed hysteretic behavior in post-buckling tests. The numerical results correlated with the experimental results which showed hysteretic behavior.


Theappearance ofafaceisseverely altered by illumination conditions thatmakesautomatic facerecognition a challenging task. In(14), we introduced anillumination- invariant faceidentification methodbasedonGaussian Mixture Models (GMM)andthephase spectra oftheFourier Transform ofimages. Inthispaperwe explore theapplication ofthis identification schemeontheYaledatabase thatcontains images withagreater degree ofillumination variations. Thenovelty ofourapproach isthatthemodelisabletocapture the illumination variations soaptly thatityields satisfactory results without anillumination normalization unlike mostexisting methods. Identification basedon a MAP estimate achieves misclassification errorrateof3.5%anda lowverification rateof0.4%onthisdatabase with10people and64dif- ferent illumination conditions. Boththesesetsofresults are significantly better thanthoseobtained fromtraditional PCA andLDA classifiers. We nextshowthatuponillumination normalization, ourmethodsucceeds inattaining near-perfect results using thereconstructed images. A rigorous comparison withexisting state-of-the-art approaches demonstrates thatour proposed technique outperforms allofthose. Furthermore, somestatistical analyses pertaining toBayesian modelselection andlarge-scale performance evaluation basedonrandomeffects modelareincluded.


To study the low pressure influence on the flash point and fire hazard of organic fuels and their aqueous solutions, a series of experiments has been conducted to measure the open‐cup and closed‐cup flash points of methanol, ethanol, and n‐decane aqueous solutions including different mole fractions under different static pressures ranging from 35 to 101 kPa. The results show that both the pressure and fuel mole fraction have a nonlinear correlation with the flash point of the miscible fuel specimens like the correlation provided in this paper. For the partially miscible fuel specimens with a lower density than water, the water content has almost no influence on the flash point. The fire risks of the experimental results were analysed based on the standard GB50160‐2008, which shows that the fire risk becomes higher at low pressures, and there is a critical pressure at the turning point of the change in fire classification. A method to achieve the critical low pressure of different fuels or aqueous solutions from the fire hazard classification is derived in this paper.


This text introduces the basic principle,the technique parameters and the purchase of ventilators,to insure the use quantity and the use safety of ventilators.


In the current economic conditions, the efficiency of business processes of an organization is determined by the quality of the staff. Therefore, actual is the creation and application of new approaches to the management of human re-sources. The article presents a comparative analysis of management practices and their impact on the effectiveness of personnel management, the mechanism of their integration to improve the efficiency of the process.


A numerical model has been developed on metallic sandwich structures as an armor for aeronautical applications. Several combinations of AA5086-H111 aluminium skins and aluminium honeycomb core have been studied, considering medium-velocity and high-energy impacts. The aim is to establish links between the sandwich performances and the material and geometrical parameters. An elasto-plastic, strain-rate dependent behavior has been implemented to represent the skins and the core. The sandwich model has been calibrated and validated from the experimental data. Dynamic effects, as well as strong couplings between the skins and the core appear to have a significant effect on the target performance.


A series of 1-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-3-carbamoylpyridin-1-ium salts with different anions (Cl−, Br−, BF4−, NO3−, OTf−, PF6− and BPh4−) have been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The results demonstrate that the L-shaped diamide pyridinium cations can aggregate convergently to form a tubular structure or divergently to form a one-dimensional ribbon structure or two-dimensional brick, grid and sheet structures via different hydrogen bonding catemer motifs, including conventional N–H⋯O type (BPh4− (7)), the nonconventional N–H⋯O types (Cl− (1)) and, the mixed N–H⋯O/C–H⋯O type (OTf (5) and PF6− (6)), and the interesting pure C–H⋯O types (Cl− (1), Br− (2) and BF4− (3)).


[Objective] The research aimed to provide scientific base for evaluating usability of flue-cured tobacco in Guandong province. [Method] The main chemical components in 72 samples of flue-cured tobacco from different ecological tobacco- growing areas in Guandong were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and flame photometry etc. and compared with that in Brazil flue-cured tobacco. [Result] The contents of nicotine, total nitrogen, reducing sugar, potassium and chlorine were 2.74±0.64%, 1.80±0.22%, 24.15±3.04%, 2.28±0.34% and 0.3±0.13% resp. and the ratios of sugar to nicotine, total nitrogen to nicotine and potassium to chlorine were 9.41±2.79%,0.69±0.17% and 9.02±4.57% resp. The difference of chemical components of flue-cured tobacco leaves among stalk positions was significant at 5% level except chlorine content and the ratio of potassium to chlorine. Guangdong flue-cured tobacco was significantly lower than Brazil flue-cured tobacco on the contents of total nitrogen and potassium in upper leaves, but was significantly higher than Brazil flue-cured tobacco on the contents of reducing sugar in middle and lower leaves. In flue-cured tobacco from Shaoguan and Meizhou, the comprehensive scores of upper leaves were 0.3 and 0.13, that of the middle leaves were 0.45 and 0.32 and that of the lower leaf was -0.31and -0.56. [Conclusion] Guangdong flue-cured tobacco was significantly lower than Brazil flue-cured tobacco on the contents of total nitrogen and potassium, but was significantly higher than Brazil flue-cured tobacco on reducing sugar content and the ratios of sugar to nicotine and potassium to chlorine.


Abstract : The Jugoslovenska Narodna Armija (JNA) - the Yugoslav National Army, played a pivotal role in the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). This thesis, then, is about the Yugoslav military and civil-military relations in the SFRY and the consequences those relations had for Yugoslavia. It chronicles the historical development of the JNA from World War II to the outbreak of hostilities in 1991. The Yugoslav military, as an inherently conservative organization, by seeking to keep SFRY together actually hastened its demise. But this thesis is also about the future of civil-military relations for the former Yugoslav republics. Slovenia, seven years after independence, provides a relevant model of study. I argue that Slovenia is an example of a healthy civil- military relationship. Other South Slav states must consider Slovenia's example when analyzing and adopting their own political structures.